College and Research Libraries


plus harder work on the part of the authors 
would have produced a much more valu­
able book.-Thomas L. Bonn, Electronic 
Media Center Librarian, State University 
of N ew York, College at Cortland. 

Robinson, Arthur H., and Petchenik, Bar­
bara Bartz. The Nature of Maps: Essays 
toward Understanding Maps and Map­
ping. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr., 
1976. 138p. $8.95. LC 75-36401. ISBN 
0-226-72281-3. 
The Nature of Maps consists of six essays 

which together are an impressive attempt 
to provide a general theory of cartography. 
The essays are: On Maps and Mapping; 
the Map as a Communication System; Map­
ping, Language and Meaning; Seeing and 
Mapping; the Conception of Space; and 
Structure in Maps and Mapping. Drs. Rob­
inson and Petchenik are eminent cartogra­
phers, well versed in the literature of their 
own field as well as related disciplines such 
as logic, philosophy, linguistics, informa­
tion theory, and psychology. 

Generally, cartographers have been pri­
marily concerned with various technical in­
novations and not the theoretical problem 
of how a map acquires meaning from its 
maker and elicits meaning rin its user. In 
order to understand the communicative 
process in maps, the authors provide an 
analysis of other types of communications 
and demonstrate their relationship to car­
tography. What the authors are delineating 
is a broad research paradigm specific to 
this discipline, with the emphasis shifting 
from the "map as a static graphic display 
to the cognitive and perceptual activities 
of the individuals who interact with maps." 

This is the first detailed analysis of the 
philosophical basis of cartography and the 
treatment of the map as a cognitive system. 
It is a highly sophisticated benchmark work 
which treats in great detail issues which 
have been only briefly raised by earlier re­
searchers: for example, the fundamental 
character of meaning in the mapping sys­
tem, physiological and psychological in­
sights into visual cognition, development 
of the ability to visualize and form images 
of the perceptual ·stimuli themselves, and 
acquisition and character of spatial knowl­
edge. 

The volume is well documented with nu­
merous references to scholars in the sci-

Recent Publications I 171 

ences and humanities, such as R. Camap, 
E. Cassirer, J. Piaget, M. Polyani, and 
E. Imhof. It should be noted that this is 
far from the easiest book to follow) for 
either the cartographer or the librarian. It is 
a major contribution toward a general the­
ory of cartography and clearly demonstrates 
that the "concept of spatial relatedness 
which is of concern in mapping and which 
indeed is the reason for the very existence 
of cartography, is a quality without which 
it is difficult or impossible for the human 
mind to apprehend anything." The Nature 
of Maps is recommended for most four­
year college and university libraries.-Alan 
Edward Schorr, Assistant Professor, Elmer 
E. Rasmuson Library, University of Alaska, 
Fairbanks. 

A Reader in Library Management. Edited 
by Ross Shimmon, and with linking com­
mentaries by John Allred, K. H. Jones, 
Peter Jordan. London: Clive Bingley; 
Hamden, Conn.: Linnet Books, 1976. 
$10.00. 213p. LC 76-10382. ISBN 0­
85157-194-8, Bingley; 0-208-01378-4, 
Linnet. 
The purpose of this reader "is to present, 

in an accessible and convenient form, a 
group of articles which have been found to 
be of more than average usefulness by sev­
eral lecturers with courses in library man­
agement." The twelve articles chosen are 
from British, American, and Canadian jour­
nals, dated between 1968 and 1974. 

The text itself is divided into five sec­
tions: management, planning, organization, 
personnel, and evaluation. The articles 
chosen to discuss issues relating to these 
five topics provide a general introduction 
to library management theory. "The Need 
for Adminish·ative Know-How in Libraries" 
by Beatrice V. Simon is well-placed as the 
initial selection and provides a synoptic re­
view of the literature and concepts of man­
agement science. 

In "Creative Library Management" K. H. 
Jones distinguishes between the narrowness 
of mechanistic librarianship and a more en­
compassing existential view of library ser­
vice. P. H. Sewell and J. R. Haak point up 
the need for library goals on a national 
level and in undergraduate libraries, re­
spectively. 

