id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
crl-16564	Soria, Krista M.; Fransen, Jan; Nackerud, Shane	Beyond Books: The Extended Academic Benefits of Library Use for First-Year College Students	2017	15	.pdf	application/pdf	7644	250	43	Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework for this study is built upon Astin’s well-established Input- Environment-Output model, which hypothesizes that the background characteristics of college students (inputs) and relevant aspects of the college experience (environ- ment) influence outcomes.11 Adhering to this model, controls for inputs (such as sex, racial/ethnic identity, and precollege ratings of academic skills) and additional college experiences (such as campus climate, academic college of enrollment) were included as separate blocks in the models predicting students’ academic outcomes to isolate their contributions from the focal independent variables—students’ use of academic libraries in five broad areas. Results Academic Engagement The first model regressing students’ academic engagement on their precollege demo- graphics, collegiate experiences, and academic library use explained 35.7 percent of the variance in students’ academic engagement (table 2).	cache/crl-16564.pdf	txt/crl-16564.txt