id sid tid token lemma pos cblr-1746 1 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1 5 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1 6 as as ADP cblr-1746 1 7 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1 8 alex alex PROPN cblr-1746 1 9 atticus atticus PROPN cblr-1746 1 10 parkinson∗ parkinson∗ PROPN cblr-1746 1 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1 12 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1 13 literature literature NOUN cblr-1746 1 14 is be AUX cblr-1746 1 15 fixated fixated ADJ cblr-1746 1 16 on on ADP cblr-1746 1 17 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 1 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1 19 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 1 20 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 1 21 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1 22 a a DET cblr-1746 1 23 near near ADV cblr-1746 1 24 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1 25 singular singular ADJ cblr-1746 1 26 focus focus NOUN cblr-1746 1 27 that that PRON cblr-1746 1 28 has have AUX cblr-1746 1 29 largely largely ADV cblr-1746 1 30 been be AUX cblr-1746 1 31 tracked track VERB cblr-1746 1 32 by by ADP cblr-1746 1 33 the the DET cblr-1746 1 34 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1 36 which which PRON cblr-1746 1 37 frequently frequently ADV cblr-1746 1 38 treat treat VERB cblr-1746 1 39 the the DET cblr-1746 1 40 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1 41 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1 42 mechanism mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 1 43 as as ADP cblr-1746 1 44 a a DET cblr-1746 1 45 pandora pandora NOUN cblr-1746 1 46 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1 47 box box PROPN cblr-1746 1 48 of of ADP cblr-1746 1 49 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 1 50 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1 51 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 2 1 the the DET cblr-1746 2 2 ascent ascent NOUN cblr-1746 2 3 of of ADP cblr-1746 2 4 the the DET cblr-1746 2 5 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 2 6 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 2 7 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 2 8 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 2 9 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 2 10 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 2 11 is be AUX cblr-1746 2 12 unsurprising unsurprising ADJ cblr-1746 2 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 3 1 the the DET cblr-1746 3 2 divide divide NOUN cblr-1746 3 3 between between ADP cblr-1746 3 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 3 5 members member NOUN cblr-1746 3 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 3 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 3 8 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 3 9 gives give VERB cblr-1746 3 10 rise rise NOUN cblr-1746 3 11 to to ADP cblr-1746 3 12 a a DET cblr-1746 3 13 host host NOUN cblr-1746 3 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 3 15 classical classical ADJ cblr-1746 3 16 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 3 17 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 3 18 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 3 19 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 3 20 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 3 21 selfinterested selfintereste VERB cblr-1746 3 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 3 23 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 3 24 often often ADV cblr-1746 3 25 have have VERB cblr-1746 3 26 incentives incentive NOUN cblr-1746 3 27 to to PART cblr-1746 3 28 act act VERB cblr-1746 3 29 contrary contrary ADV cblr-1746 3 30 to to ADP cblr-1746 3 31 the the DET cblr-1746 3 32 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 3 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 3 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 3 35 members member NOUN cblr-1746 3 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 3 37 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 3 38 class class NOUN cblr-1746 3 39 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 3 40 are be AUX cblr-1746 3 41 poor poor ADJ cblr-1746 3 42 monitors monitor NOUN cblr-1746 3 43 of of ADP cblr-1746 3 44 such such ADJ cblr-1746 3 45 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 3 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 4 1 however however ADV cblr-1746 4 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 4 3 the the DET cblr-1746 4 4 hegemony hegemony NOUN cblr-1746 4 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 4 6 this this DET cblr-1746 4 7 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 4 8 can can AUX cblr-1746 4 9 misguide misguide VERB cblr-1746 4 10 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 4 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 4 12 which which PRON cblr-1746 4 13 not not PART cblr-1746 4 14 only only ADV cblr-1746 4 15 aggressively aggressively ADV cblr-1746 4 16 regulate regulate VERB cblr-1746 4 17 genuine genuine ADJ cblr-1746 4 18 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 4 19 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 4 20 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 4 21 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 4 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 4 23 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 4 24 they they PRON cblr-1746 4 25 should should AUX cblr-1746 4 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 4 27 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 4 28 also also ADV cblr-1746 4 29 regularly regularly ADV cblr-1746 4 30 constrain constrain VERB cblr-1746 4 31 the the DET cblr-1746 4 32 size size NOUN cblr-1746 4 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 4 34 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 4 35 of of ADP cblr-1746 4 36 class class NOUN cblr-1746 4 37 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 4 38 without without ADP cblr-1746 4 39 explaining explain VERB cblr-1746 4 40 why why SCONJ cblr-1746 4 41 doing do VERB cblr-1746 4 42 so so ADV cblr-1746 4 43 mitigates mitigate VERB cblr-1746 4 44 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 4 45 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 4 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 5 1 that that PRON cblr-1746 5 2 said say VERB cblr-1746 5 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 5 4 the the DET cblr-1746 5 5 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 5 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 5 7 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 5 8 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 5 9 rests rest VERB cblr-1746 5 10 on on ADP cblr-1746 5 11 an an DET cblr-1746 5 12 often often ADV cblr-1746 5 13 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 5 14 assumed assume VERB cblr-1746 5 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 5 16 important important ADJ cblr-1746 5 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 5 18 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 5 19 inarguable inarguable ADJ cblr-1746 5 20 foundation foundation NOUN cblr-1746 5 21 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 5 22 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 5 23 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 5 24 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 5 25 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 5 26 arise arise VERB cblr-1746 5 27 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 5 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 5 29 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 5 30 separate separate ADJ cblr-1746 5 31 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 5 32 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 5 33 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 5 34 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 5 35 belonging belong VERB cblr-1746 5 36 to to ADP cblr-1746 5 37 class class NOUN cblr-1746 5 38 members member NOUN cblr-1746 5 39 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 5 40 from from ADP cblr-1746 5 41 management management NOUN cblr-1746 5 42 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 5 43 class class NOUN cblr-1746 5 44 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 5 45 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 5 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 6 1 this this DET cblr-1746 6 2 article article NOUN cblr-1746 6 3 refracts refract VERB cblr-1746 6 4 the the DET cblr-1746 6 5 frame frame NOUN cblr-1746 6 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 6 7 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 6 8 by by ADP cblr-1746 6 9 one one NUM cblr-1746 6 10 degree degree NOUN cblr-1746 6 11 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 6 12 from from ADP cblr-1746 6 13 the the DET cblr-1746 6 14 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 6 15 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 6 16 to to PART cblr-1746 6 17 coasean coasean VERB cblr-1746 6 18 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 6 19 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 6 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 7 1 descriptively descriptively ADV cblr-1746 7 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 7 3 the the DET cblr-1746 7 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 7 5 action action NOUN cblr-1746 7 6 is be AUX cblr-1746 7 7 a a DET cblr-1746 7 8 like like ADJ cblr-1746 7 9 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 7 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 8 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 8 2 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 8 3 are be AUX cblr-1746 8 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 8 5 like like ADP cblr-1746 8 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 8 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 8 8 comprised comprise VERB cblr-1746 8 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 8 10 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 8 11 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 8 12 that that PRON cblr-1746 8 13 aggregate aggregate VERB cblr-1746 8 14 to to PART cblr-1746 8 15 avoid avoid VERB cblr-1746 8 16 the the DET cblr-1746 8 17 higher high ADJ cblr-1746 8 18 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 8 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 8 20 acting act VERB cblr-1746 8 21 alone alone ADV cblr-1746 8 22 in in ADP cblr-1746 8 23 the the DET cblr-1746 8 24 market market NOUN cblr-1746 8 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 8 26 cede cede VERB cblr-1746 8 27 control control NOUN cblr-1746 8 28 to to ADP cblr-1746 8 29 a a DET cblr-1746 8 30 manager manager NOUN cblr-1746 8 31 to to PART cblr-1746 8 32 achieve achieve VERB cblr-1746 8 33 efficiencies efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 8 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 8 35 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 8 36 operate operate VERB cblr-1746 8 37 pursuant pursuant ADJ cblr-1746 8 38 to to ADP cblr-1746 8 39 a a DET cblr-1746 8 40 profit profit NOUN cblr-1746 8 41 motive motive NOUN cblr-1746 8 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 9 1 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 9 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 9 3 like like ADP cblr-1746 9 4 a a DET cblr-1746 9 5 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 9 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 9 7 there there PRON cblr-1746 9 8 is be VERB cblr-1746 9 9 a a DET