id sid tid token lemma pos crl-25778 1 1 288 288 NUM crl-25778 1 2 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 1 3 of of ADP crl-25778 1 4 united united PROPN crl-25778 1 5 states states PROPN crl-25778 1 6 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 1 7 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 1 8 in in ADP crl-25778 1 9 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 1 10 and and CCONJ crl-25778 1 11 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 1 12 changes change NOUN crl-25778 1 13 from from ADP crl-25778 1 14 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 1 15 to to ADP crl-25778 1 16 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 1 17 samantha samantha PROPN crl-25778 1 18 godbey godbey PROPN crl-25778 1 19 and and CCONJ crl-25778 1 20 starr starr PROPN crl-25778 1 21 hoffman hoffman PROPN crl-25778 1 22 * * PROPN crl-25778 1 23 this this DET crl-25778 1 24 paper paper NOUN crl-25778 1 25 provides provide VERB crl-25778 1 26 a a DET crl-25778 1 27 snapshot snapshot NOUN crl-25778 1 28 of of ADP crl-25778 1 29 united united PROPN crl-25778 1 30 states states PROPN crl-25778 1 31 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 1 32 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 1 33 in in ADP crl-25778 1 34 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 1 35 and and CCONJ crl-25778 1 36 explores explore VERB crl-25778 1 37 longitudinal longitudinal ADJ crl-25778 1 38 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 1 39 in in ADP crl-25778 1 40 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 1 41 and and CCONJ crl-25778 1 42 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 1 43 for for ADP crl-25778 1 44 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 1 45 to to ADP crl-25778 1 46 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 1 47 . . PUNCT crl-25778 2 1 the the DET crl-25778 2 2 authors author NOUN crl-25778 2 3 merged merge VERB crl-25778 2 4 and and CCONJ crl-25778 2 5 analyzed analyze VERB crl-25778 2 6 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 2 7 library library NOUN crl-25778 2 8 data datum NOUN crl-25778 2 9 from from ADP crl-25778 2 10 the the DET crl-25778 2 11 national national ADJ crl-25778 2 12 center center NOUN crl-25778 2 13 for for ADP crl-25778 2 14 education education NOUN crl-25778 2 15 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25778 2 16 from from ADP crl-25778 2 17 over over ADP crl-25778 2 18 4,000 4,000 NUM crl-25778 2 19 postsecondary postsecondary ADJ crl-25778 2 20 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 2 21 . . PUNCT crl-25778 3 1 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 3 2 are be AUX crl-25778 3 3 explored explore VERB crl-25778 3 4 by by ADP crl-25778 3 5 region region NOUN crl-25778 3 6 and and CCONJ crl-25778 3 7 maps map NOUN crl-25778 3 8 are be AUX crl-25778 3 9 provided provide VERB crl-25778 3 10 . . PUNCT crl-25778 4 1 total total ADJ crl-25778 4 2 inflation inflation NOUN crl-25778 4 3 - - PUNCT crl-25778 4 4 adjusted adjust VERB crl-25778 4 5 library library NOUN crl-25778 4 6 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 4 7 have have AUX crl-25778 4 8 increased increase VERB crl-25778 4 9 steadily steadily ADV crl-25778 4 10 for for ADP crl-25778 4 11 all all DET crl-25778 4 12 regions region NOUN crl-25778 4 13 from from ADP crl-25778 4 14 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 4 15 to to ADP crl-25778 4 16 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 4 17 , , PUNCT crl-25778 4 18 including include VERB crl-25778 4 19 in in ADP crl-25778 4 20 the the DET crl-25778 4 21 two two NUM crl-25778 4 22 major major ADJ crl-25778 4 23 expenditure expenditure NOUN crl-25778 4 24 categories category NOUN crl-25778 4 25 of of ADP crl-25778 4 26 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 4 27 and and CCONJ crl-25778 4 28 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 4 29 . . PUNCT crl-25778 5 1 in in ADP crl-25778 5 2 the the DET crl-25778 5 3 northeast northeast NOUN crl-25778 5 4 and and CCONJ crl-25778 5 5 west west NOUN crl-25778 5 6 , , PUNCT crl-25778 5 7 averages average NOUN crl-25778 5 8 are be AUX crl-25778 5 9 markedly markedly ADV crl-25778 5 10 higher high ADJ crl-25778 5 11 in in ADP crl-25778 5 12 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 5 13 and and CCONJ crl-25778 5 14 total total ADJ crl-25778 5 15 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 5 16 than than ADP crl-25778 5 17 the the DET crl-25778 5 18 other other ADJ crl-25778 5 19 two two NUM crl-25778 5 20 regions region NOUN crl-25778 5 21 . . PUNCT crl-25778 6 1 introduction introduction NOUN crl-25778 6 2 beginning begin VERB crl-25778 6 3 in in ADP crl-25778 6 4 1966 1966 NUM crl-25778 6 5 , , PUNCT crl-25778 6 6 the the DET crl-25778 6 7 national national ADJ crl-25778 6 8 center center NOUN crl-25778 6 9 for for ADP crl-25778 6 10 education education NOUN crl-25778 6 11 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25778 6 12 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 6 13 nces nce NOUN crl-25778 6 14 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 6 15 began begin VERB crl-25778 6 16 collecting collect VERB crl-25778 6 17 data datum NOUN crl-25778 6 18 on on ADP crl-25778 6 19 library library ADJ crl-25778 6 20 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 6 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 6 22 services service NOUN crl-25778 6 23 , , PUNCT crl-25778 6 24 and and CCONJ crl-25778 6 25 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 6 26 for for ADP crl-25778 6 27 all all DET crl-25778 6 28 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 6 29 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 6 30 in in ADP crl-25778 6 31 the the DET crl-25778 6 32 united united PROPN crl-25778 6 33 states states PROPN crl-25778 6 34 via via ADP crl-25778 6 35 the the DET crl-25778 6 36 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 6 37 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 6 38 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 6 39 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 6 40 als als NOUN crl-25778 6 41 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 6 42 . . PUNCT crl-25778 7 1 despite despite SCONJ crl-25778 7 2 the the DET crl-25778 7 3 long long ADJ crl-25778 7 4 history history NOUN crl-25778 7 5 of of ADP crl-25778 7 6 this this DET crl-25778 7 7 data datum NOUN crl-25778 7 8 collection collection NOUN crl-25778 7 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 7 10 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25778 7 11 of of ADP crl-25778 7 12 this this DET crl-25778 7 13 data datum NOUN crl-25778 7 14 has have AUX crl-25778 7 15 proved prove VERB crl-25778 7 16 challenging challenge VERB crl-25778 7 17 for for ADP crl-25778 7 18 researchers researcher NOUN crl-25778 7 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 7 20 especially especially ADV crl-25778 7 21 over over ADP crl-25778 7 22 time time NOUN crl-25778 7 23 . . PUNCT crl-25778 8 1 a a DET crl-25778 8 2 prior prior ADJ crl-25778 8 3 study study NOUN crl-25778 8 4 by by ADP crl-25778 8 5 the the DET crl-25778 8 6 same same ADJ crl-25778 8 7 authors1 authors1 NOUN crl-25778 8 8 explored explore VERB crl-25778 8 9 als als NOUN crl-25778 8 10 data datum NOUN crl-25778 8 11 from from ADP crl-25778 8 12 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 8 13 to to ADP crl-25778 8 14 2016 2016 NUM crl-25778 8 15 . . PUNCT crl-25778 9 1 this this DET crl-25778 9 2 paper paper NOUN crl-25778 9 3 expands expand VERB crl-25778 9 4 on on ADP crl-25778 9 5 that that DET crl-25778 9 6 study study NOUN crl-25778 9 7 by by ADP crl-25778 9 8 providing provide VERB crl-25778 9 9 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 9 10 comparisons comparison NOUN crl-25778 9 11 that that PRON crl-25778 9 12 add add VERB crl-25778 9 13 nuance nuance NOUN crl-25778 9 14 to to ADP crl-25778 9 15 previous previous ADJ crl-25778 9 16 benchmarking benchmarke VERB crl-25778 9 17 data datum NOUN crl-25778 9 18 and and CCONJ crl-25778 9 19 by by ADP crl-25778 9 20 extending extend VERB crl-25778 9 21 the the DET crl-25778 9 22 longitudinal longitudinal ADJ crl-25778 9 23 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25778 9 24 to to PART crl-25778 9 25 include include VERB crl-25778 9 26 2018 2018 NUM crl-25778 9 27 and and CCONJ crl-25778 9 28 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 9 29 . . PUNCT crl-25778 10 1 we we PRON crl-25778 10 2 also also ADV crl-25778 10 3 include include VERB crl-25778 10 4 an an DET crl-25778 10 5 examination examination NOUN crl-25778 10 6 of of ADP crl-25778 10 7 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 10 8 data datum NOUN crl-25778 10 9 in in ADP crl-25778 10 10 order order NOUN crl-25778 10 11 to to PART crl-25778 10 12 provide provide VERB crl-25778 10 13 a a DET crl-25778 10 14 recent recent ADJ crl-25778 10 15 snapshot snapshot NOUN crl-25778 10 16 of of ADP crl-25778 10 17 united united PROPN crl-25778 10 18 states states PROPN crl-25778 10 19 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 10 20 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 10 21 . . PUNCT crl-25778 11 1 literature literature NOUN crl-25778 11 2 review review VERB crl-25778 11 3 the the DET crl-25778 11 4 als als NOUN crl-25778 11 5 is be AUX crl-25778 11 6 part part NOUN crl-25778 11 7 of of ADP crl-25778 11 8 the the DET crl-25778 11 9 mandatory mandatory ADJ crl-25778 11 10 annual annual ADJ crl-25778 11 11 reporting reporting NOUN crl-25778 11 12 requirements requirement NOUN crl-25778 11 13 for for ADP crl-25778 11 14 all all DET crl-25778 11 15 degree degree NOUN crl-25778 11 16 - - PUNCT crl-25778 11 17 granting grant VERB crl-25778 11 18 title title NOUN crl-25778 11 19 iv iv NUM crl-25778 11 20 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 11 21 in in ADP crl-25778 11 22 the the DET crl-25778 11 23 united united PROPN crl-25778 11 24 states states PROPN crl-25778 11 25 , , PUNCT crl-25778 11 26 and and CCONJ crl-25778 11 27 this this DET crl-25778 11 28 data data NOUN crl-25778 11 29 is be AUX crl-25778 11 30 available available ADJ crl-25778 11 31 at at ADP crl-25778 11 32 no no DET crl-25778 11 33 cost cost NOUN crl-25778 11 34 from from ADP crl-25778 11 35 nces nce NOUN crl-25778 11 36 as as ADP crl-25778 11 37 a a DET crl-25778 11 38 subset subset NOUN crl-25778 11 39 of of ADP crl-25778 11 40 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 11 41 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 11 42 the the DET crl-25778 11 43 integrated integrate VERB crl-25778 11 44 postsecondary postsecondary ADJ crl-25778 11 45 education education NOUN crl-25778 11 46 data datum NOUN crl-25778 11 47 system system NOUN crl-25778 11 48 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 11 49 . . PUNCT crl-25778 12 1 we we PRON crl-25778 12 2 selected select VERB crl-25778 12 3 this this DET crl-25778 12 4 data datum NOUN crl-25778 12 5 for for ADP crl-25778 12 6 study study NOUN crl-25778 12 7 due due ADP crl-25778 12 8 to to ADP crl-25778 12 9 the the DET crl-25778 12 10 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 12 11 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 12 12 national national ADJ crl-25778 12 13 scope scope NOUN crl-25778 12 14 , , PUNCT crl-25778 12 15 high high ADJ crl-25778 12 16 response response NOUN crl-25778 12 17 rate rate NOUN crl-25778 12 18 , , PUNCT crl-25778 12 19 and and CCONJ crl-25778 12 20 availability availability NOUN crl-25778 12 21 without without ADP crl-25778 12 22 cost cost NOUN crl-25778 12 23 . . PUNCT crl-25778 13 1 two two NUM crl-25778 13 2 additional additional ADJ crl-25778 13 3 surveys survey NOUN crl-25778 13 4 are be AUX crl-25778 13 5 frequently frequently ADV crl-25778 13 6 used use VERB crl-25778 13 7 in in ADP crl-25778 13 8 similar similar ADJ crl-25778 13 9 studies study NOUN crl-25778 13 10 of of ADP crl-25778 13 11 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 13 12 library library NOUN crl-25778 13 13 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 13 14 : : PUNCT crl-25778 13 15 the the DET crl-25778 13 16 association association NOUN crl-25778 13 17 of of ADP crl-25778 13 18 research research NOUN crl-25778 13 19 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 13 20 ’ ' PUNCT crl-25778 13 21 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 13 22 arl arl PROPN crl-25778 13 23 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 13 24 arl arl PROPN crl-25778 13 25 statistics statistics PROPN crl-25778 13 26 survey2 survey2 PROPN crl-25778 13 27 and and CCONJ crl-25778 13 28 the the DET crl-25778 13 29 association association NOUN crl-25778 13 30 of of ADP crl-25778 13 31 college college PROPN crl-25778 13 32 and and CCONJ crl-25778 13 33 research research NOUN crl-25778 13 34 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 13 35 ’ ' PUNCT crl-25778 13 36 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 13 37 acrl acrl NOUN crl-25778 13 38 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 13 39 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 13 40 library library NOUN crl-25778 13 41 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 13 42 and and CCONJ crl-25778 13 43 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25778 13 44 survey.3 survey.3 PROPN crl-25778 13 45 collected collect VERB crl-25778 13 46 since since SCONJ crl-25778 13 47 1908 1908 NUM crl-25778 13 48 , , PUNCT crl-25778 13 49 arl arl PROPN crl-25778 13 50 statistics statistics PROPN crl-25778 13 51 provides provide VERB crl-25778 13 52 useful useful ADJ crl-25778 13 53 data datum NOUN crl-25778 13 54 for for ADP crl-25778 13 55 member member NOUN crl-25778 13 56 institutions4 institutions4 PROPN crl-25778 13 57 and and CCONJ crl-25778 13 58 can can AUX crl-25778 13 59 * * VERB crl-25778 13 60     SPACE crl-25778 13 61 samantha samantha PROPN crl-25778 13 62 godbey godbey PROPN crl-25778 13 63 is be AUX crl-25778 13 64 education education NOUN crl-25778 13 65 librarian librarian NOUN crl-25778 13 66 and and CCONJ crl-25778 13 67 associate associate ADJ crl-25778 13 68 professor professor NOUN crl-25778 13 69 at at ADP crl-25778 13 70 the the DET crl-25778 13 71 university university PROPN crl-25778 13 72 of of ADP crl-25778 13 73 nevada nevada PROPN crl-25778 13 74 , , PUNCT crl-25778 13 75 las las PROPN crl-25778 13 76 vegas vegas PROPN crl-25778 13 77 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 13 78 email email NOUN crl-25778 13 79 : : PUNCT crl-25778 13 80 samantha.godbey@unlv.edu samantha.godbey@unlv.edu PROPN crl-25778 13 81 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 13 82 starr starr PROPN crl-25778 13 83 hoffman hoffman PROPN crl-25778 13 84 is be AUX crl-25778 13 85 director director NOUN crl-25778 13 86 of of ADP crl-25778 13 87 planning planning NOUN crl-25778 13 88 and and CCONJ crl-25778 13 89 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25778 13 90 and and CCONJ crl-25778 13 91 associate associate ADJ crl-25778 13 92 professor professor NOUN crl-25778 13 93 at at ADP crl-25778 13 94 the the DET crl-25778 13 95 university university PROPN crl-25778 13 96 of of ADP crl-25778 13 97 nevada nevada PROPN crl-25778 13 98 , , PUNCT crl-25778 13 99 las las PROPN crl-25778 13 100 vegas vegas PROPN crl-25778 13 101 , , PUNCT crl-25778 13 102 email email NOUN crl-25778 13 103 : : PUNCT crl-25778 13 104 starr.hoffman@unlv.edu starr.hoffman@unlv.edu X crl-25778 13 105 . . PUNCT crl-25778 14 1 © © PROPN crl-25778 14 2 2024 2024 NUM crl-25778 14 3 samantha samantha NOUN crl-25778 14 4 godbey godbey PROPN crl-25778 14 5 and and CCONJ crl-25778 14 6 starr starr PROPN crl-25778 14 7 hoffman hoffman PROPN crl-25778 14 8 , , PUNCT crl-25778 14 9 attribution attribution NOUN crl-25778 14 10 - - PUNCT crl-25778 14 11 noncommercial noncommercial ADJ crl-25778 14 12 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 14 13 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NOUN crl-25778 14 14 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 14 15 cc cc NOUN crl-25778 14 16 by by ADP crl-25778 14 17 - - PUNCT crl-25778 14 18 nc nc PROPN crl-25778 14 19 . . PROPN crl-25778 14 20 mailto:samantha.godbey@unlv.edu mailto:samantha.godbey@unlv.edu PROPN crl-25778 14 21 mailto:starr.hoffman@unlv.edu mailto:starr.hoffman@unlv.edu PROPN crl-25778 14 22 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 14 23 of of ADP crl-25778 14 24 united united PROPN crl-25778 14 25 states states PROPN crl-25778 14 26 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 14 27 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 14 28 in in ADP crl-25778 14 29 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 14 30 and and CCONJ crl-25778 14 31 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 14 32 changes change NOUN crl-25778 14 33 289 289 NUM crl-25778 14 34 be be VERB crl-25778 14 35 suggestive suggestive ADJ crl-25778 14 36 of of ADP crl-25778 14 37 broader broad ADJ crl-25778 14 38 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 14 39 or or CCONJ crl-25778 14 40 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 14 41 valuable valuable ADJ crl-25778 14 42 insights insight NOUN crl-25778 14 43 into into ADP crl-25778 14 44 the the DET crl-25778 14 45 profession profession NOUN crl-25778 14 46 as as ADP crl-25778 14 47 a a DET crl-25778 14 48 whole,”5 whole,”5 NOUN crl-25778 14 49 but but CCONJ crl-25778 14 50 ultimately ultimately ADV crl-25778 14 51 this this DET crl-25778 14 52 data data NOUN crl-25778 14 53 comes come VERB crl-25778 14 54 from from ADP crl-25778 14 55 only only ADV crl-25778 14 56 approximately approximately ADV crl-25778 14 57 125 125 NUM crl-25778 14 58 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 14 59 . . PUNCT crl-25778 15 1 the the DET crl-25778 15 2 content content NOUN crl-25778 15 3 of of ADP crl-25778 15 4 acrl acrl NOUN crl-25778 15 5 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 15 6 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 15 7 library library NOUN crl-25778 15 8 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 15 9 and and CCONJ crl-25778 15 10 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25778 15 11 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 15 12 is be AUX crl-25778 15 13 more more ADV crl-25778 15 14 closely closely ADV crl-25778 15 15 aligned align VERB crl-25778 15 16 with with ADP crl-25778 15 17 the the DET crl-25778 15 18 als al NOUN crl-25778 15 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 15 20 currently currently ADV crl-25778 15 21 consisting consist VERB crl-25778 15 22 of of ADP crl-25778 15 23 the the DET crl-25778 15 24 required require VERB crl-25778 15 25 questions question NOUN crl-25778 15 26 from from ADP crl-25778 15 27 the the DET crl-25778 15 28 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 15 29 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 15 30 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 15 31 component component NOUN crl-25778 15 32 as as ADV crl-25778 15 33 well well ADV crl-25778 15 34 as as ADP crl-25778 15 35 a a DET crl-25778 15 36 section section NOUN crl-25778 15 37 on on ADP crl-25778 15 38 library library ADJ crl-25778 15 39 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 15 40 , , PUNCT crl-25778 15 41 which which PRON crl-25778 15 42 changes change VERB crl-25778 15 43 each each DET crl-25778 15 44 year year NOUN crl-25778 15 45 . . PUNCT crl-25778 16 1 the the DET crl-25778 16 2 number number NOUN crl-25778 16 3 of of ADP crl-25778 16 4 reporting reporting NOUN crl-25778 16 5 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 16 6 is be AUX crl-25778 16 7 generally generally ADV crl-25778 16 8 high high ADJ crl-25778 16 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 16 10 for for ADP crl-25778 16 11 example example NOUN crl-25778 16 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 16 13 1,672 1,672 NUM crl-25778 16 14 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 16 15 or or CCONJ crl-25778 16 16 52.1 52.1 NUM crl-25778 16 17 % % NOUN crl-25778 16 18 of of ADP crl-25778 16 19 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 16 20 . . PROPN crl-25778 16 21 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 16 22 completed complete VERB crl-25778 16 23 the the DET crl-25778 16 24 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 16 25 survey;6 survey;6 PROPN crl-25778 16 26 however however ADV crl-25778 16 27 , , PUNCT crl-25778 16 28 this this PRON crl-25778 16 29 is be AUX crl-25778 16 30 lower low ADJ crl-25778 16 31 than than ADP crl-25778 16 32 the the DET crl-25778 16 33 federally federally ADV crl-25778 16 34 mandated mandate VERB crl-25778 16 35 als al NOUN crl-25778 16 36 . . PUNCT crl-25778 17 1 users user NOUN crl-25778 17 2 previously previously ADV crl-25778 17 3 paid pay VERB crl-25778 17 4 for for ADP crl-25778 17 5 access access NOUN crl-25778 17 6 to to ADP crl-25778 17 7 the the DET crl-25778 17 8 full full ADJ crl-25778 17 9 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 17 10 results result NOUN crl-25778 17 11 by by ADP crl-25778 17 12 purchasing purchase VERB crl-25778 17 13 a a DET crl-25778 17 14 single single ADJ crl-25778 17 15 paperback paperback NOUN crl-25778 17 16 edition edition NOUN crl-25778 17 17 for for ADP crl-25778 17 18 approximately approximately ADV crl-25778 17 19 $ $ SYM crl-25778 17 20 600 600 NUM crl-25778 17 21 . . PUNCT crl-25778 18 1 now now ADV crl-25778 18 2 the the DET crl-25778 18 3 full full ADJ crl-25778 18 4 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 18 5 is be AUX crl-25778 18 6 only only ADV crl-25778 18 7 available available ADJ crl-25778 18 8 by by ADP crl-25778 18 9 subscribing subscribe VERB crl-25778 18 10 to to ADP crl-25778 18 11 the the DET crl-25778 18 12 acrl acrl PROPN crl-25778 18 13 benchmark benchmark NOUN crl-25778 18 14 tool tool NOUN crl-25778 18 15 , , PUNCT crl-25778 18 16 which which PRON crl-25778 18 17 currently currently ADV crl-25778 18 18 costs cost VERB crl-25778 18 19 anywhere anywhere ADV crl-25778 18 20 from from ADP crl-25778 18 21 $ $ SYM crl-25778 18 22 99 99 NUM crl-25778 18 23 for for ADP crl-25778 18 24 a a DET crl-25778 18 25 one one NUM crl-25778 18 26 - - PUNCT crl-25778 18 27 month month NOUN crl-25778 18 28 individual individual ADJ crl-25778 18 29 subscription subscription NOUN crl-25778 18 30 to to ADP crl-25778 18 31 $ $ SYM crl-25778 18 32 400 400 NUM crl-25778 18 33 for for ADP crl-25778 18 34 a a DET crl-25778 18 35 one one NUM crl-25778 18 36 - - PUNCT crl-25778 18 37 year year NOUN crl-25778 18 38 library library NOUN crl-25778 18 39 subscription subscription NOUN crl-25778 18 40 . . PUNCT crl-25778 19 1 independent independent ADJ crl-25778 19 2 published publish VERB crl-25778 19 3 research research NOUN crl-25778 19 4 using use VERB crl-25778 19 5 this this DET crl-25778 19 6 dataset dataset NOUN crl-25778 19 7 is be AUX crl-25778 19 8 limited limited ADJ crl-25778 19 9 . . PUNCT crl-25778 20 1 for for ADP crl-25778 20 2 example example NOUN crl-25778 20 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 20 4 fagan fagan PROPN crl-25778 20 5 used use VERB crl-25778 20 6 acrl acrl PROPN crl-25778 20 7 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 20 8 results result NOUN crl-25778 20 9 to to PART crl-25778 20 10 investigate investigate VERB crl-25778 20 11 predictors predictor NOUN crl-25778 20 12 such such ADJ crl-25778 20 13 as as ADP crl-25778 20 14 library library ADJ crl-25778 20 15 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25778 20 16 for for ADP crl-25778 20 17 full full ADJ crl-25778 20 18 - - PUNCT crl-25778 20 19 text text NOUN crl-25778 20 20 article article NOUN crl-25778 20 21 requests,7 requests,7 VERB crl-25778 20 22 while while SCONJ crl-25778 20 23 mezick mezick ADJ crl-25778 20 24 combined combine VERB crl-25778 20 25 data datum NOUN crl-25778 20 26 from from ADP crl-25778 20 27 acrl acrl PROPN crl-25778 20 28 , , PUNCT crl-25778 20 29 arl arl PROPN crl-25778 20 30 , , PUNCT crl-25778 20 31 and and CCONJ crl-25778 20 32 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 20 33 to to PART crl-25778 20 34 explore explore VERB crl-25778 20 35 the the DET crl-25778 20 36 relationship relationship NOUN crl-25778 20 37 between between ADP crl-25778 20 38 library library NOUN crl-25778 20 39 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 20 40 and and CCONJ crl-25778 20 41 library library NOUN crl-25778 20 42 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 20 43 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 20 44 with with ADP crl-25778 20 45 student student NOUN crl-25778 20 46 retention retention NOUN crl-25778 20 47 rates.8 rates.8 PROPN crl-25778 20 48 despite despite SCONJ crl-25778 20 49 including include VERB crl-25778 20 50 the the DET crl-25778 20 51 highest high ADJ crl-25778 20 52 number number NOUN crl-25778 20 53 of of ADP crl-25778 20 54 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 20 55 compared compare VERB crl-25778 20 56 to to ADP crl-25778 20 57 the the DET crl-25778 20 58 alternatives alternative NOUN crl-25778 20 59 and and CCONJ crl-25778 20 60 being be AUX crl-25778 20 61 freely freely ADV crl-25778 20 62 available available ADJ crl-25778 20 63 for for ADP crl-25778 20 64 download download NOUN crl-25778 20 65 on on ADP crl-25778 20 66 the the DET crl-25778 20 67 nces nce NOUN crl-25778 20 68 website website NOUN crl-25778 20 69 , , PUNCT crl-25778 20 70 longitudinal longitudinal ADJ crl-25778 20 71 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25778 20 72 of of ADP crl-25778 20 73 als als NOUN crl-25778 20 74 data datum NOUN crl-25778 20 75 is be AUX crl-25778 20 76 challenging challenge VERB crl-25778 20 77 due due ADJ crl-25778 20 78 to to ADP crl-25778 20 79 changes change NOUN crl-25778 20 80 in in ADP crl-25778 20 81 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 20 82 questions question NOUN crl-25778 20 83 and and CCONJ crl-25778 20 84 renaming renaming NOUN crl-25778 20 85 of of ADP crl-25778 20 86 variables variable NOUN crl-25778 20 87 over over ADP crl-25778 20 88 time time NOUN crl-25778 20 89 . . PUNCT crl-25778 21 1 numerous numerous ADJ crl-25778 21 2 studies study NOUN crl-25778 21 3 have have AUX crl-25778 21 4 explored explore VERB crl-25778 21 5 a a DET crl-25778 21 6 single single ADJ crl-25778 21 7 year year NOUN crl-25778 21 8 of of ADP crl-25778 21 9 als als NOUN crl-25778 21 10 data9 data9 PROPN crl-25778 21 11 and and CCONJ crl-25778 21 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 21 13 less less ADV crl-25778 21 14 frequently frequently ADV crl-25778 21 15 , , PUNCT crl-25778 21 16 two two NUM crl-25778 21 17 years.10 years.10 NOUN crl-25778 21 18 in in ADP crl-25778 21 19 fact fact NOUN crl-25778 21 20 , , PUNCT crl-25778 21 21 one one NUM crl-25778 21 22 of of ADP crl-25778 21 23 these these DET crl-25778 21 24 papers paper NOUN crl-25778 21 25 that that PRON crl-25778 21 26 included include VERB crl-25778 21 27 a a DET crl-25778 21 28 historical historical ADJ crl-25778 21 29 comparison comparison NOUN crl-25778 21 30 was be AUX crl-25778 21 31 an an DET crl-25778 21 32 official official ADJ crl-25778 21 33 nces nce NOUN crl-25778 21 34 report.11 report.11 VERB crl-25778 21 35 for for ADP crl-25778 21 36 example example NOUN crl-25778 21 37 , , PUNCT crl-25778 21 38 crawford12 crawford12 NOUN crl-25778 21 39 used use VERB crl-25778 21 40 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 21 41 als als NOUN crl-25778 21 42 data datum NOUN crl-25778 21 43 for for ADP crl-25778 21 44 over over ADP crl-25778 21 45 1,300 1,300 NUM crl-25778 21 46 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 21 47 to to PART crl-25778 21 48 explore explore VERB crl-25778 21 49 the the DET crl-25778 21 50 relationship relationship NOUN crl-25778 21 51 between between ADP crl-25778 21 52 library library NOUN crl-25778 21 53 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 21 54 and and CCONJ crl-25778 21 55 student student NOUN crl-25778 21 56 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25778 21 57 and and CCONJ crl-25778 21 58 found find VERB crl-25778 21 59 a a DET crl-25778 21 60 correlation correlation NOUN crl-25778 21 61 between between ADP crl-25778 21 62 library library NOUN crl-25778 21 63 expenses expense NOUN crl-25778 21 64 per per ADP crl-25778 21 65 full full ADJ crl-25778 21 66 - - PUNCT crl-25778 21 67 time time NOUN crl-25778 21 68 equivalent equivalent ADJ crl-25778 21 69 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 21 70 fte fte NOUN crl-25778 21 71 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 21 72 student student NOUN crl-25778 21 73 and and CCONJ crl-25778 21 74 graduation graduation NOUN crl-25778 21 75 and and CCONJ crl-25778 21 76 retention retention NOUN crl-25778 21 77 rates rate NOUN crl-25778 21 78 . . PUNCT crl-25778 22 1 others other NOUN crl-25778 22 2 have have AUX crl-25778 22 3 taken take VERB crl-25778 22 4 a a DET crl-25778 22 5 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 22 6 approach approach NOUN crl-25778 22 7 to to ADP crl-25778 22 8 a a DET crl-25778 22 9 single single ADJ crl-25778 22 10 year year NOUN crl-25778 22 11 of of ADP crl-25778 22 12 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 22 13 data datum NOUN crl-25778 22 14 . . PUNCT crl-25778 23 1 teske teske ADJ crl-25778 23 2 et et PROPN crl-25778 23 3 al.13 al.13 PROPN crl-25778 23 4 explored explore VERB crl-25778 23 5 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 23 6 library library NOUN crl-25778 23 7 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25778 23 8 as as ADP crl-25778 23 9 potential potential ADJ crl-25778 23 10 predictors predictor NOUN crl-25778 23 11 for for ADP crl-25778 23 12 first first ADJ crl-25778 23 13 - - PUNCT crl-25778 23 14 year year NOUN crl-25778 23 15 retention retention NOUN crl-25778 23 16 and and CCONJ crl-25778 23 17 six six NUM crl-25778 23 18 - - PUNCT crl-25778 23 19 year year NOUN crl-25778 23 20 graduation graduation NOUN crl-25778 23 21 rate rate NOUN crl-25778 23 22 specifically specifically ADV crl-25778 23 23 for for ADP crl-25778 23 24 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 23 25 within within ADP crl-25778 23 26 the the DET crl-25778 23 27 southern southern ADJ crl-25778 23 28 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 23 29 education education PROPN crl-25778 23 30 board board PROPN crl-25778 23 31 interstate interstate ADJ crl-25778 23 32 region region NOUN crl-25778 23 33 , , PUNCT crl-25778 23 34 while while SCONJ crl-25778 23 35 crawford14 crawford14 PROPN crl-25778 23 36 looked look VERB crl-25778 23 37 at at ADP crl-25778 23 38 relationships relationship NOUN crl-25778 23 39 between between ADP crl-25778 23 40 institutional institutional ADJ crl-25778 23 41 and and CCONJ crl-25778 23 42 library library ADJ crl-25778 23 43 variables variable NOUN crl-25778 23 44 for for ADP crl-25778 23 45 pennsylvania pennsylvania PROPN crl-25778 23 46 colleges college NOUN crl-25778 23 47 and and CCONJ crl-25778 23 48 universities university NOUN crl-25778 23 49 . . PUNCT crl-25778 24 1 some some DET crl-25778 24 2 researchers researcher NOUN crl-25778 24 3 have have AUX crl-25778 24 4 examined examine VERB crl-25778 24 5 three three NUM crl-25778 24 6 or or CCONJ crl-25778 24 7 more more ADJ crl-25778 24 8 years year NOUN crl-25778 24 9 of of ADP crl-25778 24 10 als als NOUN crl-25778 24 11 data datum NOUN crl-25778 24 12 in in ADP crl-25778 24 13 order order NOUN crl-25778 24 14 to to PART crl-25778 24 15 identify identify VERB crl-25778 24 16 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 24 17 or or CCONJ crl-25778 24 18 significant significant ADJ crl-25778 24 19 changes change NOUN crl-25778 24 20 in in ADP crl-25778 24 21 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 24 22 libraries;15 libraries;15 NOUN crl-25778 24 23 however however ADV crl-25778 24 24 , , PUNCT crl-25778 24 25 aside aside ADV crl-25778 24 26 from from ADP crl-25778 24 27 our our PRON crl-25778 24 28 previous previous ADJ crl-25778 24 29 study,16 study,16 NOUN crl-25778 24 30 the the DET crl-25778 24 31 most most ADV crl-25778 24 32 recent recent ADJ crl-25778 24 33 of of ADP crl-25778 24 34 these these DET crl-25778 24 35 studies study NOUN crl-25778 24 36 is be AUX crl-25778 24 37 now now ADV crl-25778 24 38 ten ten NUM crl-25778 24 39 years year NOUN crl-25778 24 40 old old ADJ crl-25778 24 41 . . PUNCT crl-25778 25 1 these these DET crl-25778 25 2 studies study NOUN crl-25778 25 3 nonetheless nonetheless ADV crl-25778 25 4 provide provide VERB crl-25778 25 5 examples example NOUN crl-25778 25 6 of of ADP crl-25778 25 7 the the DET crl-25778 25 8 richness richness NOUN crl-25778 25 9 of of ADP crl-25778 25 10 this this DET crl-25778 25 11 data datum NOUN crl-25778 25 12 and and CCONJ crl-25778 25 13 potential potential NOUN crl-25778 25 14 for for ADP crl-25778 25 15 longitudinal longitudinal ADJ crl-25778 25 16 examination