novbkrvs


588 College & Research Libraries 

uted and consumed in the future? And in 
what formats? These questions demand 
serious answers, however impressionis­
tic and futuristic; Fabian and/or Boll do 
not spend sufficient time on them. 

They do address the relationship of 
electronic journals and the humanities, 
but by then it is far too little and, arriving 
immediately before the epilogue, too late. 
Surely, in the late 1990s, the authors can­
not still believe that the Online Conspec­
tus Database “should ultimately become 
a useful guide to holdings strengths and 
help in coordinated acquisitions policies.” 
I suppose they have a point if you do not 
mind leading yourself blindfolded down 
a dark tunnel. Yet the authors continue 
undeterred: they would rather persuade 
the reader that the conspectus is designed 
to provide complete standardized infor­
mation on the location of specific humani­
ties collections and their relative strengths 
in North American research libraries. The 
dream lives on. 

Finally, the authors are unreasonably 
anachronistic. Their prediction that 
monographs and journals on paper will 
remain dominant in the humanities and 
their opinion that the book in paper for­
mat is still the ideal standard for publica­
tion in the humanities are both akin to the 
ideas of an ostrich that has yet to stick its 
head out of the sand for fifteen years. 
Scholars’ habits and publishers’ products 
have changed, and betting everything on 
the primacy of paper is, as we enter the 
next century, no sure thing. 

How very disappointed I was after 
reading this book. What a waste of a 
grand opportunity.—Michael P. Olson, 
Harvard University. 

Guidelines for Educational Use of Copy­
righted Materials. Ed. Peggy Hoon. 
Pullman, Wash.: Washington State 
Univ. Pr., 1997. 34p. $15 (ISBN 0-87422­
161-7). LC 97-32885. 

Succinct, well organized, accessible, prac­
tical, dry—these all describe this helpful 
manual on copyright law for educators. 
Prepared by copyright specialist and at­
torney for Washington State University 

November 1998 

Peggy Hoon, the document was origi­
nally drafted to provide operating guide­
lines for the WSU community. In response 
to widespread interest, its publication and 
distribution has been increased. The 
guidelines are applicable and easily 
adapted to all educational institutions, 
public and private. 

The work is well organized by type of 
publication and type of use. There is no 
index, but a detailed table of contents fa­
cilitates finding pertinent sections within 
this slim paperback volume. 

The book opens with a discussion of 
the purpose of copyright, rights of the 
owner, and a brief description of the com­
monly used term fair use. The common 
misconception that educational use, in 
and of itself, constitutes fair use is shat­
tered in the opening pages. Infringements 
of copyright law may result in personal 
as well as institutional liability. 

After a brief introduction to the con­
cept of copyright, the book focuses on its 
primary purpose, which is to explore the 
practical issues of using copyrighted ma­
terials. A review of the protections that 
apply to printed materials is extremely 
useful, covering both published and un­
published works, and facts and ideas. The 
discussion helps clarify confusing prob­
lems in determining whether copyright 
protection exists, based on the date of cre­
ation and/or publication of a work. The 
confusion is further simplified by the 
inclusion of an easy-to-read chart (ap­
pendix G) produced by noted copy­
right lecturer and authority Laura 
Gasaway. 

The author then outlines, in a succinct 
and usable format, what constitutes per­
missible use in research, in the classroom, 
for library reserves, library photocopying, 
and interlibrary loan. This is the heart of 
the publication, providing practical ad­
vice on the legal use of copyrighted ma­
terials. 

In sidebars, the author poses fre­
quently asked questions (FAQs) to illus­
trate points. The format is difficult to use 
to find an answer to a specific need; an 
index would have served better for that 



Book Reviews 589 

purpose. However, the FAQs do present 
specific, real-life examples of situations in 
which an educator might find him- or 
herself on any day. Ms. Hoon offers a de­
cision on whether the action is likely to 
meet the definition of fair use. Some ex­
amples used by the author include. 

 A professor photocopies 5 to 20 ar­
ticles each month from a group of about 
30 journals that he follows. He keeps these 
copies in his personal files for study and 
research. Is this fair use? 

 In August, while preparing a 
course to be taught the following Janu­
ary, a professor decides that she would 
like to make copies, for class distribution, 
of three essays by different authors from 
three different works. May she? 

 A professor would like to make 
copies of three chapters from an expen­
sive chemistry textbook and place them 
on reserve rather than to assign the book, 
most of which is too advanced, for his 
class to purchase. May he? 

 A professor uses an overhead pro­
jector in her class lecture to show copy­
righted pictures from several zoology 
books. She would like to videotape the 
lecture for a repeat showing to a later 
class. Fair use? 

In all of the above examples, the 
author’s determination is that these cases 
do not constitute fair use. She makes 
clever use of the FAQs to illustrate, via 
very tangible and easy-to-grasp ex­
amples, the principles discussed in the 
text. They bring meaning and life to terms 
such as spontaneity, brevity, and systematic 
use that would not be possible through a 
textbook definition alone. 

In addition to printed works, the au­
thor discusses copyright applications to 
pictorial works, film, video and broadcast 
recordings, music, distance learning, and 
computer software. It is an eye-opening 
discussion for those who have never pon­
dered the intricacies of copyright law. For 
example, a pictorial work may or may not 
be protected by the same copyright, or 
absence of copyright, as the work in 
which it is contained. Thus, permission 
to copy a written work does not neces­
sarily apply to pictures contained within 
the work. The author also explores the 
vagaries of software license agreements, 
which can vary widely in type and ex­
tent of use allowed. These are but two 
examples of information and advice pre­
sented in this discussion of copyright of 
nontraditional formats. 