cblr-1746 9 10 natural natural ADJ cblr-1746 9 11 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 9 12 almost almost ADV cblr-1746 9 13 organic organic ADJ cblr-1746 9 14 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 9 15 limit limit NOUN cblr-1746 9 16 to to ADP cblr-1746 9 17 the the DET cblr-1746 9 18 growth growth NOUN cblr-1746 9 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 9 20 a a DET cblr-1746 9 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 9 22 action action NOUN cblr-1746 9 23 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 9 24 it it PRON cblr-1746 9 25 will will AUX cblr-1746 9 26 expand expand VERB cblr-1746 9 27 until until ADP cblr-1746 9 28 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 9 29 outside outside ADP cblr-1746 9 30 the the DET cblr-1746 9 31 class class NOUN cblr-1746 9 32 action action NOUN cblr-1746 9 33 would would AUX cblr-1746 9 34 prove prove VERB cblr-1746 9 35 less less ADV cblr-1746 9 36 costly costly ADJ cblr-1746 9 37 than than ADP cblr-1746 9 38 additional additional ADJ cblr-1746 9 39 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 9 40 growth growth NOUN cblr-1746 9 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 9 42 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 10 1 this this DET cblr-1746 10 2 article article NOUN cblr-1746 10 3 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 10 4 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 10 5 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 10 6 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 10 7 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 10 8 is be AUX cblr-1746 10 9 consonant consonant VERB cblr-1746 10 10 with with ADP cblr-1746 10 11 the the DET cblr-1746 10 12 most most ADV cblr-1746 10 13 useful useful ADJ cblr-1746 10 14 components component NOUN cblr-1746 10 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 10 16 the the DET cblr-1746 10 17 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 10 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 10 19 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 10 20 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 10 21 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 10 22 those those PRON cblr-1746 10 23 that that PRON cblr-1746 10 24 rest rest VERB cblr-1746 10 25 on on ADP cblr-1746 10 26 the the DET cblr-1746 10 27 separation separation NOUN cblr-1746 10 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 10 29 ∗ ∗ NOUN cblr-1746 10 30 i i PRON cblr-1746 10 31 am be AUX cblr-1746 10 32 grateful grateful ADJ cblr-1746 10 33 to to ADP cblr-1746 10 34 the the DET cblr-1746 10 35 following follow VERB cblr-1746 10 36 individuals individual NOUN cblr-1746 10 37 for for ADP cblr-1746 10 38 helpful helpful ADJ cblr-1746 10 39 discussions discussion NOUN cblr-1746 10 40 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 10 41 suggestions suggestion NOUN cblr-1746 10 42 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 10 43 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 10 44 comments comment NOUN cblr-1746 10 45 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 10 46 daniel daniel PROPN cblr-1746 10 47 abebe abebe PROPN cblr-1746 10 48 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 10 49 douglas douglas PROPN cblr-1746 10 50 g. g. PROPN cblr-1746 10 51 baird baird PROPN cblr-1746 10 52 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 10 53 brian brian PROPN cblr-1746 10 54 fitzpatrick fitzpatrick PROPN cblr-1746 10 55 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 10 56 william william PROPN cblr-1746 10 57 h.j h.j PROPN cblr-1746 10 58 . . PROPN cblr-1746 10 59 hubbard hubbard PROPN cblr-1746 10 60 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 10 61 aziz aziz PROPN cblr-1746 10 62 huq huq PROPN cblr-1746 10 63 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 10 64 alexandra alexandra PROPN cblr-1746 10 65 lahav lahav PROPN cblr-1746 10 66 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 10 67 saul saul PROPN cblr-1746 10 68 levmore levmore PROPN cblr-1746 10 69 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 10 70 anup anup ADJ cblr-1746 10 71 malani malani PROPN cblr-1746 10 72 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 10 73 jonathan jonathan PROPN cblr-1746 10 74 masur masur PROPN cblr-1746 10 75 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 10 76 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 10 77 william william PROPN cblr-1746 10 78 rubenstein rubenstein PROPN cblr-1746 10 79 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 11 1 all all DET cblr-1746 11 2 views view NOUN cblr-1746 11 3 expressed express VERB cblr-1746 11 4 here here ADV cblr-1746 11 5 are be AUX cblr-1746 11 6 my my PRON cblr-1746 11 7 own own ADJ cblr-1746 11 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 12 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 12 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 12 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 12 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 12 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 13 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 13 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 13 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 13 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 13 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 13 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 13 7 741 741 NUM cblr-1746 13 8 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 13 9 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 13 10 management management NOUN cblr-1746 13 11 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 13 12 yet yet ADV cblr-1746 13 13 breaks break VERB cblr-1746 13 14 with with ADP cblr-1746 13 15 the the DET cblr-1746 13 16 traditionalist traditionalist NOUN cblr-1746 13 17 account account NOUN cblr-1746 13 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 13 19 important important ADJ cblr-1746 13 20 ways way NOUN cblr-1746 13 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 14 1 i. i. NOUN cblr-1746 14 2     SPACE cblr-1746 14 3 introduction introduction NOUN cblr-1746 14 4 .................................................................. .................................................................. PUNCT cblr-1746 14 5 741 741 NUM cblr-1746 14 6     SPACE cblr-1746 14 7 ii ii NOUN cblr-1746 14 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 14 9     SPACE cblr-1746 15 1 the the DET cblr-1746 15 2 dominance dominance NOUN cblr-1746 15 3 of of ADP cblr-1746 15 4 the the DET cblr-1746 15 5 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 15 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 15 7 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 15 8 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 15 9 .. .. PUNCT cblr-1746 15 10 745 745 NUM cblr-1746 15 11     SPACE cblr-1746 15 12 a. a. NOUN cblr-1746 15 13     SPACE cblr-1746 15 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 15 15 action action NOUN cblr-1746 15 16 literature literature NOUN cblr-1746 15 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 15 18 the the DET cblr-1746 15 19 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 15 20 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 15 21 ................................................. ................................................. PUNCT cblr-1746 15 22 746 746 NUM cblr-1746 15 23     SPACE cblr-1746 15 24 b. b. NOUN cblr-1746 15 25     SPACE cblr-1746 15 26 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 15 27 on on ADP cblr-1746 15 28 the the DET cblr-1746 15 29 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 15 30 ............................................ ............................................ PUNCT cblr-1746 16 1 751 751 NUM cblr-1746 16 2     SPACE cblr-1746 16 3 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 16 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 16 5     SPACE cblr-1746 16 6 regulating regulate VERB cblr-1746 16 7 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 16 8 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 16 9 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 16 10 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 16 11 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 16 12 ................................. ................................. PUNCT cblr-1746 17 1 751 751 NUM cblr-1746 17 2     SPACE cblr-1746 17 3 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 17 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 17 5     SPACE cblr-1746 17 6 regulating regulate VERB cblr-1746 17 7 external external ADJ cblr-1746 17 8 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 17 9 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 17 10 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 17 11 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 17 12 ....................................... ....................................... PUNCT cblr-1746 18 1 755 755 NUM cblr-1746 18 2     SPACE cblr-1746 18 3 c. c. NOUN cblr-1746 18 4     SPACE cblr-1746 18 5 refracting refract VERB cblr-1746 18 6 the the DET cblr-1746 18 7 frame frame NOUN cblr-1746 18 8 one one NUM cblr-1746 18 9 degree degree NOUN cblr-1746 18 10 ....................... ....................... PUNCT cblr-1746 18 11 759 759 NUM cblr-1746 18 12     SPACE cblr-1746 18 13 iii iii NOUN cblr-1746 18 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 18 15     SPACE cblr-1746 18 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 18 17 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 18 18 as as ADP cblr-1746 18 19 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 18 20 ................................................ ................................................ PUNCT cblr-1746 18 21 761 761 NUM cblr-1746 18 22     SPACE cblr-1746 18 23 a. a. NOUN cblr-1746 18 24     SPACE cblr-1746 18 25 parallels parallel VERB cblr-1746 18 26 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 18 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 18 28 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 18 29 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 18 30 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 18 31 ..................... ..................... PUNCT cblr-1746 19 1 761 761 NUM cblr-1746 19 2     SPACE cblr-1746 19 3 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 19 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 19 5     SPACE cblr-1746 19 6 inception inception NOUN cblr-1746 19 7 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 19 8 separation separation NOUN cblr-1746 19 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 19 10 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 19 11 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 19 12 management management NOUN cblr-1746 19 13 .................................................... .................................................... PUNCT cblr-1746 20 1 762 762 NUM cblr-1746 20 2     SPACE cblr-1746 20 3 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 20 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 20 5     SPACE cblr-1746 20 6 purpose purpose NOUN cblr-1746 20 7 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 20 8 profit profit NOUN cblr-1746 20 9 ................................................. ................................................. PUNCT cblr-1746 21 1 764 764 NUM cblr-1746 21 2     SPACE cblr-1746 21 3 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 21 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 21 5     SPACE cblr-1746 21 6 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 21 7 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 21 8 tripartite tripartite ADJ cblr-1746 21 9 organization organization NOUN cblr-1746 21 10 ................ ................ PUNCT cblr-1746 22 1 769 769 NUM cblr-1746 22 2     SPACE cblr-1746 22 3 b. b. PROPN cblr-1746 22 4     SPACE cblr-1746 22 5 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 22 6 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 22 7 selecting select VERB cblr-1746 22 8 a a DET cblr-1746 22 9 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 22 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 22 11 this this DET cblr-1746 22 12 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 22 13 ..... ..... PUNCT cblr-1746 22 14 771 771 NUM cblr-1746 22 15     SPACE cblr-1746 22 16 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 22 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 22 18     SPACE cblr-1746 22 19 managerialism managerialism NOUN cblr-1746 22 20 ................................................. ................................................. PUNCT cblr-1746 22 21 772 772 NUM cblr-1746 22 22     SPACE cblr-1746 22 23 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 22 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 22 25     SPACE cblr-1746 22 26 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 22 27 ................................................................ ................................................................ PUNCT cblr-1746 22 28 772 772 NUM cblr-1746 22 29     SPACE cblr-1746 22 30 iv iv NUM cblr-1746 22 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 22 32     SPACE cblr-1746 22 33 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 22 34 entailments entailment NOUN cblr-1746 22 35 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 22 36 tiers tier NOUN cblr-1746 22 37 of of ADP cblr-1746 22 38 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 22 39 ................... ................... PUNCT cblr-1746 23 1 777 777 NUM cblr-1746 23 2     SPACE cblr-1746 23 3 a. a. NOUN cblr-1746 23 4     SPACE cblr-1746 23 5 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 23 6 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 23 7 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 23 8 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 23 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 23 10 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 23 11 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 23 12 ..... ..... PUNCT cblr-1746 24 1 779 779 NUM cblr-1746 24 2     SPACE cblr-1746 24 3 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 24 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 24 5     SPACE cblr-1746 24 6 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 24 7 fit fit NOUN cblr-1746 24 8 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 24 9 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 24 10 .......................... .......................... PUNCT cblr-1746 25 1 782 782 NUM cblr-1746 25 2     SPACE cblr-1746 25 3 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 25 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 25 5     SPACE cblr-1746 25 6 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 25 7 change change NOUN cblr-1746 25 8 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 25 9 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 25 10 .......................... .......................... PUNCT cblr-1746 26 1 785 785 NUM cblr-1746 26 2     SPACE cblr-1746 26 3 b. b. PROPN cblr-1746 26 4     SPACE cblr-1746 26 5 external external ADJ cblr-1746 26 6 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 26 7 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 26 8 make make VERB cblr-1746 26 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 26 10 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 26 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 26 12 buy buy VERB cblr-1746 26 13 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 26 14 .... .... PUNCT cblr-1746 27 1 790 790 NUM cblr-1746 27 2     SPACE cblr-1746 27 3 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 27 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 27 5     SPACE cblr-1746 27 6 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 27 7 fit fit NOUN cblr-1746 27 8 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 27 9 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 27 10 .............................. .............................. PUNCT cblr-1746 28 1 794 794 NUM cblr-1746 28 2     SPACE cblr-1746 28 3 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 28 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 28 5     SPACE cblr-1746 28 6 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 28 7 change change NOUN cblr-1746 28 8 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 28 9 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 28 10 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 28 11 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 28 12 .................................................. .................................................. PUNCT cblr-1746 29 1 798 798 NUM cblr-1746 29 2     SPACE cblr-1746 29 3 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 29 4     SPACE cblr-1746 29 5 exchanging exchange VERB cblr-1746 29 6 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 29 7 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 29 8 for for ADP cblr-1746 29 9 external external ADJ cblr-1746 29 10 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 29 11 ...................................................................... ...................................................................... PUNCT cblr-1746 29 12 807 807 NUM cblr-1746 29 13     SPACE cblr-1746 29 14 vi vi PROPN cblr-1746 29 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 29 16     SPACE cblr-1746 29 17 conclusion conclusion NOUN cblr-1746 29 18 .................................................................... .................................................................... PUNCT cblr-1746 29 19 821 821 NUM cblr-1746 29 20     SPACE cblr-1746 29 21 i. i. NOUN cblr-1746 29 22 introduction introduction NOUN cblr-1746 29 23 what what PRON cblr-1746 29 24 is be AUX cblr-1746 29 25 the the DET cblr-1746 29 26 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 29 27 size size NOUN cblr-1746 29 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 29 29 a a DET cblr-1746 29 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 29 31 action action NOUN cblr-1746 29 32 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 29 33 what what PRON cblr-1746 29 34 is be AUX cblr-1746 29 35 the the DET cblr-1746 29 36 best good ADJ cblr-1746 29 37 way way NOUN cblr-1746 29 38 to to PART cblr-1746 29 39 monitor monitor VERB cblr-1746 29 40 class class NOUN cblr-1746 29 41 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 29 42 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 30 1 these these DET cblr-1746 30 2 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 30 3 have have VERB cblr-1746 30 4 motivated motivated ADJ cblr-1746 30 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 30 6 action action NOUN cblr-1746 30 7 scholarship scholarship NOUN cblr-1746 30 8 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 30 9 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 30 10 for for ADP cblr-1746 30 11 decades decade NOUN cblr-1746 30 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 31 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 31 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 31 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 31 4 742 742 NUM cblr-1746 31 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 31 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 31 7 law law NOUN cblr-1746 31 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 32 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 32 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 32 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 32 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 32 5 for for ADP cblr-1746 32 6 answers answer NOUN cblr-1746 32 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 32 8 one one PRON cblr-1746 32 9 must must AUX cblr-1746 32 10 piece piece VERB cblr-1746 32 11 together together ADV cblr-1746 32 12 scores score NOUN cblr-1746 32 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 32 14 opinions opinion NOUN cblr-1746 32 15 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 32 16 hundreds hundred NOUN cblr-1746 32 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 32 18 treatises treatise NOUN cblr-1746 32 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 32 20 commentaries commentary NOUN cblr-1746 32 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 32 22 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 32 23 articles article NOUN cblr-1746 32 24 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 32 25 rare rare ADJ cblr-1746 32 26 is be AUX cblr-1746 32 27 the the DET cblr-1746 32 28 source source NOUN cblr-1746 32 29 that that PRON cblr-1746 32 30 claims claim VERB cblr-1746 32 31 to to PART cblr-1746 32 32 advance advance VERB cblr-1746 32 33 a a DET cblr-1746 32 34 unified unified ADJ cblr-1746 32 35 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 32 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 33 1 many many ADJ cblr-1746 33 2 argue argue VERB cblr-1746 33 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 33 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 33 5 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 33 6 should should AUX cblr-1746 33 7 be be AUX cblr-1746 33 8 smaller small ADJ cblr-1746 33 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 33 10 infrequently infrequently ADV cblr-1746 33 11 certified certify VERB cblr-1746 33 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 33 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 33 14 monitored monitor VERB cblr-1746 33 15 with with ADP cblr-1746 33 16 a a DET cblr-1746 33 17 skeptical skeptical ADJ cblr-1746 33 18 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 33 19 eye eye NOUN cblr-1746 33 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 34 1 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 34 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 34 3 extant extant ADJ cblr-1746 34 4 literature literature NOUN cblr-1746 34 5 is be AUX cblr-1746 34 6 dominated dominate VERB cblr-1746 34 7 by by ADP cblr-1746 34 8 portrayals portrayal NOUN cblr-1746 34 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 34 10 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 34 11 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 34 12 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 34 13 as as ADP cblr-1746 34 14 unscrupulous unscrupulous ADJ cblr-1746 34 15 raiders raider NOUN cblr-1746 34 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 34 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 34 18 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 34 19 as as ADP cblr-1746 34 20 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 34 21 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 34 22 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 34 23 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 34 24 waiting wait VERB cblr-1746 34 25 to to ADP cblr-1746 34 26 happen.1 happen.1 PROPN cblr-1746 34 27 this this DET cblr-1746 34 28 nearsingular nearsingular ADJ cblr-1746 34 29 focus focus NOUN cblr-1746 34 30 is be AUX cblr-1746 34 31 often often ADV cblr-1746 34 32 tracked track VERB cblr-1746 34 33 by by ADP cblr-1746 34 34 the the DET cblr-1746 34 35 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 34 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 34 37 many many ADJ cblr-1746 34 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 