id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
cblr-14241	1	1	9	9	X
cblr-14241	1	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	1	3	graves	grave	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	4	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	1	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	1	6	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	1	8	print	print	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	1	10	note	note	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	11	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	1	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	1	13	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	14	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	1	15	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	16	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	1	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	1	18	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	19	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	20	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	21	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	1	22	promoting	promote	VERB
cblr-14241	1	23	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	24	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	25	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	1	26	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	27	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	1	28	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	29	noah	noah	PROPN
cblr-14241	1	30	graves*1	graves*1	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	31	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	32	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	1	33	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	1	34	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	1	35	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	1	36	securities	securities	PROPN
cblr-14241	1	37	exchange	exchange	PROPN
cblr-14241	1	38	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	39	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	1	40	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	1	41	allows	allow	VERB
cblr-14241	1	42	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	1	43	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	44	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	1	45	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	1	46	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	1	47	vicariously	vicariously	ADV
cblr-14241	1	48	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	1	49	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	1	50	breaches	breach	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	51	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	1	52	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	1	53	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	54	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	55	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	1	56	parties	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	1	57	whom	whom	PRON
cblr-14241	1	58	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	1	59	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	1	60	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	2	1	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	2	2	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	2	3	split	split	NOUN
cblr-14241	2	4	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	2	5	emerged	emerge	VERB
cblr-14241	2	6	between	between	ADP
cblr-14241	2	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	2	8	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	2	9	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	2	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	2	11	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	2	12	circuits	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	2	13	concerning	concern	VERB
cblr-14241	2	14	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	2	15	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	2	16	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	2	17	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	2	18	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	2	19	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	2	20	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	2	21	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	2	22	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	2	23	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	2	24	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	2	25	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	2	26	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	2	27	participant	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	2	28	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	2	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	2	30	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	2	31	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	2	32	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	3	1	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	3	2	note	note	NOUN
cblr-14241	3	3	argues	argue	VERB
cblr-14241	3	4	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	3	5	favor	favor	NOUN
cblr-14241	3	6	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	3	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	3	8	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	3	9	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	3	10	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	3	11	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	3	12	holds	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	3	13	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	3	14	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	3	15	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	3	16	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	3	17	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	3	18	required	require	VERB
cblr-14241	3	19	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	3	20	plead	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	3	21	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	3	22	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	3	23	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	3	24	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	3	25	were	be	AUX
cblr-14241	3	26	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	3	27	participants	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	3	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	4	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	4	2	doing	do	VERB
cblr-14241	4	3	so	so	ADV
cblr-14241	4	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	4	5	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	4	6	note	note	NOUN
cblr-14241	4	7	argues	argue	VERB
cblr-14241	4	8	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	4	9	broader	broad	ADJ
cblr-14241	4	10	exposure	exposure	NOUN
cblr-14241	4	11	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	4	12	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	4	13	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	4	14	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	4	15	encourage	encourage	VERB
cblr-14241	4	16	increased	increase	VERB
cblr-14241	4	17	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	4	18	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	4	19	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	4	20	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	4	21	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	4	22	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	4	23	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	4	24	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	4	25	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	5	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
cblr-14241	5	2	..........................................................................	..........................................................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	5	3	876	876	NUM
cblr-14241	5	4	part	part	NOUN
cblr-14241	6	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	6	2	.....................................................................................	.....................................................................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	6	3	877	877	NUM
cblr-14241	6	4	a.	a.	NOUN
cblr-14241	6	5	background	background	NOUN
cblr-14241	6	6	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	6	7	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	6	8	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	6	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	6	10	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	6	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	6	12	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	6	13	problem	problem	NOUN
cblr-14241	6	14	..................................................................................	..................................................................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	6	15	877	877	NUM
cblr-14241	6	16	i.	i.	PROPN
cblr-14241	6	17	second	second	PROPN
cblr-14241	6	18	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	6	19	................................................	................................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	6	20	881	881	NUM
cblr-14241	6	21	ii	ii	NOUN
cblr-14241	6	22	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	7	1	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	7	2	circuit	circuit	PROPN
cblr-14241	7	3	..................................................	..................................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	7	4	884	884	NUM
cblr-14241	7	5	part	part	NOUN
cblr-14241	7	6	ii	ii	PROPN
cblr-14241	7	7	....................................................................................	....................................................................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	8	1	887	887	NUM
cblr-14241	8	2	*	*	PUNCT
cblr-14241	8	3	j.d	j.d	PROPN
cblr-14241	8	4	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	8	5	candidate	candidate	NOUN
cblr-14241	8	6	2025	2025	NUM
cblr-14241	8	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	8	8	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	8	9	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	8	10	school	school	NOUN
cblr-14241	8	11	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	8	12	b.a	b.a	PROPN
cblr-14241	8	13	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	8	14	2020	2020	NUM
cblr-14241	8	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	8	16	university	university	NOUN
cblr-14241	8	17	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	8	18	massachusetts	massachusetts	PROPN
cblr-14241	8	19	amherst	amherst	PROPN
cblr-14241	8	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	9	1	my	my	PRON
cblr-14241	9	2	thanks	thank	NOUN
cblr-14241	9	3	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	9	4	professor	professor	PROPN
cblr-14241	9	5	joshua	joshua	PROPN
cblr-14241	9	6	mitts	mitt	VERB
cblr-14241	9	7	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	9	8	his	his	PRON
cblr-14241	9	9	guidance	guidance	NOUN
cblr-14241	9	10	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	9	11	advice	advice	NOUN
cblr-14241	9	12	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	9	13	supervising	supervise	VERB
cblr-14241	9	14	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	9	15	note	note	NOUN
cblr-14241	9	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	9	17	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	9	18	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	9	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	9	20	editorial	editorial	ADJ
cblr-14241	9	21	board	board	NOUN
cblr-14241	9	22	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	9	23	staff	staff	NOUN
cblr-14241	9	24	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	9	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	9	26	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	9	27	business	business	PROPN
cblr-14241	9	28	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	9	29	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	9	30	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	9	31	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	9	32	edits	edit	NOUN
cblr-14241	9	33	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	9	34	helpful	helpful	ADJ
cblr-14241	9	35	comments	comment	NOUN
cblr-14241	9	36	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	10	1	876	876	NUM
cblr-14241	10	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	10	3	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	10	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	10	7	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	8	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	9	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	10	10	a.	a.	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	11	critical	critical	ADJ
cblr-14241	10	12	examination	examination	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	13	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	10	14	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	10	15	history	history	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	16	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	10	17	text	text	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	18	..................................................................................	..................................................................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	10	19	887	887	NUM
cblr-14241	10	20	b.	b.	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	21	examination	examination	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	22	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	10	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	10	24	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	25	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	26	.................................	.................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	10	27	891	891	NUM
cblr-14241	10	28	part	part	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	29	iii	iii	PROPN
cblr-14241	10	30	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	10	31	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	32	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	10	33	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	10	34	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	10	35	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	10	36	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	37	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	10	38	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	39	..........................................................................	..........................................................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	10	40	898	898	NUM
cblr-14241	10	41	a.	a.	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	42	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	43	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	10	44	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	45	.........................................	.........................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	10	46	899	899	NUM
cblr-14241	10	47	b.	b.	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	48	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
cblr-14241	10	49	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	10	50	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	51	.......................................	.......................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	10	52	900	900	NUM
cblr-14241	10	53	c.	c.	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	54	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	10	55	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	10	56	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	57	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	58	will	will	AUX
cblr-14241	10	59	promote	promote	VERB
cblr-14241	10	60	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
cblr-14241	10	61	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	10	62	deter	deter	VERB
cblr-14241	10	63	wrongful	wrongful	ADJ
cblr-14241	10	64	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	10	65	.................................	.................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	11	1	904	904	NUM
cblr-14241	11	2	i.	i.	NOUN
cblr-14241	11	3	discarding	discard	VERB
cblr-14241	11	4	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	11	5	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	11	6	will	will	AUX
cblr-14241	11	7	enhance	enhance	VERB
cblr-14241	11	8	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	11	9	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	11	10	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	11	11	...................................	...................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	12	1	905	905	NUM
cblr-14241	12	2	ii	ii	X
cblr-14241	12	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	13	1	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	13	2	faith	faith	PROPN
cblr-14241	13	3	defense	defense	PROPN
cblr-14241	13	4	........................................	........................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	13	5	906	906	NUM
cblr-14241	13	6	iii	iii	NOUN
cblr-14241	13	7	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	13	8	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	13	9	trade	trade	NOUN
cblr-14241	13	10	offs	off	NOUN
cblr-14241	13	11	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	13	12	complications	complication	NOUN
cblr-14241	13	13	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	13	14	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	13	15	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	13	16	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	13	17	costs	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	13	18	.........	.........	PUNCT
cblr-14241	13	19	907	907	NUM
cblr-14241	13	20	d.	d.	NOUN
cblr-14241	13	21	solutions	solution	NOUN
cblr-14241	13	22	..................................................................	..................................................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	14	1	908	908	NUM
cblr-14241	14	2	i.	i.	NOUN
cblr-14241	14	3	clear	clear	ADJ
cblr-14241	14	4	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	14	5	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	14	6	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	14	7	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	14	8	tailoring	tailor	VERB
cblr-14241	14	9	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	14	10	..........................................	..........................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	14	11	909	909	NUM
cblr-14241	14	12	ii	ii	NOUN
cblr-14241	14	13	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	14	14	cheap	cheap	ADJ
cblr-14241	14	15	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	14	16	effective	effective	ADJ
cblr-14241	14	17	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	14	18	...................	...................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	14	19	910	910	NUM
cblr-14241	14	20	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cblr-14241	14	21	.............................................................................	.............................................................................	PUNCT
cblr-14241	14	22	911	911	NUM
cblr-14241	14	23	introduction	introduction	NOUN
cblr-14241	14	24	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	14	25	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	14	26	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	14	27	blame	blame	VERB
cblr-14241	14	28	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	14	29	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	14	30	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	14	31	violates	violate	VERB
cblr-14241	14	32	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	14	33	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	14	34	?	?	PUNCT
cblr-14241	15	1	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	15	2	course	course	ADV
cblr-14241	15	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	15	4	individuals	individual	NOUN
cblr-14241	15	5	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	15	6	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cblr-14241	15	7	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	15	8	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	15	9	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	15	10	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	15	11	misrepresentation	misrepresentation	NOUN
cblr-14241	15	12	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	15	13	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	15	14	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	15	15	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	15	16	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	15	17	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	15	18	transgressions	transgression	NOUN
cblr-14241	15	19	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	16	1	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	16	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	16	3	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	16	4	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	16	5	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	16	6	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	16	7	over	over	ADP
cblr-14241	16	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	16	9	parties	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	16	10	engaging	engage	VERB
cblr-14241	16	11	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	16	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	16	13	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	16	14	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	16	15	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	16	16	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	16	17	as	as	ADV
cblr-14241	16	18	well	well	ADV
cblr-14241	16	19	?	?	PUNCT
cblr-14241	17	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	17	2	answer	answer	NOUN
cblr-14241	17	3	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	17	4	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	17	5	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	17	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	17	7	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	17	8	provided	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	17	9	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	17	10	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	17	11	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	17	12	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	17	13	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	17	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	17	15	securities	securities	PROPN
cblr-14241	17	16	exchange	exchange	PROPN
cblr-14241	17	17	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	17	18	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	17	19	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	17	20	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	17	21	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	17	22	yes	yes	INTJ
cblr-14241	17	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	18	1	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	18	2	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	18	3	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	18	4	allows	allow	VERB
cblr-14241	18	5	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	18	6	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	18	7	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	18	8	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	18	9	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	18	10	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	18	11	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	18	12	breaches	breach	NOUN
cblr-14241	18	13	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	18	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	18	15	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	18	16	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	18	17	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	18	18	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	18	19	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	18	20	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	18	21	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	18	22	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	18	23	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	18	24	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	18	25	controls	control	VERB
cblr-14241	18	26	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	18	27	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	18	28	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	18	29	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	18	30	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	18	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	18	32	act.1	act.1	PROPN
cblr-14241	18	33	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	18	34	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	18	35	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	18	36	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	18	37	application	application	NOUN
cblr-14241	18	38	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	18	39	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	18	40	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	18	41	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	18	42	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	18	43	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	18	44	soon	soon	ADV
cblr-14241	18	45	arose	arise	VERB
cblr-14241	18	46	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	18	47	how	how	SCONJ
cblr-14241	18	48	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	18	49	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	18	50	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	18	51	interpreted	interpret	VERB
cblr-14241	18	52	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	18	53	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	18	54	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	18	55	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	18	56	situations	situation	NOUN
cblr-14241	18	57	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	18	58	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	18	59	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	18	60	imposed	impose	VERB
cblr-14241	18	61	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	18	62	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	18	63	deemed	deem	VERB
cblr-14241	18	64	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	18	65	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	18	66	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	18	67	?	?	PUNCT
cblr-14241	19	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	19	2	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	19	3	words	word	NOUN
cblr-14241	19	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	19	5	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	19	6	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	19	7	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	19	8	considered	consider	VERB
cblr-14241	19	9	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	19	10	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	19	11	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	19	12	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	19	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	19	14	context	context	NOUN
cblr-14241	19	15	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	19	16	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	19	17	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	19	18	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	19	19	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	19	20	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	19	21	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	19	22	how	how	SCONJ
cblr-14241	19	23	involved	involve	VERB
cblr-14241	19	24	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	19	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	19	26	alleged	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	19	27	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	19	28	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	19	29	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	19	30	1	1	NUM
cblr-14241	19	31	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	19	32	u.s.c	u.s.c	NOUN
cblr-14241	19	33	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	20	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	20	2	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	20	3	t.	t.	NOUN
cblr-14241	20	4	no	no	NOUN
cblr-14241	20	5	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	20	6	2	2	NUM
cblr-14241	20	7	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	20	8	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	20	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	20	10	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	20	11	877	877	NUM
cblr-14241	20	12	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	20	13	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	20	14	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	20	15	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	20	16	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	20	17	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	20	18	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	20	19	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	20	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	20	21	wrongdoings	wrongdoing	NOUN
cblr-14241	20	22	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	20	23	parties	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	20	24	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	20	25	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	20	26	deemed	deem	VERB
cblr-14241	20	27	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	20	28	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	20	29	?	?	PUNCT
cblr-14241	21	1	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	21	2	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	21	3	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	21	4	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	21	5	examined	examine	VERB
cblr-14241	21	6	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	21	7	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	21	8	number	number	NOUN
cblr-14241	21	9	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	21	10	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	21	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	21	12	particularly	particularly	ADV
cblr-14241	21	13	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	21	14	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	21	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	21	16	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	21	17	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	21	18	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	21	19	circuits.2	circuits.2	NOUN
cblr-14241	21	20	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	21	21	note	note	NOUN
cblr-14241	21	22	argues	argue	VERB
cblr-14241	21	23	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	21	24	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	21	25	widespread	widespread	ADJ
cblr-14241	21	26	adoption	adoption	NOUN
cblr-14241	21	27	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	21	28	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	21	29	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	21	30	circuit	circuit	PROPN
cblr-14241	21	31	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	21	32	approach	approach	NOUN
cblr-14241	21	33	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	21	34	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	21	35	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	21	36	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	21	37	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	21	38	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	21	39	multiple	multiple	ADJ
cblr-14241	21	40	grounds	ground	NOUN
cblr-14241	21	41	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	22	1	first	first	ADV
cblr-14241	22	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	22	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	22	4	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	22	5	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	22	6	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	22	7	approach	approach	NOUN
cblr-14241	22	8	adheres	adhere	VERB
cblr-14241	22	9	closer	close	ADV
cblr-14241	22	10	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	22	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	22	12	text	text	NOUN
cblr-14241	22	13	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	22	14	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	22	15	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	22	16	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	22	17	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	22	18	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	22	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	22	20	intent	intent	NOUN
cblr-14241	22	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	22	22	congress	congress	PROPN
cblr-14241	22	23	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	22	24	drafting	draft	VERB
cblr-14241	22	25	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	22	26	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	22	27	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	22	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	23	1	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	23	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	23	3	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	23	4	allocates	allocate	VERB
cblr-14241	23	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	23	6	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	23	7	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	23	8	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cblr-14241	23	9	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	23	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	23	11	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	23	12	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	23	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	23	14	greatest	great	ADJ
cblr-14241	23	15	ease	ease	NOUN
cblr-14241	23	16	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	23	17	accessing	access	VERB
cblr-14241	23	18	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	23	19	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cblr-14241	23	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	24	1	lastly	lastly	ADV
cblr-14241	24	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	24	3	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	24	4	induces	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	24	5	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	24	6	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	24	7	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	24	8	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	24	9	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	24	10	serve	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	24	11	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	24	12	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	24	13	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
cblr-14241	24	14	capacity	capacity	NOUN
cblr-14241	24	15	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	24	16	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	24	17	better	well	ADV
cblr-14241	24	18	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	24	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	24	20	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	24	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	24	22	agents	agent	NOUN
cblr-14241	24	23	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	24	24	third	third	ADJ
cblr-14241	24	25	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	24	26	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	24	27	affiliates	affiliate	NOUN
cblr-14241	24	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	25	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	25	2	part	part	NOUN
cblr-14241	25	3	1	1	NUM
cblr-14241	25	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	25	5	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	25	6	discuss	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	25	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	25	8	background	background	NOUN
cblr-14241	25	9	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	25	10	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	25	11	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	25	12	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	25	13	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	25	14	framing	frame	VERB
cblr-14241	25	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	25	16	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	25	17	problem	problem	NOUN
cblr-14241	25	18	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	25	19	presents	present	VERB
cblr-14241	25	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	26	1	further	far	ADV
cblr-14241	26	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	26	3	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	26	4	discuss	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	26	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	26	6	current	current	ADJ
cblr-14241	26	7	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	26	8	split	split	NOUN
cblr-14241	26	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	26	10	as	as	ADV
cblr-14241	26	11	well	well	ADV
cblr-14241	26	12	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	26	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	26	14	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	26	15	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	26	16	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	26	17	divergent	divergent	ADJ
cblr-14241	26	18	circuits	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	26	19	cite	cite	VERB
cblr-14241	26	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	27	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	27	2	part	part	PROPN
cblr-14241	27	3	ii	ii	PROPN
cblr-14241	27	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	27	5	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	27	6	discuss	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	27	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	27	8	text	text	NOUN
cblr-14241	27	9	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	27	10	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	27	11	history	history	NOUN
cblr-14241	27	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	27	13	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	27	14	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	27	15	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	27	16	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	27	17	examine	examine	VERB
cblr-14241	27	18	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	27	19	arguments	argument	NOUN
cblr-14241	27	20	presented	present	VERB
cblr-14241	27	21	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	27	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	27	23	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	27	24	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	27	25	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	27	26	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	27	27	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	28	1	next	next	ADV
cblr-14241	28	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	28	3	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	28	4	argue	argue	VERB
cblr-14241	28	5	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	28	6	favor	favor	NOUN
cblr-14241	28	7	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	28	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	28	9	widespread	widespread	ADJ
cblr-14241	28	10	adoption	adoption	NOUN
cblr-14241	28	11	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	28	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	28	13	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	28	14	circuit	circuit	PROPN
cblr-14241	28	15	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	28	16	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	28	17	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	28	18	friendly	friendly	ADJ
cblr-14241	28	19	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	28	20	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	28	21	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	28	22	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	28	23	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	28	24	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	28	25	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	29	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	29	2	particular	particular	ADJ
cblr-14241	29	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	29	4	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	29	5	advocate	advocate	VERB
cblr-14241	29	6	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	29	7	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	29	8	role	role	NOUN
cblr-14241	29	9	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	29	10	advancing	advance	VERB
cblr-14241	29	11	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
cblr-14241	29	12	functions	function	NOUN
cblr-14241	29	13	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	29	14	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	29	15	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	29	16	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	29	17	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	30	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	30	2	part	part	NOUN
cblr-14241	30	3	iii	iii	NOUN
cblr-14241	30	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	30	5	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	30	6	discuss	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	30	7	possible	possible	ADJ
cblr-14241	30	8	tradeoffs	tradeoff	NOUN
cblr-14241	30	9	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	30	10	respect	respect	NOUN
cblr-14241	30	11	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	30	12	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	30	13	expansion	expansion	NOUN
cblr-14241	30	14	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	30	15	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	30	16	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	30	17	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	30	18	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	30	19	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	30	20	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	30	21	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	30	22	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	30	23	propose	propose	VERB
cblr-14241	30	24	establishing	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	30	25	clear	clear	ADJ
cblr-14241	30	26	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	30	27	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	30	28	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	30	29	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	30	30	tailoring	tailor	VERB
cblr-14241	30	31	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	30	32	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	30	33	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	30	34	promoting	promote	VERB
cblr-14241	30	35	cheap	cheap	ADJ
cblr-14241	30	36	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	30	37	effective	effective	ADJ
cblr-14241	30	38	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	30	39	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	30	40	possible	possible	ADJ
cblr-14241	30	41	solutions	solution	NOUN
cblr-14241	30	42	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	31	1	part	part	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	2	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	31	3	a.	a.	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	4	background	background	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	5	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	31	6	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	7	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	31	8	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	31	9	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	31	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	31	11	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	31	12	problem	problem	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	31	14	securities	securities	PROPN
cblr-14241	31	15	exchange	exchange	PROPN
cblr-14241	31	16	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	17	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	31	18	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	31	19	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	31	20	part	part	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	31	22	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	31	23	wave	wave	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	24	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	31	25	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	26	regulation	regulation	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	27	enacted	enact	VERB
cblr-14241	31	28	following	follow	VERB
cblr-14241	31	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	31	30	collapse	collapse	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	31	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	31	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	31	33	2	2	NUM
cblr-14241	31	34	see	see	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	35	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	31	36	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cblr-14241	31	37	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	31	38	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	31	39	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	31	40	first	first	PROPN
cblr-14241	31	41	jersey	jersey	PROPN
cblr-14241	31	42	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	31	43	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	31	44	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	31	45	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	31	46	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	31	47	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	31	48	101	101	NUM
cblr-14241	31	49	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	31	50	1450	1450	NUM
cblr-14241	31	51	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	31	52	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	31	53	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	31	54	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	31	55	1996	1996	NUM
cblr-14241	31	56	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	31	57	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	32	1	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	32	2	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	32	3	titan	titan	PROPN
cblr-14241	32	4	cap	cap	PROPN
cblr-14241	32	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	32	6	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	32	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	32	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	32	9	914	914	NUM
cblr-14241	32	10	f.2d	f.2d	NUM
cblr-14241	32	11	1564	1564	NUM
cblr-14241	32	12	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	32	13	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	32	14	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	32	15	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	32	16	1990	1990	NUM
cblr-14241	32	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	32	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	33	1	878	878	NUM
cblr-14241	33	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	33	3	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	33	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	33	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	1	[	[	X
cblr-14241	34	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	3	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	4	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	34	5	stock	stock	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	6	market	market	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	7	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	34	8	1929.3	1929.3	NUM
cblr-14241	34	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	10	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	11	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	34	13	1933	1933	NUM
cblr-14241	34	14	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	34	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	16	securities	securities	PROPN
cblr-14241	34	17	exchange	exchange	PROPN
cblr-14241	34	18	act	act	PROPN
cblr-14241	34	19	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	34	20	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	34	21	were	be	AUX
cblr-14241	34	22	enacted	enact	VERB
cblr-14241	34	23	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	34	24	part	part	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	25	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	34	26	restore	restore	VERB
cblr-14241	34	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	28	investing	invest	VERB
cblr-14241	34	29	public	public	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	30	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	34	31	confidence	confidence	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	32	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	34	33	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	34	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	35	market	market	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	36	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	34	37	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	38	wake	wake	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	39	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	34	40	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	41	crash	crash	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	42	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	34	43	as	as	ADV
cblr-14241	34	44	well	well	ADV
cblr-14241	34	45	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	34	46	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	34	47	hopes	hope	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	48	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	34	49	stimulating	stimulate	VERB
cblr-14241	34	50	economic	economic	ADJ
cblr-14241	34	51	activity	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	52	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	34	53	regulating	regulate	VERB
cblr-14241	34	54	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	55	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	56	market	market	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	57	going	go	VERB
cblr-14241	34	58	forward.4	forward.4	ADV
cblr-14241	34	59	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	34	60	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	61	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	62	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	63	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	34	64	1933	1933	NUM
cblr-14241	34	65	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	34	66	designed	design	VERB
cblr-14241	34	67	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	34	68	regulate	regulate	VERB
cblr-14241	34	69	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	70	issuance	issuance	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	71	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	34	72	new	new	ADJ
cblr-14241	34	73	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	74	—	—	PUNCT
cblr-14241	34	75	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	76	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	34	77	market	market	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	78	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	34	79	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	80	securities	securities	PROPN
cblr-14241	34	81	exchange	exchange	PROPN
cblr-14241	34	82	act	act	PROPN
cblr-14241	34	83	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	34	84	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	34	85	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	34	86	intended	intend	VERB
cblr-14241	34	87	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	34	88	regulate	regulate	VERB
cblr-14241	34	89	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	90	market	market	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	91	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	34	92	already	already	ADV
cblr-14241	34	93	issued	issue	VERB
cblr-14241	34	94	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	95	—	—	PUNCT
cblr-14241	34	96	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	97	secondary	secondary	ADJ
cblr-14241	34	98	market.5	market.5	PROPN
cblr-14241	34	99	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	100	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	34	101	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	34	102	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	34	103	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	104	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	34	105	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	106	allows	allow	VERB
cblr-14241	34	107	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	108	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	34	109	sue	sue	VERB
cblr-14241	34	110	parties	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	111	deemed	deem	VERB
cblr-14241	34	112	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	34	113	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	34	114	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	34	115	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	116	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	34	117	vicarious	vicarious	ADJ
cblr-14241	34	118	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	119	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	34	120	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	34	121	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	34	122	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	34	123	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	35	1	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	35	2	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	35	3	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	35	4	states	state	NOUN
cblr-14241	35	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	1	[	[	X
cblr-14241	36	2	e]very	e]very	ADP
cblr-14241	36	3	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	4	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	36	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	6	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	36	7	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	36	8	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	36	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	10	controls	control	VERB
cblr-14241	36	11	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	36	12	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	13	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	36	14	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	36	15	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	36	16	provision	provision	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	17	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	36	18	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	36	19	chapter	chapter	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	20	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	36	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	36	22	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	36	23	rule	rule	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	24	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	36	25	regulation	regulation	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	26	thereunder	thereunder	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	27	shall	shall	AUX
cblr-14241	36	28	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	36	29	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	36	30	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	36	31	jointly	jointly	ADV
cblr-14241	36	32	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	36	33	severally	severally	ADV
cblr-14241	36	34	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	36	35	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	36	36	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	36	37	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	36	38	same	same	ADJ
cblr-14241	36	39	extent	extent	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	40	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	36	41	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	36	42	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	36	43	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	44	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	36	45	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	36	46	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	47	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	36	48	whom	whom	PRON
cblr-14241	36	49	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	36	50	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	36	51	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	52	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	36	53	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	36	54	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	55	including	include	VERB
cblr-14241	36	56	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	36	57	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	36	58	commission	commission	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	59	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	36	60	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	36	61	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	62	brought	bring	VERB
cblr-14241	36	63	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	36	64	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	65	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	66	1	1	NUM
cblr-14241	36	67	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	68	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	36	69	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	70	3	3	X
cblr-14241	36	71	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	72	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	36	73	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	74	21(d	21(d	NUM
cblr-14241	36	75	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	76	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	77	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	78	unless	unless	SCONJ
cblr-14241	36	79	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	36	80	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	36	81	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	82	acted	act	VERB
cblr-14241	36	83	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	36	84	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	36	85	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	86	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	36	87	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	36	88	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	36	89	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	36	90	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	36	91	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	36	92	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	36	93	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	36	94	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	95	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	36	96	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	97	constituting	constitute	VERB
cblr-14241	36	98	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	36	99	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	100	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	36	101	cause	cause	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	102	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	36	103	action.6	action.6	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	104	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	36	105	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cblr-14241	36	106	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	107	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	36	108	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	109	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	36	110	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	111	presents	present	VERB
cblr-14241	36	112	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	36	113	ambiguities	ambiguity	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	114	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	115	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	36	116	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	117	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	36	118	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	36	119	significantly	significantly	ADV
cblr-14241	36	120	affect	affect	VERB
cblr-14241	36	121	how	how	SCONJ
cblr-14241	36	122	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	123	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	36	124	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	36	125	works	work	VERB
cblr-14241	36	126	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	36	127	practice	practice	NOUN
cblr-14241	36	128	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	37	1	3	3	NUM
cblr-14241	37	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	37	3	erin	erin	PROPN
cblr-14241	37	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	37	5	massey	massey	PROPN
cblr-14241	37	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	37	7	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	37	8	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	37	9	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	37	10	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	37	11	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	37	12	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	37	13	):	):	PUNCT
cblr-14241	37	14	striking	strike	VERB
cblr-14241	37	15	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	37	16	balance	balance	NOUN
cblr-14241	37	17	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	37	18	interests	interest	NOUN
cblr-14241	37	19	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	37	20	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	37	21	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	37	22	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	37	23	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	37	24	6	6	NUM
cblr-14241	37	25	hous	hous	ADJ
cblr-14241	37	26	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	38	1	bus	bus	NOUN
cblr-14241	38	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	38	3	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	38	4	tax	tax	PROPN
cblr-14241	38	5	l.j	l.j	PROPN
cblr-14241	38	6	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	38	7	109	109	NUM
cblr-14241	38	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	38	9	111	111	NUM
cblr-14241	38	10	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	38	11	2006	2006	NUM
cblr-14241	38	12	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	38	13	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	39	1	4	4	NUM
cblr-14241	39	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	39	3	elisabeth	elisabeth	PROPN
cblr-14241	39	4	keller	keller	PROPN
cblr-14241	39	5	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	39	6	gregory	gregory	PROPN
cblr-14241	39	7	a.	a.	PROPN
cblr-14241	39	8	gehlmann	gehlmann	PROPN
cblr-14241	39	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	39	10	introductory	introductory	ADJ
cblr-14241	39	11	comment	comment	NOUN
cblr-14241	39	12	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	39	13	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	39	14	historical	historical	ADJ
cblr-14241	39	15	introduction	introduction	NOUN
cblr-14241	39	16	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	39	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	39	18	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	39	19	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	39	20	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	39	21	1933	1933	NUM
cblr-14241	39	22	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	39	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	39	24	securities	securities	PROPN
cblr-14241	39	25	exchange	exchange	PROPN
cblr-14241	39	26	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	39	27	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	39	28	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	39	29	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	39	30	49	49	NUM
cblr-14241	39	31	ohio	ohio	PROPN
cblr-14241	39	32	st	st	PROPN
cblr-14241	39	33	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	39	34	l.j	l.j	PROPN
cblr-14241	39	35	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	39	36	329	329	NUM
cblr-14241	39	37	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	39	38	330	330	NUM
cblr-14241	39	39	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	39	40	1988	1988	NUM
cblr-14241	39	41	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	39	42	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	40	1	5	5	NUM
cblr-14241	40	2	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	40	3	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	40	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	40	5	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	40	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	40	7	general	general	ADJ
cblr-14241	40	8	purpose	purpose	NOUN
cblr-14241	40	9	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	40	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	40	11	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	40	12	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	40	13	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	40	14	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	40	15	regulate	regulate	VERB
cblr-14241	40	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	40	17	initial	initial	ADJ
cblr-14241	40	18	distribution	distribution	NOUN
cblr-14241	40	19	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	40	20	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	40	21	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	40	22	issuers	issuer	NOUN
cblr-14241	40	23	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	40	24	public	public	ADJ
cblr-14241	40	25	investors	investor	NOUN
cblr-14241	40	26	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	40	27	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	40	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	40	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	41	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	41	2	exchange	exchange	NOUN
cblr-14241	41	3	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	41	4	provides	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	41	5	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	41	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	41	7	regulation	regulation	NOUN
cblr-14241	41	8	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	41	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	41	10	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	41	11	exchange	exchange	NOUN
cblr-14241	41	12	markets	market	NOUN
cblr-14241	41	13	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	41	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	41	15	operations	operation	NOUN
cblr-14241	41	16	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	41	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	41	18	corporations	corporation	NOUN
cblr-14241	41	19	listed	list	VERB
cblr-14241	41	20	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	41	21	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	41	22	various	various	ADJ
cblr-14241	41	23	national	national	ADJ
cblr-14241	41	24	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	41	25	exchanges	exchange	NOUN
cblr-14241	41	26	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	41	27	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	41	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	42	1	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	42	2	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	43	1	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	43	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	44	1	6	6	NUM
cblr-14241	44	2	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	44	3	u.s.c	u.s.c	NOUN
cblr-14241	44	4	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	45	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	45	2	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	45	3	t.	t.	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	4	no	no	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	5	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	6	2	2	NUM
cblr-14241	45	7	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	45	8	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	45	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	45	10	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	11	879	879	NUM
cblr-14241	45	12	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	45	13	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	14	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	15	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	45	16	answer	answer	VERB
cblr-14241	45	17	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	45	18	how	how	SCONJ
cblr-14241	45	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	45	20	word	word	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	21	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	45	22	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	23	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	45	24	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	45	25	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	45	26	interpreted.7	interpreted.7	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	27	what	what	PRON
cblr-14241	45	28	kind	kind	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	29	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	45	30	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	31	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	45	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	45	33	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	34	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	45	35	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	45	36	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	45	37	alleged	alleged	ADJ
cblr-14241	45	38	perpetrator	perpetrator	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	39	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	45	40	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	45	41	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	45	42	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	43	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	45	44	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	45	45	considered	consider	VERB
cblr-14241	45	46	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	45	47	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	45	48	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	49	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	45	50	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	45	51	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	45	52	what	what	DET
cblr-14241	45	53	extent	extent	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	54	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	45	55	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	45	56	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	57	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	45	58	exercised	exercise	VERB
cblr-14241	45	59	that	that	DET
cblr-14241	45	60	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	45	61	?	?	PUNCT
cblr-14241	46	1	congress	congress	PROPN
cblr-14241	46	2	itself	itself	PRON
cblr-14241	46	3	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	46	4	provided	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	46	5	no	no	DET
cblr-14241	46	6	answer	answer	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	7	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	46	8	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	46	9	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	10	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	46	11	failing	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	46	12	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	46	13	define	define	VERB
cblr-14241	46	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	46	15	term.8	term.8	PROPN
cblr-14241	46	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	46	17	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	46	18	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	46	19	provided	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	46	20	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	46	21	guidance	guidance	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	22	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	46	23	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	46	24	issue	issue	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	25	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	46	26	defining	define	VERB
cblr-14241	46	27	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	28	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	46	29	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	46	30	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	46	31	possession	possession	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	32	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	46	33	direct	direct	ADJ
cblr-14241	46	34	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	46	35	indirect	indirect	ADJ
cblr-14241	46	36	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	46	37	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	46	38	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	46	39	power	power	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	40	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	46	41	direct	direct	VERB
cblr-14241	46	42	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	46	43	cause	cause	VERB
cblr-14241	46	44	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	46	45	direction	direction	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	46	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	46	47	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	46	48	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	49	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	46	50	policies	policy	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	51	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	46	52	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	46	53	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	54	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	46	55	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	46	56	through	through	ADP
cblr-14241	46	57	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	46	58	ownership	ownership	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	59	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	46	60	voting	vote	VERB
cblr-14241	46	61	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	62	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	46	63	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	46	64	contract	contract	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	65	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	46	66	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	46	67	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
cblr-14241	46	68	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	46	69	”9	”9	PUNCT
cblr-14241	46	70	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	46	71	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	46	72	even	even	ADV
cblr-14241	46	73	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	46	74	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	46	75	guidance	guidance	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	76	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	46	77	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	46	78	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	46	79	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	46	80	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	46	81	exact	exact	ADJ
cblr-14241	46	82	meaning	meaning	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	83	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	46	84	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	85	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	46	86	applied	apply	VERB
cblr-14241	46	87	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	46	88	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	89	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	46	90	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	46	91	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	46	92	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	46	93	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	46	94	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	46	95	ambiguous	ambiguous	ADJ
cblr-14241	46	96	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	47	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
cblr-14241	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	47	3	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	47	4	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	47	5	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	47	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	47	7	role	role	NOUN
cblr-14241	47	8	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	47	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	47	10	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	47	11	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	47	12	decide	decide	VERB
cblr-14241	47	13	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	47	14	which	which	DET
cblr-14241	47	15	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
cblr-14241	47	16	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	47	17	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	47	18	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	47	19	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	47	20	vicariously	vicariously	ADV
cblr-14241	47	21	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	47	22	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	47	23	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	47	24	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	47	25	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	47	26	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	47	27	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	47	28	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	47	29	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	47	30	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	48	1	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	48	2	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	48	3	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	48	4	vitally	vitally	ADV
cblr-14241	48	5	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	48	6	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	48	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	48	8	application	application	NOUN
cblr-14241	48	9	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	48	10	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	48	11	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	48	12	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	48	13	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	48	14	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	49	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	49	2	addition	addition	NOUN
cblr-14241	49	3	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	49	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	49	5	different	different	ADJ
cblr-14241	49	6	definitions	definition	NOUN
cblr-14241	49	7	imposed	impose	VERB
cblr-14241	49	8	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	49	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	49	10	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	49	11	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	49	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	49	13	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	49	14	are	be	VERB
cblr-14241	49	15	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	49	16	questions	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	49	17	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	49	18	feature	feature	VERB
cblr-14241	49	19	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	49	20	heavily	heavily	ADV
cblr-14241	49	21	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	49	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	49	23	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	49	24	split	split	NOUN
cblr-14241	49	25	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	50	1	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	50	2	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	50	3	significant	significant	ADJ
cblr-14241	50	4	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	50	5	contentious	contentious	ADJ
cblr-14241	50	6	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	50	7	left	leave	VERB
cblr-14241	50	8	open	open	ADJ
cblr-14241	50	9	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	50	10	congress	congress	PROPN
cblr-14241	50	11	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	50	12	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	50	13	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	50	14	intended	intend	VERB
cblr-14241	50	15	for	for	SCONJ
cblr-14241	50	16	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	50	17	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	50	18	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	50	19	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	50	20	scienter	scienter	NOUN
cblr-14241	50	21	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	50	22	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	50	23	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	50	24	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	50	25	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	50	26	part	part	NOUN
cblr-14241	50	27	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	50	28	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	50	29	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	50	30	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	50	31	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	50	32	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	51	1	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	51	2	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	51	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	51	4	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	51	5	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	51	6	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	51	7	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	51	8	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	51	9	active	active	ADJ
cblr-14241	51	10	participant	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	51	11	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	51	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	51	13	alleged	alleged	ADJ
cblr-14241	51	14	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	51	15	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	51	16	face	face	VERB
cblr-14241	51	17	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	51	18	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	51	19	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	51	20	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	51	21	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	51	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	51	23	?	?	PUNCT
cblr-14241	52	1	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	52	2	recklessness	recklessness	NOUN
cblr-14241	52	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	52	4	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	52	5	even	even	ADV
cblr-14241	52	6	mere	mere	ADJ
cblr-14241	52	7	negligence	negligence	NOUN
cblr-14241	52	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	52	9	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
cblr-14241	52	10	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	52	11	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	52	12	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	52	13	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	52	14	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	52	15	?	?	PUNCT
cblr-14241	53	1	like	like	ADP
cblr-14241	53	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	53	3	issue	issue	NOUN
cblr-14241	53	4	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	53	5	what	what	PRON
cblr-14241	53	6	constitutes	constitute	VERB
cblr-14241	53	7	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	53	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	53	9	these	these	DET
cblr-14241	53	10	questions	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	53	11	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	53	12	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	53	13	left	leave	VERB
cblr-14241	53	14	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	53	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	53	16	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	53	17	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	54	1	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	54	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	54	3	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	54	4	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	54	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	54	6	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	54	7	is	be	VERB
cblr-14241	54	8	widespread	widespread	ADJ
cblr-14241	54	9	agreement	agreement	NOUN
cblr-14241	54	10	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	54	11	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
cblr-14241	54	12	aspects	aspect	NOUN
cblr-14241	54	13	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	54	14	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	54	15	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	54	16	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	54	17	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	54	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	55	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	55	2	first	first	ADJ
cblr-14241	55	3	7	7	NUM
cblr-14241	55	4	see	see	NOUN
cblr-14241	55	5	youngers	younger	NOUN
cblr-14241	55	6	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	55	7	virtus	virtus	PROPN
cblr-14241	55	8	investment	investment	PROPN
cblr-14241	55	9	partners	partners	PROPN
cblr-14241	55	10	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	55	11	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	55	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	55	13	195	195	NUM
cblr-14241	55	14	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	55	15	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	55	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	56	1	3d	3d	NUM
cblr-14241	56	2	499	499	NUM
cblr-14241	56	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	56	4	524	524	NUM
cblr-14241	56	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	56	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	56	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	56	8	2016	2016	NUM
cblr-14241	56	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	56	10	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	1	8	8	NUM
cblr-14241	57	2	massey	massey	NOUN
cblr-14241	57	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cblr-14241	57	5	note	note	NOUN
cblr-14241	57	6	3	3	NUM
cblr-14241	57	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	8	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	57	9	112	112	NUM
cblr-14241	57	10	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	11	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	57	12	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	57	13	brian	brian	PROPN
cblr-14241	57	14	a.	a.	PROPN
cblr-14241	57	15	melhus	melhus	PROPN
cblr-14241	57	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	17	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	57	18	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	57	19	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	57	20	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	21	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	57	22	repudiation	repudiation	NOUN
cblr-14241	57	23	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	57	24	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	57	25	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	57	26	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	27	37	37	NUM
cblr-14241	57	28	iowa	iowa	PROPN
cblr-14241	57	29	j.	j.	PROPN
cblr-14241	57	30	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	57	31	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	57	32	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	57	33	929	929	NUM
cblr-14241	57	34	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	35	939	939	NUM
cblr-14241	57	36	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	37	2012	2012	NUM
cblr-14241	57	38	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	39	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	40	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	41	congress	congress	PROPN
cblr-14241	57	42	recognized	recognize	VERB
cblr-14241	57	43	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	57	44	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	57	45	complexity	complexity	NOUN
cblr-14241	57	46	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	57	47	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	57	48	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	57	49	market	market	NOUN
cblr-14241	57	50	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	57	51	make	make	VERB
cblr-14241	57	52	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	53	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	57	54	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	55	difficult	difficult	ADJ
cblr-14241	57	56	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	57	57	define	define	VERB
cblr-14241	57	58	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	59	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	57	60	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	58	1	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	58	2	citing	cite	VERB
cblr-14241	58	3	h.r	h.r	PROPN
cblr-14241	58	4	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	58	5	rep	rep	PROPN
cblr-14241	58	6	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	58	7	no	no	PROPN
cblr-14241	58	8	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	58	9	731383	731383	NUM
cblr-14241	58	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	58	11	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	58	12	26	26	NUM
cblr-14241	58	13	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	58	14	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	58	15	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	58	16	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	58	17	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	59	1	9	9	NUM
cblr-14241	59	2	17	17	NUM
cblr-14241	59	3	c.f.r	c.f.r	NOUN
cblr-14241	59	4	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	60	2	230.405	230.405	NUM
cblr-14241	60	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	4	880	880	NUM
cblr-14241	60	5	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	60	6	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	7	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	60	8	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	9	[	[	X
cblr-14241	60	10	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	11	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	12	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	60	13	point	point	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	14	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	60	15	agreement	agreement	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	16	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	60	17	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	60	18	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	60	19	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	60	20	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	60	21	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	60	22	breach	breach	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	23	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	60	24	federal	federal	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	25	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	26	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	27	before	before	SCONJ
cblr-14241	60	28	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	29	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	30	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	31	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	60	32	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	60	33	considered.10	considered.10	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	34	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	35	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	60	36	rejected	reject	VERB
cblr-14241	60	37	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	38	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	60	39	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	40	claims	claim	VERB
cblr-14241	60	41	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	60	42	lack	lack	VERB
cblr-14241	60	43	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	60	44	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	45	allegation	allegation	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	46	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	60	47	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	60	48	predicate	predicate	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	49	breach	breach	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	50	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	60	51	relevant	relevant	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	52	federal	federal	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	53	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	54	laws.11	laws.11	PROPN
cblr-14241	60	55	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	56	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	57	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	60	58	individual	individual	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	59	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	60	60	entity	entity	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	61	being	be	AUX
cblr-14241	60	62	sued	sue	VERB
cblr-14241	60	63	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	60	64	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	65	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	60	66	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	67	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	60	68	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	60	69	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	60	70	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	60	71	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	72	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	73	having	have	VERB
cblr-14241	60	74	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	60	75	degree	degree	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	76	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	60	77	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	78	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	60	79	authority	authority	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	80	over	over	ADP
cblr-14241	60	81	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	60	82	violator.12	violator.12	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	83	finally	finally	ADV
cblr-14241	60	84	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	85	multiple	multiple	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	86	circuits	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	87	agree	agree	VERB
cblr-14241	60	88	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	60	89	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	60	90	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	60	91	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	92	has	have	VERB
cblr-14241	60	93	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	60	94	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	95	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	60	96	establish	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	60	97	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	60	98	affirmative	affirmative	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	99	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	100	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	60	101	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	102	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	103	based	base	VERB
cblr-14241	60	104	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	60	105	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	60	106	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	107	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	108	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	60	109	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	110	20(a).13	20(a).13	NUM
cblr-14241	60	111	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	60	112	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	113	despite	despite	SCONJ
cblr-14241	60	114	these	these	DET
cblr-14241	60	115	basic	basic	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	116	agreements	agreement	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	117	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	118	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	60	119	is	be	VERB
cblr-14241	60	120	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	60	121	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	122	split	split	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	123	regarding	regard	VERB
cblr-14241	60	124	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	60	125	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	60	126	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	127	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	60	128	make	make	VERB
cblr-14241	60	129	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	60	130	additional	additional	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	131	showing	showing	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	132	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	133	after	after	ADP
cblr-14241	60	134	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	60	135	successful	successful	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	136	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	137	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	138	allegation	allegation	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	139	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	140	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	60	141	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	60	142	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	143	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	60	144	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	60	145	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	146	participant	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	147	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	60	148	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	60	149	alleged	alleged	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	150	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	151	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	60	152	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	60	153	federal	federal	ADJ
cblr-14241	60	154	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	155	laws.14	laws.14	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	156	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	60	157	circuits	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	158	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	60	159	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	60	160	adopted	adopt	VERB
cblr-14241	60	161	10	10	NUM
cblr-14241	60	162	see	see	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	163	golla	golla	PROPN
cblr-14241	60	164	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	60	165	neovasc	neovasc	PROPN
cblr-14241	60	166	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	167	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	60	168	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	60	169	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	170	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	60	171	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	172	22	22	NUM