examination NOUN crl-25778 25 17 . . PUNCT crl-25778 26 1 regazzi regazzi PROPN crl-25778 26 2 analyzed analyze VERB crl-25778 26 3 data datum NOUN crl-25778 26 4 on on ADP crl-25778 26 5 library library ADJ crl-25778 26 6 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 26 7 , , PUNCT crl-25778 26 8 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 26 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 26 10 and and CCONJ crl-25778 26 11 usage usage NOUN crl-25778 26 12 from from ADP crl-25778 26 13 1998 1998 NUM crl-25778 26 14 , , PUNCT crl-25778 26 15 2004 2004 NUM crl-25778 26 16 , , PUNCT crl-25778 26 17 and and CCONJ crl-25778 26 18 2008 2008 NUM crl-25778 26 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 26 20 noting note VERB crl-25778 26 21 an an DET crl-25778 26 22 increase increase NOUN crl-25778 26 23 in in ADP crl-25778 26 24 other other ADJ crl-25778 26 25 professional professional ADJ crl-25778 26 26 staff staff NOUN crl-25778 26 27 over over ADP crl-25778 26 28 this this DET crl-25778 26 29 time time NOUN crl-25778 26 30 period period NOUN crl-25778 26 31 , , PUNCT crl-25778 26 32 especially especially ADV crl-25778 26 33 among among ADP crl-25778 26 34 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-25778 26 35 research research NOUN crl-25778 26 36 institutions,17 institutions,17 NOUN crl-25778 26 37 later later ADV crl-25778 26 38 confirming confirm VERB crl-25778 26 39 these these DET crl-25778 26 40 results result NOUN crl-25778 26 41 after after ADP crl-25778 26 42 the the DET crl-25778 26 43 addition addition NOUN crl-25778 26 44 of of ADP crl-25778 26 45 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 26 46 data.18 data.18 NOUN crl-25778 26 47 in in ADP crl-25778 26 48 budd budd PROPN crl-25778 26 49 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 26 50 examination examination NOUN crl-25778 26 51 of of ADP crl-25778 26 52 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25778 26 53 on on ADP crl-25778 26 54 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 26 55 and and CCONJ crl-25778 26 56 library library NOUN crl-25778 26 57 transactions transaction NOUN crl-25778 26 58 over over ADP crl-25778 26 59 4 4 NUM crl-25778 26 60 years year NOUN crl-25778 26 61 of of ADP crl-25778 26 62 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 26 63 data datum NOUN crl-25778 26 64 between between ADP crl-25778 26 65 1998 1998 NUM crl-25778 26 66 and and CCONJ crl-25778 26 67 2008,19 2008,19 PROPN crl-25778 26 68 the the DET crl-25778 26 69 author author NOUN crl-25778 26 70 noted note VERB crl-25778 26 71 a a DET crl-25778 26 72 decline decline NOUN crl-25778 26 73 in in ADP crl-25778 26 74 library library NOUN crl-25778 26 75 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 26 76 over over ADP crl-25778 26 77 this this DET crl-25778 26 78 period period NOUN crl-25778 26 79 , , PUNCT crl-25778 26 80 but but CCONJ crl-25778 26 81 patrons patron NOUN crl-25778 26 82 nonetheless nonetheless ADV crl-25778 26 83 continued continue VERB crl-25778 26 84 to to PART crl-25778 26 85 visit visit VERB crl-25778 26 86 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 26 87 , , PUNCT crl-25778 26 88 pushing push VERB crl-25778 26 89 back back ADP crl-25778 26 90 against against ADP crl-25778 26 91 broader broad ADJ crl-25778 26 92 concerns concern NOUN crl-25778 26 93 about about ADP crl-25778 26 94 digital digital ADJ crl-25778 26 95 access access NOUN crl-25778 26 96 to to ADP crl-25778 26 97 library library NOUN crl-25778 26 98 materials material NOUN crl-25778 26 99 reducing reduce VERB crl-25778 26 100 the the DET crl-25778 26 101 importance importance NOUN crl-25778 26 102 of of ADP crl-25778 26 103 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 26 104 . . PUNCT crl-25778 27 1 lu lu PROPN crl-25778 27 2 provided provide VERB crl-25778 27 3 the the DET crl-25778 27 4 most most ADV crl-25778 27 5 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ crl-25778 27 6 look look NOUN crl-25778 27 7 at at ADP crl-25778 27 8 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 27 9 in in ADP crl-25778 27 10 united united PROPN crl-25778 27 11 states states PROPN crl-25778 27 12 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 27 13 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 27 14 for for ADP crl-25778 27 15 the the DET crl-25778 27 16 decade decade NOUN crl-25778 27 17 from from ADP crl-25778 27 18 1994–2004 1994–2004 NUM crl-25778 27 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 27 20 examining examine VERB crl-25778 27 21 changes change NOUN crl-25778 27 22 in in ADP crl-25778 27 23 library library ADJ crl-25778 27 24 services service NOUN crl-25778 27 25 and and CCONJ crl-25778 27 26 library library ADJ crl-25778 27 27 resources resource NOUN crl-25778 27 28 over over ADP crl-25778 27 29 this this DET crl-25778 27 30 time time NOUN crl-25778 27 31 period.20 period.20 PROPN crl-25778 27 32 lu lu PROPN crl-25778 27 33 noted note VERB crl-25778 27 34 a a DET crl-25778 27 35 positive positive ADJ crl-25778 27 36 trend trend NOUN crl-25778 27 37 in in ADP crl-25778 27 38 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 27 39 of of ADP crl-25778 27 40 professional professional ADJ crl-25778 27 41 library library NOUN crl-25778 27 42 staff staff NOUN crl-25778 27 43 and and CCONJ crl-25778 27 44 in in ADP crl-25778 27 45 library library ADJ crl-25778 27 46 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 27 47 in in ADP crl-25778 27 48 multiple multiple ADJ crl-25778 27 49 categories category NOUN crl-25778 27 50 , , PUNCT crl-25778 27 51 including include VERB crl-25778 27 52 salaries salary NOUN crl-25778 27 53 and and CCONJ crl-25778 27 54 wages wage VERB crl-25778 27 55 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 27 56 . . PUNCT crl-25778 28 1 while while SCONJ crl-25778 28 2 useful useful ADJ crl-25778 28 3 at at ADP crl-25778 28 4 its its PRON crl-25778 28 5 time time NOUN crl-25778 28 6 , , PUNCT crl-25778 28 7 the the DET crl-25778 28 8 data datum NOUN crl-25778 28 9 analyzed analyze VERB crl-25778 28 10 in in ADP crl-25778 28 11 this this DET crl-25778 28 12 study study NOUN crl-25778 28 13 is be AUX crl-25778 28 14 now now ADV crl-25778 28 15 nearly nearly ADV crl-25778 28 16 twenty twenty NUM crl-25778 28 17 years year NOUN crl-25778 28 18 old old ADJ crl-25778 28 19 . . PUNCT crl-25778 29 1 290 290 NUM crl-25778 29 2 college college PROPN crl-25778 29 3 & & CCONJ crl-25778 29 4 research research PROPN crl-25778 29 5 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 29 6 march march PROPN crl-25778 29 7 2024 2024 NUM crl-25778 29 8 in in ADP crl-25778 29 9 our our PRON crl-25778 29 10 previous previous ADJ crl-25778 29 11 study study NOUN crl-25778 29 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 29 13 we we PRON crl-25778 29 14 examined examine VERB crl-25778 29 15 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 29 16 and and CCONJ crl-25778 29 17 expenditure expenditure NOUN crl-25778 29 18 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 29 19 from from ADP crl-25778 29 20 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 29 21 to to ADP crl-25778 29 22 2016 2016 NUM crl-25778 29 23 by by ADP crl-25778 29 24 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 29 25 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 29 26 and and CCONJ crl-25778 29 27 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 29 28 size size NOUN crl-25778 29 29 . . PUNCT crl-25778 30 1 results result NOUN crl-25778 30 2 indicated indicate VERB crl-25778 30 3 that that SCONJ crl-25778 30 4 the the DET crl-25778 30 5 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 30 6 of of ADP crl-25778 30 7 students student NOUN crl-25778 30 8 per per ADP crl-25778 30 9 librarian librarian PROPN crl-25778 30 10 increased increase VERB crl-25778 30 11 over over ADP crl-25778 30 12 time time NOUN crl-25778 30 13 in in ADP crl-25778 30 14 each each DET crl-25778 30 15 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 30 16 and and CCONJ crl-25778 30 17 size size NOUN crl-25778 30 18 category category NOUN crl-25778 30 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 30 20 with with ADP crl-25778 30 21 baccalaureate baccalaureate NOUN crl-25778 30 22 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 30 23 having have VERB crl-25778 30 24 the the DET crl-25778 30 25 lowest low ADJ crl-25778 30 26 student student NOUN crl-25778 30 27 - - PUNCT crl-25778 30 28 librarian librarian ADJ crl-25778 30 29 ratios ratio NOUN crl-25778 30 30 . . PUNCT crl-25778 31 1 additionally additionally ADV crl-25778 31 2 , , PUNCT crl-25778 31 3 average average ADJ crl-25778 31 4 inflation inflation NOUN crl-25778 31 5 - - PUNCT crl-25778 31 6 adjusted adjust VERB crl-25778 31 7 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 31 8 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 31 9 remained remain VERB crl-25778 31 10 steady steady ADJ crl-25778 31 11 for for ADP crl-25778 31 12 master master NOUN crl-25778 31 13 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 31 14 , , PUNCT crl-25778 31 15 baccalaureate baccalaureate NOUN crl-25778 31 16 and and CCONJ crl-25778 31 17 associate associate NOUN crl-25778 31 18 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 31 19 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 31 20 , , PUNCT crl-25778 31 21 and and CCONJ crl-25778 31 22 inflation inflation NOUN crl-25778 31 23 - - PUNCT crl-25778 31 24 adjusted adjust VERB crl-25778 31 25 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 31 26 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 31 27 declined decline VERB crl-25778 31 28 across across ADP crl-25778 31 29 each each DET crl-25778 31 30 size size NOUN crl-25778 31 31 category category NOUN crl-25778 31 32 . . PUNCT crl-25778 32 1 with with ADP crl-25778 32 2 the the DET crl-25778 32 3 current current ADJ crl-25778 32 4 paper paper NOUN crl-25778 32 5 , , PUNCT crl-25778 32 6 we we PRON crl-25778 32 7 provide provide VERB crl-25778 32 8 an an DET crl-25778 32 9 updated update VERB crl-25778 32 10 look look NOUN crl-25778 32 11 at at ADP crl-25778 32 12 the the DET crl-25778 32 13 state state NOUN crl-25778 32 14 of of ADP crl-25778 32 15 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 32 16 . . PROPN crl-25778 32 17 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 32 18 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 32 19 and and CCONJ crl-25778 32 20 examine examine VERB crl-25778 32 21 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 32 22 among among ADP crl-25778 32 23 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 32 24 groupings grouping NOUN crl-25778 32 25 of of ADP crl-25778 32 26 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 32 27 . . PUNCT crl-25778 33 1 our our PRON crl-25778 33 2 aim aim NOUN crl-25778 33 3 is be AUX crl-25778 33 4 to to PART crl-25778 33 5 provide provide VERB crl-25778 33 6 a a DET crl-25778 33 7 benchmark benchmark NOUN crl-25778 33 8 reference reference NOUN crl-25778 33 9 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 33 10 providing provide VERB crl-25778 33 11 this this DET crl-25778 33 12 data datum NOUN crl-25778 33 13 stratified stratify VERB crl-25778 33 14 by by ADP crl-25778 33 15 region region NOUN crl-25778 33 16 as as ADV crl-25778 33 17 well well ADV crl-25778 33 18 as as ADP crl-25778 33 19 by by ADP crl-25778 33 20 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 33 21 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 33 22 and and CCONJ crl-25778 33 23 institutional institutional ADJ crl-25778 33 24 size size NOUN crl-25778 33 25 should should AUX crl-25778 33 26 provide provide VERB crl-25778 33 27 additional additional ADJ crl-25778 33 28 insight insight NOUN crl-25778 33 29 for for ADP crl-25778 33 30 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 33 31 library library NOUN crl-25778 33 32 leaders leader NOUN crl-25778 33 33 looking look VERB crl-25778 33 34 for for ADP crl-25778 33 35 peer peer NOUN crl-25778 33 36 comparisons comparison NOUN crl-25778 33 37 , , PUNCT crl-25778 33 38 particularly particularly ADV crl-25778 33 39 with with ADP crl-25778 33 40 respect respect NOUN crl-25778 33 41 to to ADP crl-25778 33 42 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 33 43 and and CCONJ crl-25778 33 44 budgets budget NOUN crl-25778 33 45 . . PUNCT crl-25778 34 1 we we PRON crl-25778 34 2 provide provide VERB crl-25778 34 3 commentary commentary NOUN crl-25778 34 4 throughout throughout ADP crl-25778 34 5 as as ADV crl-25778 34 6 related relate VERB crl-25778 34 7 to to ADP crl-25778 34 8 previously previously ADV crl-25778 34 9 identified identify VERB crl-25778 34 10 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 34 11 for for ADP crl-25778 34 12 the the DET crl-25778 34 13 twenty twenty NUM crl-25778 34 14 years year NOUN crl-25778 34 15 ending end VERB crl-25778 34 16 in in ADP crl-25778 34 17 2016 2016 NUM crl-25778 34 18 . . PUNCT crl-25778 35 1 method method NOUN crl-25778 35 2 we we PRON crl-25778 35 3 merged merge VERB crl-25778 35 4 publicly publicly ADV crl-25778 35 5 available available ADJ crl-25778 35 6 data datum NOUN crl-25778 35 7 from from ADP crl-25778 35 8 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 35 9 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 35 10 at at ADP crl-25778 35 11 postsecondary postsecondary ADJ crl-25778 35 12 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 35 13 in in ADP crl-25778 35 14 the the DET crl-25778 35 15 united united PROPN crl-25778 35 16 states states PROPN crl-25778 35 17 from from ADP crl-25778 35 18 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 35 19 to to ADP crl-25778 35 20 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 35 21 to to PART crl-25778 35 22 create create VERB crl-25778 35 23 a a DET crl-25778 35 24 single single ADJ crl-25778 35 25 dataset dataset NOUN crl-25778 35 26 that that PRON crl-25778 35 27 allows allow VERB crl-25778 35 28 for for ADP crl-25778 35 29 the the DET crl-25778 35 30 exploration exploration NOUN crl-25778 35 31 of of ADP crl-25778 35 32 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 35 33 over over ADP crl-25778 35 34 time time NOUN crl-25778 35 35 . . PUNCT crl-25778 36 1 data datum NOUN crl-25778 36 2 is be AUX crl-25778 36 3 collected collect VERB crl-25778 36 4 annually annually ADV crl-25778 36 5 and and CCONJ crl-25778 36 6 maintained maintain VERB crl-25778 36 7 by by ADP crl-25778 36 8 nces nce NOUN crl-25778 36 9 as as ADP crl-25778 36 10 part part NOUN crl-25778 36 11 of of ADP crl-25778 36 12 federally federally ADV crl-25778 36 13 mandated mandate VERB crl-25778 36 14 reporting reporting NOUN crl-25778 36 15 for for ADP crl-25778 36 16 all all DET crl-25778 36 17 united united PROPN crl-25778 36 18 states states PROPN crl-25778 36 19 higher high ADJ crl-25778 36 20 education education NOUN crl-25778 36 21 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 36 22 . . PUNCT crl-25778 37 1 in in ADP crl-25778 37 2 particular particular ADJ crl-25778 37 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 37 4 we we PRON crl-25778 37 5 merged merge VERB crl-25778 37 6 and and CCONJ crl-25778 37 7 cleaned clean VERB crl-25778 37 8 data datum NOUN crl-25778 37 9 from from ADP crl-25778 37 10 the the DET crl-25778 37 11 als al NOUN crl-25778 37 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 37 13 which which PRON crl-25778 37 14 includes include VERB crl-25778 37 15 questions question NOUN crl-25778 37 16 on on ADP crl-25778 37 17 library library ADJ crl-25778 37 18 staffing staffing PROPN crl-25778 37 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 37 20 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 37 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 37 22 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 37 23 , , PUNCT crl-25778 37 24 and and CCONJ crl-25778 37 25 services service NOUN crl-25778 37 26 , , PUNCT crl-25778 37 27 and and CCONJ crl-25778 37 28 additional additional ADJ crl-25778 37 29 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 37 30 surveys survey NOUN crl-25778 37 31 on on ADP crl-25778 37 32 student student NOUN crl-25778 37 33 enrollment enrollment NOUN crl-25778 37 34 , , PUNCT crl-25778 37 35 faculty faculty NOUN crl-25778 37 36 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 37 37 , , PUNCT crl-25778 37 38 and and CCONJ crl-25778 37 39 institutional institutional ADJ crl-25778 37 40 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 37 41 . . PUNCT crl-25778 38 1 part part NOUN crl-25778 38 2 of of ADP crl-25778 38 3 the the DET crl-25778 38 4 complexity complexity NOUN crl-25778 38 5 of of ADP crl-25778 38 6 analyzing analyze VERB crl-25778 38 7 this this DET crl-25778 38 8 data datum NOUN crl-25778 38 9 for for ADP crl-25778 38 10 multiple multiple ADJ crl-25778 38 11 years year NOUN crl-25778 38 12 comes come VERB crl-25778 38 13 from from ADP crl-25778 38 14 changes change NOUN crl-25778 38 15 over over ADP crl-25778 38 16 time time NOUN crl-25778 38 17 with with ADP crl-25778 38 18 the the DET crl-25778 38 19 administration administration NOUN crl-25778 38 20 of of ADP crl-25778 38 21 the the DET crl-25778 38 22 als al NOUN crl-25778 38 23 . . PUNCT crl-25778 39 1 it it PRON crl-25778 39 2 has have AUX crl-25778 39 3 also also ADV crl-25778 39 4 moved move VERB crl-25778 39 5 around around ADV crl-25778 39 6 within within ADP crl-25778 39 7 nces nce NOUN crl-25778 39 8 , , PUNCT crl-25778 39 9 from from ADP crl-25778 39 10 being be AUX crl-25778 39 11 administered administer VERB crl-25778 39 12 as as ADP crl-25778 39 13 a a DET crl-25778 39 14 separate separate ADJ crl-25778 39 15 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 39 16 to to ADP crl-25778 39 17 being be AUX crl-25778 39 18 incorporated incorporate VERB crl-25778 39 19 into into ADP crl-25778 39 20 the the DET crl-25778 39 21 integrated integrate VERB crl-25778 39 22 postsecondary postsecondary ADJ crl-25778 39 23 education education NOUN crl-25778 39 24 data data NOUN crl-25778 39 25 system system NOUN crl-25778 39 26 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 39 27 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 39 28 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 39 29 at at ADP crl-25778 39 30 different different ADJ crl-25778 39 31 times time NOUN crl-25778 39 32 since since SCONJ crl-25778 39 33 the the DET crl-25778 39 34 1960s.21 1960s.21 PROPN crl-25778 39 35 currently currently ADV crl-25778 39 36 , , PUNCT crl-25778 39 37 the the DET crl-25778 39 38 questions question NOUN crl-25778 39 39 about about ADP crl-25778 39 40 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 39 41 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 39 42 exist exist VERB crl-25778 39 43 as as SCONJ crl-25778 39 44 the the DET crl-25778 39 45 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 39 46 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 39 47 component component VERB crl-25778 39 48 in in ADP crl-25778 39 49 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 39 50 . . PUNCT crl-25778 40 1 for for ADP crl-25778 40 2 the the DET crl-25778 40 3 purposes purpose NOUN crl-25778 40 4 of of ADP crl-25778 40 5 this this DET crl-25778 40 6 paper paper NOUN crl-25778 40 7 , , PUNCT crl-25778 40 8 we we PRON crl-25778 40 9 refer refer VERB crl-25778 40 10 to to ADP crl-25778 40 11 the the DET crl-25778 40 12 various various ADJ crl-25778 40 13 iterations iteration NOUN crl-25778 40 14 of of ADP crl-25778 40 15 the the DET crl-25778 40 16 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 40 17 during during ADP crl-25778 40 18 the the DET crl-25778 40 19 time time NOUN crl-25778 40 20 period period NOUN crl-25778 40 21 studied study VERB crl-25778 40 22 as as ADP crl-25778 40 23 the the DET crl-25778 40 24 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 40 25 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 40 26 survey survey VERB crl-25778 40 27 or or CCONJ crl-25778 40 28 als al NOUN crl-25778 40 29 . . PUNCT crl-25778 41 1 the the DET crl-25778 41 2 data datum NOUN crl-25778 41 3 for for ADP crl-25778 41 4 every every DET crl-25778 41 5 second second ADJ crl-25778 41 6 year year NOUN crl-25778 41 7 from from ADP crl-25778 41 8 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 41 9 to to ADP crl-25778 41 10 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 41 11 was be AUX crl-25778 41 12 downloaded download VERB crl-25778 41 13 as as ADP crl-25778 41 14 separate separate ADJ crl-25778 41 15 files file NOUN crl-25778 41 16 for for ADP crl-25778 41 17 the the DET crl-25778 41 18 various various ADJ crl-25778 41 19 components component NOUN crl-25778 41 20 , , PUNCT crl-25778 41 21 cleaned clean VERB crl-25778 41 22 and and CCONJ crl-25778 41 23 merged merge VERB crl-25778 41 24 using use VERB crl-25778 41 25 r r NOUN crl-25778 41 26 , , PUNCT crl-25778 41 27 and and CCONJ crl-25778 41 28 imported import VERB crl-25778 41 29 into into ADP crl-25778 41 30 tableau tableau NOUN crl-25778 41 31 for for ADP crl-25778 41 32 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25778 41 33 and and CCONJ crl-25778 41 34 data datum NOUN crl-25778 41 35 visualization visualization NOUN crl-25778 41 36 . . PUNCT crl-25778 42 1 variables variable NOUN crl-25778 42 2 on on ADP crl-25778 42 3 institutional institutional ADJ crl-25778 42 4 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 42 5 , , PUNCT crl-25778 42 6 including include VERB crl-25778 42 7 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 42 8 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 42 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 42 10 zip zip NOUN crl-25778 42 11 code code NOUN crl-25778 42 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 42 13 and and CCONJ crl-25778 42 14 student student NOUN crl-25778 42 15 enrollment enrollment NOUN crl-25778 42 16 , , PUNCT crl-25778 42 17 come come VERB crl-25778 42 18 from from ADP crl-25778 42 19 the the DET crl-25778 42 20 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 42 21 human human ADJ crl-25778 42 22 resources resource NOUN crl-25778 42 23 , , PUNCT crl-25778 42 24 fall fall NOUN crl-25778 42 25 enrollment enrollment NOUN crl-25778 42 26 , , PUNCT crl-25778 42 27 and and CCONJ crl-25778 42 28 institutional institutional ADJ crl-25778 42 29 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 42 30 . . PUNCT crl-25778 43 1 the the DET crl-25778 43 2 current current ADJ crl-25778 43 3 full full ADJ crl-25778 43 4 consolidated consolidated ADJ crl-25778 43 5 dataset dataset NOUN crl-25778 43 6 includes include VERB crl-25778 43 7 81 81 NUM crl-25778 43 8 variables variable NOUN crl-25778 43 9 with with ADP crl-25778 43 10 51,699 51,699 NUM crl-25778 43 11 observations.22 observations.22 NOUN crl-25778 43 12 the the DET crl-25778 43 13 data datum NOUN crl-25778 43 14 has have AUX crl-25778 43 15 been be AUX crl-25778 43 16 filtered filter VERB crl-25778 43 17 for for ADP crl-25778 43 18 the the DET crl-25778 43 19 current current ADJ crl-25778 43 20 study study NOUN crl-25778 43 21 to to PART crl-25778 43 22 limit limit VERB crl-25778 43 23 it it PRON crl-25778 43 24 to to PART crl-25778 43 25 title title VERB crl-25778 43 26 iv iv NUM crl-25778 43 27 - - PUNCT crl-25778 43 28 eligible eligible ADJ crl-25778 43 29 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 43 30 i.e. i.e. X crl-25778 43 31 , , PUNCT crl-25778 43 32 federal federal ADJ crl-25778 43 33 financial financial ADJ crl-25778 43 34 aid aid NOUN crl-25778 43 35 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 43 36 , , PUNCT crl-25778 43 37 degree degree NOUN crl-25778 43 38 - - PUNCT crl-25778 43 39 granting grant VERB crl-25778 43 40 postsecondary postsecondary ADJ crl-25778 43 41 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 43 42 reporting report VERB crl-25778 43 43 10,000 10,000 NUM crl-25778 43 44 usd usd NOUN crl-25778 43 45 or or CCONJ crl-25778 43 46 more more ADJ crl-25778 43 47 in in ADP crl-25778 43 48 overall overall ADJ crl-25778 43 49 library library ADJ crl-25778 43 50 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 43 51 . . PUNCT crl-25778 44 1 private private ADJ crl-25778 44 2 , , PUNCT crl-25778 44 3 for for ADP crl-25778 44 4 - - PUNCT crl-25778 44 5 profit profit NOUN crl-25778 44 6 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 44 7 were be AUX crl-25778 44 8 excluded exclude VERB crl-25778 44 9 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 44 10 n n NOUN crl-25778 44 11 = = SYM crl-25778 44 12 1,861 1,861 NUM crl-25778 44 13 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 44 14 , , PUNCT crl-25778 44 15 as as SCONJ crl-25778 44 16 were be AUX crl-25778 44 17 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 44 18 outside outside ADP crl-25778 44 19 of of ADP crl-25778 44 20 the the DET crl-25778 44 21 regions region NOUN crl-25778 44 22 noted note VERB crl-25778 44 23 below below ADV crl-25778 44 24 , , PUNCT crl-25778 44 25 i.e. i.e. X crl-25778 44 26 , , PUNCT crl-25778 44 27 from from ADP crl-25778 44 28 outlying outlying ADJ crl-25778 44 29 areas area NOUN crl-25778 44 30 and and CCONJ crl-25778 44 31 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 44 32 . . PROPN crl-25778 44 33 service service NOUN crl-25778 44 34 schools school NOUN crl-25778 44 35 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 44 36 n n NOUN crl-25778 44 37 = = SYM crl-25778 44 38 130 130 NUM crl-25778 44 39 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 44 40 . . PUNCT crl-25778 45 1 the the DET crl-25778 45 2 number number NOUN crl-25778 45 3 of of ADP crl-25778 45 4 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 45 5 varies vary VERB crl-25778 45 6 from from ADP crl-25778 45 7 year year NOUN crl-25778 45 8 to to ADP crl-25778 45 9 year year NOUN crl-25778 45 10 , , PUNCT crl-25778 45 11 and and CCONJ crl-25778 45 12 this this DET crl-25778 45 13 number number NOUN crl-25778 45 14 consists consist VERB crl-25778 45 15 of of ADP crl-25778 45 16 different different ADJ crl-25778 45 17 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 45 18 at at ADP crl-25778 45 19 different different ADJ crl-25778 45 20 points point NOUN crl-25778 45 21 as as SCONJ crl-25778 45 22 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 45 23 fail fail VERB crl-25778 45 24 to to PART crl-25778 45 25 report report VERB crl-25778 45 26 or or CCONJ crl-25778 45 27 experience experience VERB crl-25778 45 28 changes change NOUN crl-25778 45 29 in in ADP crl-25778 45 30 library library NOUN crl-25778 45 31 and and CCONJ crl-25778 45 32 institutional institutional ADJ crl-25778 45 33 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 45 34 . . PUNCT crl-25778 46 1 the the DET crl-25778 46 2 refined refine VERB crl-25778 46 3 dataset dataset NOUN crl-25778 46 4 examined examine VERB crl-25778 46 5 here here ADV crl-25778 46 6 includes include VERB crl-25778 46 7 data datum NOUN crl-25778 46 8 across across ADP crl-25778 46 9 all all DET crl-25778 46 10 years year NOUN crl-25778 46 11 for for ADP crl-25778 46 12 2,555 2,555 NUM crl-25778 46 13 unique unique ADJ crl-25778 46 14 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 46 15 and and CCONJ crl-25778 46 16 overall overall ADJ crl-25778 46 17 includes include VERB crl-25778 46 18 4,104 4,104 NUM crl-25778 46 19 unique unique ADJ crl-25778 46 20 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 46 21 across across ADP crl-25778 46 22 the the DET crl-25778 46 23 50 50 NUM crl-25778 46 24 states state NOUN crl-25778 46 25 and and CCONJ crl-25778 46 26 district district NOUN crl-25778 46 27 of of ADP crl-25778 46 28 columbia columbia PROPN crl-25778 46 29 . . PUNCT crl-25778 47 1 each each DET crl-25778 47 2 year year NOUN crl-25778 47 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 47 4 data datum NOUN crl-25778 47 5 is be AUX crl-25778 47 6 submitted submit VERB crl-25778 47 7 the the DET crl-25778 47 8 following following ADJ crl-25778 47 9 winter winter NOUN crl-25778 47 10 for for ADP crl-25778 47 11 the the DET crl-25778 47 12 previous previous ADJ crl-25778 47 13 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 47 14 year year NOUN crl-25778 47 15 ending end VERB crl-25778 47 16 on on ADP crl-25778 47 17 june june PROPN crl-25778 47 18 30 30 NUM crl-25778 47 19 . . PUNCT crl-25778 48 1 for for ADP crl-25778 48 2 example example NOUN crl-25778 48 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 48 4 the the DET crl-25778 48 5 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 48 6 data datum NOUN crl-25778 48 7 included include VERB crl-25778 48 8 here here ADV crl-25778 48 9 is be AUX crl-25778 48 10 for for ADP crl-25778 48 11 the the DET crl-25778 48 12 2019–2020 2019–2020 NUM crl-25778 48 13 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 48 14 year year NOUN crl-25778 48 15 , , PUNCT crl-25778 48 16 providing provide VERB crl-25778 48 17 a a DET crl-25778 48 18 snapshot snapshot NOUN crl-25778 48 19 as as ADP crl-25778 48 20 of of ADP crl-25778 48 21 the the DET crl-25778 48 22 end end NOUN crl-25778 48 23 of of ADP crl-25778 48 24 june june PROPN crl-25778 48 25 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 48 26 . . PUNCT crl-25778 49 1 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 49 2 of of ADP crl-25778 49 3 united united PROPN crl-25778 49 4 states states PROPN crl-25778 49 5 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 49 6 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 49 7 in in ADP crl-25778 49 8 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 49 9 and and CCONJ crl-25778 49 10 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 49 11 changes change NOUN crl-25778 49 12 291 291 NUM crl-25778 49 13 institutional institutional ADJ crl-25778 49 14 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 49 15 examined examine VERB crl-25778 49 16 here here ADV crl-25778 49 17 include include VERB crl-25778 49 18 region region NOUN crl-25778 49 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 49 20 control control NOUN crl-25778 49 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 49 22 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 49 23 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 49 24 , , PUNCT crl-25778 49 25 urban urban ADJ crl-25778 49 26 - - PUNCT crl-25778 49 27 rural rural ADJ crl-25778 49 28 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 49 29 , , PUNCT crl-25778 49 30 and and CCONJ crl-25778 49 31 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 49 32 size size NOUN crl-25778 49 33 , , PUNCT crl-25778 49 34 as as ADV crl-25778 49 35 well well ADV crl-25778 49 36 library library NOUN crl-25778 49 37 - - PUNCT crl-25778 49 38 specific specific ADJ crl-25778 49 39 data datum NOUN crl-25778 49 40 on on ADP crl-25778 49 41 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 49 42 of of ADP crl-25778 49 43 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 49 44 and and CCONJ crl-25778 49 45 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 49 46 . . PUNCT crl-25778 50 1 each each PRON crl-25778 50 2 of of ADP crl-25778 50 3 these these PRON crl-25778 50 4 are be AUX crl-25778 50 5 self self NOUN crl-25778 50 6 - - PUNCT crl-25778 50 7 reported report VERB crl-25778 50 8 by by ADP crl-25778 50 9 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 50 10 completing complete VERB crl-25778 50 11 the the DET crl-25778 50 12 relevant relevant ADJ crl-25778 50 13 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 50 14 . . PUNCT crl-25778 51 1 for for ADP crl-25778 51 2 region region NOUN crl-25778 51 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 51 4 designations designation NOUN crl-25778 51 5 are be AUX crl-25778 51 6 described describe VERB crl-25778 51 7 in in ADP crl-25778 51 8 more more ADJ crl-25778 51 9 detail detail NOUN crl-25778 51 10 below below ADV crl-25778 51 11 . . PUNCT crl-25778 52 1 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 52 2 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 52 3 refers refer VERB crl-25778 52 4 to to ADP crl-25778 52 5 the the DET crl-25778 52 6 2000 2000 NUM crl-25778 52 7 edition edition NOUN crl-25778 52 8 of of ADP crl-25778 52 9 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 52 10 classifications classification NOUN crl-25778 52 11 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 52 12 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 52 13 , , PUNCT crl-25778 52 14 2001 2001 NUM crl-25778 52 15 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 52 16 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 52 17 values value NOUN crl-25778 52 18 from from ADP crl-25778 52 19 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 52 20 , , PUNCT crl-25778 52 21 1998 1998 NUM crl-25778 52 22 , , PUNCT crl-25778 52 23 and and CCONJ crl-25778 52 24 2000 2000 NUM crl-25778 52 25 were be AUX crl-25778 52 26 converted convert VERB crl-25778 52 27 to to ADP crl-25778 52 28 the the DET crl-25778 52 29 comparable comparable