34 39 which which PRON cblr-1746 34 40 treat treat VERB cblr-1746 34 41 class class NOUN cblr-1746 34 42 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 34 43 as as ADP cblr-1746 34 44 a a DET cblr-1746 34 45 pandora pandora NOUN cblr-1746 34 46 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 34 47 box box PROPN cblr-1746 34 48 of of ADP cblr-1746 34 49 agency agency PROPN cblr-1746 34 50 costs.2 costs.2 VERB cblr-1746 34 51 this this DET cblr-1746 34 52 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 34 53 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 34 54 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 34 55 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 34 56 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 34 57 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 34 58 is be AUX cblr-1746 34 59 not not PART cblr-1746 34 60 without without ADP cblr-1746 34 61 foundation foundation NOUN cblr-1746 34 62 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 34 63 the the DET cblr-1746 34 64 divide divide NOUN cblr-1746 34 65 between between ADP cblr-1746 34 66 class class NOUN cblr-1746 34 67 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 34 68 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 34 69 class class NOUN cblr-1746 34 70 members member NOUN cblr-1746 34 71 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 34 72 gives give VERB cblr-1746 34 73 rise rise NOUN cblr-1746 34 74 to to ADP cblr-1746 34 75 a a DET cblr-1746 34 76 host host NOUN cblr-1746 34 77 of of ADP cblr-1746 34 78 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 34 79 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 34 80 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 34 81 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 34 82 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 34 83 accompanying accompany VERB cblr-1746 34 84 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 34 85 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 34 86 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 35 1 self self NOUN cblr-1746 35 2 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 35 3 interested interested ADJ cblr-1746 35 4 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 35 5 often often ADV cblr-1746 35 6 has have VERB cblr-1746 35 7 the the DET cblr-1746 35 8 opportunity opportunity NOUN cblr-1746 35 9 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 35 10 incentive incentive NOUN cblr-1746 35 11 to to PART cblr-1746 35 12 act act VERB cblr-1746 35 13 in in ADP cblr-1746 35 14 a a DET cblr-1746 35 15 manner manner NOUN cblr-1746 35 16 that that PRON cblr-1746 35 17 is be AUX cblr-1746 35 18 contrary contrary ADJ cblr-1746 35 19 to to ADP cblr-1746 35 20 the the DET cblr-1746 35 21 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 35 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 35 23 the the DET cblr-1746 35 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 35 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 35 26 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 35 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 35 28 members member NOUN cblr-1746 35 29 are be AUX cblr-1746 35 30 poor poor ADJ cblr-1746 35 31 monitors monitor NOUN cblr-1746 35 32 of of ADP cblr-1746 35 33 such such ADJ cblr-1746 35 34 behavior.3 behavior.3 NOUN cblr-1746 35 35 however however ADV cblr-1746 35 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 35 37 this this DET cblr-1746 35 38 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 35 39 is be AUX cblr-1746 35 40 incomplete incomplete ADJ cblr-1746 35 41 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 35 42 not not PART cblr-1746 35 43 all all PRON cblr-1746 35 44 class class NOUN cblr-1746 35 45 action action NOUN cblr-1746 35 46 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 35 47 are be AUX cblr-1746 35 48 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 35 49 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 35 50 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 35 51 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 35 52 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 36 1 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 36 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 36 3 even even ADV cblr-1746 36 4 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 36 5 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 36 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 36 7 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 36 8 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 36 9 arise arise VERB cblr-1746 36 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 36 11 their their PRON cblr-1746 36 12 attendant attendant ADJ cblr-1746 36 13 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 36 14 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 36 15 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 36 16 the the DET cblr-1746 36 17 responses response NOUN cblr-1746 36 18 they they PRON cblr-1746 36 19 demand demand VERB cblr-1746 36 20 differ differ VERB cblr-1746 36 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 37 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 37 2 some some DET cblr-1746 37 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 37 4 action action NOUN cblr-1746 37 5 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 37 6 present present VERB cblr-1746 37 7 pernicious pernicious ADJ cblr-1746 37 8 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 37 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 37 10 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 37 11 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 37 12 that that PRON cblr-1746 37 13 demand demand VERB cblr-1746 37 14 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 37 15 see see VERB cblr-1746 37 16 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 37 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 37 18 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 37 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 37 20 john john PROPN cblr-1746 37 21 c. c. PROPN cblr-1746 37 22 coffee coffee PROPN cblr-1746 37 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 37 24 jr jr PROPN cblr-1746 37 25 . . PROPN cblr-1746 37 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 37 27 rescuing rescue VERB cblr-1746 37 28 the the DET cblr-1746 37 29 private private ADJ cblr-1746 37 30 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 37 31 general general NOUN cblr-1746 37 32 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 37 33 why why SCONJ cblr-1746 37 34 the the DET cblr-1746 37 35 model model NOUN cblr-1746 37 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 37 37 the the DET cblr-1746 37 38 lawyer lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 37 39 as as ADP cblr-1746 37 40 bounty bounty NOUN cblr-1746 37 41 hunter hunter NOUN cblr-1746 37 42 is be AUX cblr-1746 37 43 not not PART cblr-1746 37 44 working work VERB cblr-1746 37 45 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 37 46 42 42 NUM cblr-1746 37 47 md md PROPN cblr-1746 37 48 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 38 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 38 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 38 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 38 4 215 215 NUM cblr-1746 38 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 38 6 1983 1983 NUM cblr-1746 38 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 38 8 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 38 9 see see VERB cblr-1746 38 10 also also ADV cblr-1746 38 11 infra infra VERB cblr-1746 38 12 section section NOUN cblr-1746 38 13 ii.a ii.a PROPN cblr-1746 38 14 . . PROPN cblr-1746 38 15 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 38 16 see see VERB cblr-1746 38 17 infra infra NOUN cblr-1746 38 18 section section NOUN cblr-1746 38 19 ii.b ii.b NOUN cblr-1746 38 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 38 21 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 38 22 pauline pauline PROPN cblr-1746 38 23 t. t. PROPN cblr-1746 38 24 kim kim PROPN cblr-1746 38 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 38 26 beyond beyond ADP cblr-1746 38 27 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 38 28 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 38 29 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 38 30 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 38 31 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 38 32 law law NOUN cblr-1746 38 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 38 34 the the DET cblr-1746 38 35 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 38 36 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN cblr-1746 38 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 38 38 105 105 NUM cblr-1746 38 39 nw nw X cblr-1746 38 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 38 41 u. u. PROPN cblr-1746 38 42 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 38 43 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 38 44 . . PROPN cblr-1746 38 45 535 535 NUM cblr-1746 38 46 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 38 47 574 574 NUM cblr-1746 38 48 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 38 49 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 38 50 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 38 51 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 38 52 noting note VERB cblr-1746 38 53 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 38 54 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 38 55 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 38 56 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 38 57 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 38 58 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 38 59 suggest suggest VERB cblr-1746 38 60 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 38 61 informational informational ADJ cblr-1746 38 62 asymmetries asymmetry NOUN cblr-1746 38 63 allow allow VERB cblr-1746 38 64 agents agent NOUN cblr-1746 38 65 to to PART cblr-1746 38 66 avoid avoid VERB cblr-1746 38 67 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 38 68 of of ADP cblr-1746 38 69 their their PRON cblr-1746 38 70 activities activity NOUN cblr-1746 38 71 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 38 72 thereby thereby ADV cblr-1746 38 73 afford afford VERB cblr-1746 38 74 them they PRON cblr-1746 38 75 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 38 76 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 38 77 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 38 78 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 38 79 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 38 80 see see VERB cblr-1746 38 81 christopher christopher PROPN cblr-1746 38 82 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 38 83 leslie leslie PROPN cblr-1746 38 84 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 38 85 cartels cartel NOUN cblr-1746 38 86 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 38 87 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 38 88 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 38 89 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 38 90 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 38 91 finding find VERB cblr-1746 38 92 virtue virtue NOUN cblr-1746 38 93 in in ADP cblr-1746 38 94 faithless faithless ADJ cblr-1746 38 95 agents agent NOUN cblr-1746 38 96 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 38 97 49 49 NUM cblr-1746 38 98 wm wm PROPN cblr-1746 38 99 . . PROPN cblr-1746 38 100 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 38 101 mary mary PROPN cblr-1746 38 102 