Statement of ownership, management, and circulation 
College & Research Libraries, ISSN 0010-0870, is published bimonthly by the Association of 
College and Research Libraries, American Library Association, 50 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL 
60611-2795. The editor is Donald Riggs, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, 
Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796. Annual subscription price, $60.00. Printed in U.S.A. with sec­
ond-class postage paid at Chicago, Illinois. As a nonprofit organization authorized to mail at 
special rates (DMM Section 424.12 only), the purpose, function, and nonprofit status of this 
organization and the exempt status for federal income tax purposes have not changed during the 
preceding twelve months. 

Extent and nature of circulation 
(Average figures denote the average number of copies printed each issue during the preceding 
twelve months; actual figures denote actual number of copies of single issue published nearest 
filing date: September 1998 issue.) Total number of copies printed: average 12,842; actual 12,625. 
Sales through dealers, carriers, street vendors, and counter sales: none. Mail subscription: av­
erage 12,442; actual 12,221. Free distribution: average 35; actual 36. Total distribution: average 
12,447; actual 12,257. Office use, leftover, unaccounted, spoiled after printing: average 365; 
actual 368. Total: average 12,842; actual 12,625. 

Statement of Ownership, Management, and Circulation 
(PS Form 3526, Sept. 1995) for 1998 filed with the 

United States Post Office Postmaster in Chicago, October 13, 1998. 



 

590 College & Research Libraries 

The appendices are useful. They in­
clude sample form letters for requesting 
permission to use copyrighted works. 
Other appendices include a copy of 
guidelines for minimum standards of 
educational use as determined by Con­
gress, as well as highlights of pertinent 
sections of copyright law. 

The book pays some consideration to 
new information and communication 
mediums, evidenced by its coverage of 
computer software licensing, the use of 
graphics on the Web, etc. Despite these 
examples, though, its overall attention to 
the impact of technology on copyright 
law interpretation is minimal. It does not 
mention electronic reserves at all. The 
value of the manual would have been 
enhanced by more discussion of the prob­
lems posed by new technologies. How­
ever, despite this small gap, Guidelines for 
Educational Use of Copyrighted Materials is 
an excellent digest of current copyright 
law—concise, practical, and easy to use. 
It takes a conservative approach to inter­
pretation of the law, erring (if at all) on 
the side of caution. But its advice is solid 
and practical—a safe course of action for 
those who are disinclined to test the 
boundaries of the law and a wise posi­
tion for the university administration to 
promulgate. It is useful to educators, in­
structional support personnel, and infor­
mation specialists in libraries, Web de­
sign, or computing labs. It condenses a 
relatively indigestible law into manage­
able and comprehensible information 
bites, providing a solid overview of copy­
right law as well as answers to specific 
application problems.—Janita Jobe, Uni­
versity of Nevada, Reno. 

Harwit, Martin. An Exhibit Denied: Lob­
bying the History of the “Enola Gay.” 
New York: Copernicus, 1996. 477p. 
$27.50, alk. paper (ISBN 0-387-94797­
3). LC 96-18676. 

Given the Supreme Court’s recent ruling 
that the National Endowment for the Arts 
must consider community standards of 
decency in allocating federal funds to art­
ists and arts venues (museums, libraries, 

November 1998 

etc.), it becomes ever more imperative that 
opponents of censorship understand how 
self-appointed arbiters of cultural prod­
ucts use the media and political lobbyists 
to circumscribe artistic and intellectual 
freedoms. Harwit’s book is an important 
contribution to such understanding. 

Call this book an “anatomy” of a case 
of censorship, and you will have an apt 
description. In 477 pages, Harwit, direc­
tor of the Smithsonian Institution’s Na­
tional Air and Space Museum (NASM) 
from 1987 until he was forced to resign in 
May 1995, describes in great detail the 
way lobbyists for veterans organizations 
caused the cancellation of a NASM exhibit 
that would have made a major contribu­
tion to the public’s knowledge of World 
War II. Titled “The Last Act: The Atomic 
Bomb and the End of World War II,” the 
exhibit was to feature the airplane that 
dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima 
on August 6, 1945, and was scheduled to 
open as part of commemorations sur­
rounding the fiftieth anniversary of the 
end of the war. It was controversial, but 
as becomes evident from Harwit’s book, 
the opposition was really quite a small, 
but powerful, part of the veteran commu­
nity. The book is organized chronologi­
cally and relies heavily on quotations 
from exhibit planning documents, label 
scripts, memos, correspondence, newspa­
per stories, and editorials. As Harwit 
notes, the extensive use of quotes was 
necessary given that much of the debate 
surrounding the exhibit hinged on words 
and phrases from the script, archival 
documents, and other sources. The quo­
tations allow the reader to judge the mer­
its of the debate. 

An Exhibit Denied tells a tragic and dis­
turbing story. The development, use, and 
ongoing manufacture of atomic weapons 
have become a central feature of modern 
life. As the guardians of the Enola Gay (a 
B-29 Boeing bomber), and as museum 
professionals charged to “collect, pre­
serve, and display aeronautical and space 
flight equipment of historical interest and 
significance . . . and [to] provide educa­
tional material for the historical study of