ADJ crl-25778 52 30 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 52 31 2000 2000 NUM crl-25778 52 32 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 52 33 . . PUNCT crl-25778 53 1 for for ADP crl-25778 53 2 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 53 3 size size NOUN crl-25778 53 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 53 5 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 53 6 were be AUX crl-25778 53 7 assigned assign VERB crl-25778 53 8 to to ADP crl-25778 53 9 five five NUM crl-25778 53 10 size size NOUN crl-25778 53 11 categories category NOUN crl-25778 53 12 based base VERB crl-25778 53 13 on on ADP crl-25778 53 14 total total ADJ crl-25778 53 15 fte fte NOUN crl-25778 53 16 fall fall NOUN crl-25778 53 17 student student NOUN crl-25778 53 18 enrollment enrollment NOUN crl-25778 53 19 . . PUNCT crl-25778 54 1 all all DET crl-25778 54 2 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 54 3 are be AUX crl-25778 54 4 adjusted adjust VERB crl-25778 54 5 to to ADP crl-25778 54 6 their their PRON crl-25778 54 7 equivalent equivalent NOUN crl-25778 54 8 in in ADP crl-25778 54 9 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 54 10 usd usd NOUN crl-25778 54 11 using use VERB crl-25778 54 12 values value NOUN crl-25778 54 13 from from ADP crl-25778 54 14 the the DET crl-25778 54 15 united united PROPN crl-25778 54 16 states states PROPN crl-25778 54 17 consumer consumer NOUN crl-25778 54 18 price price NOUN crl-25778 54 19 index.23 index.23 VERB crl-25778 54 20 the the DET crl-25778 54 21 variable variable ADJ crl-25778 54 22 urban urban ADJ crl-25778 54 23 - - PUNCT crl-25778 54 24 rural rural ADJ crl-25778 54 25 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 54 26 consists consist VERB crl-25778 54 27 of of ADP crl-25778 54 28 four four NUM crl-25778 54 29 possible possible ADJ crl-25778 54 30 values value NOUN crl-25778 54 31 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 54 32 rural rural ADJ crl-25778 54 33 , , PUNCT crl-25778 54 34 suburb suburb NOUN crl-25778 54 35 , , PUNCT crl-25778 54 36 town town NOUN crl-25778 54 37 , , PUNCT crl-25778 54 38 and and CCONJ crl-25778 54 39 city city NOUN crl-25778 54 40 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 54 41 and and CCONJ crl-25778 54 42 is be AUX crl-25778 54 43 assigned assign VERB crl-25778 54 44 by by ADP crl-25778 54 45 nces nce NOUN crl-25778 54 46 based base VERB crl-25778 54 47 on on ADP crl-25778 54 48 a a DET crl-25778 54 49 combination combination NOUN crl-25778 54 50 of of ADP crl-25778 54 51 population population NOUN crl-25778 54 52 size size NOUN crl-25778 54 53 and and CCONJ crl-25778 54 54 proximity proximity NOUN crl-25778 54 55 to to ADP crl-25778 54 56 populated populate VERB crl-25778 54 57 areas.24 areas.24 NOUN crl-25778 54 58 for for ADP crl-25778 54 59 the the DET crl-25778 54 60 longitudinal longitudinal ADJ crl-25778 54 61 data datum NOUN crl-25778 54 62 , , PUNCT crl-25778 54 63 it it PRON crl-25778 54 64 is be AUX crl-25778 54 65 important important ADJ crl-25778 54 66 to to PART crl-25778 54 67 note note VERB crl-25778 54 68 the the DET crl-25778 54 69 variation variation NOUN crl-25778 54 70 in in ADP crl-25778 54 71 specific specific ADJ crl-25778 54 72 reporting reporting NOUN crl-25778 54 73 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 54 74 in in ADP crl-25778 54 75 different different ADJ crl-25778 54 76 years year NOUN crl-25778 54 77 . . PUNCT crl-25778 55 1 for for ADP crl-25778 55 2 the the DET crl-25778 55 3 current current ADJ crl-25778 55 4 examination examination NOUN crl-25778 55 5 , , PUNCT crl-25778 55 6 we we PRON crl-25778 55 7 have have AUX crl-25778 55 8 assigned assign VERB crl-25778 55 9 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 55 10 to to ADP crl-25778 55 11 one one NUM crl-25778 55 12 of of ADP crl-25778 55 13 four four NUM crl-25778 55 14 regions region NOUN crl-25778 55 15 based base VERB crl-25778 55 16 on on ADP crl-25778 55 17 their their PRON crl-25778 55 18 location location NOUN crl-25778 55 19 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 55 20 central central ADJ crl-25778 55 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 55 22 northeast northeast ADJ crl-25778 55 23 , , PUNCT crl-25778 55 24 southeast southeast ADJ crl-25778 55 25 , , PUNCT crl-25778 55 26 and and CCONJ crl-25778 55 27 west west NOUN crl-25778 55 28 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 55 29 . . PUNCT crl-25778 56 1 within within ADP crl-25778 56 2 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 56 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 56 4 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 56 5 are be AUX crl-25778 56 6 assigned assign VERB crl-25778 56 7 to to ADP crl-25778 56 8 one one NUM crl-25778 56 9 of of ADP crl-25778 56 10 ten ten NUM crl-25778 56 11 regions region NOUN crl-25778 56 12 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 56 13 we we PRON crl-25778 56 14 excluded exclude VERB crl-25778 56 15 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 56 16 . . PROPN crl-25778 56 17 service service NOUN crl-25778 56 18 academies academy NOUN crl-25778 56 19 and and CCONJ crl-25778 56 20 other other ADJ crl-25778 56 21 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 56 22 . . PROPN crl-25778 56 23 jurisdictions jurisdiction NOUN crl-25778 56 24 , , PUNCT crl-25778 56 25 and and CCONJ crl-25778 56 26 further far ADV crl-25778 56 27 combined combine VERB crl-25778 56 28 the the DET crl-25778 56 29 remaining remain VERB crl-25778 56 30 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 56 31 regions region NOUN crl-25778 56 32 into into ADP crl-25778 56 33 four four NUM crl-25778 56 34 larger large ADJ crl-25778 56 35 regions region NOUN crl-25778 56 36 of of ADP crl-25778 56 37 comparable comparable ADJ crl-25778 56 38 size size NOUN crl-25778 56 39 for for ADP crl-25778 56 40 the the DET crl-25778 56 41 purposes purpose NOUN crl-25778 56 42 of of ADP crl-25778 56 43 comparison comparison NOUN crl-25778 56 44 in in ADP crl-25778 56 45 this this DET crl-25778 56 46 study study NOUN crl-25778 56 47 . . PUNCT crl-25778 57 1 the the DET crl-25778 57 2 central central ADJ crl-25778 57 3 region region NOUN crl-25778 57 4 consists consist VERB crl-25778 57 5 of of ADP crl-25778 57 6 illinois illinois PROPN crl-25778 57 7 , , PUNCT crl-25778 57 8 indiana indiana PROPN crl-25778 57 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 57 10 iowa iowa PROPN crl-25778 57 11 , , PUNCT crl-25778 57 12 kansas kansas PROPN crl-25778 57 13 , , PUNCT crl-25778 57 14 michigan michigan PROPN crl-25778 57 15 , , PUNCT crl-25778 57 16 minnesota minnesota PROPN crl-25778 57 17 , , PUNCT crl-25778 57 18 missouri missouri PROPN crl-25778 57 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 57 20 nebraska nebraska PROPN crl-25778 57 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 57 22 north north NOUN crl-25778 57 23 dakota dakota PROPN crl-25778 57 24 , , PUNCT crl-25778 57 25 ohio ohio PROPN crl-25778 57 26 , , PUNCT crl-25778 57 27 south south PROPN crl-25778 57 28 dakota dakota PROPN crl-25778 57 29 , , PUNCT crl-25778 57 30 and and CCONJ crl-25778 57 31 wisconsin wisconsin PROPN crl-25778 57 32 . . PUNCT crl-25778 58 1 the the DET crl-25778 58 2 northeast northeast ADJ crl-25778 58 3 region region NOUN crl-25778 58 4 consists consist VERB crl-25778 58 5 of of ADP crl-25778 58 6 connecticut connecticut PROPN crl-25778 58 7 , , PUNCT crl-25778 58 8 delaware delaware PROPN crl-25778 58 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 58 10 the the DET crl-25778 58 11 district district NOUN crl-25778 58 12 of of ADP crl-25778 58 13 columbia columbia PROPN crl-25778 58 14 , , PUNCT crl-25778 58 15 maine maine PROPN crl-25778 58 16 , , PUNCT crl-25778 58 17 maryland maryland PROPN crl-25778 58 18 , , PUNCT crl-25778 58 19 massachusetts massachusetts PROPN crl-25778 58 20 , , PUNCT crl-25778 58 21 new new PROPN crl-25778 58 22 hampshire hampshire PROPN crl-25778 58 23 , , PUNCT crl-25778 58 24 new new PROPN crl-25778 58 25 jersey jersey PROPN crl-25778 58 26 , , PUNCT crl-25778 58 27 new new PROPN crl-25778 58 28 york york PROPN crl-25778 58 29 , , PUNCT crl-25778 58 30 pennsylvania pennsylvania PROPN crl-25778 58 31 , , PUNCT crl-25778 58 32 rhode rhode NOUN crl-25778 58 33 island island NOUN crl-25778 58 34 , , PUNCT crl-25778 58 35 and and CCONJ crl-25778 58 36 vermont vermont PROPN crl-25778 58 37 . . PUNCT crl-25778 59 1 the the DET crl-25778 59 2 southeast southeast ADJ crl-25778 59 3 region region NOUN crl-25778 59 4 consists consist VERB crl-25778 59 5 of of ADP crl-25778 59 6 alabama alabama PROPN crl-25778 59 7 , , PUNCT crl-25778 59 8 arkansas arkansas PROPN crl-25778 59 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 59 10 florida florida PROPN crl-25778 59 11 , , PUNCT crl-25778 59 12 georgia georgia PROPN crl-25778 59 13 , , PUNCT crl-25778 59 14 kentucky kentucky PROPN crl-25778 59 15 , , PUNCT crl-25778 59 16 louisiana louisiana PROPN crl-25778 59 17 , , PUNCT crl-25778 59 18 mississippi mississippi PROPN crl-25778 59 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 59 20 north north PROPN crl-25778 59 21 carolina carolina PROPN crl-25778 59 22 , , PUNCT crl-25778 59 23 south south PROPN crl-25778 59 24 carolina carolina PROPN crl-25778 59 25 , , PUNCT crl-25778 59 26 tennessee tennessee PROPN crl-25778 59 27 , , PUNCT crl-25778 59 28 virginia virginia PROPN crl-25778 59 29 , , PUNCT crl-25778 59 30 and and CCONJ crl-25778 59 31 west west PROPN crl-25778 59 32 virginia virginia PROPN crl-25778 59 33 . . PUNCT crl-25778 60 1 the the DET crl-25778 60 2 west west PROPN crl-25778 60 3 region region PROPN crl-25778 60 4 consists consist VERB crl-25778 60 5 of of ADP crl-25778 60 6 alaska alaska PROPN crl-25778 60 7 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 8 arizona arizona PROPN crl-25778 60 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 10 california california PROPN crl-25778 60 11 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 12 colorado colorado PROPN crl-25778 60 13 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 14 hawaii hawaii PROPN crl-25778 60 15 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 16 idaho idaho PROPN crl-25778 60 17 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 18 montana montana PROPN crl-25778 60 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 20 nevada nevada PROPN crl-25778 60 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 22 new new PROPN crl-25778 60 23 mexico mexico PROPN crl-25778 60 24 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 25 oklahoma oklahoma PROPN crl-25778 60 26 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 27 oregon oregon PROPN crl-25778 60 28 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 29 texas texas PROPN crl-25778 60 30 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 31 utah utah PROPN crl-25778 60 32 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 33 washington washington PROPN crl-25778 60 34 , , PUNCT crl-25778 60 35 and and CCONJ crl-25778 60 36 wyoming wyoming PROPN crl-25778 60 37 . . PUNCT crl-25778 61 1 results result NOUN crl-25778 61 2 and and CCONJ crl-25778 61 3 discussion discussion NOUN crl-25778 61 4 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 61 5 of of ADP crl-25778 61 6 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 61 7 . . PROPN crl-25778 61 8 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 61 9 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 61 10 and and CCONJ crl-25778 61 11 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 61 12 with with ADP crl-25778 61 13 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 61 14 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 61 15 in in ADP crl-25778 61 16 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 61 17 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 61 18 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 61 19 of of ADP crl-25778 61 20 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 61 21 . . PROPN crl-25778 61 22 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 61 23 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 61 24 in in ADP crl-25778 61 25 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 61 26 are be AUX crl-25778 61 27 provided provide VERB crl-25778 61 28 in in ADP crl-25778 61 29 detail detail NOUN crl-25778 61 30 in in ADP crl-25778 61 31 table table NOUN crl-25778 61 32 1 1 NUM crl-25778 61 33 and and CCONJ crl-25778 61 34 represented represent VERB crl-25778 61 35 in in ADP crl-25778 61 36 map map NOUN crl-25778 61 37 form form NOUN crl-25778 61 38 in in ADP crl-25778 61 39 figures figure NOUN crl-25778 61 40 1 1 NUM crl-25778 61 41 through through ADP crl-25778 61 42 5 5 NUM crl-25778 61 43 . . PUNCT crl-25778 61 44 while while SCONJ crl-25778 61 45 the the DET crl-25778 61 46 four four NUM crl-25778 61 47 regions region NOUN crl-25778 61 48 are be AUX crl-25778 61 49 similar similar ADJ crl-25778 61 50 in in ADP crl-25778 61 51 total total ADJ crl-25778 61 52 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 61 53 of of ADP crl-25778 61 54 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 61 55 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 61 56 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 61 57 central=553 central=553 PROPN crl-25778 61 58 , , PUNCT crl-25778 61 59 northeast=517 northeast=517 PROPN crl-25778 61 60 , , PUNCT crl-25778 61 61 southeast=587 southeast=587 PROPN crl-25778 61 62 , , PUNCT crl-25778 61 63 west=550 west=550 INTJ crl-25778 61 64 , , PUNCT crl-25778 61 65 table table NOUN crl-25778 61 66 1 1 NUM crl-25778 61 67 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 61 68 , , PUNCT crl-25778 61 69 the the DET crl-25778 61 70 map map NOUN crl-25778 61 71 in in ADP crl-25778 61 72 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 61 73 1 1 NUM crl-25778 61 74 indicates indicate VERB crl-25778 61 75 that that SCONJ crl-25778 61 76 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 61 77 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 61 78 are be AUX crl-25778 61 79 , , PUNCT crl-25778 61 80 unsurprisingly unsurprisingly ADV crl-25778 61 81 , , PUNCT crl-25778 61 82 much much ADV crl-25778 61 83 more more ADJ crl-25778 61 84 spread spread VERB crl-25778 61 85 out out ADP crl-25778 61 86 in in ADP crl-25778 61 87 the the DET crl-25778 61 88 western western ADJ crl-25778 61 89 part part NOUN crl-25778 61 90 of of ADP crl-25778 61 91 the the DET crl-25778 61 92 country country NOUN crl-25778 61 93 . . PUNCT crl-25778 62 1 comparisons comparison NOUN crl-25778 62 2 between between ADP crl-25778 62 3 regions region NOUN crl-25778 62 4 can can AUX crl-25778 62 5 also also ADV crl-25778 62 6 be be AUX crl-25778 62 7 seen see VERB crl-25778 62 8 in in ADP crl-25778 62 9 figures figure NOUN crl-25778 62 10 6 6 NUM crl-25778 62 11 through through ADP crl-25778 62 12 9 9 NUM crl-25778 62 13 , , PUNCT crl-25778 62 14 which which PRON crl-25778 62 15 include include VERB crl-25778 62 16 results result NOUN crl-25778 62 17 for for ADP crl-25778 62 18 each each DET crl-25778 62 19 region region NOUN crl-25778 62 20 as as ADP crl-25778 62 21 a a DET crl-25778 62 22 percentage percentage NOUN crl-25778 62 23 . . PUNCT crl-25778 63 1 for for ADP crl-25778 63 2 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 63 3 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 63 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 63 5 for for ADP crl-25778 63 6 example example NOUN crl-25778 63 7 , , PUNCT crl-25778 63 8 the the DET crl-25778 63 9 central central ADJ crl-25778 63 10 region region NOUN crl-25778 63 11 has have VERB crl-25778 63 12 a a DET crl-25778 63 13 total total NOUN crl-25778 63 14 of of ADP crl-25778 63 15 553 553 NUM crl-25778 63 16 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 63 17 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 63 18 , , PUNCT crl-25778 63 19 of of ADP crl-25778 63 20 which which PRON crl-25778 63 21 36.9 36.9 NUM crl-25778 63 22 % % NOUN crl-25778 63 23 are be AUX crl-25778 63 24 at at ADP crl-25778 63 25 associate associate NOUN crl-25778 63 26 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 63 27 colleges college NOUN crl-25778 63 28 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 63 29 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 63 30 6 6 NUM crl-25778 63 31 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 63 32 . . PUNCT crl-25778 64 1 the the DET crl-25778 64 2 southeast southeast NOUN crl-25778 64 3 and and CCONJ crl-25778 64 4 west west NOUN crl-25778 64 5 have have VERB crl-25778 64 6 higher high ADJ crl-25778 64 7 concentrations concentration NOUN crl-25778 64 8 of of ADP crl-25778 64 9 associate associate NOUN crl-25778 64 10 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 64 11 colleges college NOUN crl-25778 64 12 with with ADP crl-25778 64 13 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 64 14 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 64 15 than than ADP crl-25778 64 16 the the DET crl-25778 64 17 other other ADJ crl-25778 64 18 regions region NOUN crl-25778 64 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 64 20 with with ADP crl-25778 64 21 42.8 42.8 NUM crl-25778 64 22 % % NOUN crl-25778 64 23 and and CCONJ crl-25778 64 24 53.8 53.8 NUM crl-25778 64 25 % % NOUN crl-25778 64 26 associate associate NOUN crl-25778 64 27 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 64 28 colleges college NOUN crl-25778 64 29 as as ADP crl-25778 64 30 compared compare VERB crl-25778 64 31 to to ADP crl-25778 64 32 the the DET crl-25778 64 33 central central ADJ crl-25778 64 34 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 64 35 36.9 36.9 NUM crl-25778 64 36 % % NOUN crl-25778 64 37 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 64 38 and and CCONJ crl-25778 64 39 northeast northeast ADV crl-25778 64 40 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 64 41 30.4 30.4 NUM crl-25778 64 42 % % NOUN crl-25778 64 43 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 64 44 . . PUNCT crl-25778 65 1 the the DET crl-25778 65 2 west west NOUN crl-25778 65 3 is be AUX crl-25778 65 4 an an DET crl-25778 65 5 outlier outlier NOUN crl-25778 65 6 in in ADP crl-25778 65 7 percentage percentage NOUN crl-25778 65 8 of of ADP crl-25778 65 9 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 65 10 at at ADP crl-25778 65 11 bachelor bachelor NOUN crl-25778 65 12 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 65 13 colleges college NOUN crl-25778 65 14 in in ADP crl-25778 65 15 only only ADV crl-25778 65 16 11.1 11.1 NUM crl-25778 65 17 % % NOUN crl-25778 65 18 of of ADP crl-25778 65 19 the the DET crl-25778 65 20 region region NOUN crl-25778 65 21 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 65 22 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 65 23 , , PUNCT crl-25778 65 24 whereas whereas SCONJ crl-25778 65 25 all all DET crl-25778 65 26 other other ADJ crl-25778 65 27 regions region NOUN crl-25778 65 28 have have VERB crl-25778 65 29 approximately approximately ADV crl-25778 65 30 a a DET crl-25778 65 31 quarter quarter NOUN crl-25778 65 32 . . PUNCT crl-25778 66 1 instead instead ADV crl-25778 66 2 , , PUNCT crl-25778 66 3 the the DET crl-25778 66 4 west west NOUN crl-25778 66 5 has have VERB crl-25778 66 6 the the DET crl-25778 66 7 largest large ADJ crl-25778 66 8 number number NOUN crl-25778 66 9 and and CCONJ crl-25778 66 10 percentage percentage NOUN crl-25778 66 11 of of ADP crl-25778 66 12 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 66 13 at at ADP crl-25778 66 14 associate associate ADJ crl-25778 66 15 colleges college NOUN crl-25778 66 16 of of ADP crl-25778 66 17 any any DET crl-25778 66 18 region region NOUN crl-25778 66 19 . . PUNCT crl-25778 67 1 while while SCONJ crl-25778 67 2 all all DET crl-25778 67 3 regions region NOUN crl-25778 67 4 are be AUX crl-25778 67 5 similar similar ADJ crl-25778 67 6 in in SCONJ crl-25778 67 7 that that SCONJ crl-25778 67 8 they they PRON crl-25778 67 9 have have VERB crl-25778 67 10 the the DET crl-25778 67 11 lowest low ADJ crl-25778 67 12 percent percent NOUN crl-25778 67 13 share share NOUN crl-25778 67 14 going go VERB crl-25778 67 15 to to PART crl-25778 67 16 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-25778 67 17 / / SYM crl-25778 67 18 research research NOUN crl-25778 67 19 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 67 20 , , PUNCT crl-25778 67 21 the the DET crl-25778 67 22 northeast northeast ADJ crl-25778 67 23 and and CCONJ crl-25778 67 24 west west ADJ crl-25778 67 25 regions region NOUN crl-25778 67 26 have have VERB crl-25778 67 27 distinctly distinctly ADV crl-25778 67 28 higher high ADJ crl-25778 67 29 percentages percentage NOUN crl-25778 67 30 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 67 31 northeast=13.7 northeast=13.7 NOUN crl-25778 67 32 % % NOUN crl-25778 67 33 , , PUNCT crl-25778 67 34 west=12.4 west=12.4 PROPN crl-25778 67 35 % % NOUN crl-25778 67 36 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 67 37 compared compare VERB crl-25778 67 38 to to ADP crl-25778 67 39 the the DET crl-25778 67 40 central central ADJ crl-25778 67 41 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 67 42 10.7 10.7 NUM crl-25778 67 43 % % NOUN crl-25778 67 44 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 67 45 and and CCONJ crl-25778 67 46 southeast southeast NOUN crl-25778 67 47 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 67 48 9.4 9.4 NUM crl-25778 67 49 % % NOUN crl-25778 67 50 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 67 51 regions region NOUN crl-25778 67 52 . . PUNCT crl-25778 68 1 292 292 NUM crl-25778 68 2 college college PROPN crl-25778 68 3 & & CCONJ crl-25778 68 4 research research PROPN crl-25778 68 5 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 68 6 march march PROPN crl-25778 68 7 2024 2024 NUM crl-25778 68 8 regions region NOUN crl-25778 68 9 also also ADV crl-25778 68 10 show show VERB crl-25778 68 11 differences difference NOUN crl-25778 68 12 in in ADP crl-25778 68 13 institutional institutional ADJ crl-25778 68 14 control control NOUN crl-25778 68 15 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 68 16 the the DET crl-25778 68 17 southeast southeast NOUN crl-25778 68 18 and and CCONJ crl-25778 68 19 west west NOUN crl-25778 68 20 have have VERB crl-25778 68 21 more more ADJ crl-25778 68 22 public public ADJ crl-25778 68 23 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 68 24 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 68 25 southeast=64.6 southeast=64.6 NOUN crl-25778 68 26 % % NOUN crl-25778 68 27 , , PUNCT crl-25778 68 28 west=76.4 west=76.4 PROPN crl-25778 68 29 % % NOUN crl-25778 68 30 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 68 31 , , PUNCT crl-25778 68 32 while while SCONJ crl-25778 68 33 central central ADJ crl-25778 68 34 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 68 35 56.4 56.4 NUM crl-25778 68 36 % % NOUN crl-25778 68 37 public public NOUN crl-25778 68 38 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 68 39 and and CCONJ crl-25778 68 40 northeast northeast ADV crl-25778 68 41 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 68 42 46.6 46.6 NUM crl-25778 68 43 % % NOUN crl-25778 68 44 public public NOUN crl-25778 68 45 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 68 46 are be AUX crl-25778 68 47 more more ADV crl-25778 68 48 evenly evenly ADV crl-25778 68 49 split split NOUN crl-25778 68 50 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 68 51 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 68 52 7 7 NUM crl-25778 68 53 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 68 54 . . PUNCT crl-25778 69 1 the the DET crl-25778 69 2 stereotype stereotype NOUN crl-25778 69 3 of of ADP crl-25778 69 4 everything everything PRON crl-25778 69 5 being be AUX crl-25778 69 6 larger large ADJ crl-25778 69 7 out out ADP crl-25778 69 8 west west PROPN crl-25778 69 9 is be AUX crl-25778 69 10 upheld uphold VERB crl-25778 69 11 as as ADV crl-25778 69 12 far far ADV crl-25778 69 13 as as ADP crl-25778 69 14 institutional institutional ADJ crl-25778 69 15 size size NOUN crl-25778 69 16 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 69 17 the the DET crl-25778 69 18 west west NOUN crl-25778 69 19 has have VERB crl-25778 69 20 the the DET crl-25778 69 21 lowest low ADJ crl-25778 69 22 percentage percentage NOUN crl-25778 69 23 of of ADP crl-25778 69 24 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 69 25 in in ADP crl-25778 69 26 the the DET crl-25778 69 27 smallest small ADJ crl-25778 69 28 size size NOUN crl-25778 69 29 category category NOUN crl-25778 69 30 among among ADP crl-25778 69 31 all all DET crl-25778 69 32 regions region NOUN crl-25778 69 33 . . PUNCT crl-25778 70 1 just just ADV crl-25778 70 2 36 36 NUM crl-25778 70 3 % % NOUN crl-25778 70 4 are be AUX crl-25778 70 5 at at ADP crl-25778 70 6 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 70 7 with with ADP crl-25778 70 8 fewer few ADJ crl-25778 70 9 than than ADP crl-25778 70 10 2,500 2,500 NUM crl-25778 70 11 students student NOUN crl-25778 70 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 70 13 compared compare VERB crl-25778 70 14 to to ADP crl-25778 70 15 46.4 46.4 NUM crl-25778 70 16 % % NOUN crl-25778 70 17 of of ADP crl-25778 70 18 northeast northeast ADJ crl-25778 70 19 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 70 20 , , PUNCT crl-25778 70 21 51.9 51.9 NUM crl-25778 70 22 % % NOUN crl-25778 70 23 of of ADP crl-25778 70 24 central central ADJ crl-25778 70 25 , , PUNCT crl-25778 70 26 and and CCONJ crl-25778 70 27 54.5 54.5 NUM crl-25778 70 28 % % NOUN crl-25778 70 29 of of ADP crl-25778 70 30 southeast southeast NOUN crl-25778 70 31 . . PUNCT crl-25778 71 1 the the DET crl-25778 71 2 west west NOUN crl-25778 71 3 also also ADV crl-25778 71 4 has have VERB crl-25778 71 5 the the DET crl-25778 71 6 highest high ADJ crl-25778 71 7 concentration concentration NOUN crl-25778 71 8 of of ADP crl-25778 71 9 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 71 10 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 71 11 in in ADP crl-25778 71 12 the the DET crl-25778 71 13 two two NUM crl-25778 71 14 largest large ADJ crl-25778 71 15 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 71 16 size size NOUN crl-25778 71 17 categories category NOUN crl-25778 71 18 , , PUNCT crl-25778 71 19 with with ADP crl-25778 71 20 12.2 12.2 NUM crl-25778 71 21 % % NOUN crl-25778 71 22 between between ADP crl-25778 71 23 10,000 10,000 NUM crl-25778 71 24 and and CCONJ crl-25778 71 25 19,999 19,999 NUM crl-25778 71 26 student student NOUN crl-25778 71 27 fte fte NOUN crl-25778 71 28 , , PUNCT crl-25778 71 29 and and CCONJ crl-25778 71 30 9.5 9.5 NUM crl-25778 71 31 % % NOUN crl-25778 71 32 at at ADP crl-25778 71 33 or or CCONJ crl-25778 71 34 above above ADP crl-25778 71 35 20,000 20,000 NUM crl-25778 71 36 student student NOUN crl-25778 71 37 fte fte NOUN crl-25778 71 38 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 71 39 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 71 40 8) 8) NUM crl-25778 71 41 . . PUNCT crl-25778 72 1 the the DET crl-25778 72 2 nces nce NOUN crl-25778 72 3 assigns assign VERB crl-25778 72 4 each each DET crl-25778 72 5 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 72 6 one one NUM crl-25778 72 7 of of ADP crl-25778 72 8 four four NUM crl-25778 72 9 geographical geographical ADJ crl-25778 72 10 classifications classification NOUN crl-25778 72 11 : : PUNCT crl-25778 72 12 rural rural ADJ crl-25778 72 13 , , PUNCT crl-25778 72 14 suburban suburban ADJ crl-25778 72 15 , , PUNCT crl-25778 72 16 town town NOUN crl-25778 72 17 , , PUNCT crl-25778 72 18 or or CCONJ crl-25778 72 19 city city NOUN crl-25778 72 20 , , PUNCT crl-25778 72 21 as as SCONJ crl-25778 72 22 noted note VERB crl-25778 72 23 above above ADV crl-25778 72 24 . . PUNCT crl-25778 73 1 across across ADP crl-25778 73 2 all all DET crl-25778 73 3 regions region NOUN crl-25778 73 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 73 5 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 73 6 with with ADP crl-25778 73 7 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 73 8 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 73 9 are be AUX crl-25778 73 10 more more ADV crl-25778 73 11 prevalent prevalent ADJ crl-25778 73 12 in in ADP crl-25778 73 13 cities city NOUN crl-25778 73 14 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 73 15 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 73 16 9 9 NUM crl-25778 73 17 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 73 18 . . PUNCT crl-25778 74 1 the the DET crl-25778 74 2 northeast northeast NOUN crl-25778 74 3 has have VERB crl-25778 74 4 a a DET crl-25778 74 5 higher high ADJ crl-25778 74 6 concentration concentration NOUN crl-25778 74 7 in in ADP crl-25778 74 8 suburbs suburbs ADJ crl-25778 74 9 table table NOUN crl-25778 74 10 1 1 NUM crl-25778 74 11 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 74 12 of of ADP crl-25778 74 13 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 74 14 groupings grouping NOUN crl-25778 74 15 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 16 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 74 17 central central ADJ crl-25778 74 18 northeast northeast ADJ crl-25778 74 19 southeast southeast PROPN crl-25778 74 20 west west PROPN crl-25778 74 21 row row PROPN crl-25778 74 22 totals total NOUN crl-25778 74 23 # # NOUN crl-25778 74 24 of of ADP crl-25778 74 25 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 74 26 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 74 27 553 553 NUM crl-25778 74 28 517 517 NUM crl-25778 74 29 587 587 NUM crl-25778 74 30 550 550 NUM crl-25778 74 31 2207 2207 NUM crl-25778 74 32 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 74 33 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 74 34 associate associate NOUN crl-25778 74 35 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 74 36 colleges college NOUN crl-25778 74 37 204 204 NUM crl-25778 74 38 157 157 NUM crl-25778 74 39 251 251 NUM crl-25778 74 40 296 296 NUM crl-25778 74 41 908 908 NUM crl-25778 74 42 bachelor bachelor NOUN crl-25778 74 43 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 74 44 colleges college NOUN crl-25778 74 45 148 148 NUM crl-25778 74 46 127 127 NUM crl-25778 74 47 156 156 NUM crl-25778 74 48 61 61 NUM crl-25778 74 49 492 492 NUM crl-25778 74 50 master master NOUN crl-25778 74 51 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 74 52 142 142 NUM crl-25778 74 53 162 162 NUM crl-25778 74 54 125 125 NUM crl-25778 74 55 125 125 NUM crl-25778 74 56 554 554 NUM crl-25778 74 57 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-25778 74 58 / / SYM crl-25778 74 59 research research NOUN crl-25778 74 60 59 59 NUM crl-25778 74 61 71 71 NUM crl-25778 74 62 55 55 NUM crl-25778 74 63 68 68 NUM crl-25778 74 64 253 253 NUM crl-25778 74 65 control control NOUN crl-25778 74 66 private private ADJ crl-25778 74 67 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 68 nonprofit nonprofit ADJ crl-25778 74 69 241 241 NUM crl-25778 74 70 276 276 NUM crl-25778 74 71 208 208 NUM crl-25778 74 72 130 130 NUM crl-25778 74 73 855 855 NUM crl-25778 74 74 public public ADJ crl-25778 74 75 312 312 NUM crl-25778 74 76 241 241 NUM crl-25778 74 77 379 379 NUM crl-25778 74 78 420 420 NUM crl-25778 74 79 1352 1352 NUM crl-25778 74 80 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 74 81 size size NOUN crl-25778 74 82 < < X crl-25778 74 83 2,500 2,500 NUM crl-25778 74 84 287 287 NUM crl-25778 74 85 240 240 NUM crl-25778 74 86 320 320 NUM crl-25778 74 87 199 199 NUM crl-25778 74 88 1046 1046 NUM crl-25778 74 89 2,500–4,999 2,500–4,999 NUM crl-25778 74 90 130 130 NUM crl-25778 74 91 118 118 NUM crl-25778 74 92 113 113 NUM crl-25778 74 93 127 127 NUM crl-25778 74 94 488 488 NUM crl-25778 74 95 5k–9,999 5k–9,999 NUM crl-25778 74 96 74 74 NUM crl-25778 74 97 97 97 NUM crl-25778 74 98 79 79 NUM crl-25778 74 99 105 105 NUM crl-25778 74 100 355 355 NUM crl-25778 74 101 10k–19,999 10k–19,999 NUM crl-25778 74 102 39 39 NUM crl-25778 74 103 42 42 NUM crl-25778 74 104 41 41 NUM crl-25778 74 105 67 67 NUM crl-25778 74 106 189 189 NUM crl-25778 74 107 > > SYM crl-25778 74 108 20,000 20,000 NUM crl-25778 74 109 23 23 NUM crl-25778 74 110 20 20 NUM crl-25778 74 111 34 34 NUM crl-25778 74 112 52 52 NUM crl-25778 74 113 129 129 NUM crl-25778 74 114 urbanity urbanity NOUN crl-25778 74 115 city city NOUN crl-25778 74 116 205 205 NUM crl-25778 74 117 205 205 NUM crl-25778 74 118 247 247 NUM crl-25778 74 119 278 278 NUM crl-25778 74 120 935 935 NUM crl-25778 74 121 rural rural NOUN crl-25778 74 122 65 65 NUM crl-25778 74 123 47 47 NUM crl-25778 74 124 90 90 NUM crl-25778 74 125 45 45 NUM crl-25778 74 126 247 247 NUM crl-25778 74 127 suburb suburb NOUN crl-25778 74 128 108 108 NUM crl-25778 74 129 190 190 NUM crl-25778 74 130 92 92 NUM crl-25778 74 131 116 116 NUM crl-25778 74 132 506 506 NUM