cblr-14241	60	173	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	174	361	361	NUM
cblr-14241	60	175	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	176	cv	cv	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	177	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	178	2023	2023	NUM
cblr-14241	60	179	wl	wl	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	180	2469770	2469770	NUM
cblr-14241	60	181	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	182	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	60	183	*	*	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	184	3	3	NUM
cblr-14241	60	185	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	60	186	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	60	187	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	60	188	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	61	1	mar	mar	PROPN
cblr-14241	61	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	61	3	13	13	NUM
cblr-14241	61	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	61	5	2023	2023	NUM
cblr-14241	61	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	61	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	61	8	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	61	9	rombach	rombach	NOUN
cblr-14241	61	10	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	61	11	chang	chang	PROPN
cblr-14241	61	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	61	13	355	355	NUM
cblr-14241	61	14	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	61	15	164	164	NUM
cblr-14241	61	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	61	17	177	177	NUM
cblr-14241	61	18	-	-	SYM
cblr-14241	61	19	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	61	20	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	61	21	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	61	22	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	61	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	61	24	2004	2004	NUM
cblr-14241	61	25	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	61	26	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	1	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	2	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	3	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	62	4	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	62	5	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	62	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	7	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	62	8	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	62	9	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	62	10	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	11	predicated	predicate	VERB
cblr-14241	62	12	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	62	13	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	62	14	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	62	15	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	62	16	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	62	17	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	62	18	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	62	19	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	20	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	21	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	23	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	24	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	62	25	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	62	26	howard	howard	PROPN
cblr-14241	62	27	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	62	28	everex	everex	PROPN
cblr-14241	62	29	sys	sys	PROPN
cblr-14241	62	30	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	62	31	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	32	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	62	33	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	62	34	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	35	228	228	NUM
cblr-14241	62	36	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	62	37	1057	1057	NUM
cblr-14241	62	38	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	39	1065	1065	NUM
cblr-14241	62	40	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	41	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	62	42	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	62	43	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	62	44	2000	2000	NUM
cblr-14241	62	45	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	46	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	47	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	48	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	62	49	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	62	50	prove	prove	VERB
cblr-14241	62	51	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	52	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	53	1	1	X
cblr-14241	62	54	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	55	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	62	56	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	62	57	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	62	58	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	62	59	federal	federal	ADJ
cblr-14241	62	60	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	62	61	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	62	62	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	63	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	64	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	65	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	66	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	67	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	62	68	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	1	11	11	NUM
cblr-14241	63	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	63	3	golla	golla	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	5	wl2469770	wl2469770	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	7	at*3	at*3	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	8	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	9	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	63	11	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	12	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	13	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	63	14	properly	properly	ADV
cblr-14241	63	15	dismissed	dismiss	VERB
cblr-14241	63	16	golla	golla	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	17	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	63	18	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	19	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	63	20	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	21	claim	claim	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	22	because	because	SCONJ
cblr-14241	63	23	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	63	24	requires	require	VERB
cblr-14241	63	25	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	63	26	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	63	27	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	28	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	63	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	63	30	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	31	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	32	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	33	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	63	34	golla	golla	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	35	failed	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	63	36	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	63	37	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	63	38	allege	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	63	39	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	40	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	41	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	42	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	43	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	63	44	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	63	45	weston	weston	PROPN
cblr-14241	63	46	family	family	PROPN
cblr-14241	63	47	p'ship	p'ship	PROPN
cblr-14241	63	48	lllp	lllp	X
cblr-14241	63	49	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	63	50	twitter	twitter	PROPN
cblr-14241	63	51	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	52	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	63	53	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	63	54	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	55	29	29	NUM
cblr-14241	63	56	f.4th	f.4th	PROPN
cblr-14241	63	57	611	611	NUM
cblr-14241	63	58	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	59	623	623	NUM
cblr-14241	63	60	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	61	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	63	62	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	63	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	64	2022	2022	NUM
cblr-14241	63	65	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	66	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	67	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	68	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	69	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	63	70	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	63	71	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	63	72	plead	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	63	73	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	63	74	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	63	75	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	76	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	63	77	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	78	10(b	10(b	NUM
cblr-14241	63	79	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	63	80	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	63	81	rule	rule	VERB
cblr-14241	63	82	10b-5	10b-5	NUM
cblr-14241	63	83	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	63	84	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	63	85	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	63	86	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	64	1	thus	thus	ADV
cblr-14241	64	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	64	3	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	64	4	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	64	5	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	64	6	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	64	7	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	64	8	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	64	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	64	10	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	64	11	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	64	12	survive	survive	VERB
cblr-14241	64	13	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	64	14	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	64	15	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	64	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	65	1	12	12	NUM
cblr-14241	65	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	65	3	howard	howard	PROPN
cblr-14241	65	4	228	228	NUM
cblr-14241	65	5	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	65	6	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	65	7	1065	1065	NUM
cblr-14241	65	8	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	65	9	stating	state	VERB
cblr-14241	65	10	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	65	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	65	12	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	65	13	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	65	14	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	65	15	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	65	16	exercised	exercise	VERB
cblr-14241	65	17	actual	actual	ADJ
cblr-14241	65	18	power	power	NOUN
cblr-14241	65	19	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	65	20	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	65	21	over	over	ADP
cblr-14241	65	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	65	23	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	65	24	violator	violator	NOUN
cblr-14241	65	25	[	[	X
cblr-14241	65	26	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	65	27	]	]	X
cblr-14241	65	28	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	65	29	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	65	30	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	65	31	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	65	32	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	65	33	atsi	atsi	PROPN
cblr-14241	65	34	commc'ns	commc'ns	PROPN
cblr-14241	65	35	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	65	36	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	65	37	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	66	1	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	66	2	shaar	shaar	PROPN
cblr-14241	66	3	fund	fund	PROPN
cblr-14241	66	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	5	ltd	ltd	PROPN
cblr-14241	66	6	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	66	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	8	493	493	NUM
cblr-14241	66	9	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	66	10	87	87	NUM
cblr-14241	66	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	12	108	108	NUM
cblr-14241	66	13	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	14	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	66	15	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	66	16	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	66	17	2007	2007	NUM
cblr-14241	66	18	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	19	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	20	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	21	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	66	22	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	66	23	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	66	24	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	66	25	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	26	1	1	X
cblr-14241	66	27	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	28	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	66	29	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	66	30	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	66	31	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	66	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	66	33	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	66	34	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	66	35	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	36	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	37	2	2	X
cblr-14241	66	38	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	39	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	66	40	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	66	41	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	66	42	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	66	43	violator	violator	NOUN
cblr-14241	66	44	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	66	45	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	66	46	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	66	47	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	48	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	49	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	50	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	51	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	52	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	66	53	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	67	1	13	13	NUM
cblr-14241	67	2	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	67	3	u.s.c	u.s.c	NOUN
cblr-14241	67	4	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	68	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	68	2	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	68	3	t	t	NOUN
cblr-14241	68	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	68	5	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	68	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	68	7	u]nless	u]nless	NOUN
cblr-14241	68	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	68	9	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	68	10	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	68	11	acted	act	VERB
cblr-14241	68	12	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	68	13	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	68	14	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	68	15	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	68	16	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	68	17	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	68	18	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	68	19	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	68	20	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	68	21	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	68	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	68	23	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	68	24	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	68	25	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	68	26	constituting	constitute	VERB
cblr-14241	68	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	68	28	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	68	29	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	68	30	cause	cause	NOUN
cblr-14241	68	31	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	68	32	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	68	33	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	68	34	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	68	35	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	68	36	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	68	37	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	68	38	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	68	39	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	68	40	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	68	41	lek	lek	PROPN
cblr-14241	68	42	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	68	43	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	68	44	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	68	45	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	68	46	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	68	47	2019	2019	NUM
cblr-14241	68	48	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cblr-14241	68	49	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	68	50	dist	dist	PROPN
cblr-14241	68	51	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	69	1	lexis	lexis	NOUN
cblr-14241	69	2	192042	192042	NUM
cblr-14241	69	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	69	4	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	69	5	*	*	NOUN
cblr-14241	69	6	4	4	NUM
cblr-14241	69	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	69	8	referencing	reference	VERB
cblr-14241	69	9	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	69	10	u.s.c	u.s.c	ADJ
cblr-14241	69	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	70	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	70	2	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	70	3	t	t	NOUN
cblr-14241	70	4	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	70	5	discussing	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	70	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	70	7	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	70	8	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	70	9	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	70	10	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	70	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	71	1	14	14	NUM
cblr-14241	71	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	71	3	pravin	pravin	PROPN
cblr-14241	71	4	rao	rao	PROPN
cblr-14241	71	5	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	71	6	gabriel	gabriel	PROPN
cblr-14241	71	7	tong	tong	PROPN
cblr-14241	71	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	71	9	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	71	10	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	71	11	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	71	12	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	71	13	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	71	14	split	split	VERB
cblr-14241	71	15	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
cblr-14241	71	16	relevant	relevant	ADJ
cblr-14241	71	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	71	18	n.y.l.j	n.y.l.j	PROPN
cblr-14241	71	19	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	71	20	109	109	NUM
cblr-14241	71	21	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	71	22	jun	jun	PROPN
cblr-14241	71	23	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	71	24	26	26	NUM
cblr-14241	71	25	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	71	26	2023	2023	NUM
cblr-14241	71	27	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	71	28	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	71	29	https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2023/06/26/controlling-personliability-circuit-split-increasingly-relevant/	https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2023/06/26/controlling-personliability-circuit-split-increasingly-relevant/	X
cblr-14241	72	1	[	[	X
cblr-14241	73	1	https://perma.cc/hj9g-kkce	https://perma.cc/hj9g-kkce	X
cblr-14241	73	2	]	]	X
cblr-14241	73	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	74	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	74	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	75	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	75	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	75	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	75	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	6	881	881	NUM
cblr-14241	75	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	75	8	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	75	9	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	10	element	element	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	11	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	75	12	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	13	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	75	14	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	75	15	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	75	17	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	75	18	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	19	determination	determination	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	20	against	against	ADP
cblr-14241	75	21	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	75	22	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	75	23	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	24	will	will	AUX
cblr-14241	75	25	hinge	hinge	VERB
cblr-14241	75	26	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	75	27	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	75	28	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	75	29	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	30	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	75	31	make	make	VERB
cblr-14241	75	32	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	75	33	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
cblr-14241	75	34	showing	showing	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	35	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	75	36	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	75	37	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	75	38	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	39	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	75	40	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	75	41	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	75	42	participant	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	43	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	75	44	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	75	45	alleged	alleged	ADJ
cblr-14241	75	46	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN
cblr-14241	75	47	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	76	2	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	76	3	note	note	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	5	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	76	6	focus	focus	VERB
cblr-14241	76	7	primarily	primarily	ADV
cblr-14241	76	8	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	76	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	10	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	11	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	76	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	13	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	14	circuits	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	16	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	76	17	these	these	DET
cblr-14241	76	18	two	two	NUM
cblr-14241	76	19	circuits	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	20	together	together	ADV
cblr-14241	76	21	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	76	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	23	most	most	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	24	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	25	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	26	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	76	27	represent	represent	VERB
cblr-14241	76	28	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	29	two	two	NUM
cblr-14241	76	30	approaches	approach	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	31	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	76	32	define	define	VERB
cblr-14241	76	33	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	76	34	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	35	split.15	split.15	VERB
cblr-14241	76	36	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	37	choice	choice	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	38	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	76	39	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	76	40	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	41	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	76	42	sue	sue	VERB
cblr-14241	76	43	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	76	44	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	45	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	46	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	76	47	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	48	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	49	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	76	50	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	76	51	decision	decision	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	52	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	76	53	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	54	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	76	55	produce	produce	VERB
cblr-14241	76	56	drastically	drastically	ADV
cblr-14241	76	57	different	different	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	58	results	result	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	59	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	60	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	76	61	respect	respect	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	62	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	76	63	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	64	outcome	outcome	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	65	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	76	66	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	67	litigation.16	litigation.16	PROPN
cblr-14241	76	68	i.	i.	PROPN
cblr-14241	76	69	second	second	PROPN
cblr-14241	76	70	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	71	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	72	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	73	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	74	falls	fall	VERB
cblr-14241	76	75	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	76	76	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	76	77	end	end	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	78	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	76	79	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	80	spectrum	spectrum	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	81	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	76	82	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	76	83	considered	consider	VERB
cblr-14241	76	84	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	76	85	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	76	86	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	87	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	88	friendly	friendly	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	89	jurisdiction.17	jurisdiction.17	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	90	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	76	91	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	92	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	93	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	94	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	95	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	76	96	order	order	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	97	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	76	98	establish	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	76	99	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	76	100	prima	prima	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	101	facie	facie	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	102	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	103	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	76	104	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	105	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	76	106	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	107	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	108	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	109	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	76	110	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	111	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	76	112	make	make	VERB
cblr-14241	76	113	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	76	114	showing	showing	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	115	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	76	116	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	76	117	was	be	VERB
cblr-14241	76	118	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	119	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	120	1	1	X
cblr-14241	76	121	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	122	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	76	123	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	124	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	125	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	76	126	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	127	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	76	128	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	129	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	130	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	131	2	2	X
cblr-14241	76	132	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	133	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	134	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	76	135	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	136	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	137	violator	violator	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	138	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	76	139	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	140	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	141	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	142	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	76	143	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	144	3	3	X
cblr-14241	76	145	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	146	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	76	147	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	148	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	149	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	76	150	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	151	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	76	152	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	76	153	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	154	sense	sense	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	155	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	76	156	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	76	157	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	76	158	participant	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	159	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	76	160	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	76	161	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	76	162	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	163	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	76	164	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	76	165	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	77	1	”18	”18	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	77	3	first	first	ADJ
cblr-14241	77	4	prong	prong	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	5	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	77	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	77	7	test	test	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	8	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	77	9	rather	rather	ADV
cblr-14241	77	10	straightforward	straightforward	ADJ
cblr-14241	77	11	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	77	12	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	77	13	no	no	DET
cblr-14241	77	14	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	15	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	77	16	federal	federal	ADJ
cblr-14241	77	17	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	18	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	19	took	take	VERB
cblr-14241	77	20	place	place	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	21	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	77	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	77	23	claim	claim	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	24	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	77	25	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	77	26	dismissed	dismiss	VERB
cblr-14241	77	27	because	because	SCONJ
cblr-14241	77	28	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	77	29	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	77	30	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	77	31	no	no	DET
cblr-14241	77	32	cause	cause	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	33	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	77	34	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	35	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	77	36	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	37	20(a).19	20(a).19	NUM
cblr-14241	77	38	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	77	39	remaining	remain	VERB
cblr-14241	77	40	two	two	NUM
cblr-14241	77	41	prongs	prong	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	42	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	77	43	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	77	44	test	test	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	45	deserve	deserve	VERB
cblr-14241	77	46	significantly	significantly	ADV
cblr-14241	77	47	more	more	ADJ
cblr-14241	77	48	attention	attention	NOUN
cblr-14241	77	49	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	78	1	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	78	2	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	78	3	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	78	4	worth	worth	ADJ
cblr-14241	78	5	noting	note	VERB
cblr-14241	78	6	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	78	7	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	78	8	substantial	substantial	ADJ
cblr-14241	78	9	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	78	10	see	see	NOUN
cblr-14241	78	11	janeen	janeen	PROPN
cblr-14241	78	12	mcintosh	mcintosh	PROPN
cblr-14241	78	13	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	78	14	svetlana	svetlana	PROPN
cblr-14241	78	15	starykh	starykh	PROPN
cblr-14241	78	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	78	17	recent	recent	ADJ
cblr-14241	78	18	trends	trend	NOUN
cblr-14241	78	19	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	78	20	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	78	21	class	class	NOUN
cblr-14241	78	22	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	78	23	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	78	24	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	78	25	2021	2021	NUM
cblr-14241	78	26	full	full	ADJ
cblr-14241	78	27	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	78	28	year	year	NOUN
cblr-14241	78	29	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	78	30	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	78	31	nera	nera	NOUN
cblr-14241	78	32	economics	economic	NOUN
cblr-14241	78	33	consulting	consulting	NOUN
cblr-14241	78	34	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	78	35	jan	jan	PROPN
cblr-14241	78	36	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	78	37	25	25	NUM
cblr-14241	78	38	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	78	39	2022	2022	NUM
cblr-14241	78	40	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	78	41	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	78	42	https://www.nera.com/content/dam/nera/publications/2022/pub_2021_full	https://www.nera.com/content/dam/nera/publications/2022/pub_2021_full	NOUN
cblr-14241	78	43	-year_trends_012022.pdf	-year_trends_012022.pdf	X
cblr-14241	78	44	[	[	X
cblr-14241	78	45	https://perma.cc/u73v-dqke	https://perma.cc/u73v-dqke	PROPN
cblr-14241	78	46	]	]	X
cblr-14241	78	47	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	79	1	16	16	NUM
cblr-14241	79	2	rao	rao	PROPN
cblr-14241	79	3	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	79	4	tong	tong	PROPN
cblr-14241	79	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	79	6	supra	supra	PROPN
cblr-14241	79	7	note	note	PROPN
cblr-14241	79	8	14	14	NUM
cblr-14241	79	9	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	80	1	17	17	NUM
cblr-14241	80	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	80	3	i	i	PROPN
cblr-14241	80	4	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	80	5	18	18	NUM
cblr-14241	80	6	atsi	atsi	PROPN
cblr-14241	80	7	commc'ns	commc'ns	PROPN
cblr-14241	80	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	80	9	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	80	10	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	81	1	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	81	2	shaar	shaar	PROPN
cblr-14241	81	3	fund	fund	PROPN
cblr-14241	81	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	81	5	ltd	ltd	PROPN
cblr-14241	81	6	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	81	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	81	8	493	493	NUM
cblr-14241	81	9	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	81	10	87	87	NUM
cblr-14241	81	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	81	12	108	108	NUM
cblr-14241	81	13	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	81	14	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	81	15	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	81	16	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	81	17	2007	2007	NUM
cblr-14241	81	18	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	82	1	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	82	2	citing	cite	VERB
cblr-14241	82	3	s.e.c	s.e.c	NOUN
cblr-14241	82	4	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	83	1	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	83	2	first	first	PROPN
cblr-14241	83	3	jersey	jersey	PROPN
cblr-14241	83	4	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	83	5	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	83	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	83	7	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	83	8	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	83	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	83	10	101	101	NUM
cblr-14241	83	11	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	83	12	1450	1450	NUM
cblr-14241	83	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	83	14	1472	1472	NUM
cblr-14241	83	15	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	83	16	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	83	17	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	83	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	83	19	1996	1996	NUM
cblr-14241	83	20	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	83	21	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	83	22	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	84	1	19	19	NUM
cblr-14241	84	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	84	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	84	4	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cblr-14241	84	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	84	6	golla	golla	PROPN
cblr-14241	84	7	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	84	8	neovasc	neovasc	PROPN
cblr-14241	84	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	84	10	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	84	11	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	84	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	84	13	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	84	14	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	85	1	22	22	NUM
cblr-14241	85	2	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	85	3	361	361	NUM
cblr-14241	85	4	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	85	5	cv	cv	NOUN
cblr-14241	85	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	85	7	2023	2023	NUM
cblr-14241	85	8	wl	wl	NOUN
cblr-14241	85	9	2469770	2469770	NUM
cblr-14241	85	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	85	11	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	85	12	*	*	NOUN
cblr-14241	85	13	3	3	NUM
cblr-14241	85	14	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	85	15	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	85	16	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	85	17	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	86	1	mar	mar	PROPN
cblr-14241	86	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	86	3	13	13	NUM
cblr-14241	86	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	86	5	2023	2023	NUM
cblr-14241	86	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	86	7	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	87	1	882	882	NUM
cblr-14241	87	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	87	3	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	87	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	87	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	88	1	[	[	X
cblr-14241	88	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	88	3	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	88	4	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	88	5	portion	portion	NOUN
cblr-14241	88	6	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	88	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	88	8	relevant	relevant	ADJ
cblr-14241	88	9	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	88	10	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	88	11	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	88	12	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	88	13	area	area	NOUN
cblr-14241	88	14	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	88	15	developed	develop	VERB
cblr-14241	88	16	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	88	17	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	88	18	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	88	19	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	88	20	especially	especially	ADV
cblr-14241	88	21	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	88	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	88	23	southern	southern	ADJ
cblr-14241	88	24	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	88	25	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	88	26	new	new	PROPN
cblr-14241	88	27	york	york	PROPN
cblr-14241	88	28	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	88	29	rather	rather	ADV
cblr-14241	88	30	than	than	ADP
cblr-14241	88	31	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	88	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	88	33	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	88	34	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	88	35	itself	itself	PRON
cblr-14241	88	36	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	89	1	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	89	2	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	89	3	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	89	4	once	once	SCONJ
cblr-14241	89	5	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	89	6	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	89	7	established	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	89	8	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	89	9	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	89	10	applicable	applicable	ADJ
cblr-14241	89	11	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	89	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	89	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	89	14	federal	federal	ADJ
cblr-14241	89	15	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	89	16	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	89	17	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	89	18	properly	properly	ADV
cblr-14241	89	19	alleged	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	89	20	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	89	21	then	then	ADV
cblr-14241	89	22	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	89	23	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	89	24	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	89	25	shown	show	VERB
cblr-14241	89	26	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	89	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	89	28	violator	violator	NOUN
cblr-14241	89	29	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	89	30	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	89	31	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	89	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	89	33	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	89	34	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	89	35	thus	thus	ADV
cblr-14241	89	36	making	make	VERB
cblr-14241	89	37	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	89	38	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	89	39	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	89	40	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	89	41	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	89	42	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	1	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	2	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	90	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	90	4	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	90	5	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	6	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	90	7	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	90	8	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	90	9	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	10	[	[	X
cblr-14241	90	11	a]ctual	a]ctual	ADJ
cblr-14241	90	12	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	13	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	90	14	essential	essential	ADJ
cblr-14241	90	15	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	90	16	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	90	17	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	18	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	19	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	20	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	90	21	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	90	22	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	23	exercise	exercise	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	24	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	90	25	influence	influence	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	26	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	27	without	without	ADP
cblr-14241	90	28	power	power	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	29	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	90	30	direct	direct	VERB
cblr-14241	90	31	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	90	32	cause	cause	VERB
cblr-14241	90	33	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	90	34	direction	direction	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	35	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	90	36	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	37	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	90	38	policies	policy	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	39	through	through	ADP
cblr-14241	90	40	ownership	ownership	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	41	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	90	42	voting	vote	VERB
cblr-14241	90	43	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	44	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	45	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	90	46	contract	contract	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	47	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	48	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	90	49	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	90	50	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	90	51	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	90	52	direct	direct	ADJ
cblr-14241	90	53	way	way	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	54	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	55	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	90	56	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	90	57	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
cblr-14241	90	58	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	90	59	establish	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	90	60	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	61	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	90	62	purposes	purpose	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	63	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	90	64	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	65	20(a).”20	20(a).”20	NUM
cblr-14241	90	66	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	90	67	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	90	68	recent	recent	ADJ
cblr-14241	90	69	southern	southern	ADJ
cblr-14241	90	70	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	71	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	90	72	new	new	PROPN
cblr-14241	90	73	york	york	PROPN
cblr-14241	90	74	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	75	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	76	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	90	77	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	78	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	90	79	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	90	80	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	90	81	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	82	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	90	83	pled	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	90	84	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	85	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	86	status	status	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	87	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	90	88	alleging	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	90	89	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	90	90	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	90	91	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	92	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	90	93	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	94	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	95	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	90	96	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	90	97	cfo	cfo	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	98	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	90	99	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	90	100	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	101	during	during	ADP
cblr-14241	90	102	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	90	103	class	class	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	104	period	period	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	105	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	90	106	signed	sign	VERB
cblr-14241	90	107	several	several	ADJ
cblr-14241	90	108	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	90	109	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	90	110	relevant	relevant	ADJ
cblr-14241	90	111	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	90	112	filings.21	filings.21	PROPN
cblr-14241	90	113	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	90	114	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	90	115	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	116	noted	note	VERB
cblr-14241	90	117	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	90	118	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	119	[	[	X
cblr-14241	90	120	b]oilerplate	b]oilerplate	ADP
cblr-14241	90	121	allegations	allegation	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	122	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	90	123	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	90	124	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	125	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	90	126	another	another	PRON
cblr-14241	90	127	based	base	VERB
cblr-14241	90	128	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	90	129	officer	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	130	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	90	131	director	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	132	status	status	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	133	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	90	134	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
cblr-14241	90	135	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	136	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	137	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	90	138	concluded	conclude	VERB
cblr-14241	90	139	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	90	140	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	90	141	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	142	usually	usually	ADV
cblr-14241	90	143	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	90	144	presumed	presume	VERB
cblr-14241	90	145	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	90	146	possess	possess	VERB
cblr-14241	90	147	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	90	148	ability	ability	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	149	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	90	150	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	90	151	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	90	152	actions	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	90	153	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	90	154	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	90	155	employees	employee	NOUN
cblr-14241	91	1	[	[	X
cblr-14241	91	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	91	3	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	91	4	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	91	5	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	91	6	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	91	7	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	91	8	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	91	9	sign	sign	VERB
cblr-14241	91	10	registration	registration	NOUN
cblr-14241	91	11	statements	statement	NOUN
cblr-14241	91	12	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	91	13	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	91	14	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	91	15	filings	filing	NOUN
cblr-14241	91	16	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	91	17	presumed	presume	VERB
cblr-14241	91	18	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	91	19	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	91	20	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	91	21	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	91	22	draft	draft	VERB
cblr-14241	91	23	those	those	DET
cblr-14241	91	24	documents	document	NOUN
cblr-14241	91	25	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	92	1	”22	”22	PROPN
cblr-14241	92	2	additionally	additionally	ADV
cblr-14241	92	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	92	4	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	92	5	[	[	X
cblr-14241	92	6	s]ubstantial	s]ubstantial	ADJ
cblr-14241	92	7	influence	influence	NOUN
cblr-14241	92	8	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	92	9	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	92	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	92	11	same	same	ADJ
cblr-14241	92	12	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	92	13	actual	actual	ADJ
cblr-14241	92	14	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	92	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	92	16	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	92	17	"	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	92	18	[	[	X
cblr-14241	92	19	a]ctual	a]ctual	ADJ
cblr-14241	92	20	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	92	21	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	92	22	essential	essential	ADJ
cblr-14241	92	23	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	92	24	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	92	25	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	92	26	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	92	27	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	93	1	”23	”23	ADV
cblr-14241	93	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	93	3	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	93	4	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	93	5	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	93	6	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	93	7	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	93	8	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	93	9	adheres	adhere	VERB
cblr-14241	93	10	largely	largely	ADV
cblr-14241	93	11	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	93	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	93	13	definition	definition	NOUN
cblr-14241	93	14	provided	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	93	15	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	93	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	93	17	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	93	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	93	19	requiring	require	VERB
cblr-14241	93	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	93	21	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	93	22	power	power	NOUN
cblr-14241	93	23	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	93	24	direct	direct	VERB
cblr-14241	93	25	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	93	26	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	93	27	activities	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	93	28	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	93	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	93	30	20	20	NUM
cblr-14241	93	31	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	93	32	re	re	NOUN
cblr-14241	93	33	livent	livent	PROPN
cblr-14241	93	34	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	93	35	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	93	36	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	93	37	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	93	38	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	93	39	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	93	40	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	94	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	94	2	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	94	3	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	94	4	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	94	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	95	1	2d	2d	PROPN
cblr-14241	95	2	194	194	NUM
cblr-14241	95	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	95	4	221	221	NUM
cblr-14241	95	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	95	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	95	7	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	95	8	1999	1999	NUM
cblr-14241	95	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	95	10	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	95	11	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	95	12	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	95	13	alstom	alstom	PROPN
cblr-14241	95	14	sa	sa	PROPN
cblr-14241	95	15	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	95	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	95	17	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	95	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	96	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	96	2	406	406	NUM
cblr-14241	96	3	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	96	4	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	96	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	97	1	2d	2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	97	2	433	433	NUM
cblr-14241	97	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	97	4	487	487	NUM
cblr-14241	97	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	97	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	97	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	97	8	2005	2005	NUM
cblr-14241	97	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	97	10	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	98	1	21	21	NUM
cblr-14241	98	2	ap	ap	PROPN
cblr-14241	98	3	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	98	4	fonden	fonden	PROPN
cblr-14241	98	5	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	98	6	ge	ge	PROPN
cblr-14241	98	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	98	8	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	98	9	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	98	10	17	17	NUM
cblr-14241	98	11	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	98	12	cv-8457	cv-8457	PROPN
cblr-14241	98	13	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	98	14	jmf	jmf	PROPN
cblr-14241	98	15	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	98	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	98	17	2021	2021	NUM
cblr-14241	98	18	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cblr-14241	98	19	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	98	20	dist	dist	PROPN
cblr-14241	98	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	99	1	lexis	lexis	PROPN
cblr-14241	99	2	20319	20319	NUM
cblr-14241	99	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	99	4	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	99	5	*	*	NUM
cblr-14241	99	6	49	49	NUM
cblr-14241	99	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	99	8	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	99	9	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	100	1	jan	jan	PROPN
cblr-14241	100	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	100	3	29	29	NUM
cblr-14241	100	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	100	5	2021	2021	NUM
cblr-14241	100	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	100	7	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	101	1	22	22	NUM
cblr-14241	102	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	102	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	102	3	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	102	4	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	102	5	youngers	younger	NOUN
cblr-14241	102	6	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	102	7	virtus	virtus	PROPN
cblr-14241	102	8	investment	investment	PROPN
cblr-14241	102	9	partners	partners	PROPN
cblr-14241	102	10	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	102	11	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	102	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	102	13	195	195	NUM
cblr-14241	102	14	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	102	15	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	102	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	103	1	3d	3d	NUM
cblr-14241	103	2	499	499	NUM
cblr-14241	103	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	103	4	524	524	NUM
cblr-14241	103	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	103	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	103	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	103	8	2016	2016	NUM
cblr-14241	103	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	103	10	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	103	11	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	103	12	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	103	13	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	103	14	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	103	15	*	*	PROPN
cblr-14241	103	16	49	49	NUM
cblr-14241	103	17	-	-	SYM
cblr-14241	103	18	50	50	NUM
cblr-14241	103	19	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	103	20	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	103	21	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	103	22	re	re	NOUN
cblr-14241	103	23	bioscrip	bioscrip	PROPN
cblr-14241	103	24	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	103	25	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	103	26	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	103	27	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	103	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	103	29	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	103	30	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	104	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	104	2	95	95	NUM
cblr-14241	104	3	f.supp.3d	f.supp.3d	NOUN
cblr-14241	104	4	711	711	NUM
cblr-14241	104	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	104	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	104	7	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	104	8	2015	2015	NUM
cblr-14241	104	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	104	10	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	104	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	105	1	23	23	NUM
cblr-14241	106	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	106	2	re	re	VERB
cblr-14241	106	3	bioscrip	bioscrip	PROPN
cblr-14241	106	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	106	5	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	106	6	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	106	7	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	106	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	106	9	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	106	10	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	107	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	107	2	95	95	NUM
cblr-14241	107	3	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	107	4	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	107	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	108	1	3d	3d	PROPN
cblr-14241	108	2	711	711	NUM
cblr-14241	108	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	108	4	740	740	NUM
cblr-14241	108	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	108	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	108	7	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	108	8	2015	2015	NUM
cblr-14241	108	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	108	10	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	108	11	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	108	12	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	108	13	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	108	14	blech	blech	PROPN
cblr-14241	108	15	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	108	16	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	109	1	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	109	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	110	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	110	2	961	961	NUM
cblr-14241	110	3	f.supp	f.supp	ADJ
cblr-14241	110	4	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	111	1	569	569	NUM
cblr-14241	111	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	111	3	586	586	NUM
cblr-14241	111	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	111	5	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	111	6	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	111	7	1997	1997	NUM
cblr-14241	111	8	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	111	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	111	10	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	112	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	112	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	113	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	113	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	113	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	113	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	113	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	113	6	883	883	NUM
cblr-14241	113	7	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	113	8	person.24	person.24	NOUN
cblr-14241	113	9	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	113	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	113	11	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
cblr-14241	113	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	113	13	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	113	14	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	113	15	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	113	16	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	113	17	goes	go	VERB
cblr-14241	113	18	somewhat	somewhat	ADV
cblr-14241	113	19	beyond	beyond	ADP
cblr-14241	113	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	113	21	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	113	22	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	113	23	definition	definition	NOUN
cblr-14241	113	24	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	113	25	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	113	26	clarifies	clarify	VERB
cblr-14241	113	27	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	113	28	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	113	29	actual	actual	ADJ
cblr-14241	113	30	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	113	31	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	113	32	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	113	33	required	require	VERB
cblr-14241	113	34	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	113	35	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	113	36	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	113	37	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	113	38	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	113	39	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	113	40	substantial	substantial	ADJ
cblr-14241	113	41	influence	influence	NOUN
cblr-14241	113	42	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	113	43	direct	direct	VERB
cblr-14241	113	44	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	113	45	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	113	46	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
cblr-14241	113	47	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	114	1	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	114	2	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	114	3	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	114	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	114	5	most	most	ADV
cblr-14241	114	6	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	114	7	factor	factor	NOUN
cblr-14241	114	8	distinguishing	distinguish	VERB
cblr-14241	114	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	114	10	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	114	11	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	114	12	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	114	13	application	application	NOUN
cblr-14241	114	14	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	114	15	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	114	16	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	114	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	114	18	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	114	19	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	114	20	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	114	21	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	114	22	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	114	23	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	114	24	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	114	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	114	26	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	114	27	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	114	28	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	114	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	115	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	115	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	115	3	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	4	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	115	6	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	115	7	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	8	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	115	9	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	115	10	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	115	11	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	115	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	115	13	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	115	14	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	15	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	115	16	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	115	17	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	115	18	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	115	19	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	20	sense	sense	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	21	[	[	X
cblr-14241	115	22	a	a	X
cblr-14241	115	23	]	]	X
cblr-14241	115	24	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	25	participant	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	26	[	[	PUNCT
cblr-14241	115	27	]	]	X
cblr-14241	115	28	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	115	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	115	30	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	31	perpetrated	perpetrate	VERB
cblr-14241	115	32	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	115	33	[	[	X
cblr-14241	115	34	the	the	X
cblr-14241	115	35	]	]	X
cblr-14241	115	36	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	115	37	person[.]”25	person[.]”25	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	38	during	during	ADP
cblr-14241	115	39	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	115	40	late	late	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	41	1990s	1990	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	42	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	115	43	early	early	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	44	2000s	2000s	NUM
cblr-14241	115	45	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	115	46	were	be	VERB
cblr-14241	115	47	questions	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	48	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	115	49	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	115	50	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	115	51	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	52	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	53	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	115	54	actually	actually	ADV
cblr-14241	115	55	starting	start	VERB
cblr-14241	115	56	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	115	57	do	do	VERB
cblr-14241	115	58	away	away	ADV
cblr-14241	115	59	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	115	60	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	115	61	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	115	62	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	115	63	least	least	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	64	weaken	weaken	VERB
cblr-14241	115	65	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	115	66	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	115	67	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	68	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	69	requirement.26	requirement.26	VERB
cblr-14241	115	70	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	115	71	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	115	72	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	115	73	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	74	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	75	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	115	76	reaffirmed	reaffirm	VERB
cblr-14241	115	77	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	115	78	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	79	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	80	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	81	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	115	82	numerous	numerous	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	83	cases	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	84	since.27	since.27	PROPN
cblr-14241	115	85	within	within	ADP
cblr-14241	115	86	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	115	87	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	88	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	89	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	115	90	is	be	VERB
cblr-14241	115	91	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	115	92	split	split	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	93	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	115	94	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	115	95	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	96	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	97	regarding	regard	VERB
cblr-14241	115	98	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	115	99	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	115	100	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	101	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	102	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	115	103	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	115	104	pleaded	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	115	105	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	115	106	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	115	107	same	same	ADJ
cblr-14241	115	108	particularity	particularity	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	109	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	115	110	scienter	scienter	NOUN
cblr-14241	115	111	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	116	1	”28	”28	NOUN
cblr-14241	116	2	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	116	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	116	4	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	116	5	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	116	6	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	116	7	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	116	8	alstrom	alstrom	ADJ
cblr-14241	116	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	116	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	116	11	southern	southern	ADJ
cblr-14241	116	12	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	116	13	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	116	14	new	new	PROPN
cblr-14241	116	15	york	york	PROPN
cblr-14241	116	16	clarified	clarify	VERB
cblr-14241	116	17	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	116	18	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	116	19	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	116	20	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	116	21	clearly	clearly	ADV
cblr-14241	116	22	requires	require	VERB
cblr-14241	116	23	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	116	24	something	something	PRON
cblr-14241	116	25	more	more	ADJ
cblr-14241	116	26	than	than	ADP
cblr-14241	116	27	24	24	NUM
cblr-14241	116	28	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	116	29	17	17	NUM
cblr-14241	116	30	c.f.r	c.f.r	NOUN
cblr-14241	116	31	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	117	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	117	2	230.405	230.405	NUM
cblr-14241	117	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	117	4	25	25	NUM
cblr-14241	117	5	s.e.c	s.e.c	NOUN
cblr-14241	117	6	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	1	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	118	2	first	first	PROPN
cblr-14241	118	3	jersey	jersey	PROPN
cblr-14241	118	4	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	118	5	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	118	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	7	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	118	8	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	118	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	10	101	101	NUM
cblr-14241	118	11	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	118	12	1450	1450	NUM
cblr-14241	118	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	14	1472	1472	NUM
cblr-14241	118	15	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	16	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	118	17	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	118	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	19	1996	1996	NUM
cblr-14241	118	20	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	21	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	22	internal	internal	ADJ
cblr-14241	118	23	quotation	quotation	NOUN
cblr-14241	118	24	marks	mark	NOUN
cblr-14241	118	25	omitted	omit	VERB
cblr-14241	118	26	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	27	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	28	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	118	29	gordon	gordon	PROPN
cblr-14241	118	30	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	118	31	burr	burr	PROPN
cblr-14241	118	32	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	33	506	506	NUM
cblr-14241	118	34	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	118	35	1080	1080	NUM
cblr-14241	118	36	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	37	1085	1085	NUM
cblr-14241	118	38	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	39	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	118	40	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	118	41	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	118	42	1974	1974	NUM
cblr-14241	118	43	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	44	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	118	45	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	119	1	26	26	NUM
cblr-14241	119	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	119	3	lewis	lewis	PROPN
cblr-14241	119	4	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	119	5	lowenfels	lowenfels	PROPN
cblr-14241	119	6	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	119	7	alan	alan	PROPN
cblr-14241	119	8	r.	r.	PROPN
cblr-14241	119	9	bromberg	bromberg	PROPN
cblr-14241	119	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	119	11	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	119	12	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	119	13	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	119	14	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	119	15	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	119	16	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	119	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	119	18	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	119	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	119	20	securities	securities	PROPN
cblr-14241	119	21	exchange	exchange	PROPN
cblr-14241	119	22	act	act	PROPN
cblr-14241	119	23	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	119	24	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	119	25	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	119	26	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	119	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	119	28	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	119	29	act	act	PROPN
cblr-14241	119	30	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	119	31	53	53	NUM
cblr-14241	119	32	bus	bus	NOUN
cblr-14241	119	33	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	120	1	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	120	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	1	1	1	NUM
cblr-14241	121	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	3	3	3	NUM
cblr-14241	121	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	5	1997	1997	NUM
cblr-14241	121	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	8	referring	refer	VERB
cblr-14241	121	9	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	121	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	121	11	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	12	recent	recent	ADJ
cblr-14241	121	13	erosion	erosion	NOUN
cblr-14241	121	14	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	121	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	121	16	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	17	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	121	18	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	121	19	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	20	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cblr-14241	121	21	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	121	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	121	23	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	121	24	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	25	fourth	fourth	ADJ
cblr-14241	121	26	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	27	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	121	28	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	121	29	circuits	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	121	30	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	31	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	32	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	33	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	34	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	121	35	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	121	36	erin	erin	PROPN
cblr-14241	121	37	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	121	38	massey	massey	PROPN
cblr-14241	121	39	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	40	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	121	41	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	121	42	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	121	43	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	121	44	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	121	45	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	121	46	):	):	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	47	striking	strike	VERB
cblr-14241	121	48	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	121	49	balance	balance	NOUN
cblr-14241	121	50	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	121	51	interests	interest	NOUN
cblr-14241	121	52	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	121	53	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	121	54	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	121	55	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	121	56	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	121	57	6	6	NUM
cblr-14241	121	58	hous	hous	ADJ
cblr-14241	121	59	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	122	1	bus	bus	NOUN
cblr-14241	122	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	122	3	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	122	4	tax	tax	PROPN
cblr-14241	122	5	l.j	l.j	PROPN
cblr-14241	122	6	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	122	7	109	109	NUM
cblr-14241	122	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	122	9	117	117	NUM
cblr-14241	122	10	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	122	11	2006	2006	NUM
cblr-14241	122	12	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	122	13	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	122	14	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	122	15	[	[	PUNCT
cblr-14241	122	16	c]ircuits	c]ircuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	122	17	applying	apply	VERB
cblr-14241	122	18	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	122	19	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	122	20	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	122	21	test	test	NOUN
cblr-14241	122	22	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	122	23	beginning	begin	VERB
cblr-14241	122	24	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	122	25	waiver	waiver	NOUN
cblr-14241	122	26	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	122	27	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	122	28	adherence	adherence	NOUN
cblr-14241	122	29	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	122	30	such	such	DET
cblr-14241	122	31	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	122	32	strict	strict	ADJ
cblr-14241	122	33	pleading	pleading	NOUN
cblr-14241	122	34	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	122	35	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	122	36	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	122	37	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	123	1	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	123	2	citing	cite	VERB
cblr-14241	123	3	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	123	4	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	123	5	reliance	reliance	PROPN
cblr-14241	123	6	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	123	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	123	8	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	123	9	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	123	10	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	123	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	124	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	124	2	135	135	NUM
cblr-14241	124	3	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	124	4	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	124	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	125	1	2d	2d	PROPN
cblr-14241	125	2	480	480	NUM
cblr-14241	125	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	125	4	518	518	NUM
cblr-14241	125	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	125	6	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	125	7	del	del	PROPN
cblr-14241	125	8	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	125	9	2001	2001	NUM
cblr-14241	125	10	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	125	11	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	125	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	126	1	27	27	NUM
cblr-14241	126	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	126	3	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	126	4	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	126	5	bernard	bernard	PROPN
cblr-14241	126	6	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	126	7	madoff	madoff	PROPN
cblr-14241	126	8	inv	inv	PROPN
cblr-14241	126	9	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	1	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	127	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	127	3	llc	llc	PROPN
cblr-14241	127	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	5	818	818	NUM
cblr-14241	127	6	f.	f.	NOUN
cblr-14241	127	7	app'x	app'x	PROPN
cblr-14241	127	8	48	48	NUM
cblr-14241	127	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	10	55	55	NUM
cblr-14241	127	11	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	12	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	127	13	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	127	14	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	15	2020	2020	NUM
cblr-14241	127	16	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	17	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	18	stating	state	VERB
cblr-14241	127	19	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	127	20	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	127	21	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	127	22	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	127	23	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	127	24	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	127	25	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	26	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	127	27	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	127	28	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
cblr-14241	127	29	sense	sense	NOUN
cblr-14241	127	30	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	31	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	127	32	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	127	33	participant	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	127	34	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	127	35	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	127	36	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	127	37	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	127	38	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	127	39	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	127	40	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	41	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	42	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	43	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	127	44	atsi	atsi	PROPN
cblr-14241	127	45	commc'ns	commc'ns	PROPN
cblr-14241	127	46	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	127	47	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	127	48	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	128	1	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	128	2	shaar	shaar	PROPN
cblr-14241	128	3	fund	fund	PROPN
cblr-14241	128	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	128	5	ltd	ltd	PROPN
cblr-14241	128	6	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	128	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	128	8	493	493	NUM
cblr-14241	128	9	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	128	10	87	87	NUM
cblr-14241	128	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	128	12	108	108	NUM
cblr-14241	128	13	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	128	14	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	128	15	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	128	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	128	17	2007	2007	NUM
cblr-14241	128	18	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	128	19	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	128	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	129	1	28	28	NUM
cblr-14241	129	2	ap	ap	ADV
cblr-14241	129	3	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	129	4	fonden	fonden	PROPN
cblr-14241	129	5	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	129	6	ge	ge	PROPN
cblr-14241	129	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	129	8	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	129	9	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	129	10	17	17	NUM
cblr-14241	129	11	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	129	12	cv-8457	cv-8457	PROPN
cblr-14241	129	13	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	129	14	jmf	jmf	PROPN
cblr-14241	129	15	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	129	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	129	17	2021	2021	NUM
cblr-14241	129	18	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cblr-14241	129	19	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	129	20	dist	dist	PROPN
cblr-14241	129	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	130	1	lexis	lexis	PROPN
cblr-14241	130	2	20319	20319	NUM
cblr-14241	130	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	130	4	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	130	5	*	*	PROPN
cblr-14241	130	6	51	51	NUM
cblr-14241	130	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	130	8	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	130	9	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	130	10	jan	jan	PROPN
cblr-14241	130	11	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	130	12	29	29	NUM
cblr-14241	130	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	130	14	2021	2021	NUM
cblr-14241	130	15	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	130	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	131	1	884	884	NUM
cblr-14241	131	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	131	3	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	131	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	131	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	132	1	[	[	X
cblr-14241	132	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	132	3	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	132	4	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	132	5	negligence	negligence	NOUN
cblr-14241	132	6	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	132	7	’”29	’”29	PUNCT
cblr-14241	132	8	there	there	ADV
cblr-14241	132	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	132	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	132	11	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	132	12	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	132	13	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	132	14	recklessness	recklessness	NOUN
cblr-14241	132	15	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	132	16	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	132	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	132	18	minimum	minimum	ADJ
cblr-14241	132	19	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	132	20	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	132	21	alleging	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	132	22	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	132	23	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	132	24	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	133	1	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	2	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	133	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	133	4	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	133	5	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	6	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	133	7	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	133	8	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	133	9	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	133	10	alleging	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	133	11	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	133	12	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	13	entails	entail	VERB
cblr-14241	133	14	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	133	15	heightened	heightened	ADJ
cblr-14241	133	16	pleading	pleading	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	17	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	133	19	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	133	20	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	133	21	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	133	22	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	23	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	133	24	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	133	25	plead	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	133	26	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	133	27	particularity	particularity	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	28	facts	fact	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	29	giving	give	VERB
cblr-14241	133	30	rise	rise	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	31	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	133	32	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	133	33	strong	strong	ADJ
cblr-14241	133	34	inference	inference	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	35	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	133	36	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	133	37	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	133	38	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	39	knew	know	VERB
cblr-14241	133	40	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	133	41	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	133	42	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	133	43	known	know	VERB
cblr-14241	133	44	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	133	45	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	133	46	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	133	47	violator	violator	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	48	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	133	49	over	over	ADP
cblr-14241	133	50	whom	whom	PRON
cblr-14241	133	51	that	that	DET
cblr-14241	133	52	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	53	had	have	VERB
cblr-14241	133	54	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	55	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	133	56	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	133	57	engaging	engage	VERB
cblr-14241	133	58	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	133	59	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
cblr-14241	133	60	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cblr-14241	133	61	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	134	1	”30	”30	VERB