..A Systems Concept of Organization and 
Control of Large University Libraries" by 



~72 j College & Research Libraries • March 1977 

G. C. Burgis presents a "team approach to 
library administration." A matrix interrelat­
ing public and technical services personnel 
produces teams to provide administrative 
alternatives to management problems. . 

Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herz­
berg's hygiene and motivation factors form 
the basis for the two articles on personnel. 
B. G. Dutton's "Staff Management and Staff 
Participation" gives ~m overview of theories 
of organizational structure. K. H. Plate and 
E. W. Stone replicate Herzberg's theorem 
with library personnel in "Factors Affecting 
Libraries Job Satisfaction." 

Standards for library evaluation are 
found in "Review of Criteria Used to Mea­
sure Lipracy Effectiveness" by E. Evans, 
H. Borko, and P. Ferguson. This is a review 
article on the literature of library standards; 
an extensive list of fifty-five references is in­
cluded. 

A Reader in . Library Management suc­
ceeds in fulfilling its purpose, presenting 
seminal articles on library management in 
a volume of reasonable length. The empha­
sis throughout is on management tech­
niques and theory as applicable to libraries. 
Because the articles are theoretic, this text 
would appear to be most meaningful to 
practicing administrators or to students in 
conjunction with case studies. · 

There are a few shortcomings in the for­
mat of this reader. Typographical errors in 
the text and on at least one matrix may 
cause some confusion. Were the credentials 
of the contributor located at the beginning 
of each article, the reader might have had 
more appreciation for the writer's point of 
view: This anthology is recommended to li­
braries collecting comprehensively in li­
brary administration.-Ralph D.. Arcari, 
Acting Director of Libraries, University of 
Connecticut Health Center, Farmington. 

Taubert, Sigfred, ed., The Book Trade of 
the World; Volume II, The Americas, 
Australia, New Zealand. New York, 
Bowker, 1976. 377p. $36.00. LC 72­
142165. ISBN 3-578-04567-5. 
Part one of this valuable set (slated for 

completion in three volumes) appeared in 
1972 and covered Europe and international 
agencies. Although it received considerable 
notice in library and book magazines, it was 
not evaluated in this journal. For those in­

terested in an appraisal, probably the most 
thorough review of the first volume was 
that by David Kaser (Library Journal 97: 
3556 (Nov. 1, 1972)). 

The format established in the earlier vol­
ume continues in the second. Local experts, 
for the most part, were asked to submit 
data for their countries under thirty-five 
headings: among these are country infor­
mation, ·past and present, trade press, mar­
ket research; book production, publishing, 
bibliophily · (I like that word!), and book 
exports. If there was nothing to report un­
der one of the individual headings, it was 
deleted. There are forty-four articles about 
separate countries and dependencies, as 
well as overall surveys of Latin America, 
the British West Indies, and the West In­
dies Associated States. Twenty-two indi­
vidual writers contributed the articles. The 
length of each varies from twenty-eight 
pages for the U.S. to three for Surinam. 

This set ·is infused with a sense of pur­
pose. "Never before," editor Taubert as­
serts, "have all branches of the book trade 
had so great or promising a mission in unit­
ing the nations as they have today.... 
Publishing and trading in books is an act 
of bridge building between authors and 
readers, country and country, continent ·and 
continent." Taubert is, of course, uniquely 
qualified for this undertaking. He is the 
former director of the famed Frankfort 
Book Fair and a respected figure in the in­
ternational book trade. He is widely known 
here for his magnificent Bibliopola (Bow­
ker, 1966, 2v.), the first "iconography" of 
the book trade. 

BTW II is no mere directory or compen­
dium of statistics. It contains substantial 
narrative material. I found the histori~al 
portions in the "Past & Present" sections 
particularly informative. The bibliographies 
for each country and topic point the con­
cerned reader to further sources of infor­
mation. Just as others have noted of the 
first volume, volume II also contains suc­
cinct information either not readily avail­
able elsewhere or not otherwise obtainable 
at all. 

Publication delays have regrettably ren­
dered a certain portion of the data obso- · 
lete. For example, book production and 
sales statistics are mostly old-1970 vin­
tage, and there are few bibliographical ci­