crl-25778 74 133 town town NOUN crl-25778 74 134 175 175 NUM crl-25778 74 135 75 75 NUM crl-25778 74 136 158 158 NUM crl-25778 74 137 111 111 NUM crl-25778 74 138 519 519 NUM crl-25778 74 139 note note NOUN crl-25778 74 140 : : PUNCT crl-25778 74 141 central central ADJ crl-25778 74 142 consists consist VERB crl-25778 74 143 of of ADP crl-25778 74 144 il il PROPN crl-25778 74 145 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 146 in in ADP crl-25778 74 147 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 148 ia ia PROPN crl-25778 74 149 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 150 ks ks PROPN crl-25778 74 151 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 152 mi mi PROPN crl-25778 74 153 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 154 mn mn PROPN crl-25778 74 155 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 156 mo mo PROPN crl-25778 74 157 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 158 ne ne PROPN crl-25778 74 159 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 160 nd nd PRON crl-25778 74 161 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 162 oh oh INTJ crl-25778 74 163 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 164 sd sd NOUN crl-25778 74 165 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 166 wi wi PROPN crl-25778 74 167 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 74 168 northeast northeast ADV crl-25778 74 169 consists consist VERB crl-25778 74 170 of of ADP crl-25778 74 171 ct ct PROPN crl-25778 74 172 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 173 de de X crl-25778 74 174 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 175 dc dc PROPN crl-25778 74 176 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 177 me me PROPN crl-25778 74 178 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 179 md md PROPN crl-25778 74 180 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 181 ma ma PROPN crl-25778 74 182 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 183 nh nh PROPN crl-25778 74 184 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 185 nj nj PROPN crl-25778 74 186 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 187 ny ny PROPN crl-25778 74 188 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 189 pa pa PROPN crl-25778 74 190 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 191 ri ri PROPN crl-25778 74 192 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 193 vt vt PROPN crl-25778 74 194 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 74 195 southeast southeast NOUN crl-25778 74 196 consists consist VERB crl-25778 74 197 of of ADP crl-25778 74 198 al al PROPN crl-25778 74 199 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 200 ar ar PROPN crl-25778 74 201 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 202 fl fl PROPN crl-25778 74 203 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 204 ga ga PROPN crl-25778 74 205 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 206 ky ky PROPN crl-25778 74 207 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 208 la la PROPN crl-25778 74 209 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 210 ms ms PROPN crl-25778 74 211 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 212 nc nc PROPN crl-25778 74 213 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 214 sc sc PROPN crl-25778 74 215 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 216 tn tn PROPN crl-25778 74 217 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 218 va va PROPN crl-25778 74 219 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 220 wv wv PROPN crl-25778 74 221 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 74 222 west west PROPN crl-25778 74 223 consists consist VERB crl-25778 74 224 of of ADP crl-25778 74 225 ak ak PROPN crl-25778 74 226 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 227 az az PROPN crl-25778 74 228 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 229 ca can AUX crl-25778 74 230 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 231 co co NOUN crl-25778 74 232 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 233 hi hi INTJ crl-25778 74 234 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 235 i i PROPN crl-25778 74 236 d d PROPN crl-25778 74 237 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 238 mt mt PROPN crl-25778 74 239 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 240 nv nv PROPN crl-25778 74 241 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 242 nm nm PROPN crl-25778 74 243 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 244 ok ok ADJ crl-25778 74 245 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 246 or or CCONJ crl-25778 74 247 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 248 tx tx PROPN crl-25778 74 249 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 250 ut ut PROPN crl-25778 74 251 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 252 wa wa PROPN crl-25778 74 253 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 254 wy wy PROPN crl-25778 74 255 . . PROPN crl-25778 74 256 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 74 257 of of ADP crl-25778 74 258 united united PROPN crl-25778 74 259 states states PROPN crl-25778 74 260 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 74 261 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 74 262 in in ADP crl-25778 74 263 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 74 264 and and CCONJ crl-25778 74 265 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 74 266 changes change NOUN crl-25778 74 267 293 293 NUM crl-25778 74 268 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 74 269 36.8 36.8 NUM crl-25778 74 270 % % NOUN crl-25778 74 271 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 74 272 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 273 in in ADP crl-25778 74 274 fact fact NOUN crl-25778 74 275 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 276 nearly nearly ADV crl-25778 74 277 as as ADV crl-25778 74 278 many many ADJ crl-25778 74 279 as as ADP crl-25778 74 280 in in ADP crl-25778 74 281 its its PRON crl-25778 74 282 cities city NOUN crl-25778 74 283 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 74 284 39.7 39.7 NUM crl-25778 74 285 % % NOUN crl-25778 74 286 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 74 287 , , PUNCT crl-25778 74 288 whereas whereas SCONJ crl-25778 74 289 central central ADJ crl-25778 74 290 and and CCONJ crl-25778 74 291 southeast southeast ADJ crl-25778 74 292 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 74 293 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 74 294 tend tend VERB crl-25778 74 295 to to PART crl-25778 74 296 be be AUX crl-25778 74 297 found find VERB crl-25778 74 298 in in ADP crl-25778 74 299 cities city NOUN crl-25778 74 300 or or CCONJ crl-25778 74 301 towns town NOUN crl-25778 74 302 . . PUNCT crl-25778 75 1 among among ADP crl-25778 75 2 regions region NOUN crl-25778 75 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 75 4 the the DET crl-25778 75 5 west west NOUN crl-25778 75 6 has have VERB crl-25778 75 7 the the DET crl-25778 75 8 highest high ADJ crl-25778 75 9 percentage percentage NOUN crl-25778 75 10 in in ADP crl-25778 75 11 cities city NOUN crl-25778 75 12 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 75 13 50.5 50.5 NUM crl-25778 75 14 % % NOUN crl-25778 75 15 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 75 16 , , PUNCT crl-25778 75 17 and and CCONJ crl-25778 75 18 the the DET crl-25778 75 19 amount amount NOUN crl-25778 75 20 in in ADP crl-25778 75 21 suburbs suburb NOUN crl-25778 75 22 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 75 23 21.1 21.1 NUM crl-25778 75 24 % % NOUN crl-25778 75 25 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 75 26 and and CCONJ crl-25778 75 27 towns town NOUN crl-25778 75 28 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 75 29 20.2 20.2 NUM crl-25778 75 30 % % NOUN crl-25778 75 31 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 75 32 are be AUX crl-25778 75 33 quite quite ADV crl-25778 75 34 similar similar ADJ crl-25778 75 35 . . PUNCT crl-25778 76 1 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 76 2 4 4 NUM crl-25778 76 3 helps help VERB crl-25778 76 4 show show VERB crl-25778 76 5 this this DET crl-25778 76 6 concentration concentration NOUN crl-25778 76 7 in in ADP crl-25778 76 8 cities city NOUN crl-25778 76 9 . . PUNCT crl-25778 77 1 for for ADP crl-25778 77 2 example example NOUN crl-25778 77 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 77 4 the the DET crl-25778 77 5 numerous numerous ADJ crl-25778 77 6 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 77 7 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 77 8 clustered cluster VERB crl-25778 77 9 along along ADP crl-25778 77 10 the the DET crl-25778 77 11 i-35 i-35 PROPN crl-25778 77 12 corridor corridor NOUN crl-25778 77 13 in in ADP crl-25778 77 14 texas texas PROPN crl-25778 77 15 that that PRON crl-25778 77 16 includes include VERB crl-25778 77 17 the the DET crl-25778 77 18 cities city NOUN crl-25778 77 19 dallas dallas PROPN crl-25778 77 20 , , PUNCT crl-25778 77 21 ft ft PROPN crl-25778 77 22 . . NOUN crl-25778 77 23 worth worth ADJ crl-25778 77 24 , , PUNCT crl-25778 77 25 waco waco PROPN crl-25778 77 26 , , PUNCT crl-25778 77 27 austin austin PROPN crl-25778 77 28 , , PUNCT crl-25778 77 29 and and CCONJ crl-25778 77 30 san san PROPN crl-25778 77 31 antonio antonio PROPN crl-25778 77 32 are be AUX crl-25778 77 33 visible visible ADJ crl-25778 77 34 running run VERB crl-25778 77 35 northeast northeast ADV crl-25778 77 36 to to ADP crl-25778 77 37 south south NOUN crl-25778 77 38 . . PUNCT crl-25778 78 1 this this DET crl-25778 78 2 map map NOUN crl-25778 78 3 is be AUX crl-25778 78 4 also also ADV crl-25778 78 5 a a DET crl-25778 78 6 useful useful ADJ crl-25778 78 7 visual visual ADJ crl-25778 78 8 representation representation NOUN crl-25778 78 9 of of ADP crl-25778 78 10 the the DET crl-25778 78 11 suburb suburb NOUN crl-25778 78 12 grouping grouping NOUN crl-25778 78 13 of of ADP crl-25778 78 14 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 78 15 in in ADP crl-25778 78 16 the the DET crl-25778 78 17 northeast northeast NOUN crl-25778 78 18 . . PUNCT crl-25778 79 1 values value NOUN crl-25778 79 2 for for ADP crl-25778 79 3 each each PRON crl-25778 79 4 of of ADP crl-25778 79 5 the the DET crl-25778 79 6 considered consider VERB crl-25778 79 7 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 79 8 library library NOUN crl-25778 79 9 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 79 10 are be AUX crl-25778 79 11 provided provide VERB crl-25778 79 12 in in ADP crl-25778 79 13 table table NOUN crl-25778 79 14 2 2 NUM crl-25778 79 15 . . PUNCT crl-25778 80 1 there there PRON crl-25778 80 2 are be VERB crl-25778 80 3 distinct distinct ADJ crl-25778 80 4 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 80 5 differences difference NOUN crl-25778 80 6 among among ADP crl-25778 80 7 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 80 8 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 80 9 . . PUNCT crl-25778 81 1 in in ADP crl-25778 81 2 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 81 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 81 4 the the DET crl-25778 81 5 southeast southeast NOUN crl-25778 81 6 has have VERB crl-25778 81 7 the the DET crl-25778 81 8 most most ADV crl-25778 81 9 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 81 10 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 81 11 compared compare VERB crl-25778 81 12 to to ADP crl-25778 81 13 the the DET crl-25778 81 14 other other ADJ crl-25778 81 15 regions region NOUN crl-25778 81 16 but but CCONJ crl-25778 81 17 has have VERB crl-25778 81 18 the the DET crl-25778 81 19 lowest low ADJ crl-25778 81 20 average average ADJ crl-25778 81 21 number number NOUN crl-25778 81 22 of of ADP crl-25778 81 23 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 81 24 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 81 25 8.2 8.2 NUM crl-25778 81 26 , , PUNCT crl-25778 81 27 the the DET crl-25778 81 28 same same ADJ crl-25778 81 29 as as ADP crl-25778 81 30 central central ADJ crl-25778 81 31 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 81 32 , , PUNCT crl-25778 81 33 and and CCONJ crl-25778 81 34 the the DET crl-25778 81 35 smallest small ADJ crl-25778 81 36 average average ADJ crl-25778 81 37 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 81 38 across across ADP crl-25778 81 39 all all DET crl-25778 81 40 categories category NOUN crl-25778 81 41 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 81 42 total total ADJ crl-25778 81 43 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 81 44 = = PUNCT crl-25778 81 45 $ $ SYM crl-25778 81 46 2.78 2.78 NUM crl-25778 81 47 million million NUM crl-25778 81 48 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 81 49 staffing staff VERB crl-25778 81 50 = = PUNCT crl-25778 81 51 $ $ SYM crl-25778 81 52 1.16 1.16 NUM crl-25778 81 53 million million NUM crl-25778 81 54 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 81 55 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 81 56 = = PUNCT crl-25778 81 57 $ $ SYM crl-25778 81 58 1.09 1.09 NUM crl-25778 81 59 million million NUM crl-25778 81 60 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 81 61 . . PUNCT crl-25778 82 1 the the DET crl-25778 82 2 central central ADJ crl-25778 82 3 region region NOUN crl-25778 82 4 is be AUX crl-25778 82 5 similar similar ADJ crl-25778 82 6 but but CCONJ crl-25778 82 7 slightly slightly ADV crl-25778 82 8 higher high ADJ crl-25778 82 9 with with ADP crl-25778 82 10 total total ADJ crl-25778 82 11 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 82 12 of of ADP crl-25778 82 13 $ $ SYM crl-25778 82 14 2.87 2.87 NUM crl-25778 82 15 million million NUM crl-25778 82 16 on on ADP crl-25778 82 17 average average ADJ crl-25778 82 18 , , PUNCT crl-25778 82 19 staffing staff VERB crl-25778 82 20 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 82 21 of of ADP crl-25778 82 22 $ $ SYM crl-25778 82 23 1.19 1.19 NUM crl-25778 82 24 million million NUM crl-25778 82 25 , , PUNCT crl-25778 82 26 and and CCONJ crl-25778 82 27 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 82 28 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 82 29 of of ADP crl-25778 82 30 $ $ SYM crl-25778 82 31 1.15 1.15 NUM crl-25778 82 32 million million NUM crl-25778 82 33 . . PUNCT crl-25778 83 1 conversely conversely ADV crl-25778 83 2 , , PUNCT crl-25778 83 3 as as SCONJ crl-25778 83 4 noted note VERB crl-25778 83 5 above above ADV crl-25778 83 6 , , PUNCT crl-25778 83 7 although although SCONJ crl-25778 83 8 the the DET crl-25778 83 9 northeast northeast NOUN crl-25778 83 10 has have VERB crl-25778 83 11 the the DET crl-25778 83 12 fewest few ADJ crl-25778 83 13 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 83 14 , , PUNCT crl-25778 83 15 it it PRON crl-25778 83 16 has have VERB crl-25778 83 17 the the DET crl-25778 83 18 highest high ADJ crl-25778 83 19 average average ADJ crl-25778 83 20 number number NOUN crl-25778 83 21 of of ADP crl-25778 83 22 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 83 23 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 83 24 12.3 12.3 NUM crl-25778 83 25 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 83 26 , , PUNCT crl-25778 83 27 and and CCONJ crl-25778 83 28 the the DET crl-25778 83 29 highest high ADJ crl-25778 83 30 average average ADJ crl-25778 83 31 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 83 32 across across ADP crl-25778 83 33 all all DET crl-25778 83 34 categories category NOUN crl-25778 83 35 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 83 36 total total ADJ crl-25778 83 37 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 83 38 = = PUNCT crl-25778 83 39 $ $ SYM crl-25778 83 40 4.59 4.59 NUM crl-25778 83 41 million million NUM crl-25778 83 42 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 83 43 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 83 44 = = PUNCT crl-25778 83 45 $ $ SYM crl-25778 83 46 1.94 1.94 NUM crl-25778 83 47 million million NUM crl-25778 83 48 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 83 49 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 83 50 = = PUNCT crl-25778 83 51 $ $ SYM crl-25778 83 52 1.73 1.73 NUM crl-25778 83 53 million million NUM crl-25778 83 54 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 83 55 . . PUNCT crl-25778 84 1 the the DET crl-25778 84 2 west west PROPN crl-25778 84 3 follows follow VERB crl-25778 84 4 the the DET crl-25778 84 5 northeast northeast NOUN crl-25778 84 6 in in ADP crl-25778 84 7 both both DET crl-25778 84 8 average average ADJ crl-25778 84 9 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 84 10 of of ADP crl-25778 84 11 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 84 12 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 84 13 11.4 11.4 NUM crl-25778 84 14 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 84 15 and and CCONJ crl-25778 84 16 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 84 17 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 84 18 total total ADJ crl-25778 84 19 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 84 20 = = PUNCT crl-25778 84 21 $ $ SYM crl-25778 84 22 3.93 3.93 NUM crl-25778 84 23 million million NUM crl-25778 84 24 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 84 25 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 84 26 = = PUNCT crl-25778 84 27 $ $ SYM crl-25778 84 28 1.76 1.76 NUM crl-25778 84 29 million million NUM crl-25778 84 30 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 84 31 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 84 32 = = PUNCT crl-25778 84 33 $ $ SYM crl-25778 84 34 1.37 1.37 NUM crl-25778 84 35 million million NUM crl-25778 84 36 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 84 37 . . PUNCT crl-25778 85 1 these these DET crl-25778 85 2 differences difference NOUN crl-25778 85 3 between between ADP crl-25778 85 4 regions region NOUN crl-25778 85 5 can can AUX crl-25778 85 6 in in ADP crl-25778 85 7 part part NOUN crl-25778 85 8 be be AUX crl-25778 85 9 explained explain VERB crl-25778 85 10 by by ADP crl-25778 85 11 the the DET crl-25778 85 12 differing differ VERB crl-25778 85 13 distribution distribution NOUN crl-25778 85 14 of of ADP crl-25778 85 15 institutional institutional ADJ crl-25778 85 16 types type NOUN crl-25778 85 17 , , PUNCT crl-25778 85 18 such such ADJ crl-25778 85 19 as as ADP crl-25778 85 20 greater great ADJ crl-25778 85 21 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 85 22 of of ADP crl-25778 85 23 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 85 24 doctoral doctoral PROPN crl-25778 85 25 / / SYM crl-25778 85 26 research research NOUN crl-25778 85 27 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 85 28 in in ADP crl-25778 85 29 the the DET crl-25778 85 30 northeast northeast NOUN crl-25778 85 31 and and CCONJ crl-25778 85 32 west west NOUN crl-25778 85 33 . . PUNCT crl-25778 86 1 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 86 2 over over ADP crl-25778 86 3 time time NOUN crl-25778 86 4 for for ADP crl-25778 86 5 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 86 6 . . PROPN crl-25778 86 7 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 86 8 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 86 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 86 10 1996–2020 1996–2020 NUM crl-25778 86 11 for for ADP crl-25778 86 12 each each PRON crl-25778 86 13 of of ADP crl-25778 86 14 the the DET crl-25778 86 15 following following ADJ crl-25778 86 16 variables variable NOUN crl-25778 86 17 , , PUNCT crl-25778 86 18 data datum NOUN crl-25778 86 19 are be AUX crl-25778 86 20 provided provide VERB crl-25778 86 21 as as ADP crl-25778 86 22 line line NOUN crl-25778 86 23 charts chart NOUN crl-25778 86 24 to to PART crl-25778 86 25 explore explore VERB crl-25778 86 26 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 86 27 in in ADP crl-25778 86 28 the the DET crl-25778 86 29 data datum NOUN crl-25778 86 30 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 86 31 figures figure NOUN crl-25778 86 32 10 10 NUM crl-25778 86 33 through through ADP crl-25778 86 34 13 13 NUM crl-25778 86 35 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 86 36 , , PUNCT crl-25778 86 37 in in ADP crl-25778 86 38 addition addition NOUN crl-25778 86 39 to to ADP crl-25778 86 40 the the DET crl-25778 86 41 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 86 42 data datum NOUN crl-25778 86 43 in in ADP crl-25778 86 44 table table NOUN crl-25778 86 45 2 2 NUM crl-25778 86 46 . . PUNCT crl-25778 86 47 number number NOUN crl-25778 86 48 of of ADP crl-25778 86 49 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 86 50 average average ADJ crl-25778 86 51 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 86 52 of of ADP crl-25778 86 53 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 86 54 from from ADP crl-25778 86 55 1998 1998 NUM crl-25778 86 56 to to ADP crl-25778 86 57 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 86 58 by by ADP crl-25778 86 59 region region NOUN crl-25778 86 60 are be AUX crl-25778 86 61 provided provide VERB crl-25778 86 62 in in ADP crl-25778 86 63 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 86 64 10 10 NUM crl-25778 86 65 . . PUNCT crl-25778 87 1 as as SCONJ crl-25778 87 2 noted note VERB crl-25778 87 3 in in ADP crl-25778 87 4 the the DET crl-25778 87 5 authors author NOUN crl-25778 87 6 ’ ' PUNCT crl-25778 87 7 earlier early ADJ crl-25778 87 8 article article NOUN crl-25778 87 9 on on ADP crl-25778 87 10 this this DET crl-25778 87 11 data datum NOUN crl-25778 87 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 13 the the DET crl-25778 87 14 data datum NOUN crl-25778 87 15 source source NOUN crl-25778 87 16 for for ADP crl-25778 87 17 number number NOUN crl-25778 87 18 of of ADP crl-25778 87 19 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 87 20 shifted shift VERB crl-25778 87 21 in in ADP crl-25778 87 22 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 87 23 from from ADP crl-25778 87 24 being be AUX crl-25778 87 25 reported report VERB crl-25778 87 26 by by ADP crl-25778 87 27 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 87 28 themselves themselves PRON crl-25778 87 29 in in ADP crl-25778 87 30 the the DET crl-25778 87 31 als als NOUN crl-25778 87 32 to to ADP crl-25778 87 33 being be AUX crl-25778 87 34 centrally centrally ADV crl-25778 87 35 reported report VERB crl-25778 87 36 to to PART crl-25778 87 37 table table VERB crl-25778 87 38 2 2 NUM crl-25778 87 39 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 87 40 of of ADP crl-25778 87 41 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 87 42 . . PROPN crl-25778 87 43 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 87 44 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 87 45 by by ADP crl-25778 87 46 region region NOUN crl-25778 87 47 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 48 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 87 49 central central ADJ crl-25778 87 50 northeast northeast ADJ crl-25778 87 51 southeast southeast PROPN crl-25778 87 52 west west PROPN crl-25778 87 53 # # PROPN crl-25778 87 54 of of ADP crl-25778 87 55 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 87 56 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 87 57 553 553 NUM crl-25778 87 58 517 517 NUM crl-25778 87 59 587 587 NUM crl-25778 87 60 550 550 NUM crl-25778 87 61 average average ADJ crl-25778 87 62 # # NOUN crl-25778 87 63 of of ADP crl-25778 87 64 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 87 65 8.2 8.2 NUM crl-25778 87 66 12.3 12.3 NUM crl-25778 87 67 8.2 8.2 NUM crl-25778 87 68 11.4 11.4 NUM crl-25778 87 69 average average ADJ crl-25778 87 70 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 87 71 staffing staff VERB crl-25778 87 72 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 87 73 $ $ SYM crl-25778 87 74 1.19 1.19 NUM crl-25778 87 75 m m NOUN crl-25778 87 76 $ $ SYM crl-25778 87 77 1.94 1.94 NUM crl-25778 87 78 m m NOUN crl-25778 87 79 $ $ SYM crl-25778 87 80 1.16 1.16 NUM crl-25778 87 81 m m NUM crl-25778 87 82 $ $ SYM crl-25778 87 83 1.76 1.76 NUM crl-25778 87 84 m m NOUN crl-25778 87 85 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 87 86 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 87 87 $ $ SYM crl-25778 87 88 1.15 1.15 NUM crl-25778 87 89 m m NUM crl-25778 87 90 $ $ SYM crl-25778 87 91 1.73 1.73 NUM crl-25778 87 92 m m NUM crl-25778 87 93 $ $ SYM crl-25778 87 94 1.09 1.09 NUM crl-25778 87 95 m m NOUN crl-25778 87 96 $ $ SYM crl-25778 87 97 1.37 1.37 NUM crl-25778 87 98 m m PROPN crl-25778 87 99 total total ADJ crl-25778 87 100 library library NOUN crl-25778 87 101 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 87 102 $ $ SYM crl-25778 87 103 2.87 2.87 NUM crl-25778 87 104 m m NOUN crl-25778 87 105 $ $ SYM crl-25778 87 106 4.59 4.59 NUM crl-25778 87 107 m m NOUN crl-25778 87 108 $ $ SYM crl-25778 87 109 2.78 2.78 NUM crl-25778 87 110 m m NOUN crl-25778 87 111 $ $ SYM crl-25778 87 112 3.93 3.93 NUM crl-25778 87 113 m m NOUN crl-25778 87 114 note note NOUN crl-25778 87 115 : : PUNCT crl-25778 87 116 central central ADJ crl-25778 87 117 consists consist VERB crl-25778 87 118 of of ADP crl-25778 87 119 il il PROPN crl-25778 87 120 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 121 in in ADP crl-25778 87 122 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 123 ia ia PROPN crl-25778 87 124 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 125 ks ks PROPN crl-25778 87 126 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 127 mi mi PROPN crl-25778 87 128 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 129 mn mn PROPN crl-25778 87 130 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 131 mo mo PROPN crl-25778 87 132 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 133 ne ne PROPN crl-25778 87 134 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 135 nd nd PRON crl-25778 87 136 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 137 oh oh INTJ crl-25778 87 138 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 139 sd sd NOUN crl-25778 87 140 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 141 wi wi PROPN crl-25778 87 142 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 87 143 northeast northeast ADV crl-25778 87 144 consists consist VERB crl-25778 87 145 of of ADP crl-25778 87 146 ct ct PROPN crl-25778 87 147 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 148 de de X crl-25778 87 149 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 150 dc dc PROPN crl-25778 87 151 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 152 me me PROPN crl-25778 87 153 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 154 md md PROPN crl-25778 87 155 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 156 ma ma PROPN crl-25778 87 157 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 158 nh nh PROPN crl-25778 87 159 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 160 nj nj PROPN crl-25778 87 161 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 162 ny ny PROPN crl-25778 87 163 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 164 pa pa PROPN crl-25778 87 165 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 166 ri ri PROPN crl-25778 87 167 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 168 vt vt PROPN crl-25778 87 169 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 87 170 southeast southeast NOUN crl-25778 87 171 consists consist VERB crl-25778 87 172 of of ADP crl-25778 87 173 al al PROPN crl-25778 87 174 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 175 ar ar PROPN crl-25778 87 176 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 177 fl fl PROPN crl-25778 87 178 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 179 ga ga PROPN crl-25778 87 180 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 181 ky ky PROPN crl-25778 87 182 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 183 la la PROPN crl-25778 87 184 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 185 ms ms PROPN crl-25778 87 186 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 187 nc nc PROPN crl-25778 87 188 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 189 sc sc PROPN crl-25778 87 190 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 191 tn tn PROPN crl-25778 87 192 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 193 va va PROPN crl-25778 87 194 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 195 wv wv PROPN crl-25778 87 196 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 87 197 west west PROPN crl-25778 87 198 consists consist VERB crl-25778 87 199 of of ADP crl-25778 87 200 ak ak PROPN crl-25778 87 201 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 202 az az PROPN crl-25778 87 203 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 204 ca can AUX crl-25778 87 205 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 206 co co NOUN crl-25778 87 207 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 208 hi hi INTJ crl-25778 87 209 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 210 i i PROPN crl-25778 87 211 d d PROPN crl-25778 87 212 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 213 mt mt PROPN crl-25778 87 214 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 215 nv nv PROPN crl-25778 87 216 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 217 nm nm PROPN crl-25778 87 218 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 219 ok ok ADJ crl-25778 87 220 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 221 or or CCONJ crl-25778 87 222 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 223 tx tx PROPN crl-25778 87 224 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 225 ut ut PROPN crl-25778 87 226 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 227 wa wa PROPN crl-25778 87 228 , , PUNCT crl-25778 87 229 wy wy PROPN crl-25778 87 230 . . PROPN crl-25778 88 1 294 294 NUM crl-25778 88 2 college college PROPN crl-25778 88 3 & & CCONJ crl-25778 88 4 research research PROPN crl-25778 88 5 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 88 6 march march PROPN crl-25778 88 7 2024 2024 NUM crl-25778 88 8 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 88 9 by by ADP crl-25778 88 10 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 88 11 ’ ' PUNCT crl-25778 88 12 central central ADJ crl-25778 88 13 human human ADJ crl-25778 88 14 resources resource NOUN crl-25778 88 15 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 88 16 hr hr NOUN crl-25778 88 17 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 88 18 offices office NOUN crl-25778 88 19 . . PUNCT crl-25778 89 1 shifts shift NOUN crl-25778 89 2 from from ADP crl-25778 89 3 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 89 4 to to ADP crl-25778 89 5 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 89 6 should should AUX crl-25778 89 7 therefore therefore ADV crl-25778 89 8 be be AUX crl-25778 89 9 viewed view VERB crl-25778 89 10 cautiously cautiously ADV crl-25778 89 11 . . PUNCT crl-25778 90 1 only only ADV crl-25778 90 2 the the DET crl-25778 90 3 northeast northeast ADJ crl-25778 90 4 region region NOUN crl-25778 90 5 declined decline VERB crl-25778 90 6 in in ADP crl-25778 90 7 number number NOUN crl-25778 90 8 of of ADP crl-25778 90 9 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 90 10 when when SCONJ crl-25778 90 11 the the DET crl-25778 90 12 data datum NOUN crl-25778 90 13 reporting reporting NOUN crl-25778 90 14 changed change VERB crl-25778 90 15 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 90 16 from from ADP crl-25778 90 17 12.6 12.6 NUM crl-25778 90 18 in in ADP crl-25778 90 19 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 90 20 to to ADP crl-25778 90 21 12.3 12.3 NUM crl-25778 90 22 in in ADP crl-25778 90 23 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 90 24 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 90 25 , , PUNCT crl-25778 90 26 while while SCONJ crl-25778 90 27 all all DET crl-25778 90 28 other other ADJ crl-25778 90 29 regions region NOUN crl-25778 90 30 increased increase VERB crl-25778 90 31 . . PUNCT crl-25778 91 1 however however ADV crl-25778 91 2 , , PUNCT crl-25778 91 3 this this PRON crl-25778 91 4 may may AUX crl-25778 91 5 not not PART crl-25778 91 6 be be AUX crl-25778 91 7 an an DET crl-25778 91 8 accurate accurate ADJ crl-25778 91 9 representation representation NOUN crl-25778 91 10 of of ADP crl-25778 91 11 library library NOUN crl-25778 91 12 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 91 13 . . PUNCT crl-25778 92 1 for for ADP crl-25778 92 2 example example NOUN crl-25778 92 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 92 4 if if SCONJ crl-25778 92 5 there there PRON crl-25778 92 6 are be VERB crl-25778 92 7 units unit NOUN crl-25778 92 8 at at ADP crl-25778 92 9 an an DET crl-25778 92 10 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 92 11 that