cblr-14241	134	2	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	134	3	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	4	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	134	5	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	134	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	134	7	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	134	8	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	134	10	after	after	SCONJ
cblr-14241	134	11	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	134	12	prima	prima	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	13	facie	facie	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	14	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	15	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	134	16	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	134	17	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	18	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	134	19	made	make	VERB
cblr-14241	134	20	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	134	21	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	134	22	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	23	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	134	24	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	134	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	134	26	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	27	shifts	shift	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	28	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	134	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	134	30	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	31	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	134	32	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	134	33	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	134	34	he	he	PRON
cblr-14241	134	35	acted	act	VERB
cblr-14241	134	36	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	134	37	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	134	38	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	39	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	134	40	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	134	41	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	134	42	said	say	VERB
cblr-14241	134	43	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	44	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	134	45	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	134	46	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	134	47	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	134	48	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	134	49	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	50	either	either	CCONJ
cblr-14241	134	51	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	134	52	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	134	53	indirectly.31	indirectly.31	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	54	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	134	55	order	order	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	56	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	134	57	meet	meet	VERB
cblr-14241	134	58	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	134	59	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	60	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	134	61	establishing	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	134	62	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	134	63	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	134	64	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	65	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	66	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	134	67	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	134	68	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	69	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	134	70	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	134	71	prove	prove	VERB
cblr-14241	134	72	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	134	73	he	he	PRON
cblr-14241	134	74	exercised	exercise	VERB
cblr-14241	134	75	due	due	ADJ
cblr-14241	134	76	care	care	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	77	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	134	78	his	his	PRON
cblr-14241	134	79	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	80	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	134	81	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	134	82	violator	violator	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	83	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	134	84	activities	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	85	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	134	86	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	134	87	he	he	PRON
cblr-14241	134	88	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	134	89	maintained	maintain	VERB
cblr-14241	134	90	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	134	91	enforced	enforce	VERB
cblr-14241	134	92	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	134	93	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cblr-14241	134	94	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	134	95	proper	proper	ADJ
cblr-14241	134	96	system	system	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	97	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	134	98	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	99	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	134	100	internal	internal	ADJ
cblr-14241	134	101	controls	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	134	102	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	134	103	’”32	’”32	PUNCT
cblr-14241	135	1	ii	ii	X
cblr-14241	135	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	136	1	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	136	2	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	136	3	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	136	4	out	out	ADP
cblr-14241	136	5	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	136	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	136	7	two	two	NUM
cblr-14241	136	8	principal	principal	ADJ
cblr-14241	136	9	jurisdictions	jurisdiction	NOUN
cblr-14241	136	10	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	136	11	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	136	12	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	136	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	136	14	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	136	15	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	136	16	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	136	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	136	18	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	136	19	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	136	20	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	136	21	friendly	friendly	ADJ
cblr-14241	136	22	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	136	23	then	then	ADV
cblr-14241	136	24	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	136	25	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	136	26	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	136	27	serves	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	136	28	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	136	29	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	136	30	foil	foil	NOUN
cblr-14241	136	31	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	136	32	being	be	AUX
cblr-14241	136	33	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	136	34	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	136	35	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	136	36	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	136	37	friendly	friendly	ADJ
cblr-14241	136	38	jurisdiction	jurisdiction	NOUN
cblr-14241	136	39	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	137	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	137	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	137	3	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	137	4	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	137	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	137	6	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	137	7	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	137	8	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	137	9	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	137	10	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	137	11	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	137	12	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	137	13	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	137	14	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	137	15	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	137	16	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	137	17	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	137	18	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	137	19	1	1	X
cblr-14241	137	20	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	137	21	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	137	22	is	be	VERB
cblr-14241	137	23	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	137	24	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	137	25	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	137	26	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	137	27	[	[	X
cblr-14241	137	28	exchange	exchange	NOUN
cblr-14241	137	29	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	137	30	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	137	31	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	137	32	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	137	33	2	2	X
cblr-14241	137	34	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	137	35	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	137	36	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	137	37	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	137	38	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	137	39	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	137	40	controls	control	VERB
cblr-14241	137	41	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	137	42	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	137	43	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	137	44	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	137	45	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	137	46	29	29	NUM
cblr-14241	137	47	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	137	48	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	137	49	alstom	alstom	PROPN
cblr-14241	137	50	sa	sa	PROPN
cblr-14241	137	51	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	137	52	406	406	NUM
cblr-14241	137	53	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	137	54	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	137	55	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	138	1	2d	2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	138	2	433	433	NUM
cblr-14241	138	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	138	4	490	490	NUM
cblr-14241	138	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	138	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	138	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	138	8	2005	2005	NUM
cblr-14241	138	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	138	10	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	138	11	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	138	12	ernst	ernst	PROPN
cblr-14241	138	13	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	138	14	ernst	ernst	PROPN
cblr-14241	138	15	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	138	16	hochfelder	hochfelder	PROPN
cblr-14241	138	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	138	18	425	425	NUM
cblr-14241	138	19	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cblr-14241	138	20	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	138	21	185	185	NUM
cblr-14241	138	22	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	138	23	209	209	NUM
cblr-14241	138	24	n.28	n.28	NOUN
cblr-14241	138	25	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	138	26	1976	1976	NUM
cblr-14241	138	27	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	138	28	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	138	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	139	1	30	30	NUM
cblr-14241	139	2	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	139	3	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	139	4	refco	refco	PROPN
cblr-14241	139	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	139	6	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	139	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	139	8	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	139	9	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	139	10	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	139	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	139	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	139	13	503	503	NUM
cblr-14241	139	14	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	139	15	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	139	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	140	1	2d	2d	PROPN
cblr-14241	140	2	611	611	NUM
cblr-14241	140	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	140	4	661	661	NUM
cblr-14241	140	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	140	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	140	7	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	140	8	2007	2007	NUM
cblr-14241	140	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	140	10	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	140	11	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	140	12	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	140	13	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	140	14	parmalat	parmalat	PROPN
cblr-14241	140	15	secs	sec	NOUN
cblr-14241	140	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	141	1	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	141	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	142	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	142	2	383	383	NUM
cblr-14241	142	3	f.supp.2d	f.supp.2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	142	4	616	616	NUM
cblr-14241	142	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	142	6	627	627	NUM
cblr-14241	142	7	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	142	8	n.53	n.53	PROPN
cblr-14241	142	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	142	10	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	142	11	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	142	12	2005	2005	NUM
cblr-14241	142	13	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	142	14	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	142	15	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	143	1	31	31	NUM
cblr-14241	143	2	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	143	3	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	143	4	first	first	PROPN
cblr-14241	143	5	jersey	jersey	PROPN
cblr-14241	143	6	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	143	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	143	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	143	9	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	143	10	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	143	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	143	12	101	101	NUM
cblr-14241	143	13	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	143	14	1450	1450	NUM
cblr-14241	143	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	143	16	1473	1473	NUM
cblr-14241	143	17	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	143	18	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	143	19	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	143	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	143	21	1996	1996	NUM
cblr-14241	143	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	143	23	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	143	24	citing	cite	VERB
cblr-14241	143	25	marbury	marbury	PROPN
cblr-14241	143	26	management	management	PROPN
cblr-14241	143	27	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	143	28	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	143	29	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	144	1	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	144	2	kohn	kohn	PROPN
cblr-14241	144	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	144	4	629	629	NUM
cblr-14241	144	5	f.2d	f.2d	SYM
cblr-14241	144	6	705	705	NUM
cblr-14241	144	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	144	8	716	716	NUM
cblr-14241	144	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	144	10	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	144	11	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	144	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	145	1	1980	1980	NUM
cblr-14241	145	2	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	145	3	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	145	4	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	145	5	u.s.c	u.s.c	ADJ
cblr-14241	145	6	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	146	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	146	2	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	146	3	t	t	NOUN
cblr-14241	146	4	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	146	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	147	1	32	32	NUM
cblr-14241	148	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	148	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	148	3	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	148	4	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	148	5	marbury	marbury	PROPN
cblr-14241	148	6	management	management	PROPN
cblr-14241	148	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	148	8	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	148	9	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	149	1	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	149	2	kohn	kohn	PROPN
cblr-14241	149	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	150	1	629	629	NUM
cblr-14241	150	2	f.2d	f.2d	X
cblr-14241	150	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	150	4	716	716	NUM
cblr-14241	150	5	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	150	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	150	7	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	151	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	151	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	152	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	152	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	152	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	152	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	152	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	152	6	885	885	NUM
cblr-14241	152	7	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	152	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	153	1	”33	”33	VERB
cblr-14241	153	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	153	3	two	two	NUM
cblr-14241	153	4	prongs	prong	NOUN
cblr-14241	153	5	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	153	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	153	7	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	153	8	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	153	9	test	test	NOUN
cblr-14241	153	10	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	153	11	largely	largely	ADV
cblr-14241	153	12	similar	similar	ADJ
cblr-14241	153	13	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	153	14	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	153	15	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
cblr-14241	153	16	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	153	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	153	18	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	153	19	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	153	20	test	test	NOUN
cblr-14241	153	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	154	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	154	2	main	main	ADJ
cblr-14241	154	3	difference	difference	NOUN
cblr-14241	154	4	lies	lie	VERB
cblr-14241	154	5	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	154	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	154	7	conspicuous	conspicuous	ADJ
cblr-14241	154	8	absence	absence	NOUN
cblr-14241	154	9	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	154	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	154	11	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	154	12	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	154	13	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	154	14	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	154	15	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	154	16	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	154	17	discarded	discard	VERB
cblr-14241	154	18	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	154	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	154	20	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	154	21	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	154	22	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	155	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	155	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	155	3	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	155	4	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	155	5	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	155	6	need	need	VERB
cblr-14241	155	7	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	155	8	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	155	9	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	155	10	exercised	exercise	VERB
cblr-14241	155	11	actual	actual	ADJ
cblr-14241	155	12	power	power	NOUN
cblr-14241	155	13	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	155	14	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	155	15	over	over	ADP
cblr-14241	155	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	155	17	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	155	18	violator	violator	NOUN
cblr-14241	155	19	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	155	20	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	155	21	order	order	NOUN
cblr-14241	155	22	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	155	23	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	155	24	considered	consider	VERB
cblr-14241	155	25	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	155	26	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	155	27	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	155	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	156	1	”34	”34	ADP
cblr-14241	156	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	156	3	fate	fate	NOUN
cblr-14241	156	4	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	156	5	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	156	6	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	156	7	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	156	8	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	156	9	suit	suit	NOUN
cblr-14241	156	10	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	156	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	156	12	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	156	13	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	156	14	thus	thus	ADV
cblr-14241	156	15	depends	depend	VERB
cblr-14241	156	16	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	156	17	how	how	SCONJ
cblr-14241	156	18	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	156	19	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	156	20	defines	define	VERB
cblr-14241	156	21	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	156	22	actual	actual	ADJ
cblr-14241	156	23	power	power	NOUN
cblr-14241	156	24	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	156	25	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	156	26	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	156	27	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	156	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	156	29	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	157	1	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	157	2	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	157	3	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	157	4	noted	note	VERB
cblr-14241	157	5	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	157	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	157	7	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	157	8	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	9	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	157	10	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	157	11	[	[	X
cblr-14241	157	12	w]hether	w]hether	X
cblr-14241	157	13	[	[	X
cblr-14241	157	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	157	15	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	16	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	157	17	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	157	18	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	157	19	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	157	20	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	21	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	157	22	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	157	23	intensely	intensely	ADV
cblr-14241	157	24	factual	factual	ADJ
cblr-14241	157	25	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	26	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	157	27	involving	involve	VERB
cblr-14241	157	28	scrutiny	scrutiny	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	29	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	157	30	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	157	31	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	32	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	157	33	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	34	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	157	35	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	157	36	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	37	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	157	38	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	157	39	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	157	40	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	41	affairs	affair	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	42	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	157	43	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	157	44	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	45	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	157	46	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	157	47	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	48	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	157	49	power	power	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	50	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	157	51	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	157	52	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	157	53	actions	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	157	54	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	158	1	”35	”35	PROPN
cblr-14241	158	2	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	158	3	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	158	4	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	158	5	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	158	6	status	status	NOUN
cblr-14241	158	7	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	158	8	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	158	9	officer	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	158	10	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	158	11	director	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	158	12	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	158	13	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	158	14	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	158	15	itself	itself	PRON
cblr-14241	158	16	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	158	17	create	create	VERB
cblr-14241	158	18	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	158	19	presumption	presumption	NOUN
cblr-14241	158	20	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	158	21	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	158	22	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	158	23	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	158	24	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
cblr-14241	158	25	serves	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	158	26	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	158	27	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	158	28	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	158	29	sort	sort	NOUN
cblr-14241	158	30	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	158	31	red	red	ADJ
cblr-14241	158	32	light	light	NOUN
cblr-14241	158	33	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	159	1	”36	”36	PROPN
cblr-14241	159	2	notably	notably	ADV
cblr-14241	159	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	159	4	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	159	5	making	make	VERB
cblr-14241	159	6	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	159	7	prima	prima	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	8	facie	facie	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	9	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	10	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	159	11	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	12	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	159	13	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	159	14	need	need	VERB
cblr-14241	159	15	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	159	16	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	159	17	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	159	18	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	159	19	exercise	exercise	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	20	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	159	21	actual	actual	ADJ
cblr-14241	159	22	power[.]”37	power[.]”37	ADJ
cblr-14241	159	23	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	24	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	159	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	159	26	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	159	27	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	28	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	159	29	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	159	30	placed	place	VERB
cblr-14241	159	31	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	32	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	159	33	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	159	34	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	35	were	be	AUX
cblr-14241	159	36	involved	involve	VERB
cblr-14241	159	37	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	159	38	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	159	39	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	40	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	159	41	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	159	42	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	159	43	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	44	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	45	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	159	46	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	159	47	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	48	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	159	49	particularly	particularly	ADV
cblr-14241	159	50	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	159	51	cases	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	52	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	159	53	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	159	54	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	159	55	were	be	VERB
cblr-14241	159	56	relevant	relevant	ADJ
cblr-14241	159	57	financial	financial	ADJ
cblr-14241	159	58	statements.38	statements.38	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	59	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	159	60	these	these	DET
cblr-14241	159	61	cases	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	62	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	159	63	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	64	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	159	65	involvement	involvement	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	66	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	159	67	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	68	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	159	69	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	159	70	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	159	71	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	72	operations	operation	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	73	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	159	74	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	159	75	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	159	76	financial	financial	ADJ
cblr-14241	159	77	statements	statement	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	78	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	159	79	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	159	80	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	159	81	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
cblr-14241	159	82	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	159	83	presume	presume	VERB
cblr-14241	159	84	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	85	over	over	ADP
cblr-14241	159	86	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	159	87	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	159	88	transactions	transaction	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	89	giving	give	VERB
cblr-14241	159	90	rise	rise	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	91	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	159	92	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	159	93	alleged	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	159	94	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	95	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	159	96	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	160	1	’”39	’”39	ADP
cblr-14241	160	2	33	33	NUM
cblr-14241	160	3	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	160	4	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	160	5	todd	todd	NOUN
cblr-14241	160	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	160	7	642	642	NUM
cblr-14241	160	8	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	160	9	1207	1207	NUM
cblr-14241	160	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	160	11	1223	1223	NUM
cblr-14241	160	12	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	160	13	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	160	14	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	160	15	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	160	16	2011	2011	NUM
cblr-14241	160	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	161	1	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	161	2	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	161	3	howard	howard	PROPN
cblr-14241	161	4	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	161	5	everex	everex	PROPN
cblr-14241	161	6	sys	sys	PROPN
cblr-14241	161	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	161	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	161	9	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	161	10	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	161	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	161	12	228	228	NUM
cblr-14241	161	13	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	161	14	1057	1057	NUM
cblr-14241	161	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	161	16	1065	1065	NUM
cblr-14241	161	17	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	161	18	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	161	19	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	161	20	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	161	21	2000	2000	NUM
cblr-14241	161	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	161	23	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	161	24	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	162	1	34	34	NUM
cblr-14241	162	2	webb	webb	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	3	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	4	solarcity	solarcity	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	5	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	6	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	162	8	884	884	NUM
cblr-14241	162	9	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	162	10	844	844	NUM
cblr-14241	162	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	162	12	858	858	NUM
cblr-14241	162	13	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	162	14	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	162	15	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	162	16	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	17	2018	2018	NUM
cblr-14241	162	18	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	162	19	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	162	20	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	162	21	howard	howard	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	22	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	23	everex	everex	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	24	sys	sys	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	25	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	26	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	162	27	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	28	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	29	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	162	30	228	228	NUM
cblr-14241	162	31	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	162	32	1057	1057	NUM
cblr-14241	162	33	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	162	34	1065	1065	NUM
cblr-14241	162	35	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	162	36	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	162	37	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	162	38	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	162	39	2000	2000	NUM
cblr-14241	162	40	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	162	41	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	162	42	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	163	1	35	35	NUM
cblr-14241	163	2	howard	howard	PROPN
cblr-14241	163	3	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	163	4	everex	everex	PROPN
cblr-14241	163	5	sys	sys	PROPN
cblr-14241	163	6	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	163	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	163	8	228	228	NUM
cblr-14241	163	9	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	163	10	1057	1057	NUM
cblr-14241	163	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	163	12	1065	1065	NUM
cblr-14241	163	13	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	163	14	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	163	15	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	163	16	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	163	17	2000	2000	NUM
cblr-14241	163	18	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	163	19	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	163	20	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	163	21	kaplan	kaplan	PROPN
cblr-14241	163	22	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	163	23	rose	rose	PROPN
cblr-14241	163	24	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	163	25	49	49	NUM
cblr-14241	163	26	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	163	27	1363	1363	NUM
cblr-14241	163	28	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	163	29	1382	1382	NUM
cblr-14241	163	30	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	163	31	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	163	32	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	163	33	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	163	34	1994	1994	NUM
cblr-14241	163	35	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	163	36	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	163	37	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	164	1	36	36	NUM
cblr-14241	164	2	hessefort	hessefort	NOUN
cblr-14241	164	3	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	164	4	super	super	PROPN
cblr-14241	164	5	micro	micro	ADJ
cblr-14241	164	6	comput	comput	NOUN
cblr-14241	164	7	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	164	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	164	9	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	164	10	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	164	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	164	12	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	164	13	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	164	14	18	18	NUM
cblr-14241	164	15	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	164	16	cv-00838	cv-00838	NOUN
cblr-14241	164	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	164	18	2021	2021	NUM
cblr-14241	164	19	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cblr-14241	164	20	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	164	21	dist	dist	PROPN
cblr-14241	164	22	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	165	1	lexis	lexis	NOUN
cblr-14241	165	2	63629	63629	NUM
cblr-14241	165	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	165	4	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	165	5	*	*	PROPN
cblr-14241	165	6	47	47	NUM
cblr-14241	165	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	165	8	n.d	n.d	PROPN
cblr-14241	165	9	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	165	10	cal	cal	PROPN
cblr-14241	165	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	166	1	mar	mar	PROPN
cblr-14241	166	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	166	3	29	29	NUM
cblr-14241	166	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	166	5	2021	2021	NUM
cblr-14241	166	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	166	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	166	8	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	166	9	paracor	paracor	NOUN
cblr-14241	166	10	fin	fin	PROPN
cblr-14241	166	11	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	166	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	166	13	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	166	14	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	167	1	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	167	2	ge	ge	PROPN
cblr-14241	167	3	cap	cap	PROPN
cblr-14241	167	4	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	168	1	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	168	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	168	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	168	4	96	96	NUM
cblr-14241	168	5	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	168	6	1151	1151	NUM
cblr-14241	168	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	168	8	1163	1163	NUM
cblr-14241	168	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	168	10	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	168	11	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	168	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	168	13	1996	1996	NUM
cblr-14241	168	14	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	168	15	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	168	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	169	1	37	37	NUM
cblr-14241	169	2	howard	howard	PROPN
cblr-14241	169	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	169	4	228	228	NUM
cblr-14241	169	5	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	169	6	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	169	7	1065	1065	NUM
cblr-14241	169	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	170	1	38	38	NUM
cblr-14241	170	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	170	3	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	170	4	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	170	5	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	170	6	1065–66	1065–66	NUM
cblr-14241	170	7	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	171	1	39	39	NUM
cblr-14241	172	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	172	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	172	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	172	4	1065	1065	NUM
cblr-14241	172	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	172	6	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	172	7	wool	wool	NOUN
cblr-14241	172	8	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	172	9	tandem	tandem	PROPN
cblr-14241	172	10	computers	computers	PROPN
cblr-14241	172	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	172	12	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	172	13	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	172	14	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	172	15	818	818	NUM
cblr-14241	172	16	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	172	17	1433	1433	NUM
cblr-14241	172	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	172	19	1441	1441	NUM
cblr-14241	172	20	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	172	21	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	172	22	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	172	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	172	24	1987	1987	NUM
cblr-14241	172	25	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	172	26	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	172	27	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	173	1	886	886	NUM
cblr-14241	173	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	173	3	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	173	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	173	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	173	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	173	7	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	173	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	173	9	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	173	10	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cblr-14241	173	11	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	173	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	173	13	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	173	14	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	173	15	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	173	16	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	173	17	prior	prior	ADV
cblr-14241	173	18	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	173	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	173	20	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	173	21	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	173	22	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	173	23	1990	1990	NUM
cblr-14241	173	24	decision	decision	NOUN
cblr-14241	173	25	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	173	26	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	173	27	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	173	28	titan	titan	PROPN
cblr-14241	173	29	capital	capital	PROPN
cblr-14241	173	30	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	173	31	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	174	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	174	2	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	3	adopted	adopt	VERB
cblr-14241	174	4	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	174	5	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	174	6	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	7	standard.40	standard.40	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	8	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	174	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	174	10	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	174	11	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	174	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	174	13	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	14	dispensed	dispense	VERB
cblr-14241	174	15	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	174	16	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	174	17	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	18	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	174	19	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	20	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	174	21	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	174	22	suits.41	suits.41	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	23	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	174	24	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	174	25	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	174	26	court	court	PROPN
cblr-14241	174	27	noted	note	VERB
cblr-14241	174	28	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	174	29	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	174	30	reached	reach	VERB
cblr-14241	174	31	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	174	32	decision	decision	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	33	rejecting	reject	VERB
cblr-14241	174	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	174	35	necessity	necessity	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	36	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	174	37	pleading	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	174	38	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	174	39	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	40	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	174	41	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	174	42	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	174	43	context	context	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	44	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	174	45	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	174	46	broker	broker	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	47	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	174	48	dealer	dealer	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	49	/	/	SYM
cblr-14241	174	50	registered	register	VERB
cblr-14241	174	51	representative	representative	ADJ
cblr-14241	174	52	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	53	exclusively	exclusively	ADV
cblr-14241	174	54	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	174	55	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	174	56	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
cblr-14241	174	57	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	58	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	59	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	174	60	firmly	firmly	ADV
cblr-14241	174	61	established	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	174	62	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	174	63	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	174	64	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	174	65	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	66	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	67	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	174	68	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	174	69	abandoned	abandon	VERB
cblr-14241	174	70	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	174	71	all	all	DET
cblr-14241	174	72	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	73	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	174	74	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	174	75	claims.42	claims.42	VERB
cblr-14241	174	76	thus	thus	ADV
cblr-14241	174	77	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	174	78	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	174	79	making	make	VERB
cblr-14241	174	80	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	174	81	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	82	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	174	83	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	174	84	claim	claim	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	85	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	174	86	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	174	87	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	88	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	174	89	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	174	90	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	174	91	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	174	92	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	174	93	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	94	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	174	95	establishing	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	174	96	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	174	97	[	[	X
cblr-14241	174	98	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	174	99	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	174	100	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	101	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	174	102	scienter	scienter	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	103	distinct	distinct	ADJ
cblr-14241	174	104	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	174	105	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	174	106	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	174	107	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	108	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	174	109	scienter	scienter	NOUN
cblr-14241	174	110	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	175	1	”43	”43	ADJ
cblr-14241	175	2	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	175	3	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	175	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	175	5	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	175	6	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	175	7	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	175	8	tied	tie	VERB
cblr-14241	175	9	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	175	10	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	175	11	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	175	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	175	13	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	175	14	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	175	15	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	175	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	176	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	176	2	rejecting	reject	VERB
cblr-14241	176	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	176	4	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	176	5	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	6	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	176	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	176	9	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	176	10	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	11	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	176	12	thus	thus	ADV
cblr-14241	176	13	shifted	shift	VERB
cblr-14241	176	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	176	15	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	16	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	176	17	proving	prove	VERB
cblr-14241	176	18	scienter	scienter	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	19	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	176	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	176	21	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	22	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	176	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	176	24	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	25	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	176	26	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	176	27	form	form	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	28	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	176	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	176	30	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	176	31	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	32	defense.44	defense.44	VERB
cblr-14241	176	33	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	176	34	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	35	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	176	36	like	like	ADP
cblr-14241	176	37	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	176	38	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	39	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	176	40	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	176	41	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	176	42	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	43	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	176	44	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	176	45	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	176	46	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	47	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	48	has	have	VERB
cblr-14241	176	49	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	176	50	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	51	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	176	52	avail	avail	VERB
cblr-14241	176	53	themselves	themselves	PRON
cblr-14241	176	54	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	176	55	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	176	56	affirmative	affirmative	ADJ
cblr-14241	176	57	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	58	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	176	59	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	176	60	faith.45	faith.45	ADJ
cblr-14241	176	61	precedent	precedent	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	62	40	40	NUM
cblr-14241	176	63	erin	erin	PROPN
cblr-14241	176	64	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	176	65	massey	massey	PROPN
cblr-14241	176	66	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	176	67	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	68	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	69	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	70	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	176	71	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	72	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	176	73	):	):	PUNCT
cblr-14241	176	74	striking	strike	VERB
cblr-14241	176	75	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	176	76	balance	balance	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	77	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	176	78	interests	interest	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	79	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	176	80	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	81	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	176	82	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	176	83	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	176	84	6	6	NUM
cblr-14241	176	85	hous	hous	ADJ
cblr-14241	176	86	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	177	1	bus	bus	NOUN
cblr-14241	177	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	177	3	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	177	4	tax	tax	PROPN
cblr-14241	177	5	l.j	l.j	PROPN
cblr-14241	177	6	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	177	7	109	109	NUM
cblr-14241	177	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	177	9	120–121	120–121	NUM
cblr-14241	177	10	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	177	11	2006	2006	NUM
cblr-14241	177	12	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	177	13	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	178	1	41	41	NUM
cblr-14241	178	2	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	178	3	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	178	4	titan	titan	PROPN
cblr-14241	178	5	cap	cap	PROPN
cblr-14241	178	6	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	179	1	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	179	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	179	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	179	4	914	914	NUM
cblr-14241	179	5	f.2d	f.2d	NUM
cblr-14241	179	6	1564	1564	NUM
cblr-14241	179	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	179	8	1575	1575	NUM
cblr-14241	179	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	179	10	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	179	11	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	179	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	179	13	1990	1990	NUM
cblr-14241	179	14	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	179	15	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	180	1	42	42	NUM
cblr-14241	181	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	181	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	181	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	181	4	1575	1575	NUM
cblr-14241	181	5	n.	n.	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	6	24	24	NUM
cblr-14241	181	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	8	stating	state	VERB
cblr-14241	181	9	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	181	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	181	11	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	12	rejected	reject	VERB
cblr-14241	181	13	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	181	14	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	15	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	181	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	181	17	context	context	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	18	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	181	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	181	20	broker	broker	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	21	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	22	dealer	dealer	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	23	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	24	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	25	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	26	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	181	27	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	181	28	howard	howard	PROPN
cblr-14241	181	29	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	181	30	everex	everex	PROPN
cblr-14241	181	31	sys	sys	PROPN
cblr-14241	181	32	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	181	33	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	34	228	228	NUM
cblr-14241	181	35	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	181	36	1057	1057	NUM
cblr-14241	181	37	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	38	1065	1065	NUM
cblr-14241	181	39	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	40	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	181	41	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	42	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	181	43	2000	2000	NUM
cblr-14241	181	44	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	45	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	46	noting	note	VERB
cblr-14241	181	47	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	181	48	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	49	[	[	X
cblr-14241	181	50	p]laintiff	p]laintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	51	need	need	AUX
cblr-14241	181	52	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	181	53	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	181	54	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	181	55	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	181	56	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	57	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	181	58	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	181	59	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	181	60	participant	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	61	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	62	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	181	63	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	181	64	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	65	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	181	66	involving	involve	VERB
cblr-14241	181	67	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	181	68	broker	broker	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	69	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	70	dealer	dealer	NOUN
cblr-14241	181	71	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	72	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	181	73	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	182	1	43	43	NUM
cblr-14241	182	2	howard	howard	PROPN
cblr-14241	182	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	182	4	228	228	NUM
cblr-14241	182	5	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	182	6	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	182	7	1065	1065	NUM
cblr-14241	182	8	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	182	9	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	182	10	arthur	arthur	PROPN
cblr-14241	182	11	children	children	PROPN
cblr-14241	182	12	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	182	13	trust	trust	PROPN
cblr-14241	182	14	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	182	15	keim	keim	PROPN
cblr-14241	182	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	182	17	994	994	NUM
cblr-14241	182	18	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	182	19	1390	1390	NUM
cblr-14241	182	20	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	182	21	1398	1398	NUM
cblr-14241	182	22	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	182	23	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	182	24	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	182	25	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	182	26	1993	1993	NUM
cblr-14241	182	27	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	182	28	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	182	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	183	1	44	44	NUM
cblr-14241	184	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	184	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	184	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	184	4	1065	1065	NUM
cblr-14241	184	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	184	6	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	184	7	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	184	8	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	184	9	titan	titan	PROPN
cblr-14241	184	10	capital	capital	PROPN
cblr-14241	184	11	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	184	12	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	184	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	184	14	914	914	NUM
cblr-14241	184	15	f.2d	f.2d	NUM
cblr-14241	184	16	1564	1564	NUM
cblr-14241	184	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	184	18	1575	1575	NUM
cblr-14241	184	19	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	185	1	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	185	2	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	185	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	185	4	although	although	SCONJ
cblr-14241	185	5	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	185	6	entirely	entirely	ADV
cblr-14241	185	7	abandoning	abandon	VERB
cblr-14241	185	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	185	9	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	185	10	element	element	NOUN
cblr-14241	185	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	185	12	shifted	shift	VERB
cblr-14241	185	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	185	14	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	185	15	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	185	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	185	17	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	185	18	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	185	19	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	185	20	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	185	21	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	185	22	she	she	PRON
cblr-14241	185	23	acted	act	VERB
cblr-14241	185	24	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	185	25	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	185	26	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	185	27	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	185	28	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	185	29	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	185	30	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	185	31	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	185	32	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	185	33	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	185	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	185	35	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	185	36	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	185	37	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	185	38	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	185	39	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	185	40	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	185	41	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	186	1	45	45	NUM
cblr-14241	186	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	186	3	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	186	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	186	5	914	914	NUM
cblr-14241	186	6	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	186	7	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	186	8	1575	1575	NUM
cblr-14241	186	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	186	10	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	186	11	t]oday	t]oday	PROPN
cblr-14241	186	12	we	we	PRON
cblr-14241	186	13	return	return	VERB
cblr-14241	186	14	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	186	15	what	what	PRON
cblr-14241	186	16	had	have	AUX
cblr-14241	186	17	once	once	ADV
cblr-14241	186	18	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	186	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	186	20	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	186	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	186	22	our	our	PRON
cblr-14241	186	23	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	186	24	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	186	25	namely	namely	ADV
cblr-14241	186	26	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	186	27	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	186	28	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	186	29	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	186	30	requires	require	VERB
cblr-14241	186	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	186	32	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	186	33	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	186	34	prove	prove	VERB
cblr-14241	186	35	his	his	PRON
cblr-14241	186	36	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	186	37	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	186	38	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	186	39	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	186	40	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	186	41	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	187	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	187	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	188	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	188	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	188	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	188	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	188	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	188	6	887	887	NUM
cblr-14241	188	7	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	188	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	188	9	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	188	10	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	188	11	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	188	12	established	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	188	13	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	188	14	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	188	15	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	188	16	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	188	17	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	188	18	based	base	VERB
cblr-14241	188	19	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	188	20	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	188	21	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	188	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	188	23	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	188	24	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	188	25	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	188	26	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	188	27	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	188	28	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	188	29	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	188	30	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	188	31	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	188	32	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	188	33	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	188	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	188	35	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	188	36	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	188	37	bears	bear	VERB
cblr-14241	188	38	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	188	39	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	188	40	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	188	41	proof	proof	NOUN
cblr-14241	188	42	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	188	43	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	188	44	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	188	45	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	188	46	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	188	47	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	188	48	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	189	1	”46	”46	VERB
cblr-14241	189	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	189	3	most	most	ADV
cblr-14241	189	4	significant	significant	ADJ
cblr-14241	189	5	difference	difference	NOUN
cblr-14241	189	6	here	here	ADV
cblr-14241	189	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	189	8	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	189	9	compared	compare	VERB
cblr-14241	189	10	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	189	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	189	12	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	189	13	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	189	14	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	189	15	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	189	16	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	189	17	without	without	ADP
cblr-14241	189	18	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	189	19	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	189	20	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	189	21	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	189	22	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	189	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	189	24	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	189	25	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	189	26	proof	proof	NOUN
cblr-14241	189	27	falls	fall	VERB
cblr-14241	189	28	squarely	squarely	ADV
cblr-14241	189	29	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	189	30	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	189	31	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	189	32	without	without	ADP
cblr-14241	189	33	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	189	34	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	189	35	first	first	ADV
cblr-14241	189	36	needing	need	VERB
cblr-14241	189	37	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	189	38	prove	prove	VERB
cblr-14241	189	39	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	189	40	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	189	41	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	189	42	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	189	43	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	189	44	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	189	45	participant	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	189	46	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	189	47	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	189	48	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	189	49	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	189	50	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	190	1	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	2	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	190	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	190	4	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	190	5	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	6	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	190	7	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	190	8	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	190	9	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	190	10	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	190	11	[	[	X
cblr-14241	190	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	190	13	goodfaith	goodfaith	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	14	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	190	15	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	16	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	190	17	unavailable	unavailable	ADJ
cblr-14241	190	18	even	even	ADV
cblr-14241	190	19	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	190	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	190	21	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	22	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	190	23	induced	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	190	24	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	190	25	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	26	believed	believe	VERB
cblr-14241	190	27	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	190	28	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	190	29	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	30	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	190	31	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	190	32	were	be	AUX
cblr-14241	190	33	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	190	34	perpetrating	perpetrate	VERB
cblr-14241	190	35	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	190	36	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	37	[	[	X
cblr-14241	190	38	]	]	X
cblr-14241	190	39	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	190	40	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	190	41	thereby	thereby	ADV
cblr-14241	190	42	signaling	signal	VERB
cblr-14241	190	43	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	190	44	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	190	45	controlling	controlling	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	46	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	47	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	190	48	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	190	49	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	190	50	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	190	51	obligation	obligation	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	52	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	190	53	ensure	ensure	VERB
cblr-14241	190	54	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	190	55	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	190	56	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	190	57	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	190	58	inadvertently	inadvertently	ADV
cblr-14241	190	59	participating	participate	VERB
cblr-14241	190	60	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	190	61	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
cblr-14241	190	62	conduct.47	conduct.47	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	63	part	part	PROPN
cblr-14241	190	64	ii	ii	PROPN
cblr-14241	190	65	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	190	66	order	order	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	67	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	190	68	understand	understand	VERB
cblr-14241	190	69	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	70	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	190	71	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	190	72	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	190	73	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	190	74	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	75	imposed	impose	VERB
cblr-14241	190	76	upon	upon	SCONJ
cblr-14241	190	77	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	78	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	190	79	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	80	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	190	81	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	190	82	different	different	ADJ
cblr-14241	190	83	jurisdictions	jurisdiction	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	84	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	190	85	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	190	86	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	190	87	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	190	88	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	190	89	understand	understand	VERB
cblr-14241	190	90	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	190	91	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	190	92	history	history	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	93	surrounding	surround	VERB
cblr-14241	190	94	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	190	95	adoption	adoption	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	96	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	190	97	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	190	98	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	190	99	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	190	100	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	191	1	likewise	likewise	ADV
cblr-14241	191	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	191	3	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	191	4	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	191	5	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	191	6	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	191	7	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	191	8	understand	understand	VERB
cblr-14241	191	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	191	10	arguments	argument	NOUN
cblr-14241	191	11	made	make	VERB
cblr-14241	191	12	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	191	13	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	191	14	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	191	15	addressing	address	VERB
cblr-14241	191	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	191	17	most	most	ADV
cblr-14241	191	18	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	191	19	questions	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	191	20	surrounding	surround	VERB
cblr-14241	191	21	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	191	22	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	191	23	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	191	24	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	191	25	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	192	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	192	2	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	192	3	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	192	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	192	5	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	192	6	first	first	ADV
cblr-14241	192	7	discuss	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	192	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	192	9	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	192	10	history	history	NOUN
cblr-14241	192	11	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	192	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	192	13	purpose	purpose	NOUN
cblr-14241	192	14	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	192	15	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	192	16	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	192	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	192	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	193	1	then	then	ADV
cblr-14241	193	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	193	3	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	193	4	discuss	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	193	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	193	6	relevant	relevant	ADJ
cblr-14241	193	7	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	193	8	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	193	9	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	193	10	greater	great	ADJ
cblr-14241	193	11	detail	detail	NOUN
cblr-14241	193	12	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	193	13	analyze	analyze	VERB
cblr-14241	193	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	193	15	arguments	argument	NOUN
cblr-14241	193	16	put	put	VERB
cblr-14241	193	17	forth	forth	ADP
cblr-14241	193	18	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	193	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	193	20	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	193	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	194	1	finally	finally	ADV
cblr-14241	194	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	194	3	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	194	4	discuss	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	194	5	another	another	DET
cblr-14241	194	6	aspect	aspect	NOUN
cblr-14241	194	7	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	194	8	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	194	9	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	194	10	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	194	11	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	194	12	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	194	13	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	194	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	194	15	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	194	16	circuits	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	194	17	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	194	18	set	set	VERB
cblr-14241	194	19	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	194	20	making	make	VERB
cblr-14241	194	21	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	194	22	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	194	23	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	194	24	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	194	25	impose	impose	VERB
cblr-14241	194	26	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	194	27	sort	sort	NOUN
cblr-14241	194	28	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	194	29	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	194	30	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	194	31	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	194	32	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	194	33	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	194	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	194	35	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	194	36	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	194	37	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	194	38	parties	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	194	39	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	194	40	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	194	41	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	194	42	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	195	1	a.	a.	NOUN
cblr-14241	195	2	critical	critical	ADJ
cblr-14241	195	3	examination	examination	NOUN
cblr-14241	195	4	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	195	5	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	195	6	history	history	NOUN
cblr-14241	195	7	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	195	8	text	text	NOUN
cblr-14241	195	9	46	46	NUM
cblr-14241	196	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	196	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	196	3	47	47	NUM
cblr-14241	196	4	s.e.c	s.e.c	NOUN
cblr-14241	196	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	197	1	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	197	2	todd	todd	NOUN
cblr-14241	197	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	197	4	642	642	NUM
cblr-14241	197	5	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	197	6	1207	1207	NUM
cblr-14241	197	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	197	8	1224	1224	NUM
cblr-14241	197	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	197	10	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	197	11	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	197	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	197	13	2011	2011	NUM
cblr-14241	197	14	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	197	15	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	197	16	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	197	17	nordstrom	nordstrom	PROPN
cblr-14241	197	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	197	19	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	197	20	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	198	1	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	198	2	chubb	chubb	PROPN
cblr-14241	198	3	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	198	4	son	son	PROPN
cblr-14241	198	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	198	6	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	198	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	198	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	198	9	54	54	NUM
cblr-14241	198	10	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	198	11	1424	1424	NUM
cblr-14241	198	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	198	13	1434	1434	NUM
cblr-14241	198	14	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	198	15	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	198	16	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	198	17	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	198	18	1995	1995	NUM
cblr-14241	198	19	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	198	20	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	198	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	199	1	888	888	NUM
cblr-14241	199	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	199	3	business	business	PROPN
cblr-14241	199	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	199	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	199	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	199	7	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	199	8	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	199	9	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	199	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	199	11	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	199	12	history	history	NOUN
cblr-14241	199	13	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	199	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	199	15	intent	intent	NOUN
cblr-14241	199	16	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	199	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	199	18	drafters	drafter	NOUN
cblr-14241	199	19	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	199	20	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	199	21	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	199	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	199	23	offer	offer	VERB
cblr-14241	199	24	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	199	25	insight	insight	NOUN
cblr-14241	199	26	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	199	27	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	199	28	how	how	SCONJ
cblr-14241	199	29	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	199	30	provisions	provision	NOUN
cblr-14241	199	31	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	199	32	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	199	33	interpreted	interpret	VERB
cblr-14241	199	34	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	199	35	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	199	36	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	200	1	thomas	thomas	PROPN
cblr-14241	200	2	g.	g.	PROPN
cblr-14241	200	3	corcoran	corcoran	PROPN
cblr-14241	200	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	200	5	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	200	6	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	200	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	200	8	principal	principal	ADJ
cblr-14241	200	9	architects	architect	NOUN
cblr-14241	200	10	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	200	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	200	12	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	200	13	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	200	14	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	200	15	stated	state	VERB
cblr-14241	200	16	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	200	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	200	18	purpose	purpose	NOUN
cblr-14241	200	19	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	200	20	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	200	21	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	200	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	200	23	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	200	24	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	200	25	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	200	26	prevent	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	200	27	evasion	evasion	NOUN
cblr-14241	200	28	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	200	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	200	30	provisions	provision	NOUN
cblr-14241	200	31	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	200	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	200	33	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	200	34	[	[	X
cblr-14241	200	35	claimed	claim	VERB
cblr-14241	200	36	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	200	37	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	200	38	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	200	39	violated	violate	VERB
cblr-14241	200	40	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	200	41	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	200	42	organizing	organize	VERB
cblr-14241	200	43	dummies	dummy	NOUN
cblr-14241	200	44	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	200	45	will	will	AUX
cblr-14241	200	46	undertake	undertake	VERB
cblr-14241	200	47	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	200	48	actual	actual	ADJ
cblr-14241	200	49	things	thing	NOUN
cblr-14241	200	50	forbidden	forbid	VERB
cblr-14241	200	51	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	200	52	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	200	53	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	200	54	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	201	1	”48	”48	PROPN
cblr-14241	201	2	thus	thus	ADV
cblr-14241	201	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	201	4	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	201	5	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	201	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	201	7	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	201	8	motivations	motivation	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	9	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	201	10	drafting	drafting	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	11	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	12	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	201	13	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	201	14	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	201	15	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	201	16	prevent	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	201	17	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	201	18	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	19	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	201	20	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	21	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	201	22	using	use	VERB
cblr-14241	201	23	employees	employee	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	24	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	201	25	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	201	26	people	people	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	27	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	201	28	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	201	29	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	30	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	201	31	undertake	undertake	VERB
cblr-14241	201	32	prohibited	prohibit	VERB
cblr-14241	201	33	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	34	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	201	35	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	36	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	201	37	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	201	38	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	39	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	40	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	201	41	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	201	42	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	201	43	themselves	themselves	PRON
cblr-14241	201	44	remain	remain	VERB
cblr-14241	201	45	free	free	ADJ
cblr-14241	201	46	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	201	47	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	201	48	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	202	1	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	202	2	overarching	overarching	ADJ
cblr-14241	202	3	goal	goal	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	4	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	202	5	preventing	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	202	6	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	202	7	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	8	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	202	9	using	use	VERB
cblr-14241	202	10	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	202	11	dummies	dummy	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	12	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	202	13	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	202	14	carry	carry	VERB
cblr-14241	202	15	out	out	ADP
cblr-14241	202	16	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	202	17	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	18	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	202	19	avoiding	avoid	VERB
cblr-14241	202	20	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	202	21	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	22	themselves	themselves	PRON
cblr-14241	202	23	explains	explain	VERB
cblr-14241	202	24	judicial	judicial	ADJ
cblr-14241	202	25	interpretations	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	26	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	202	27	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	28	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	29	status	status	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	30	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	202	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	202	32	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	33	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	202	34	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	202	35	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	36	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	202	37	limits	limit	VERB
cblr-14241	202	38	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	202	39	possibility	possibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	40	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	202	41	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	202	42	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	43	successfully	successfully	ADV
cblr-14241	202	44	evading	evade	VERB
cblr-14241	202	45	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	46	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	202	47	engaged	engage	VERB
cblr-14241	202	48	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	202	49	such	such	DET
cblr-14241	202	50	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	202	51	scheme	scheme	NOUN
cblr-14241	202	52	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	203	1	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	203	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	203	3	text	text	NOUN
cblr-14241	203	4	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	203	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	203	6	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	203	7	itself	itself	PRON
cblr-14241	203	8	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	203	9	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	203	10	provide	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	203	11	direct	direct	ADJ
cblr-14241	203	12	instructions	instruction	NOUN
cblr-14241	203	13	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	203	14	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	203	15	how	how	SCONJ
cblr-14241	203	16	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	203	17	resolve	resolve	VERB
cblr-14241	203	18	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	203	19	questions	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	203	20	raised	raise	VERB
