ACRL News Issue (B) of College & Research Libraries


251

ACRL Programs at the Kansas City Conference
PRECONFERENCE PROGRAMS

The Preconference meeting of the Col­
lege Libraries Section of ACRL was held 
at the University of Kansas in Lawrence 
on June 20–22; subject of the meetings was 
“Non Western Materials for the Under­
graduate Collection.”

A Preconference meeting of the Junior 
College Libraries Section of ACRL was 
cosponsored by JCLS, and the American 
Association of Junior Colleges. Subject of 
the meetings was “Library Services to Vo­
cational-Technical Education Programs in 
Junior Colleges.

Lawrence S. Thompson presided at the 
Preconference meeting of the Rare Rooks 
Section of ACRL on June 20-22 at Dixon 
Inn in Kansas City, Mo. Approximately 
one hundred fifty librarians and booksellers 
were present. At the opening session of the 
institute on “The Antiquarian Rook Trade 
in the Twentieth Century” a panel of 
speakers considered whether the sources of 
antiquarian books were drying up; the role 
of the private collector; the relationship of 
the antiquarian bookseller and the librarian; 
and the function of the international book- 
dealer. While some felt that it took sorcery 
to turn up new sources, one speaker ob­
served that this view was perpetuated by 
lazy booksellers, uninformed librarians, and 
silly book collectors. He felt that the supply 
of books would continue as long as we re­
member that today’s commonplaces are to­
morrow’s rarities, and cease to yearn for 
the unprocurable. Cooperation, especially 
in the understanding of problems faced by 
the dealer and the librarian, was called for.

In the following sessions the past, pres­
ent, and future of the trade in Great Brit­
ain, France, the Germanies, Italy, Spain, 
Scandinavia, Holland, South and Central 
America, and the United States were con­
sidered. Many useful histories and bibli­
ographies were cited, and the following 
points made, amongst others.

The private collector was seen as a de­
clining source and customer in England, a 
constant in France, and an increasingly im­
portant factor in Italy. In England the 
catalog stood at the top of the list of means 
of selling books, and shop visits at the bot­
tom. The individualistic nature of the

French, and government regulations, were 
seen as accounting for the importance of 
buying directly from shops in France, and 
for the booksellers’ preference for cash 
transactions. Government regulations pre­
sented problems in most of the countries 
discussed. In Germany under the Nazis 
stocks were destroyed, and this destruction 
deepened during World W ar II. Total stocks 
stood at three to four million after the war, 
although three firms alone could have made 
up that total in 1933. The flight of dealers 
under the Nazis at least enriched the rest 
of the world, although at a tragic price.

In Italy the proportion of small amateur 
dealers is high and considerable reliance 
is placed on a network of scouts. The great 
private libraries of the south should prove 
a fruitful source of stock, but one difficult 
to tap. Spain and Spanish America both 
present pictures of somewhat haphazard 
collecting and problems in meeting export 
regulations. Although the bulk of the trade 
of the antiquarian dealers in the Scandina­
vian countries and Holland is in books in 
the language of their own countries, we 
must turn to them increasingly for the 
completion of great scholarly collections in 
general subjects, and, of course, in their 
own histories and cultures. Finally, the 
United States presents us with the greatest 
number of antiquarian booksellers with the 
greatest diversity in their specialties.

The talks were summarized at the meet­
ing of the Mississippi Valley Regional 
Group of the Bibliographical Society of 
America, where the value of meetings at 
which the dealer, the collector, and the li­
brarian could talk together was reempha­
sized. That summaiy will be published in 
AB: Bookmans W eekly and the papers 
themselves will appear in The 1969 AB 
Bookmans Yearbook.— Howell J. Heaney. 

CONFERENCE PROGRAMS

The Kansas City Conference program 
meeting of ACRL was held on June 24. 
Dan M. Lacy, McGraw-Hill Book Compa­
ny, spoke on the report of the National 
Advisory Commission on Libraries and its 
implications for academic and research li­
braries. Anne Edmonds spoke on the im­
plications of the report for accrediting 
agencies and Norman Tanis on its implications



252

Su b j e c t  S p e c ia l is t s  S e c t io n

Richard L. Snyder presided at the pro­
gram and business meeting of the Subject 
Specialists Section of ACRL on June 25, 
during the Kansas City Conference. Ap­
proximately seventy-five were present. The 
meeting was cosponsored by the Slavic and 
East European Subsection and the Law and 
Political Science Subsection. The speakers 
were: Ray R. Suput, acting director, Frei- 
berger library, Case Western Reserve Uni­
versity libraries, who spoke on “Advances 
in Soviet Librarianship and Legal Bibliog­
raphy—Continuity and Change in Russian 
Librarianship”; and Vaclav Mostecky, as­
sistant librarian for foreign law reference, 
Harvard law school library, who spoke on 
“Bibliographic Sources in Soviet Law.”