that PRON crl-25778 92 12 did do AUX crl-25778 92 13 not not PART crl-25778 92 14 previously previously ADV crl-25778 92 15 report report VERB crl-25778 92 16 to to ADP crl-25778 92 17 the the DET crl-25778 92 18 als als NOUN crl-25778 92 19 but but CCONJ crl-25778 92 20 that that PRON crl-25778 92 21 include include VERB crl-25778 92 22 professionals professional NOUN crl-25778 92 23 who who PRON crl-25778 92 24 could could AUX crl-25778 92 25 be be AUX crl-25778 92 26 classified classify VERB crl-25778 92 27 by by ADP crl-25778 92 28 central central ADJ crl-25778 92 29 hr hr NOUN crl-25778 92 30 as as ADP crl-25778 92 31 providing provide VERB crl-25778 92 32 related related ADJ crl-25778 92 33 library library NOUN crl-25778 92 34 or or CCONJ crl-25778 92 35 services service NOUN crl-25778 92 36 , , PUNCT crl-25778 92 37 there there PRON crl-25778 92 38 would would AUX crl-25778 92 39 be be AUX crl-25778 92 40 an an DET crl-25778 92 41 increase increase NOUN crl-25778 92 42 in in ADP crl-25778 92 43 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 92 44 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 92 45 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 92 46 between between ADP crl-25778 92 47 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 92 48 and and CCONJ crl-25778 92 49 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 92 50 without without ADP crl-25778 92 51 any any DET crl-25778 92 52 actual actual ADJ crl-25778 92 53 changes change NOUN crl-25778 92 54 in in ADP crl-25778 92 55 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 92 56 . . PUNCT crl-25778 93 1 additionally additionally ADV crl-25778 93 2 , , PUNCT crl-25778 93 3 in in ADP crl-25778 93 4 the the DET crl-25778 93 5 hr hr NOUN crl-25778 93 6 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 93 7 , , PUNCT crl-25778 93 8 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 93 9 with with ADP crl-25778 93 10 fewer few ADJ crl-25778 93 11 than than ADP crl-25778 93 12 15 15 NUM crl-25778 93 13 total total ADJ crl-25778 93 14 staff staff NOUN crl-25778 93 15 do do AUX crl-25778 93 16 not not PART crl-25778 93 17 separate separate VERB crl-25778 93 18 the the DET crl-25778 93 19 number number NOUN crl-25778 93 20 of of ADP crl-25778 93 21 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 93 22 from from ADP crl-25778 93 23 other other ADJ crl-25778 93 24 archivists archivist NOUN crl-25778 93 25 , , PUNCT crl-25778 93 26 curators curator NOUN crl-25778 93 27 , , PUNCT crl-25778 93 28 or or CCONJ crl-25778 93 29 museum museum NOUN crl-25778 93 30 workers worker NOUN crl-25778 93 31 . . PUNCT crl-25778 94 1 the the DET crl-25778 94 2 limitations limitation NOUN crl-25778 94 3 of of ADP crl-25778 94 4 this this DET crl-25778 94 5 data datum NOUN crl-25778 94 6 mean mean VERB crl-25778 94 7 that that SCONJ crl-25778 94 8 it it PRON crl-25778 94 9 is be AUX crl-25778 94 10 not not PART crl-25778 94 11 possible possible ADJ crl-25778 94 12 to to PART crl-25778 94 13 compare compare VERB crl-25778 94 14 the the DET crl-25778 94 15 exact exact ADJ crl-25778 94 16 values value NOUN crl-25778 94 17 for for ADP crl-25778 94 18 1998 1998 NUM crl-25778 94 19 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 94 20 the the DET crl-25778 94 21 first first ADJ crl-25778 94 22 year year NOUN crl-25778 94 23 this this DET crl-25778 94 24 number number NOUN crl-25778 94 25 was be AUX crl-25778 94 26 collected collect VERB crl-25778 94 27 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 94 28 and and CCONJ crl-25778 94 29 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 94 30 . . PUNCT crl-25778 95 1 the the DET crl-25778 95 2 central central ADJ crl-25778 95 3 region region NOUN crl-25778 95 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 95 5 for for ADP crl-25778 95 6 example example NOUN crl-25778 95 7 , , PUNCT crl-25778 95 8 has have VERB crl-25778 95 9 the the DET crl-25778 95 10 same same ADJ crl-25778 95 11 number number NOUN crl-25778 95 12 of of ADP crl-25778 95 13 total total ADJ crl-25778 95 14 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 95 15 in in ADP crl-25778 95 16 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 95 17 as as SCONJ crl-25778 95 18 there there PRON crl-25778 95 19 was be VERB crl-25778 95 20 in in ADP crl-25778 95 21 1998 1998 NUM crl-25778 95 22 , , PUNCT crl-25778 95 23 but but CCONJ crl-25778 95 24 the the DET crl-25778 95 25 reporting reporting NOUN crl-25778 95 26 method method NOUN crl-25778 95 27 has have AUX crl-25778 95 28 differed differ VERB crl-25778 95 29 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 95 30 it it PRON crl-25778 95 31 is be AUX crl-25778 95 32 better well ADJ crl-25778 95 33 to to PART crl-25778 95 34 look look VERB crl-25778 95 35 at at ADP crl-25778 95 36 the the DET crl-25778 95 37 trend trend NOUN crl-25778 95 38 lines line NOUN crl-25778 95 39 , , PUNCT crl-25778 95 40 particularly particularly ADV crl-25778 95 41 since since SCONJ crl-25778 95 42 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 95 43 , , PUNCT crl-25778 95 44 to to PART crl-25778 95 45 get get VERB crl-25778 95 46 a a DET crl-25778 95 47 sense sense NOUN crl-25778 95 48 of of ADP crl-25778 95 49 changes change NOUN crl-25778 95 50 . . PUNCT crl-25778 96 1 prior prior ADV crl-25778 96 2 to to ADP crl-25778 96 3 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 96 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 96 5 there there PRON crl-25778 96 6 was be VERB crl-25778 96 7 fairly fairly ADV crl-25778 96 8 steady steady ADJ crl-25778 96 9 but but CCONJ crl-25778 96 10 slow slow ADJ crl-25778 96 11 growth growth NOUN crl-25778 96 12 in in ADP crl-25778 96 13 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 96 14 through through ADP crl-25778 96 15 2008 2008 NUM crl-25778 96 16 , , PUNCT crl-25778 96 17 then then ADV crl-25778 96 18 a a DET crl-25778 96 19 slight slight ADJ crl-25778 96 20 decline decline NOUN crl-25778 96 21 for for ADP crl-25778 96 22 all all DET crl-25778 96 23 regions region NOUN crl-25778 96 24 in in ADP crl-25778 96 25 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 96 26 , , PUNCT crl-25778 96 27 presumably presumably ADV crl-25778 96 28 following follow VERB crl-25778 96 29 the the DET crl-25778 96 30 2008 2008 NUM crl-25778 96 31 recession recession NOUN crl-25778 96 32 . . PUNCT crl-25778 97 1 from from ADP crl-25778 97 2 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 97 3 onward onward NOUN crl-25778 97 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 97 5 it it PRON crl-25778 97 6 is be AUX crl-25778 97 7 less less ADV crl-25778 97 8 consistent consistent ADJ crl-25778 97 9 . . PUNCT crl-25778 98 1 the the DET crl-25778 98 2 southeast southeast ADJ crl-25778 98 3 and and CCONJ crl-25778 98 4 central central ADJ crl-25778 98 5 follow follow VERB crl-25778 98 6 a a DET crl-25778 98 7 similar similar ADJ crl-25778 98 8 trajectory trajectory NOUN crl-25778 98 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 98 10 with with ADP crl-25778 98 11 a a DET crl-25778 98 12 slight slight ADJ crl-25778 98 13 increase increase NOUN crl-25778 98 14 in in ADP crl-25778 98 15 2014 2014 NUM crl-25778 98 16 and and CCONJ crl-25778 98 17 declines decline VERB crl-25778 98 18 from from ADP crl-25778 98 19 2016–2020 2016–2020 NUM crl-25778 98 20 . . PUNCT crl-25778 99 1 the the DET crl-25778 99 2 northeast northeast NOUN crl-25778 99 3 has have AUX crl-25778 99 4 fluctuated fluctuate VERB crl-25778 99 5 , , PUNCT crl-25778 99 6 ending end VERB crl-25778 99 7 at at ADP crl-25778 99 8 the the DET crl-25778 99 9 same same ADJ crl-25778 99 10 number number NOUN crl-25778 99 11 in in ADP crl-25778 99 12 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 99 13 and and CCONJ crl-25778 99 14 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 99 15 . . PUNCT crl-25778 100 1 the the DET crl-25778 100 2 west west NOUN crl-25778 100 3 was be AUX crl-25778 100 4 fairly fairly ADV crl-25778 100 5 steady steady ADJ crl-25778 100 6 over over ADP crl-25778 100 7 time time NOUN crl-25778 100 8 but but CCONJ crl-25778 100 9 shows show VERB crl-25778 100 10 a a DET crl-25778 100 11 slight slight ADJ crl-25778 100 12 increase increase NOUN crl-25778 100 13 from from ADP crl-25778 100 14 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 100 15 to to ADP crl-25778 100 16 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 100 17 . . PUNCT crl-25778 101 1 in in ADP crl-25778 101 2 the the DET crl-25778 101 3 previous previous ADJ crl-25778 101 4 study study NOUN crl-25778 101 5 , , PUNCT crl-25778 101 6 we we PRON crl-25778 101 7 observed observe VERB crl-25778 101 8 a a DET crl-25778 101 9 decrease decrease NOUN crl-25778 101 10 in in ADP crl-25778 101 11 average average ADJ crl-25778 101 12 number number NOUN crl-25778 101 13 of of ADP crl-25778 101 14 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 101 15 per per ADP crl-25778 101 16 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 101 17 across across ADP crl-25778 101 18 all all DET crl-25778 101 19 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 101 20 and and CCONJ crl-25778 101 21 size size NOUN crl-25778 101 22 categories category NOUN crl-25778 101 23 from from ADP crl-25778 101 24 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 101 25 to to ADP crl-25778 101 26 2016 2016 NUM crl-25778 101 27 . . PUNCT crl-25778 102 1 this this DET crl-25778 102 2 trend trend NOUN crl-25778 102 3 continued continue VERB crl-25778 102 4 into into ADP crl-25778 102 5 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 102 6 for for ADP crl-25778 102 7 the the DET crl-25778 102 8 central central ADJ crl-25778 102 9 and and CCONJ crl-25778 102 10 southwest southwest ADJ crl-25778 102 11 regions region NOUN crl-25778 102 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 102 13 but but CCONJ crl-25778 102 14 differed differ VERB crl-25778 102 15 for for ADP crl-25778 102 16 the the DET crl-25778 102 17 northeast northeast NOUN crl-25778 102 18 and and CCONJ crl-25778 102 19 west west PROPN crl-25778 102 20 , , PUNCT crl-25778 102 21 the the DET crl-25778 102 22 two two NUM crl-25778 102 23 regions region NOUN crl-25778 102 24 with with ADP crl-25778 102 25 higher high ADJ crl-25778 102 26 concentrations concentration NOUN crl-25778 102 27 of of ADP crl-25778 102 28 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-25778 102 29 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 102 30 . . PUNCT crl-25778 103 1 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 103 2 in in ADP crl-25778 103 3 the the DET crl-25778 103 4 west west NOUN crl-25778 103 5 have have AUX crl-25778 103 6 slightly slightly ADV crl-25778 103 7 increased increase VERB crl-25778 103 8 in in ADP crl-25778 103 9 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 103 10 since since SCONJ crl-25778 103 11 2016 2016 NUM crl-25778 103 12 and and CCONJ crl-25778 103 13 the the DET crl-25778 103 14 northeast northeast NOUN crl-25778 103 15 is be AUX crl-25778 103 16 overall overall ADV crl-25778 103 17 higher high ADJ crl-25778 103 18 but but CCONJ crl-25778 103 19 inconsistent inconsistent ADJ crl-25778 103 20 in in ADP crl-25778 103 21 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 103 22 of of ADP crl-25778 103 23 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 103 24 in in ADP crl-25778 103 25 this this DET crl-25778 103 26 time time NOUN crl-25778 103 27 period period NOUN crl-25778 103 28 . . PUNCT crl-25778 104 1 library library NOUN crl-25778 104 2 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 104 3 in in ADP crl-25778 104 4 contrast contrast NOUN crl-25778 104 5 to to ADP crl-25778 104 6 library library NOUN crl-25778 104 7 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 104 8 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 104 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 104 10 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 104 11 data datum NOUN crl-25778 104 12 is be AUX crl-25778 104 13 consistent consistent ADJ crl-25778 104 14 in in ADP crl-25778 104 15 its its PRON crl-25778 104 16 reporting reporting NOUN crl-25778 104 17 across across ADP crl-25778 104 18 all all DET crl-25778 104 19 years year NOUN crl-25778 104 20 from from ADP crl-25778 104 21 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 104 22 to to ADP crl-25778 104 23 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 104 24 . . PUNCT crl-25778 105 1 for for ADP crl-25778 105 2 all all DET crl-25778 105 3 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 105 4 data datum NOUN crl-25778 105 5 , , PUNCT crl-25778 105 6 values value NOUN crl-25778 105 7 have have AUX crl-25778 105 8 been be AUX crl-25778 105 9 adjusted adjust VERB crl-25778 105 10 for for ADP crl-25778 105 11 inflation inflation NOUN crl-25778 105 12 to to ADP crl-25778 105 13 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 105 14 dollars dollar NOUN crl-25778 105 15 . . PUNCT crl-25778 106 1 our our PRON crl-25778 106 2 previous previous ADJ crl-25778 106 3 study study NOUN crl-25778 106 4 focused focus VERB crl-25778 106 5 exclusively exclusively ADV crl-25778 106 6 on on ADP crl-25778 106 7 staffing staff VERB crl-25778 106 8 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 106 9 by by ADP crl-25778 106 10 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 106 11 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 106 12 and and CCONJ crl-25778 106 13 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 106 14 size size NOUN crl-25778 106 15 through through ADP crl-25778 106 16 2016 2016 NUM crl-25778 106 17 . . PUNCT crl-25778 107 1 when when SCONJ crl-25778 107 2 grouped group VERB crl-25778 107 3 by by ADP crl-25778 107 4 region region NOUN crl-25778 107 5 , , PUNCT crl-25778 107 6 total total ADJ crl-25778 107 7 library library NOUN crl-25778 107 8 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 107 9 between between ADP crl-25778 107 10 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 107 11 and and CCONJ crl-25778 107 12 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 107 13 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 107 14 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 107 15 11 11 NUM crl-25778 107 16 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 107 17 have have AUX crl-25778 107 18 increased increase VERB crl-25778 107 19 across across ADP crl-25778 107 20 all all DET crl-25778 107 21 regions region NOUN crl-25778 107 22 . . PUNCT crl-25778 108 1 this this DET crl-25778 108 2 increase increase NOUN crl-25778 108 3 across across ADP crl-25778 108 4 all all DET crl-25778 108 5 regions region NOUN crl-25778 108 6 is be AUX crl-25778 108 7 also also ADV crl-25778 108 8 noticeable noticeable ADJ crl-25778 108 9 across across ADP crl-25778 108 10 the the DET crl-25778 108 11 two two NUM crl-25778 108 12 major major ADJ crl-25778 108 13 expenditure expenditure NOUN crl-25778 108 14 categories category NOUN crl-25778 108 15 of of ADP crl-25778 108 16 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 108 17 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 108 18 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 108 19 12 12 NUM crl-25778 108 20 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 108 21 and and CCONJ crl-25778 108 22 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 108 23 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 108 24 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 108 25 13 13 NUM crl-25778 108 26 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 108 27 . . PUNCT crl-25778 109 1 overall overall ADV crl-25778 109 2 , , PUNCT crl-25778 109 3 the the DET crl-25778 109 4 central central ADJ crl-25778 109 5 region region NOUN crl-25778 109 6 has have AUX crl-25778 109 7 experienced experience VERB crl-25778 109 8 the the DET crl-25778 109 9 smallest small ADJ crl-25778 109 10 change change NOUN crl-25778 109 11 over over ADP crl-25778 109 12 time time NOUN crl-25778 109 13 in in ADP crl-25778 109 14 total total ADJ crl-25778 109 15 library library ADJ crl-25778 109 16 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 109 17 in in ADP crl-25778 109 18 this this DET crl-25778 109 19 24 24 NUM crl-25778 109 20 - - PUNCT crl-25778 109 21 year year NOUN crl-25778 109 22 period period NOUN crl-25778 109 23 . . PUNCT crl-25778 110 1 all all DET crl-25778 110 2 regions region NOUN crl-25778 110 3 were be AUX crl-25778 110 4 at at ADP crl-25778 110 5 least least ADJ crl-25778 110 6 slightly slightly ADV crl-25778 110 7 down down ADV crl-25778 110 8 in in ADP crl-25778 110 9 total total ADJ crl-25778 110 10 , , PUNCT crl-25778 110 11 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 110 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 110 13 and and CCONJ crl-25778 110 14 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 110 15 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 110 16 from from ADP crl-25778 110 17 2018 2018 NUM crl-25778 110 18 to to ADP crl-25778 110 19 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 110 20 . . PUNCT crl-25778 111 1 within within ADP crl-25778 111 2 this this DET crl-25778 111 3 time time NOUN crl-25778 111 4 period period NOUN crl-25778 111 5 , , PUNCT crl-25778 111 6 total total ADJ crl-25778 111 7 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 111 8 decreased decrease VERB crl-25778 111 9 in in ADP crl-25778 111 10 all all DET crl-25778 111 11 regions region NOUN crl-25778 111 12 from from ADP crl-25778 111 13 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 111 14 to to ADP crl-25778 111 15 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 111 16 , , PUNCT crl-25778 111 17 but but CCONJ crl-25778 111 18 then then ADV crl-25778 111 19 increased increase VERB crl-25778 111 20 again again ADV crl-25778 111 21 from from ADP crl-25778 111 22 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 111 23 to to ADP crl-25778 111 24 2014 2014 NUM crl-25778 111 25 . . PUNCT crl-25778 112 1 since since SCONJ crl-25778 112 2 2014 2014 NUM crl-25778 112 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 112 4 total total ADJ crl-25778 112 5 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 112 6 in in ADP crl-25778 112 7 the the DET crl-25778 112 8 central central ADJ crl-25778 112 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 112 10 northeast northeast ADJ crl-25778 112 11 , , PUNCT crl-25778 112 12 and and CCONJ crl-25778 112 13 southeast southeast ADJ crl-25778 112 14 regions region NOUN crl-25778 112 15 have have AUX crl-25778 112 16 decreased decrease VERB crl-25778 112 17 , , PUNCT crl-25778 112 18 with with ADP crl-25778 112 19 the the DET crl-25778 112 20 sharpest sharp ADJ crl-25778 112 21 decline decline NOUN crl-25778 112 22 in in ADP crl-25778 112 23 the the DET crl-25778 112 24 central central ADJ crl-25778 112 25 region region NOUN crl-25778 112 26 . . PUNCT crl-25778 113 1 in in ADP crl-25778 113 2 contrast contrast NOUN crl-25778 113 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 113 4 the the DET crl-25778 113 5 west west NOUN crl-25778 113 6 has have AUX crl-25778 113 7 on on ADP crl-25778 113 8 average average ADJ crl-25778 113 9 increased increase VERB crl-25778 113 10 since since SCONJ crl-25778 113 11 2014 2014 NUM crl-25778 113 12 in in ADP crl-25778 113 13 total total ADJ crl-25778 113 14 library library NOUN crl-25778 113 15 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 113 16 . . PUNCT crl-25778 114 1 the the DET crl-25778 114 2 decrease decrease NOUN crl-25778 114 3 in in ADP crl-25778 114 4 total total ADJ crl-25778 114 5 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 114 6 from from ADP crl-25778 114 7 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 114 8 to to ADP crl-25778 114 9 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 114 10 seems seems AUX crl-25778 114 11 primarily primarily ADV crl-25778 114 12 driven drive VERB crl-25778 114 13 by by ADP crl-25778 114 14 decreases decrease NOUN crl-25778 114 15 in in ADP crl-25778 114 16 staffing staff VERB crl-25778 114 17 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 114 18 across across ADP crl-25778 114 19 all all DET crl-25778 114 20 regions region NOUN crl-25778 114 21 . . PUNCT crl-25778 115 1 in in ADP crl-25778 115 2 figures figure NOUN crl-25778 115 3 12 12 NUM crl-25778 115 4 and and CCONJ crl-25778 115 5 13 13 NUM crl-25778 115 6 , , PUNCT crl-25778 115 7 we we PRON crl-25778 115 8 see see VERB crl-25778 115 9 that that SCONJ crl-25778 115 10 in in ADP crl-25778 115 11 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 115 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 115 13 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 115 14 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 115 15 remained remain VERB crl-25778 115 16 flat flat ADJ crl-25778 115 17 for for ADP crl-25778 115 18 the the DET crl-25778 115 19 southeast southeast NOUN crl-25778 115 20 , , PUNCT crl-25778 115 21 and and CCONJ crl-25778 115 22 decreased decrease VERB crl-25778 115 23 by by ADP crl-25778 115 24 $ $ SYM crl-25778 115 25 .1 .1 NOUN crl-25778 115 26 m m NOUN crl-25778 115 27 in in ADP crl-25778 115 28 the the DET crl-25778 115 29 other other ADJ crl-25778 115 30 three three NUM crl-25778 115 31 regions region NOUN crl-25778 115 32 , , PUNCT crl-25778 115 33 while while SCONJ crl-25778 115 34 there there PRON crl-25778 115 35 was be VERB crl-25778 115 36 a a DET crl-25778 115 37 drop drop NOUN crl-25778 115 38 in in ADP crl-25778 115 39 staffing staff VERB crl-25778 115 40 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 115 41 . . PUNCT crl-25778 116 1 during during ADP crl-25778 116 2 this this DET crl-25778 116 3 period period NOUN crl-25778 116 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 116 5 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 116 6 to to ADP crl-25778 116 7 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 116 8 , , PUNCT crl-25778 116 9 the the DET crl-25778 116 10 average average ADJ crl-25778 116 11 number number NOUN crl-25778 116 12 of of ADP crl-25778 116 13 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 116 14 fell fall VERB crl-25778 116 15 slightly slightly ADV crl-25778 116 16 for for ADP crl-25778 116 17 all all DET crl-25778 116 18 regions region NOUN crl-25778 116 19 except except SCONJ crl-25778 116 20 the the DET crl-25778 116 21 southeast southeast NOUN crl-25778 116 22 , , PUNCT crl-25778 116 23 which which PRON crl-25778 116 24 rose rise VERB crl-25778 116 25 slightly slightly ADV crl-25778 116 26 from from ADP crl-25778 116 27 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 116 28 of of ADP crl-25778 116 29 united united PROPN crl-25778 116 30 states states PROPN crl-25778 116 31 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 116 32 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 116 33 in in ADP crl-25778 116 34 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 116 35 and and CCONJ crl-25778 116 36 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 116 37 changes change NOUN crl-25778 116 38 295 295 NUM crl-25778 116 39 9.0 9.0 NUM crl-25778 116 40 to to ADP crl-25778 116 41 9.1 9.1 NUM crl-25778 116 42 fte.25 fte.25 VERB crl-25778 116 43 the the DET crl-25778 116 44 average average ADJ crl-25778 116 45 number number NOUN crl-25778 116 46 of of ADP crl-25778 116 47 total total ADJ crl-25778 116 48 library library NOUN crl-25778 116 49 staff staff NOUN crl-25778 116 50 also also ADV crl-25778 116 51 decreased decrease VERB crl-25778 116 52 from from ADP crl-25778 116 53 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 116 54 to to ADP crl-25778 116 55 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 116 56 , , PUNCT crl-25778 116 57 and and CCONJ crl-25778 116 58 had have AUX crl-25778 116 59 been be AUX crl-25778 116 60 decreasing decrease VERB crl-25778 116 61 since since SCONJ crl-25778 116 62 2008 2008 NUM crl-25778 116 63 for for ADP crl-25778 116 64 all all DET crl-25778 116 65 regions region NOUN crl-25778 116 66 , , PUNCT crl-25778 116 67 although although SCONJ crl-25778 116 68 this this PRON crl-25778 116 69 does do AUX crl-25778 116 70 not not PART crl-25778 116 71 completely completely ADV crl-25778 116 72 explain explain VERB crl-25778 116 73 the the DET crl-25778 116 74 specific specific ADJ crl-25778 116 75 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 116 76 expenditure expenditure NOUN crl-25778 116 77 decrease decrease NOUN crl-25778 116 78 from from ADP crl-25778 116 79 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 116 80 to to ADP crl-25778 116 81 2012.26 2012.26 NUM crl-25778 116 82 in in ADP crl-25778 116 83 contrast contrast NOUN crl-25778 116 84 , , PUNCT crl-25778 116 85 the the DET crl-25778 116 86 increase increase NOUN crl-25778 116 87 in in ADP crl-25778 116 88 total total ADJ crl-25778 116 89 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 116 90 from from ADP crl-25778 116 91 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 116 92 to to ADP crl-25778 116 93 2014 2014 NUM crl-25778 116 94 appears appear VERB crl-25778 116 95 to to PART crl-25778 116 96 be be AUX crl-25778 116 97 driven drive VERB crl-25778 116 98 by by ADP crl-25778 116 99 both both DET crl-25778 116 100 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 116 101 and and CCONJ crl-25778 116 102 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 116 103 increases increase NOUN crl-25778 116 104 , , PUNCT crl-25778 116 105 with with ADP crl-25778 116 106 a a DET crl-25778 116 107 steeper steep ADJ crl-25778 116 108 increase increase NOUN crl-25778 116 109 in in ADP crl-25778 116 110 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 116 111 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 116 112 . . PUNCT crl-25778 117 1 all all DET crl-25778 117 2 regions region NOUN crl-25778 117 3 increased increase VERB crl-25778 117 4 overall overall ADV crl-25778 117 5 from from ADP crl-25778 117 6 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 117 7 to to ADP crl-25778 117 8 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 117 9 in in ADP crl-25778 117 10 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 117 11 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 117 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 117 13 increasing increase VERB crl-25778 117 14 almost almost ADV crl-25778 117 15 every every PRON crl-25778 117 16 year year NOUN crl-25778 117 17 until until ADP crl-25778 117 18 2014 2014 NUM crl-25778 117 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 117 20 at at ADP crl-25778 117 21 which which DET crl-25778 117 22 point point NOUN crl-25778 117 23 the the DET crl-25778 117 24 trajectory trajectory NOUN crl-25778 117 25 for for ADP crl-25778 117 26 all all DET crl-25778 117 27 regions region NOUN crl-25778 117 28 shifts shift NOUN crl-25778 117 29 to to ADP crl-25778 117 30 being be AUX crl-25778 117 31 flat flat ADJ crl-25778 117 32 or or CCONJ crl-25778 117 33 decreasing decrease VERB crl-25778 117 34 slightly slightly ADV crl-25778 117 35 , , PUNCT crl-25778 117 36 with with ADP crl-25778 117 37 the the DET crl-25778 117 38 steepest steep ADJ crl-25778 117 39 decline decline NOUN crl-25778 117 40 in in ADP crl-25778 117 41 the the DET crl-25778 117 42 central central ADJ crl-25778 117 43 region region NOUN crl-25778 117 44 from from ADP crl-25778 117 45 2014 2014 NUM crl-25778 117 46 to to ADP crl-25778 117 47 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 117 48 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 117 49 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 117 50 13 13 NUM crl-25778 117 51 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 117 52 . . PUNCT crl-25778 118 1 for for ADP crl-25778 118 2 all all DET crl-25778 118 3 three three NUM crl-25778 118 4 figures figure NOUN crl-25778 118 5 , , PUNCT crl-25778 118 6 the the DET crl-25778 118 7 northeast northeast ADJ crl-25778 118 8 and and CCONJ crl-25778 118 9 west west ADJ crl-25778 118 10 regions region NOUN crl-25778 118 11 are be AUX crl-25778 118 12 the the DET crl-25778 118 13 highest high ADJ crl-25778 118 14 trend trend NOUN crl-25778 118 15 lines line NOUN crl-25778 118 16 . . PUNCT crl-25778 119 1 the the DET crl-25778 119 2 fact fact NOUN crl-25778 119 3 that that SCONJ crl-25778 119 4 northeast northeast ADV crl-25778 119 5 and and CCONJ crl-25778 119 6 west west PROPN crl-25778 119 7 have have AUX crl-25778 119 8 the the DET crl-25778 119 9 highest high ADJ crl-25778 119 10 concentration concentration NOUN crl-25778 119 11 of of ADP crl-25778 119 12 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-25778 119 13 / / SYM crl-25778 119 14 research research NOUN crl-25778 119 15 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 119 16 helps help VERB crl-25778 119 17 explain explain VERB crl-25778 119 18 why why SCONJ crl-25778 119 19 their their PRON crl-25778 119 20 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 119 21 are be AUX crl-25778 119 22 so so ADV crl-25778 119 23 much much ADV crl-25778 119 24 higher high ADJ crl-25778 119 25 than than ADP crl-25778 119 26 the the DET crl-25778 119 27 other other ADJ crl-25778 119 28 regions region NOUN crl-25778 119 29 for for ADP crl-25778 119 30 total total NOUN crl-25778 119 31 and and CCONJ crl-25778 119 32 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 119 33 . . PUNCT crl-25778 120 1 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 120 2 is be AUX crl-25778 120 3 a a DET crl-25778 120 4 large large ADJ crl-25778 120 5 portion portion NOUN crl-25778 120 6 of of ADP crl-25778 120 7 total total ADJ crl-25778 120 8 library library ADJ crl-25778 120 9 budgets budget NOUN crl-25778 120 10 in in ADP crl-25778 120 11 general general ADJ crl-25778 120 12 . . PUNCT crl-25778 121 1 in in ADP crl-25778 121 2 our our PRON crl-25778 121 3 previous previous ADJ crl-25778 121 4 study study NOUN crl-25778 121 5 we we PRON crl-25778 121 6 noted note VERB crl-25778 121 7 that that SCONJ crl-25778 121 8 staffing staff VERB crl-25778 121 9 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 121 10 by by ADP crl-25778 121 11 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 121 12 grouping grouping NOUN crl-25778 121 13 were be AUX crl-25778 121 14 on on ADP crl-25778 121 15 average average ADJ crl-25778 121 16 anywhere anywhere ADV crl-25778 121 17 from from ADP crl-25778 121 18 40 40 NUM crl-25778 121 19 % % NOUN crl-25778 121 20 to to PART crl-25778 121 21 70 70 NUM crl-25778 121 22 % % NOUN crl-25778 121 23 of of ADP crl-25778 121 24 total total ADJ crl-25778 121 25 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 121 26 in in ADP crl-25778 121 27 a a DET crl-25778 121 28 particular particular ADJ crl-25778 121 29 year year NOUN crl-25778 121 30 , , PUNCT crl-25778 121 31 with with ADP crl-25778 121 32 associate associate NOUN crl-25778 121 33 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 121 34 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 121 35 consistently consistently ADV crl-25778 121 36 devoting devote VERB crl-25778 121 37 a a DET crl-25778 121 38 higher high ADJ crl-25778 121 39 percentage percentage NOUN crl-25778 121 40 of of ADP crl-25778 121 41 their their PRON crl-25778 121 42 total total ADJ crl-25778 121 43 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 121 44 to to ADP crl-25778 121 45 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 121 46 and and CCONJ crl-25778 121 47 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-25778 121 48 / / SYM crl-25778 121 49 research research NOUN crl-25778 121 50 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 121 51 spending spend VERB crl-25778 121 52 a a DET crl-25778 121 53 lower low ADJ crl-25778 121 54 percentage percentage NOUN crl-25778 121 55 on on ADP crl-25778 121 56 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 121 57 and and CCONJ crl-25778 121 58 more more ADJ crl-25778 121 59 on on ADP crl-25778 121 60 collections.27 collections.27 PROPN crl-25778 121 61 although although SCONJ crl-25778 121 62 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-25778 121 63 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 121 64 spend spend VERB crl-25778 121 65 a a DET crl-25778 121 66 lower low ADJ crl-25778 121 67 percentage percentage NOUN crl-25778 121 68 of of ADP crl-25778 121 69 their their PRON crl-25778 121 70 total total ADJ crl-25778 121 71 budgets budget NOUN crl-25778 121 72 on on ADP crl-25778 121 73 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 121 74 , , PUNCT crl-25778 121 75 nonetheless nonetheless ADV crl-25778 121 76 their their PRON crl-25778 121 77 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 121 78 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 121 79 are be AUX crl-25778 121 80 higher high ADJ crl-25778 121 81 in in ADP crl-25778 121 82 total total NOUN crl-25778 121 83 since since SCONJ crl-25778 121 84 they they PRON crl-25778 121 85 have have VERB crl-25778 121 86 higher high ADJ crl-25778 121 87 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 