C&RL News June 2019 354

I spent the fall of 2016 as a Fulbright Scholar in China. I was interested in China in part 
because of China’s rising intellectual power 
and increasing economic power in the global 
market. I was excited and anxious to arrive in 
China after the end of the 2016 G20 Summit 
in Hangzhou, my new home. Hangzhou is 
famous for its history: West Lake, the longest 
manmade canal in the world, Dragon Well Tea 
(Longjingcha), and innovations, such as being 
the home of Alibaba’s online enterprise. 

My teaching life
My Fulbright letter specified that I was to 
teach two graduate courses in the Informa-
tion Resources Department (IRM), School of 
Public Affairs (SPA) at Zhejiang University, 
one of China’s top ten universities. I had an-
ticipated my teaching with excitement and 
had diligently prepared for my two courses 
because I was concerned about pedagogi-
cal adjustments in my teaching and whether 
the Chinese students would accept it easily. 
Moreover, I had a healthy dose of apprehen-
sion about the seminar course that I had just 
developed for the Chinese graduate students. 

My students were delightful in their devo-
tion to studying and learning.1 Arriving early 
in the morning for my class, I noticed that my 
teaching assistant had already placed a cup of 
hot tea on my table. A box of tissues was placed 
on the side near where I placed my laptop. At 
the slightest hint that technical assistance might 
be needed in viewing my lecture PowerPoints, 
three or more students would jump right in to 
help me. Whenever my students saw me on 

Shin Freedman is head of Scholarly Resources and 
Collections at Framingham State University Library, 
email: sfreedman@framingham.edu

© 2019 Shin Freedman

Shin Freedman

The Fulbright experience
Teaching Library and Information Science for one semester in China

the way I see it

campus, they would take my bag and carry 
it for me. This respectful attention would be 
highly unusual in the United States, but com-
mon practice here, given my age and position 
as a Fulbright Scholar. 

During my lectures, students were attentive, 
respectfully taking notes, and recording my 
lectures almost verbatim. However, when the 
discussions started, they were often hesitant, 
not because the instructional language was in 
their second language of English (all my gradu-
ate students were quite proficient in spoken 
and written English), but because they were 
unaccustomed to taking the risk of expressing 
their individual opinions openly for fear of 
contradicting their classmates or the professor’s 
point of view.2

In each classroom activity, I organized 
students into groups either in a mixed level of 
ability or in a mix of their academic year rank-
ing. Initially, the group activities I planned for 
the class were received with reluctance. As I 
continually emphasized the value of collabo-
ration in discussion and research projects, my 
students seemed to get the hang of it. During 
discussions on “Intellectual Property and Copy-
rights,”3 one student expressed indignation at 
my requirement to use international standards 
of scholarship and research. In fact, another 

mailto:sfreedman%40framingham.edu?subject=


June 2019 355 C&RL News

asked point blank, “Why should Chinese 
intellectuals follow the American standards 
of publishing guidelines when the Chinese 
standards are as good as any?” Taking this 
as a teachable moment, I introduced critical 
thinking and evaluation to continue this ac-
tive discussion. 

Aside from teaching, the Fulbright Guest 
Lecture Program was a personally rewarding 
and professionally enhancing experience. 
The Council for the International Exchange of 
Scholars, in collaboration with the American 
Embassy in Beijing, created a list of lecture 
topics and sent out the list to all Chinese 
universities early in the fall. I started getting 
invitations from various universities across 
the country to talk about my research. In one 
instance, I spoke to an audience of university 
librarians from 11 institutions around Beijing 
about the professional identity of academic 
librarians in the United States. A lively Q&A 
followed, facilitated in Chinese and English. 

I also had many opportunities to socialize 
and learn culturally from my gracious hosts, 
including my Chinese-language tutor Rachel, 
who warmly welcomed me into her home for 
the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival dinner, 
and the university dean, who included me in a 
dinner party complete with Beijing roast duck 
after learning that I had missed Thanksgiving.

Reflections
My one semester sojourn in China was a pe-
riod of time when I experimented with my 
teaching and theoretical practices within a 
new framework. Almost at the end of the 
semester, I learned that a majority of my stu-
dents were auditors who had already com-
pleted their course work, as they were second 
year graduate students and Ph.D. candidates. 
I wondered what made them stay through-
out the entire course. Was it because the 
course materials were new to them? Was it 
because of the English-language instruction? 
Was it due to my American teaching style? I 
also wondered whether these postgraduate 
students’ participation was made mandatory 
by the administration. Nonetheless, what im-
pressed me the most was that these auditing 

students fully participated in the class with the 
weekly readings, discussions, and class assign-
ments, including the final research paper. The 
class discussions were greatly enhanced by 
these auditors. I felt sheer joy being around 
all the students in my courses and the other 
students I met on my lecture program. 

Having had such an intense crosscultural 
experience abroad in teaching, living, and 
learning, it took me a while to readjust back 
to my life at my home institution. When a 
major snow storm welcomed me back to 
Boston, I had two snow days to contemplate 
the meaning of my Fulbright experience in 
China. I reflected whether I had made any 
real difference in the education of my Chinese 
students. As I reviewed the assessment of the 
students’ evaluations, I felt a deep sense of 
satisfaction about the semester I had spent in 
China. Someday soon, I hope to see my former 
Chinese students join me in the professional 
world of LIS on a global scale. 

Notes
1. In my home institution, the majority of 

the graduate students have jobs, are married 
and study part-time. However, the Chinese 
graduate students study full-time, and all my 
students were unmarried and lived in campus 
dormitories. Studying is their job.

2. Helena Hing Wa Sit, “Characteristics 
of Chinese students’ learning styles,” Inter-
national proceedings of economics develop-
ment and research 62 (2013): 36.

3. There was a landmark intellectual 
property case finally won by former basket-
ball star Michael Jordan against the Chinese 
Sporting Company’s copyright infringement 
which had been lost in two previous cases. 
The verdict, from the Supreme People’s 
Court, reversed previous rulings by lower 
courts in Beijing that said Qiaodan, based 
in the southern province of Fujian, could 
use the Chinese characters for Jordan to sell 
their goods. Then the Chinese Supreme Court 
finally admitted the wrongdoing of copying 
the trademark of Michael Jordan. I used this 
case ruling as an example in our discussion 
to elicit students’ reactions.