On June 27 the Section cosponsored with 
the Music Library Association and the The­
ater Library Association, a program at the 
Linda Hall library, Kansas City. A panel 
discussed “The Role of the Subject Spe­
cialist in Librarianship.”—Lois Fern.

A g r ic u l t u r e  a n d  B io l o g ic a l  S c ie n c e s  
Su b s e c t io n

Mrs. Pauline W. Jennings presided at the 
business and program meeting of the Agri­
culture and Biological Sciences Subsection 
of the ACRL Subject Specialists Section on 
June 24 during the Kansas City Conference. 
Approximately eighty-five were present. 
Joseph Becker, director of information sci­
ence, Interuniversity Communications Coun­
cil (EDUCOM ), Rockville, Md., spoke on 
“Communications Technology and Agricul­
tural Information,” which will be published 
as an article in the January 1969 issue of 
Library Trends.— Blanche L. Oliveri.

A r t  Su b s e c t io n

James K. Dickson presided at the Kan­
sas City Conference meetings of the Art 
Subsection of ACRL’s Subject Specialists 
Section on June 24 and June 25. Twenty- 
six were present at the meeting on June 
24, and heard Andrew W. Morgan of the 
Kansas City Art Institute discuss “The Cul­
tural Circulation System in the Heart of 
America.” At the Nelson Gallery of Art on 
June 25, sixty-five persons heard Laurence 
C. Sickman speak on “Far Eastern Books 
on Art—Ancient and Modem,” and toured 
the gallery.—Nancy L. Johanson.

for Standards. Warren J. Haas 
discussed the implications of the report for 
surveys.

C o l l e g e  L ib r a r ie s  Se c t io n

Audrey North, chairman, presided at the 
business and program meeting of the Col­
lege Libraries Section of ACRL on June 25. 
Approximately two hundred were present. 
After a very brief business meeting, the 
program portion of the meeting was opened 
by a short talk on Interinstitutional Sys­
tems and the College Library: a Forward 
Look by Audrey North, who later intro­
duced Frederick G. Kilgour, E. J. Josey, 
and Robert W. Evans, who presented a 
summary and remarks. Mr. Kilgour, direc­
tor of the Ohio College Library Center, 
Ohio State University spoke on “Contribu­
tions of Regional Computerization to Small 
Colleges” addressing himself specifically to 
the problems of the independent small col­
leges. He emphasized the role which the 
library should take in the total educational 
program, urging that the library both stim­
ulate the improvement of teaching methods 
and support those changes which are initi­
ated by administration and faculty, not lag 
behind nor obstruct. Mr. Josey, associate 
in academic and research libraries in the 
division of library development of the New 
York State library, Albany, had as his topic 
“The Role of the College Library in the 
3R’s System.” Mr. Josey opened his ad­
dress by explaining that “3R’s” is the nick­
name for the Reference and Research Li­
brary Resources program which developed 
to meet the great needs of advanced re­
searchers and scholars in New York, whether 
or not they were connected with institutions 
of higher education. New York had rich re­
sources, but only a small proportion of those 
who needed material had access to it. To 
improve this situation nine regional sys­
tems were set up with state support which 
in the year April 1, 1968–March 31, 1969, 
amounts to $1,250,000. Mr. Josey reported 
the organization of the regional systems and 
the results of a questionnaire sent to a sam­
ple forty college librarians regarding the 
operation of the plan.

Mr. Evans, associate librarian, Oberlin 
College, closed the program with general 
comments upon the topic of the section 
program and a few observations about co­
operation in which Oberlin takes part.— 
lean P. Black.



253

E d u c a t io n  a n d  B e h a v io r a l  S c ie n c e s  
Su b s e c t io n

Mrs. Barbara Marks presided at the or­
ganizational and program meeting of the 
Education and Behavioral Sciences Subsec­
tion of the ACRL Subject Specialist Sec­
tion in Kansas City on June 25. Approxi­
mately fifty were present. Mrs. Marks 
opened the meeting and after a brief busi­
ness report, turned the meeting over to the 
program chairman, Howard Dillon, Harvard 
University, Cambridge). Mr. Dillon said 
that a common interest of education librari­
ans is the deficiencies in the indexing and 
other bibliographical control of the liter­
ature of education and therefore three 
speakers had been invited to form a panel 
on this subject: Professor Sidney Forman, 
Teachers College, Columbia University; 
George Heise, H. W. Wilson Co.; and Har­
vey Marron, Educational Resources Infor­
mation Center, U.S. Office of Education.