121 88 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 121 89 . . PUNCT crl-25778 122 1 given give VERB crl-25778 122 2 the the DET crl-25778 122 3 higher high ADJ crl-25778 122 4 concentration concentration NOUN crl-25778 122 5 of of ADP crl-25778 122 6 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-25778 122 7 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 122 8 in in ADP crl-25778 122 9 the the DET crl-25778 122 10 northeast northeast NOUN crl-25778 122 11 and and CCONJ crl-25778 122 12 west west NOUN crl-25778 122 13 , , PUNCT crl-25778 122 14 higher high ADJ crl-25778 122 15 overall overall ADJ crl-25778 122 16 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 122 17 make make VERB crl-25778 122 18 sense sense NOUN crl-25778 122 19 . . PUNCT crl-25778 123 1 research research NOUN crl-25778 123 2 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 123 3 expectations expectation NOUN crl-25778 123 4 around around ADP crl-25778 123 5 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 123 6 and and CCONJ crl-25778 123 7 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 123 8 contribute contribute VERB crl-25778 123 9 to to ADP crl-25778 123 10 higher high ADJ crl-25778 123 11 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 123 12 in in ADP crl-25778 123 13 those those DET crl-25778 123 14 categories category NOUN crl-25778 123 15 for for ADP crl-25778 123 16 these these DET crl-25778 123 17 regions region NOUN crl-25778 123 18 . . PUNCT crl-25778 124 1 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 124 2 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 124 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 124 4 which which PRON crl-25778 124 5 also also ADV crl-25778 124 6 increased increase VERB crl-25778 124 7 across across ADP crl-25778 124 8 time time NOUN crl-25778 124 9 for for ADP crl-25778 124 10 all all DET crl-25778 124 11 regions region NOUN crl-25778 124 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 124 13 show show VERB crl-25778 124 14 more more ADJ crl-25778 124 15 similarities similarity NOUN crl-25778 124 16 across across ADP crl-25778 124 17 regions region NOUN crl-25778 124 18 in in ADP crl-25778 124 19 their their PRON crl-25778 124 20 trajectories trajectory NOUN crl-25778 124 21 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 124 22 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 124 23 13 13 NUM crl-25778 124 24 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 124 25 . . PUNCT crl-25778 125 1 the the DET crl-25778 125 2 northeast northeast NOUN crl-25778 125 3 and and CCONJ crl-25778 125 4 west west NOUN crl-25778 125 5 are be AUX crl-25778 125 6 still still ADV crl-25778 125 7 highest high ADJ crl-25778 125 8 , , PUNCT crl-25778 125 9 again again ADV crl-25778 125 10 perhaps perhaps ADV crl-25778 125 11 due due ADP crl-25778 125 12 to to ADP crl-25778 125 13 the the DET crl-25778 125 14 high high ADJ crl-25778 125 15 number number NOUN crl-25778 125 16 of of ADP crl-25778 125 17 research research NOUN crl-25778 125 18 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 125 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 125 20 which which PRON crl-25778 125 21 tend tend VERB crl-25778 125 22 to to PART crl-25778 125 23 have have VERB crl-25778 125 24 larger large ADJ crl-25778 125 25 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 125 26 budgets budget NOUN crl-25778 125 27 . . PUNCT crl-25778 126 1 the the DET crl-25778 126 2 trend trend NOUN crl-25778 126 3 lines line NOUN crl-25778 126 4 are be AUX crl-25778 126 5 mostly mostly ADV crl-25778 126 6 parallel parallel ADJ crl-25778 126 7 for for ADP crl-25778 126 8 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 126 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 126 10 with with ADP crl-25778 126 11 all all DET crl-25778 126 12 regions region NOUN crl-25778 126 13 exhibiting exhibit VERB crl-25778 126 14 similar similar ADJ crl-25778 126 15 growth growth NOUN crl-25778 126 16 but but CCONJ crl-25778 126 17 on on ADP crl-25778 126 18 a a DET crl-25778 126 19 different different ADJ crl-25778 126 20 scale scale NOUN crl-25778 126 21 . . PUNCT crl-25778 127 1 for for ADP crl-25778 127 2 example example NOUN crl-25778 127 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 127 4 immediately immediately ADV crl-25778 127 5 following follow VERB crl-25778 127 6 the the DET crl-25778 127 7 2008 2008 NUM crl-25778 127 8 recession recession NOUN crl-25778 127 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 127 10 from from ADP crl-25778 127 11 2008 2008 NUM crl-25778 127 12 to to ADP crl-25778 127 13 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 127 14 , , PUNCT crl-25778 127 15 trend trend NOUN crl-25778 127 16 lines line NOUN crl-25778 127 17 are be AUX crl-25778 127 18 flatter flatter ADJ crl-25778 127 19 for for ADP crl-25778 127 20 all all DET crl-25778 127 21 regions region NOUN crl-25778 127 22 . . PUNCT crl-25778 128 1 these these DET crl-25778 128 2 parallel parallel ADJ crl-25778 128 3 trajectories trajectory NOUN crl-25778 128 4 across across ADP crl-25778 128 5 regions region NOUN crl-25778 128 6 are be AUX crl-25778 128 7 logical logical ADJ crl-25778 128 8 , , PUNCT crl-25778 128 9 given give VERB crl-25778 128 10 that that SCONJ crl-25778 128 11 changes change NOUN crl-25778 128 12 in in ADP crl-25778 128 13 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 128 14 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 128 15 are be AUX crl-25778 128 16 largely largely ADV crl-25778 128 17 determined determine VERB crl-25778 128 18 by by ADP crl-25778 128 19 increases increase NOUN crl-25778 128 20 in in ADP crl-25778 128 21 pricing pricing NOUN crl-25778 128 22 that that PRON crl-25778 128 23 affect affect VERB crl-25778 128 24 all all DET crl-25778 128 25 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 128 26 such such ADJ crl-25778 128 27 as as ADP crl-25778 128 28 industry industry NOUN crl-25778 128 29 - - PUNCT crl-25778 128 30 wide wide ADJ crl-25778 128 31 increases increase NOUN crl-25778 128 32 in in ADP crl-25778 128 33 subscription subscription NOUN crl-25778 128 34 costs cost NOUN crl-25778 128 35 . . PUNCT crl-25778 129 1 the the DET crl-25778 129 2 inflation inflation NOUN crl-25778 129 3 - - PUNCT crl-25778 129 4 adjusted adjust VERB crl-25778 129 5 values value NOUN crl-25778 129 6 discussed discuss VERB crl-25778 129 7 here here ADV crl-25778 129 8 provide provide VERB crl-25778 129 9 insight insight NOUN crl-25778 129 10 into into ADP crl-25778 129 11 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 129 12 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 129 13 ’ ' PUNCT crl-25778 129 14 actual actual ADJ crl-25778 129 15 experiences experience NOUN crl-25778 129 16 . . PUNCT crl-25778 130 1 when when SCONJ crl-25778 130 2 not not PART crl-25778 130 3 adjusted adjust VERB crl-25778 130 4 for for ADP crl-25778 130 5 inflation inflation NOUN crl-25778 130 6 , , PUNCT crl-25778 130 7 the the DET crl-25778 130 8 trend trend NOUN crl-25778 130 9 lines line NOUN crl-25778 130 10 for for ADP crl-25778 130 11 all all DET crl-25778 130 12 types type NOUN crl-25778 130 13 of of ADP crl-25778 130 14 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 130 15 are be AUX crl-25778 130 16 much much ADV crl-25778 130 17 steeper steep ADJ crl-25778 130 18 , , PUNCT crl-25778 130 19 with with ADP crl-25778 130 20 almost almost ADV crl-25778 130 21 completely completely ADV crl-25778 130 22 consistent consistent ADJ crl-25778 130 23 year year NOUN crl-25778 130 24 - - PUNCT crl-25778 130 25 over over ADP crl-25778 130 26 - - PUNCT crl-25778 130 27 year year NOUN crl-25778 130 28 increases increase NOUN crl-25778 130 29 in in ADP crl-25778 130 30 total total ADJ crl-25778 130 31 , , PUNCT crl-25778 130 32 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 130 33 , , PUNCT crl-25778 130 34 and and CCONJ crl-25778 130 35 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 130 36 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 130 37 . . PUNCT crl-25778 131 1 budgets budget NOUN crl-25778 131 2 have have AUX crl-25778 131 3 increased increase VERB crl-25778 131 4 substantially substantially ADV crl-25778 131 5 in in ADP crl-25778 131 6 dollar dollar NOUN crl-25778 131 7 amounts amount NOUN crl-25778 131 8 since since SCONJ crl-25778 131 9 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 131 10 , , PUNCT crl-25778 131 11 but but CCONJ crl-25778 131 12 this this PRON crl-25778 131 13 provides provide VERB crl-25778 131 14 an an DET crl-25778 131 15 incomplete incomplete ADJ crl-25778 131 16 representation representation NOUN crl-25778 131 17 of of ADP crl-25778 131 18 the the DET crl-25778 131 19 resources resource NOUN crl-25778 131 20 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 131 21 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 131 22 have have VERB crl-25778 131 23 available available ADJ crl-25778 131 24 to to ADP crl-25778 131 25 them they PRON crl-25778 131 26 . . PUNCT crl-25778 132 1 as as ADP crl-25778 132 2 an an DET crl-25778 132 3 example example NOUN crl-25778 132 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 132 5 ever ever ADV crl-25778 132 6 - - PUNCT crl-25778 132 7 increasing increase VERB crl-25778 132 8 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 132 9 costs cost NOUN crl-25778 132 10 , , PUNCT crl-25778 132 11 especially especially ADV crl-25778 132 12 for for ADP crl-25778 132 13 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 132 14 journals journal NOUN crl-25778 132 15 , , PUNCT crl-25778 132 16 have have AUX crl-25778 132 17 outpaced outpace VERB crl-25778 132 18 inflation inflation NOUN crl-25778 132 19 and and CCONJ crl-25778 132 20 have have AUX crl-25778 132 21 been be AUX crl-25778 132 22 of of ADP crl-25778 132 23 significant significant ADJ crl-25778 132 24 concern concern NOUN crl-25778 132 25 to to ADP crl-25778 132 26 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 132 27 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 132 28 for for ADP crl-25778 132 29 decades.28 decades.28 NOUN crl-25778 132 30 despite despite SCONJ crl-25778 132 31 increases increase NOUN crl-25778 132 32 in in ADP crl-25778 132 33 budgets budget NOUN crl-25778 132 34 from from ADP crl-25778 132 35 year year NOUN crl-25778 132 36 to to ADP crl-25778 132 37 year year NOUN crl-25778 132 38 , , PUNCT crl-25778 132 39 inflation inflation NOUN crl-25778 132 40 - - PUNCT crl-25778 132 41 adjusted adjust VERB crl-25778 132 42 values value NOUN crl-25778 132 43 provide provide VERB crl-25778 132 44 a a DET crl-25778 132 45 more more ADV crl-25778 132 46 accurate accurate ADJ crl-25778 132 47 indication indication NOUN crl-25778 132 48 of of ADP crl-25778 132 49 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 132 50 ’ ' PUNCT crl-25778 132 51 purchasing purchase VERB crl-25778 132 52 power power NOUN crl-25778 132 53 over over ADP crl-25778 132 54 time time NOUN crl-25778 132 55 . . PUNCT crl-25778 133 1 conclusion conclusion NOUN crl-25778 133 2 the the DET crl-25778 133 3 nces nce NOUN crl-25778 133 4 data datum NOUN crl-25778 133 5 on on ADP crl-25778 133 6 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 133 7 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 133 8 is be AUX crl-25778 133 9 a a DET crl-25778 133 10 helpful helpful ADJ crl-25778 133 11 tool tool NOUN crl-25778 133 12 for for ADP crl-25778 133 13 benchmarking benchmarke VERB crl-25778 133 14 library library NOUN crl-25778 133 15 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 133 16 and and CCONJ crl-25778 133 17 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 133 18 compared compare VERB crl-25778 133 19 to to ADP crl-25778 133 20 peers peer NOUN crl-25778 133 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 133 22 either either CCONJ crl-25778 133 23 by by ADP crl-25778 133 24 region region NOUN crl-25778 133 25 as as SCONJ crl-25778 133 26 presented present VERB crl-25778 133 27 here here ADV crl-25778 133 28 , , PUNCT crl-25778 133 29 or or CCONJ crl-25778 133 30 by by ADP crl-25778 133 31 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 133 32 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 133 33 as as SCONJ crl-25778 133 34 presented present VERB crl-25778 133 35 in in ADP crl-25778 133 36 our our PRON crl-25778 133 37 previous previous ADJ crl-25778 133 38 article article NOUN crl-25778 133 39 . . PUNCT crl-25778 134 1 it it PRON crl-25778 134 2 is be AUX crl-25778 134 3 also also ADV crl-25778 134 4 useful useful ADJ crl-25778 134 5 as as ADP crl-25778 134 6 an an DET crl-25778 134 7 overview overview NOUN crl-25778 134 8 of of ADP crl-25778 134 9 the the DET crl-25778 134 10 current current ADJ crl-25778 134 11 state state NOUN crl-25778 134 12 and and CCONJ crl-25778 134 13 potential potential ADJ crl-25778 134 14 future future ADJ crl-25778 134 15 direction direction NOUN crl-25778 134 16 of of ADP crl-25778 134 17 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 134 18 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 134 19 regarding regard VERB crl-25778 134 20 the the DET crl-25778 134 21 key key ADJ crl-25778 134 22 areas area NOUN crl-25778 134 23 of of ADP crl-25778 134 24 staffing staff VERB crl-25778 134 25 296 296 NUM crl-25778 134 26 college college PROPN crl-25778 134 27 & & CCONJ crl-25778 134 28 research research PROPN crl-25778 134 29 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 134 30 march march PROPN crl-25778 134 31 2024 2024 NUM crl-25778 134 32 and and CCONJ crl-25778 134 33 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 134 34 . . PUNCT crl-25778 135 1 viewing view VERB crl-25778 135 2 this this DET crl-25778 135 3 data datum NOUN crl-25778 135 4 over over ADP crl-25778 135 5 time time NOUN crl-25778 135 6 can can AUX crl-25778 135 7 provide provide VERB crl-25778 135 8 additional additional ADJ crl-25778 135 9 insight insight NOUN crl-25778 135 10 and and CCONJ crl-25778 135 11 stronger strong ADJ crl-25778 135 12 conclusions conclusion NOUN crl-25778 135 13 than than SCONJ crl-25778 135 14 can can AUX crl-25778 135 15 be be AUX crl-25778 135 16 observed observe VERB crl-25778 135 17 in in ADP crl-25778 135 18 a a DET crl-25778 135 19 single single ADJ crl-25778 135 20 year year NOUN crl-25778 135 21 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 135 22 data datum NOUN crl-25778 135 23 snapshot snapshot NOUN crl-25778 135 24 . . PUNCT crl-25778 136 1 while while SCONJ crl-25778 136 2 nces nce VERB crl-25778 136 3 data datum NOUN crl-25778 136 4 for for ADP crl-25778 136 5 the the DET crl-25778 136 6 most most ADV crl-25778 136 7 recent recent ADJ crl-25778 136 8 year year NOUN crl-25778 136 9 is be AUX crl-25778 136 10 easier easy ADJ crl-25778 136 11 to to PART crl-25778 136 12 use use VERB crl-25778 136 13 with with ADP crl-25778 136 14 some some PRON crl-25778 136 15 of of ADP crl-25778 136 16 the the DET crl-25778 136 17 newer new ADJ crl-25778 136 18 ipeds iped NOUN crl-25778 136 19 data datum NOUN crl-25778 136 20 tools tool NOUN crl-25778 136 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 136 22 viewing view VERB crl-25778 136 23 data datum NOUN crl-25778 136 24 over over ADP crl-25778 136 25 time time NOUN crl-25778 136 26 and and CCONJ crl-25778 136 27 by by ADP crl-25778 136 28 distinct distinct ADJ crl-25778 136 29 groups group NOUN crl-25778 136 30 such such ADJ crl-25778 136 31 as as ADP crl-25778 136 32 region region NOUN crl-25778 136 33 remains remain VERB crl-25778 136 34 challenging challenge VERB crl-25778 136 35 . . PUNCT crl-25778 137 1 the the DET crl-25778 137 2 authors author NOUN crl-25778 137 3 have have AUX crl-25778 137 4 made make VERB crl-25778 137 5 the the DET crl-25778 137 6 dataset dataset NOUN crl-25778 137 7 used use VERB crl-25778 137 8 in in ADP crl-25778 137 9 this this DET crl-25778 137 10 study study NOUN crl-25778 137 11 available available ADJ crl-25778 137 12 for for ADP crl-25778 137 13 use29 use29 ADJ crl-25778 137 14 by by ADP crl-25778 137 15 anyone anyone PRON crl-25778 137 16 for for ADP crl-25778 137 17 further further ADJ crl-25778 137 18 studies study NOUN crl-25778 137 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 137 20 or or CCONJ crl-25778 137 21 for for ADP crl-25778 137 22 creating create VERB crl-25778 137 23 custom custom NOUN crl-25778 137 24 peer peer NOUN crl-25778 137 25 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 137 26 comparisons comparison NOUN crl-25778 137 27 . . PUNCT crl-25778 138 1 data datum NOUN crl-25778 138 2 limitations limitation NOUN crl-25778 138 3 include include VERB crl-25778 138 4 those those PRON crl-25778 138 5 mentioned mention VERB crl-25778 138 6 previously previously ADV crl-25778 138 7 with with ADP crl-25778 138 8 regard regard NOUN crl-25778 138 9 to to ADP crl-25778 138 10 changes change NOUN crl-25778 138 11 in in ADP crl-25778 138 12 reporting report VERB crl-25778 138 13 over over ADP crl-25778 138 14 time time NOUN crl-25778 138 15 . . PUNCT crl-25778 139 1 additionally additionally ADV crl-25778 139 2 , , PUNCT crl-25778 139 3 the the DET crl-25778 139 4 authors author NOUN crl-25778 139 5 noted note VERB crl-25778 139 6 the the DET crl-25778 139 7 highly highly ADV crl-25778 139 8 dispersed disperse VERB crl-25778 139 9 nature nature NOUN crl-25778 139 10 of of ADP crl-25778 139 11 this this DET crl-25778 139 12 data datum NOUN crl-25778 139 13 in in ADP crl-25778 139 14 their their PRON crl-25778 139 15 previous previous ADJ crl-25778 139 16 article article NOUN crl-25778 139 17 , , PUNCT crl-25778 139 18 which which PRON crl-25778 139 19 remains remain VERB crl-25778 139 20 true true ADJ crl-25778 139 21 for for ADP crl-25778 139 22 the the DET crl-25778 139 23 additional additional ADJ crl-25778 139 24 years year NOUN crl-25778 139 25 examined examine VERB crl-25778 139 26 here here ADV crl-25778 139 27 . . PUNCT crl-25778 140 1 it it PRON crl-25778 140 2 is be AUX crl-25778 140 3 important important ADJ crl-25778 140 4 to to PART crl-25778 140 5 note note VERB crl-25778 140 6 that that SCONJ crl-25778 140 7 the the DET crl-25778 140 8 population population NOUN crl-25778 140 9 is be AUX crl-25778 140 10 large large ADJ crl-25778 140 11 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 140 12 n n NOUN crl-25778 140 13 = = NUM crl-25778 140 14 2,207 2,207 NUM crl-25778 140 15 in in ADP crl-25778 140 16 the the DET crl-25778 140 17 year year NOUN crl-25778 140 18 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 140 19 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 140 20 and and CCONJ crl-25778 140 21 composed compose VERB crl-25778 140 22 of of ADP crl-25778 140 23 highly highly ADV crl-25778 140 24 varied varied ADJ crl-25778 140 25 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 140 26 in in ADP crl-25778 140 27 terms term NOUN crl-25778 140 28 of of ADP crl-25778 140 29 size size NOUN crl-25778 140 30 and and CCONJ crl-25778 140 31 other other ADJ crl-25778 140 32 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 140 33 . . PUNCT crl-25778 141 1 the the DET crl-25778 141 2 exact exact ADJ crl-25778 141 3 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 141 4 included include VERB crl-25778 141 5 vary vary NOUN crl-25778 141 6 across across ADP crl-25778 141 7 years year NOUN crl-25778 141 8 as as ADV crl-25778 141 9 well well ADV crl-25778 141 10 , , PUNCT crl-25778 141 11 as as SCONJ crl-25778 141 12 not not PART crl-25778 141 13 all all DET crl-25778 141 14 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 141 15 report report VERB crl-25778 141 16 every every DET crl-25778 141 17 year year NOUN crl-25778 141 18 . . PUNCT crl-25778 142 1 averages average NOUN crl-25778 142 2 are be AUX crl-25778 142 3 provided provide VERB crl-25778 142 4 here here ADV crl-25778 142 5 to to PART crl-25778 142 6 account account VERB crl-25778 142 7 for for ADP crl-25778 142 8 these these DET crl-25778 142 9 variations variation NOUN crl-25778 142 10 within within ADP crl-25778 142 11 each each DET crl-25778 142 12 year year NOUN crl-25778 142 13 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 142 14 data datum NOUN crl-25778 142 15 , , PUNCT crl-25778 142 16 but but CCONJ crl-25778 142 17 individual individual ADJ crl-25778 142 18 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 142 19 may may AUX crl-25778 142 20 observe observe VERB crl-25778 142 21 that that SCONJ crl-25778 142 22 these these DET crl-25778 142 23 averages average NOUN crl-25778 142 24 do do AUX crl-25778 142 25 not not PART crl-25778 142 26 align align VERB crl-25778 142 27 with with ADP crl-25778 142 28 the the DET crl-25778 142 29 data datum NOUN crl-25778 142 30 they they PRON crl-25778 142 31 have have AUX crl-25778 142 32 reported report VERB crl-25778 142 33 for for ADP crl-25778 142 34 their their PRON crl-25778 142 35 own own ADJ crl-25778 142 36 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 142 37 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 142 38 . . PUNCT crl-25778 143 1 in in ADP crl-25778 143 2 this this DET crl-25778 143 3 article article NOUN crl-25778 143 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 143 5 we we PRON crl-25778 143 6 have have AUX crl-25778 143 7 provided provide VERB crl-25778 143 8 a a DET crl-25778 143 9 snapshot snapshot NOUN crl-25778 143 10 of of ADP crl-25778 143 11 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 143 12 of of ADP crl-25778 143 13 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 143 14 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 143 15 in in ADP crl-25778 143 16 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 143 17 and and CCONJ crl-25778 143 18 noted note VERB crl-25778 143 19 several several ADJ crl-25778 143 20 key key ADJ crl-25778 143 21 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 143 22 over over ADP crl-25778 143 23 time time NOUN crl-25778 143 24 : : PUNCT crl-25778 143 25 1 1 X crl-25778 143 26 . . X crl-25778 143 27 total total ADJ crl-25778 143 28 library library NOUN crl-25778 143 29 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 143 30 , , PUNCT crl-25778 143 31 even even ADV crl-25778 143 32 when when SCONJ crl-25778 143 33 adjusted adjust VERB crl-25778 143 34 for for ADP crl-25778 143 35 inflation inflation NOUN crl-25778 143 36 , , PUNCT crl-25778 143 37 have have AUX crl-25778 143 38 increased increase VERB crl-25778 143 39 overall overall ADV crl-25778 143 40 for for ADP crl-25778 143 41 all all DET crl-25778 143 42 regions region NOUN crl-25778 143 43 from from ADP crl-25778 143 44 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 143 45 to to ADP crl-25778 143 46 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 143 47 . . PUNCT crl-25778 144 1 this this DET crl-25778 144 2 increase increase NOUN crl-25778 144 3 is be AUX crl-25778 144 4 also also ADV crl-25778 144 5 clear clear ADJ crl-25778 144 6 in in ADP crl-25778 144 7 the the DET crl-25778 144 8 two two NUM crl-25778 144 9 major major ADJ crl-25778 144 10 expenditure expenditure NOUN crl-25778 144 11 categories category NOUN crl-25778 144 12 of of ADP crl-25778 144 13 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 144 14 and and CCONJ crl-25778 144 15 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 144 16 . . PUNCT crl-25778 145 1 all all DET crl-25778 145 2 regions region NOUN crl-25778 145 3 except except SCONJ crl-25778 145 4 for for ADP crl-25778 145 5 the the DET crl-25778 145 6 west west NOUN crl-25778 145 7 have have AUX crl-25778 145 8 decreased decrease VERB crl-25778 145 9 in in ADP crl-25778 145 10 total total ADJ crl-25778 145 11 library library NOUN crl-25778 145 12 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 145 13 since since SCONJ crl-25778 145 14 2014 2014 NUM crl-25778 145 15 . . PUNCT crl-25778 146 1 2 2 X crl-25778 146 2 . . X crl-25778 146 3 in in ADP crl-25778 146 4 the the DET crl-25778 146 5 northeast northeast ADJ crl-25778 146 6 and and CCONJ crl-25778 146 7 west west ADJ crl-25778 146 8 regions region NOUN crl-25778 146 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 146 10 where where SCONJ crl-25778 146 11 larger large ADJ crl-25778 146 12 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 146 13 of of ADP crl-25778 146 14 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 146 15 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 146 16 are be AUX crl-25778 146 17 at at ADP crl-25778 146 18 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-25778 146 19 / / SYM crl-25778 146 20 research research NOUN crl-25778 146 21 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 146 22 , , PUNCT crl-25778 146 23 there there PRON crl-25778 146 24 are be VERB crl-25778 146 25 higher high ADJ crl-25778 146 26 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 146 27 of of ADP crl-25778 146 28 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 146 29 and and CCONJ crl-25778 146 30 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 146 31 across across ADP crl-25778 146 32 all all DET crl-25778 146 33 categories category NOUN crl-25778 146 34 as as ADP crl-25778 146 35 compared compare VERB crl-25778 146 36 to to ADP crl-25778 146 37 the the DET crl-25778 146 38 other other ADJ crl-25778 146 39 two two NUM crl-25778 146 40 regions region NOUN crl-25778 146 41 . . PUNCT crl-25778 147 1 the the DET crl-25778 147 2 averages average NOUN crl-25778 147 3 are be AUX crl-25778 147 4 markedly markedly ADV crl-25778 147 5 higher high ADJ crl-25778 147 6 in in ADP crl-25778 147 7 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 147 8 and and CCONJ crl-25778 147 9 total total ADJ crl-25778 147 10 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 147 11 than than ADP crl-25778 147 12 the the DET crl-25778 147 13 other other ADJ crl-25778 147 14 two two NUM crl-25778 147 15 regions region NOUN crl-25778 147 16 . . PUNCT crl-25778 148 1 3 3 X crl-25778 148 2 . . X crl-25778 148 3 data datum NOUN crl-25778 148 4 on on ADP crl-25778 148 5 the the DET crl-25778 148 6 average average ADJ crl-25778 148 7 number number NOUN crl-25778 148 8 of of ADP crl-25778 148 9 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 148 10 by by ADP crl-25778 148 11 region region NOUN crl-25778 148 12 indicates indicate VERB crl-25778 148 13 slow slow ADJ crl-25778 148 14 but but CCONJ crl-25778 148 15 steady steady ADJ crl-25778 148 16 growth growth NOUN crl-25778 148 17 in in ADP crl-25778 148 18 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 148 19 of of ADP crl-25778 148 20 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 148 21 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 148 22 from from ADP crl-25778 148 23 1998 1998 NUM crl-25778 148 24 to to ADP crl-25778 148 25 2008 2008 NUM crl-25778 148 26 . . PUNCT crl-25778 149 1 since since SCONJ crl-25778 149 2 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 149 3 , , PUNCT crl-25778 149 4 the the DET crl-25778 149 5 northeast northeast ADJ crl-25778 149 6 and and CCONJ crl-25778 149 7 west west ADJ crl-25778 149 8 regions region NOUN crl-25778 149 9 have have AUX crl-25778 149 10 remained remain VERB crl-25778 149 11 steady steady ADJ crl-25778 149 12 in in ADP crl-25778 149 13 numbers number NOUN crl-25778 149 14 of of ADP crl-25778 149 15 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 149 16 , , PUNCT crl-25778 149 17 while while SCONJ crl-25778 149 18 the the DET crl-25778 149 19 central central ADJ crl-25778 149 20 and and CCONJ crl-25778 149 21 southwest southwest ADJ crl-25778 149 22 regions region NOUN crl-25778 149 23 have have AUX crl-25778 149 24 declined decline VERB crl-25778 149 25 . . PUNCT crl-25778 150 1 4 4 X crl-25778 150 2 . . NOUN crl-25778 150 3 trend trend NOUN crl-25778 150 4 lines line NOUN crl-25778 150 5 in in ADP crl-25778 150 6 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 150 7 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 150 8 show show VERB crl-25778 150 9 parallel parallel ADJ crl-25778 150 10 trajectories trajectory NOUN crl-25778 150 11 across across ADP crl-25778 150 12 regions region NOUN crl-25778 150 13 from from ADP crl-25778 150 14 1998 1998 NUM crl-25778 150 15 to to ADP crl-25778 150 16 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 150 17 , , PUNCT crl-25778 150 18 likely likely ADJ crl-25778 150 19 due due ADP crl-25778 150 20 to to ADP crl-25778 150 21 changes change NOUN crl-25778 150 22 in in ADP crl-25778 150 23 pricing pricing NOUN crl-25778 150 24 that that PRON crl-25778 150 25 affect affect VERB crl-25778 150 26 all all DET crl-25778 150 27 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 150 28 . . PUNCT crl-25778 151 1 the the DET crl-25778 151 2 intention intention NOUN crl-25778 151 3 of of ADP crl-25778 151 4 this this DET crl-25778 151 5 article article NOUN crl-25778 151 6 was be AUX crl-25778 151 7 to to PART crl-25778 151 8 provide provide VERB crl-25778 151 9 an an DET crl-25778 151 10 indication indication NOUN crl-25778 151 11 of of ADP crl-25778 151 12 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 151 13 among among ADP crl-25778 151 14 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 151 15 . . PROPN crl-25778 151 16 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 151 17 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 151 18 as as ADP crl-25778 151 19 of of ADP crl-25778 151 20 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 151 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 151 22 not not PART crl-25778 151 23 a a DET crl-25778 151 24 completely completely ADV crl-25778 151 25 thorough thorough ADJ crl-25778 151 26 examination examination NOUN crl-25778 151 27 of of ADP crl-25778 151 28 the the DET crl-25778 151 29 data datum NOUN crl-25778 151 30 . . PUNCT crl-25778 152 1 future future ADJ crl-25778 152 2 research research NOUN crl-25778 152 3 might might AUX crl-25778 152 4 explore explore VERB crl-25778 152 5 additional additional ADJ crl-25778 152 6 aspects aspect NOUN crl-25778 152 7 of of ADP crl-25778 152 8 this this DET crl-25778 152 9 plentiful plentiful ADJ crl-25778 152 10 dataset dataset NOUN crl-25778 152 11 , , PUNCT crl-25778 152 12 for for ADP crl-25778 152 13 example example NOUN crl-25778 152 14 , , PUNCT crl-25778 152 15 breaking break VERB crl-25778 152 16 down down ADP crl-25778 152 17 the the DET crl-25778 152 18 data datum NOUN crl-25778 152 19 into into ADP crl-25778 152 20 more more ADJ crl-25778 152 21 detail detail NOUN crl-25778 152 22 by by ADP crl-25778 152 23 exploring explore VERB crl-25778 152 24 institutional institutional ADJ crl-25778 152 25 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 152 26 within within ADP crl-25778 152 27 regions region NOUN crl-25778 152 28 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 152 29 e.g. e.g. ADV crl-25778 152 30 , , PUNCT crl-25778 152 31 by by ADP crl-25778 152 32 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 152 33 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 152 34 , , PUNCT crl-25778 152 35 control control NOUN crl-25778 152 36 , , PUNCT crl-25778 152 37 etc etc X crl-25778 152 38 . . X crl-25778 152 39 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 152 40 to to PART crl-25778 152 41 gain gain VERB crl-25778 152 42 further further ADJ crl-25778 152 43 insight insight NOUN crl-25778 152 44 into into ADP crl-25778 152 45 the the DET crl-25778 152 46 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 152 47 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 152 48 observed observe VERB crl-25778 152 49 here here ADV crl-25778 152 50 . . PUNCT crl-25778 153 1 further further ADJ crl-25778 153 2 study study VERB crl-25778 153 3 with with ADP crl-25778 153 4 an an DET crl-25778 153 5 expanded expand VERB crl-25778 153 6 dataset dataset NOUN crl-25778 153 7 could could AUX crl-25778 153 8 also also ADV crl-25778 153 9 explore explore VERB crl-25778 153 10 changes change NOUN crl-25778 153 11 in in ADP crl-25778 153 12 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 153 13 in in ADP crl-25778 153 14 the the DET crl-25778 153 15 years year NOUN crl-25778 153 16 following follow VERB crl-25778 153 17 the the DET crl-25778 153 18 covid-19 covid-19 PROPN crl-25778 153 19 pandemic pandemic NOUN crl-25778 153 20 . . PUNCT crl-25778 154 1 the the DET crl-25778 154 2 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 154 3 data datum NOUN crl-25778 154 4 included include VERB crl-25778 154 5 in in ADP crl-25778 154 6 this this DET crl-25778 154 7 article article NOUN crl-25778 154 8 covers cover VERB crl-25778 154 9 the the DET crl-25778 154 10 period period NOUN crl-25778 154 11 ending end VERB crl-25778 154 12 in in ADP crl-25778 154 13 june june PROPN crl-25778 154 14 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 154 15 , , PUNCT crl-25778 154 16 so so ADV crl-25778 154 17 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 154 18 library library NOUN crl-25778 154 19 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 154 20 and and CCONJ crl-25778 154 21 budgets budget NOUN crl-25778 154 22 were be AUX