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 38 103 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 38 104 . . PROPN cblr-1746 38 105 1621 1621 NUM cblr-1746 38 106 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 38 107 1636 1636 NUM cblr-1746 38 108 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 38 109 2008 2008 NUM cblr-1746 38 110 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 38 111 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 38 112 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 38 113 the the DET cblr-1746 38 114 lawyer lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 38 115 acts act VERB cblr-1746 38 116 as as ADP cblr-1746 38 117 a a DET cblr-1746 38 118 faithless faithless ADJ cblr-1746 38 119 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 38 120 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 38 121 she she PRON cblr-1746 38 122 pursues pursue VERB cblr-1746 38 123 her her PRON cblr-1746 38 124 own own ADJ cblr-1746 38 125 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 38 126 at at ADP cblr-1746 38 127 the the DET cblr-1746 38 128 expense expense NOUN cblr-1746 38 129 of of ADP cblr-1746 38 130 her her PRON cblr-1746 38 131 client client NOUN cblr-1746 38 132 ’s ’s NOUN cblr-1746 38 133 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 39 1 this this PRON cblr-1746 39 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 39 3 a a DET cblr-1746 39 4 particular particular ADJ cblr-1746 39 5 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 39 6 in in ADP cblr-1746 39 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 39 8 action action NOUN cblr-1746 39 9 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 39 10 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 39 11 there there PRON cblr-1746 39 12 are be VERB cblr-1746 39 13 so so ADV cblr-1746 39 14 many many ADJ cblr-1746 39 15 putative putative ADJ cblr-1746 39 16 principals principal NOUN cblr-1746 39 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 39 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 39 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 40 1 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 41 1 this this PRON cblr-1746 41 2 sometimes sometimes ADV cblr-1746 41 3 results result VERB cblr-1746 41 4 in in ADP cblr-1746 41 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 41 6 for for ADP cblr-1746 41 7 example example NOUN cblr-1746 41 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 41 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 41 10 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 41 11 negotiating negotiate VERB cblr-1746 41 12 low low ADJ cblr-1746 41 13 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 41 14 in in ADP cblr-1746 41 15 exchange exchange NOUN cblr-1746 41 16 for for ADP cblr-1746 41 17 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 41 18 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 41 19 payment payment NOUN cblr-1746 41 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 41 21 relatively relatively ADV cblr-1746 41 22 high high ADJ cblr-1746 41 23 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 41 24 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 41 25 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 41 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 41 27 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 41 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 41 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 42 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 42 2 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 42 3 eric eric PROPN cblr-1746 42 4 w. w. PROPN cblr-1746 42 5 orts orts PROPN cblr-1746 42 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 42 7 shirking shirking NOUN cblr-1746 42 8 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 42 9 sharking sharking NOUN cblr-1746 42 10 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 42 11 a a DET cblr-1746 42 12 legal legal ADJ cblr-1746 42 13 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 42 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 42 15 the the DET cblr-1746 42 16 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 42 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 42 18 16 16 NUM cblr-1746 42 19 yale yale PROPN cblr-1746 42 20 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 42 21 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 42 22 pol’y pol’y NOUN cblr-1746 42 23 rev rev VERB cblr-1746 42 24 . . PROPN cblr-1746 42 25 265 265 NUM cblr-1746 42 26 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 42 27 1998 1998 NUM cblr-1746 42 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 42 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 43 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 43 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 43 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 43 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 43 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 44 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 44 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 44 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 44 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 44 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 44 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 44 7 743 743 NUM cblr-1746 44 8 interventionist interventionist ADJ cblr-1746 44 9 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 44 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 44 11 others other NOUN cblr-1746 44 12 can can AUX cblr-1746 44 13 be be AUX cblr-1746 44 14 self self NOUN cblr-1746 44 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 44 16 regulating.4 regulating.4 PROPN cblr-1746 44 17 the the DET cblr-1746 44 18 status status NOUN cblr-1746 44 19 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 44 20 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 44 21 lone lone ADJ cblr-1746 44 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 44 23 action action NOUN cblr-1746 44 24 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 44 25 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 44 26 no no DET cblr-1746 44 27 means mean NOUN cblr-1746 44 28 for for ADP cblr-1746 44 29 differentiating differentiate VERB cblr-1746 44 30 along along ADP cblr-1746 44 31 these these DET cblr-1746 44 32 dimensions dimension NOUN cblr-1746 44 33 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 44 34 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 44 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 44 36 to to ADP cblr-1746 44 37 it it PRON cblr-1746 44 38 all all DET cblr-1746 44 39 class class NOUN cblr-1746 44 40 action action NOUN cblr-1746 44 41 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 44 42 present present VERB cblr-1746 44 43 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 44 44 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 44 45 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 44 46 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 44 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 44 48 equal equal ADJ cblr-1746 44 49 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 44 50 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 44 51 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 45 1 this this DET cblr-1746 45 2 blunt blunt ADJ cblr-1746 45 3 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 45 4 can can AUX cblr-1746 45 5 not not PART cblr-1746 45 6 provide provide VERB cblr-1746 45 7 precise precise ADJ cblr-1746 45 8 guidance guidance NOUN cblr-1746 45 9 to to ADP cblr-1746 45 10 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 45 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 45 12 limited limited ADJ cblr-1746 45 13 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 45 14 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 45 15 specialized specialized ADJ cblr-1746 45 16 competencies competency NOUN cblr-1746 45 17 applying apply VERB cblr-1746 45 18 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 45 19 23.5 23.5 NUM cblr-1746 45 20 fortunately fortunately ADV cblr-1746 45 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 45 22 portions portion NOUN cblr-1746 45 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 45 24 the the DET cblr-1746 45 25 status status NOUN cblr-1746 45 26 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 45 27 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 45 28 preferred prefer VERB cblr-1746 45 29 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 45 30 can can AUX cblr-1746 45 31 be be AUX cblr-1746 45 32 salvaged salvage VERB cblr-1746 45 33 to to PART cblr-1746 45 34 fashion fashion VERB cblr-1746 45 35 a a DET cblr-1746 45 36 more more ADV cblr-1746 45 37 complete complete ADJ cblr-1746 45 38 alternative alternative NOUN cblr-1746 45 39 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 46 1 the the DET cblr-1746 46 2 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 46 3 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 46 4 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 46 5 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 46 6 rests rest VERB cblr-1746 46 7 on on ADP cblr-1746 46 8 a a DET cblr-1746 46 9 foundation foundation NOUN cblr-1746 46 10 that that PRON cblr-1746 46 11 is be AUX cblr-1746 46 12 perhaps perhaps ADV cblr-1746 46 13 so so ADV cblr-1746 46 14 obvious obvious ADJ cblr-1746 46 15 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 46 16 to to PART cblr-1746 46 17 be be AUX cblr-1746 46 18 left leave VERB cblr-1746 46 19 unstated unstated ADJ cblr-1746 46 20 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 46 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 46 22 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 46 23 separate separate VERB cblr-1746 46 24 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 46 25 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 46 26 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 46 27 belonging belong VERB cblr-1746 46 28 to to ADP cblr-1746 46 29 class class NOUN cblr-1746 46 30 members member NOUN cblr-1746 46 31 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 46 32 from from ADP cblr-1746 46 33 management management NOUN cblr-1746 46 34 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 46 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 46 36 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 46 37 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 46 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 47 1 proceeding proceed VERB cblr-1746 47 2 from from ADP cblr-1746 47 3 that that DET cblr-1746 47 4 point point NOUN cblr-1746 47 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 47 6 stasis stasis NOUN cblr-1746 47 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 47 8 this this DET cblr-1746 47 9 article article NOUN cblr-1746 47 10 refracts refract VERB cblr-1746 47 11 the the DET cblr-1746 47 12 frame frame NOUN cblr-1746 47 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 47 14 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 47 15 by by ADP cblr-1746 47 16 one one NUM cblr-1746 47 17 degree degree NOUN cblr-1746 47 18 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 47 19 from from ADP cblr-1746 47 20 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 47 21 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 47 22 to to ADP cblr-1746 47 23 transaction transaction NOUN cblr-1746 47 24 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 47 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 48 1 turning turn VERB cblr-1746 48 2 on on ADP cblr-1746 48 3 coasean coasean ADJ cblr-1746 48 4 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 