Dr. Forman spoke of the increasing con­
cern with education, in its broadest sense, 
by a wide variety of agencies and individu­
als. Bibliographical control needs to be 
evaluated against this background of di­
verse needs. The pressure is even greater 
in the education area because of the con­
cern with all media. Access to the records 
of other countries is increasingly needed, 
a matter of some two thousand journals 
from some eighty countries. An individual, 
or even a scholarly association, will find the 
task of covering this vast area too great or 
the support to bolster the necessary dis­
tribution apparatus lacking. Can a commer­
cial organization do the job? Tauber and 
Lilly a few years ago thought that only a 
government agency could do the job. Dr. 
Forman concluded his remarks by sketching 
an ideal system of bibliographical control 
for education and the behavioral sciences: 
cover all behavioral and social sciences, 
nationally and internationally, including 
what librarians have called “ephemera”; 
cover all media; be up-to-date; index in 
depth and include abstracts and transla­
tions; be compatible with emerging auto­
mated systems.

Mr. Heise sketched the history of Wilson 
indexes and in particular of the Education 
Index whose first issue was March 1929. 
Until the fifties periodicals to be included 
were selected solely by means of voting by 
users, but the tendency was noted to vote

for only those periodicals presently sub­
scribed to, and so an ALA committee en­
tered the picture. In the fall of 1959 a 
study of Education Index began. A ques­
tionnaire went to users in May 1960, ask­
ing what should be added, what dropped, 
whether serials and proceedings should be 
included, what priorities should be adopted. 
Book reviews and author entries were voted 
to be dropped, for example, in order to 
extend the number of periodicals to be cov­
ered. One hundred ninety-five publications 
are indexed now by an editor and two in­
dexers. Mr. Heise concluded by announcing 
that he hoped to see a new study of Edu- 
dation Index begin this fall.

Harvey Marron spoke of his agency 
(ERIC) which unlike other national infor­
mation systems, is decentralized. All the 
ERIC product is from the local specialized 
clearinghouses. Not only does ERIC index 
and abstract, but it makes the texts avail­
able. Items to be generated are determined 
by the clearinghouses, and they also main­
tain collections of the report literature in 
their special fields. There are plans for an 
on-line retrieval system but that will be 
several years from now. Emphasis is on 
getting the quality report literature under 
bibliographical control and disseminated. 
ERIC expects to level out to about twelve 
thousand items per year. There are now 
forty-five hundred subscriptions to Research 
in Education, the ERIC indexing-abstract­
ing journal, which makes it the leading 
federal government journal of its kind. A 
year ago it was thought desirable to go into 
periodical literature. A contract was let out 
to Herner and Co. of Washington to study 
what journals are of use to the educational 
community, what coverage already exists 
and what the Office of Education should 
do. The contractor has so far identified 375 
titles with fifteen- to twenty-five thousand 
indexable items per year. Mr. Marron de­
tailed the many problems; coverage, depth 
of indexing, who to index, abstract or mini­
abstract or plain index, overlapping, retro­
spective or current only, etc. The hope is 
that the Office of Education can go to 
commercial publishers to produce the pub­
lication, both to make use of their know­
how and so that they can pick up part of 
the cost. A proposal along these lines will 
be issued this summer. A question period 
followed.



254

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255

One questioner asked Mr. Dillon why 
only education, not the behavioral sciences, 
was featured in the program. Mr. Dillon 
replied that the program next year would 
probably emphasize the behavioral sciences, 
that the impetus for forming the group had 
come from education librarians but that the 
intention was to broaden the membership 
and the field of interest.—W ayne Gossage.

U n iv e r s it y  L ib r a r ie s  Se c t io n

At the program meeting of the University 
Libraries Section of ACRL on June 25 in 
Kansas City, three panel members discussed 
the subject of university library Standards. 
Stuart Forth (University of Kentucky), 
chairman of the Section, opened the meet­
ing by citing the need for study and the 
establishment of Standards for university 
libraries. Norman Tanis, Kansas State Col­
lege at Pittsburg, chairman of the ACRL 
Committee on Standards, was the first 
speaker, and briefly outlined the work of 
ACRL, ARL, and representatives from the 
Department of Health, Education, and Wel­
fare Office of Education at a meeting last 
autumn in Boston. Mr. Tanis indicated that 
universities, especially new universities, 
need Standards for justifying budget re­
quests. University Standards also are need­
ed to justify federal legislation to assist 
such libraries, to provide statistically ori­
ented criteria for the counseling and con­
sulting done by the Office of Education, 
and for the equitable division of federal 
funds among all types of academic libraries. 
Such functions, he stated, require quanti­
tative criteria. He pointed out that univer­
sity library Standards are going to be for­
mulated, and are indeed being formulated, 
although frequently by agencies not knowl­
edgeable about university libraries. Librar­
ians therefore should actively participate in 
developing Standards and assist in testing 
their implementation.