crl-25778 154 23 not not PART crl-25778 154 24 yet yet ADV crl-25778 154 25 significantly significantly ADV crl-25778 154 26 affected affect VERB crl-25778 154 27 by by ADP crl-25778 154 28 the the DET crl-25778 154 29 pandemic pandemic NOUN crl-25778 154 30 . . PUNCT crl-25778 155 1 a a DET crl-25778 155 2 future future ADJ crl-25778 155 3 study study NOUN crl-25778 155 4 would would AUX crl-25778 155 5 benefit benefit VERB crl-25778 155 6 from from ADP crl-25778 155 7 examining examine VERB crl-25778 155 8 2022 2022 NUM crl-25778 155 9 and and CCONJ crl-25778 155 10 even even ADV crl-25778 155 11 2024 2024 NUM crl-25778 155 12 data datum NOUN crl-25778 155 13 to to PART crl-25778 155 14 explore explore VERB crl-25778 155 15 longer long ADJ crl-25778 155 16 term term NOUN crl-25778 155 17 impacts impact NOUN crl-25778 155 18 of of ADP crl-25778 155 19 the the DET crl-25778 155 20 pandemic pandemic NOUN crl-25778 155 21 on on ADP crl-25778 155 22 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 155 23 and and CCONJ crl-25778 155 24 budgets budget NOUN crl-25778 155 25 . . PUNCT crl-25778 156 1 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 156 2 of of ADP crl-25778 156 3 united united PROPN crl-25778 156 4 states states PROPN crl-25778 156 5 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 156 6 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 156 7 in in ADP crl-25778 156 8 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 156 9 and and CCONJ crl-25778 156 10 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 156 11 changes change NOUN crl-25778 156 12 297 297 NUM crl-25778 156 13 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 156 14 1 1 NUM crl-25778 156 15 geographic geographic ADJ crl-25778 156 16 distribution distribution NOUN crl-25778 156 17 of of ADP crl-25778 156 18 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 156 19 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 156 20 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 156 21 figure figure VERB crl-25778 156 22 2 2 NUM crl-25778 156 23 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 156 24 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 156 25 of of ADP crl-25778 156 26 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 156 27 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 156 28 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 156 29 298 298 NUM crl-25778 156 30 college college PROPN crl-25778 156 31 & & CCONJ crl-25778 156 32 research research PROPN crl-25778 156 33 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 156 34 march march PROPN crl-25778 156 35 2024 2024 NUM crl-25778 156 36 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 156 37 3 3 NUM crl-25778 156 38 control control NOUN crl-25778 156 39 of of ADP crl-25778 156 40 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 156 41 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 156 42 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 156 43 figure figure VERB crl-25778 156 44 4 4 NUM crl-25778 156 45 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 156 46 size size NOUN crl-25778 156 47 of of ADP crl-25778 156 48 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 156 49 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 156 50 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 156 51 note note VERB crl-25778 156 52 . . PUNCT crl-25778 157 1 includes include VERB crl-25778 157 2 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 157 3 reporting report VERB crl-25778 157 4 ≥ ≥ PRON crl-25778 157 5 1.0 1.0 NUM crl-25778 157 6 fte fte NOUN crl-25778 157 7 student student NOUN crl-25778 157 8 . . PUNCT crl-25778 158 1 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 158 2 of of ADP crl-25778 158 3 united united PROPN crl-25778 158 4 states states PROPN crl-25778 158 5 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 158 6 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 158 7 in in ADP crl-25778 158 8 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 158 9 and and CCONJ crl-25778 158 10 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 158 11 changes change NOUN crl-25778 158 12 299 299 NUM crl-25778 158 13 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 158 14 5 5 NUM crl-25778 158 15 urbanization urbanization NOUN crl-25778 158 16 of of ADP crl-25778 158 17 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 158 18 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 158 19 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 158 20 figure figure VERB crl-25778 158 21 6 6 NUM crl-25778 158 22 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-25778 158 23 classification classification NOUN crl-25778 158 24 of of ADP crl-25778 158 25 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 158 26 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 158 27 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 158 28 by by ADP crl-25778 158 29 region region NOUN crl-25778 158 30 300 300 NUM crl-25778 158 31 college college PROPN crl-25778 158 32 & & CCONJ crl-25778 158 33 research research PROPN crl-25778 158 34 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 158 35 march march PROPN crl-25778 158 36 2024 2024 NUM crl-25778 158 37 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 158 38 7 7 NUM crl-25778 158 39 control control NOUN crl-25778 158 40 of of ADP crl-25778 158 41 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 158 42 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 158 43 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 158 44 , , PUNCT crl-25778 158 45 by by ADP crl-25778 158 46 region region NOUN crl-25778 158 47 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 158 48 8 8 NUM crl-25778 158 49 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 158 50 size size NOUN crl-25778 158 51 of of ADP crl-25778 158 52 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 158 53 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 158 54 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 158 55 by by ADP crl-25778 158 56 region region NOUN crl-25778 158 57 note note NOUN crl-25778 158 58 . . PUNCT crl-25778 159 1 includes include VERB crl-25778 159 2 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 159 3 reporting report VERB crl-25778 159 4 ≥ ≥ PRON crl-25778 159 5 1.0 1.0 NUM crl-25778 159 6 fte fte NOUN crl-25778 159 7 student student NOUN crl-25778 159 8 . . PUNCT crl-25778 160 1 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 160 2 of of ADP crl-25778 160 3 united united PROPN crl-25778 160 4 states states PROPN crl-25778 160 5 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 160 6 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 160 7 in in ADP crl-25778 160 8 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 160 9 and and CCONJ crl-25778 160 10 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 160 11 changes change NOUN crl-25778 160 12 301 301 NUM crl-25778 160 13 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 160 14 9 9 NUM crl-25778 160 15 urbanization urbanization NOUN crl-25778 160 16 of of ADP crl-25778 160 17 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 160 18 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 160 19 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 160 20 by by ADP crl-25778 160 21 region region NOUN crl-25778 160 22 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 160 23 10 10 NUM crl-25778 160 24 average average ADJ crl-25778 160 25 number number NOUN crl-25778 160 26 of of ADP crl-25778 160 27 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 160 28 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 160 29 fte fte PROPN crl-25778 160 30 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 160 31 per per ADP crl-25778 160 32 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 160 33 over over ADP crl-25778 160 34 time time NOUN crl-25778 160 35 , , PUNCT crl-25778 160 36 by by ADP crl-25778 160 37 region region NOUN crl-25778 160 38 note note NOUN crl-25778 160 39 . . PUNCT crl-25778 161 1 includes include VERB crl-25778 161 2 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 161 3 reporting report VERB crl-25778 161 4 ≥ ≥ PRON crl-25778 161 5 1.0 1.0 NUM crl-25778 161 6 fte fte NOUN crl-25778 161 7 librarian librarian NOUN crl-25778 161 8 . . PUNCT crl-25778 162 1 data datum NOUN crl-25778 162 2 source source NOUN crl-25778 162 3 for for ADP crl-25778 162 4 number number NOUN crl-25778 162 5 of of ADP crl-25778 162 6 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25778 162 7 : : PUNCT crl-25778 162 8 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 162 9 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 162 10 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 162 11 , , PUNCT crl-25778 162 12 1998–2010 1998–2010 NUM crl-25778 162 13 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 162 14 ipeds iped VERB crl-25778 162 15 human human ADJ crl-25778 162 16 resources resource NOUN crl-25778 162 17 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 162 18 , , PUNCT crl-25778 162 19 2012–2020 2012–2020 NUM crl-25778 162 20 . . X crl-25778 162 21 302 302 NUM crl-25778 162 22 college college PROPN crl-25778 162 23 & & CCONJ crl-25778 162 24 research research PROPN crl-25778 162 25 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 162 26 march march PROPN crl-25778 162 27 2024 2024 NUM crl-25778 162 28 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 162 29 11 11 NUM crl-25778 162 30 inflation inflation NOUN crl-25778 162 31 - - PUNCT crl-25778 162 32 adjusted adjust VERB crl-25778 162 33 average average ADJ crl-25778 162 34 total total ADJ crl-25778 162 35 library library NOUN crl-25778 162 36 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 162 37 per per ADP crl-25778 162 38 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 162 39 over over ADP crl-25778 162 40 time time NOUN crl-25778 162 41 , , PUNCT crl-25778 162 42 by by ADP crl-25778 162 43 region region NOUN crl-25778 162 44 note note NOUN crl-25778 162 45 . . PUNCT crl-25778 163 1 all all DET crl-25778 163 2 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 163 3 are be AUX crl-25778 163 4 converted convert VERB crl-25778 163 5 to to ADP crl-25778 163 6 their their PRON crl-25778 163 7 equivalent equivalent ADJ crl-25778 163 8 value value NOUN crl-25778 163 9 in in ADP crl-25778 163 10 the the DET crl-25778 163 11 year year NOUN crl-25778 163 12 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 163 13 . . PUNCT crl-25778 164 1 figure figure VERB crl-25778 164 2 12 12 NUM crl-25778 164 3 inflation inflation NOUN crl-25778 164 4 - - PUNCT crl-25778 164 5 adjusted adjust VERB crl-25778 164 6 average average ADJ crl-25778 164 7 library library NOUN crl-25778 164 8 staffing staff VERB crl-25778 164 9 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 164 10 per per ADP crl-25778 164 11 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 164 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 164 13 by by ADP crl-25778 164 14 region region NOUN crl-25778 164 15 note note NOUN crl-25778 164 16 . . PUNCT crl-25778 165 1 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 165 2 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 165 3 refers refer VERB crl-25778 165 4 to to ADP crl-25778 165 5 salaries salary NOUN crl-25778 165 6 / / SYM crl-25778 165 7 wages wage NOUN crl-25778 165 8 , , PUNCT crl-25778 165 9 excluding exclude VERB crl-25778 165 10 fringe fringe NOUN crl-25778 165 11 benefits benefit NOUN crl-25778 165 12 . . PUNCT crl-25778 166 1 includes include VERB crl-25778 166 2 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 166 3 reporting report VERB crl-25778 166 4 library library NOUN crl-25778 166 5 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 166 6 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 166 7 ≥ ≥ NUM crl-25778 166 8 1.00 1.00 NUM crl-25778 166 9 usd usd NOUN crl-25778 166 10 . . PUNCT crl-25778 167 1 all all DET crl-25778 167 2 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 167 3 are be AUX crl-25778 167 4 converted convert VERB crl-25778 167 5 to to ADP crl-25778 167 6 their their PRON crl-25778 167 7 equivalent equivalent ADJ crl-25778 167 8 value value NOUN crl-25778 167 9 in in ADP crl-25778 167 10 the the DET crl-25778 167 11 year year NOUN crl-25778 167 12 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 167 13 . . PUNCT crl-25778 168 1 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25778 168 2 of of ADP crl-25778 168 3 united united PROPN crl-25778 168 4 states states PROPN crl-25778 168 5 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 168 6 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 168 7 in in ADP crl-25778 168 8 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 168 9 and and CCONJ crl-25778 168 10 regional regional ADJ crl-25778 168 11 changes change NOUN crl-25778 168 12 303 303 NUM crl-25778 168 13 notes note NOUN crl-25778 168 14 1 1 NUM crl-25778 168 15 . . PUNCT crl-25778 168 16 starr starr PROPN crl-25778 168 17 hoffman hoffman PROPN crl-25778 168 18 and and CCONJ crl-25778 168 19 samantha samantha PROPN crl-25778 168 20 godbey godbey PROPN crl-25778 168 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 168 22 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 168 23 us us PROPN crl-25778 168 24 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 168 25 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 168 26 ’ ' PUNCT crl-25778 168 27 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 168 28 and and CCONJ crl-25778 168 29 expenditure expenditure NOUN crl-25778 168 30 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 168 31 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 168 32 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 168 33 – – PUNCT crl-25778 168 34 2016 2016 NUM crl-25778 168 35 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 168 36 , , PUNCT crl-25778 168 37 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 168 38 library library NOUN crl-25778 168 39 management management NOUN crl-25778 168 40 vol vol NOUN crl-25778 168 41 . . PUNCT crl-25778 169 1 41 41 NUM crl-25778 169 2 no no NOUN crl-25778 169 3 . . NOUN crl-25778 170 1 4/5 4/5 NUM crl-25778 170 2 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 170 3 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 170 4 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 171 1 247–268 247–268 NUM crl-25778 171 2 , , PUNCT crl-25778 171 3 https://doi.org/10.1108/lm-12-2019-0093 https://doi.org/10.1108/lm-12-2019-0093 PROPN crl-25778 171 4 . . PUNCT crl-25778 172 1 2 2 X crl-25778 172 2 . . X crl-25778 172 3 arl arl PROPN crl-25778 172 4 statistics statistics PROPN crl-25778 172 5 survey survey PROPN crl-25778 172 6 , , PUNCT crl-25778 172 7 association association NOUN crl-25778 172 8 of of ADP crl-25778 172 9 research research NOUN crl-25778 172 10 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 172 11 , , PUNCT crl-25778 172 12 available available ADJ crl-25778 172 13 online online ADV crl-25778 172 14 at at ADP crl-25778 172 15 https://www.arl.org/arl-statisticssalary-survey https://www.arl.org/arl-statisticssalary-survey PROPN crl-25778 172 16 [ [ VERB crl-25778 172 17 accessed access VERB crl-25778 172 18 4 4 NUM crl-25778 172 19 january january NOUN crl-25778 172 20 2023 2023 NUM crl-25778 172 21 ] ] PUNCT crl-25778 172 22 . . PUNCT crl-25778 173 1 3 3 X crl-25778 173 2 . . X crl-25778 173 3 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 173 4 library library NOUN crl-25778 173 5 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 173 6 and and CCONJ crl-25778 173 7 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25778 173 8 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 173 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 173 10 association association NOUN crl-25778 173 11 of of ADP crl-25778 173 12 college college NOUN crl-25778 173 13 and and CCONJ crl-25778 173 14 research research NOUN crl-25778 173 15 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 173 16 , , PUNCT crl-25778 173 17 available available ADJ crl-25778 173 18 online online ADV crl-25778 173 19 at at ADP crl-25778 173 20 https://www.ala.org/acrl/proftools/benchmark/survey https://www.ala.org/acrl/proftools/benchmark/survey PROPN crl-25778 173 21 [ [ X crl-25778 173 22 accessed access VERB crl-25778 173 23 4 4 NUM crl-25778 173 24 january january NOUN crl-25778 173 25 2023 2023 NUM crl-25778 173 26 ] ] PUNCT crl-25778 173 27 . . PUNCT crl-25778 174 1 4 4 X crl-25778 174 2 . . X crl-25778 174 3 mark mark PROPN crl-25778 174 4 emmons emmons PROPN crl-25778 174 5 and and CCONJ crl-25778 174 6 frances frances PROPN crl-25778 174 7 c. c. PROPN crl-25778 174 8 wilkinson wilkinson PROPN crl-25778 174 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 174 10 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 174 11 the the DET crl-25778 174 12 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 174 13 library library NOUN crl-25778 174 14 impact impact NOUN crl-25778 174 15 on on ADP crl-25778 174 16 student student NOUN crl-25778 174 17 persistence persistence NOUN crl-25778 174 18 , , PUNCT crl-25778 174 19 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 174 20 college college PROPN crl-25778 174 21 & & CCONJ crl-25778 174 22 research research PROPN crl-25778 174 23 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 174 24 72 72 NUM crl-25778 174 25 , , PUNCT crl-25778 174 26 no no INTJ crl-25778 174 27 . . NOUN crl-25778 174 28 2 2 NUM crl-25778 174 29 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 174 30 2011 2011 NUM crl-25778 174 31 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 174 32 128–149 128–149 NUM crl-25778 174 33 , , PUNCT crl-25778 174 34 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-74r1 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-74r1 NOUN crl-25778 174 35 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 174 36 charles charles PROPN crl-25778 174 37 b. b. PROPN crl-25778 174 38 lowry lowry PROPN crl-25778 174 39 , , PUNCT crl-25778 174 40 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 174 41 three three NUM crl-25778 174 42 years year NOUN crl-25778 174 43 and and CCONJ crl-25778 174 44 counting counting NOUN crl-25778 174 45 — — PUNCT crl-25778 174 46 the the DET crl-25778 174 47 economic economic ADJ crl-25778 174 48 crisis crisis NOUN crl-25778 174 49 is be AUX crl-25778 174 50 still still ADV crl-25778 174 51 with with ADP crl-25778 174 52 us we PRON crl-25778 174 53 , , PUNCT crl-25778 174 54 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 174 55 portal portal ADJ crl-25778 174 56 : : PUNCT crl-25778 174 57 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 174 58 and and CCONJ crl-25778 174 59 the the DET crl-25778 174 60 academy academy NOUN crl-25778 174 61 11 11 NUM crl-25778 174 62 , , PUNCT crl-25778 174 63 no no INTJ crl-25778 174 64 . . NOUN crl-25778 174 65 3 3 NUM crl-25778 174 66 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 174 67 2011 2011 NUM crl-25778 174 68 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 174 69 757–764 757–764 NUM crl-25778 174 70 , , PUNCT crl-25778 174 71 https:// https:// PROPN crl-25778 174 72 doi.org/10.1353/pla.2011.0028 doi.org/10.1353/pla.2011.0028 PROPN crl-25778 174 73 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 174 74 ryan ryan PROPN crl-25778 174 75 p. p. PROPN crl-25778 174 76 womack womack PROPN crl-25778 174 77 , , PUNCT crl-25778 174 78 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 174 79 arl arl PROPN crl-25778 174 80 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 174 81 and and CCONJ crl-25778 174 82 research research NOUN crl-25778 174 83 : : PUNCT crl-25778 174 84 correlates correlate VERB crl-25778 174 85 of of ADP crl-25778 174 86 grant grant PROPN crl-25778 174 87 funding funding NOUN crl-25778 174 88 , , PUNCT crl-25778 174 89 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 174 90 the the DET crl-25778 174 91 journal journal NOUN crl-25778 174 92 of of ADP crl-25778 174 93 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 174 94 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25778 174 95 42 42 NUM crl-25778 174 96 , , PUNCT crl-25778 174 97 no no INTJ crl-25778 174 98 . . NOUN crl-25778 174 99 4 4 NUM crl-25778 174 100 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 174 101 2016 2016 NUM crl-25778 174 102 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 174 103 300–312 300–312 NUM crl-25778 174 104 , , PUNCT crl-25778 174 105 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2016.06.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2016.06.006 NOUN crl-25778 174 106 . . PUNCT crl-25778 175 1 5 5 X crl-25778 175 2 . . X crl-25778 175 3 quinn quinn PROPN crl-25778 175 4 galbraith galbraith PROPN crl-25778 175 5 , , PUNCT crl-25778 175 6 heather heather PROPN crl-25778 175 7 kelley kelley PROPN crl-25778 175 8 , , PUNCT crl-25778 175 9 and and CCONJ crl-25778 175 10 michael michael PROPN crl-25778 175 11 groesbeck groesbeck PROPN crl-25778 175 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 175 13 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 175 14 is be AUX crl-25778 175 15 there there PRON crl-25778 175 16 a a DET crl-25778 175 17 racial racial ADJ crl-25778 175 18 wage wage NOUN crl-25778 175 19 gap gap NOUN crl-25778 175 20 in in ADP crl-25778 175 21 research research NOUN crl-25778 175 22 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 175 23 ? ? PUNCT crl-25778 176 1 an an DET crl-25778 176 2 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25778 176 3 of of ADP crl-25778 176 4 arl arl PROPN crl-25778 176 5 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 176 6 , , PUNCT crl-25778 176 7 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 176 8 college college PROPN crl-25778 176 9 & & CCONJ crl-25778 176 10 research research PROPN crl-25778 176 11 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 176 12 79 79 NUM crl-25778 176 13 , , PUNCT crl-25778 176 14 no no INTJ crl-25778 176 15 . . NOUN crl-25778 176 16 7 7 NUM crl-25778 176 17 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 176 18 2018 2018 NUM crl-25778 176 19 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 176 20 863–875 863–875 NUM crl-25778 176 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 176 22 https://doi.org/10.5860/ https://doi.org/10.5860/ PROPN crl-25778 176 23 crl.79.7.863 crl.79.7.863 NOUN crl-25778 176 24 . . NOUN crl-25778 177 1 6 6 NUM crl-25778 177 2 . . PUNCT crl-25778 177 3 elizabeth elizabeth PROPN crl-25778 177 4 brown brown PROPN crl-25778 177 5 and and CCONJ crl-25778 177 6 jeannette jeannette PROPN crl-25778 177 7 e. e. PROPN crl-25778 177 8 pierce pierce PROPN crl-25778 177 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 177 10 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 177 11 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 177 12 acrl acrl NOUN crl-25778 177 13 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 177 14 library library NOUN crl-25778 177 15 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 177 16 and and CCONJ crl-25778 177 17 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25778 177 18 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 177 19 : : PUNCT crl-25778 177 20 highlights highlight NOUN crl-25778 177 21 and and CCONJ crl-25778 177 22 key key ADJ crl-25778 177 23 edi edi PROPN crl-25778 177 24 findings finding NOUN crl-25778 177 25 , , PUNCT crl-25778 177 26 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 177 27 college college PROPN crl-25778 177 28 & & CCONJ crl-25778 177 29 research research PROPN crl-25778 177 30 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 177 31 news news NOUN crl-25778 177 32 83 83 NUM crl-25778 177 33 , , PUNCT crl-25778 177 34 no no INTJ crl-25778 177 35 . . NOUN crl-25778 177 36 4 4 NUM crl-25778 177 37 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 177 38 2022 2022 NUM crl-25778 177 39 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 177 40 145–150 145–150 NUM crl-25778 177 41 . . PUNCT crl-25778 178 1 7 7 X crl-25778 178 2 . . X crl-25778 178 3 jody jody PROPN crl-25778 178 4 condit condit PROPN crl-25778 178 5 fagan fagan PROPN crl-25778 178 6 , , PUNCT crl-25778 178 7 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 178 8 the the DET crl-25778 178 9 effects effect NOUN crl-25778 178 10 of of ADP crl-25778 178 11 reference reference NOUN crl-25778 178 12 , , PUNCT crl-25778 178 13 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25778 178 14 , , PUNCT crl-25778 178 15 database database NOUN crl-25778 178 16 searches search NOUN crl-25778 178 17 , , PUNCT crl-25778 178 18 and and CCONJ crl-25778 178 19 ongoing ongoing ADJ crl-25778 178 20 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 178 21 on on ADP crl-25778 178 22 full full ADJ crl-25778 178 23 - - PUNCT crl-25778 178 24 text text NOUN crl-25778 178 25 article article NOUN crl-25778 178 26 requests request VERB crl-25778 178 27 : : PUNCT crl-25778 178 28 an an DET crl-25778 178 29 exploratory exploratory ADJ crl-25778 178 30 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25778 178 31 , , PUNCT crl-25778 178 32 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 178 33 the the DET crl-25778 178 34 journal journal NOUN crl-25778 178 35 of of ADP crl-25778 178 36 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 178 37 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25778 178 38 40 40 NUM crl-25778 178 39 , , PUNCT crl-25778 178 40 no no INTJ crl-25778 178 41 . . NOUN crl-25778 179 1 3–4 3–4 NUM crl-25778 179 2 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 179 3 2014 2014 NUM crl-25778 179 4 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 179 5 264–274 264–274 NUM crl-25778 179 6 , , PUNCT crl-25778 179 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2014.04.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2014.04.002 NOUN crl-25778 179 8 . . NOUN crl-25778 179 9 8 8 NUM crl-25778 179 10 . . PUNCT crl-25778 180 1 elizabeth elizabeth PROPN crl-25778 180 2 m. m. PROPN crl-25778 180 3 mezick mezick PROPN crl-25778 180 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 180 5 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 180 6 return return VERB crl-25778 180 7 on on ADP crl-25778 180 8 investment investment NOUN crl-25778 180 9 : : PUNCT crl-25778 180 10 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 180 11 and and CCONJ crl-25778 180 12 student student NOUN crl-25778 180 13 retention retention NOUN crl-25778 180 14 , , PUNCT crl-25778 180 15 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 180 16 the the DET crl-25778 180 17 journal journal NOUN crl-25778 180 18 of of ADP crl-25778 180 19 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 180 20 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25778 180 21 33 33 NUM crl-25778 180 22 , , PUNCT crl-25778 180 23 no no INTJ crl-25778 180 24 . . NOUN crl-25778 180 25 5 5 NUM crl-25778 180 26 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 180 27 2007 2007 NUM crl-25778 180 28 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 180 29 561–566 561–566 NUM crl-25778 180 30 , , PUNCT crl-25778 180 31 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2007.05.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2007.05.002 NOUN crl-25778 180 32 . . PUNCT crl-25778 181 1 9 9 X crl-25778 181 2 . . X crl-25778 182 1 gregory gregory PROPN crl-25778 182 2 a. a. PROPN crl-25778 182 3 crawford crawford PROPN crl-25778 182 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 182 5 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 182 6 pennsylvania pennsylvania PROPN crl-25778 182 7 academic academic PROPN crl-25778 182 8 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 182 9 and and CCONJ crl-25778 182 10 student student NOUN crl-25778 182 11 retention retention NOUN crl-25778 182 12 and and CCONJ crl-25778 182 13 graduation graduation NOUN crl-25778 182 14 : : PUNCT crl-25778 182 15 a a DET crl-25778 182 16 preliminary preliminary ADJ crl-25778 182 17 investigation investigation NOUN crl-25778 182 18 with with ADP crl-25778 182 19 confusing confusing ADJ crl-25778 182 20 results result NOUN crl-25778 182 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 182 22 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 182 23 pennsylvania pennsylvania PROPN crl-25778 182 24 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 182 25 2 2 NUM crl-25778 182 26 , , PUNCT crl-25778 182 27 no no INTJ crl-25778 182 28 . . NOUN crl-25778 182 29 2 2 NUM crl-25778 182 30 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 182 31 2014 2014 NUM crl-25778 182 32 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 182 33 129–141 129–141 NUM crl-25778 182 34 , , PUNCT crl-25778 182 35 https://doi https://doi PROPN crl-25778 182 36 . . PUNCT crl-25778 182 37 org/10.5195 org/10.5195 ADV crl-25778 182 38 / / SYM crl-25778 182 39 palrap.2014.71 palrap.2014.71 PROPN crl-25778 182 40 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 182 41 gregory gregory PROPN crl-25778 182 42 a. a. PROPN crl-25778 182 43 crawford crawford PROPN crl-25778 182 44 , , PUNCT crl-25778 182 45 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 182 46 the the DET crl-25778 182 47 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 182 48 library library NOUN crl-25778 182 49 and and CCONJ crl-25778 182 50 student student NOUN crl-25778 182 51 retention retention NOUN crl-25778 182 52 and and CCONJ crl-25778 182 53 graduation graduation NOUN crl-25778 182 54 : : PUNCT crl-25778 182 55 an an DET crl-25778 182 56 exploratory exploratory ADJ crl-25778 182 57 study study NOUN crl-25778 182 58 , , PUNCT crl-25778 182 59 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 182 60 portal portal ADJ crl-25778 182 61 : : PUNCT crl-25778 182 62 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 182 63 and and CCONJ crl-25778 182 64 the the DET crl-25778 182 65 academy academy NOUN crl-25778 182 66 15 15 NUM crl-25778 182 67 , , PUNCT crl-25778 182 68 no no INTJ crl-25778 182 69 . . NOUN crl-25778 182 70 1 1 NUM crl-25778 182 71 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 182 72 2015 2015 NUM crl-25778 182 73 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 182 74 41–57 41–57 NUM crl-25778 182 75 , , PUNCT crl-25778 182 76 https://doi.org/10.1353/ https://doi.org/10.1353/ PROPN crl-25778 182 77 pla.2015.0003 pla.2015.0003 PROPN crl-25778 182 78 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 182 79 ana ana PROPN crl-25778 182 80 dubnjakovic dubnjakovic VERB crl-25778 182 81 , , PUNCT crl-25778 182 82 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 182 83 electronic electronic ADJ crl-25778 182 84 resource resource NOUN crl-25778 182 85 expenditure expenditure NOUN crl-25778 182 86 and and CCONJ crl-25778 182 87 the the DET crl-25778 182 88 decline decline NOUN crl-25778 182 89 in in ADP crl-25778 182 90 reference reference NOUN crl-25778 182 91 transaction transaction NOUN crl-25778 182 92 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25778 182 93 in in ADP crl-25778 182 94 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 182 95 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 182 96 , , PUNCT crl-25778 182 97 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 182 98 journal journal NOUN crl-25778 182 99 of of ADP crl-25778 182 100 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 182 101 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25778 182 102 38 38 NUM crl-25778 182 103 , , PUNCT crl-25778 182 104 no no INTJ crl-25778 182 105 . . NOUN crl-25778 182 106 2 2 NUM crl-25778 182 107 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 182 108 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 182 109 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 182 110 94–100 94–100 NUM crl-25778 182 111 , , PUNCT crl-25778 182 112 https://doi.org/10.1016/j https://doi.org/10.1016/j NOUN crl-25778 182 113 . . PUNCT crl-25778 183 1 acalib.2012.01.001 acalib.2012.01.001 PROPN crl-25778 183 2 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 183 3 d. d. PROPN crl-25778 183 4 yvonne yvonne PROPN crl-25778 183 5 jones jones PROPN crl-25778 183 6 , , PUNCT crl-25778 183 7 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 183 8 how how SCONJ crl-25778 183 9 much much ADJ crl-25778 183 10 do do AUX crl-25778 183 11 the the DET crl-25778 183 12 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 183 13 best good ADJ crl-25778 183 14 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 183 15 colleges college NOUN crl-25778 183 16 spend spend VERB crl-25778 183 17 on on ADP crl-25778 183 18 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 183 19 ? ? PUNCT crl-25778 184 1 using use VERB crl-25778 184 2 college college NOUN crl-25778 184 3 rankings ranking NOUN crl-25778 184 4 to to PART crl-25778 184 5 provide provide VERB crl-25778 184 6 library library ADJ crl-25778 184 7 financial financial ADJ crl-25778 184 8 benchmarks benchmark NOUN crl-25778 184 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 184 10 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 184 11 college college PROPN crl-25778 184 12 & & CCONJ crl-25778 184 13 research research PROPN crl-25778 184 14 libraries librarie VERB crl-25778 184 15 68 68 NUM crl-25778 184 16 no no NOUN crl-25778 184 17 . . NOUN crl-25778 184 18 4 4 NUM crl-25778 184 19 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 184 20 2007 2007 NUM crl-25778 184 21 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 184 22 343–351 343–351 NUM crl-25778 184 23 , , PUNCT crl-25778 184 24 https://doi https://doi PROPN crl-25778 184 25 . . PUNCT crl-25778 184 26 figure figure NOUN crl-25778 184 27 13 13 NUM crl-25778 184 28 inflation inflation NOUN crl-25778 184 29 - - PUNCT crl-25778 184 30 adjusted adjust VERB crl-25778 184 31 average average ADJ crl-25778 184 32 library library NOUN crl-25778 184 33 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 184 34 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 184 35 per per ADP crl-25778 184 36 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 184 37 , , PUNCT crl-25778 184 38 by by ADP crl-25778 184 39 region region NOUN crl-25778 184 40 note note NOUN crl-25778 184 41 . . PUNCT crl-25778 185 1 includes include VERB crl-25778 185 2 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 185 3 reporting report VERB crl-25778 185 4 library library ADJ crl-25778 185 5 collections collection NOUN crl-25778 185 6 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 185 7 ≥ ≥ NUM crl-25778 185 8 1.00 1.00 NUM crl-25778 185 9 usd usd NOUN crl-25778 185 10 . . PUNCT crl-25778 186 1 all all DET crl-25778 186 2 expenditures expenditure NOUN crl-25778 186 3 are be AUX crl-25778 186 4 converted convert VERB crl-25778 186 5 to to ADP crl-25778 186 6 their their PRON crl-25778 186 7 equivalent equivalent ADJ crl-25778 186 8 value value NOUN crl-25778 186 9 in in ADP crl-25778 186 10 the the DET crl-25778 186 11 year year NOUN crl-25778 186 12 2020 2020 NUM crl-25778 186 13 . . PUNCT crl-25778 187 1 https://doi.org/10.1108/lm-12-2019-0093 https://doi.org/10.1108/lm-12-2019-0093 PROPN crl-25778 187 2 https://www.arl.org/arl-statistics-salary-survey https://www.arl.org/arl-statistics-salary-survey PROPN crl-25778 187 3 https://www.arl.org/arl-statistics-salary-survey https://www.arl.org/arl-statistics-salary-survey PROPN crl-25778 187 4 https://www.ala.org/acrl/proftools/benchmark/survey https://www.ala.org/acrl/proftools/benchmark/survey PROPN crl-25778 187 5 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-74r1 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-74r1 DET crl-25778 187 6 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2011.0028 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2011.0028 ADJ crl-25778 187 7 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2011.0028 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2011.0028 NOUN crl-25778 187 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2016.06.