cblr-14241	203	21	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	203	22	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	203	23	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	203	24	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	203	25	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	203	26	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	203	27	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	203	28	offer	offer	VERB
cblr-14241	203	29	hints	hint	NOUN
cblr-14241	203	30	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	204	1	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	204	2	particular	particular	ADJ
cblr-14241	204	3	example	example	NOUN
cblr-14241	204	4	concerns	concern	VERB
cblr-14241	204	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	204	6	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	204	7	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	204	8	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	204	9	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	204	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	204	11	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	204	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	204	13	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	204	14	provides	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	204	15	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	204	16	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	204	17	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	204	18	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	204	19	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	204	20	provided	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	204	21	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	204	22	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	204	23	acted	act	VERB
cblr-14241	204	24	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	204	25	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	204	26	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	204	27	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	204	28	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	204	29	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	204	30	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	204	31	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	204	32	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	204	33	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	204	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	204	35	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	204	36	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	204	37	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	204	38	constituting	constitute	VERB
cblr-14241	204	39	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	204	40	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	204	41	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	204	42	cause	cause	NOUN
cblr-14241	204	43	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	204	44	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	204	45	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	205	1	”49	”49	ADP
cblr-14241	205	2	this	this	PRON
cblr-14241	205	3	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	205	4	noteworthy	noteworthy	ADJ
cblr-14241	205	5	because	because	SCONJ
cblr-14241	205	6	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	205	7	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	205	8	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	205	9	broad	broad	ADJ
cblr-14241	205	10	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	205	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	205	12	suitable	suitable	ADJ
cblr-14241	205	13	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	205	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	205	15	broad	broad	ADJ
cblr-14241	205	16	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	205	17	imposed	impose	VERB
cblr-14241	205	18	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	205	19	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	205	20	20(a).50	20(a).50	NUM
cblr-14241	205	21	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	205	22	broad	broad	ADJ
cblr-14241	205	23	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	205	24	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	205	25	fits	fit	VERB
cblr-14241	205	26	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	205	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	205	28	notion	notion	NOUN
cblr-14241	205	29	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	205	30	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	205	31	48	48	NUM
cblr-14241	205	32	lowenfels	lowenfel	NOUN
cblr-14241	205	33	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	205	34	bromberg	bromberg	PROPN
cblr-14241	205	35	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	205	36	supra	supra	PROPN
cblr-14241	205	37	note	note	PROPN
cblr-14241	205	38	26	26	NUM
cblr-14241	205	39	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	205	40	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	205	41	7	7	NUM
cblr-14241	205	42	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	205	43	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	205	44	stock	stock	NOUN
cblr-14241	205	45	exchange	exchange	NOUN
cblr-14241	205	46	practices	practice	NOUN
cblr-14241	205	47	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	205	48	hearings	hearing	NOUN
cblr-14241	205	49	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	205	50	s.res	s.re	NOUN
cblr-14241	205	51	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	206	1	84	84	NUM
cblr-14241	206	2	s.	s.	PROPN
cblr-14241	206	3	res	res	PROPN
cblr-14241	206	4	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	206	5	56	56	NUM
cblr-14241	206	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	206	7	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	206	8	s.	s.	PROPN
cblr-14241	206	9	res	res	PROPN
cblr-14241	206	10	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	206	11	97	97	NUM
cblr-14241	206	12	before	before	ADP
cblr-14241	206	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	206	14	s.	s.	PROPN
cblr-14241	206	15	comm	comm	NOUN
cblr-14241	206	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	207	1	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	207	2	banking	banking	NOUN
cblr-14241	207	3	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	207	4	currency	currency	NOUN
cblr-14241	207	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	207	6	73d	73d	NOUN
cblr-14241	207	7	cong	cong	VERB
cblr-14241	207	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	208	1	657	657	NUM
cblr-14241	208	2	-	-	SYM
cblr-14241	208	3	1	1	NUM
cblr-14241	208	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	208	5	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	208	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	208	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	208	8	statement	statement	NOUN
cblr-14241	208	9	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	208	10	thomas	thomas	PROPN
cblr-14241	208	11	g.	g.	PROPN
cblr-14241	208	12	corcoran	corcoran	PROPN
cblr-14241	208	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	208	14	office	office	NOUN
cblr-14241	208	15	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	208	16	counsel	counsel	NOUN
cblr-14241	208	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	208	18	reconstruction	reconstruction	NOUN
cblr-14241	208	19	finance	finance	NOUN
cblr-14241	208	20	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cblr-14241	208	21	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	208	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	208	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	209	1	49	49	NUM
cblr-14241	209	2	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	209	3	u.s.c	u.s.c	NOUN
cblr-14241	209	4	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	210	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	210	2	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	210	3	t.	t.	NOUN
cblr-14241	210	4	50	50	NUM
cblr-14241	210	5	see	see	NOUN
cblr-14241	210	6	lowenfels	lowenfel	NOUN
cblr-14241	210	7	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	210	8	bromberg	bromberg	PROPN
cblr-14241	210	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	210	10	supra	supra	PROPN
cblr-14241	210	11	note	note	PROPN
cblr-14241	210	12	26	26	NUM
cblr-14241	210	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	210	14	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	210	15	6	6	NUM
cblr-14241	210	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	211	1	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	211	2	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	211	3	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	211	4	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	211	5	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	211	6	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	211	7	note	note	VERB
cblr-14241	211	8	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	211	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	211	10	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	211	11	broadly	broadly	ADV
cblr-14241	211	12	worded	word	VERB
cblr-14241	211	13	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	14	parameters	parameter	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	15	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	211	16	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	17	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	211	18	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	211	19	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	211	20	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	211	21	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	211	22	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	211	23	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	211	24	provision	provision	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	25	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	211	26	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	211	27	chapter	chapter	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	28	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	211	29	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	211	30	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	211	31	rule	rule	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	32	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	211	33	regulation	regulation	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	34	thereunder	thereunder	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	35	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	211	36	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	211	37	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	211	38	engendered	engender	VERB
cblr-14241	211	39	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	211	40	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	211	41	broadly	broadly	ADV
cblr-14241	211	42	worded	word	VERB
cblr-14241	211	43	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	44	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	211	45	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	211	46	acted	act	VERB
cblr-14241	211	47	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	211	48	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	211	49	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	50	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	211	51	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	211	52	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	211	53	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	211	54	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	211	55	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	211	56	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	211	57	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	211	58	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	59	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	211	60	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	61	constituting	constitute	VERB
cblr-14241	211	62	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	211	63	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	64	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	211	65	cause	cause	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	66	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	211	67	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	211	68	[	[	X
cblr-14241	211	69	.	.	X
cblr-14241	211	70	]	]	X
cblr-14241	211	71	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	211	72	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	211	73	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	212	1	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	212	2	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	212	3	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	212	4	u.s.c	u.s.c	ADJ
cblr-14241	212	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	213	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	213	2	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	213	3	t	t	NOUN
cblr-14241	213	4	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	213	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	214	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	214	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	215	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	215	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	215	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	215	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	215	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	215	6	889	889	NUM
cblr-14241	215	7	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	215	8	interpret	interpret	VERB
cblr-14241	215	9	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	215	10	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	215	11	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	215	12	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	215	13	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	215	14	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	215	15	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	215	16	friendly	friendly	ADJ
cblr-14241	215	17	manner	manner	NOUN
cblr-14241	215	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	216	1	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	216	2	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	216	3	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	4	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	216	5	concerned	concern	VERB
cblr-14241	216	6	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	216	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	216	8	possibility	possibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	9	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	216	10	dropping	drop	VERB
cblr-14241	216	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	216	12	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	216	13	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	14	pleading	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	216	15	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	16	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	216	17	ensnare	ensnare	VERB
cblr-14241	216	18	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	19	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	216	20	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	21	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	216	22	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	216	23	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	216	24	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	216	25	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	216	26	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	216	27	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	216	28	then	then	ADV
cblr-14241	216	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	216	30	robust	robust	ADJ
cblr-14241	216	31	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	216	32	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	33	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	34	offered	offer	VERB
cblr-14241	216	35	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	216	36	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	216	37	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	38	serves	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	216	39	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	216	40	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	216	41	adequate	adequate	ADJ
cblr-14241	216	42	protection	protection	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	43	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	216	44	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	216	45	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	46	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	216	47	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	216	48	instances.51	instances.51	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	49	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	216	50	follows	follow	VERB
cblr-14241	216	51	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	216	52	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	216	53	only	only	ADJ
cblr-14241	216	54	function	function	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	55	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	216	56	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	216	57	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	58	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	59	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	216	60	serve	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	216	61	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	216	62	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	216	63	allow	allow	VERB
cblr-14241	216	64	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	65	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	216	66	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	216	67	indeed	indeed	ADV
cblr-14241	216	68	use	use	VERB
cblr-14241	216	69	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	216	70	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	71	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	216	72	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	216	73	dummies	dummy	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	74	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	216	75	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	216	76	engage	engage	VERB
cblr-14241	216	77	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	216	78	wrongful	wrongful	ADJ
cblr-14241	216	79	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	80	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	216	81	escape	escape	VERB
cblr-14241	216	82	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	83	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	216	84	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	216	85	defeat	defeat	VERB
cblr-14241	216	86	potentially	potentially	ADV
cblr-14241	216	87	valuable	valuable	ADJ
cblr-14241	216	88	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	89	through	through	ADP
cblr-14241	216	90	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	216	91	motion	motion	NOUN
cblr-14241	216	92	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	216	93	dismiss	dismiss	VERB
cblr-14241	216	94	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	217	1	some	some	PRON
cblr-14241	217	2	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	217	3	argued	argue	VERB
cblr-14241	217	4	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	217	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	217	6	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	217	7	history	history	NOUN
cblr-14241	217	8	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	217	9	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	217	10	support	support	VERB
cblr-14241	217	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	217	12	idea	idea	NOUN
cblr-14241	217	13	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	217	14	congress	congress	PROPN
cblr-14241	217	15	intended	intend	VERB
cblr-14241	217	16	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	217	17	implement	implement	VERB
cblr-14241	217	18	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	217	19	strict	strict	ADJ
cblr-14241	217	20	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	217	21	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	217	22	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	217	23	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	217	24	20(a).52	20(a).52	NUM
cblr-14241	217	25	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	217	26	this	this	PRON
cblr-14241	217	27	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	217	28	likely	likely	ADV
cblr-14241	217	29	true	true	ADJ
cblr-14241	217	30	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	217	31	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	217	32	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	217	33	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	217	34	negate	negate	VERB
cblr-14241	217	35	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	217	36	expansive	expansive	ADJ
cblr-14241	217	37	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	217	38	intended	intend	VERB
cblr-14241	217	39	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	217	40	congress	congress	PROPN
cblr-14241	217	41	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	217	42	nor	nor	CCONJ
cblr-14241	217	43	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	217	44	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	217	45	necessitate	necessitate	VERB
cblr-14241	217	46	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	217	47	implementation	implementation	NOUN
cblr-14241	217	48	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	217	49	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	217	50	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	217	51	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	217	52	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	217	53	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	218	1	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	218	2	discussed	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	218	3	previously	previously	ADV
cblr-14241	218	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	218	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	218	6	existence	existence	NOUN
cblr-14241	218	7	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	218	8	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	218	9	affirmative	affirmative	ADJ
cblr-14241	218	10	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	218	11	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	218	12	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	218	13	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	218	14	provides	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	218	15	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	218	16	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	218	17	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	218	18	adequate	adequate	ADJ
cblr-14241	218	19	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	218	20	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	218	21	ensures	ensure	VERB
cblr-14241	218	22	that	that	DET
cblr-14241	218	23	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	218	24	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	218	25	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	218	26	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	218	27	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	218	28	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	218	29	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	218	30	fact	fact	NOUN
cblr-14241	218	31	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	218	32	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	218	33	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	218	34	strict	strict	ADJ
cblr-14241	218	35	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	218	36	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	218	37	even	even	ADV
cblr-14241	218	38	without	without	ADP
cblr-14241	218	39	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	218	40	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	218	41	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	218	42	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	218	43	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	219	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	219	2	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	219	3	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	219	4	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	219	5	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	219	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	219	7	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	219	8	intended	intend	VERB
cblr-14241	219	9	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	219	10	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	219	11	expansive	expansive	ADJ
cblr-14241	219	12	reach	reach	NOUN
cblr-14241	219	13	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	219	14	further	far	ADV
cblr-14241	219	15	bolstered	bolster	VERB
cblr-14241	219	16	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	219	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	219	18	wide	wide	ADJ
cblr-14241	219	19	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	219	20	concerning	concern	VERB
cblr-14241	219	21	what	what	PRON
cblr-14241	219	22	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	219	23	means	mean	VERB
cblr-14241	219	24	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	219	25	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	219	26	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	219	27	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	219	28	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	219	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	220	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	220	3	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	4	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	220	5	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	6	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	220	7	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	8	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	9	[	[	X
cblr-14241	220	10	e]very	e]very	ADP
cblr-14241	220	11	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	12	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	220	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	14	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	220	15	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	220	16	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	220	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	18	controls	control	VERB
cblr-14241	220	19	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	220	20	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	21	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	220	22	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	220	23	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	220	24	provision	provision	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	25	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	220	26	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	220	27	chapter	chapter	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	28	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	29	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	220	30	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	220	31	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	220	32	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	220	33	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	220	34	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	220	35	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	36	person.53	person.53	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	37	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	220	38	words	word	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	39	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	40	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	220	41	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	220	42	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	220	43	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	44	lend	lend	VERB
cblr-14241	220	45	support	support	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	46	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	220	47	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	220	48	notion	notion	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	49	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	220	50	51	51	NUM
cblr-14241	220	51	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	220	52	brian	brian	PROPN
cblr-14241	220	53	a.	a.	PROPN
cblr-14241	220	54	melhus	melhus	PROPN
cblr-14241	220	55	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	56	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	57	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	58	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	59	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	60	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	220	61	repudiation	repudiation	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	62	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	220	63	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	220	64	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	65	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	66	37	37	NUM
cblr-14241	220	67	j.	j.	PROPN
cblr-14241	220	68	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	220	69	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	220	70	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	220	71	929	929	NUM
cblr-14241	220	72	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	73	947	947	NUM
cblr-14241	220	74	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	75	2012	2012	NUM
cblr-14241	220	76	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	77	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	78	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	79	[	[	X
cblr-14241	220	80	s]ection	s]ection	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	81	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	220	82	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	83	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	220	84	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cblr-14241	220	85	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	220	86	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	87	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	88	ensures	ensure	VERB
cblr-14241	220	89	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	220	90	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	91	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	92	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	93	will	will	AUX
cblr-14241	220	94	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	220	95	become	become	VERB
cblr-14241	220	96	strict	strict	ADJ
cblr-14241	220	97	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	98	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	220	99	thus	thus	ADV
cblr-14241	220	100	provides	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	220	101	adequate	adequate	ADJ
cblr-14241	220	102	protection	protection	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	103	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	220	104	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	220	105	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	106	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	220	107	rights	right	NOUN
cblr-14241	220	108	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	109	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	110	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	220	111	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	221	1	52	52	NUM
cblr-14241	221	2	lowenfels	lowenfel	NOUN
cblr-14241	221	3	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	221	4	bromberg	bromberg	PROPN
cblr-14241	221	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	221	6	supra	supra	PROPN
cblr-14241	221	7	note	note	PROPN
cblr-14241	221	8	26	26	NUM
cblr-14241	221	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	221	10	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	221	11	8	8	NUM
cblr-14241	221	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	222	1	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	222	2	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	222	3	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	222	4	history	history	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	5	clearly	clearly	ADV
cblr-14241	222	6	supports	support	VERB
cblr-14241	222	7	congressional	congressional	ADJ
cblr-14241	222	8	intent	intent	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	9	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	222	10	enacting	enact	VERB
cblr-14241	222	11	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	12	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	222	13	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	222	14	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	15	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	222	16	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	222	17	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	222	18	reject	reject	VERB
cblr-14241	222	19	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	222	20	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	222	22	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	23	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	222	24	imposes	impose	VERB
cblr-14241	222	25	strict	strict	ADJ
cblr-14241	222	26	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	27	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	222	28	regardless	regardless	ADV
cblr-14241	222	29	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	222	30	personal	personal	ADJ
cblr-14241	222	31	fault	fault	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	32	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	222	33	upon	upon	SCONJ
cblr-14241	222	34	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	222	35	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	36	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	222	37	favor	favor	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	38	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	222	39	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	222	40	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	41	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	222	42	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	222	43	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	222	44	described	describe	VERB
cblr-14241	222	45	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	222	46	fiduciary	fiduciary	ADJ
cblr-14241	222	47	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	222	48	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	222	49	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	222	50	impose	impose	VERB
cblr-14241	222	51	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	52	only	only	ADV
cblr-14241	222	53	upon	upon	SCONJ
cblr-14241	222	54	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	222	55	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	222	56	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	57	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	222	58	breach	breach	VERB
cblr-14241	222	59	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	222	60	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	61	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	222	62	due	due	ADJ
cblr-14241	222	63	care	care	NOUN
cblr-14241	222	64	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	222	65	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	222	66	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	222	67	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	223	1	53	53	NUM
cblr-14241	223	2	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	223	3	u.s.c	u.s.c	NOUN
cblr-14241	223	4	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	224	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	224	2	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	224	3	t.	t.	NOUN
cblr-14241	224	4	890	890	NUM
cblr-14241	224	5	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	224	6	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	224	7	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	224	8	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	224	9	[	[	X
cblr-14241	224	10	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	224	11	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	224	12	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	224	13	congress	congress	PROPN
cblr-14241	224	14	intended	intend	VERB
cblr-14241	224	15	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	224	16	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	224	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	224	18	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	224	19	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	224	20	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	224	21	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	224	22	expansive	expansive	ADJ
cblr-14241	224	23	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	224	24	regime	regime	NOUN
cblr-14241	224	25	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	224	26	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	224	27	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	224	28	allows	allow	VERB
cblr-14241	224	29	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	224	30	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	224	31	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	224	32	only	only	ADV
cblr-14241	224	33	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	224	34	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	224	35	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	224	36	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	224	37	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	224	38	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	224	39	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	224	40	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	224	41	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	224	42	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	225	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	225	2	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	225	3	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	225	4	proposed	propose	VERB
cblr-14241	225	5	definition	definition	NOUN
cblr-14241	225	6	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	225	7	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	225	8	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	225	9	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	225	10	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	225	11	points	point	VERB
cblr-14241	225	12	towards	towards	ADP
cblr-14241	225	13	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	225	14	wider	wide	ADJ
cblr-14241	225	15	net	net	NOUN
cblr-14241	225	16	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	225	17	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	225	18	liability.54	liability.54	PROPN
cblr-14241	225	19	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	225	20	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	225	21	commented	comment	VERB
cblr-14241	225	22	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	225	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	225	24	text	text	NOUN
cblr-14241	225	25	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	225	26	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	225	27	history	history	NOUN
cblr-14241	225	28	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	225	29	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	225	30	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	225	31	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	225	32	as	as	ADV
cblr-14241	225	33	well	well	ADV
cblr-14241	225	34	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	226	2	lanza	lanza	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	3	v.	v.	CCONJ
cblr-14241	226	4	dexel	dexel	PROPN
cblr-14241	226	5	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	226	6	co.	co.	PROPN
cblr-14241	226	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	226	8	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	226	9	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	10	indicated	indicate	VERB
cblr-14241	226	11	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	226	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	226	13	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	14	used	use	VERB
cblr-14241	226	15	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	226	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	226	17	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	18	suggested	suggest	VERB
cblr-14241	226	19	congressional	congressional	ADJ
cblr-14241	226	20	intent	intent	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	21	for	for	SCONJ
cblr-14241	226	22	culpability	culpability	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	23	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	226	24	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	226	25	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	226	26	necessary	necessary	ADJ
cblr-14241	226	27	prerequisite	prerequisite	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	28	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	226	29	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	30	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	226	31	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	32	20(a).55	20(a).55	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	33	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	226	34	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	35	said	say	VERB
cblr-14241	226	36	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	226	37	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	38	[	[	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	39	t]his	t]his	DET
cblr-14241	226	40	intent	intent	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	41	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	226	42	manifested	manifest	VERB
cblr-14241	226	43	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	226	44	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	226	45	constant	constant	ADJ
cblr-14241	226	46	usage	usage	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	47	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	226	48	words	word	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	49	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	226	50	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	226	51	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	52	cunning	cunning	ADJ
cblr-14241	226	53	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	54	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	55	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	56	manipulative	manipulative	ADJ
cblr-14241	226	57	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	58	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	59	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	60	deceptive	deceptive	ADJ
cblr-14241	226	61	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	62	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	63	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	64	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
cblr-14241	226	65	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	66	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	67	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	68	illicit	illicit	ADJ
cblr-14241	226	69	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	70	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	71	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	72	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	73	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	74	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	75	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	226	76	lack	lack	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	77	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	226	78	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	79	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	226	80	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	81	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	82	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	226	83	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	226	84	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	226	85	absence	absence	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	86	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	226	87	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	88	indicating	indicate	VERB
cblr-14241	226	89	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	90	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	226	91	negligent	negligent	ADJ
cblr-14241	226	92	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	226	93	nonnegligent	nonnegligent	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	94	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cblr-14241	226	95	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	227	1	”56	”56	VERB
cblr-14241	227	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	227	3	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	227	4	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	227	5	had	have	VERB
cblr-14241	227	6	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	227	7	different	different	ADJ
cblr-14241	227	8	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	227	9	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	227	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	227	11	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	227	12	history	history	NOUN
cblr-14241	227	13	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	228	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	228	2	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	228	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	228	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	228	5	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	228	6	noted	note	VERB
cblr-14241	228	7	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	228	8	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	228	9	congress	congress	PROPN
cblr-14241	228	10	expanded	expand	VERB
cblr-14241	228	11	upon	upon	SCONJ
cblr-14241	228	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	228	13	common	common	ADJ
cblr-14241	228	14	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	228	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	228	16	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	228	17	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	228	18	doing	do	VERB
cblr-14241	228	19	so	so	ADV
cblr-14241	228	20	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	228	21	created	create	VERB
cblr-14241	228	22	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	228	23	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	228	24	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	228	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	228	26	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	228	27	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	228	28	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	228	29	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	228	30	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	228	31	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	228	32	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	228	33	available	available	ADJ
cblr-14241	228	34	only	only	ADV
cblr-14241	228	35	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	228	36	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	228	37	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	228	38	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	228	39	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	228	40	common	common	ADJ
cblr-14241	228	41	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	228	42	principles	principle	NOUN
cblr-14241	228	43	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	228	44	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cblr-14241	228	45	superior	superior	ADJ
cblr-14241	228	46	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	228	47	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	228	48	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	228	49	faced	face	VERB
cblr-14241	228	50	no	no	DET
cblr-14241	228	51	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	228	52	at	at	ADV
cblr-14241	228	53	all	all	ADV
cblr-14241	228	54	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	229	1	”57	”57	PROPN
cblr-14241	229	2	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	229	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	229	4	even	even	ADV
cblr-14241	229	5	within	within	ADP
cblr-14241	229	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	229	7	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	229	8	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	229	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	229	10	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	229	11	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	229	12	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	229	13	voiced	voice	VERB
cblr-14241	229	14	concerns	concern	NOUN
cblr-14241	229	15	regarding	regard	VERB
cblr-14241	229	16	reconciling	reconcile	VERB
cblr-14241	229	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	229	18	plain	plain	ADJ
cblr-14241	229	19	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	229	20	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	229	21	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	229	22	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	229	23	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	229	24	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	229	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	229	26	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	229	27	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	229	28	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	229	29	imposed	impose	VERB
cblr-14241	229	30	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	229	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	229	32	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	229	33	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	229	34	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	230	1	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	230	2	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	230	3	opined	opine	VERB
cblr-14241	230	4	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	230	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	230	6	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	230	7	plainly	plainly	ADV
cblr-14241	230	8	imposes	impose	VERB
cblr-14241	230	9	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	230	10	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	230	11	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	230	12	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	230	13	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	230	14	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	230	15	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	230	16	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	230	17	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	230	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	230	19	unless	unless	SCONJ
cblr-14241	230	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	230	21	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	230	22	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	230	23	acted	act	VERB
cblr-14241	230	24	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	230	25	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	230	26	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	230	27	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	230	28	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	230	29	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	230	30	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	230	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	230	32	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	230	33	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	231	1	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	231	2	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	231	3	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	231	4	noted	note	VERB
cblr-14241	231	5	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	231	6	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	231	7	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	231	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	231	10	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	231	11	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	12	most	most	ADV
cblr-14241	231	13	consistent	consistent	ADJ
cblr-14241	231	14	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	231	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	231	16	text	text	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	17	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	231	18	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	231	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	231	20	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	21	bears	bear	VERB
cblr-14241	231	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	231	23	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	24	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	231	25	establishing	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	231	26	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	231	27	54	54	NUM
cblr-14241	231	28	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	231	29	addition	addition	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	30	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	231	31	reiterating	reiterate	VERB
cblr-14241	231	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	231	33	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	231	34	direct	direct	ADJ
cblr-14241	231	35	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	231	36	indirect	indirect	ADJ
cblr-14241	231	37	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	231	38	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	39	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	231	40	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	231	41	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	231	42	includes	include	VERB
cblr-14241	231	43	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	231	44	range	range	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	45	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	231	46	possible	possible	ADJ
cblr-14241	231	47	methods	method	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	48	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	231	49	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	50	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	231	51	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	231	52	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	231	53	through	through	ADP
cblr-14241	231	54	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	231	55	ownership	ownership	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	56	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	231	57	voting	vote	VERB
cblr-14241	231	58	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	59	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	231	60	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	231	61	contract	contract	NOUN
cblr-14241	231	62	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	231	63	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	231	64	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
cblr-14241	231	65	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	231	66	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	232	1	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	232	2	17	17	NUM
cblr-14241	232	3	c.f.r	c.f.r	NOUN
cblr-14241	232	4	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	233	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	233	2	230.405	230.405	NUM
cblr-14241	233	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	233	4	55	55	NUM
cblr-14241	233	5	lanza	lanza	NOUN
cblr-14241	233	6	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	233	7	drexel	drexel	PROPN
cblr-14241	233	8	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	233	9	co.	co.	PROPN
cblr-14241	233	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	233	11	479	479	NUM
cblr-14241	233	12	f.2d	f.2d	NUM
cblr-14241	233	13	1277	1277	NUM
cblr-14241	233	14	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	233	15	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	233	16	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	233	17	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	233	18	1973	1973	NUM
cblr-14241	233	19	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	233	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	234	1	56	56	NUM
cblr-14241	235	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	235	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	235	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	235	4	1299	1299	NUM
cblr-14241	235	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	236	1	57	57	NUM
cblr-14241	236	2	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	236	3	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	236	4	titan	titan	PROPN
cblr-14241	236	5	cap	cap	PROPN
cblr-14241	236	6	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	237	1	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	237	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	237	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	237	4	914	914	NUM
cblr-14241	237	5	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	237	6	1564	1564	NUM
cblr-14241	237	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	237	8	1577	1577	NUM
cblr-14241	237	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	237	10	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	237	11	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	237	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	237	13	1990	1990	NUM
cblr-14241	237	14	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	237	15	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	238	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	238	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	239	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	239	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	239	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	239	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	239	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	239	6	891	891	NUM
cblr-14241	239	7	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	239	8	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	239	9	lack	lack	NOUN
cblr-14241	239	10	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	239	11	inducement	inducement	NOUN
cblr-14241	239	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	239	13	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	239	14	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	239	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	239	16	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	239	17	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	239	18	allege	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	239	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	239	20	opposite	opposite	NOUN
cblr-14241	239	21	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	239	22	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	239	23	pleadings	pleading	NOUN
cblr-14241	239	24	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	240	1	”58	”58	PROPN
cblr-14241	240	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	240	3	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	4	went	go	VERB
cblr-14241	240	5	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	240	6	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	240	7	say	say	VERB
cblr-14241	240	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	240	9	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	240	10	whatever	whatever	PRON
cblr-14241	240	11	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	240	12	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	240	13	said	say	VERB
cblr-14241	240	14	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	240	15	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	16	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	17	about	about	ADP
cblr-14241	240	18	reconciling	reconcile	VERB
cblr-14241	240	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	240	20	plain	plain	ADJ
cblr-14241	240	21	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	22	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	240	23	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	24	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	240	25	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	240	26	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	240	27	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	240	28	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	29	that	that	DET
cblr-14241	240	30	scienter	scienter	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	31	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	240	32	pled	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	240	33	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	240	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	240	35	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	240	36	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	37	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	240	38	spoken	speak	VERB
cblr-14241	240	39	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	240	40	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	240	41	imposed	impose	VERB
cblr-14241	240	42	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	240	43	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	240	44	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	240	45	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	46	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	240	47	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	48	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	240	49	make	make	VERB
cblr-14241	240	50	out	out	ADP
cblr-14241	240	51	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	240	52	prima	prima	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	53	facie	facie	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	54	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	240	55	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	240	56	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	240	57	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	240	58	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	241	1	[	[	X
cblr-14241	241	2	u]ntil	u]ntil	ADP
cblr-14241	241	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	241	4	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	241	5	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	6	holds	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	241	7	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
cblr-14241	241	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	241	9	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	241	10	level	level	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	11	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	241	12	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	241	13	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	14	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	241	15	least	least	ADJ
cblr-14241	241	16	approximating	approximate	VERB
cblr-14241	241	17	recklessness	recklessness	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	18	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	241	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	241	20	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	21	10(b	10(b	NUM
cblr-14241	241	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	241	23	context	context	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	24	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	241	25	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	241	26	alleged	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	241	27	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	241	28	state	state	VERB
cblr-14241	241	29	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	241	30	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	31	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	241	32	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	241	33	claim.59	claim.59	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	34	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	241	35	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	241	36	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	241	37	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	38	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	241	39	interpreted	interpret	VERB
cblr-14241	241	40	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	241	41	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cblr-14241	241	42	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	43	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	241	44	evidencing	evidence	VERB
cblr-14241	241	45	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	241	46	intent	intent	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	47	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	241	48	limit	limit	VERB
cblr-14241	241	49	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	50	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	241	51	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	241	52	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	53	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	241	54	cases	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	55	where	where	SCONJ
cblr-14241	241	56	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	241	57	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	58	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	241	59	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	241	60	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	241	61	participant	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	62	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	241	63	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	241	64	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	65	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	241	66	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	241	67	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	241	68	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	69	focused	focus	VERB
cblr-14241	241	70	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	241	71	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	241	72	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	241	73	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	74	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	75	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	241	76	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	241	77	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	78	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	241	79	such	such	DET
cblr-14241	241	80	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	241	81	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	241	82	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	241	83	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	241	84	intended	intend	VERB
cblr-14241	241	85	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	241	86	congress	congress	PROPN
cblr-14241	241	87	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	242	1	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
cblr-14241	242	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	242	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	242	4	dissent	dissent	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	5	within	within	ADP
cblr-14241	242	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	242	7	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	242	8	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	9	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	242	10	some	some	PRON
cblr-14241	242	11	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	242	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	242	13	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	14	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	15	judges	judge	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	16	shows	show	VERB
cblr-14241	242	17	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	242	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	242	19	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	242	20	bound	bind	VERB
cblr-14241	242	21	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	242	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	242	23	decisions	decision	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	24	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	242	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	242	26	appellate	appellate	ADJ
cblr-14241	242	27	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	28	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	242	29	many	many	ADJ
cblr-14241	242	30	judges	judge	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	31	within	within	ADP
cblr-14241	242	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	242	33	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	242	34	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	35	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	242	36	examined	examine	VERB
cblr-14241	242	37	both	both	DET
cblr-14241	242	38	arguments	argument	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	39	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	242	40	lent	lend	VERB
cblr-14241	242	41	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	242	42	support	support	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	43	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	242	44	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	242	45	idea	idea	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	46	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	242	47	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	242	48	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cblr-14241	242	49	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	50	indicates	indicate	VERB
cblr-14241	242	51	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	242	52	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	242	53	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	242	54	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	242	55	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	242	56	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	242	57	required	require	VERB
cblr-14241	242	58	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	243	1	b.	b.	PROPN
cblr-14241	243	2	examination	examination	NOUN
cblr-14241	243	3	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	243	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	243	5	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	243	6	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	243	7	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	243	8	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	243	9	arguments	argument	NOUN
cblr-14241	243	10	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	243	11	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	243	12	foundational	foundational	ADJ
cblr-14241	243	13	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	243	14	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	243	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	243	16	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	243	17	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	243	18	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	243	19	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	243	20	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	243	21	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	243	22	jurisprudence	jurisprudence	NOUN
cblr-14241	243	23	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	243	24	s.e.c	s.e.c	ADJ
cblr-14241	243	25	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	244	1	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	244	2	first	first	PROPN
cblr-14241	244	3	jersey	jersey	PROPN
cblr-14241	244	4	securities	securities	PROPN
cblr-14241	244	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	244	6	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	244	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	244	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	244	9	60	60	NUM
cblr-14241	244	10	decided	decide	VERB
cblr-14241	244	11	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	244	12	1996	1996	NUM
cblr-14241	244	13	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	245	1	there	there	ADV
cblr-14241	245	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	245	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	245	4	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	245	5	confirmed	confirm	VERB
cblr-14241	245	6	earlier	early	ADJ
cblr-14241	245	7	holdings	holding	NOUN
cblr-14241	245	8	stating	state	VERB
cblr-14241	245	9	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	245	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	245	11	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	245	12	addition	addition	NOUN
cblr-14241	245	13	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	245	14	showing	show	VERB
cblr-14241	245	15	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	245	16	primary	primary	ADJ
cblr-14241	245	17	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	245	18	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	245	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	245	20	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	245	21	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	245	22	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	245	23	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	245	24	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	245	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	245	26	violator	violator	NOUN
cblr-14241	245	27	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	245	28	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	245	29	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	245	30	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	245	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	245	32	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	245	33	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	245	34	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	245	35	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	245	36	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	245	37	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	245	38	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	245	39	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	245	40	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	245	41	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	245	42	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
cblr-14241	245	43	sense	sense	NOUN
cblr-14241	245	44	[	[	X
cblr-14241	245	45	a	a	X
cblr-14241	245	46	]	]	X
cblr-14241	245	47	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	245	48	58	58	NUM
cblr-14241	245	49	lapin	lapin	NOUN
cblr-14241	245	50	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	245	51	goldman	goldman	PROPN
cblr-14241	245	52	sachs	sachs	PROPN
cblr-14241	245	53	grp	grp	PROPN
cblr-14241	245	54	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	245	55	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	245	56	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	245	57	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	245	58	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	245	59	506	506	NUM
cblr-14241	245	60	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	245	61	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	245	62	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	246	1	2d	2d	PROPN
cblr-14241	246	2	221	221	NUM
cblr-14241	246	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	246	4	248	248	NUM
cblr-14241	246	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	246	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	246	7	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	246	8	2006	2006	NUM
cblr-14241	246	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	247	1	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	247	2	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	247	3	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	247	4	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	247	5	parmalat	parmalat	PROPN
cblr-14241	247	6	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	247	7	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	247	8	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	247	9	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	248	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	248	2	375	375	NUM
cblr-14241	248	3	f.supp.2d	f.supp.2d	NUM
cblr-14241	248	4	278	278	NUM
cblr-14241	248	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	248	6	308	308	NUM
cblr-14241	248	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	248	8	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	248	9	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	248	10	2005	2005	NUM
cblr-14241	248	11	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	248	12	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	248	13	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	249	1	59	59	NUM
cblr-14241	250	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	250	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	250	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	250	4	248	248	NUM
cblr-14241	250	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	251	1	60	60	NUM
cblr-14241	251	2	s.e.c	s.e.c	NOUN
cblr-14241	251	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	252	1	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	252	2	first	first	PROPN
cblr-14241	252	3	jersey	jersey	PROPN
cblr-14241	252	4	securities	securities	PROPN
cblr-14241	252	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	252	6	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	252	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	252	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	252	9	101	101	NUM
cblr-14241	252	10	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	252	11	1450	1450	NUM
cblr-14241	252	12	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	252	13	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	252	14	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	252	15	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	252	16	1996	1996	NUM
cblr-14241	252	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	252	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	253	1	892	892	NUM
cblr-14241	253	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	253	3	business	business	PROPN
cblr-14241	253	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	253	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	254	1	[	[	X
cblr-14241	254	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	254	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	254	4	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	254	5	participant	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	254	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	254	7	]	]	X
cblr-14241	254	8	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	254	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	254	10	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	254	11	perpetrated	perpetrate	VERB
cblr-14241	254	12	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	254	13	[	[	X
cblr-14241	254	14	the	the	X
cblr-14241	254	15	]	]	X
cblr-14241	254	16	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	254	17	person[.]”61	person[.]”61	NOUN
cblr-14241	254	18	after	after	SCONJ
cblr-14241	254	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	254	20	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	254	21	successfully	successfully	ADV
cblr-14241	254	22	makes	make	VERB
cblr-14241	254	23	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	254	24	showing	showing	NOUN
cblr-14241	254	25	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	254	26	all	all	DET
cblr-14241	254	27	three	three	NUM
cblr-14241	254	28	prongs	prong	NOUN
cblr-14241	254	29	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	254	30	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	254	31	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	254	32	shifts	shift	NOUN
cblr-14241	254	33	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	254	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	254	35	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	254	36	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	254	37	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	254	38	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	254	39	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	254	40	acted	act	VERB
cblr-14241	254	41	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	254	42	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	254	43	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	254	44	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	255	1	here	here	ADV
cblr-14241	255	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	255	3	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	4	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	255	5	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	255	6	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	255	7	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	255	8	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	255	9	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	255	10	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	255	11	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	255	12	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	255	13	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	255	14	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	255	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	255	16	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	17	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	255	18	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	19	constituting	constitute	VERB
cblr-14241	255	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	255	21	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	22	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	255	23	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	255	24	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	255	25	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	255	26	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	255	27	exercised	exercise	VERB
cblr-14241	255	28	due	due	ADJ
cblr-14241	255	29	care	care	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	30	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	255	31	[	[	X
cblr-14241	255	32	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	255	33	]	]	X
cblr-14241	255	34	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	35	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	255	36	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	255	37	violator	violator	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	38	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	255	39	activities	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	40	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	255	41	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	255	42	[	[	X
cblr-14241	255	43	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	255	44	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	255	45	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	255	46	maintained	maintain	VERB
cblr-14241	255	47	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	255	48	enforced	enforce	VERB
cblr-14241	255	49	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	255	50	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cblr-14241	255	51	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	255	52	proper	proper	ADJ
cblr-14241	255	53	system	system	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	54	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	255	55	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	56	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	255	57	internal	internal	ADJ
cblr-14241	255	58	control[s].’”62	control[s].’”62	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	59	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	255	60	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	61	analyzed	analyze	VERB
cblr-14241	255	62	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	255	63	efforts	effort	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	64	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	255	65	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	255	66	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	67	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	255	68	ensure	ensure	VERB
cblr-14241	255	69	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	70	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	255	71	rules	rule	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	72	implemented	implement	VERB
cblr-14241	255	73	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	255	74	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	255	75	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	255	76	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	255	77	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	255	78	national	national	PROPN
cblr-14241	255	79	association	association	PROPN
cblr-14241	255	80	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	255	81	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	82	dealers	dealer	NOUN
cblr-14241	255	83	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	256	1	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	256	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	256	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	256	4	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	256	5	found	find	VERB
cblr-14241	256	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	256	7	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	256	8	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	256	9	efforts	effort	NOUN
cblr-14241	256	10	lacking	lack	VERB
cblr-14241	256	11	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	256	12	agreed	agree	VERB
cblr-14241	256	13	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	256	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	256	15	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	256	16	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	256	17	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	256	18	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cblr-14241	256	19	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	256	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	256	21	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	256	22	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	256	23	efforts	effort	NOUN
cblr-14241	256	24	were	be	AUX
cblr-14241	256	25	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	256	26	cosmetic	cosmetic	ADJ
cblr-14241	256	27	than	than	ADP
cblr-14241	256	28	real	real	ADJ
cblr-14241	256	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	257	1	”63	”63	NOUN
cblr-14241	257	2	given	give	VERB
cblr-14241	257	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	257	4	ability	ability	NOUN
cblr-14241	257	5	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	257	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	257	7	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	257	8	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	257	9	protect	protect	VERB
cblr-14241	257	10	themselves	themselves	PRON
cblr-14241	257	11	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	257	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	257	13	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	257	14	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	257	15	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	257	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	257	17	one	one	PRON
cblr-14241	257	18	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	257	19	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	257	20	justified	justify	VERB
cblr-14241	257	21	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	257	22	seeing	see	VERB
cblr-14241	257	23	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	257	24	as	as	ADV
cblr-14241	257	25	redundant	redundant	ADJ
cblr-14241	257	26	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	257	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	257	28	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	257	29	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	257	30	shares	share	VERB
cblr-14241	257	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	257	32	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	257	33	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	257	34	proof	proof	NOUN
cblr-14241	257	35	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	257	36	showing	show	VERB
cblr-14241	257	37	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	257	38	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	257	39	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	258	1	just	just	ADV
cblr-14241	258	2	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	258	3	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	4	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	5	within	within	ADP
cblr-14241	258	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	258	7	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	258	8	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	9	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	258	10	pointed	point	VERB
cblr-14241	258	11	out	out	ADP
cblr-14241	258	12	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	258	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	258	14	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	258	15	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	16	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	17	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	258	18	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	258	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	258	20	most	most	ADV
cblr-14241	258	21	consistent	consistent	ADJ
cblr-14241	258	22	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	258	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	258	24	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cblr-14241	258	25	text	text	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	26	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	258	27	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	258	28	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	258	29	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	258	30	criticized	criticize	VERB
cblr-14241	258	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	258	32	fact	fact	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	33	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	258	34	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	258	35	although	although	SCONJ
cblr-14241	258	36	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	258	37	requiring	require	VERB
cblr-14241	258	38	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	258	39	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	40	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	258	41	plead	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	258	42	culpability	culpability	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	43	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	258	44	[	[	X
cblr-14241	258	45	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	258	46	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	258	47	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	258	48	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	258	49	same	same	ADJ
cblr-14241	258	50	time	time	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	51	requiring	require	VERB
cblr-14241	258	52	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	258	53	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	54	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	258	55	prove	prove	VERB
cblr-14241	258	56	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	258	57	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	58	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	258	59	trial	trial	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	60	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	258	61	engenders	engender	VERB
cblr-14241	258	62	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	258	63	awkward	awkward	ADJ
cblr-14241	258	64	allocation	allocation	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	65	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	258	66	pleading	pleading	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	67	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	258	68	proof	proof	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	69	whereby	whereby	SCONJ
cblr-14241	258	70	both	both	DET
cblr-14241	258	71	parties	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	72	bear	bear	VERB
cblr-14241	258	73	burdens	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	74	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	258	75	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	258	76	same	same	ADJ
cblr-14241	258	77	issue	issue	NOUN
cblr-14241	258	78	[	[	X
cblr-14241	258	79	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	258	80	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	258	81	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	258	82	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	258	83	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	259	1	[	[	X
cblr-14241	259	2	n]othing	n]othing	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	3	precludes	preclude	VERB
cblr-14241	259	4	such	such	DET
cblr-14241	259	5	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	259	6	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	7	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	259	8	shifting	shift	VERB
cblr-14241	259	9	scheme[.]’”64	scheme[.]’”64	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	10	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	259	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	259	12	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	13	needs	need	VERB
cblr-14241	259	14	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	259	15	make	make	VERB
cblr-14241	259	16	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	259	17	showing	showing	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	18	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	259	19	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	259	20	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	21	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	259	22	pleading	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	259	23	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	259	24	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	259	25	initial	initial	ADJ
cblr-14241	259	26	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	27	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	259	28	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	259	29	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	30	shifting	shift	VERB
cblr-14241	259	31	regime	regime	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	32	starts	start	VERB
cblr-14241	259	33	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	259	34	said	say	VERB
cblr-14241	259	35	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	36	before	before	ADP
cblr-14241	259	37	shifting	shift	VERB
cblr-14241	259	38	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	259	39	defendant	defendant	VERB
cblr-14241	259	40	61	61	NUM
cblr-14241	259	41	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	259	42	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	259	43	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	259	44	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	259	45	1472	1472	NUM
cblr-14241	259	46	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	259	47	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	259	48	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	49	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	259	50	1996	1996	NUM
cblr-14241	259	51	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	259	52	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	259	53	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	259	54	gordon	gordon	PROPN
cblr-14241	259	55	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	259	56	burr	burr	PROPN
cblr-14241	259	57	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	259	58	506	506	NUM
cblr-14241	259	59	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	60	1080	1080	NUM
cblr-14241	259	61	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	259	62	1085	1085	NUM
cblr-14241	259	63	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	259	64	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	259	65	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	259	66	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	259	67	1974	1974	NUM
cblr-14241	259	68	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	259	69	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	259	70	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	260	1	62	62	NUM
cblr-14241	260	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	260	3	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	260	4	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	260	5	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	260	6	1473	1473	NUM
cblr-14241	260	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	260	8	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	260	9	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	260	10	u.s.c	u.s.c	ADJ
cblr-14241	260	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	261	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	261	2	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	261	3	t	t	NOUN
cblr-14241	261	4	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	261	5	marbury	marbury	PROPN
cblr-14241	261	6	mgmt	mgmt	PROPN
cblr-14241	261	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	261	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	261	9	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	261	10	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	262	1	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	262	2	kohn	kohn	PROPN
cblr-14241	262	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	262	4	629	629	NUM
cblr-14241	262	5	f.2d	f.2d	SYM
cblr-14241	262	6	705	705	NUM
cblr-14241	262	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	262	8	716	716	NUM
cblr-14241	262	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	262	10	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	262	11	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	262	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	263	1	1980	1980	NUM
cblr-14241	263	2	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	263	3	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	263	4	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	264	1	63	63	NUM
cblr-14241	265	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	265	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	265	3	64	64	NUM
cblr-14241	265	4	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	265	5	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	265	6	alstom	alstom	PROPN
cblr-14241	265	7	sa	sa	PROPN
cblr-14241	265	8	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	265	9	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	265	10	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	265	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	266	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	266	2	406	406	NUM
cblr-14241	266	3	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	266	4	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	266	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	267	1	2d	2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	267	2	433	433	NUM
cblr-14241	267	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	267	4	489	489	NUM
cblr-14241	267	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	267	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	267	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	267	8	2005	2005	NUM
cblr-14241	267	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	267	10	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	267	11	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	267	12	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	267	13	re	re	NOUN
cblr-14241	267	14	livent	livent	PROPN
cblr-14241	267	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	267	16	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	267	17	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	267	18	noteholders	noteholders	PROPN
cblr-14241	267	19	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	267	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	267	21	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	267	22	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	268	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	268	2	151	151	NUM
cblr-14241	268	3	f.supp.2d	f.supp.2d	NUM
cblr-14241	268	4	371	371	NUM
cblr-14241	268	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	268	6	416	416	NUM
cblr-14241	268	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	268	8	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	268	9	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	268	10	2001	2001	NUM