48 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 48 6 this this DET cblr-1746 48 7 article article NOUN cblr-1746 48 8 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 48 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 48 10 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 48 11 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 48 12 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 48 13 aims aim VERB cblr-1746 48 14 to to PART cblr-1746 48 15 provide provide VERB cblr-1746 48 16 guidance guidance NOUN cblr-1746 48 17 for for ADP cblr-1746 48 18 discerning discern VERB cblr-1746 48 19 between between ADP cblr-1746 48 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 48 21 action action NOUN cblr-1746 48 22 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 48 23 that that PRON cblr-1746 48 24 present present VERB cblr-1746 48 25 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 48 26 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 48 27 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 48 28 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 48 29 that that PRON cblr-1746 48 30 demand demand VERB cblr-1746 48 31 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 48 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 48 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 48 34 those those PRON cblr-1746 48 35 that that PRON cblr-1746 48 36 are be AUX cblr-1746 48 37 self self NOUN cblr-1746 48 38 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 48 39 regulating regulate VERB cblr-1746 48 40 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 48 41 otherwise otherwise ADV cblr-1746 48 42 ill ill ADV cblr-1746 48 43 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 48 44 suited suited ADJ cblr-1746 48 45 to to ADP cblr-1746 48 46 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 48 47 intervention.6 intervention.6 NOUN cblr-1746 48 48 specifically specifically ADV cblr-1746 48 49 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 48 50 the the DET cblr-1746 48 51 class class NOUN cblr-1746 48 52 action action NOUN cblr-1746 48 53 is be AUX cblr-1746 48 54 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 48 55 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 48 56 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 48 57 more more ADV cblr-1746 48 58 accurately accurately ADV cblr-1746 48 59 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 48 60 should should AUX cblr-1746 48 61 be be AUX cblr-1746 48 62 evaluated evaluate VERB cblr-1746 48 63 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 48 64 analyzed analyze VERB cblr-1746 48 65 as as ADP cblr-1746 48 66 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 48 67 a a DET cblr-1746 48 68 firm.7 firm.7 ADJ cblr-1746 48 69 like like ADP cblr-1746 48 70 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 48 71 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 48 72 4 4 NUM cblr-1746 48 73 see see VERB cblr-1746 48 74 infra infra NOUN cblr-1746 48 75 part part NOUN cblr-1746 48 76 iv iv NOUN cblr-1746 48 77 . . PROPN cblr-1746 48 78 5 5 NUM cblr-1746 48 79 see see VERB cblr-1746 48 80 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 48 81 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 49 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 49 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 49 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 50 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 50 2 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 50 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 50 4 6 6 NUM cblr-1746 51 1 this this DET cblr-1746 51 2 article article NOUN cblr-1746 51 3 concerns concern VERB cblr-1746 51 4 itself itself PRON cblr-1746 51 5 with with ADP cblr-1746 51 6 so so ADV cblr-1746 51 7 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 51 8 called call VERB cblr-1746 51 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 51 10 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 51 11 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 51 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 51 13 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 51 14 which which PRON cblr-1746 51 15 are be AUX cblr-1746 51 16 filed file VERB cblr-1746 51 17 pursuant pursuant ADV cblr-1746 51 18 to to PART cblr-1746 51 19 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 51 20 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 51 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 51 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 51 23 the the DET cblr-1746 51 24 federal federal ADJ cblr-1746 51 25 rules rule NOUN cblr-1746 51 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 51 27 civil civil ADJ cblr-1746 51 28 procedure procedure NOUN cblr-1746 51 29 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 51 30 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 51 31 involve involve VERB cblr-1746 51 32 the the DET cblr-1746 51 33 amalgamation amalgamation NOUN cblr-1746 51 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 51 35 a a DET cblr-1746 51 36 number number NOUN cblr-1746 51 37 of of ADP cblr-1746 51 38 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 51 39 with with ADP cblr-1746 51 40 relatively relatively ADV cblr-1746 51 41 low low ADJ cblr-1746 51 42 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 51 43 stakes stake NOUN cblr-1746 51 44 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 51 45 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 51 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 52 1 this this PRON cblr-1746 52 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 52 3 in in ADP cblr-1746 52 4 contrast contrast NOUN cblr-1746 52 5 to to ADP cblr-1746 52 6 injunctiverelief injunctiverelief ADJ cblr-1746 52 7 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 52 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 52 9 which which PRON cblr-1746 52 10 are be AUX cblr-1746 52 11 governed govern VERB cblr-1746 52 12 by by ADP cblr-1746 52 13 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 52 14 23(b)(2 23(b)(2 NUM cblr-1746 52 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 52 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 53 1 the the DET cblr-1746 53 2 former former ADJ cblr-1746 53 3 are be AUX cblr-1746 53 4 considered consider VERB cblr-1746 53 5 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 53 6 paradigm paradigm NOUN cblr-1746 53 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 53 8 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 53 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 53 10 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 54 1 jules jules PROPN cblr-1746 54 2 coleman coleman PROPN cblr-1746 54 3 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 54 4 charles charles PROPN cblr-1746 54 5 silver silver PROPN cblr-1746 54 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 54 7 justice justice NOUN cblr-1746 54 8 in in ADP cblr-1746 54 9 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 54 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 54 11 soc soc NOUN cblr-1746 54 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 55 1 phil phil PROPN cblr-1746 55 2 . . PROPN cblr-1746 55 3 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 55 4 pol’y pol’y PROPN cblr-1746 55 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 55 6 oct oct PROPN cblr-1746 55 7 . . PROPN cblr-1746 55 8 1986 1986 NUM cblr-1746 55 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 55 10 at at ADP cblr-1746 55 11 102 102 NUM cblr-1746 55 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 55 13 122 122 NUM cblr-1746 55 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 56 1 furthermore furthermore ADV cblr-1746 56 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 56 3 the the DET cblr-1746 56 4 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 56 5 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 56 6 advanced advance VERB cblr-1746 56 7 by by ADP cblr-1746 56 8 this this DET cblr-1746 56 9 article article NOUN cblr-1746 56 10 concerns concern VERB cblr-1746 56 11 putative putative ADJ cblr-1746 56 12 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 56 13 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 56 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 56 15 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 56 16 than than ADP cblr-1746 56 17 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 56 18 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 56 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 57 1 the the DET cblr-1746 57 2 marketmimicking marketmimicking NOUN cblr-1746 57 3 forces force NOUN cblr-1746 57 4 that that PRON cblr-1746 57 5 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 57 6 to to ADP cblr-1746 57 7 the the DET cblr-1746 57 8 former former ADJ cblr-1746 57 9 are be AUX cblr-1746 57 10 rendered render VERB cblr-1746 57 11 inapplicable inapplicable ADJ cblr-1746 57 12 in in ADP cblr-1746 57 13 the the DET cblr-1746 57 14 latter latter ADJ cblr-1746 57 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 57 16 for for ADP cblr-1746 57 17 which which PRON cblr-1746 57 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 57 19 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 57 20 has have VERB cblr-1746 57 21 minimal minimal ADJ cblr-1746 57 22 incentive incentive NOUN cblr-1746 57 23 to to PART cblr-1746 57 24 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 57 25 the the DET cblr-1746 57 26 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 57 27 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 57 28 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 57 29 benefits benefit NOUN cblr-1746 57 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 57 31 adding add VERB cblr-1746 57 32 an an DET cblr-1746 57 33 additional additional ADJ cblr-1746 57 34 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 57 35 to to ADP cblr-1746 57 36 the the DET cblr-1746 57 37 class class NOUN cblr-1746 57 38 action action NOUN cblr-1746 57 39 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 58 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 58 2 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 58 3 brian brian PROPN cblr-1746 58 4 t. t. PROPN cblr-1746 58 5 fitzpatrick fitzpatrick PROPN cblr-1746 58 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 58 7 an an DET cblr-1746 58 8 empirical empirical ADJ cblr-1746 58 9 study study NOUN cblr-1746 58 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 58 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 58 12 action action NOUN cblr-1746 58 13 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 58 14 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 58 15 their their PRON cblr-1746 58 16 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 58 17 awards award NOUN cblr-1746 58 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 58 19 7 7 NUM cblr-1746 58 20 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 58 21 emp emp PROPN cblr-1746 58 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 59 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 59 2 stud stud PROPN cblr-1746 59 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 60 1 811 811 NUM cblr-1746 60 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 60 3 2010 2010 NUM cblr-1746 60 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 60 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 61 1 7 7 NUM cblr-1746 61 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 61 3 david david PROPN cblr-1746 61 4 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 61 5 shapiro shapiro PROPN cblr-1746 61 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 