Robert B. Downs, dean of library admin­
istration, University of Illinois at Urbana, 
and chairman of the recently established 
ARL/ACRL committee to study university 
library Standards, mentioned that an initial 
handicap to the formulation of Standards 
is that many different kinds of institutions 
call themselves universities; that Standards 
for such widely diverse institutions would 
be meaningless, difficult to gain acceptance 
for, and possibly would do more harm than

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good. Dr. Downs proposed two alternatives 
for the preparation of university library 
Standards—(1) formulation of ideal Stand­
ards—which he stated would be too intan­
gible, subjective, and controversial; (2) 
formulation of pragmatic Standards, based 
on what is regarded as the best of current 
practices. He favored the latter approach 
and suggested that the forty-two members 
of the Association of American Universities, 
or the seventy institutional members of 
ARL could provide the base for such a 
study. Frequent revision of any Standards 
are necessary; Dr. Downs said that every 
five years seems not too often.

Of his assigned subject, Standards for 
Collections, Dr. Downs itemized fifteen 
areas for which Standards might be estab­
lished using a key group of university li­
braries for establishing criteria. Statistics for 
the collections of academic members of 
ARL might provide medians which might 
well become the basis for some Standards 
or collections. Definitions could be agreed 

upon after a survey, or might be the defi­
itions adopted by the USOE, or UNESCO. 

Methods of counting might represent a con­
ensus of practices followed by a control 

group.
Dr. Downs pointed out that although the 

lapp-Jordan formula for quantitative cri­
eria has been criticized, it nevertheless 
rings such criteria down to specifics. Plans 
roposed for the ACRL/ARL Joint Com­
ittee study differ from the Clapp-Jordan 

tudy in that the joint committee will base 
ts work on actual university library con­
itions rather than on theoretical Standards. 
erner Clapp and others have objected to 

alling norms “Standards,” he said, but 
edians produced by the study might be 

alled “criteria for excellence,” or “sig­
ificant characteristics of university li­
raries.” Whatever they are called, how­
ver, they should not be regarded as true 
tandards until tested objectively by re­
earch programs to demonstrate their valid­
ty. Necessarily, such research is long range 
n nature, but by using the proposed pro­
edures a tool of great utility could be de­
eloped.

On the subject of centralization versus 
ecentralization, Dr. Downs said that its 
arious aspects invite attempts at Standards. 
o area in library administration is more 

in need of them.



256

He pointed out that after the joint com­
mittee comes up with Standards for uni­
versity libraries, official standing for them 
will have to be obtained through endorse­
ment by ACRL and ALA, by ARL, and by 
any other national library organization af­
fected or concerned; he suggested, also, 
that approval and support by such groups 
as the Association of American Universities, 
American Council on Education, and Re­
gional Accrediting Associations be request­
ed. No matter how perfect the Standards 
appear when finally developed and adopt­
ed, it is certain that some people will be 
unhappy with them.

Gustave Harrer (University of Florida), 
standing in for Ellsworth Mason (Hofstra 
University), spoke on physical facilities. One 
of the things the committee is discovering, 
he said, is that although there is a general 
agreement on the part of members that 
Standards are feasible and necessary, most 
other opinions vary. For the purposes of 
establishing Standards, he said, there are 
two problems. Librarians make judgments 
about library service in real situations; but, 
the purpose of formulating Standards, fac­
tors used in subjective judgments must be 
analyzed and defined so that they are mea­
surable, and differences among levels,

grades, and forms must be reduced to 
comparable terms of measurement. The 
Standards must determine at which point 
on the scale library service becomes unac­
ceptable.

Concerning space requirements, Stand­
ards should apply for staff, collections, or 
readers, taking into account ratios of un­
dergraduates, graduates, and faculty, with 
concern for the commuters vs. resident stu­
dents. Space for readers therefore must be 
considered in the light of the type of in­
stitution—urban, rural, residential. Space 
for collections, for example, might be ex­
tended to anticipate growth, but should be 
applied only to the collection. Mr. Harrer 
mentioned Lucien White’s study of uni­
versity library systems with more than one 
million volumes, and suggested that for the 
purpose of formulating Standards these 
libraries should be evaluated in terms of 
sufficiency, perhaps by categories. Mr. Har­
rer indicated that any statement of Stand­
ards, until more detailed information is 
gathered, would be premature. For the 
present, the collection of substantive data is 
required; these should then be evaluated 
and tested for their validity as workable 
university library Standards. ■ ■

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