cblr-14241	268	11	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	268	12	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	268	13	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	269	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	269	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	270	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	270	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	270	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	270	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	6	893	893	NUM
cblr-14241	270	7	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	270	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	270	9	form	form	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	10	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	270	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	270	12	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	270	13	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	14	defense.65	defense.65	ADP
cblr-14241	270	15	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	270	16	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	17	shifting	shift	VERB
cblr-14241	270	18	arrangement	arrangement	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	19	creates	create	VERB
cblr-14241	270	20	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	270	21	problem	problem	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	22	where	where	SCONJ
cblr-14241	270	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	270	24	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	25	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	270	26	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	270	27	easiest	easy	ADJ
cblr-14241	270	28	access	access	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	29	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	270	30	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	31	—	—	PUNCT
cblr-14241	270	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	270	33	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	34	—	—	PUNCT
cblr-14241	270	35	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	270	36	able	able	ADJ
cblr-14241	270	37	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	270	38	wait	wait	VERB
cblr-14241	270	39	for	for	SCONJ
cblr-14241	270	40	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	270	41	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	42	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	270	43	make	make	VERB
cblr-14241	270	44	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	270	45	initial	initial	ADJ
cblr-14241	270	46	showing	showing	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	47	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	270	48	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	270	49	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	270	50	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	271	1	given	give	VERB
cblr-14241	271	2	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	271	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	271	4	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	5	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	271	6	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	271	7	access	access	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	8	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	271	9	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	10	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	271	11	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	271	12	only	only	ADV
cblr-14241	271	13	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	271	14	available	available	ADJ
cblr-14241	271	15	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	271	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	271	17	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	18	during	during	ADP
cblr-14241	271	19	discovery	discovery	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	20	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	271	21	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	271	22	makes	make	VERB
cblr-14241	271	23	sense	sense	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	24	for	for	SCONJ
cblr-14241	271	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	271	26	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	27	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	271	28	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	271	29	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	271	30	bear	bear	VERB
cblr-14241	271	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	271	32	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	33	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	271	34	proof	proof	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	35	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	271	36	proving	prove	VERB
cblr-14241	271	37	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	271	38	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	271	39	were	be	AUX
cblr-14241	271	40	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	271	41	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	271	42	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	271	43	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	271	44	alleged	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	271	45	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	46	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	47	rather	rather	ADV
cblr-14241	271	48	than	than	ADP
cblr-14241	271	49	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	271	50	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	51	bearing	bear	VERB
cblr-14241	271	52	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	271	53	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	271	54	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	271	55	proving	prove	VERB
cblr-14241	271	56	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	271	57	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	271	58	were	be	AUX
cblr-14241	271	59	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	271	60	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	272	1	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	272	2	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	3	arguments	argument	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	4	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	272	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	272	6	most	most	ADV
cblr-14241	272	7	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	272	8	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	9	influencing	influence	VERB
cblr-14241	272	10	current	current	ADJ
cblr-14241	272	11	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	12	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	272	13	regard	regard	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	14	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	272	15	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	16	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	272	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	272	18	pleading	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	272	19	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	20	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	272	21	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	272	22	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	272	23	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	24	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	272	25	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	272	26	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	272	27	titan	titan	PROPN
cblr-14241	272	28	capital	capital	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	29	corp.66	corp.66	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	30	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	272	31	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	272	32	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	272	33	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	272	34	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	35	brought	bring	VERB
cblr-14241	272	36	suit	suit	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	37	against	against	ADP
cblr-14241	272	38	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	272	39	broker	broker	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	40	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	272	41	dealer	dealer	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	42	whose	whose	DET
cblr-14241	272	43	agent	agent	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	44	had	have	AUX
cblr-14241	272	45	committed	commit	VERB
cblr-14241	272	46	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	272	47	acts.67	acts.67	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	48	here	here	ADV
cblr-14241	272	49	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	272	50	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	51	discarded	discard	VERB
cblr-14241	272	52	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	272	53	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	272	54	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	55	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	272	56	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	273	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	273	2	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	3	corporation	corporation	PROPN
cblr-14241	273	4	argued	argue	VERB
cblr-14241	273	5	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	273	6	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	273	7	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	273	8	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	273	9	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	273	10	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	273	11	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	273	12	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	273	13	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	273	14	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	273	15	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	16	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	273	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	273	18	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	19	had	have	AUX
cblr-14241	273	20	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	273	21	met	meet	VERB
cblr-14241	273	22	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	273	23	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	24	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	273	25	establishing	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	273	26	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	273	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	273	28	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	29	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	273	30	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	273	31	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	273	32	participant	participant	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	33	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	273	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	273	35	misdeeds	misdeed	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	36	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	273	37	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	273	38	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	273	39	then	then	ADV
cblr-14241	273	40	required	require	VERB
cblr-14241	273	41	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	273	42	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	273	43	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	44	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	45	law.68	law.68	PROPN
cblr-14241	273	46	instead	instead	ADV
cblr-14241	273	47	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	273	48	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	273	49	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	50	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	273	51	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	273	52	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	273	53	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	54	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	273	55	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	273	56	place	place	VERB
cblr-14241	273	57	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	273	58	such	such	DET
cblr-14241	273	59	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	273	60	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	61	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	273	62	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	273	63	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	273	64	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	274	1	”69	”69	NOUN
cblr-14241	274	2	here	here	ADV
cblr-14241	274	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	274	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	274	5	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	274	6	based	base	VERB
cblr-14241	274	7	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	274	8	holding	holding	NOUN
cblr-14241	274	9	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	274	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	274	11	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	274	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	274	13	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	274	14	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	274	15	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	274	16	itself	itself	PRON
cblr-14241	274	17	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	275	1	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	275	2	decided	decide	VERB
cblr-14241	275	3	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	275	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	275	5	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	275	6	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	275	7	premises	premise	VERB
cblr-14241	275	8	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	275	9	solely	solely	ADV
cblr-14241	275	10	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	275	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	275	12	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	275	13	relationship[.]”70	relationship[.]”70	NOUN
cblr-14241	275	14	this	this	PRON
cblr-14241	275	15	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	275	16	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	275	17	much	much	ADV
cblr-14241	275	18	more	more	ADJ
cblr-14241	275	19	natural	natural	ADJ
cblr-14241	275	20	reading	reading	NOUN
cblr-14241	275	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	275	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	275	23	text	text	NOUN
cblr-14241	275	24	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	275	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	275	26	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	275	27	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	275	28	respects	respect	VERB
cblr-14241	275	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	275	30	expansive	expansive	ADJ
cblr-14241	275	31	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	275	32	intended	intend	VERB
cblr-14241	275	33	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	275	34	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	275	35	drafters	drafter	NOUN
cblr-14241	275	36	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	276	1	instead	instead	ADV
cblr-14241	276	2	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	276	3	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	276	4	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	276	5	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	276	6	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	276	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	276	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	276	9	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	276	10	notes	note	VERB
cblr-14241	276	11	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	276	12	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	276	13	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	276	14	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	276	15	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	276	16	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	276	17	subject	subject	ADJ
cblr-14241	276	18	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	276	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	276	20	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	276	21	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	276	22	65	65	NUM
cblr-14241	276	23	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	276	24	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	276	25	alstom	alstom	PROPN
cblr-14241	276	26	sa	sa	PROPN
cblr-14241	276	27	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	276	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	276	29	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	276	30	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	277	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	277	2	406	406	NUM
cblr-14241	277	3	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	277	4	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	277	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	278	1	2d	2d	PROPN
cblr-14241	278	2	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	278	3	486	486	NUM
cblr-14241	278	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	278	5	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	278	6	once	once	SCONJ
cblr-14241	278	7	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	278	8	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	9	makes	make	VERB
cblr-14241	278	10	[	[	X
cblr-14241	278	11	]	]	X
cblr-14241	278	12	out	out	ADP
cblr-14241	278	13	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	278	14	prima	prima	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	15	facie	facie	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	16	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	17	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	278	18	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	19	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	278	20	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	21	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	278	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	278	23	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	278	24	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	278	25	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	26	shifts	shift	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	27	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	278	28	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	278	29	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	30	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	278	31	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	278	32	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	278	33	he	he	PRON
cblr-14241	278	34	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	278	35	she	she	PRON
cblr-14241	278	36	acted	act	VERB
cblr-14241	278	37	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	278	38	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	278	39	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	40	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	278	41	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	278	42	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	278	43	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	278	44	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	278	45	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	278	46	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	278	47	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	278	48	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	49	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	278	50	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	51	constituting	constitute	VERB
cblr-14241	278	52	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	278	53	violation	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	278	54	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	278	55	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	278	56	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	278	57	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	279	1	66	66	NUM
cblr-14241	279	2	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	279	3	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	279	4	titan	titan	PROPN
cblr-14241	279	5	cap	cap	PROPN
cblr-14241	279	6	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	280	1	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	280	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	280	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	280	4	914	914	NUM
cblr-14241	280	5	f.2d	f.2d	NUM
cblr-14241	280	6	1564	1564	NUM
cblr-14241	280	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	280	8	1566	1566	NUM
cblr-14241	280	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	280	10	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	280	11	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	280	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	280	13	1990	1990	NUM
cblr-14241	280	14	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	280	15	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	281	1	67	67	NUM
cblr-14241	281	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	281	3	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	281	4	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	281	5	68	68	NUM
cblr-14241	281	6	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	281	7	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	281	8	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	281	9	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	281	10	1574	1574	NUM
cblr-14241	281	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	282	1	69	69	NUM
cblr-14241	283	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	283	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	283	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	283	4	1575	1575	NUM
cblr-14241	283	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	284	1	70	70	NUM
cblr-14241	285	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	285	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	285	3	894	894	NUM
cblr-14241	285	4	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	285	5	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	285	6	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	285	7	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	285	8	[	[	X
cblr-14241	285	9	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	285	10	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	285	11	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	285	12	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	286	1	[	[	X
cblr-14241	286	2	]	]	X
cblr-14241	286	3	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	286	4	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	286	5	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	286	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	286	7	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	286	8	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	286	9	bears	bear	VERB
cblr-14241	286	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	286	11	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	286	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	286	13	proof	proof	NOUN
cblr-14241	286	14	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	286	15	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	286	16	his	his	PRON
cblr-14241	286	17	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	286	18	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	286	19	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	287	1	”71	”71	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	2	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	287	3	allocation	allocation	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	4	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	287	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	287	6	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	7	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	287	8	proof	proof	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	9	avoids	avoid	VERB
cblr-14241	287	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	287	11	strange	strange	ADJ
cblr-14241	287	12	situation	situation	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	13	present	present	ADJ
cblr-14241	287	14	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	287	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	287	16	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	287	17	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	287	19	where	where	SCONJ
cblr-14241	287	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	287	21	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	22	has	have	VERB
cblr-14241	287	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	287	24	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	25	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	287	26	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	287	27	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	287	28	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	29	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	287	30	despite	despite	SCONJ
cblr-14241	287	31	both	both	PRON
cblr-14241	287	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	287	33	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	34	being	be	AUX
cblr-14241	287	35	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	287	36	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	287	37	better	well	ADJ
cblr-14241	287	38	position	position	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	39	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	287	40	access	access	VERB
cblr-14241	287	41	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	42	prior	prior	ADV
cblr-14241	287	43	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	287	44	discovery	discovery	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	45	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	287	46	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	287	47	availability	availability	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	48	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	287	49	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	287	50	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	287	51	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	52	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	287	53	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	288	1	because	because	SCONJ
cblr-14241	288	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	288	3	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	288	4	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	288	5	attempt	attempt	VERB
cblr-14241	288	6	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	288	7	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	288	8	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	288	9	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	288	10	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	288	11	both	both	DET
cblr-14241	288	12	interpretations	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	288	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	288	14	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	288	15	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	288	16	redundant	redundant	ADJ
cblr-14241	288	17	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	288	18	require	require	VERB
cblr-14241	288	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	288	20	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	288	21	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	288	22	start	start	VERB
cblr-14241	288	23	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	288	24	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	288	25	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	288	26	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	288	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	288	28	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	288	29	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	288	30	does	do	VERB
cblr-14241	288	31	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	289	1	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	289	2	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	289	3	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	289	4	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	289	5	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	289	6	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	289	7	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	289	8	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	289	9	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	289	10	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	289	11	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	289	12	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	289	13	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	289	14	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	289	15	?	?	PUNCT
cblr-14241	290	1	another	another	DET
cblr-14241	290	2	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	290	3	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	290	4	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	290	5	consider	consider	VERB
cblr-14241	290	6	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	290	7	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	290	8	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	290	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	290	10	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	290	11	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	290	12	what	what	DET
cblr-14241	290	13	extent	extent	NOUN
cblr-14241	290	14	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	290	15	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	290	16	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	290	17	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	290	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	290	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	290	20	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	290	21	imposes	impose	VERB
cblr-14241	290	22	upon	upon	SCONJ
cblr-14241	290	23	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	290	24	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	290	25	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	290	26	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	290	27	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	290	28	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	290	29	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	290	30	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	290	31	actions	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	290	32	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	290	33	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	290	34	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	290	35	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	290	36	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	291	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	291	2	discussing	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	291	3	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	291	4	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	291	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	291	6	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	291	7	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	291	8	best	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	291	9	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	291	10	look	look	VERB
cblr-14241	291	11	back	back	ADV
cblr-14241	291	12	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	291	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	291	14	text	text	NOUN
cblr-14241	291	15	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	291	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	291	17	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	291	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	292	1	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	2	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	292	3	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	292	4	makes	make	VERB
cblr-14241	292	5	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	292	6	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	7	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	292	8	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	292	9	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	292	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	292	11	same	same	ADJ
cblr-14241	292	12	extent	extent	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	13	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	292	14	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	292	15	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	292	16	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	17	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	292	18	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	292	19	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	20	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	292	21	whom	whom	PRON
cblr-14241	292	22	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	292	23	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	292	24	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	25	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	292	26	liable[.]”72	liable[.]”72	ADJ
cblr-14241	292	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	292	28	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	29	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	292	30	provides	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	292	31	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	292	32	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	33	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	292	34	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	292	35	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	36	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	292	37	protects	protect	VERB
cblr-14241	292	38	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	39	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	292	40	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	292	41	acted	act	VERB
cblr-14241	292	42	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	292	43	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	292	44	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	45	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	292	46	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	292	47	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	292	48	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	292	49	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	292	50	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	292	51	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	292	52	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	292	53	act[.]”73	act[.]”73	PROPN
cblr-14241	292	54	taken	take	VERB
cblr-14241	292	55	alone	alone	ADV
cblr-14241	292	56	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	292	57	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	292	58	former	former	ADJ
cblr-14241	292	59	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	292	60	allow	allow	VERB
cblr-14241	292	61	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	292	62	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	63	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	292	64	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	292	65	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	292	66	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	292	67	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	292	68	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	69	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	292	70	occurred	occur	VERB
cblr-14241	292	71	due	due	ADP
cblr-14241	292	72	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	292	73	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	292	74	failure	failure	NOUN
cblr-14241	292	75	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	292	76	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	292	77	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	292	78	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	292	79	whom	whom	PRON
cblr-14241	292	80	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	292	81	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	292	82	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	293	1	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	293	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	293	3	due	due	ADP
cblr-14241	293	4	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	293	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	293	6	presence	presence	NOUN
cblr-14241	293	7	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	293	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	293	9	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	293	10	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	293	11	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	293	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	293	13	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	293	14	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	293	15	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	293	16	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	293	17	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	293	18	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	293	19	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	293	20	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	293	21	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	293	22	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	293	23	complicated	complicated	ADJ
cblr-14241	293	24	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	293	25	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	294	1	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	294	2	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	294	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	294	4	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	294	5	induced	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	294	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	294	7	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	294	8	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	294	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	294	10	then	then	ADV
cblr-14241	294	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	294	12	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	294	13	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	294	14	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	294	15	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	294	16	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	294	17	protect	protect	VERB
cblr-14241	294	18	them	they	PRON
cblr-14241	294	19	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	295	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
cblr-14241	295	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	295	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	295	4	issue	issue	NOUN
cblr-14241	295	5	remains	remain	VERB
cblr-14241	295	6	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	295	7	one	one	PRON
cblr-14241	295	8	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	295	9	act	act	VERB
cblr-14241	295	10	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	295	11	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	295	12	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	295	13	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	295	14	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	295	15	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	295	16	still	still	ADV
cblr-14241	295	17	failing	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	295	18	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	295	19	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	295	20	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	295	21	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	295	22	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	295	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	296	1	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	296	2	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	296	3	failure	failure	NOUN
cblr-14241	296	4	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	296	5	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	296	6	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	296	7	negate	negate	VERB
cblr-14241	296	8	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	296	9	inference	inference	NOUN
cblr-14241	296	10	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	296	11	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	296	12	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	296	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	296	14	then	then	ADV
cblr-14241	296	15	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	296	16	new	new	ADJ
cblr-14241	296	17	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	296	18	arises	arise	VERB
cblr-14241	296	19	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	296	20	how	how	SCONJ
cblr-14241	296	21	severe	severe	ADJ
cblr-14241	296	22	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	296	23	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	296	24	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	296	25	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	296	26	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	296	27	lack	lack	NOUN
cblr-14241	296	28	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	296	29	oversight	oversight	NOUN
cblr-14241	296	30	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	296	31	for	for	SCONJ
cblr-14241	296	32	them	they	PRON
cblr-14241	296	33	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	296	34	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	296	35	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	296	36	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	296	37	?	?	PUNCT
cblr-14241	297	1	71	71	NUM
cblr-14241	298	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	298	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	298	3	72	72	NUM
cblr-14241	298	4	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	298	5	u.s.c	u.s.c	NOUN
cblr-14241	298	6	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	299	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	299	2	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	299	3	t.	t.	NOUN
cblr-14241	299	4	73	73	NUM
cblr-14241	300	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	300	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	300	3	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	300	4	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	301	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	301	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	301	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	301	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	301	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	301	6	895	895	NUM
cblr-14241	301	7	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	301	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	301	9	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	301	10	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	301	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	301	12	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	301	13	recklessness	recklessness	NOUN
cblr-14241	301	14	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	301	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	301	16	minimum	minimum	ADJ
cblr-14241	301	17	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	301	18	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	301	19	culpability	culpability	NOUN
cblr-14241	301	20	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	301	21	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	301	22	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	301	23	plead	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	301	24	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	301	25	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	301	26	20(a).”74	20(a).”74	NUM
cblr-14241	301	27	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	301	28	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	301	29	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	301	30	reckless	reckless	ADJ
cblr-14241	301	31	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	301	32	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cblr-14241	301	33	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	301	34	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	301	35	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	301	36	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	301	37	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	301	38	highly	highly	ADV
cblr-14241	301	39	unreasonable	unreasonable	ADJ
cblr-14241	301	40	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	301	41	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	301	42	representing	represent	VERB
cblr-14241	301	43	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	301	44	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	301	45	extreme	extreme	ADJ
cblr-14241	301	46	departure	departure	NOUN
cblr-14241	301	47	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	301	48	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	301	49	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	301	50	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	301	51	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
cblr-14241	301	52	care	care	NOUN
cblr-14241	301	53	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	301	54	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	302	1	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	303	1	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	303	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	303	3	extent	extent	NOUN
cblr-14241	303	4	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	303	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	303	6	danger	danger	NOUN
cblr-14241	303	7	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	303	8	either	either	ADV
cblr-14241	303	9	known	know	VERB
cblr-14241	303	10	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	303	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	303	12	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	303	13	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	303	14	so	so	ADV
cblr-14241	303	15	obvious	obvious	ADJ
cblr-14241	303	16	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	303	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	303	18	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	303	19	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	303	20	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	303	21	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	303	22	aware	aware	ADJ
cblr-14241	303	23	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	303	24	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	303	25	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	303	26	’”75	’”75	PUNCT
cblr-14241	303	27	additionally	additionally	ADV
cblr-14241	303	28	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	303	29	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	303	30	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	303	31	egregious	egregious	ADJ
cblr-14241	303	32	refusal	refusal	NOUN
cblr-14241	303	33	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	303	34	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	303	35	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	303	36	obvious	obvious	ADJ
cblr-14241	303	37	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	303	38	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	303	39	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	303	40	investigate	investigate	VERB
cblr-14241	303	41	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	303	42	doubtful	doubtful	ADJ
cblr-14241	303	43	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	303	44	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	303	45	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	303	46	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	303	47	cases	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	303	48	give	give	VERB
cblr-14241	303	49	rise	rise	NOUN
cblr-14241	303	50	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	303	51	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	303	52	inference	inference	NOUN
cblr-14241	303	53	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	303	54	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	303	55	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	304	1	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	305	1	recklessness	recklessness	NOUN
cblr-14241	305	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	306	1	”76	”76	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	2	recklessness	recklessness	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	3	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	306	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	306	5	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	306	6	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	7	typically	typically	ADV
cblr-14241	306	8	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	306	9	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	306	10	established	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	306	11	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	306	12	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	13	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	306	14	1	1	X
cblr-14241	306	15	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	306	16	specifically	specifically	ADV
cblr-14241	306	17	allege	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	306	18	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	19	'	'	PART
cblr-14241	306	20	awareness	awareness	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	306	22	facts	fact	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	23	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	306	24	access	access	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	25	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	306	26	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	27	contradicting	contradict	VERB
cblr-14241	306	28	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	306	29	public	public	ADJ
cblr-14241	306	30	statements	statement	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	31	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	306	32	thus	thus	ADV
cblr-14241	306	33	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	306	34	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	306	35	knew	know	VERB
cblr-14241	306	36	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	306	37	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	306	38	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	306	39	known	know	VERB
cblr-14241	306	40	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	306	41	were	be	AUX
cblr-14241	306	42	misrepresenting	misrepresent	VERB
cblr-14241	306	43	material	material	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	44	facts	fact	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	45	related	relate	VERB
cblr-14241	306	46	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	306	47	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	306	48	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	49	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	306	50	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	306	51	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	306	52	2	2	X
cblr-14241	306	53	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	306	54	allege	allege	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	55	facts	fact	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	56	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
cblr-14241	306	57	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	306	58	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	59	failed	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	306	60	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	306	61	review	review	VERB
cblr-14241	306	62	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	306	63	check	check	VERB
cblr-14241	306	64	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	65	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	306	66	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	306	67	had	have	VERB
cblr-14241	306	68	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	306	69	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	70	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	306	71	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	306	72	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	306	73	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	306	74	ignored	ignore	VERB
cblr-14241	306	75	obvious	obvious	ADJ
cblr-14241	306	76	signs	sign	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	77	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	306	78	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	306	79	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	306	80	”77	”77	PUNCT
cblr-14241	307	1	thus	thus	ADV
cblr-14241	307	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	307	3	within	within	ADP
cblr-14241	307	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	307	5	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	307	6	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	307	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	307	8	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	307	9	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	307	10	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	307	11	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	307	12	fails	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	307	13	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	307	14	review	review	VERB
cblr-14241	307	15	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	307	16	check	check	VERB
cblr-14241	307	17	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	307	18	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	307	19	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	307	20	had	have	VERB
cblr-14241	307	21	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	307	22	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	307	23	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	307	24	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	307	25	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	307	26	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	307	27	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	307	28	ignored	ignore	VERB
cblr-14241	307	29	signs	sign	NOUN
cblr-14241	307	30	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	307	31	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	307	32	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	307	33	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	307	34	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	307	35	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	307	36	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	307	37	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	307	38	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	307	39	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	307	40	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	307	41	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	307	42	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	307	43	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	307	44	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	307	45	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	307	46	reckless	reckless	ADJ
cblr-14241	307	47	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	307	48	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	308	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	308	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	308	3	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	308	4	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	308	5	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	308	6	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	308	7	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	308	8	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	308	9	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	308	10	satisfy	satisfy	VERB
cblr-14241	308	11	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	308	12	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	308	13	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	308	14	proving	prove	VERB
cblr-14241	308	15	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	308	16	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	308	17	merely	merely	ADV
cblr-14241	308	18	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	308	19	saying	say	VERB
cblr-14241	308	20	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	308	21	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	308	22	has	have	VERB
cblr-14241	308	23	supervisory	supervisory	ADJ
cblr-14241	308	24	procedures	procedure	NOUN
cblr-14241	308	25	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	308	26	place	place	NOUN
cblr-14241	308	27	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	308	28	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	308	29	therefore	therefore	ADV
cblr-14241	308	30	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	308	31	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	308	32	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	308	33	fulfilled	fulfil	VERB
cblr-14241	308	34	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	308	35	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	308	36	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	308	37	supervise	supervise	VERB
cblr-14241	308	38	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	309	1	”78	”78	ADV
cblr-14241	309	2	rather	rather	ADV
cblr-14241	309	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	309	4	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	309	5	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	309	6	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	309	7	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	309	8	maintained	maintain	VERB
cblr-14241	309	9	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	309	10	enforced	enforce	VERB
cblr-14241	309	11	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	309	12	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cblr-14241	309	13	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	309	14	proper	proper	ADJ
cblr-14241	309	15	system	system	NOUN
cblr-14241	309	16	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	309	17	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cblr-14241	309	18	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	309	19	internal	internal	ADJ
cblr-14241	309	20	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	309	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	310	1	”79	”79	PROPN
cblr-14241	310	2	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	310	3	indicated	indicate	VERB
cblr-14241	310	4	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	310	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	310	6	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	310	7	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	310	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	310	9	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	310	10	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	310	11	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	310	12	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	310	13	claim	claim	VERB
cblr-14241	310	14	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	310	15	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	310	16	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	310	17	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	310	18	failed	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	310	19	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	310	20	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	310	21	supervise	supervise	VERB
cblr-14241	310	22	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	310	23	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	310	24	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	310	25	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	310	26	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	310	27	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	311	1	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	311	2	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	311	3	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	311	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	311	5	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	311	6	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	311	7	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	311	8	prompts	prompt	VERB
cblr-14241	311	9	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	311	10	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	311	11	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	311	12	74	74	NUM
cblr-14241	311	13	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	311	14	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	311	15	alstom	alstom	PROPN
cblr-14241	311	16	sa	sa	PROPN
cblr-14241	311	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	311	18	406	406	NUM
cblr-14241	311	19	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	311	20	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	311	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	312	1	2d	2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	312	2	433	433	NUM
cblr-14241	312	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	312	4	490	490	NUM
cblr-14241	312	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	312	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	312	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	312	8	2005	2005	NUM
cblr-14241	312	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	312	10	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	312	11	citing	cite	VERB
cblr-14241	312	12	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	312	13	re	re	NOUN
cblr-14241	312	14	livent	livent	PROPN
cblr-14241	312	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	312	16	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	312	17	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	312	18	noteholders	noteholders	PROPN
cblr-14241	312	19	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	312	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	312	21	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	312	22	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	313	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	313	2	151	151	NUM
cblr-14241	313	3	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	313	4	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	313	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	314	1	2d	2d	PROPN
cblr-14241	314	2	371	371	NUM
cblr-14241	314	3	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	314	4	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	314	5	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	314	6	2001	2001	NUM
cblr-14241	314	7	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	314	8	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	314	9	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	315	1	75	75	NUM
cblr-14241	316	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	316	2	d.	d.	NOUN
cblr-14241	316	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	316	4	491	491	NUM
cblr-14241	316	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	316	6	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	316	7	rothman	rothman	PROPN
cblr-14241	316	8	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	316	9	gregor	gregor	PROPN
cblr-14241	316	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	316	11	220	220	NUM
cblr-14241	316	12	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	316	13	81	81	NUM
cblr-14241	316	14	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	316	15	90	90	NUM
cblr-14241	316	16	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	316	17	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	316	18	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	316	19	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	316	20	2000	2000	NUM
cblr-14241	316	21	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	316	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	316	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	317	1	76	76	NUM
cblr-14241	318	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	318	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	318	3	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	318	4	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	318	5	novak	novak	PROPN
cblr-14241	318	6	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	318	7	kasaks	kasaks	PROPN
cblr-14241	318	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	318	9	216	216	NUM
cblr-14241	318	10	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	318	11	300	300	NUM
cblr-14241	318	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	318	13	308	308	NUM
cblr-14241	318	14	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	318	15	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	318	16	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	318	17	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	318	18	2000	2000	NUM
cblr-14241	318	19	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	318	20	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	318	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	319	1	77	77	NUM
cblr-14241	320	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	320	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	320	3	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	320	4	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	320	5	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	320	6	titan	titan	PROPN
cblr-14241	320	7	cap	cap	PROPN
cblr-14241	320	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	321	1	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	321	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	321	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	321	4	914	914	NUM
cblr-14241	321	5	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	321	6	1564	1564	NUM
cblr-14241	321	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	321	8	1576	1576	NUM
cblr-14241	321	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	321	10	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	321	11	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	321	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	321	13	1990	1990	NUM
cblr-14241	321	14	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	321	15	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	322	1	79	79	NUM
cblr-14241	323	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	323	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	323	3	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	323	4	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	323	5	zweig	zweig	PROPN
cblr-14241	323	6	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	323	7	hearst	hearst	PROPN
cblr-14241	323	8	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	323	9	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	323	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	323	11	521	521	NUM
cblr-14241	323	12	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	323	13	1129	1129	NUM
cblr-14241	323	14	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	323	15	1134–35	1134–35	NUM
cblr-14241	323	16	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	323	17	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	323	18	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	323	19	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	323	20	1975	1975	NUM
cblr-14241	323	21	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	323	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	323	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	324	1	896	896	NUM
cblr-14241	324	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	324	3	business	business	PROPN
cblr-14241	324	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	324	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	324	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	324	7	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	324	8	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	324	9	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	324	10	thoroughly	thoroughly	ADV
cblr-14241	324	11	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	324	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	324	13	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	324	14	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	324	15	those	those	DET
cblr-14241	324	16	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	324	17	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	325	2	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	325	3	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	4	holds	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	325	5	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	325	6	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	7	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	325	8	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	325	9	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	325	10	approve	approve	VERB
cblr-14241	325	11	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
cblr-14241	325	12	actions	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	14	even	even	ADV
cblr-14241	325	15	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	325	16	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	325	17	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	325	18	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	325	19	know	know	VERB
cblr-14241	325	20	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	325	21	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	325	22	actions	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	23	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	325	24	approved	approve	VERB
cblr-14241	325	25	were	be	AUX
cblr-14241	325	26	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
cblr-14241	325	27	behavior.80	behavior.80	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	28	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	325	29	addition	addition	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	30	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	325	32	text	text	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	33	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	325	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	325	35	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	36	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	37	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	38	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	325	39	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	40	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	41	provides	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	325	42	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	325	43	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	44	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	325	45	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	325	46	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	47	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	325	48	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	49	acted	act	VERB
cblr-14241	325	50	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	325	51	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	325	52	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	53	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	325	54	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	325	55	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	325	56	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	325	57	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	325	58	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	325	59	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	325	60	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	325	61	[	[	X
cblr-14241	325	62	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	325	63	]	]	X
cblr-14241	325	64	act[.]”81	act[.]”81	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	65	given	give	VERB
cblr-14241	325	66	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	325	67	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	325	68	statute	statute	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	69	uses	use	VERB
cblr-14241	325	70	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	325	71	word	word	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	72	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	73	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	325	74	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	75	rather	rather	ADV
cblr-14241	325	76	than	than	ADP
cblr-14241	325	77	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	78	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	325	79	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	80	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	81	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	325	82	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	325	83	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	84	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	325	85	still	still	ADV
cblr-14241	325	86	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	325	87	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	325	88	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	325	89	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	325	90	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	91	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	325	92	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	93	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	325	94	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	325	95	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	325	96	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	325	97	act	act	VERB
cblr-14241	325	98	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	325	99	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	325	100	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	101	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	325	102	even	even	ADV
cblr-14241	325	103	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	325	104	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	325	105	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	325	106	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	107	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	325	108	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	325	109	directly	directly	ADV
cblr-14241	325	110	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	325	111	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cblr-14241	325	112	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	325	113	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	325	114	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	325	115	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	116	committed	commit	VERB
cblr-14241	325	117	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	325	118	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	325	119	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	325	120	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	325	121	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	326	1	both	both	CCONJ
cblr-14241	326	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	326	3	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	326	4	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	326	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	326	6	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	326	7	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	326	8	recognize	recognize	VERB
cblr-14241	326	9	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	326	10	degree	degree	NOUN
cblr-14241	326	11	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	326	12	recklessness	recklessness	NOUN
cblr-14241	326	13	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	326	14	failure	failure	NOUN
cblr-14241	326	15	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	326	16	supervise	supervise	VERB
cblr-14241	326	17	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	326	18	potentially	potentially	ADV
cblr-14241	326	19	rebutting	rebut	VERB
cblr-14241	326	20	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	326	21	inference	inference	NOUN
cblr-14241	326	22	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	326	23	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	326	24	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	326	25	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	327	1	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	327	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	327	3	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	327	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	327	5	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	327	6	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	327	7	requires	require	VERB
cblr-14241	327	8	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	327	9	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	327	10	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	327	11	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	327	12	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	327	13	maintained	maintain	VERB
cblr-14241	327	14	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	327	15	enforced	enforce	VERB
cblr-14241	327	16	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	327	17	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cblr-14241	327	18	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	327	19	proper	proper	ADJ
cblr-14241	327	20	system	system	NOUN
cblr-14241	327	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	327	22	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cblr-14241	327	23	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	327	24	internal	internal	ADJ
cblr-14241	327	25	control[],”82	control[],”82	NOUN
cblr-14241	327	26	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	327	27	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	327	28	unclear	unclear	ADJ
cblr-14241	327	29	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	327	30	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	327	31	same	same	ADJ
cblr-14241	327	32	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	327	33	applies	apply	VERB
cblr-14241	327	34	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	327	35	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	327	36	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	327	37	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	327	38	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	328	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	328	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	328	3	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	328	4	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	328	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	328	6	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	328	7	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	328	8	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	328	9	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	328	10	allege	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	328	11	facts	fact	NOUN
cblr-14241	328	12	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
cblr-14241	328	13	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	328	14	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	328	15	failed	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	328	16	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	328	17	review	review	VERB
cblr-14241	328	18	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	328	19	check	check	VERB
cblr-14241	328	20	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	328	21	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	328	22	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	328	23	had	have	VERB
cblr-14241	328	24	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	328	25	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	328	26	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	328	27	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	328	28	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	328	29	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	328	30	ignored	ignore	VERB
cblr-14241	328	31	obvious	obvious	ADJ
cblr-14241	328	32	signs	sign	NOUN
cblr-14241	328	33	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	328	34	fraud,”83	fraud,”83	NOUN
cblr-14241	328	35	without	without	ADP
cblr-14241	328	36	reference	reference	NOUN
cblr-14241	328	37	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	328	38	necessary	necessary	ADJ
cblr-14241	328	39	systems	system	NOUN
cblr-14241	328	40	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	328	41	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cblr-14241	328	42	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	328	43	controls	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	328	44	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	329	1	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	329	2	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	329	3	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	329	4	immediately	immediately	ADV
cblr-14241	329	5	clear	clear	ADJ
cblr-14241	329	6	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	329	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	329	8	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	329	9	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	329	10	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	329	11	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	329	12	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	329	13	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	329	14	encompass	encompass	VERB
cblr-14241	329	15	monitoring	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	329	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	329	17	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	329	18	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	329	19	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	329	20	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	329	21	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	329	22	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	329	23	addition	addition	NOUN
cblr-14241	329	24	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	329	25	verifying	verify	VERB
cblr-14241	329	26	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	329	27	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	330	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	330	3	past	past	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	330	6	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	330	7	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	8	departed	depart	VERB
cblr-14241	330	9	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	330	10	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	330	11	occasion	occasion	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	12	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	330	13	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	330	14	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	330	15	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	16	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	17	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	330	18	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	330	19	broker	broker	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	20	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	21	dealer	dealer	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	22	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	23	involving	involve	VERB
cblr-14241	330	24	80	80	NUM
cblr-14241	330	25	see	see	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	26	nordstrom	nordstrom	PROPN
cblr-14241	330	27	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	28	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	330	29	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	330	30	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	330	31	chubb	chubb	PROPN
cblr-14241	330	32	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	330	33	son	son	PROPN
cblr-14241	330	34	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	35	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	330	36	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	330	37	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	38	54	54	NUM
cblr-14241	330	39	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	330	40	1424	1424	NUM
cblr-14241	330	41	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	42	1434	1434	NUM
cblr-14241	330	43	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	44	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	330	45	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	46	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	330	47	1995	1995	NUM
cblr-14241	330	48	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	49	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	50	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	51	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	330	52	[	[	X
cblr-14241	330	53	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	330	54	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	55	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	56	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	57	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	330	58	unavailable	unavailable	ADJ
cblr-14241	330	59	even	even	ADV
cblr-14241	330	60	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	330	61	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	330	62	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	63	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	330	64	induced	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	330	65	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	330	66	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	67	believed	believe	VERB
cblr-14241	330	68	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	330	69	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	330	70	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	71	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	330	72	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	330	73	were	be	AUX
cblr-14241	330	74	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	330	75	perpetrating	perpetrate	VERB
cblr-14241	330	76	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	330	77	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	330	78	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	79	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	80	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	330	81	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	331	1	[	[	X
cblr-14241	331	2	a	a	X
cblr-14241	331	3	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	331	4	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	331	5	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	331	6	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	331	7	approves	approve	VERB
cblr-14241	331	8	actions	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	331	9	constituting	constitute	VERB
cblr-14241	331	10	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	331	11	activity	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	331	12	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	331	13	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	331	14	invoke	invoke	VERB
cblr-14241	331	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	331	16	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	331	17	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	331	18	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	331	19	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	331	20	even	even	ADV
cblr-14241	331	21	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	331	22	he	he	PRON
cblr-14241	331	23	has	have	VERB
cblr-14241	331	24	no	no	DET
cblr-14241	331	25	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cblr-14241	331	26	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	331	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	331	28	deceit	deceit	NOUN
cblr-14241	331	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	331	30	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	331	31	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	331	32	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	331	33	citing	cite	VERB
cblr-14241	331	34	myzel	myzel	NOUN
cblr-14241	331	35	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	331	36	fields	field	NOUN
cblr-14241	331	37	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	331	38	386	386	NUM
cblr-14241	331	39	f.2d	f.2d	ADP
cblr-14241	331	40	718	718	NUM
cblr-14241	331	41	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	331	42	738–39	738–39	NUM
cblr-14241	331	43	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	331	44	8th	8th	ADJ
cblr-14241	331	45	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	331	46	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	331	47	1967	1967	NUM
cblr-14241	331	48	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	331	49	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	331	50	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	332	1	81	81	NUM
cblr-14241	332	2	15	15	NUM
cblr-14241	332	3	u.s.c	u.s.c	NOUN
cblr-14241	332	4	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	333	1	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	333	2	78	78	NUM
cblr-14241	333	3	t.	t.	NOUN
cblr-14241	333	4	82	82	NUM
cblr-14241	334	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	334	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	334	3	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	334	4	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	334	5	zweig	zweig	PROPN
cblr-14241	334	6	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	334	7	hearst	hearst	PROPN
cblr-14241	334	8	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	334	9	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	334	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	334	11	521	521	NUM
cblr-14241	334	12	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	334	13	1129	1129	NUM
cblr-14241	334	14	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	334	15	1134–35	1134–35	NUM
cblr-14241	334	16	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	334	17	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	334	18	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	334	19	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	334	20	1975	1975	NUM
cblr-14241	334	21	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	334	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	334	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	335	1	83	83	NUM
cblr-14241	336	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	336	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	336	3	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	336	4	citing	cite	VERB
cblr-14241	336	5	novak	novak	PROPN
cblr-14241	336	6	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	336	7	kasaks	kasaks	PROPN
cblr-14241	336	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	336	9	216	216	NUM
cblr-14241	336	10	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cblr-14241	336	11	300	300	NUM
cblr-14241	336	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	336	13	308	308	NUM
cblr-14241	336	14	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	336	15	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	336	16	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	336	17	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	336	18	2000	2000	NUM
cblr-14241	336	19	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	336	20	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	336	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	337	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	337	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	338	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	338	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	338	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	338	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	338	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	338	6	897	897	NUM
cblr-14241	338	7	supervision.84	supervision.84	NOUN
cblr-14241	338	8	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	338	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	338	10	1980	1980	NUM
cblr-14241	338	11	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	338	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	338	13	marbury	marbury	PROPN
cblr-14241	338	14	management	management	PROPN
cblr-14241	338	15	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	338	16	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	339	1	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	339	2	kohn	kohn	PROPN
cblr-14241	339	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	339	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	339	5	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	339	6	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	339	7	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	339	8	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	340	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	340	2	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	340	3	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	340	4	proving	prove	VERB
cblr-14241	340	5	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	340	6	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	340	7	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	340	8	shifted	shift	VERB
cblr-14241	340	9	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	340	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	340	11	brokerage	brokerage	NOUN
cblr-14241	340	12	house	house	NOUN
cblr-14241	340	13	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	340	14	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	340	15	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	341	1	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	341	2	requires	require	VERB
cblr-14241	341	3	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	341	4	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	341	5	show	show	VERB
cblr-14241	341	6	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	341	7	least	least	ADJ
cblr-14241	341	8	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	341	9	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	341	10	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	341	11	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	341	12	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	341	13	negligent	negligent	ADJ
cblr-14241	341	14	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	341	15	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cblr-14241	341	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	341	17	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	342	1	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	343	1	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	343	2	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	343	3	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	343	4	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	343	5	maintained	maintain	VERB
cblr-14241	343	6	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	343	7	enforced	enforce	VERB
cblr-14241	343	8	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	343	9	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cblr-14241	343	10	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	343	11	proper	proper	ADJ
cblr-14241	343	12	system	system	NOUN
cblr-14241	343	13	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	343	14	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cblr-14241	343	15	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	343	16	internal	internal	ADJ
cblr-14241	343	17	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	343	18	over	over	ADP
cblr-14241	343	19	sales	sale	NOUN
cblr-14241	343	20	personnel	personnel	NOUN
cblr-14241	343	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	344	1	”85	”85	VERB
cblr-14241	344	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	344	3	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	4	notes	note	VERB
cblr-14241	344	5	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	344	6	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	344	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	344	8	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	9	were	be	AUX
cblr-14241	344	10	able	able	ADJ
cblr-14241	344	11	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	344	12	deflect	deflect	VERB
cblr-14241	344	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	344	14	allegation	allegation	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	15	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	344	16	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	344	17	had	have	AUX
cblr-14241	344	18	aided	aid	VERB
cblr-14241	344	19	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	344	20	abetted	abet	VERB
cblr-14241	344	21	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	344	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	344	23	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	344	24	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	25	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	344	26	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	344	27	alone	alone	ADV
cblr-14241	344	28	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	344	29	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	344	30	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	344	31	establish	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	344	32	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	344	33	[	[	X
cblr-14241	344	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	344	35	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	36	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	344	37	]	]	AUX
cblr-14241	344	38	borne	bear	VERB
cblr-14241	344	39	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	344	40	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	41	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	344	42	proving	prove	VERB
cblr-14241	344	43	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	344	44	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	344	45	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	46	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	344	47	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	344	48	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	344	49	last	last	ADJ
cblr-14241	344	50	clause	clause	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	51	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	344	52	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	53	20(a).”86	20(a).”86	NUM
cblr-14241	344	54	rather	rather	ADV
cblr-14241	344	55	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	344	56	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	344	57	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	58	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	344	59	findings	finding	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	60	indicated	indicate	VERB
cblr-14241	344	61	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	344	62	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	344	63	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	64	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	344	65	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	344	66	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	67	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	344	68	had	have	VERB
cblr-14241	344	69	[	[	PUNCT
cblr-14241	344	70	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	344	71	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	344	72	shown	show	VERB
cblr-14241	344	73	due	due	ADJ
cblr-14241	344	74	care	care	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	75	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	344	76	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	344	77	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	78	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	344	79	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	80	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	344	81	kohn	kohn	PROPN
cblr-14241	344	82	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	344	83	activities	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	344	84	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	345	1	”87	”87	PROPN
cblr-14241	345	2	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	345	3	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	345	4	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	345	5	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
cblr-14241	345	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	345	7	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	345	8	line	line	NOUN
cblr-14241	345	9	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	345	10	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	345	11	articulated	articulate	VERB