61 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 61 8 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 61 9 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 61 10 the the DET cblr-1746 61 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 61 12 as as ADP cblr-1746 61 13 party party NOUN cblr-1746 61 14 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 61 15 client client NOUN cblr-1746 61 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 61 17 73 73 NUM cblr-1746 61 18 notre notre PROPN cblr-1746 61 19 dame dame PROPN cblr-1746 61 20 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 61 21 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 61 22 . . PROPN cblr-1746 61 23 913 913 NUM cblr-1746 61 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 61 25 917 917 NUM cblr-1746 61 26 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 61 27 1998 1998 NUM cblr-1746 61 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 61 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 62 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 62 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 62 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 62 4 744 744 NUM cblr-1746 62 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 62 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 62 7 law law NOUN cblr-1746 62 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 63 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 63 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 63 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 63 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 63 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 63 6 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 63 7 are be AUX cblr-1746 63 8 collective collective ADJ cblr-1746 63 9 enterprises enterprise NOUN cblr-1746 63 10 that that PRON cblr-1746 63 11 separate separate VERB cblr-1746 63 12 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 63 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 63 14 management management NOUN cblr-1746 63 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 63 16 aggregate aggregate VERB cblr-1746 63 17 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 63 18 to to PART cblr-1746 63 19 avoid avoid VERB cblr-1746 63 20 the the DET cblr-1746 63 21 higher high ADJ cblr-1746 63 22 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 63 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 63 24 transacting transact VERB cblr-1746 63 25 on on ADP cblr-1746 63 26 the the DET cblr-1746 63 27 market market NOUN cblr-1746 63 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 63 29 cede cede VERB cblr-1746 63 30 control control NOUN cblr-1746 63 31 to to ADP cblr-1746 63 32 a a DET cblr-1746 63 33 centralized centralized ADJ cblr-1746 63 34 manager manager NOUN cblr-1746 63 35 to to PART cblr-1746 63 36 realize realize VERB cblr-1746 63 37 efficiency efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 63 38 gains gain NOUN cblr-1746 63 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 63 40 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 63 41 organize organize VERB cblr-1746 63 42 around around ADP cblr-1746 63 43 a a DET cblr-1746 63 44 profit profit NOUN cblr-1746 63 45 motive motive NOUN cblr-1746 63 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 64 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 64 2 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 64 3 also also ADV cblr-1746 64 4 contain contain VERB cblr-1746 64 5 a a DET cblr-1746 64 6 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 64 7 that that PRON cblr-1746 64 8 not not PART cblr-1746 64 9 only only ADV cblr-1746 64 10 resembles resemble VERB cblr-1746 64 11 a a DET cblr-1746 64 12 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 64 13 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 64 14 also also ADV cblr-1746 64 15 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 64 16 a a DET cblr-1746 64 17 useful useful ADJ cblr-1746 64 18 architecture architecture NOUN cblr-1746 64 19 for for ADP cblr-1746 64 20 balancing balance VERB cblr-1746 64 21 tiers tier NOUN cblr-1746 64 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 64 23 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 64 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 65 1 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 65 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 65 3 like like ADP cblr-1746 65 4 a a DET cblr-1746 65 5 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 65 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 65 7 there there PRON cblr-1746 65 8 is be VERB cblr-1746 65 9 a a DET cblr-1746 65 10 natural natural ADJ cblr-1746 65 11 limit limit NOUN cblr-1746 65 12 to to ADP cblr-1746 65 13 the the DET cblr-1746 65 14 growth growth NOUN cblr-1746 65 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 65 16 a a DET cblr-1746 65 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 65 18 action action NOUN cblr-1746 65 19 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 65 20 external external ADJ cblr-1746 65 21 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 65 22 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 65 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 65 24 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 65 25 expand expand VERB cblr-1746 65 26 to to ADP cblr-1746 65 27 the the DET cblr-1746 65 28 point point NOUN cblr-1746 65 29 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 65 30 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 65 31 individually individually ADV cblr-1746 65 32 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 65 33 outside outside ADP cblr-1746 65 34 the the DET cblr-1746 65 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 65 36 would would AUX cblr-1746 65 37 be be AUX cblr-1746 65 38 less less ADV cblr-1746 65 39 costly costly ADJ cblr-1746 65 40 than than ADP cblr-1746 65 41 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 65 42 within within ADP cblr-1746 65 43 the the DET cblr-1746 65 44 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 65 45 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 65 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 65 47 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 66 1 the the DET cblr-1746 66 2 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 66 3 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 66 4 is be AUX cblr-1746 66 5 more more ADV cblr-1746 66 6 complete complete ADJ cblr-1746 66 7 than than ADP cblr-1746 66 8 the the DET cblr-1746 66 9 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 66 10 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 66 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 67 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 67 2 also also ADV cblr-1746 67 3 permits permit VERB cblr-1746 67 4 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 67 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 67 6 limited limited ADJ cblr-1746 67 7 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 67 8 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 67 9 specialized specialized ADJ cblr-1746 67 10 competencies competency NOUN cblr-1746 67 11 to to PART cblr-1746 67 12 channel channel VERB cblr-1746 67 13 their their PRON cblr-1746 67 14 efforts effort NOUN cblr-1746 67 15 in in ADP cblr-1746 67 16 welfare welfare NOUN cblr-1746 67 17 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 67 18 maximizing maximize VERB cblr-1746 67 19 ways way NOUN cblr-1746 67 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 68 1 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 68 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 68 3 the the DET cblr-1746 68 4 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 68 5 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 68 6 is be AUX cblr-1746 68 7 consonant consonant ADJ cblr-1746 68 8 with with ADP cblr-1746 68 9 the the DET cblr-1746 68 10 most most ADV cblr-1746 68 11 promising promising ADJ cblr-1746 68 12 elements element NOUN cblr-1746 68 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 68 14 the the DET cblr-1746 68 15 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 68 16 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 68 17 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 68 18 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 68 19 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 68 20 even even ADV cblr-1746 68 21 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 68 22 the the DET cblr-1746 68 23 size size NOUN cblr-1746 68 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 68 25 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 68 26 external external ADJ cblr-1746 68 27 boundary boundary NOUN cblr-1746 68 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 68 29 of of ADP cblr-1746 68 30 a a DET cblr-1746 68 31 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 68 32 is be AUX cblr-1746 68 33 often often ADV cblr-1746 68 34 self self NOUN cblr-1746 68 35 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 68 36 regulating regulate VERB cblr-1746 68 37 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 68 38 influenced influence VERB cblr-1746 68 39 by by ADP cblr-1746 68 40 market market NOUN cblr-1746 68 41 forces,8 forces,8 NOUN cblr-1746 68 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 68 43 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 68 44 are be AUX cblr-1746 68 45 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 68 46 clearly clearly ADV cblr-1746 68 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 68 48 not not PART cblr-1746 68 49 immune immune ADJ cblr-1746 68 50 to to ADP cblr-1746 68 51 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 68 52 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 68 53 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 68 54 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 68 55 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 68 56 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 69 1 these these DET cblr-1746 69 2 differing differ VERB cblr-1746 69 3 phenomena phenomenon NOUN cblr-1746 69 4 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 69 5 one one NUM cblr-1746 69 6 relating relate VERB cblr-1746 69 7 to to ADP cblr-1746 69 8 external external ADJ cblr-1746 69 9 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 69 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 69 11 the the DET cblr-1746 69 12 other other ADJ cblr-1746 69 13 to to ADP cblr-1746 69 14 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 69 15 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 69 16 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 69 17 demand demand NOUN cblr-1746 69 18 tailored tailor VERB cblr-1746 69 19 responses response NOUN cblr-1746 69 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 70 1 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 70 2 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 70 3 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 70 4 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 70 5 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 70 6 are be AUX cblr-1746 70 7 likely likely ADJ cblr-1746 70 8 to to PART cblr-1746 70 9 persist persist VERB cblr-1746 70 10 unchecked unchecked ADJ cblr-1746 70 11 by by ADP cblr-1746 70 12 self self NOUN cblr-1746 70 13 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 70 14 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 70 15 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 70 16 market market NOUN cblr-1746 70 17 mechanisms mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 70 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 