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2016.06.006 NOUN crl-25778 187 9 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.7.863 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.7.863 PROPN crl-25778 187 10 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.7.863 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.7.863 PROPN crl-25778 187 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2014.04.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2014.04.002 NOUN crl-25778 187 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2007.05.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2007.05.002 NOUN crl-25778 187 13 https://doi.org/10.5195/palrap.2014.71 https://doi.org/10.5195/palrap.2014.71 NOUN crl-25778 187 14 https://doi.org/10.5195/palrap.2014.71 https://doi.org/10.5195/palrap.2014.71 PROPN crl-25778 187 15 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2015.0003 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2015.0003 PROPN crl-25778 187 16 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2015.0003 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2015.0003 PROPN crl-25778 187 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2012.01.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2012.01.001 PROPN crl-25778 187 18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2012.01.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2012.01.001 VERB crl-25778 187 19 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.68.4.343 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.68.4.343 PROPN crl-25778 187 20 304 304 NUM crl-25778 187 21 college college PROPN crl-25778 187 22 & & CCONJ crl-25778 187 23 research research PROPN crl-25778 187 24 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 187 25 march march PROPN crl-25778 187 26 2024 2024 NUM crl-25778 187 27 org/10.5860 org/10.5860 PROPN crl-25778 187 28 / / SYM crl-25778 187 29 crl.68.4.343 crl.68.4.343 PROPN crl-25778 187 30 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 187 31 mezick mezick ADJ crl-25778 187 32 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 33 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 187 34 return return VERB crl-25778 187 35 on on ADP crl-25778 187 36 investment investment NOUN crl-25778 187 37 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 38 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 187 39 561–566 561–566 NUM crl-25778 187 40 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 187 41 carlos carlos PROPN crl-25778 187 42 a. a. PROPN crl-25778 187 43 manjarrez manjarrez PROPN crl-25778 187 44 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 45 joyce joyce PROPN crl-25778 187 46 ray ray PROPN crl-25778 187 47 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 48 and and CCONJ crl-25778 187 49 karmen karmen PROPN crl-25778 187 50 bisher bisher PROPN crl-25778 187 51 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 52 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 187 53 a a DET crl-25778 187 54 demographic demographic ADJ crl-25778 187 55 overview overview NOUN crl-25778 187 56 of of ADP crl-25778 187 57 the the DET crl-25778 187 58 current current ADJ crl-25778 187 59 and and CCONJ crl-25778 187 60 projected project VERB crl-25778 187 61 library library ADJ crl-25778 187 62 workforce workforce NOUN crl-25778 187 63 and and CCONJ crl-25778 187 64 the the DET crl-25778 187 65 impact impact NOUN crl-25778 187 66 of of ADP crl-25778 187 67 federal federal ADJ crl-25778 187 68 funding funding NOUN crl-25778 187 69 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 70 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 187 71 library library NOUN crl-25778 187 72 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 187 73 59 59 NUM crl-25778 187 74 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 75 no no INTJ crl-25778 187 76 . . NOUN crl-25778 187 77 1 1 NUM crl-25778 187 78 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 187 79 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 187 80 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 187 81 6–29 6–29 NOUN crl-25778 187 82 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 187 83 david david PROPN crl-25778 187 84 schwieder schwieder PROPN crl-25778 187 85 and and CCONJ crl-25778 187 86 lisa lisa PROPN crl-25778 187 87 janicke janicke PROPN crl-25778 187 88 hinchliffe hinchliffe PROPN crl-25778 187 89 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 90 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 187 91 nces nce VERB crl-25778 187 92 datasets dataset NOUN crl-25778 187 93 and and CCONJ crl-25778 187 94 library library NOUN crl-25778 187 95 value value NOUN crl-25778 187 96 : : PUNCT crl-25778 187 97 an an DET crl-25778 187 98 exploratory exploratory ADJ crl-25778 187 99 study study NOUN crl-25778 187 100 of of ADP crl-25778 187 101 the the DET crl-25778 187 102 2008 2008 NUM crl-25778 187 103 data datum NOUN crl-25778 187 104 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 105 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 187 106 proceedings proceeding NOUN crl-25778 187 107 of of ADP crl-25778 187 108 the the DET crl-25778 187 109 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 187 110 library library NOUN crl-25778 187 111 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25778 187 112 conference conference NOUN crl-25778 187 113 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 187 114 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 187 115 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 187 116 659–669 659–669 NUM crl-25778 187 117 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 118 available available ADJ crl-25778 187 119 online online ADV crl-25778 187 120 at at ADP crl-25778 187 121 http://old.libraryassessment.org/bm~doc/proceedings-lac-2012.pdf http://old.libraryassessment.org/bm~doc/proceedings-lac-2012.pdf NOUN crl-25778 187 122 [ [ X crl-25778 187 123 accessed access VERB crl-25778 187 124 4 4 NUM crl-25778 187 125 january january NOUN crl-25778 187 126 2023 2023 NUM crl-25778 187 127 ] ] PUNCT crl-25778 187 128 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 187 129 boris boris PROPN crl-25778 187 130 teske teske PROPN crl-25778 187 131 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 132 michael michael PROPN crl-25778 187 133 dicarlo dicarlo PROPN crl-25778 187 134 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 135 and and CCONJ crl-25778 187 136 dexter dexter PROPN crl-25778 187 137 cahoy cahoy PROPN crl-25778 187 138 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 139 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 187 140 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 187 141 and and CCONJ crl-25778 187 142 student student NOUN crl-25778 187 143 persistence persistence NOUN crl-25778 187 144 at at ADP crl-25778 187 145 southern southern ADJ crl-25778 187 146 colleges college NOUN crl-25778 187 147 and and CCONJ crl-25778 187 148 universities university NOUN crl-25778 187 149 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 150 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 187 151 reference reference NOUN crl-25778 187 152 services service NOUN crl-25778 187 153 review review VERB crl-25778 187 154 41 41 NUM crl-25778 187 155 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 156 no no INTJ crl-25778 187 157 . . NOUN crl-25778 187 158 2 2 NUM crl-25778 187 159 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 187 160 2013 2013 NUM crl-25778 187 161 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 187 162 266–279 266–279 NUM crl-25778 187 163 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 164 https://doi.org/10.1108/00907321311326174 https://doi.org/10.1108/00907321311326174 PRON crl-25778 187 165 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 187 166 marilyn marilyn PROPN crl-25778 187 167 domas domas PROPN crl-25778 187 168 white white ADJ crl-25778 187 169 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 170 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 187 171 diffusion diffusion NOUN crl-25778 187 172 of of ADP crl-25778 187 173 an an DET crl-25778 187 174 innovation innovation NOUN crl-25778 187 175 : : PUNCT crl-25778 187 176 digital digital ADJ crl-25778 187 177 reference reference NOUN crl-25778 187 178 service service NOUN crl-25778 187 179 in in ADP crl-25778 187 180 carnegie carnegie PROPN crl-25778 187 181 foundation foundation PROPN crl-25778 187 182 master master PROPN crl-25778 187 183 ’s ’s PART crl-25778 187 184 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 187 185 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ crl-25778 187 186 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 187 187 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 187 188 institution institution NOUN crl-25778 187 189 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 187 190 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 191 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 187 192 the the DET crl-25778 187 193 journal journal NOUN crl-25778 187 194 of of ADP crl-25778 187 195 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 187 196 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25778 187 197 27 27 NUM crl-25778 187 198 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 199 no no INTJ crl-25778 187 200 . . NOUN crl-25778 187 201 3 3 NUM crl-25778 187 202 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 187 203 2001 2001 NUM crl-25778 187 204 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 187 205 173–187 173–187 NUM crl-25778 187 206 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 207 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1333(01)00179-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1333(01)00179-3 PROPN crl-25778 187 208 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 187 209 ethelene ethelene PROPN crl-25778 187 210 whitmire whitmire PROPN crl-25778 187 211 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 212 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 187 213 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 187 214 library library NOUN crl-25778 187 215 performance performance NOUN crl-25778 187 216 measures measure NOUN crl-25778 187 217 and and CCONJ crl-25778 187 218 undergraduates undergraduate NOUN crl-25778 187 219 ’ ' PUNCT crl-25778 187 220 library library NOUN crl-25778 187 221 use use NOUN crl-25778 187 222 and and CCONJ crl-25778 187 223 educational educational ADJ crl-25778 187 224 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25778 187 225 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 226 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 187 227 library library NOUN crl-25778 187 228 and and CCONJ crl-25778 187 229 information information NOUN crl-25778 187 230 science science NOUN crl-25778 187 231 research research NOUN crl-25778 187 232 24 24 NUM crl-25778 187 233 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 234 no no INTJ crl-25778 187 235 . . NOUN crl-25778 187 236 2 2 NUM crl-25778 187 237 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 187 238 2002 2002 NUM crl-25778 187 239 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 187 240 107–128 107–128 NUM crl-25778 187 241 , , PUNCT crl-25778 187 242 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0740-8188(02)00108-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0740-8188(02)00108-1 PROPN crl-25778 187 243 . . PUNCT crl-25778 188 1 10 10 NUM crl-25778 188 2 . . PUNCT crl-25778 188 3 rachel rachel PROPN crl-25778 188 4 applegate applegate PROPN crl-25778 188 5 , , PUNCT crl-25778 188 6 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 188 7 whose whose DET crl-25778 188 8 decline decline NOUN crl-25778 188 9 ? ? PUNCT crl-25778 189 1 which which DET crl-25778 189 2 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 189 3 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 189 4 are be AUX crl-25778 189 5 ‘ ' PUNCT crl-25778 189 6 deserted deserted ADJ crl-25778 189 7 ’ ' PUNCT crl-25778 189 8 in in ADP crl-25778 189 9 terms term NOUN crl-25778 189 10 of of ADP crl-25778 189 11 reference reference NOUN crl-25778 189 12 transactions transaction NOUN crl-25778 189 13 ? ? PUNCT crl-25778 189 14 , , PUNCT crl-25778 189 15 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 189 16 reference reference NOUN crl-25778 189 17 & & CCONJ crl-25778 189 18 user user PROPN crl-25778 189 19 services service NOUN crl-25778 189 20 quarterly quarterly ADV crl-25778 189 21 48 48 NUM crl-25778 189 22 , , PUNCT crl-25778 189 23 no no INTJ crl-25778 189 24 . . NOUN crl-25778 189 25 2 2 NUM crl-25778 189 26 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 189 27 2008 2008 NUM crl-25778 189 28 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 189 29 176–189 176–189 NUM crl-25778 189 30 , , PUNCT crl-25778 189 31 https://doi.org/10.5860/rusq.48n2.176 https://doi.org/10.5860/rusq.48n2.176 NOUN crl-25778 189 32 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 189 33 margaret margaret PROPN crl-25778 189 34 werner werner PROPN crl-25778 189 35 cahalan cahalan PROPN crl-25778 189 36 , , PUNCT crl-25778 189 37 wendy wendy PROPN crl-25778 189 38 mansfield mansfield PROPN crl-25778 189 39 , , PUNCT crl-25778 189 40 and and CCONJ crl-25778 189 41 natalie natalie PROPN crl-25778 189 42 justh justh PROPN crl-25778 189 43 , , PUNCT crl-25778 189 44 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 189 45 the the DET crl-25778 189 46 status status NOUN crl-25778 189 47 of of ADP crl-25778 189 48 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 189 49 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 189 50 in in ADP crl-25778 189 51 the the DET crl-25778 189 52 united united PROPN crl-25778 189 53 states states PROPN crl-25778 189 54 : : PUNCT crl-25778 189 55 results result NOUN crl-25778 189 56 from from ADP crl-25778 189 57 the the DET crl-25778 189 58 1996 1996 NUM crl-25778 189 59 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 189 60 library library NOUN crl-25778 189 61 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 189 62 with with ADP crl-25778 189 63 historical historical ADJ crl-25778 189 64 comparisons comparison NOUN crl-25778 189 65 , , PUNCT crl-25778 189 66 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 189 67 us us PROPN crl-25778 189 68 department department NOUN crl-25778 189 69 of of ADP crl-25778 189 70 education education NOUN crl-25778 189 71 , , PUNCT crl-25778 189 72 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 189 73 2001 2001 NUM crl-25778 189 74 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 189 75 , , PUNCT crl-25778 189 76 available available ADJ crl-25778 189 77 online online ADV crl-25778 189 78 at at ADP crl-25778 189 79 http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2001/2001301.pdf http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2001/2001301.pdf NOUN crl-25778 189 80 [ [ X crl-25778 189 81 accessed access VERB crl-25778 189 82 4 4 NUM crl-25778 189 83 january january NOUN crl-25778 189 84 2023 2023 NUM crl-25778 189 85 ] ] PUNCT crl-25778 189 86 . . PUNCT crl-25778 190 1 11 11 NUM crl-25778 190 2 . . X crl-25778 190 3 cahalan cahalan NOUN crl-25778 190 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 190 5 mansfield mansfield PROPN crl-25778 190 6 , , PUNCT crl-25778 190 7 and and CCONJ crl-25778 190 8 justh justh NOUN crl-25778 190 9 , , PUNCT crl-25778 190 10 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 190 11 the the DET crl-25778 190 12 status status NOUN crl-25778 190 13 of of ADP crl-25778 190 14 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 190 15 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 190 16 in in ADP crl-25778 190 17 the the DET crl-25778 190 18 united united PROPN crl-25778 190 19 states states PROPN crl-25778 190 20 . . PUNCT crl-25778 190 21 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 191 1 12 12 NUM crl-25778 191 2 . . PUNCT crl-25778 192 1 crawford crawford PROPN crl-25778 192 2 , , PUNCT crl-25778 192 3 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 192 4 the the DET crl-25778 192 5 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 192 6 library library NOUN crl-25778 192 7 and and CCONJ crl-25778 192 8 student student NOUN crl-25778 192 9 retention retention NOUN crl-25778 192 10 , , PUNCT crl-25778 192 11 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 192 12 41–57 41–57 NUM crl-25778 192 13 . . PUNCT crl-25778 192 14 13 13 NUM crl-25778 192 15 . . X crl-25778 192 16 teske teske ADJ crl-25778 192 17 , , PUNCT crl-25778 192 18 dicarlo dicarlo PROPN crl-25778 192 19 , , PUNCT crl-25778 192 20 and and CCONJ crl-25778 192 21 cahoy cahoy NOUN crl-25778 192 22 , , PUNCT crl-25778 192 23 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 192 24 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 192 25 and and CCONJ crl-25778 192 26 student student NOUN crl-25778 192 27 persistence persistence NOUN crl-25778 192 28 , , PUNCT crl-25778 192 29 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 192 30 266–279 266–279 NUM crl-25778 192 31 14 14 NUM crl-25778 192 32 . . PUNCT crl-25778 193 1 crawford crawford PROPN crl-25778 193 2 , , PUNCT crl-25778 193 3 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 193 4 pennsylvania pennsylvania PROPN crl-25778 193 5 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 193 6 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 193 7 , , PUNCT crl-25778 193 8 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 193 9 129–141 129–141 NUM crl-25778 193 10 . . NOUN crl-25778 193 11 15 15 NUM crl-25778 193 12 . . PUNCT crl-25778 194 1 john john PROPN crl-25778 194 2 m. m. PROPN crl-25778 194 3 budd budd PROPN crl-25778 194 4 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 5 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 194 6 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 194 7 library library NOUN crl-25778 194 8 data datum NOUN crl-25778 194 9 from from ADP crl-25778 194 10 the the DET crl-25778 194 11 united united PROPN crl-25778 194 12 states states PROPN crl-25778 194 13 : : PUNCT crl-25778 194 14 an an DET crl-25778 194 15 examination examination NOUN crl-25778 194 16 of of ADP crl-25778 194 17 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 194 18 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 19 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 194 20 libres libre NOUN crl-25778 194 21 : : PUNCT crl-25778 194 22 library library NOUN crl-25778 194 23 & & CCONJ crl-25778 194 24 information information PROPN crl-25778 194 25 science science PROPN crl-25778 194 26 research research PROPN crl-25778 194 27 electronic electronic ADJ crl-25778 194 28 journal journal NOUN crl-25778 194 29 19 19 NUM crl-25778 194 30 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 31 no no INTJ crl-25778 194 32 . . NOUN crl-25778 194 33 2 2 NUM crl-25778 194 34 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 194 35 2009 2009 NUM crl-25778 194 36 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 194 37 1–21 1–21 PROPN crl-25778 194 38 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 194 39 david david PROPN crl-25778 194 40 w. w. PROPN crl-25778 194 41 lewis lewis PROPN crl-25778 194 42 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 43 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 194 44 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 194 45 library library NOUN crl-25778 194 46 staffing staff VERB crl-25778 194 47 a a DET crl-25778 194 48 decade decade NOUN crl-25778 194 49 from from ADP crl-25778 194 50 now now ADV crl-25778 194 51 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 52 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 194 53 in in ADP crl-25778 194 54 the the DET crl-25778 194 55 expert expert NOUN crl-25778 194 56 library library NOUN crl-25778 194 57 : : PUNCT crl-25778 194 58 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 194 59 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 60 sustaining sustain VERB crl-25778 194 61 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 62 and and CCONJ crl-25778 194 63 advancing advance VERB crl-25778 194 64 the the DET crl-25778 194 65 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 194 66 library library NOUN crl-25778 194 67 in in ADP crl-25778 194 68 the the DET crl-25778 194 69 21st 21st ADJ crl-25778 194 70 century century NOUN crl-25778 194 71 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 72 eds eds PROPN crl-25778 194 73 . . PUNCT crl-25778 194 74 scott scott PROPN crl-25778 194 75 walter walter PROPN crl-25778 194 76 and and CCONJ crl-25778 194 77 karen karen PROPN crl-25778 194 78 williams williams PROPN crl-25778 194 79 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 194 80 chicago chicago PROPN crl-25778 194 81 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 82 il il PROPN crl-25778 194 83 : : PUNCT crl-25778 194 84 association association NOUN crl-25778 194 85 of of ADP crl-25778 194 86 college college PROPN crl-25778 194 87 and and CCONJ crl-25778 194 88 research research NOUN crl-25778 194 89 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 194 90 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 91 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 194 92 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 194 93 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 94 1–29 1–29 PROPN crl-25778 194 95 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 194 96 songqian songqian PROPN crl-25778 194 97 lu lu PROPN crl-25778 194 98 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 99 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 194 100 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 194 101 in in ADP crl-25778 194 102 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 194 103 . . PROPN crl-25778 194 104 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 194 105 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 194 106 : : PUNCT crl-25778 194 107 a a DET crl-25778 194 108 statistical statistical ADJ crl-25778 194 109 comparison comparison NOUN crl-25778 194 110 of of ADP crl-25778 194 111 the the DET crl-25778 194 112 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 194 113 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 194 114 survey survey NOUN crl-25778 194 115 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 194 116 1994–2004 1994–2004 NUM crl-25778 194 117 ) ) PUNCT crl-25778 194 118 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 119 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 194 120 chinese chinese ADJ crl-25778 194 121 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25778 194 122 29 29 NUM crl-25778 194 123 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 194 124 2007 2007 NUM crl-25778 194 125 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 194 126 1–21 1–21 PROPN crl-25778 194 127 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 194 128 john john PROPN crl-25778 194 129 j. j. PROPN crl-25778 194 130 regazzi regazzi PROPN crl-25778 194 131 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 132 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 194 133 comparing compare VERB crl-25778 194 134 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 194 135 library library NOUN crl-25778 194 136 spending spending NOUN crl-25778 194 137 with with ADP crl-25778 194 138 public public ADJ crl-25778 194 139 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 194 140 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 141 public public ADJ crl-25778 194 142 k–12 k–12 PROPN crl-25778 194 143 schools school NOUN crl-25778 194 144 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 145 higher high ADJ crl-25778 194 146 education education NOUN crl-25778 194 147 public public ADJ crl-25778 194 148 institutions institution NOUN crl-25778 194 149 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 150 and and CCONJ crl-25778 194 151 public public ADJ crl-25778 194 152 hospitals hospital NOUN crl-25778 194 153 between between ADP crl-25778 194 154 1998–2008 1998–2008 NUM crl-25778 194 155 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 156 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 194 157 journal journal NOUN crl-25778 194 158 of of ADP crl-25778 194 159 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 194 160 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25778 194 161 38 38 NUM crl-25778 194 162 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 163 no no INTJ crl-25778 194 164 . . NOUN crl-25778 194 165 4 4 NUM crl-25778 194 166 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 194 167 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 194 168 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 194 169 205–216 205–216 NUM crl-25778 194 170 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 171 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2012.04.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2012.04.003 PROPN crl-25778 194 172 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 194 173 john john PROPN crl-25778 194 174 j. j. PROPN crl-25778 194 175 regazzi regazzi PROPN crl-25778 194 176 , , PUNCT crl-25778 194 177 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 194 178 constrained constrain VERB crl-25778 194 179 ? ? PUNCT crl-25778 195 1 an an DET crl-25778 195 2 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25778 195 3 of of ADP crl-25778 195 4 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 195 5 . . PROPN crl-25778 195 6 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 195 7 library library NOUN crl-25778 195 8 shifts shift NOUN crl-25778 195 9 in in ADP crl-25778 195 10 spending spending NOUN crl-25778 195 11 , , PUNCT crl-25778 195 12 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 195 13 , , PUNCT crl-25778 195 14 and and CCONJ crl-25778 195 15 utilization utilization NOUN crl-25778 195 16 , , PUNCT crl-25778 195 17 1998–2008 1998–2008 NUM crl-25778 195 18 , , PUNCT crl-25778 195 19 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 195 20 college college PROPN crl-25778 195 21 & & CCONJ crl-25778 195 22 research research PROPN crl-25778 195 23 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 195 24 73 73 NUM crl-25778 195 25 , , PUNCT crl-25778 195 26 no no INTJ crl-25778 195 27 . . NOUN crl-25778 195 28 5 5 NUM crl-25778 195 29 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 195 30 2012 2012 NUM crl-25778 195 31 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 195 32 449–468 449–468 NUM crl-25778 195 33 , , PUNCT crl-25778 195 34 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-260 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-260 PROPN crl-25778 195 35 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 195 36 john john PROPN crl-25778 195 37 j. j. PROPN crl-25778 195 38 regazzi regazzi PROPN crl-25778 195 39 , , PUNCT crl-25778 195 40 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 195 41 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 195 42 . . PROPN crl-25778 195 43 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 195 44 library library NOUN crl-25778 195 45 spending spending NOUN crl-25778 195 46 , , PUNCT crl-25778 195 47 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 195 48 and and CCONJ crl-25778 195 49 utilization utilization NOUN crl-25778 195 50 during during ADP crl-25778 195 51 the the DET crl-25778 195 52 great great ADJ crl-25778 195 53 recession recession NOUN crl-25778 195 54 2008–2010 2008–2010 NUM crl-25778 195 55 , , PUNCT crl-25778 195 56 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 195 57 journal journal NOUN crl-25778 195 58 of of ADP crl-25778 195 59 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 195 60 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25778 195 61 39 39 NUM crl-25778 195 62 , , PUNCT crl-25778 195 63 no no INTJ crl-25778 195 64 . . NOUN crl-25778 195 65 3 3 NUM crl-25778 195 66 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 195 67 2013 2013 NUM crl-25778 195 68 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 195 69 217–222 217–222 NUM crl-25778 195 70 , , PUNCT crl-25778 195 71 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2012.12.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2012.12.002 NOUN crl-25778 195 72 ; ; PUNCT crl-25778 195 73 christopher christopher PROPN crl-25778 195 74 stewart stewart PROPN crl-25778 195 75 , , PUNCT crl-25778 195 76 “ " PUNCT crl-25778 195 77 half half ADV crl-25778 195 78 empty empty ADJ crl-25778 195 79 or or CCONJ crl-25778 195 80 half half NOUN crl-25778 195 81 full full ADJ crl-25778 195 82 ? ? PUNCT crl-25778 196 1 staffing staffing NOUN crl-25778 196 2 trends trend NOUN crl-25778 196 3 in in ADP crl-25778 196 4 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 196 5 libraries library NOUN crl-25778 196 6 at at ADP crl-25778 196 7 u.s u.s PROPN crl-25778 196 8 . . PROPN crl-25778 196 9 research research NOUN crl-25778 196 10 universities university NOUN crl-25778 196 11 , , PUNCT crl-25778 196 12 2000–2008 2000–2008 NOUN crl-25778 196 13 , , PUNCT crl-25778 196 14 ” " PUNCT crl-25778 196 15 the the DET crl-25778 196 16 journal journal NOUN crl-25778 196 17 of of ADP crl-25778 196 18 academic academic ADJ crl-25778 196 19 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25778 196 20 36 36 NUM crl-25778 196 21 , , PUNCT crl-25778 196 22 no no INTJ crl-25778 196 23 . . NOUN crl-25778 196 24 5 5 NUM crl-25778 196 25 ( ( PUNCT crl-25778 196 26 2010 2010 NUM crl-25778 196 27 ): ): PUNCT crl-25778 196 28 394–400 394–400 NUM crl-25778 196 29 , , PUNCT crl-25778 196 30 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2010.06.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2010.06.003 NOUN crl-25778 196 31 . . PROPN crl-25778 196 32 16 16 NUM crl-25778 196 33 . . 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