cblr-14241	345	12	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	345	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	345	14	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	345	15	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	345	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	345	17	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	345	18	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	345	19	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	345	20	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	345	21	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	345	22	continue	continue	VERB
cblr-14241	345	23	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	345	24	embrace	embrace	VERB
cblr-14241	345	25	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	346	1	even	even	ADV
cblr-14241	346	2	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	346	3	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	346	4	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	346	5	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	346	6	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	346	7	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	346	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	346	9	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	346	10	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	346	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	346	12	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	346	13	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	346	14	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	346	15	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	346	16	accountable	accountable	ADJ
cblr-14241	346	17	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	346	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	346	19	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	346	20	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	346	21	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	346	22	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	346	23	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	346	24	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	346	25	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	346	26	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	346	27	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	346	28	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	346	29	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	346	30	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	346	31	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	346	32	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	346	33	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	346	34	prevented	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	346	35	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	346	36	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cblr-14241	346	37	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cblr-14241	346	38	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	346	39	oversight	oversight	NOUN
cblr-14241	346	40	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	346	41	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	346	42	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	346	43	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	346	44	occurs	occur	VERB
cblr-14241	346	45	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	346	46	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	346	47	watch	watch	NOUN
cblr-14241	346	48	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	347	1	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	347	2	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	347	3	holding	holding	NOUN
cblr-14241	347	4	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	347	5	reached	reach	VERB
cblr-14241	347	6	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	347	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	347	8	broker	broker	NOUN
cblr-14241	347	9	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	347	10	dealer	dealer	NOUN
cblr-14241	347	11	context	context	NOUN
cblr-14241	347	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	347	13	so	so	ADV
cblr-14241	347	14	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	347	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	347	16	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	347	17	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	347	18	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	347	19	original	original	ADJ
cblr-14241	347	20	repudiation	repudiation	NOUN
cblr-14241	347	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	347	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	347	23	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	347	24	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	347	25	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	347	26	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	347	27	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	347	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	348	1	just	just	ADV
cblr-14241	348	2	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	348	3	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
cblr-14241	348	4	case	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	5	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	6	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	348	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	348	8	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	348	9	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	10	expanded	expand	VERB
cblr-14241	348	11	upon	upon	SCONJ
cblr-14241	348	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	348	13	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	348	14	decision	decision	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	15	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	348	16	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
cblr-14241	348	17	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	348	18	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	19	entirely	entirely	ADV
cblr-14241	348	20	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	348	21	bringing	bring	VERB
cblr-14241	348	22	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	23	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	348	24	20	20	NUM
cblr-14241	348	25	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	348	26	closer	close	ADJ
cblr-14241	348	27	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	348	28	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	348	29	goals	goal	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	30	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	348	31	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	32	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	348	33	expand	expand	VERB
cblr-14241	348	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	348	35	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	36	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	348	37	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	348	38	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	39	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	348	40	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	348	41	broker	broker	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	42	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	348	43	dealer	dealer	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	44	context	context	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	45	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	348	46	encompass	encompass	VERB
cblr-14241	348	47	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	348	48	wide	wide	ADJ
cblr-14241	348	49	range	range	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	50	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	348	51	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	52	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	53	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
cblr-14241	348	54	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	349	1	84	84	NUM
cblr-14241	349	2	michael	michael	PROPN
cblr-14241	349	3	a.	a.	NOUN
cblr-14241	349	4	bednarz	bednarz	PROPN
cblr-14241	349	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	349	6	let	let	VERB
cblr-14241	349	7	's	us	PRON
cblr-14241	349	8	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	349	9	frank	frank	VERB
cblr-14241	349	10	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	349	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	349	12	future	future	ADJ
cblr-14241	349	13	direction	direction	NOUN
cblr-14241	349	14	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	349	15	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	349	16	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	349	17	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	349	18	remains	remain	VERB
cblr-14241	349	19	uncertain	uncertain	ADJ
cblr-14241	349	20	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	349	21	46	46	NUM
cblr-14241	349	22	suffolk	suffolk	PROPN
cblr-14241	349	23	u.	u.	PROPN
cblr-14241	349	24	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	349	25	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	349	26	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	349	27	551	551	NUM
cblr-14241	349	28	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	349	29	562	562	NUM
cblr-14241	349	30	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	349	31	2013	2013	NUM
cblr-14241	349	32	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	349	33	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	350	1	85	85	NUM
cblr-14241	350	2	marbury	marbury	PROPN
cblr-14241	350	3	mgmt	mgmt	PROPN
cblr-14241	350	4	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	350	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	350	6	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	350	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	351	1	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	351	2	kohn	kohn	PROPN
cblr-14241	351	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	351	4	629	629	NUM
cblr-14241	351	5	f.2d	f.2d	SYM
cblr-14241	351	6	705	705	NUM
cblr-14241	351	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	351	8	716	716	NUM
cblr-14241	351	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	351	10	2d	2d	NUM
cblr-14241	351	11	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	351	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	352	1	1980	1980	NUM
cblr-14241	352	2	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	352	3	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	352	4	internal	internal	ADJ
cblr-14241	352	5	citations	citation	NOUN
cblr-14241	352	6	omitted	omit	VERB
cblr-14241	352	7	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	352	8	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	352	9	citing	cite	VERB
cblr-14241	352	10	zweig	zweig	PROPN
cblr-14241	352	11	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	352	12	hearst	hearst	PROPN
cblr-14241	352	13	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	352	14	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	352	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	352	16	521	521	NUM
cblr-14241	352	17	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cblr-14241	352	18	1129	1129	NUM
cblr-14241	352	19	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	352	20	1134–35	1134–35	NUM
cblr-14241	352	21	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	352	22	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	352	23	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	352	24	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	352	25	1975	1975	NUM
cblr-14241	352	26	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	352	27	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	352	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	353	1	86	86	NUM
cblr-14241	354	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	354	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	354	3	87	87	NUM
cblr-14241	355	1	i	i	PROPN
cblr-14241	355	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	355	3	898	898	PROPN
cblr-14241	355	4	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	355	5	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	6	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	355	7	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	8	[	[	X
cblr-14241	355	9	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	10	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	11	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	355	12	part	part	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	13	iii	iii	PROPN
cblr-14241	355	14	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	355	15	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	16	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	355	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	355	18	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	355	19	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	355	20	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	21	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	355	22	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	23	much	much	ADJ
cblr-14241	355	24	ink	ink	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	25	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	355	26	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	355	27	spilled	spill	VERB
cblr-14241	355	28	discussing	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	355	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	355	30	role	role	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	31	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	355	32	outside	outside	ADJ
cblr-14241	355	33	third	third	ADJ
cblr-14241	355	34	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	355	35	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	36	affiliates	affiliate	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	37	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	355	38	corporations	corporation	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	39	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	355	40	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	355	41	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	355	42	attorneys	attorney	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	43	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	355	44	accountants	accountant	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	45	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	355	46	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	355	47	underwriters	underwriter	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	48	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	355	49	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	355	50	gatekeepers.88	gatekeepers.88	PROPN
cblr-14241	355	51	less	less	ADV
cblr-14241	355	52	scholarship	scholarship	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	53	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	355	54	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	355	55	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	355	56	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	355	57	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	355	58	written	write	VERB
cblr-14241	355	59	regarding	regard	VERB
cblr-14241	355	60	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	355	61	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
cblr-14241	355	62	function	function	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	63	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	355	64	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	355	65	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	66	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	355	67	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	355	68	themselves	themselves	PRON
cblr-14241	355	69	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	356	1	due	due	ADP
cblr-14241	356	2	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	356	3	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	356	4	close	close	ADJ
cblr-14241	356	5	involvement	involvement	NOUN
cblr-14241	356	6	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	356	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	356	8	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	356	9	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	356	10	today	today	NOUN
cblr-14241	356	11	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	356	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	356	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	356	14	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cblr-14241	356	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	356	16	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	356	17	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	356	18	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	356	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	356	20	potential	potential	NOUN
cblr-14241	356	21	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	356	22	provide	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	356	23	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	356	24	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	356	25	immediate	immediate	ADJ
cblr-14241	356	26	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
cblr-14241	356	27	function	function	NOUN
cblr-14241	356	28	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	356	29	greater	great	ADJ
cblr-14241	356	30	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cblr-14241	356	31	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	356	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	356	33	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	356	34	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	357	1	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
cblr-14241	357	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	357	3	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	357	4	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	357	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	357	6	ability	ability	NOUN
cblr-14241	357	7	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	357	8	oversee	oversee	VERB
cblr-14241	357	9	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	357	10	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	358	1	marc	marc	PROPN
cblr-14241	358	2	i.	i.	PROPN
cblr-14241	358	3	steinberg	steinberg	PROPN
cblr-14241	358	4	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	358	5	forrest	forrest	PROPN
cblr-14241	358	6	c.	c.	PROPN
cblr-14241	358	7	roberts	roberts	PROPN
cblr-14241	358	8	discuss	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	358	9	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	10	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	358	11	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	12	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	358	13	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	14	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	358	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	358	16	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	17	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	358	18	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	358	19	context.89	context.89	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	20	discussing	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	358	21	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	358	22	role	role	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	23	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	358	24	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	358	25	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	26	actions	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	27	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	358	28	holding	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	358	29	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	30	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	31	accountable	accountable	ADJ
cblr-14241	358	32	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	358	33	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	358	34	authors	author	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	35	focus	focus	VERB
cblr-14241	358	36	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	358	37	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	358	38	role	role	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	39	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	358	40	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	358	41	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	358	42	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	358	43	using	use	VERB
cblr-14241	358	44	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	45	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	358	46	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	358	47	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	358	48	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	358	49	tool	tool	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	50	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	358	51	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	358	52	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	53	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	358	54	fulfil	fulfil	VERB
cblr-14241	358	55	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	358	56	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	358	57	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cblr-14241	358	58	obligations	obligation	NOUN
cblr-14241	358	59	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	359	1	”90	”90	PUNCT
cblr-14241	360	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	360	2	authors	author	NOUN
cblr-14241	360	3	contend	contend	VERB
cblr-14241	360	4	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	360	5	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	360	6	invocation	invocation	NOUN
cblr-14241	360	7	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	360	8	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	360	9	provision	provision	NOUN
cblr-14241	360	10	[	[	X
cblr-14241	360	11	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	360	12	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	360	13	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	360	14	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	360	15	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	360	16	provide	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	360	17	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	360	18	powerful	powerful	ADJ
cblr-14241	360	19	incentive	incentive	NOUN
cblr-14241	360	20	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	360	21	executives	executive	NOUN
cblr-14241	360	22	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	360	23	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	360	24	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	360	25	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	360	26	deeply	deeply	ADV
cblr-14241	360	27	acknowledge	acknowledge	VERB
cblr-14241	360	28	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	360	29	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	360	30	respective	respective	ADJ
cblr-14241	360	31	companies	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	360	32	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	360	33	comply	comply	VERB
cblr-14241	360	34	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	360	35	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	360	36	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	360	37	—	—	PUNCT
cblr-14241	360	38	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	360	39	face	face	VERB
cblr-14241	360	40	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	360	41	sobering	sobering	ADJ
cblr-14241	360	42	reality	reality	NOUN
cblr-14241	360	43	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	360	44	being	be	AUX
cblr-14241	360	45	named	name	VERB
cblr-14241	360	46	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	360	47	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	360	48	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	360	49	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cblr-14241	360	50	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	360	51	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	361	1	”91	”91	VERB
cblr-14241	362	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	362	2	power	power	NOUN
cblr-14241	362	3	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	362	4	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	362	5	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	362	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	362	7	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	362	8	inducing	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	362	9	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	362	10	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	362	11	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	362	12	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	362	13	serve	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	362	14	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	362	15	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	362	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	362	17	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	362	18	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	362	19	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	362	20	used	use	VERB
cblr-14241	362	21	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	362	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	362	23	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	362	24	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	362	25	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	362	26	private	private	ADJ
cblr-14241	362	27	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	362	28	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	362	29	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	362	30	only	only	ADV
cblr-14241	362	31	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	362	32	enhanced	enhance	VERB
cblr-14241	362	33	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	362	34	adopting	adopt	VERB
cblr-14241	362	35	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	362	36	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	362	37	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	362	38	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	362	39	friendly	friendly	ADJ
cblr-14241	362	40	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	362	41	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	362	42	pleading	pleading	NOUN
cblr-14241	362	43	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	362	44	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	362	45	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	363	1	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	363	2	most	most	ADJ
cblr-14241	363	3	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	363	4	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	363	5	takes	take	VERB
cblr-14241	363	6	place	place	NOUN
cblr-14241	363	7	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	363	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	363	9	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	363	10	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	363	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	363	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	363	13	full	full	ADJ
cblr-14241	363	14	potential	potential	NOUN
cblr-14241	363	15	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	363	16	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	363	17	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	363	18	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	363	19	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	363	20	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	363	21	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	363	22	realized	realize	VERB
cblr-14241	363	23	unless	unless	SCONJ
cblr-14241	363	24	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	363	25	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	363	26	akin	akin	ADJ
cblr-14241	363	27	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	363	28	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	363	29	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	363	30	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	363	31	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	363	32	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	363	33	becomes	become	VERB
cblr-14241	363	34	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	363	35	widespread	widespread	ADJ
cblr-14241	363	36	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	364	1	88	88	NUM
cblr-14241	364	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	364	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	364	4	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cblr-14241	364	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	364	6	john	john	PROPN
cblr-14241	364	7	c.	c.	PROPN
cblr-14241	364	8	coffee	coffee	PROPN
cblr-14241	364	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	364	10	jr	jr	PROPN
cblr-14241	364	11	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	364	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	364	13	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	364	14	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	364	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	364	16	professions	profession	NOUN
cblr-14241	364	17	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	364	18	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	364	19	governance	governance	NOUN
cblr-14241	364	20	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	364	21	2006	2006	NUM
cblr-14241	364	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	364	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	365	1	89	89	NUM
cblr-14241	365	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	365	3	generally	generally	ADV
cblr-14241	365	4	marc	marc	PROPN
cblr-14241	365	5	i.	i.	PROPN
cblr-14241	365	6	steinberg	steinberg	PROPN
cblr-14241	365	7	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	365	8	forrest	forrest	PROPN
cblr-14241	365	9	c.	c.	PROPN
cblr-14241	365	10	roberts	roberts	PROPN
cblr-14241	365	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	365	12	laxity	laxity	NOUN
cblr-14241	365	13	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	365	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	365	15	gates	gate	NOUN
cblr-14241	365	16	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	365	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	365	18	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	365	19	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	365	20	neglect	neglect	NOUN
cblr-14241	365	21	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	365	22	enforce	enforce	VERB
cblr-14241	365	23	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	365	24	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	365	25	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	365	26	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	365	27	11	11	NUM
cblr-14241	365	28	va	va	NOUN
cblr-14241	365	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	365	30	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	365	31	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	365	32	bus	bus	PROPN
cblr-14241	365	33	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	366	1	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	366	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	366	3	201	201	NUM
cblr-14241	366	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	366	5	2017	2017	NUM
cblr-14241	366	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	366	7	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	367	1	90	90	NUM
cblr-14241	368	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	368	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	368	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	368	4	201	201	NUM
cblr-14241	368	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	369	1	91	91	NUM
cblr-14241	370	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	370	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	370	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	370	4	247	247	NUM
cblr-14241	370	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	371	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	371	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	372	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	372	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	372	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	372	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	6	899	899	NUM
cblr-14241	372	7	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	372	8	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	9	provides	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	372	10	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	372	11	powerful	powerful	ADJ
cblr-14241	372	12	incentive	incentive	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	13	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	372	14	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	372	15	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	16	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	372	17	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	18	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	372	19	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	372	20	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	372	21	businesses	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	22	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	372	23	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	372	24	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	372	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	372	26	most	most	ADV
cblr-14241	372	27	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	372	28	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	29	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	372	30	positions	position	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	31	entail.92	entail.92	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	32	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	33	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	372	34	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	35	each	each	PRON
cblr-14241	372	36	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	372	37	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	372	38	roles	role	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	39	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	372	40	play	play	VERB
cblr-14241	372	41	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	372	42	monitoring	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	372	43	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	372	44	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	45	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	372	46	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	47	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	372	48	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	372	49	preventing	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	372	50	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	372	51	wrongdoings	wrongdoing	NOUN
cblr-14241	372	52	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	373	1	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	373	2	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	373	3	best	well	ADV
cblr-14241	373	4	suited	suited	ADJ
cblr-14241	373	5	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	373	6	monitoring	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	373	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	373	8	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	373	9	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	373	10	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	373	11	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	373	12	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	373	13	activities	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	373	14	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	373	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	373	16	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	373	17	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	374	1	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	374	2	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	374	3	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	374	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	374	5	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	374	6	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	374	7	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	374	8	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	374	9	position	position	NOUN
cblr-14241	374	10	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	374	11	prevent	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	374	12	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	374	13	whom	whom	PRON
cblr-14241	374	14	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	374	15	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	374	16	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	374	17	committing	commit	VERB
cblr-14241	374	18	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	374	19	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	374	20	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	374	21	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	374	22	implicate	implicate	VERB
cblr-14241	374	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	374	24	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	374	25	themselves	themselves	PRON
cblr-14241	374	26	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	374	27	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	374	28	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	374	29	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	374	30	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	374	31	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	374	32	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	375	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	375	2	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	375	3	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	375	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	375	5	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	375	6	hand	hand	NOUN
cblr-14241	375	7	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	375	8	well	well	ADV
cblr-14241	375	9	placed	place	VERB
cblr-14241	375	10	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	375	11	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	375	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	375	13	activities	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	375	14	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	375	15	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	375	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	376	1	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	376	2	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	3	ensures	ensure	VERB
cblr-14241	376	4	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	376	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	376	6	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	7	both	both	PRON
cblr-14241	376	8	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	376	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	376	10	monitors	monitor	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	11	–	–	PUNCT
cblr-14241	376	12	making	make	VERB
cblr-14241	376	13	sure	sure	ADJ
cblr-14241	376	14	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	376	15	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	16	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	376	17	performs	perform	VERB
cblr-14241	376	18	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	376	19	role	role	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	20	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	376	21	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	22	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	376	23	regard	regard	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	24	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	376	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	376	26	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	27	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	376	28	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	376	29	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	376	30	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	31	functions	function	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	32	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	376	33	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	376	34	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	35	—	—	PUNCT
cblr-14241	376	36	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	376	37	do	do	AUX
cblr-14241	376	38	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	376	39	themselves	themselves	PRON
cblr-14241	376	40	engage	engage	VERB
cblr-14241	376	41	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	376	42	wrongful	wrongful	ADJ
cblr-14241	376	43	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	44	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	376	45	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	376	46	bring	bring	VERB
cblr-14241	376	47	them	they	PRON
cblr-14241	376	48	afoul	afoul	ADV
cblr-14241	376	49	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	376	50	federal	federal	ADJ
cblr-14241	376	51	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	52	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	376	53	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	377	1	a.	a.	NOUN
cblr-14241	377	2	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
cblr-14241	377	3	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	377	4	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	377	5	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	377	6	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	377	7	serve	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	377	8	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	377	9	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	377	10	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
cblr-14241	377	11	function	function	NOUN
cblr-14241	377	12	within	within	ADP
cblr-14241	377	13	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	377	14	organization	organization	NOUN
cblr-14241	377	15	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	378	1	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	378	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	378	3	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	378	4	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	378	5	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	378	6	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	378	7	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	378	8	operators	operator	NOUN
cblr-14241	378	9	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	378	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	378	11	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	378	12	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	378	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	378	14	ground	ground	NOUN
cblr-14241	378	15	level	level	NOUN
cblr-14241	378	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	378	17	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	378	18	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	378	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	378	20	best	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	378	21	ability	ability	NOUN
cblr-14241	378	22	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	378	23	prevent	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	378	24	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	378	25	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	378	26	federal	federal	ADJ
cblr-14241	378	27	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	378	28	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	378	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	379	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	379	2	preventing	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	379	3	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	379	4	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN
cblr-14241	379	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	379	6	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	379	7	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	379	8	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	379	9	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	379	10	underscore	underscore	VERB
cblr-14241	379	11	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	379	12	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	379	13	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	379	14	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	379	15	committed	commit	VERB
cblr-14241	379	16	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	379	17	individuals	individual	NOUN
cblr-14241	379	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	380	1	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	380	2	noted	note	VERB
cblr-14241	380	3	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	380	4	andrew	andrew	PROPN
cblr-14241	380	5	tuch	tuch	PROPN
cblr-14241	380	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	380	7	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	380	8	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	380	9	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cblr-14241	380	10	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	380	11	simply	simply	ADV
cblr-14241	380	12	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	380	13	fictional	fictional	ADJ
cblr-14241	380	14	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	380	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	380	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	380	17	relevant	relevant	ADJ
cblr-14241	380	18	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	380	19	comprising	comprise	VERB
cblr-14241	380	20	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	380	21	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	380	22	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	380	23	performed	perform	VERB
cblr-14241	380	24	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	380	25	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	380	26	individual	individual	ADJ
cblr-14241	380	27	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	380	28	individuals	individual	NOUN
cblr-14241	380	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	381	1	”93	”93	PROPN
cblr-14241	381	2	therefore,“[gatekeeper	therefore,“[gatekeeper	PROPN
cblr-14241	381	3	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	381	4	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	381	5	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	381	6	create	create	VERB
cblr-14241	381	7	incentives	incentive	NOUN
cblr-14241	381	8	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	381	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	381	10	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cblr-14241	381	11	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	381	12	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	381	13	managers	manager	NOUN
cblr-14241	381	14	92	92	NUM
cblr-14241	381	15	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	381	16	eric	eric	PROPN
cblr-14241	381	17	j.	j.	PROPN
cblr-14241	381	18	pan	pan	PROPN
cblr-14241	381	19	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	381	20	rethinking	rethink	VERB
cblr-14241	381	21	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	381	22	board	board	NOUN
cblr-14241	381	23	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	381	24	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	381	25	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	381	26	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	381	27	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	381	28	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	381	29	critical	critical	ADJ
cblr-14241	381	30	assessment	assessment	NOUN
cblr-14241	381	31	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	381	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	381	33	delaware	delaware	PROPN
cblr-14241	381	34	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cblr-14241	381	35	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	381	36	38	38	NUM
cblr-14241	381	37	fla	fla	NOUN
cblr-14241	381	38	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	382	1	st	st	PROPN
cblr-14241	382	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	382	3	u.	u.	PROPN
cblr-14241	382	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	382	5	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	382	6	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	383	1	209	209	NUM
cblr-14241	383	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	383	3	210	210	NUM
cblr-14241	383	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	383	5	2011	2011	NUM
cblr-14241	383	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	384	1	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	384	2	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	384	3	[	[	X
cblr-14241	384	4	t]he	t]he	X
cblr-14241	384	5	duty	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	384	6	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	384	7	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	384	8	serves	serve	NOUN
cblr-14241	384	9	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	384	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	384	11	best	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	384	12	means	mean	VERB
cblr-14241	384	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	384	14	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	384	15	has	have	VERB
cblr-14241	384	16	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	384	17	ensure	ensure	VERB
cblr-14241	384	18	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	384	19	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	384	20	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	384	21	attentive	attentive	ADJ
cblr-14241	384	22	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	384	23	vigilant	vigilant	ADJ
cblr-14241	384	24	against	against	ADP
cblr-14241	384	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	384	26	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN
cblr-14241	384	27	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	384	28	harm	harm	NOUN
cblr-14241	384	29	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	384	30	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	384	31	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cblr-14241	384	32	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	385	1	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	385	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	385	3	extent	extent	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	4	we	we	PRON
cblr-14241	385	5	believe	believe	VERB
cblr-14241	385	6	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	385	7	expect	expect	VERB
cblr-14241	385	8	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	385	9	board	board	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	10	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	385	11	perform	perform	VERB
cblr-14241	385	12	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	385	13	substantial	substantial	ADJ
cblr-14241	385	14	role	role	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	15	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	385	16	managing	manage	VERB
cblr-14241	385	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	385	18	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	19	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	385	20	as	as	ADV
cblr-14241	385	21	opposed	oppose	VERB
cblr-14241	385	22	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	385	23	serving	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	385	24	merely	merely	ADV
cblr-14241	385	25	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	385	26	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	27	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	385	28	approval	approval	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	29	bodies	body	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	30	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	385	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	385	32	wants	want	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	33	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	385	34	wishes	wish	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	35	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	385	36	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	37	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	385	38	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	385	39	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	385	40	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
cblr-14241	385	41	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	385	42	hold	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	385	43	boards	board	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	44	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	385	45	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	385	46	high	high	ADJ
cblr-14241	385	47	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	48	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	385	49	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	385	50	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	385	51	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	385	52	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	386	1	93	93	NUM
cblr-14241	386	2	andrew	andrew	PROPN
cblr-14241	386	3	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	386	4	tuch	tuch	PROPN
cblr-14241	386	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	386	6	multiple	multiple	ADJ
cblr-14241	386	7	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	386	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	386	9	96	96	NUM
cblr-14241	386	10	va	va	NOUN
cblr-14241	386	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	387	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	387	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	387	3	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	387	4	1583	1583	NUM
cblr-14241	387	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	387	6	1608	1608	NUM
cblr-14241	387	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	387	8	2010	2010	NUM
cblr-14241	387	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	387	10	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	388	1	900	900	NUM
cblr-14241	388	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	388	3	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	388	4	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	388	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	388	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	388	7	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	388	8	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	388	9	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	388	10	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	388	11	take	take	VERB
cblr-14241	388	12	precautions	precaution	NOUN
cblr-14241	388	13	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	388	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	388	15	exercise	exercise	NOUN
cblr-14241	388	16	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	388	17	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	388	18	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	388	19	over	over	ADP
cblr-14241	388	20	individual	individual	ADJ
cblr-14241	388	21	wrongdoers	wrongdoer	NOUN
cblr-14241	388	22	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	389	1	”94	”94	NOUN
cblr-14241	389	2	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	389	3	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	389	4	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	389	5	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	389	6	function	function	NOUN
cblr-14241	389	7	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	389	8	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	389	9	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	389	10	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	389	11	undertake	undertake	VERB
cblr-14241	389	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	390	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	390	2	discussing	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	390	3	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	390	4	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	390	5	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
cblr-14241	390	6	mandates	mandate	NOUN
cblr-14241	390	7	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	390	8	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	390	9	broadly	broadly	ADV
cblr-14241	390	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	390	11	rory	rory	PROPN
cblr-14241	390	12	van	van	PROPN
cblr-14241	390	13	loo	loo	PROPN
cblr-14241	390	14	notes	note	VERB
cblr-14241	390	15	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	390	16	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	390	17	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	390	18	strategy	strategy	NOUN
cblr-14241	390	19	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	390	20	firms	firm	NOUN
cblr-14241	390	21	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	390	22	deployed	deploy	VERB
cblr-14241	390	23	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	390	24	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	390	25	limit	limit	VERB
cblr-14241	390	26	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	390	27	visibility	visibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	390	28	into	into	ADP
cblr-14241	390	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	390	30	third	third	ADJ
cblr-14241	390	31	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	390	32	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	390	33	affairs	affair	NOUN
cblr-14241	390	34	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	390	35	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	390	36	later	later	ADV
cblr-14241	390	37	enables	enable	VERB
cblr-14241	390	38	them	they	PRON
cblr-14241	390	39	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	390	40	claim	claim	VERB
cblr-14241	390	41	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	390	42	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	390	43	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	390	44	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	390	45	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	390	46	expected	expect	VERB
cblr-14241	390	47	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	390	48	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	390	49	known	know	VERB
cblr-14241	390	50	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	391	1	”95	”95	PROPN
cblr-14241	391	2	van	van	PROPN
cblr-14241	391	3	loo	loo	NOUN
cblr-14241	391	4	goes	go	VERB
cblr-14241	391	5	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	391	6	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	391	7	say	say	VERB
cblr-14241	391	8	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	391	9	mandates	mandate	NOUN
cblr-14241	391	10	aimed	aim	VERB
cblr-14241	391	11	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	391	12	improving	improve	VERB
cblr-14241	391	13	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
cblr-14241	391	14	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	391	15	make	make	VERB
cblr-14241	391	16	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	391	17	strategy	strategy	NOUN
cblr-14241	391	18	ineffective.96	ineffective.96	PROPN
cblr-14241	391	19	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	391	20	van	van	PROPN
cblr-14241	391	21	loo	loo	NOUN
cblr-14241	391	22	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	391	23	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	391	24	discussing	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	391	25	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	391	26	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	391	27	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	391	28	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	391	29	specifically	specifically	ADV
cblr-14241	391	30	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	391	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	391	32	same	same	ADJ
cblr-14241	391	33	rationale	rationale	NOUN
cblr-14241	391	34	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	391	35	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	391	36	used	use	VERB
cblr-14241	391	37	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	391	38	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	391	39	context	context	NOUN
cblr-14241	391	40	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	392	1	higher	high	ADJ
cblr-14241	392	2	risk	risk	NOUN
cblr-14241	392	3	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	392	4	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	392	5	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	392	6	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	392	7	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	392	8	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	392	9	make	make	VERB
cblr-14241	392	10	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	392	11	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	392	12	inclined	inclined	ADJ
cblr-14241	392	13	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	392	14	implement	implement	VERB
cblr-14241	392	15	structures	structure	NOUN
cblr-14241	392	16	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	392	17	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	392	18	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	392	19	activities	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	392	20	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	392	21	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	392	22	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	392	23	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	392	24	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	393	1	b.	b.	PROPN
cblr-14241	393	2	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
cblr-14241	393	3	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	393	4	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	393	5	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	393	6	addition	addition	NOUN
cblr-14241	393	7	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	393	8	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	393	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	393	10	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	393	11	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	393	12	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	393	13	serve	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	393	14	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	393	15	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	393	16	role	role	NOUN
cblr-14241	393	17	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	393	18	preventing	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	393	19	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	393	20	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	393	21	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	393	22	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	393	23	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	393	24	acting	act	VERB
cblr-14241	393	25	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	393	26	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	393	27	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	394	1	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	394	2	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	394	3	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	394	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	394	5	given	give	VERB
cblr-14241	394	6	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	394	7	direct	direct	ADJ
cblr-14241	394	8	involvement	involvement	NOUN
cblr-14241	394	9	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	394	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	394	11	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	394	12	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	394	13	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	394	14	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	394	15	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	394	16	activities	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	394	17	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	394	18	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	394	19	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	394	20	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	394	21	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	394	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	394	23	best	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	394	24	ability	ability	NOUN
cblr-14241	394	25	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	394	26	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	394	27	employees	employee	NOUN
cblr-14241	394	28	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	394	29	agents	agent	NOUN
cblr-14241	394	30	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	394	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	394	32	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	394	33	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	394	34	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	394	35	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	394	36	able	able	ADJ
cblr-14241	394	37	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	394	38	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	394	39	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	394	40	itself	itself	PRON
cblr-14241	394	41	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	395	1	this	this	PRON
cblr-14241	395	2	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	395	3	particularly	particularly	ADV
cblr-14241	395	4	true	true	ADJ
cblr-14241	395	5	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	395	6	outside	outside	ADJ
cblr-14241	395	7	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	395	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	395	9	whose	whose	DET
cblr-14241	395	10	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	395	11	status	status	NOUN
cblr-14241	395	12	places	place	VERB
cblr-14241	395	13	them	they	PRON
cblr-14241	395	14	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	395	15	accountants	accountant	NOUN
cblr-14241	395	16	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	395	17	attorneys	attorney	NOUN
cblr-14241	395	18	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	395	19	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	395	20	specialized	specialized	ADJ
cblr-14241	395	21	ability	ability	NOUN
cblr-14241	395	22	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	395	23	gatekeep	gatekeep	VERB
cblr-14241	395	24	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	395	25	virtue	virtue	NOUN
cblr-14241	395	26	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	395	27	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	395	28	position	position	NOUN
cblr-14241	395	29	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	395	30	outsiders.97	outsiders.97	NOUN
cblr-14241	395	31	given	give	VERB
cblr-14241	395	32	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	395	33	ultimate	ultimate	ADJ
cblr-14241	395	34	ability	ability	NOUN
cblr-14241	395	35	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	395	36	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	395	37	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	395	38	all	all	DET
cblr-14241	395	39	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	395	40	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	395	41	personnel	personnel	NOUN
cblr-14241	395	42	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	395	43	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	395	44	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	395	45	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	395	46	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	395	47	unusual	unusual	ADJ
cblr-14241	395	48	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	395	49	94	94	NUM
cblr-14241	395	50	i	i	PROPN
cblr-14241	395	51	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	395	52	95	95	NUM
cblr-14241	396	1	rory	rory	PROPN
cblr-14241	396	2	van	van	PROPN
cblr-14241	396	3	loo	loo	PROPN
cblr-14241	396	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	396	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	396	6	revival	revival	NOUN
cblr-14241	396	7	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	396	8	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cblr-14241	396	9	superior	superior	ADJ
cblr-14241	396	10	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	396	11	evolution	evolution	NOUN
cblr-14241	396	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	396	13	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	396	14	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	396	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	397	1	109	109	NUM
cblr-14241	397	2	geo	geo	PROPN
cblr-14241	397	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	397	4	l.j	l.j	PROPN
cblr-14241	397	5	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	397	6	141	141	NUM
cblr-14241	397	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	397	8	162	162	NUM
cblr-14241	397	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	397	10	2020	2020	NUM
cblr-14241	397	11	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	397	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	398	1	96	96	NUM
cblr-14241	399	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	399	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	399	3	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	399	4	footnote	footnote	VERB
cblr-14241	399	5	omitted	omit	VERB
cblr-14241	399	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	399	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	399	8	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	399	9	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	399	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	399	11	very	very	ADV
cblr-14241	399	12	least	least	ADJ
cblr-14241	399	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	399	14	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	399	15	mandates	mandate	NOUN
cblr-14241	399	16	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	399	17	worth	worth	ADJ
cblr-14241	399	18	considering	consider	VERB
cblr-14241	399	19	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	399	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	399	21	context	context	NOUN
cblr-14241	399	22	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	399	23	third	third	ADJ
cblr-14241	399	24	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	399	25	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	399	26	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	399	27	because	because	SCONJ
cblr-14241	399	28	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	399	29	strategy	strategy	NOUN
cblr-14241	399	30	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	399	31	firms	firm	NOUN
cblr-14241	399	32	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	399	33	deployed	deploy	VERB
cblr-14241	399	34	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	399	35	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	399	36	limit	limit	VERB
cblr-14241	399	37	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	399	38	visibility	visibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	399	39	into	into	ADP
cblr-14241	399	40	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	399	41	third	third	ADJ
cblr-14241	399	42	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	399	43	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	399	44	affairs	affair	NOUN
cblr-14241	399	45	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	399	46	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	399	47	later	later	ADV
cblr-14241	399	48	enables	enable	VERB
cblr-14241	399	49	them	they	PRON
cblr-14241	399	50	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	399	51	claim	claim	VERB
cblr-14241	399	52	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	399	53	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	399	54	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	399	55	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	399	56	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	399	57	expected	expect	VERB
cblr-14241	399	58	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	399	59	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	399	60	known	know	VERB
cblr-14241	399	61	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	400	1	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	400	2	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
cblr-14241	400	3	mandates	mandate	NOUN
cblr-14241	400	4	make	make	VERB
cblr-14241	400	5	those	those	DET
cblr-14241	400	6	self	self	NOUN
cblr-14241	400	7	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	400	8	blinding	blind	VERB
cblr-14241	400	9	strategies	strategy	NOUN
cblr-14241	400	10	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
cblr-14241	400	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	400	12	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	400	13	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	400	14	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	1	97	97	NUM
cblr-14241	401	2	peter	peter	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	3	j.	j.	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	4	henning	henning	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	401	7	new	new	ADJ
cblr-14241	401	8	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	401	9	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	401	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	11	62	62	NUM
cblr-14241	401	12	wayne	wayne	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	13	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	14	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	15	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	16	29	29	NUM
cblr-14241	401	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	18	fn.1	fn.1	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	19	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	20	2016	2016	NUM
cblr-14241	401	21	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	22	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	23	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	401	24	reinier	reinier	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	25	h.	h.	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	26	kraakman	kraakman	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	27	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	28	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	401	29	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	401	30	strategies	strategy	NOUN
cblr-14241	401	31	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	401	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	401	33	costs	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	401	34	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	401	35	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	401	36	controls	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	401	37	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	38	93	93	NUM
cblr-14241	401	39	yale	yale	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	40	l.j	l.j	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	41	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	401	42	857	857	NUM
cblr-14241	401	43	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	44	890	890	NUM
cblr-14241	401	45	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	46	1984	1984	NUM
cblr-14241	401	47	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	48	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	401	49	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	402	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	402	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	403	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	403	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	403	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	403	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	6	901	901	NUM
cblr-14241	403	7	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	8	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	403	9	find	find	VERB
cblr-14241	403	10	themselves	themselves	PRON
cblr-14241	403	11	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	403	12	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	13	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	403	14	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	403	15	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	16	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	403	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	403	18	suit.98	suit.98	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	19	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	403	20	course	course	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	21	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	403	22	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	403	23	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	403	24	status	status	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	25	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	403	26	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	403	27	director	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	28	alone	alone	ADV
cblr-14241	403	29	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	403	30	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	403	31	render	render	VERB
cblr-14241	403	32	one	one	PRON
cblr-14241	403	33	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	403	34	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	403	35	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	36	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	403	37	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	403	38	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	403	39	director	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	40	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	403	41	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	42	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	403	43	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	403	44	shown	show	VERB
cblr-14241	403	45	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	403	46	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	403	47	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	403	48	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	403	49	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	403	50	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	51	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	403	52	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	403	53	same	same	ADJ
cblr-14241	403	54	criteria	criterion	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	55	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	403	56	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	403	57	officer.99	officer.99	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	58	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	403	59	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	403	60	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	403	61	most	most	ADV
cblr-14241	403	62	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	403	63	roles	role	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	64	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	403	65	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	403	66	board	board	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	67	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	403	68	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	403	69	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	403	70	set	set	VERB
cblr-14241	403	71	up	up	ADP
cblr-14241	403	72	guard	guard	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	73	rails	rail	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	74	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	403	75	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	403	76	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	403	77	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	78	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	403	79	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	80	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	403	81	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	403	82	protect	protect	VERB
cblr-14241	403	83	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	84	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	403	85	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	403	86	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	403	87	malfeasance	malfeasance	NOUN
cblr-14241	403	88	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	404	1	”100	”100	PUNCT
cblr-14241	404	2	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	404	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	404	4	despite	despite	SCONJ
cblr-14241	404	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	404	6	presence	presence	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	7	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	404	8	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	404	9	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	404	11	boards	board	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	12	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	404	13	many	many	ADJ
cblr-14241	404	14	cases	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	15	fail	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	404	16	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	404	17	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	404	18	serve	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	404	19	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	404	20	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
cblr-14241	404	21	function.101	function.101	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	22	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	404	23	example	example	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	24	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	404	25	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	404	26	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	404	27	2016	2016	NUM
cblr-14241	404	28	wells	wells	PROPN
cblr-14241	404	29	fargo	fargo	PROPN
cblr-14241	404	30	scandal	scandal	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	31	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	404	32	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	404	33	federal	federal	PROPN
cblr-14241	404	34	reserve	reserve	PROPN
cblr-14241	404	35	stated	state	VERB
cblr-14241	404	36	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	404	37	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	404	38	wells	wells	PROPN
cblr-14241	404	39	fargo	fargo	PROPN
cblr-14241	404	40	board	board	PROPN
cblr-14241	404	41	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	404	42	lead	lead	ADJ
cblr-14241	404	43	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	404	44	director	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	45	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	404	46	did	do	AUX
cblr-14241	404	47	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	404	48	appear	appear	VERB
cblr-14241	404	49	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	404	50	lead	lead	VERB
cblr-14241	404	51	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	404	52	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	404	53	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	54	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	404	55	pressing	press	VERB
cblr-14241	404	56	firm	firm	ADJ
cblr-14241	404	57	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	58	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	404	59	more	more	ADJ
cblr-14241	404	60	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	61	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	404	62	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	63	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	404	64	even	even	ADV
cblr-14241	404	65	after	after	SCONJ
cblr-14241	404	66	[	[	X
cblr-14241	404	67	he	he	PRON
cblr-14241	404	68	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	404	69	]	]	X
cblr-14241	404	70	aware	aware	ADJ
cblr-14241	404	71	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	404	72	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	404	73	seriousness	seriousness	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	74	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	404	75	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	404	76	problems[.]”102	problems[.]”102	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	77	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	404	78	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	79	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	404	80	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	404	81	ability	ability	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	82	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	404	83	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	404	84	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	85	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	404	86	wrongdoings	wrongdoing	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	87	—	—	PUNCT
cblr-14241	404	88	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	404	89	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	404	90	out	out	ADP
cblr-14241	404	91	purposes	purpose	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	92	specifically	specifically	ADV
cblr-14241	404	93	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	404	94	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	95	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	404	96	federal	federal	ADJ
cblr-14241	404	97	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	98	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	99	—	—	PUNCT
cblr-14241	404	100	director	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	101	oversight	oversight	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	102	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	404	103	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	404	104	lacking	lack	VERB
cblr-14241	404	105	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	404	106	many	many	ADJ
cblr-14241	404	107	critical	critical	ADJ
cblr-14241	404	108	instances	instance	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	109	director	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	110	oversight	oversight	NOUN
cblr-14241	404	111	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	405	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	405	2	increased	increase	VERB
cblr-14241	405	3	exposure	exposure	NOUN
cblr-14241	405	4	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	405	5	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	405	6	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	405	7	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	405	8	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	405	9	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	405	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	405	11	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	405	12	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	405	13	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	405	14	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	405	15	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	405	16	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	405	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	405	18	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	405	19	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	405	20	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	405	21	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	405	22	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	405	23	better	well	ADV
cblr-14241	405	24	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	405	25	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	405	26	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	405	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	405	28	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	405	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	406	1	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	406	2	example	example	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	406	4	amidst	amidst	ADP
cblr-14241	406	5	rising	rise	VERB
cblr-14241	406	6	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	406	7	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	8	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	406	9	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	10	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	406	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	406	12	1980s	1980	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	406	14	companies	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	15	started	start	VERB
cblr-14241	406	16	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	406	17	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
cblr-14241	406	18	hire	hire	VERB
cblr-14241	406	19	outside	outside	ADJ
cblr-14241	406	20	audit	audit	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	21	firms	firm	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	22	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	406	23	form	form	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	24	audit	audit	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	25	committees	committee	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	26	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	406	27	order	order	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	28	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	406	29	avoid	avoid	VERB
cblr-14241	406	30	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	406	31	98	98	NUM
cblr-14241	406	32	sandra	sandra	PROPN
cblr-14241	406	33	p.	p.	PROPN
cblr-14241	406	34	wysocki	wysocki	PROPN
cblr-14241	406	35	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	406	36	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	406	37	personal	personal	ADJ
cblr-14241	406	38	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	39	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	406	40	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	41	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	406	42	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	43	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	406	44	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	406	45	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	406	46	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	406	47	securities	securities	PROPN
cblr-14241	406	48	exchange	exchange	PROPN
cblr-14241	406	49	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	406	50	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	406	51	1934	1934	NUM
cblr-14241	406	52	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	406	53	31	31	NUM
cblr-14241	406	54	suffolk	suffolk	PROPN
cblr-14241	406	55	u.	u.	PROPN
cblr-14241	406	56	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	406	57	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	406	58	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	406	59	695	695	NUM
cblr-14241	406	60	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	406	61	695	695	NUM
cblr-14241	406	62	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	406	63	1998	1998	NUM
cblr-14241	406	64	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	406	65	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	407	1	99	99	NUM
cblr-14241	408	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	408	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	408	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	408	4	713	713	NUM
cblr-14241	408	5	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	408	6	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	408	7	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	408	8	philip	philip	PROPN
cblr-14241	408	9	servs	servs	PROPN
cblr-14241	408	10	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	409	1	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	409	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	409	3	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	409	4	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	409	5	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	409	6	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	410	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	410	2	383	383	NUM
cblr-14241	410	3	f.	f.	NOUN
cblr-14241	410	4	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	410	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	411	1	2d	2d	PROPN
cblr-14241	411	2	463	463	NUM
cblr-14241	411	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	411	4	485	485	NUM
cblr-14241	411	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	411	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	411	7	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	411	8	2004	2004	NUM
cblr-14241	411	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	412	1	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	412	2	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	412	3	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	412	4	re	re	PROPN
cblr-14241	412	5	cinar	cinar	PROPN
cblr-14241	412	6	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	412	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	412	8	sec	sec	PROPN
cblr-14241	412	9	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	412	10	litig	litig	PROPN
cblr-14241	412	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	413	1	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	413	2	186	186	NUM
cblr-14241	413	3	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	413	4	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	413	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	414	1	2d	2d	PROPN
cblr-14241	414	2	279	279	NUM
cblr-14241	414	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	414	4	309	309	NUM
cblr-14241	414	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	414	6	e.d.n.y	e.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	414	7	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	414	8	2002	2002	NUM
cblr-14241	414	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	414	10	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	414	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	415	1	100	100	NUM
cblr-14241	415	2	yaron	yaron	PROPN
cblr-14241	415	3	nili	nili	PROPN
cblr-14241	415	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	415	5	board	board	NOUN
cblr-14241	415	6	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	415	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	415	8	72	72	NUM
cblr-14241	415	9	emory	emory	PROPN
cblr-14241	415	10	l.j	l.j	PROPN
cblr-14241	415	11	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	415	12	91	91	NUM
cblr-14241	415	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	415	14	94	94	NUM
cblr-14241	415	15	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	415	16	2022	2022	NUM
cblr-14241	415	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	415	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	416	1	101	101	NUM
cblr-14241	417	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	417	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	417	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	417	4	96	96	NUM
cblr-14241	417	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	417	6	102	102	NUM
cblr-14241	418	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	418	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	418	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	418	4	97	97	NUM
cblr-14241	418	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	418	6	quoting	quote	VERB
cblr-14241	418	7	press	press	NOUN
cblr-14241	418	8	release	release	NOUN
cblr-14241	418	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	418	10	bd	bd	PROPN
cblr-14241	418	11	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	418	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	418	13	governors	governor	NOUN
cblr-14241	418	14	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	418	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	418	16	fed	fed	PROPN
cblr-14241	418	17	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	418	18	rsrv	rsrv	PROPN
cblr-14241	418	19	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	419	1	sys	sys	PROPN
cblr-14241	419	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	419	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	419	4	accountability	accountability	NOUN
cblr-14241	419	5	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	419	6	lead	lead	VERB
cblr-14241	419	7	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	419	8	director	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	419	9	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	419	10	wells	wells	PROPN
cblr-14241	419	11	fargo	fargo	PROPN
cblr-14241	419	12	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	419	13	company	company	PROPN
cblr-14241	419	14	board	board	PROPN
cblr-14241	419	15	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	419	16	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	419	17	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	419	18	feb	feb	PROPN
cblr-14241	419	19	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	419	20	2	2	NUM
cblr-14241	419	21	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	419	22	2018	2018	NUM
cblr-14241	419	23	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	419	24	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	419	25	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/files/enf2018020	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/files/enf2018020	PROPN
cblr-14241	419	26	2a3.pdf	2a3.pdf	NUM
cblr-14241	419	27	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	419	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	420	1	902	902	NUM
cblr-14241	420	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	420	3	business	business	PROPN
cblr-14241	420	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	420	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	420	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	420	7	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	420	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	420	9	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	420	10	exposure.103	exposure.103	NOUN
cblr-14241	420	11	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	420	12	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	420	13	know	know	VERB
cblr-14241	420	14	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	420	15	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	420	16	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	420	17	face	face	VERB
cblr-14241	420	18	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	420	19	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	420	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	420	21	wrongdoings	wrongdoing	NOUN
cblr-14241	420	22	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	420	23	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	420	24	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	420	25	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	420	26	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	420	27	likely	likely	ADJ
cblr-14241	420	28	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	420	29	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	420	30	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	420	31	inclined	inclined	ADJ
cblr-14241	420	32	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	420	33	closely	closely	ADV
cblr-14241	420	34	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	420	35	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	420	36	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	420	37	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	420	38	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	421	1	outside	outside	ADJ
cblr-14241	421	2	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	421	3	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	421	4	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	421	5	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	421	6	unique	unique	ADJ
cblr-14241	421	7	ability	ability	NOUN
cblr-14241	421	8	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	421	9	act	act	VERB
cblr-14241	421	10	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	421	11	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	421	12	due	due	ADP
cblr-14241	421	13	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	421	14	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	421	15	unique	unique	ADJ
cblr-14241	421	16	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cblr-14241	421	17	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	421	18	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	421	19	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	422	1	most	most	ADJ
cblr-14241	422	2	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	422	3	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	422	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	422	5	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	422	6	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	422	7	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
cblr-14241	422	8	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	422	9	accountants	accountant	NOUN
cblr-14241	422	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	422	11	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	422	12	hired	hire	VERB
cblr-14241	422	13	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	422	14	fired	fire	VERB
cblr-14241	422	15	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	422	16	management.104	management.104	PROPN
cblr-14241	422	17	therefore	therefore	ADV
cblr-14241	422	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	422	19	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	422	20	managers	manager	NOUN
cblr-14241	422	21	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	422	22	become	become	VERB
cblr-14241	422	23	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	422	24	'	'	PART
cblr-14241	422	25	real	real	ADJ
cblr-14241	422	26	principals	principal	NOUN
cblr-14241	422	27	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	423	1	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	423	2	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	423	3	result	result	NOUN
cblr-14241	423	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	423	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	423	6	watchdogs	watchdog	NOUN
cblr-14241	423	7	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	423	8	become	become	VERB
cblr-14241	423	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	423	10	pets	pet	NOUN
cblr-14241	423	11	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	423	12	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	423	13	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	423	14	feed	feed	VERB
cblr-14241	423	15	them	they	PRON
cblr-14241	423	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	424	1	”105	”105	ADJ
cblr-14241	424	2	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	424	3	possible	possible	ADJ
cblr-14241	424	4	solution	solution	NOUN
cblr-14241	424	5	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	424	6	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	424	7	problem	problem	NOUN
cblr-14241	424	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	424	9	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	424	10	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	424	11	incentivize	incentivize	VERB
cblr-14241	424	12	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	424	13	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	424	14	act	act	VERB
cblr-14241	424	15	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	424	16	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	424	17	themselves	themselves	PRON
cblr-14241	424	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	424	19	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	424	20	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	424	21	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	424	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	424	23	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	424	24	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	424	25	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	424	26	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	424	27	ensure	ensure	VERB
cblr-14241	424	28	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	424	29	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	424	30	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	424	31	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	424	32	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	424	33	violating	violate	VERB
cblr-14241	424	34	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	424	35	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	424	36	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	425	1	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	425	2	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	425	3	regime	regime	NOUN
cblr-14241	425	4	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	425	5	gives	give	VERB
cblr-14241	425	6	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	425	7	increased	increase	VERB
cblr-14241	425	8	exposure	exposure	NOUN
cblr-14241	425	9	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	425	10	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	425	11	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	425	12	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	425	13	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	425	14	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	425	15	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	425	16	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	425	17	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	425	18	viable	viable	ADJ
cblr-14241	425	19	solution	solution	NOUN
cblr-14241	425	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	426	1	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	426	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	426	3	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	426	4	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	5	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	426	6	serve	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	426	7	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	426	8	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	426	9	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	426	10	safeguard	safeguard	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	11	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	426	12	situations	situation	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	13	where	where	SCONJ
cblr-14241	426	14	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	426	15	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	16	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	426	17	become	become	VERB
cblr-14241	426	18	creatures	creature	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	19	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	426	20	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	21	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	426	22	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	426	23	is	be	VERB
cblr-14241	426	24	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	426	25	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	26	within	within	ADP
cblr-14241	426	27	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	426	28	governance	governance	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	29	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	426	30	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	426	31	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	426	32	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	426	33	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	426	34	what	what	DET
cblr-14241	426	35	degree	degree	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	36	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	426	37	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	426	38	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	39	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	426	40	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	426	41	co	co	VERB
cblr-14241	426	42	-	-	VERB
cblr-14241	426	43	opted	opt	VERB
cblr-14241	426	44	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	426	45	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	46	themselves.106	themselves.106	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	47	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	48	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	49	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	426	50	defending	defend	VERB
cblr-14241	426	51	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	426	52	interests	interest	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	53	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	426	54	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	55	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	426	56	particularly	particularly	ADV
cblr-14241	426	57	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	426	58	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	426	59	interests	interest	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	60	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	426	61	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	426	62	conflict	conflict	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	63	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	426	64	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	426	65	self	self	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	66	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	426	67	interested	interested	ADJ
cblr-14241	426	68	goals	goal	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	69	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	426	70	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	71	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	426	72	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	426	73	arguably	arguably	ADV
cblr-14241	426	74	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	426	75	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	426	76	most	most	ADV
cblr-14241	426	77	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	426	78	functions	function	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	79	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	426	80	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	426	81	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	426	82	director	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	426	83	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	427	1	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	427	2	board	board	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	3	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	427	4	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	427	5	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	427	6	co	co	VERB
cblr-14241	427	7	-	-	VERB
cblr-14241	427	8	opted	opt	VERB
cblr-14241	427	9	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	427	10	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	11	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	427	12	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	427	13	lead	lead	VERB
cblr-14241	427	14	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	427	15	less	less	ADJ
cblr-14241	427	16	monitoring.107	monitoring.107	NUM
cblr-14241	427	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	427	18	extent	extent	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	19	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	427	20	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	427	21	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	427	22	board	board	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	23	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	427	24	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	427	25	co	co	VERB
cblr-14241	427	26	-	-	VERB
cblr-14241	427	27	opted	opted	ADJ
cblr-14241	427	28	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	427	29	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	427	30	ascertained	ascertain	VERB
cblr-14241	427	31	through	through	ADP
cblr-14241	427	32	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	427	33	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	427	34	fraction	fraction	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	35	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	427	36	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	427	37	board	board	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	38	comprised	comprise	VERB
cblr-14241	427	39	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	427	40	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	41	appointed	appoint	VERB
cblr-14241	427	42	after	after	ADP
cblr-14241	427	43	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	427	44	ceo	ceo	PROPN
cblr-14241	427	45	103	103	NUM
cblr-14241	427	46	john	john	PROPN
cblr-14241	427	47	w.	w.	PROPN
cblr-14241	427	48	eichenseher	eichenseher	PROPN
cblr-14241	427	49	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	427	50	david	david	PROPN
cblr-14241	427	51	shield	shield	PROPN
cblr-14241	427	52	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	427	53	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	427	54	director	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	55	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	56	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	427	57	monitoring	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	427	58	preferences	preference	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	59	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	427	60	4	4	NUM
cblr-14241	427	61	journal	journal	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	62	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	427	63	accounting	accounting	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	64	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	427	65	public	public	ADJ
cblr-14241	427	66	policy	policy	NOUN
cblr-14241	427	67	1	1	NUM
cblr-14241	427	68	13	13	NUM
cblr-14241	427	69	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	427	70	16	16	NUM
cblr-14241	427	71	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	427	72	1985	1985	NUM
cblr-14241	427	73	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	427	74	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	428	1	104	104	NUM
cblr-14241	428	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	428	3	merritt	merritt	PROPN
cblr-14241	428	4	b.	b.	PROPN
cblr-14241	428	5	fox	fox	PROPN
cblr-14241	428	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	428	7	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	428	8	failures	failure	NOUN
cblr-14241	428	9	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	428	10	why	why	SCONJ
cblr-14241	428	11	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	428	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	428	13	what	what	PRON
cblr-14241	428	14	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	428	15	do	do	AUX
cblr-14241	428	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	428	17	106	106	NUM
cblr-14241	428	18	mich	mich	PROPN
cblr-14241	428	19	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	429	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	429	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	429	3	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	429	4	1089	1089	NUM
cblr-14241	429	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	429	6	1092	1092	NUM
cblr-14241	429	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	429	8	2008	2008	NUM
cblr-14241	429	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	429	10	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	430	1	105	105	NUM
cblr-14241	431	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	431	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	431	3	106	106	NUM
cblr-14241	431	4	s.	s.	PROPN
cblr-14241	431	5	burcu	burcu	VERB
cblr-14241	431	6	avci	avci	PROPN
cblr-14241	431	7	et	et	PROPN
cblr-14241	431	8	al	al	PROPN
cblr-14241	431	9	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	431	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	431	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	431	12	elusive	elusive	ADJ
cblr-14241	431	13	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	431	14	function	function	NOUN
cblr-14241	431	15	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	431	16	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	431	17	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	431	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	431	19	21	21	NUM
cblr-14241	431	20	u.	u.	PROPN
cblr-14241	431	21	pa	pa	PROPN
cblr-14241	431	22	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	431	23	j.	j.	PROPN
cblr-14241	431	24	bus	bus	PROPN
cblr-14241	431	25	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	432	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	432	2	235	235	NUM
cblr-14241	432	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	432	4	260	260	NUM
cblr-14241	432	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	432	6	2018	2018	NUM
cblr-14241	432	7	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	432	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	433	1	107	107	NUM
cblr-14241	433	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	433	3	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	433	4	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	433	5	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	433	6	260	260	NUM
cblr-14241	433	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	433	8	citing	cite	VERB
cblr-14241	433	9	jeffrey	jeffrey	PROPN
cblr-14241	433	10	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	433	11	coles	coles	PROPN
cblr-14241	433	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	433	13	et	et	PROPN
cblr-14241	433	14	al	al	PROPN
cblr-14241	433	15	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	433	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	433	17	co	co	VERB
cblr-14241	433	18	-	-	ADJ
cblr-14241	433	19	opted	opt	VERB
cblr-14241	433	20	boards	board	NOUN
cblr-14241	433	21	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	433	22	27	27	NUM
cblr-14241	433	23	rev	rev	X
cblr-14241	433	24	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	433	25	fin	fin	NOUN
cblr-14241	433	26	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	433	27	stud	stud	PROPN
cblr-14241	433	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	434	1	1751	1751	NUM
cblr-14241	434	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	434	3	1753	1753	NUM
cblr-14241	434	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	434	5	2014	2014	NUM
cblr-14241	434	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	434	7	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	434	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	435	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	435	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	436	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	436	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	436	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	436	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	436	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	436	6	903	903	NUM
cblr-14241	436	7	assumed	assume	VERB
cblr-14241	436	8	office	office	NOUN
cblr-14241	436	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	436	10	making	make	VERB
cblr-14241	436	11	them	they	PRON
cblr-14241	436	12	likelier	likeli	ADJ
cblr-14241	436	13	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	436	14	side	side	VERB
cblr-14241	436	15	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	436	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	436	17	ceo	ceo	NOUN
cblr-14241	436	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	436	19	”108	”108	PROPN
cblr-14241	437	1	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	437	2	study	study	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	3	found	find	VERB
cblr-14241	437	4	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	437	5	many	many	ADJ
cblr-14241	437	6	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	437	7	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	8	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	437	9	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	437	10	co	co	VERB
cblr-14241	437	11	-	-	VERB
cblr-14241	437	12	opted	opt	VERB
cblr-14241	437	13	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	437	14	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	15	based	base	VERB
cblr-14241	437	16	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	437	17	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	437	18	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	19	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	437	20	insider	insider	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	21	trading	trading	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	22	schemes.109	schemes.109	VERB
cblr-14241	437	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	437	24	authors	author	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	25	postulate	postulate	VERB
cblr-14241	437	26	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	437	27	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	437	28	[	[	X
cblr-14241	437	29	i]f	i]f	VERB
cblr-14241	437	30	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	437	31	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	32	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	437	33	effective	effective	ADJ
cblr-14241	437	34	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	437	35	monitoring	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	437	36	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	437	37	executives	executive	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	38	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	437	39	then	then	ADV
cblr-14241	437	40	we	we	PRON
cblr-14241	437	41	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	437	42	expect	expect	VERB
cblr-14241	437	43	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	437	44	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	437	45	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	437	46	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	437	47	heavy	heavy	ADJ
cblr-14241	437	48	sellers	seller	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	49	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	437	50	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	51	stock	stock	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	52	during	during	ADP
cblr-14241	437	53	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	437	54	class	class	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	55	action	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	56	period	period	NOUN
cblr-14241	437	57	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	438	1	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	438	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	438	3	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	438	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	438	5	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	438	6	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	438	7	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	438	8	coopted	coopte	VERB
cblr-14241	438	9	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	438	10	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	438	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	438	12	we	we	PRON
cblr-14241	438	13	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	438	14	expect	expect	VERB
cblr-14241	438	15	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	438	16	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	438	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	438	18	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	438	19	respect	respect	NOUN
cblr-14241	438	20	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	438	21	selling	sell	VERB
cblr-14241	438	22	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	438	23	shares	share	NOUN
cblr-14241	438	24	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	438	25	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	438	26	stock	stock	NOUN
cblr-14241	438	27	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	438	28	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	438	29	coincide	coincide	VERB
cblr-14241	438	30	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	438	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	438	32	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	438	33	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	438	34	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	438	35	members	member	NOUN
cblr-14241	438	36	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	438	37	top	top	ADJ
cblr-14241	438	38	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	438	39	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	438	40	”110	”110	PUNCT
cblr-14241	439	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	439	2	results	result	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	3	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	439	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	439	5	study	study	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	6	indicate	indicate	VERB
cblr-14241	439	7	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	439	8	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	439	9	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	439	10	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	439	12	along	along	ADP
cblr-14241	439	13	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	439	14	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	439	16	trade	trade	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	17	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	439	18	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	439	19	sell	sell	VERB
cblr-14241	439	20	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	439	21	intensely	intensely	ADV
cblr-14241	439	22	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	439	23	earn	earn	VERB
cblr-14241	439	24	large	large	ADJ
cblr-14241	439	25	abnormal	abnormal	ADJ
cblr-14241	439	26	profits	profit	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	27	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	439	28	material	material	ADJ
cblr-14241	439	29	non	non	ADJ
cblr-14241	439	30	-	-	ADJ
cblr-14241	439	31	public	public	ADJ
cblr-14241	439	32	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	33	during	during	ADP
cblr-14241	439	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	439	35	class	class	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	36	period	period	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	37	[	[	X
cblr-14241	439	38	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	439	39	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	439	40	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	439	41	thereby	thereby	ADV
cblr-14241	439	42	suggesting	suggest	VERB
cblr-14241	439	43	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	439	44	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	439	45	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	46	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	439	47	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	439	48	coopted	coopte	VERB
cblr-14241	439	49	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	439	50	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	51	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	439	52	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	439	53	large	large	ADJ
cblr-14241	439	54	degree.111	degree.111	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	55	given	give	VERB
cblr-14241	439	56	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	439	57	risk	risk	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	58	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	439	59	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	439	60	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	61	being	be	AUX
cblr-14241	439	62	co	co	VERB
cblr-14241	439	63	-	-	VERB
cblr-14241	439	64	opted	opt	VERB
cblr-14241	439	65	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	439	66	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	67	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	439	68	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	439	69	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	439	70	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	439	71	prudent	prudent	ADJ
cblr-14241	439	72	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	439	73	give	give	VERB
cblr-14241	439	74	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	75	exposure	exposure	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	76	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	439	77	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	439	78	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	440	1	aside	aside	ADV
cblr-14241	440	2	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	440	3	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	440	4	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	440	5	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	440	6	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	440	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	440	8	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	440	9	avenues	avenue	NOUN
cblr-14241	440	10	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	440	11	imposing	impose	VERB
cblr-14241	440	12	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	440	13	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	440	14	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	440	15	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	440	16	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	440	17	failure	failure	NOUN
cblr-14241	440	18	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	440	19	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	440	20	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	440	21	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	440	22	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
cblr-14241	440	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	441	1	excluding	exclude	VERB
cblr-14241	441	2	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	3	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	441	4	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	441	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	441	6	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	7	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	441	8	often	often	ADV
cblr-14241	441	9	protected	protect	VERB
cblr-14241	441	10	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	441	11	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	12	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	441	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	441	14	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	15	judgement	judgement	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	16	rule	rule	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	441	18	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	441	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	441	20	need	need	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	21	for	for	SCONJ
cblr-14241	441	22	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	23	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	441	24	make	make	VERB
cblr-14241	441	25	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	441	26	showing	showing	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	27	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	441	28	bad	bad	ADJ
cblr-14241	441	29	faith.112	faith.112	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	30	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	441	31	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	441	32	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	441	33	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	34	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	441	35	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	36	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	441	37	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	38	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	441	39	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	441	40	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	441	41	outside	outside	ADJ
cblr-14241	441	42	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	43	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	441	44	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	441	45	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	441	46	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	441	47	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	441	48	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	441	49	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	441	50	[	[	X
cblr-14241	441	51	]	]	X
cblr-14241	441	52	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	441	53	participated	participate	VERB
cblr-14241	441	54	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	441	55	[	[	PUNCT
cblr-14241	441	56	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	441	57	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	58	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	441	59	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	441	60	operations	operation	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	61	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	441	62	exerted	exert	VERB
cblr-14241	441	63	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	441	64	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	441	65	influence	influence	NOUN
cblr-14241	441	66	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	441	67	therein	therein	ADV
cblr-14241	441	68	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	442	1	”113	”113	PUNCT
cblr-14241	442	2	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	442	3	peltz	peltz	PROPN
cblr-14241	442	4	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	442	5	polyphase	polyphase	PROPN
cblr-14241	442	6	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	442	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	442	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	442	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	442	10	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	442	11	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	442	12	found	find	VERB
cblr-14241	442	13	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	442	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	442	15	outside	outside	ADJ
cblr-14241	442	16	director	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	442	17	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	442	18	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	442	19	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	442	20	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	442	21	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	442	22	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	442	23	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	442	24	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	442	25	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	442	26	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	442	27	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	442	28	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	442	29	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	442	30	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	443	1	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	443	2	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	443	3	was	be	VERB
cblr-14241	443	4	no	no	DET
cblr-14241	443	5	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cblr-14241	443	6	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	443	7	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	443	8	participated	participate	VERB
cblr-14241	443	9	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	443	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	443	11	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	443	12	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	443	13	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	443	14	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	443	15	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	443	16	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	443	17	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	443	18	operations	operation	NOUN
cblr-14241	443	19	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	443	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	443	21	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	443	22	found	find	VERB
cblr-14241	443	23	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	443	24	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	443	25	108	108	NUM
cblr-14241	443	26	i	i	PROPN
cblr-14241	443	27	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	443	28	109	109	NUM
cblr-14241	443	29	enrichetta	enrichetta	PROPN
cblr-14241	443	30	ravina	ravina	PROPN
cblr-14241	443	31	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	443	32	paola	paola	PROPN
cblr-14241	443	33	sapienza	sapienza	PROPN
cblr-14241	443	34	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	443	35	what	what	PRON
cblr-14241	443	36	do	do	AUX
cblr-14241	443	37	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	443	38	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	443	39	know	know	VERB
cblr-14241	443	40	?	?	PUNCT
cblr-14241	444	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cblr-14241	444	2	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	444	3	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	444	4	trading	trading	NOUN
cblr-14241	444	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	444	6	23	23	NUM
cblr-14241	444	7	rev	rev	X
cblr-14241	444	8	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	444	9	fin	fin	NOUN
cblr-14241	444	10	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	444	11	stud	stud	PROPN
cblr-14241	444	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	445	1	962	962	NUM
cblr-14241	445	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	445	3	963–64	963–64	NUM
cblr-14241	445	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	445	5	2010	2010	NUM
cblr-14241	445	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	445	7	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	446	1	110	110	NUM
cblr-14241	446	2	avci	avci	PROPN
cblr-14241	446	3	et	et	PROPN
cblr-14241	446	4	al	al	PROPN
cblr-14241	446	5	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	446	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	446	7	supra	supra	PROPN
cblr-14241	446	8	note	note	PROPN
cblr-14241	446	9	106	106	NUM
cblr-14241	446	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	446	11	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	446	12	236	236	NUM
cblr-14241	446	13	.	.	SYM
cblr-14241	446	14	111	111	NUM
cblr-14241	447	1	i	i	PROPN
cblr-14241	447	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	447	3	112	112	NUM
cblr-14241	448	1	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	448	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	3	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	448	4	281–85	281–85	NUM
cblr-14241	448	5	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	448	6	113	113	NUM
cblr-14241	448	7	peltz	peltz	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	8	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	9	polyphase	polyphase	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	10	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	11	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	448	13	36	36	NUM
cblr-14241	448	14	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	15	app'x	app'x	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	16	316	316	NUM
cblr-14241	448	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	448	18	321	321	NUM
cblr-14241	448	19	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	448	20	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	448	21	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	448	22	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	23	2002	2002	NUM
cblr-14241	448	24	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	448	25	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	448	26	citing	cite	VERB
cblr-14241	448	27	burgess	burgess	NOUN
cblr-14241	448	28	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	29	premier	premier	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	30	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	31	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	448	32	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	448	33	727	727	NUM
cblr-14241	448	34	f.2d	f.2d	NUM
cblr-14241	448	35	826	826	NUM
cblr-14241	448	36	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	448	37	832	832	NUM
cblr-14241	448	38	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	448	39	9th	9th	NOUN
cblr-14241	448	40	cir.1984	cir.1984	NOUN
cblr-14241	448	41	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	448	42	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	448	43	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	449	1	904	904	NUM
cblr-14241	449	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	449	3	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	449	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	449	7	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	8	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	9	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	449	10	director	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	11	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	449	12	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	13	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	449	14	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	449	15	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	449	16	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	449	17	because	because	SCONJ
cblr-14241	449	18	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	449	19	were	be	AUX
cblr-14241	449	20	aware	aware	ADJ
cblr-14241	449	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	449	22	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	449	23	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	449	24	participated	participate	VERB
cblr-14241	449	25	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	449	26	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	449	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	449	28	decision	decision	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	29	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	449	30	make	make	VERB
cblr-14241	449	31	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	449	32	filing.114	filing.114	PROPN
cblr-14241	449	33	thus	thus	ADV
cblr-14241	449	34	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	449	35	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	36	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	449	37	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	449	38	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	449	39	serve	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	449	40	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	449	41	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	449	42	useful	useful	ADJ
cblr-14241	449	43	means	mean	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	44	towards	towards	ADP
cblr-14241	449	45	incentivizing	incentivize	VERB
cblr-14241	449	46	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	47	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	48	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	449	49	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	50	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	449	51	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	449	52	prevention	prevention	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	53	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	449	54	possible	possible	ADJ
cblr-14241	449	55	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	56	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	57	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	449	58	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	450	1	this	this	DET
cblr-14241	450	2	conception	conception	NOUN
cblr-14241	450	3	fits	fit	VERB
cblr-14241	450	4	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	450	5	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	450	6	regimes	regime	NOUN
cblr-14241	450	7	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	450	8	generally	generally	ADV
cblr-14241	450	9	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	451	2	discussing	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	451	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
cblr-14241	451	4	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	5	third	third	ADJ
cblr-14241	451	6	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	7	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	8	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	9	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	10	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	451	11	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	451	12	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	13	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	451	14	accountants	accountant	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	16	assaf	assaf	PROPN
cblr-14241	451	17	hamdani	hamdani	PROPN
cblr-14241	451	18	asserts	assert	VERB
cblr-14241	451	19	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	451	20	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	451	21	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	22	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	451	23	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	451	24	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	451	25	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	451	26	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	27	only	only	ADV
cblr-14241	451	28	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	451	29	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	451	30	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	451	31	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	32	1	1	X
cblr-14241	451	33	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	34	detect	detect	VERB
cblr-14241	451	35	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	36	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	451	37	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	451	38	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cblr-14241	451	39	cost	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	40	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	41	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	451	42	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	43	2	2	X
cblr-14241	451	44	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	45	prevent	prevent	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	46	clients	client	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	47	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	451	48	know	know	VERB
cblr-14241	451	49	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	451	50	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	451	51	wrongdoers	wrongdoer	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	52	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	451	53	committing	commit	VERB
cblr-14241	451	54	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	55	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	56	”115	”115	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	57	substituting	substitute	VERB
cblr-14241	451	58	clients	client	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	59	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	451	60	employees	employee	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	61	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	451	62	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	63	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	451	64	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	65	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	451	66	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	67	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	68	respectively	respectively	ADV
cblr-14241	451	69	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	451	70	each	each	PRON
cblr-14241	451	71	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	451	72	certainly	certainly	ADV
cblr-14241	451	73	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	451	74	fit	fit	ADJ
cblr-14241	451	75	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	451	76	face	face	VERB
cblr-14241	451	77	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	78	provided	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	451	79	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	451	80	fail	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	451	81	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	451	82	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	451	83	duties	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	451	84	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	451	85	gatekeep	gatekeep	VERB
cblr-14241	451	86	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	451	87	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	452	1	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	452	2	described	describe	VERB
cblr-14241	452	3	above	above	ADP
cblr-14241	452	4	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	5	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	452	6	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	452	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	452	8	best	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	452	9	position	position	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	10	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	452	11	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	452	12	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	452	13	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	14	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	452	15	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	452	16	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	452	17	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	18	operations	operation	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	19	within	within	ADP
cblr-14241	452	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	452	21	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	22	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	452	23	prevent	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	452	24	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	25	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	26	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	452	27	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	452	28	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	29	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	452	30	particularly	particularly	ADV
cblr-14241	452	31	outside	outside	ADJ
cblr-14241	452	32	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	33	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	452	34	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	452	35	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	452	36	best	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	452	37	ability	ability	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	38	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	452	39	keep	keep	VERB
cblr-14241	452	40	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	41	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	452	42	check	check	NOUN
cblr-14241	452	43	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	453	1	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	453	2	least	least	ADJ
cblr-14241	453	3	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	453	4	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	453	5	comes	come	VERB
cblr-14241	453	6	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	453	7	preventing	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	453	8	federal	federal	ADJ
cblr-14241	453	9	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	453	10	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	453	11	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	453	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	453	13	some	some	PRON
cblr-14241	453	14	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	453	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	453	16	best	well	ADV
cblr-14241	453	17	placed	place	VERB
cblr-14241	453	18	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	453	19	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	453	20	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	453	21	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	453	22	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	453	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	454	1	given	give	VERB
cblr-14241	454	2	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	454	3	suitability	suitability	NOUN
cblr-14241	454	4	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	454	5	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
cblr-14241	454	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	454	7	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	454	8	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	454	9	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	454	10	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	454	11	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	454	12	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	454	13	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	454	14	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	454	15	only	only	ADV
cblr-14241	454	16	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	454	17	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	454	18	participate	participate	VERB
cblr-14241	454	19	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	454	20	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
cblr-14241	454	21	schemes	scheme	NOUN
cblr-14241	454	22	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	454	23	but	but	CCONJ
cblr-14241	454	24	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	454	25	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	454	26	cases	case	NOUN
cblr-14241	454	27	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	454	28	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	454	29	fail	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	454	30	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	454	31	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	454	32	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	454	33	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	454	34	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	454	35	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	454	36	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	455	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	455	2	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	455	3	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
cblr-14241	455	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	455	5	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	455	6	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	455	7	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	455	8	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	455	9	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	455	10	ready	ready	ADV
cblr-14241	455	11	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	455	12	built	build	VERB
cblr-14241	455	13	tool	tool	NOUN
cblr-14241	455	14	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	455	15	hold	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	455	16	these	these	DET
cblr-14241	455	17	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	455	18	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	455	19	account	account	VERB
cblr-14241	455	20	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	455	21	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	455	22	fail	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	455	23	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	455	24	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	455	25	duties	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	455	26	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	456	1	c.	c.	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	456	3	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	456	4	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	5	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	6	will	will	AUX
cblr-14241	456	7	promote	promote	VERB
cblr-14241	456	8	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
cblr-14241	456	9	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	456	10	deter	deter	VERB
cblr-14241	456	11	wrongful	wrongful	ADJ
cblr-14241	456	12	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	13	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	456	14	implementing	implement	VERB
cblr-14241	456	15	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	456	16	widespread	widespread	ADJ
cblr-14241	456	17	judicial	judicial	ADJ
cblr-14241	456	18	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	19	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	456	20	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	21	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	456	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	456	23	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	456	24	disposes	dispose	VERB
cblr-14241	456	25	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	456	26	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	456	27	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	456	28	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	29	pleading	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	456	30	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	31	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	456	32	enforces	enforce	VERB
cblr-14241	456	33	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	456	34	strict	strict	ADJ
cblr-14241	456	35	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	36	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	456	37	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	456	38	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	456	39	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	40	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	41	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	456	42	either	either	CCONJ
cblr-14241	456	43	through	through	ADP
cblr-14241	456	44	reconsideration	reconsideration	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	45	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	456	46	various	various	ADJ
cblr-14241	456	47	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	48	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	49	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	456	50	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	456	51	supreme	supreme	PROPN
cblr-14241	456	52	court	court	PROPN
cblr-14241	456	53	decision	decision	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	54	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	456	55	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	56	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	456	57	enable	enable	VERB
cblr-14241	456	58	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	59	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	456	60	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	456	61	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	456	62	reach	reach	VERB
cblr-14241	456	63	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	456	64	potential	potential	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	65	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	456	66	advancing	advance	VERB
cblr-14241	456	67	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	456	68	goals	goal	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	69	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	456	70	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	456	71	drafted	draft	VERB
cblr-14241	456	72	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	456	73	reach	reach	VERB
cblr-14241	456	74	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	456	75	encouraging	encourage	VERB
cblr-14241	456	76	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
cblr-14241	456	77	activities	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	456	78	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	457	1	114	114	NUM
cblr-14241	457	2	i	i	PROPN
cblr-14241	457	3	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	457	4	115	115	PROPN
cblr-14241	457	5	assaf	assaf	PROPN
cblr-14241	457	6	hamdani	hamdani	NOUN
cblr-14241	457	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	457	8	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	457	9	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	457	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	457	11	77	77	NUM
cblr-14241	457	12	s.	s.	PROPN
cblr-14241	457	13	cal	cal	PROPN
cblr-14241	457	14	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	458	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	458	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	458	3	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	458	4	53	53	NUM
cblr-14241	458	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	458	6	99	99	NUM
cblr-14241	458	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	458	8	2003	2003	NUM
cblr-14241	458	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	458	10	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	459	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	459	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	460	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	460	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	460	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	460	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	6	905	905	VERB
cblr-14241	460	7	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	460	8	reaching	reach	VERB
cblr-14241	460	9	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	460	10	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	11	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	460	12	forces	force	VERB
cblr-14241	460	13	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	14	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	460	15	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	460	16	made	make	VERB
cblr-14241	460	17	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	460	18	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cblr-14241	460	19	effort	effort	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	20	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	460	21	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	460	22	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	460	23	subordinates	subordinate	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	24	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	460	25	companies	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	26	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	460	27	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	28	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	460	29	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	30	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	460	31	use	use	VERB
cblr-14241	460	32	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	33	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	460	34	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	460	35	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	460	36	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	460	37	valuable	valuable	ADJ
cblr-14241	460	38	tool	tool	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	39	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	460	40	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	460	41	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	42	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	460	43	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	44	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	460	45	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	460	46	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	461	1	i.	i.	PROPN
cblr-14241	461	2	discarding	discard	VERB
cblr-14241	461	3	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	461	4	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	5	will	will	AUX
cblr-14241	461	6	enhance	enhance	VERB
cblr-14241	461	7	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	8	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	461	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	461	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	461	11	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	461	12	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	13	pleadings	pleading	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	14	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	15	does	do	AUX
cblr-14241	461	16	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	461	17	adhere	adhere	VERB
cblr-14241	461	18	either	either	ADV
cblr-14241	461	19	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	461	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	461	21	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cblr-14241	461	22	text	text	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	23	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	461	24	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	461	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	461	26	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	461	27	intent	intent	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	28	behind	behind	ADP
cblr-14241	461	29	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	30	20(a).116	20(a).116	NUM
cblr-14241	461	31	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	461	32	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	33	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	461	34	already	already	ADV
cblr-14241	461	35	protected	protect	VERB
cblr-14241	461	36	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	461	37	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	461	38	affirmative	affirmative	ADJ
cblr-14241	461	39	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	40	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	461	41	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	461	42	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	43	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	461	44	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	461	45	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	46	serves	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	461	47	only	only	ADV
cblr-14241	461	48	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	461	49	thwart	thwart	VERB
cblr-14241	461	50	potentially	potentially	ADV
cblr-14241	461	51	valid	valid	ADJ
cblr-14241	461	52	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	53	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	461	54	preventing	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	461	55	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	461	56	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	57	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	461	58	reaching	reach	VERB
cblr-14241	461	59	discovery.117	discovery.117	VERB
cblr-14241	461	60	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	461	61	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	461	62	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	461	63	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	64	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	461	65	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	461	66	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	461	67	currently	currently	ADV
cblr-14241	461	68	stands	stand	VERB
cblr-14241	461	69	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	461	70	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	461	71	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	461	72	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	461	73	too	too	ADV
cblr-14241	461	74	difficult	difficult	ADJ
cblr-14241	461	75	for	for	SCONJ
cblr-14241	461	76	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	77	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	461	78	prove	prove	VERB
cblr-14241	461	79	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	461	80	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	81	prior	prior	ADV
cblr-14241	461	82	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	461	83	discovery	discovery	NOUN
cblr-14241	461	84	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	462	1	this	this	PRON
cblr-14241	462	2	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	462	3	allow	allow	VERB
cblr-14241	462	4	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	462	5	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	462	6	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	462	7	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	462	8	indeed	indeed	ADV
cblr-14241	462	9	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	462	10	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	462	11	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	462	12	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	462	13	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	462	14	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	462	15	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	462	16	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	462	17	escape	escape	VERB
cblr-14241	462	18	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	462	19	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	463	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	463	2	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	463	3	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	463	4	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	463	5	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	463	6	attracted	attract	VERB
cblr-14241	463	7	particular	particular	ADJ
cblr-14241	463	8	attention	attention	NOUN
cblr-14241	463	9	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	463	10	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	463	11	role	role	NOUN
cblr-14241	463	12	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	463	13	prematurely	prematurely	ADV
cblr-14241	463	14	defeating	defeat	VERB
cblr-14241	463	15	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	463	16	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	464	1	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	464	2	example	example	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	464	4	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	464	5	lapin	lapin	PROPN
cblr-14241	464	6	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	464	7	goldman	goldman	PROPN
cblr-14241	464	8	sachs	sach	VERB
cblr-14241	464	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	464	10	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	11	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	12	dismissed	dismiss	VERB
cblr-14241	464	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	464	14	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	15	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	464	16	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	17	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	464	18	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	464	19	claim	claim	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	20	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	464	21	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	464	22	grounds	ground	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	23	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	464	24	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	464	25	failed	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	464	26	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	464	27	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	464	28	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	464	29	allege	allege	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	30	scienter	scienter	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	31	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	464	32	regarding	regard	VERB
cblr-14241	464	33	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	464	34	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	35	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	464	36	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	464	37	participation.118	participation.118	PROPN
cblr-14241	464	38	having	have	VERB
cblr-14241	464	39	such	such	DET
cblr-14241	464	40	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	464	41	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	42	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	464	43	defeating	defeat	VERB
cblr-14241	464	44	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	45	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	464	46	place	place	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	47	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	464	48	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	464	49	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	464	50	prevents	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	464	51	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	52	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	464	53	accessing	access	VERB
cblr-14241	464	54	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	464	55	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	56	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	464	57	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	464	58	only	only	ADV
cblr-14241	464	59	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	464	60	obtained	obtain	VERB
cblr-14241	464	61	via	via	ADP
cblr-14241	464	62	discovery	discovery	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	63	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	464	64	dampens	dampen	VERB
cblr-14241	464	65	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	464	66	impact	impact	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	67	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	464	68	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	69	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	464	70	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	464	71	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	464	72	advancing	advance	VERB
cblr-14241	464	73	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	74	functions	function	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	75	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	464	76	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	464	77	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	464	78	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	465	1	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	465	2	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	465	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	465	4	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	465	5	knows	know	VERB
cblr-14241	465	6	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	465	7	116	116	NUM
cblr-14241	465	8	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	465	9	discussion	discussion	NOUN
cblr-14241	465	10	supra	supra	PROPN
cblr-14241	465	11	part	part	PROPN
cblr-14241	465	12	ii	ii	PROPN
cblr-14241	465	13	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	465	14	117	117	NUM
cblr-14241	465	15	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	465	16	hollinger	hollinger	PROPN
cblr-14241	465	17	v.	v.	PROPN
cblr-14241	465	18	titan	titan	PROPN
cblr-14241	465	19	cap	cap	PROPN
cblr-14241	465	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	1	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	466	2	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	466	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	4	914	914	NUM
cblr-14241	466	5	f.2d	f.2d	NUM
cblr-14241	466	6	1564	1564	NUM
cblr-14241	466	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	8	1575	1575	NUM
cblr-14241	466	9	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	10	9th	9th	ADJ
cblr-14241	466	11	cir	cir	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	12	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	466	13	1990	1990	NUM
cblr-14241	466	14	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	15	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	16	stating	state	VERB
cblr-14241	466	17	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	466	18	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	466	19	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	20	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	466	21	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	466	22	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	466	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	466	24	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	25	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	466	26	establish	establish	VERB
cblr-14241	466	27	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	466	28	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	466	29	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	30	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	31	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	32	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	33	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	466	34	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	466	35	brian	brian	PROPN
cblr-14241	466	36	a.	a.	PROPN
cblr-14241	466	37	melhus	melhus	PROPN
cblr-14241	466	38	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	39	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	40	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	41	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	42	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	43	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	466	44	repudiation	repudiation	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	45	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	466	46	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	466	47	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	48	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	49	37	37	NUM
cblr-14241	466	50	j.	j.	PROPN
cblr-14241	466	51	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	466	52	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	466	53	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	466	54	929	929	NUM
cblr-14241	466	55	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	56	943	943	NUM
cblr-14241	466	57	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	58	2012	2012	NUM
cblr-14241	466	59	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	60	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	61	stating	state	VERB
cblr-14241	466	62	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	466	63	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	64	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	466	65	often	often	ADV
cblr-14241	466	66	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	466	67	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	466	68	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	466	69	position	position	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	70	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	466	71	meet	meet	VERB
cblr-14241	466	72	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	466	73	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	74	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	466	75	proof	proof	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	76	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	466	77	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	466	78	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	79	prior	prior	ADV
cblr-14241	466	80	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	466	81	discovery	discovery	NOUN
cblr-14241	466	82	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	466	83	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	467	1	118	118	NUM
cblr-14241	467	2	lapin	lapin	NOUN
cblr-14241	467	3	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	467	4	goldman	goldman	PROPN
cblr-14241	467	5	sachs	sachs	PROPN
cblr-14241	467	6	grp	grp	PROPN
cblr-14241	467	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	467	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	467	9	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	467	10	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	467	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	467	12	506	506	NUM
cblr-14241	467	13	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	467	14	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	467	15	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	468	1	2d	2d	PROPN
cblr-14241	468	2	221	221	NUM
cblr-14241	468	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	468	4	248–49	248–49	NUM
cblr-14241	468	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	468	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	468	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	468	8	2006	2006	NUM
cblr-14241	468	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	468	10	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	469	1	906	906	NUM
cblr-14241	469	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	469	3	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	469	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	469	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	469	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	469	7	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	469	8	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	469	9	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	469	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	469	11	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	469	12	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	469	13	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	469	14	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	469	15	help	help	VERB
cblr-14241	469	16	them	they	PRON
cblr-14241	469	17	avoid	avoid	VERB
cblr-14241	469	18	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	469	19	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	469	20	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	469	21	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	469	22	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	469	23	less	less	ADV
cblr-14241	469	24	likely	likely	ADJ
cblr-14241	469	25	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	469	26	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	469	27	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	469	28	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	469	29	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	469	30	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	469	31	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	469	32	whom	whom	PRON
cblr-14241	469	33	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	469	34	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	469	35	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	470	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
cblr-14241	470	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	470	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	470	4	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	470	5	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	470	6	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	470	7	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	470	8	likely	likely	ADJ
cblr-14241	470	9	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	470	10	actually	actually	ADV
cblr-14241	470	11	direct	direct	VERB
cblr-14241	470	12	violative	violative	ADJ
cblr-14241	470	13	acts	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	470	14	themselves	themselves	PRON
cblr-14241	470	15	using	use	VERB
cblr-14241	470	16	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	470	17	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	470	18	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	470	19	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	470	20	dummies	dummy	NOUN
cblr-14241	470	21	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	470	22	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	470	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	470	24	exact	exact	ADJ
cblr-14241	470	25	way	way	NOUN
cblr-14241	470	26	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	470	27	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	470	28	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	470	29	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	470	30	designed	design	VERB
cblr-14241	470	31	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	470	32	prevent	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	470	33	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	471	1	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	471	2	example	example	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	471	4	district	district	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	5	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	6	within	within	ADP
cblr-14241	471	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	471	8	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	471	9	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	10	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	471	11	dismissed	dismiss	VERB
cblr-14241	471	12	claims	claim	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	13	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	471	14	failing	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	471	15	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	471	16	satisfy	satisfy	VERB
cblr-14241	471	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	471	18	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	471	19	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	20	requirement.119	requirement.119	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	21	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	471	22	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	23	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	471	24	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	25	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	471	26	easily	easily	ADV
cblr-14241	471	27	escape	escape	VERB
cblr-14241	471	28	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	29	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	471	30	filing	file	VERB
cblr-14241	471	31	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	471	32	motion	motion	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	33	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	471	34	dismiss	dismiss	VERB
cblr-14241	471	35	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	471	36	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	471	37	basis	basis	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	38	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	471	39	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	471	40	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	41	failed	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	471	42	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	471	43	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	471	44	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	45	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	471	46	plead	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	471	47	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	471	48	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	49	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	471	50	then	then	ADV
cblr-14241	471	51	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	471	52	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	471	53	less	less	ADJ
cblr-14241	471	54	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	471	55	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	471	56	incentive	incentive	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	57	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	471	58	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	471	59	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	471	60	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	471	61	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	471	62	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	471	63	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	471	64	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	471	65	review	review	VERB
cblr-14241	471	66	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	471	67	work	work	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	68	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	471	69	subordinates	subordinate	NOUN
cblr-14241	471	70	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	472	1	ii	ii	X
cblr-14241	472	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	473	1	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	473	2	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	473	3	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	473	4	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	473	5	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	473	6	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	473	7	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	473	8	dispensed	dispense	VERB
cblr-14241	473	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	473	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	473	11	burden	burden	NOUN
cblr-14241	473	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	473	13	proof	proof	NOUN
cblr-14241	473	14	falls	fall	VERB
cblr-14241	473	15	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	473	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	473	17	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	473	18	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	473	19	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	473	20	form	form	NOUN
cblr-14241	473	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	473	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	473	23	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	473	24	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	473	25	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	473	26	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	474	1	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	474	2	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	474	3	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	474	4	refers	refer	VERB
cblr-14241	474	5	merely	merely	ADV
cblr-14241	474	6	to	to	AUX
cblr-14241	474	7	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	474	8	participating	participate	VERB
cblr-14241	474	9	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	474	10	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	474	11	directing	direct	VERB
cblr-14241	474	12	wrongdoings	wrongdoing	NOUN
cblr-14241	474	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	474	14	then	then	ADV
cblr-14241	474	15	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	474	16	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	474	17	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	474	18	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	474	19	only	only	ADV
cblr-14241	474	20	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	474	21	useful	useful	ADJ
cblr-14241	474	22	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	474	23	preventing	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	474	24	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	474	25	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	474	26	being	be	AUX
cblr-14241	474	27	engaged	engage	VERB
cblr-14241	474	28	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	474	29	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN
cblr-14241	474	30	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	474	31	rather	rather	ADV
cblr-14241	474	32	than	than	ADP
cblr-14241	474	33	inducing	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	474	34	them	they	PRON
cblr-14241	474	35	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	474	36	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
cblr-14241	474	37	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	474	38	duties	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	474	39	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	474	40	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	474	41	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	474	42	subordinates	subordinate	NOUN
cblr-14241	474	43	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	474	44	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	474	45	ensure	ensure	VERB
cblr-14241	474	46	adequate	adequate	ADJ
cblr-14241	474	47	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	474	48	programs	program	NOUN
cblr-14241	474	49	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	474	50	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	474	51	place	place	NOUN
cblr-14241	474	52	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	475	1	thus	thus	ADV
cblr-14241	475	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	475	3	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	475	4	discussed	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	475	5	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	475	6	section	section	PROPN
cblr-14241	475	7	ii	ii	PROPN
cblr-14241	475	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	475	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	475	10	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	475	11	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	12	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	13	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	475	14	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	475	15	interpreted	interpret	VERB
cblr-14241	475	16	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	475	17	such	such	DET
cblr-14241	475	18	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	475	19	way	way	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	20	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	475	21	characterizes	characterize	VERB
cblr-14241	475	22	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	475	23	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	475	24	form	form	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	25	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	475	26	recklessness	recklessness	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	475	28	failure	failure	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	29	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	475	30	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	475	31	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	475	32	put	put	VERB
cblr-14241	475	33	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	475	34	place	place	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	35	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	36	programs	program	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	37	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	475	38	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	475	39	take	take	VERB
cblr-14241	475	40	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cblr-14241	475	41	steps	step	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	42	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	475	43	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
cblr-14241	475	44	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	475	45	work	work	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	46	product	product	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	47	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	475	48	filings	filing	NOUN
cblr-14241	475	49	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	475	50	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	475	51	whom	whom	PRON
cblr-14241	475	52	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	475	53	control.120	control.120	VERB
cblr-14241	475	54	119	119	NUM
cblr-14241	475	55	mcintire	mcintire	PROPN
cblr-14241	475	56	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	475	57	china	china	PROPN
cblr-14241	475	58	mediaexpress	mediaexpress	PROPN
cblr-14241	475	59	holdings	holdings	PROPN
cblr-14241	475	60	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	475	61	inc	inc	PROPN
cblr-14241	475	62	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	475	63	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	475	64	927	927	NUM
cblr-14241	475	65	f.	f.	PROPN
cblr-14241	475	66	supp	supp	PROPN
cblr-14241	475	67	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	476	1	2d	2d	PROPN
cblr-14241	476	2	105	105	NUM
cblr-14241	476	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	476	4	138	138	NUM
cblr-14241	476	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	476	6	s.d.n.y	s.d.n.y	PROPN
cblr-14241	476	7	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	476	8	2013	2013	NUM
cblr-14241	476	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	476	10	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	476	11	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	476	12	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	476	13	contend	contend	VERB
cblr-14241	476	14	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	476	15	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	476	16	failure	failure	NOUN
cblr-14241	476	17	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	476	18	supervise	supervise	VERB
cblr-14241	476	19	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	476	20	satisfies	satisfy	VERB
cblr-14241	476	21	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	476	22	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	476	23	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	476	24	element	element	NOUN
cblr-14241	476	25	required	require	VERB
cblr-14241	476	26	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	476	27	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	476	28	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	476	29	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	476	30	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	477	1	assuming	assume	VERB
cblr-14241	477	2	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	477	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	477	4	sake	sake	NOUN
cblr-14241	477	5	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	477	6	argument	argument	NOUN
cblr-14241	477	7	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	477	8	alleging	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	477	9	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	477	10	failure	failure	NOUN
cblr-14241	477	11	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	477	12	supervise	supervise	VERB
cblr-14241	477	13	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	477	14	satisfies	satisfy	VERB
cblr-14241	477	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	477	16	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	477	17	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	477	18	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	477	19	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	477	20	§	§	PROPN
cblr-14241	477	21	20(a),12	20(a),12	NUM
cblr-14241	477	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	477	23	court	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	477	24	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
cblr-14241	477	25	finds	find	VERB
cblr-14241	477	26	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	477	27	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	477	28	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	477	29	failed	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	477	30	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	477	31	adequately	adequately	ADV
cblr-14241	477	32	allege	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	477	33	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	477	34	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	477	35	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	477	36	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	477	37	heightened	heightened	ADJ
cblr-14241	477	38	pleading	pleading	NOUN
cblr-14241	477	39	requirements	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	477	40	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	477	41	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	477	42	pslra	pslra	NOUN
cblr-14241	477	43	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	478	1	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	478	2	plead	plead	VERB
cblr-14241	478	3	only	only	ADV
cblr-14241	478	4	general	general	ADJ
cblr-14241	478	5	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	478	6	conclusory	conclusory	ADJ
cblr-14241	478	7	allegations	allegation	NOUN
cblr-14241	478	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	478	9	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	478	10	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	478	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	478	12	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	478	13	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	478	14	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	479	1	120	120	NUM
cblr-14241	479	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	479	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
cblr-14241	479	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cblr-14241	479	5	part	part	PROPN
cblr-14241	479	6	ii	ii	PROPN
cblr-14241	479	7	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	480	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	480	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	481	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	481	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	481	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	481	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	6	907	907	NUM
cblr-14241	481	7	iii	iii	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	481	9	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	481	10	trade	trade	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	11	offs	off	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	12	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	481	13	complications	complication	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	14	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	481	15	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	16	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	481	17	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	18	costs	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	19	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	481	20	expanding	expand	VERB
cblr-14241	481	21	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	22	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	481	23	meet	meet	VERB
cblr-14241	481	24	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	481	25	exceed	exceed	VERB
cblr-14241	481	26	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	481	27	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	481	28	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	29	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	30	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	481	31	result	result	VERB
cblr-14241	481	32	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	481	33	enhanced	enhanced	ADJ
cblr-14241	481	34	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	35	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	481	36	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	37	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	481	38	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	481	39	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	481	40	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	481	41	adverse	adverse	ADJ
cblr-14241	481	42	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cblr-14241	481	43	as	as	ADV
cblr-14241	481	44	well	well	ADV
cblr-14241	481	45	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	482	1	these	these	DET
cblr-14241	482	2	unintended	unintended	ADJ
cblr-14241	482	3	effects	effect	NOUN
cblr-14241	482	4	beg	beg	VERB
cblr-14241	482	5	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	482	6	question	question	NOUN
cblr-14241	482	7	whether	whether	SCONJ
cblr-14241	482	8	enhanced	enhanced	ADJ
cblr-14241	482	9	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	482	10	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	482	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	482	12	optimal	optimal	ADJ
cblr-14241	482	13	solution	solution	NOUN
cblr-14241	482	14	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	483	1	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	483	2	these	these	DET
cblr-14241	483	3	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	483	4	adverse	adverse	ADJ
cblr-14241	483	5	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cblr-14241	483	6	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	483	7	monitoring	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	483	8	costs	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	483	9	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	483	10	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	483	11	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	484	1	although	although	SCONJ
cblr-14241	484	2	incentivizing	incentivize	VERB
cblr-14241	484	3	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	4	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	484	5	generally	generally	ADV
cblr-14241	484	6	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	484	7	positive	positive	ADJ
cblr-14241	484	8	social	social	ADJ
cblr-14241	484	9	good	good	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	484	11	too	too	ADV
cblr-14241	484	12	much	much	ADJ
cblr-14241	484	13	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	14	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	484	15	lead	lead	VERB
cblr-14241	484	16	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	484	17	problems	problem	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	18	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	484	19	overcompliance.121	overcompliance.121	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	20	this	this	PRON
cblr-14241	484	21	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	484	22	generate	generate	VERB
cblr-14241	484	23	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	24	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	484	25	excessive	excessive	ADJ
cblr-14241	484	26	costs.122	costs.122	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	27	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	484	28	example	example	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	29	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	484	30	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	484	31	commentators	commentator	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	32	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	484	33	cautioned	caution	VERB
cblr-14241	484	34	that	that	DET
cblr-14241	484	35	overdeterrence	overdeterrence	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	36	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	484	37	possibly	possibly	ADV
cblr-14241	484	38	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	484	39	discourage[e	discourage[e	PROPN
cblr-14241	484	40	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	484	41	socially	socially	ADV
cblr-14241	484	42	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	484	43	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ
cblr-14241	484	44	activity	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	45	like	like	ADP
cblr-14241	484	46	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	484	47	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	48	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	484	49	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	50	related	relate	VERB
cblr-14241	484	51	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	484	52	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	485	1	”123	”123	VERB
cblr-14241	485	2	another	another	DET
cblr-14241	485	3	concern	concern	NOUN
cblr-14241	485	4	stemming	stem	VERB
cblr-14241	485	5	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	485	6	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	485	7	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	485	8	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	485	9	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	485	10	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	485	11	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	485	12	perverse	perverse	ADJ
cblr-14241	485	13	incentives	incentive	NOUN
cblr-14241	485	14	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	485	15	avoid	avoid	VERB
cblr-14241	485	16	personal	personal	ADJ
cblr-14241	485	17	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	485	18	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	485	19	all	all	DET
cblr-14241	485	20	costs	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	485	21	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	485	22	no	no	ADV
cblr-14241	485	23	matter	matter	ADV
cblr-14241	485	24	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	485	25	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cblr-14241	485	26	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	485	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	485	28	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	485	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	486	1	these	these	PRON
cblr-14241	486	2	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	486	3	include	include	VERB
cblr-14241	486	4	making	make	VERB
cblr-14241	486	5	overly	overly	ADV
cblr-14241	486	6	conservative	conservative	ADJ
cblr-14241	486	7	estimates	estimate	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	8	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	486	9	inundating	inundate	VERB
cblr-14241	486	10	investors	investor	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	11	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	486	12	121	121	NUM
cblr-14241	486	13	see	see	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	14	amanda	amanda	PROPN
cblr-14241	486	15	m.	m.	PROPN
cblr-14241	486	16	rose	rise	VERB
cblr-14241	486	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	486	18	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	486	19	multienforcer	multienforcer	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	20	approach	approach	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	21	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	486	22	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	23	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	24	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	25	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	486	26	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	486	27	critical	critical	ADJ
cblr-14241	486	28	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	29	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	486	30	158	158	NUM
cblr-14241	486	31	u.	u.	PROPN
cblr-14241	486	32	pa	pa	PROPN
cblr-14241	486	33	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	486	34	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	486	35	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	486	36	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	486	37	2173	2173	NUM
cblr-14241	486	38	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	486	39	2190–2191	2190–2191	NUM
cblr-14241	486	40	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	486	41	discussing	discuss	VERB
cblr-14241	486	42	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	486	43	trade	trade	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	44	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	486	45	offs	off	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	46	between	between	ADP
cblr-14241	486	47	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	48	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	486	49	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	486	50	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	486	51	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	487	1	122	122	NUM
cblr-14241	487	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	487	3	bruce	bruce	PROPN
cblr-14241	487	4	chapman	chapman	PROPN
cblr-14241	487	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	487	6	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	487	7	tort	tort	NOUN
cblr-14241	487	8	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	487	9	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	487	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	487	11	problem	problem	NOUN
cblr-14241	487	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	487	13	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	487	14	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	487	15	69	69	NUM
cblr-14241	487	16	s.	s.	PROPN
cblr-14241	487	17	cal	cal	PROPN
cblr-14241	487	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	488	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	488	3	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	488	4	1679	1679	NUM
cblr-14241	488	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	6	1683–84	1683–84	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	8	1996	1996	NUM
cblr-14241	488	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	10	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	11	referring	refer	VERB
cblr-14241	488	12	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	488	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	488	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	15	concerns	concern	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	16	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	488	17	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	18	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	19	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	20	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	488	21	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	488	22	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	488	23	future	future	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	24	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	488	25	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
cblr-14241	488	26	productivity	productivity	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	27	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	28	powered	power	VERB
cblr-14241	488	29	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	488	30	regtech	regtech	PROPN
cblr-14241	488	31	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	32	deloitte	deloitte	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	33	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	34	2017	2017	NUM
cblr-14241	488	35	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	36	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	37	https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/deloitte/us/documents/regulatory/	https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/deloitte/us/documents/regulatory/	VERB
cblr-14241	488	38	us	us	PROPN
cblr-14241	488	39	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	40	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
cblr-14241	488	41	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	42	future	future	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	43	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	44	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	488	45	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	46	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
cblr-14241	488	47	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	48	productivity	productivity	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	49	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	50	powered	power	VERB
cblr-14241	488	51	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	52	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	488	53	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	54	regtech.pdf	regtech.pdf	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	55	[	[	X
cblr-14241	488	56	https://perma.cc/9bfn-czn8	https://perma.cc/9bfn-czn8	X
cblr-14241	488	57	]	]	X
cblr-14241	488	58	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	59	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	488	60	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	488	61	cost	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	62	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	488	63	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	64	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	488	65	risk	risk	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	66	mitigation	mitigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	67	over	over	ADP
cblr-14241	488	68	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	488	69	last	last	ADJ
cblr-14241	488	70	eight	eight	NUM
cblr-14241	488	71	years	year	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	72	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	488	73	jettisoned	jettison	VERB
cblr-14241	488	74	almost	almost	ADV
cblr-14241	488	75	all	all	DET
cblr-14241	488	76	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
cblr-14241	488	77	funding	funding	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	78	available	available	ADJ
cblr-14241	488	79	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	488	80	firms	firm	NOUN
cblr-14241	488	81	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	489	1	compared	compare	VERB
cblr-14241	489	2	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	489	3	pre	pre	ADJ
cblr-14241	489	4	-	-	ADJ
cblr-14241	489	5	financial	financial	ADJ
cblr-14241	489	6	crisis	crisis	NOUN
cblr-14241	489	7	spending	spending	NOUN
cblr-14241	489	8	levels	level	NOUN
cblr-14241	489	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	489	10	operating	operating	NOUN
cblr-14241	489	11	costs	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	489	12	spent	spend	VERB
cblr-14241	489	13	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	489	14	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	489	15	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	489	16	increased	increase	VERB
cblr-14241	489	17	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	489	18	over	over	ADP
cblr-14241	489	19	60	60	NUM
cblr-14241	489	20	percent	percent	NOUN
cblr-14241	489	21	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	489	22	retail	retail	ADJ
cblr-14241	489	23	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	489	24	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	489	25	banks	bank	NOUN
cblr-14241	489	26	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	489	27	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	489	28	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	489	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	490	1	123	123	NUM
cblr-14241	490	2	robert	robert	PROPN
cblr-14241	490	3	allen	allen	PROPN
cblr-14241	490	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	490	5	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	490	6	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	490	7	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	490	8	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	490	9	coordination	coordination	NOUN
cblr-14241	490	10	problem	problem	NOUN
cblr-14241	490	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	490	12	11	11	NUM
cblr-14241	490	13	u.	u.	PROPN
cblr-14241	490	14	pa	pa	PROPN
cblr-14241	490	15	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	491	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cblr-14241	491	2	bus	bus	PROPN
cblr-14241	491	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	492	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	492	2	475	475	NUM
cblr-14241	492	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	492	4	477	477	NUM
cblr-14241	492	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	492	6	2009	2009	NUM
cblr-14241	492	7	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	492	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	493	1	908	908	NUM
cblr-14241	493	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	493	3	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	493	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	493	7	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	493	9	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	493	10	unnecessary	unnecessary	ADJ
cblr-14241	493	11	information.124	information.124	ADV
cblr-14241	493	12	additionally	additionally	ADV
cblr-14241	493	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	493	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	493	15	specter	specter	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	16	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	493	17	increased	increase	VERB
cblr-14241	493	18	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	19	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	493	20	dissuade	dissuade	VERB
cblr-14241	493	21	competent	competent	ADJ
cblr-14241	493	22	individuals	individual	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	23	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	493	24	serving	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	493	25	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	493	26	roles	role	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	27	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	493	28	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	493	29	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	493	30	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	493	31	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	493	32	subject	subject	ADJ
cblr-14241	493	33	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	493	34	personal	personal	ADJ
cblr-14241	493	35	liability.125	liability.125	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	36	finally	finally	ADV
cblr-14241	493	37	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	493	38	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	493	39	costs	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	40	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	493	41	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	42	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	493	43	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	44	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	493	45	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	493	46	exacerbated	exacerbate	VERB
cblr-14241	493	47	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	493	48	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	493	49	increase	increase	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	50	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	493	51	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	493	52	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	53	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	493	54	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	55	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	493	56	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	493	57	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	494	1	firms	firm	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	2	typically	typically	ADV
cblr-14241	494	3	spend	spend	VERB
cblr-14241	494	4	more	more	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	5	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	494	6	keep	keep	VERB
cblr-14241	494	7	up	up	ADP
cblr-14241	494	8	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	494	9	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	10	changes	change	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	11	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	12	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	494	13	increased	increase	VERB
cblr-14241	494	14	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	15	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	494	16	new	new	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	17	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	18	standards.126	standards.126	VERB
cblr-14241	494	19	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	20	additional	additional	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	21	cots	cot	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	22	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	494	23	include	include	VERB
cblr-14241	494	24	increased	increase	VERB
cblr-14241	494	25	spending	spending	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	26	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	494	27	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	28	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	494	29	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	494	30	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	31	’	’	PART
cblr-14241	494	32	insurance	insurance	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	33	policies.127	policies.127	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	34	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	494	35	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	494	36	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	494	37	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	494	38	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	494	39	possible	possible	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	40	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	494	41	adopting	adopt	VERB
cblr-14241	494	42	more	more	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	43	uniform	uniform	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	44	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	45	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	494	46	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	47	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	48	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	49	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	494	50	lead	lead	VERB
cblr-14241	494	51	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	494	52	less	less	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	53	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	54	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	494	55	reducing	reduce	VERB
cblr-14241	494	56	uncertainty.128	uncertainty.128	PROPN
cblr-14241	494	57	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	494	58	solutions	solution	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	59	124	124	NUM
cblr-14241	494	60	larry	larry	PROPN
cblr-14241	494	61	e.	e.	PROPN
cblr-14241	494	62	ribstein	ribstein	PROPN
cblr-14241	494	63	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	494	64	market	market	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	65	vs.	vs.	ADP
cblr-14241	494	66	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	67	responses	response	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	68	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	494	69	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	70	fraud	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	71	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	494	72	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	494	73	critique	critique	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	74	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	494	75	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	494	76	sarbanes	sarbanes	PROPN
cblr-14241	494	77	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	494	78	oxley	oxley	ADJ
cblr-14241	494	79	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	494	80	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	494	81	2002	2002	NUM
cblr-14241	494	82	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	494	83	28	28	NUM
cblr-14241	494	84	iowa	iowa	PROPN
cblr-14241	494	85	j.	j.	PROPN
cblr-14241	494	86	corp	corp	PROPN
cblr-14241	494	87	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	494	88	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	494	89	1	1	NUM
cblr-14241	494	90	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	494	91	37–38	37–38	NUM
cblr-14241	494	92	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	494	93	2002	2002	NUM
cblr-14241	494	94	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	1	125	125	NUM
cblr-14241	495	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	495	3	stacey	stacey	PROPN
cblr-14241	495	4	english	english	PROPN
cblr-14241	495	5	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	495	6	sussanah	sussanah	PROPN
cblr-14241	495	7	hammond	hammond	PROPN
cblr-14241	495	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	9	cost	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	10	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	495	11	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	12	2016	2016	NUM
cblr-14241	495	13	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	14	thomson	thomson	PROPN
cblr-14241	495	15	reuters	reuters	PROPN
cblr-14241	495	16	9	9	NUM
cblr-14241	495	17	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	18	2016	2016	NUM
cblr-14241	495	19	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	20	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	21	https://archive.comsuregroup.com/wpcontent/uploads/2016/07/costofcompliance_2016.compressed.pdf	https://archive.comsuregroup.com/wpcontent/uploads/2016/07/costofcompliance_2016.compressed.pdf	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	22	[	[	X
cblr-14241	495	23	https://perma.cc/en8d-wqur	https://perma.cc/en8d-wqur	X
cblr-14241	495	24	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	25	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	26	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	27	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	495	28	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	495	29	already	already	ADV
cblr-14241	495	30	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	495	31	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	495	32	backlash	backlash	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	33	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	495	34	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	495	35	united	united	PROPN
cblr-14241	495	36	states	states	PROPN
cblr-14241	495	37	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	38	where	where	SCONJ
cblr-14241	495	39	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	495	40	perceived	perceive	VERB
cblr-14241	495	41	targeting	targeting	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	42	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	495	43	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	44	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	45	now	now	ADV
cblr-14241	495	46	risks	risk	VERB
cblr-14241	495	47	driving	drive	VERB
cblr-14241	495	48	talented	talented	ADJ
cblr-14241	495	49	individuals	individual	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	50	out	out	ADP
cblr-14241	495	51	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	495	52	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	495	53	industry	industry	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	54	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	55	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	56	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	57	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	58	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	495	59	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	495	60	ivy	ivy	PROPN
cblr-14241	495	61	xiying	xiying	PROPN
cblr-14241	495	62	zhang	zhang	PROPN
cblr-14241	495	63	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	64	economic	economic	ADJ
cblr-14241	495	65	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	66	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	495	67	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	495	68	sarbanes	sarbane	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	69	–	–	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	70	oxley	oxley	ADJ
cblr-14241	495	71	act	act	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	72	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	495	73	2002	2002	NUM
cblr-14241	495	74	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	495	75	44	44	NUM
cblr-14241	495	76	j.	j.	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	77	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	495	78	acct	acct	NOUN
cblr-14241	495	79	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	496	1	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	496	2	econ	econ	PROPN
cblr-14241	496	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	497	1	75	75	NUM
cblr-14241	497	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	497	3	82	82	NUM
cblr-14241	497	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	497	5	2007	2007	NUM
cblr-14241	497	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	497	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	497	8	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	497	9	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	497	10	commentators	commentator	NOUN
cblr-14241	497	11	allege	allege	VERB
cblr-14241	497	12	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	497	13	sox	sox	PROPN
cblr-14241	497	14	increased	increase	VERB
cblr-14241	497	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	497	16	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
cblr-14241	497	17	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	497	18	finding	find	VERB
cblr-14241	497	19	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cblr-14241	497	20	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	497	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	497	22	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	497	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	498	1	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	498	2	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	498	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	499	1	126	126	NUM
cblr-14241	499	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	499	3	english	english	PROPN
cblr-14241	499	4	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	499	5	hammond	hammond	PROPN
cblr-14241	499	6	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	499	7	supra	supra	PROPN
cblr-14241	499	8	note	note	NOUN
cblr-14241	499	9	125	125	NUM
cblr-14241	499	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	499	11	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	499	12	4	4	NUM
cblr-14241	499	13	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	499	14	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	499	15	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	499	16	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	499	17	skills	skill	NOUN
cblr-14241	499	18	have	have	AUX
cblr-14241	499	19	always	always	ADV
cblr-14241	499	20	been	be	AUX
cblr-14241	499	21	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	499	22	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	499	23	premium	premium	NOUN
cblr-14241	499	24	but	but	CCONJ
cblr-14241	499	25	firms	firm	NOUN
cblr-14241	499	26	must	must	AUX
cblr-14241	499	27	continue	continue	VERB
cblr-14241	499	28	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	499	29	invest	invest	VERB
cblr-14241	499	30	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	499	31	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	499	32	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	499	33	house	house	NOUN
cblr-14241	499	34	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	499	35	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cblr-14241	499	36	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	499	37	skills	skill	NOUN
cblr-14241	499	38	;	;	PUNCT
cblr-14241	499	39	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
cblr-14241	499	40	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	499	41	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	499	42	will	will	AUX
cblr-14241	499	43	find	find	VERB
cblr-14241	499	44	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	499	45	distinctly	distinctly	ADV
cblr-14241	499	46	challenging	challenge	VERB
cblr-14241	499	47	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	499	48	implement	implement	VERB
cblr-14241	499	49	changes	change	NOUN
cblr-14241	499	50	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	499	51	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	499	52	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	500	1	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	500	2	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	500	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	501	1	127	127	NUM
cblr-14241	501	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	501	3	zhang	zhang	PROPN
cblr-14241	501	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	501	5	supra	supra	PROPN
cblr-14241	501	6	note	note	PROPN
cblr-14241	501	7	125	125	NUM
cblr-14241	501	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	501	9	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	501	10	82	82	NUM
cblr-14241	501	11	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	501	12	referring	refer	VERB
cblr-14241	501	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	501	14	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	501	15	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	501	16	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	501	17	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	501	18	’	’	PART
cblr-14241	501	19	insurance	insurance	NOUN
cblr-14241	501	20	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	501	21	being	be	AUX
cblr-14241	501	22	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	501	23	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	501	24	cost	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	501	25	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	501	26	sarbannes	sarbanne	NOUN
cblr-14241	501	27	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	501	28	oxley	oxley	NOUN
cblr-14241	501	29	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	501	30	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	502	1	128	128	NUM
cblr-14241	502	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	502	3	david	david	PROPN
cblr-14241	502	4	engstrom	engstrom	PROPN
cblr-14241	502	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	502	6	private	private	ADJ
cblr-14241	502	7	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cblr-14241	502	8	's	's	PART
cblr-14241	502	9	pathways	pathway	NOUN
cblr-14241	502	10	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	502	11	lessons	lesson	NOUN
cblr-14241	502	12	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	502	13	qui	qui	X
cblr-14241	502	14	tam	tam	PROPN
cblr-14241	502	15	litigation	litigation	PROPN
cblr-14241	502	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	502	17	114	114	NUM
cblr-14241	502	18	colum	colum	NOUN
cblr-14241	502	19	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	503	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	503	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	503	3	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	503	4	1913	1913	NUM
cblr-14241	503	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	503	6	1935	1935	NUM
cblr-14241	503	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	503	8	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	503	9	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	503	10	complicating	complicate	VERB
cblr-14241	503	11	factor	factor	NOUN
cblr-14241	503	12	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	503	13	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	503	14	influential	influential	ADJ
cblr-14241	503	15	line	line	NOUN
cblr-14241	503	16	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	503	17	theory	theory	NOUN
cblr-14241	503	18	suggesting	suggest	VERB
cblr-14241	503	19	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	503	20	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	503	21	ambiguity	ambiguity	NOUN
cblr-14241	503	22	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	503	23	as	as	ADV
cblr-14241	503	24	likely	likely	ADJ
cblr-14241	503	25	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	503	26	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	503	27	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	503	28	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	503	29	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	503	30	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	503	31	undercompliance	undercompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	503	32	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	503	33	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
cblr-14241	503	34	mandates	mandate	NOUN
cblr-14241	503	35	relative	relative	ADJ
cblr-14241	503	36	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	503	37	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	503	38	social	social	ADJ
cblr-14241	503	39	optimum	optimum	NOUN
cblr-14241	503	40	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	503	41	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	503	42	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	504	1	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	504	2	citing	cite	VERB
cblr-14241	504	3	john	john	PROPN
cblr-14241	504	4	e.	e.	PROPN
cblr-14241	504	5	calfee	calfee	PROPN
cblr-14241	504	6	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	504	7	richard	richard	PROPN
cblr-14241	504	8	craswell	craswell	PROPN
cblr-14241	504	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	504	10	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	504	11	effects	effect	NOUN
cblr-14241	504	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	504	13	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
cblr-14241	504	14	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	504	15	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	504	16	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	504	17	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	504	18	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	504	19	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	504	20	70	70	NUM
cblr-14241	504	21	va	va	NOUN
cblr-14241	504	22	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	505	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	505	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	505	3	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	506	1	965	965	NUM
cblr-14241	506	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	506	3	965	965	NUM
cblr-14241	506	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	506	5	1984	1984	NUM
cblr-14241	506	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	506	7	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	506	8	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	507	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	507	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	508	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	508	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	508	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	508	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	508	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	508	6	909	909	NUM
cblr-14241	508	7	though	though	SCONJ
cblr-14241	508	8	adhering	adhere	VERB
cblr-14241	508	9	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	508	10	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	508	11	uniform	uniform	ADJ
cblr-14241	508	12	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	508	13	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	508	14	removing	remove	VERB
cblr-14241	508	15	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	508	16	culpable	culpable	ADJ
cblr-14241	508	17	participation	participation	NOUN
cblr-14241	508	18	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cblr-14241	508	19	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	508	20	lead	lead	VERB
cblr-14241	508	21	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	508	22	positive	positive	ADJ
cblr-14241	508	23	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
cblr-14241	508	24	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	508	25	including	include	VERB
cblr-14241	508	26	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	508	27	inducement	inducement	NOUN
cblr-14241	508	28	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	508	29	greater	great	ADJ
cblr-14241	508	30	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	508	31	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	508	32	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	508	33	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	508	34	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	508	35	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	508	36	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	508	37	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	508	38	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	508	39	lead	lead	VERB
cblr-14241	508	40	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	508	41	unintended	unintended	ADJ
cblr-14241	508	42	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cblr-14241	508	43	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	509	1	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	509	2	avoid	avoid	VERB
cblr-14241	509	3	these	these	DET
cblr-14241	509	4	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cblr-14241	509	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	509	6	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	509	7	are	be	VERB
cblr-14241	509	8	several	several	ADJ
cblr-14241	509	9	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	509	10	solutions	solution	NOUN
cblr-14241	509	11	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	509	12	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	509	13	allow	allow	VERB
cblr-14241	509	14	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	509	15	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	509	16	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	509	17	successful	successful	ADJ
cblr-14241	509	18	expansion	expansion	NOUN
cblr-14241	509	19	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	509	20	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	509	21	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	509	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	509	23	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	509	24	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	509	25	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	509	26	better	well	ADJ
cblr-14241	509	27	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
cblr-14241	509	28	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	510	1	these	these	PRON
cblr-14241	510	2	include	include	VERB
cblr-14241	510	3	delineating	delineate	VERB
cblr-14241	510	4	clear	clear	ADJ
cblr-14241	510	5	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	510	6	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	510	7	areas	area	NOUN
cblr-14241	510	8	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	510	9	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	510	10	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	510	11	promoting	promote	VERB
cblr-14241	510	12	cheap	cheap	ADJ
cblr-14241	510	13	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	510	14	effective	effective	ADJ
cblr-14241	510	15	means	mean	NOUN
cblr-14241	510	16	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	510	17	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	510	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	511	1	i.	i.	PROPN
cblr-14241	511	2	clear	clear	PROPN
cblr-14241	511	3	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	4	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	511	5	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	6	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	511	7	tailoring	tailor	VERB
cblr-14241	511	8	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	9	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	511	10	approach	approach	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	11	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	511	12	addressing	address	VERB
cblr-14241	511	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	511	14	aforementioned	aforementioned	ADJ
cblr-14241	511	15	concerns	concern	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	16	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	511	17	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	511	18	demarcate	demarcate	VERB
cblr-14241	511	19	clear	clear	ADJ
cblr-14241	511	20	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	511	22	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	23	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	511	24	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	25	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	511	26	as	as	ADV
cblr-14241	511	27	well	well	ADV
cblr-14241	511	28	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	511	29	clear	clear	ADJ
cblr-14241	511	30	areas	area	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	31	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	511	32	specific	specific	ADJ
cblr-14241	511	33	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	34	tasks	task	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	35	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	511	36	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	511	37	particular	particular	ADJ
cblr-14241	511	38	parties	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	39	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	511	40	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cblr-14241	511	41	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	511	42	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	511	43	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	511	44	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	512	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	512	2	united	united	PROPN
cblr-14241	512	3	kingdom	kingdom	PROPN
cblr-14241	512	4	took	take	VERB
cblr-14241	512	5	such	such	DET
cblr-14241	512	6	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	512	7	approach	approach	NOUN
cblr-14241	512	8	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	512	9	regulating	regulate	VERB
cblr-14241	512	10	banks	bank	NOUN
cblr-14241	512	11	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	512	12	asset	asset	NOUN
cblr-14241	512	13	managers	manager	NOUN
cblr-14241	512	14	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	513	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	513	2	uk	uk	PROPN
cblr-14241	513	3	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	513	4	certification	certification	NOUN
cblr-14241	513	5	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	513	6	senior	senior	ADJ
cblr-14241	513	7	managers	manager	NOUN
cblr-14241	513	8	regime	regime	NOUN
cblr-14241	513	9	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	513	10	requires	require	VERB
cblr-14241	513	11	firms	firm	NOUN
cblr-14241	513	12	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	513	13	allocate	allocate	VERB
cblr-14241	513	14	prescribed	prescribed	ADJ
cblr-14241	513	15	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	513	16	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	513	17	individuals	individual	NOUN
cblr-14241	513	18	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	513	19	document	document	VERB
cblr-14241	513	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	513	21	accountabilities	accountability	NOUN
cblr-14241	513	22	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	513	23	formal	formal	ADJ
cblr-14241	513	24	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	513	25	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	513	26	maps	map	NOUN
cblr-14241	513	27	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	514	1	’”129	’”129	PROPN
cblr-14241	514	2	this	this	PRON
cblr-14241	514	3	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	514	4	help	help	VERB
cblr-14241	514	5	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	514	6	alleviate	alleviate	VERB
cblr-14241	514	7	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	514	8	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	514	9	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	514	10	main	main	ADJ
cblr-14241	514	11	causes	cause	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	12	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	514	13	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	14	:	:	PUNCT
cblr-14241	514	15	uncertainty.130	uncertainty.130	VERB
cblr-14241	514	16	another	another	DET
cblr-14241	514	17	approach	approach	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	18	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	514	19	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	514	20	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	514	21	scholar	scholar	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	22	has	have	AUX
cblr-14241	514	23	advocated	advocate	VERB
cblr-14241	514	24	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	514	25	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	514	26	self	self	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	27	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	514	28	tailored	tailor	VERB
cblr-14241	514	29	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	30	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	514	31	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	514	32	gatekeepers.131	gatekeepers.131	PROPN
cblr-14241	514	33	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	514	34	professor	professor	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	35	choi	choi	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	36	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	514	37	system	system	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	38	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	514	39	self	self	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	40	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	514	41	tailored	tailor	VERB
cblr-14241	514	42	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	43	seeks	seek	VERB
cblr-14241	514	44	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	514	45	129	129	NUM
cblr-14241	514	46	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	514	47	english	english	PROPN
cblr-14241	514	48	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	514	49	hammond	hammond	PROPN
cblr-14241	514	50	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	514	51	supra	supra	PROPN
cblr-14241	514	52	note	note	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	53	125	125	NUM
cblr-14241	514	54	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	514	55	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	514	56	9	9	NUM
cblr-14241	514	57	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	58	130	130	NUM
cblr-14241	514	59	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	514	60	lack	lack	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	61	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	514	62	clear	clear	ADJ
cblr-14241	514	63	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	64	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	514	65	lead	lead	VERB
cblr-14241	514	66	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	514	67	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	514	68	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	515	1	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	515	2	john	john	PROPN
cblr-14241	515	3	e.	e.	PROPN
cblr-14241	515	4	calfee	calfee	PROPN
cblr-14241	515	5	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	515	6	richard	richard	PROPN
cblr-14241	515	7	craswell	craswell	PROPN
cblr-14241	515	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	515	9	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	515	10	effects	effect	NOUN
cblr-14241	515	11	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	515	12	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
cblr-14241	515	13	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	515	14	compliance	compliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	515	15	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	515	16	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	515	17	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	515	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	515	19	70	70	NUM
cblr-14241	515	20	va	va	NOUN
cblr-14241	515	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	516	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	516	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	516	3	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	517	1	965	965	NUM
cblr-14241	517	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	517	3	966	966	NUM
cblr-14241	517	4	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	517	5	1984	1984	NUM
cblr-14241	517	6	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	517	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	517	8	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	517	9	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	517	10	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	517	11	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	517	12	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	517	13	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	517	14	uncertain	uncertain	ADJ
cblr-14241	517	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	517	16	even	even	ADV
cblr-14241	517	17	actors	actor	NOUN
cblr-14241	517	18	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	517	19	behave	behave	VERB
cblr-14241	517	20	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	517	21	optimally	optimally	ADV
cblr-14241	517	22	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	517	23	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	517	24	terms	term	NOUN
cblr-14241	517	25	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	517	26	overall	overall	ADJ
cblr-14241	517	27	social	social	ADJ
cblr-14241	517	28	welfare	welfare	NOUN
cblr-14241	517	29	will	will	AUX
cblr-14241	517	30	face	face	VERB
cblr-14241	517	31	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	517	32	chance	chance	NOUN
cblr-14241	517	33	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	517	34	being	be	AUX
cblr-14241	517	35	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	517	36	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	517	37	because	because	SCONJ
cblr-14241	517	38	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	517	39	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	517	40	unpredictability	unpredictability	NOUN
cblr-14241	517	41	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	517	42	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	517	43	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	517	44	rule	rule	NOUN
cblr-14241	517	45	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	518	1	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	518	2	important	important	ADJ
cblr-14241	518	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	518	4	these	these	DET
cblr-14241	518	5	actors	actor	NOUN
cblr-14241	518	6	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	518	7	usually	usually	ADV
cblr-14241	518	8	reduce	reduce	VERB
cblr-14241	518	9	that	that	DET
cblr-14241	518	10	chance	chance	NOUN
cblr-14241	518	11	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	518	12	‘	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	518	13	overcomplying	overcomplying	NOUN
cblr-14241	518	14	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	518	15	’	'	PUNCT
cblr-14241	518	16	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	518	17	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	518	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	518	19	modifying	modify	VERB
cblr-14241	518	20	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	518	21	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	518	22	beyond	beyond	ADP
cblr-14241	518	23	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	518	24	point	point	NOUN
cblr-14241	518	25	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	518	26	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	518	27	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	518	28	socially	socially	ADV
cblr-14241	518	29	optimal	optimal	ADJ
cblr-14241	518	30	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	518	31	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	518	32	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	518	33	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	519	1	131	131	NUM
cblr-14241	519	2	stephen	stephen	PROPN
cblr-14241	519	3	choi	choi	NOUN
cblr-14241	519	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	519	5	market	market	NOUN
cblr-14241	519	6	lessons	lesson	NOUN
cblr-14241	519	7	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	519	8	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	519	9	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	519	10	92	92	NUM
cblr-14241	519	11	nw	nw	NOUN
cblr-14241	519	12	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	519	13	u.	u.	PROPN
cblr-14241	519	14	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	519	15	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	519	16	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	519	17	916	916	NUM
cblr-14241	519	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	519	19	918–19	918–19	NOUN
cblr-14241	519	20	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	519	21	1998	1998	NUM
cblr-14241	519	22	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	519	23	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	520	1	910	910	NUM
cblr-14241	520	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	520	3	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	520	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	520	7	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	8	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	9	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	520	10	provide	provide	VERB
cblr-14241	520	11	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	520	12	intermediate	intermediate	ADJ
cblr-14241	520	13	possibility	possibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	14	between	between	ADP
cblr-14241	520	15	purely	purely	ADV
cblr-14241	520	16	contractual	contractual	ADJ
cblr-14241	520	17	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	520	18	strict	strict	ADJ
cblr-14241	520	19	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	20	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	21	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	520	22	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	520	23	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	520	24	involve	involve	VERB
cblr-14241	520	25	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	520	26	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	520	27	opt	opt	VERB
cblr-14241	520	28	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	520	29	out	out	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	30	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	520	31	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	520	32	legal	legal	ADJ
cblr-14241	520	33	regulation	regulation	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	34	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	520	35	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	520	36	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	520	37	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	520	38	applications	application	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	39	here	here	ADV
cblr-14241	520	40	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	520	41	well.132	well.132	NUM
cblr-14241	520	42	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	520	43	example	example	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	44	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	520	45	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	46	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	47	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	520	48	specified	specified	ADJ
cblr-14241	520	49	expertise	expertise	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	50	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	520	51	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	520	52	clearly	clearly	ADV
cblr-14241	520	53	defined	define	VERB
cblr-14241	520	54	duties	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	55	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	520	56	monitoring	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	520	57	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	520	58	actions	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	520	59	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	520	60	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	520	61	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	520	62	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	520	63	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	521	1	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	521	2	possibilities	possibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	521	3	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	521	4	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	521	5	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	521	6	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	521	7	monitoring	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	521	8	certain	certain	ADJ
cblr-14241	521	9	competencies	competency	NOUN
cblr-14241	521	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	521	11	sectors	sector	NOUN
cblr-14241	521	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	521	13	or	or	CCONJ
cblr-14241	521	14	personnel	personnel	NOUN
cblr-14241	521	15	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	521	16	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	521	17	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	521	18	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	522	1	this	this	PRON
cblr-14241	522	2	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	522	3	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
cblr-14241	522	4	some	some	PRON
cblr-14241	522	5	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	522	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	522	7	problems	problem	NOUN
cblr-14241	522	8	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	522	9	expanded	expand	VERB
cblr-14241	522	10	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	522	11	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	522	12	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	522	13	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	522	14	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	522	15	thereby	thereby	ADV
cblr-14241	522	16	mitigating	mitigate	VERB
cblr-14241	522	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	522	18	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
cblr-14241	522	19	which	which	PRON
cblr-14241	522	20	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	522	21	lead	lead	VERB
cblr-14241	522	22	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	522	23	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	522	24	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	523	1	ii	ii	PROPN
cblr-14241	523	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	523	3	cheap	cheap	ADJ
cblr-14241	523	4	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	523	5	effective	effective	ADJ
cblr-14241	523	6	monitoring	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	523	7	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	523	8	critique	critique	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	9	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	523	10	increased	increase	VERB
cblr-14241	523	11	regulation	regulation	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	12	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	523	13	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	523	14	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	15	is	be	AUX
cblr-14241	523	16	often	often	ADV
cblr-14241	523	17	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	523	18	effective.133	effective.133	VERB
cblr-14241	523	19	one	one	NUM
cblr-14241	523	20	line	line	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	523	22	argument	argument	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	23	states	state	VERB
cblr-14241	523	24	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	523	25	reforms	reform	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	26	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	523	27	rely	rely	VERB
cblr-14241	523	28	on	on	ADP
cblr-14241	523	29	increased	increase	VERB
cblr-14241	523	30	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	31	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	523	32	independent	independent	ADJ
cblr-14241	523	33	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	34	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	523	35	auditors	auditor	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	36	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	523	37	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	523	38	regulators	regulator	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	39	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	523	40	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	523	41	both	both	PRON
cblr-14241	523	42	weak	weak	ADJ
cblr-14241	523	43	incentives	incentive	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	44	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	523	45	low	low	ADJ
cblr-14241	523	46	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	523	47	level	level	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	48	access	access	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	49	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	523	50	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	51	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	523	52	”134	”134	PUNCT
cblr-14241	523	53	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	523	54	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	523	55	expansion	expansion	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	56	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	523	57	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	58	person	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	59	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	60	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	523	61	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	523	62	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	523	63	these	these	DET
cblr-14241	523	64	barriers	barrier	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	65	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	523	66	effective	effective	ADJ
cblr-14241	523	67	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	523	68	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	523	69	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	523	70	remedied	remedied	ADJ
cblr-14241	523	71	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	524	1	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	524	2	officer	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	3	covered	cover	VERB
cblr-14241	524	4	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	524	5	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	6	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	524	7	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	524	8	has	have	VERB
cblr-14241	524	9	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	524	10	strong	strong	ADJ
cblr-14241	524	11	incentive	incentive	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	12	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	524	13	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	524	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	524	15	work	work	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	16	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	524	17	actions	action	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	18	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	524	19	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	524	20	subordinates	subordinate	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	21	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	524	22	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	524	23	failure	failure	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	24	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	524	25	do	do	AUX
cblr-14241	524	26	so	so	ADV
cblr-14241	524	27	could	could	AUX
cblr-14241	524	28	result	result	VERB
cblr-14241	524	29	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	524	30	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	31	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	524	32	federal	federal	ADJ
cblr-14241	524	33	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	34	law.135	law.135	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	35	additionally	additionally	ADV
cblr-14241	524	36	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	524	37	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	524	38	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	39	have	have	VERB
cblr-14241	524	40	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	524	41	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	524	42	potential	potential	ADJ
cblr-14241	524	43	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	44	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	45	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	524	46	greatest	great	ADJ
cblr-14241	524	47	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	48	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	524	49	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	524	50	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	51	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	524	52	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	53	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	524	54	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	524	55	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	524	56	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	57	operations.136	operations.136	ADV
cblr-14241	524	58	if	if	SCONJ
cblr-14241	524	59	there	there	PRON
cblr-14241	524	60	is	be	VERB
cblr-14241	524	61	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	524	62	greater	great	ADJ
cblr-14241	524	63	risk	risk	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	64	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	524	65	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	66	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	524	67	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	524	68	132	132	NUM
cblr-14241	524	69	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	524	70	i	i	PRON
cblr-14241	524	71	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	524	72	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	524	73	951–52	951–52	NUM
cblr-14241	524	74	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	1	133	133	NUM
cblr-14241	525	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	525	3	ribstein	ribstein	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	5	supra	supra	PROPN
cblr-14241	525	6	note	note	PROPN
cblr-14241	525	7	124	124	NUM
cblr-14241	525	8	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	9	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	525	10	3	3	NUM
cblr-14241	525	11	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	12	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	525	14	frauds	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	15	[	[	X
cblr-14241	525	16	including	include	VERB
cblr-14241	525	17	enron	enron	PROPN
cblr-14241	525	18	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	525	19	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	525	20	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	525	21	frauds	fraud	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	22	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	23	occurred	occur	VERB
cblr-14241	525	24	despite	despite	SCONJ
cblr-14241	525	25	several	several	ADJ
cblr-14241	525	26	levels	level	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	27	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	525	28	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	29	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	525	30	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	31	among	among	ADP
cblr-14241	525	32	others	other	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	33	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	34	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	35	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	36	prominent	prominent	ADJ
cblr-14241	525	37	accounting	accounting	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	38	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	525	39	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	40	firms	firm	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	41	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	42	institutional	institutional	ADJ
cblr-14241	525	43	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	44	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	45	debt	debt	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	46	rating	rating	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	47	agencies	agency	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	48	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	49	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	525	50	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	51	analyst	analyst	NOUN
cblr-14241	525	52	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	53	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	54	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	525	55	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	526	1	134	134	NUM
cblr-14241	527	1	i	i	PROPN
cblr-14241	527	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cblr-14241	527	3	135	135	NUM
cblr-14241	527	4	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	527	5	assaf	assaf	PROPN
cblr-14241	527	6	hamdani	hamdani	PROPN
cblr-14241	527	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	527	8	gatekeeper	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	527	9	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	527	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	527	11	77	77	NUM
cblr-14241	527	12	s.	s.	PROPN
cblr-14241	527	13	cal	cal	PROPN
cblr-14241	527	14	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	528	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cblr-14241	528	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cblr-14241	528	3	.	.	PROPN
cblr-14241	528	4	53	53	NUM
cblr-14241	528	5	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	528	6	53	53	NUM
cblr-14241	528	7	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	528	8	2003	2003	NUM
cblr-14241	528	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	528	10	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	528	11	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	528	12	enhanced	enhanced	ADJ
cblr-14241	528	13	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	528	14	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	528	15	however	however	ADV
cblr-14241	528	16	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	528	17	will	will	AUX
cblr-14241	528	18	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	528	19	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	528	20	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	528	21	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	528	22	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	528	23	clients	client	NOUN
cblr-14241	528	24	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	528	25	prevent	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	528	26	them	they	PRON
cblr-14241	528	27	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	528	28	committing	commit	VERB
cblr-14241	528	29	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cblr-14241	528	30	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	528	31	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	529	1	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	529	2	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	529	3	while	while	SCONJ
cblr-14241	529	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	529	5	author	author	NOUN
cblr-14241	529	6	was	be	AUX
cblr-14241	529	7	referring	refer	VERB
cblr-14241	529	8	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	529	9	third	third	ADJ
cblr-14241	529	10	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	529	11	party	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	529	12	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	529	13	rather	rather	ADV
cblr-14241	529	14	than	than	ADP
cblr-14241	529	15	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	529	16	within	within	ADP
cblr-14241	529	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	529	18	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	529	19	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	529	20	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	529	21	impact	impact	NOUN
cblr-14241	529	22	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	529	23	enhanced	enhanced	ADJ
cblr-14241	529	24	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	529	25	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	529	26	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	529	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	529	28	same	same	ADJ
cblr-14241	529	29	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	529	30	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	530	1	136	136	NUM
cblr-14241	530	2	see	see	VERB
cblr-14241	530	3	lisa	lisa	PROPN
cblr-14241	530	4	v.	v.	ADP
cblr-14241	530	5	sison	sison	PROPN
cblr-14241	530	6	&	&	CCONJ
cblr-14241	530	7	brian	brian	PROPN
cblr-14241	530	8	h.	h.	PROPN
cblr-14241	530	9	kleiner	kleiner	PROPN
cblr-14241	530	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	530	11	differences	difference	NOUN
cblr-14241	530	12	between	between	ADP
cblr-14241	530	13	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	530	14	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	530	15	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	530	16	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	530	17	executives	executive	NOUN
cblr-14241	530	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	530	19	24	24	NUM
cblr-14241	530	20	mgmt	mgmt	NOUN
cblr-14241	530	21	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	531	1	rsch	rsch	PROPN
cblr-14241	531	2	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	532	1	news	news	NOUN
cblr-14241	532	2	157	157	NUM
cblr-14241	532	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	532	4	160	160	NUM
cblr-14241	532	5	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	532	6	2001	2001	NUM
cblr-14241	532	7	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	533	1	no	no	INTJ
cblr-14241	533	2	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	534	1	2	2	X
cblr-14241	534	2	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	534	3	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	534	4	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	534	5	controllers	controller	NOUN
cblr-14241	534	6	911	911	NUM
cblr-14241	534	7	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	534	8	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	534	9	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	534	10	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
cblr-14241	534	11	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	534	12	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	534	13	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	534	14	regime	regime	NOUN
cblr-14241	534	15	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	534	16	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	534	17	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	534	18	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	534	19	both	both	PRON
cblr-14241	534	20	incentivized	incentivize	VERB
cblr-14241	534	21	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	534	22	closely	closely	ADV
cblr-14241	534	23	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	534	24	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	534	25	activities	activity	NOUN
cblr-14241	534	26	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	534	27	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	534	28	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	534	29	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	534	30	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	534	31	well	well	ADV
cblr-14241	534	32	placed	place	VERB
cblr-14241	534	33	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	534	34	do	do	VERB
cblr-14241	534	35	so	so	ADV
cblr-14241	534	36	due	due	ADP
cblr-14241	534	37	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	534	38	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	534	39	involvement	involvement	NOUN
cblr-14241	534	40	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	534	41	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	534	42	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	534	43	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	534	44	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	534	45	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	534	46	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	534	47	management	management	NOUN
cblr-14241	534	48	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	534	49	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	534	50	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	534	51	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	535	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cblr-14241	535	2	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	535	3	addition	addition	NOUN
cblr-14241	535	4	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	535	5	remedying	remedy	VERB
cblr-14241	535	6	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cblr-14241	535	7	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	535	8	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	535	9	at	at	ADP
cblr-14241	535	10	its	its	PRON
cblr-14241	535	11	best	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	535	12	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	535	13	also	also	ADV
cblr-14241	535	14	shape	shape	VERB
cblr-14241	535	15	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	535	16	towards	towards	ADP
cblr-14241	535	17	socially	socially	ADV
cblr-14241	535	18	optimal	optimal	ADJ
cblr-14241	535	19	ends	end	NOUN
cblr-14241	535	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	536	1	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	536	2	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	536	3	circuit	circuit	PROPN
cblr-14241	536	4	’s	’s	PART
cblr-14241	536	5	approach	approach	NOUN
cblr-14241	536	6	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	536	7	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	536	8	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	536	9	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	536	10	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	536	11	indeed	indeed	ADV
cblr-14241	536	12	shapes	shape	VERB
cblr-14241	536	13	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	536	14	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cblr-14241	536	15	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	536	16	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	536	17	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	536	18	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	536	19	such	such	DET
cblr-14241	536	20	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	536	21	way	way	NOUN
cblr-14241	536	22	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	537	1	through	through	ADP
cblr-14241	537	2	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	537	3	adoption	adoption	NOUN
cblr-14241	537	4	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	537	5	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	537	6	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	537	7	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	537	8	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	537	9	friendly	friendly	ADJ
cblr-14241	537	10	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	537	11	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	537	12	particularly	particularly	ADV
cblr-14241	537	13	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	537	14	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	537	15	second	second	ADJ
cblr-14241	537	16	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	537	17	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	537	18	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	537	19	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	537	20	deter	deter	VERB
cblr-14241	537	21	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	537	22	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	537	23	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	537	24	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	537	25	using	use	VERB
cblr-14241	537	26	controlled	control	VERB
cblr-14241	537	27	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	537	28	as	as	SCONJ
cblr-14241	537	29	proxies	proxy	NOUN
cblr-14241	537	30	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	537	31	violate	violate	VERB
cblr-14241	537	32	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	537	33	laws	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	537	34	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	538	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
cblr-14241	538	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	538	3	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	538	4	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	538	5	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	538	6	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	538	7	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	538	8	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	538	9	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	538	10	serve	serve	VERB
cblr-14241	538	11	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	538	12	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	538	13	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	538	14	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	538	15	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	538	16	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	538	17	prevent	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	538	18	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	538	19	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	538	20	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	538	21	agents	agent	NOUN
cblr-14241	538	22	lest	lest	SCONJ
cblr-14241	538	23	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	538	24	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	538	25	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	538	26	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	538	27	under	under	ADP
cblr-14241	538	28	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	538	29	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	538	30	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	538	31	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	539	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	539	2	doing	do	VERB
cblr-14241	539	3	so	so	ADV
cblr-14241	539	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	539	5	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	539	6	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	539	7	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	539	8	closely	closely	ADV
cblr-14241	539	9	adhere	adhere	ADJ
cblr-14241	539	10	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	539	11	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	539	12	language	language	NOUN
cblr-14241	539	13	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	539	14	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	539	15	intent	intent	NOUN
cblr-14241	539	16	behind	behind	ADP
cblr-14241	539	17	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	539	18	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	539	19	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	539	20	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	540	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
cblr-14241	540	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	540	3	courts	court	NOUN
cblr-14241	540	4	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	540	5	embrace	embrace	VERB
cblr-14241	540	6	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	540	7	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	540	8	expansive	expansive	ADJ
cblr-14241	540	9	version	version	NOUN
cblr-14241	540	10	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	540	11	adequate	adequate	ADJ
cblr-14241	540	12	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	540	13	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	540	14	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cblr-14241	540	15	when	when	SCONJ
cblr-14241	540	16	presented	present	VERB
cblr-14241	540	17	with	with	ADP
cblr-14241	540	18	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	540	19	affirmative	affirmative	ADJ
cblr-14241	540	20	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	540	21	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	540	22	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	540	23	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	540	24	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	541	1	such	such	ADJ
cblr-14241	541	2	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	541	3	makes	make	VERB
cblr-14241	541	4	it	it	PRON
cblr-14241	541	5	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	541	6	likely	likely	ADJ
cblr-14241	541	7	that	that	SCONJ
cblr-14241	541	8	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	541	9	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	541	10	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	541	11	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	541	12	fail	fail	VERB
cblr-14241	541	13	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	541	14	their	their	PRON
cblr-14241	541	15	duties	duty	NOUN
cblr-14241	541	16	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	541	17	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV
cblr-14241	541	18	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	541	19	those	those	PRON
cblr-14241	541	20	they	they	PRON
cblr-14241	541	21	control	control	VERB
cblr-14241	541	22	can	can	AUX
cblr-14241	541	23	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	541	24	evade	evade	VERB
cblr-14241	541	25	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	541	26	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	542	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	542	2	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	542	3	words	word	NOUN
cblr-14241	542	4	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	542	5	controlling	control	VERB
cblr-14241	542	6	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	542	7	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	542	8	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	542	9	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	542	10	further	far	ADV
cblr-14241	542	11	induced	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	542	12	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	542	13	act	act	VERB
cblr-14241	542	14	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	542	15	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
cblr-14241	542	16	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	542	17	prevent	prevent	VERB
cblr-14241	542	18	any	any	DET
cblr-14241	542	19	securities	security	NOUN
cblr-14241	542	20	law	law	NOUN
cblr-14241	542	21	violations	violation	NOUN
cblr-14241	542	22	from	from	ADP
cblr-14241	542	23	taking	take	VERB
cblr-14241	542	24	place	place	NOUN
cblr-14241	542	25	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	543	1	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cblr-14241	543	2	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	543	3	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	543	4	amply	amply	ADV
cblr-14241	543	5	protected	protect	VERB
cblr-14241	543	6	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	543	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	543	8	affirmative	affirmative	ADJ
cblr-14241	543	9	good	good	ADJ
cblr-14241	543	10	faith	faith	NOUN
cblr-14241	543	11	defense	defense	NOUN
cblr-14241	543	12	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	543	13	so	so	SCONJ
cblr-14241	543	14	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	543	15	shift	shift	NOUN
cblr-14241	543	16	towards	towards	ADP
cblr-14241	543	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	543	18	more	more	ADV
cblr-14241	543	19	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cblr-14241	543	20	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	543	21	friendly	friendly	ADJ
cblr-14241	543	22	standard	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	543	23	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	543	24	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	543	25	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	543	26	likely	likely	ADJ
cblr-14241	543	27	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	543	28	wrongly	wrongly	VERB
cblr-14241	543	29	ensnare	ensnare	VERB
cblr-14241	543	30	parties	party	NOUN
cblr-14241	543	31	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	543	32	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	543	33	not	not	PART
cblr-14241	543	34	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	543	35	held	hold	VERB
cblr-14241	543	36	liable	liable	ADJ
cblr-14241	543	37	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	544	1	instead	instead	ADV
cblr-14241	544	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	544	3	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	544	4	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	544	5	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	544	6	approach	approach	NOUN
cblr-14241	544	7	would	would	AUX
cblr-14241	544	8	allow	allow	VERB
cblr-14241	544	9	valuable	valuable	ADJ
cblr-14241	544	10	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	544	11	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	544	12	reach	reach	VERB
cblr-14241	544	13	discovery	discovery	NOUN
cblr-14241	544	14	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	545	1	although	although	SCONJ
cblr-14241	545	2	excessive	excessive	ADJ
cblr-14241	545	3	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	545	4	costs	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	545	5	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	545	6	overcompliance	overcompliance	NOUN
cblr-14241	545	7	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	545	8	pose	pose	VERB
cblr-14241	545	9	problems	problem	NOUN
cblr-14241	545	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	545	11	delineating	delineate	VERB
cblr-14241	545	12	clear	clear	ADJ
cblr-14241	545	13	standards	standard	NOUN
cblr-14241	545	14	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	545	15	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cblr-14241	545	16	for	for	ADP
cblr-14241	545	17	control	control	NOUN
cblr-14241	545	18	persons	person	NOUN
cblr-14241	545	19	–	–	PUNCT
cblr-14241	545	20	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	545	21	addition	addition	NOUN
cblr-14241	545	22	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	545	23	other	other	ADJ
cblr-14241	545	24	solutions	solution	NOUN
cblr-14241	545	25	–	–	PUNCT
cblr-14241	545	26	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	545	27	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
cblr-14241	545	28	these	these	PRON
cblr-14241	545	29	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	546	1	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	546	2	fact	fact	NOUN
cblr-14241	546	3	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	546	4	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	546	5	by	by	ADP
cblr-14241	546	6	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	546	7	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	546	8	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	546	9	well	well	ADV
cblr-14241	546	10	incentivized	incentivize	VERB
cblr-14241	546	11	(	(	PUNCT
cblr-14241	546	12	referring	refer	VERB
cblr-14241	546	13	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	546	14	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cblr-14241	546	15	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	546	16	as	as	ADP
cblr-14241	546	17	“	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	546	18	[	[	X
cblr-14241	546	19	i]nsiders	i]nsiders	X
cblr-14241	546	20	[	[	X
cblr-14241	546	21	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	546	22	]	]	PUNCT
cblr-14241	546	23	possess	possess	VERB
cblr-14241	546	24	rich	rich	ADJ
cblr-14241	546	25	information	information	NOUN
cblr-14241	546	26	about	about	ADP
cblr-14241	546	27	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	546	28	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	546	29	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	546	30	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	546	31	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	546	32	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	546	33	operations	operation	NOUN
cblr-14241	546	34	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	546	35	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	546	36	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	546	37	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	547	1	”	"	PUNCT
cblr-14241	547	2	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	547	3	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	548	1	912	912	NUM
cblr-14241	548	2	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cblr-14241	548	3	business	business	NOUN
cblr-14241	548	4	law	law	PROPN
cblr-14241	548	5	review	review	NOUN
cblr-14241	548	6	[	[	X
cblr-14241	548	7	vol	vol	NOUN
cblr-14241	548	8	.	.	NOUN
cblr-14241	548	9	2024	2024	NUM
cblr-14241	548	10	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	548	11	monitor	monitor	VERB
cblr-14241	548	12	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	548	13	who	who	PRON
cblr-14241	548	14	are	be	AUX
cblr-14241	548	15	involved	involve	VERB
cblr-14241	548	16	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	548	17	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	548	18	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	548	19	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	548	20	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	548	21	-	-	PUNCT
cblr-14241	548	22	day	day	NOUN
cblr-14241	548	23	operations	operation	NOUN
cblr-14241	548	24	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	548	25	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	548	26	company	company	NOUN
cblr-14241	548	27	may	may	AUX
cblr-14241	548	28	reduce	reduce	VERB
cblr-14241	548	29	some	some	DET
cblr-14241	548	30	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
cblr-14241	548	31	costs	cost	NOUN
cblr-14241	548	32	.	.	PUNCT
cblr-14241	549	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
cblr-14241	549	2	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	549	3	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	549	4	adhere	adhere	VERB
cblr-14241	549	5	closer	close	ADV
cblr-14241	549	6	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	549	7	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	549	8	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cblr-14241	549	9	history	history	NOUN
cblr-14241	549	10	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	549	11	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	549	12	allow	allow	VERB
cblr-14241	549	13	valuable	valuable	ADJ
cblr-14241	549	14	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cblr-14241	549	15	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	549	16	reach	reach	VERB
cblr-14241	549	17	discovery	discovery	NOUN
cblr-14241	549	18	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	549	19	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	549	20	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	549	21	induce	induce	VERB
cblr-14241	549	22	officers	officer	NOUN
cblr-14241	549	23	and	and	CCONJ
cblr-14241	549	24	directors	director	NOUN
cblr-14241	549	25	to	to	PART
cblr-14241	549	26	act	act	VERB
cblr-14241	549	27	in	in	ADP
cblr-14241	549	28	a	a	DET
cblr-14241	549	29	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
cblr-14241	549	30	capacity	capacity	NOUN
cblr-14241	549	31	,	,	PUNCT
cblr-14241	549	32	an	an	DET
cblr-14241	549	33	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cblr-14241	549	34	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	549	35	section	section	NOUN
cblr-14241	549	36	20(a	20(a	NUM
cblr-14241	549	37	)	)	PUNCT
cblr-14241	549	38	liability	liability	NOUN
cblr-14241	549	39	akin	akin	ADJ
cblr-14241	549	40	to	to	ADP
cblr-14241	549	41	that	that	PRON
cblr-14241	549	42	of	of	ADP
cblr-14241	549	43	the	the	DET
cblr-14241	549	44	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cblr-14241	549	45	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cblr-14241	549	46	should	should	AUX
cblr-14241	549	47	be	be	AUX
cblr-14241	549	48	widely	widely	ADV
cblr-14241	549	49	adopted	adopt	VERB
cblr-14241	549	50	.	.	PUNCT