70 19 the the DET cblr-1746 70 20 context context NOUN cblr-1746 70 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 70 22 a a DET cblr-1746 70 23 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 70 24 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 70 25 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 70 26 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 70 27 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 70 28 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 70 29 should should AUX cblr-1746 70 30 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 70 31 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 70 32 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 70 33 with with ADP cblr-1746 70 34 a a DET cblr-1746 70 35 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 70 36 hand hand NOUN cblr-1746 70 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 71 1 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 71 2 embrace embrace VERB cblr-1746 71 3 this this DET cblr-1746 71 4 prescription prescription NOUN cblr-1746 71 5 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 71 6 applied apply VERB cblr-1746 71 7 to to ADP cblr-1746 71 8 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 71 9 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 71 10 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 71 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 71 12 which which PRON cblr-1746 71 13 present present VERB cblr-1746 71 14 a a DET cblr-1746 71 15 clear clear ADJ cblr-1746 71 16 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 71 17 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 71 18 that that PRON cblr-1746 71 19 is be AUX cblr-1746 71 20 neither neither PRON cblr-1746 71 21 self self NOUN cblr-1746 71 22 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 71 23 regulating regulating NOUN cblr-1746 71 24 nor nor CCONJ cblr-1746 71 25 addressed address VERB cblr-1746 71 26 by by ADP cblr-1746 71 27 any any DET cblr-1746 71 28 market market NOUN cblr-1746 71 29 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 71 30 mimicking mimic VERB cblr-1746 71 31 mechanism mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 71 32 in in ADP cblr-1746 71 33 the the DET cblr-1746 71 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 71 35 action action NOUN cblr-1746 71 36 context context NOUN cblr-1746 71 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 72 1 therefore therefore ADV cblr-1746 72 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 72 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 72 4 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 72 5 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 72 6 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 72 7 to to PART cblr-1746 72 8 better well ADV cblr-1746 72 9 align align VERB cblr-1746 72 10 the the DET cblr-1746 72 11 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 72 12 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 72 13 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 72 14 relationship relationship NOUN cblr-1746 72 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 72 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 72 17 they they PRON cblr-1746 72 18 do do VERB cblr-1746 72 19 so so ADV cblr-1746 72 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 72 21 a a DET cblr-1746 72 22 manner manner NOUN cblr-1746 72 23 that that PRON cblr-1746 72 24 is be AUX cblr-1746 72 25 confidently confidently ADV cblr-1746 72 26 within within ADP cblr-1746 72 27 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 72 28 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 72 29 core core ADJ cblr-1746 72 30 institutional institutional ADJ cblr-1746 72 31 competencies competency NOUN cblr-1746 72 32 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 72 33 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 72 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 72 35 drawing draw VERB cblr-1746 72 36 on on ADP cblr-1746 72 37 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 72 38 law law NOUN cblr-1746 72 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 72 40 judges judge NOUN cblr-1746 72 41 have have VERB cblr-1746 72 42 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 72 43 experience experience NOUN cblr-1746 72 44 scrutinizing scrutinize VERB cblr-1746 72 45 the the DET cblr-1746 72 46 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 72 47 8 8 NUM cblr-1746 72 48 though though SCONJ cblr-1746 72 49 perhaps perhaps ADV cblr-1746 72 50 the the DET cblr-1746 72 51 size size NOUN cblr-1746 72 52 of of ADP cblr-1746 72 53 a a DET cblr-1746 72 54 class class NOUN cblr-1746 72 55 action action NOUN cblr-1746 72 56 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 72 57 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 72 58 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 72 59 is be AUX cblr-1746 72 60 not not PART cblr-1746 72 61 as as ADP cblr-1746 72 62 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 72 63 consciously consciously ADV cblr-1746 72 64 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 72 65 regulated regulate VERB cblr-1746 72 66 as as ADP cblr-1746 72 67 the the DET cblr-1746 72 68 size size NOUN cblr-1746 72 69 of of ADP cblr-1746 72 70 a a DET cblr-1746 72 71 classical classical ADJ cblr-1746 72 72 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 72 73 in in ADP cblr-1746 72 74 the the DET cblr-1746 72 75 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 72 76 context context NOUN cblr-1746 72 77 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 73 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 73 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 73 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 73 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 73 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 74 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 74 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 74 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 74 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 74 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 74 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 74 7 745 745 NUM cblr-1746 74 8 workings working NOUN cblr-1746 74 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 74 10 firms.9 firms.9 NOUN cblr-1746 74 11 by by ADP cblr-1746 74 12 contrast contrast NOUN cblr-1746 74 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 74 14 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 74 15 presented present VERB cblr-1746 74 16 with with ADP cblr-1746 74 17 an an DET cblr-1746 74 18 issue issue NOUN cblr-1746 74 19 concerning concern VERB cblr-1746 74 20 a a DET cblr-1746 74 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 74 22 action action NOUN cblr-1746 74 23 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 74 24 size size NOUN cblr-1746 74 25 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 74 26 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 74 27 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 74 28 external external ADJ cblr-1746 74 29 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 74 30 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 74 31 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 74 32 should should AUX cblr-1746 74 33 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 74 34 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 74 35 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 74 36 with with ADP cblr-1746 74 37 a a DET cblr-1746 74 38 light light ADJ cblr-1746 74 39 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 74 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 75 1 the the DET cblr-1746 75 2 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 75 3 attendant attendant ADJ cblr-1746 75 4 to to ADP cblr-1746 75 5 a a DET cblr-1746 75 6 class class NOUN cblr-1746 75 7 action action NOUN cblr-1746 75 8 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 75 9 size size NOUN cblr-1746 75 10 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 75 11 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 75 12 are be AUX cblr-1746 75 13 often often ADV cblr-1746 75 14 determined determine VERB cblr-1746 75 15 by by ADP cblr-1746 75 16 market market NOUN cblr-1746 75 17 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 75 18 mimicking mimic VERB cblr-1746 75 19 mechanisms mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 75 20 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 75 21 are be AUX cblr-1746 75 22 occasionally occasionally ADV cblr-1746 75 23 self self NOUN cblr-1746 75 24 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 75 25 regulating regulating NOUN cblr-1746 75 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 76 1 this this DET cblr-1746 76 2 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 76 3 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 76 4 fits fit VERB cblr-1746 76 5 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 76 6 with with ADP cblr-1746 76 7 the the DET cblr-1746 76 8 way way NOUN cblr-1746 76 9 that that PRON cblr-1746 76 10 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 76 11 treat treat VERB cblr-1746 76 12 an an DET cblr-1746 76 13 ostensibly ostensibly ADV cblr-1746 76 14 forgotten forget VERB cblr-1746 76 15 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 76 16 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 76 17 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 76 18 numerosity.10 numerosity.10 PROPN cblr-1746 76 19 however however ADV cblr-1746 76 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 76 21 the the DET cblr-1746 76 22 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 76 23 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 76 24 advises advise VERB cblr-1746 76 25 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 76 26 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 76 27 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 76 28 the the DET cblr-1746 76 29 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 76 30 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 76 31 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 76 32 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 76 33 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 76 34 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 76 35 with with ADP cblr-1746 76 36 less less ADJ cblr-1746 76 37 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 76 38 than than ADP cblr-1746 76 39 in in ADP cblr-1746 76 40 the the DET cblr-1746 76 41 status status NOUN cblr-1746 76 42 quo.11 quo.11 PRON cblr-1746 76 43 the the DET cblr-1746 76 44 article article NOUN cblr-1746 76 45 proceeds proceed VERB cblr-1746 76 46 in in ADP cblr-1746 76 47 four four NUM cblr-1746 76 48 parts part NOUN cblr-1746 76 49 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 77 1 first first ADV cblr-1746 77 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 77 3 it it PRON cblr-1746 77 4 outlines outline VERB cblr-1746 77 5 the the DET cblr-1746 77 6 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 77 7 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 77 8 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 77 9 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 77 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 77 11 tracking track VERB cblr-1746 77 12 its its PRON cblr-1746 77 13 rise rise NOUN cblr-1746 77 14 from from ADP cblr-1746 77 15 scholarship scholarship NOUN cblr-1746 77 16 to to ADP cblr-1746 77 17 the the DET cblr-1746 77 18 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 77 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 78 1 second second ADJ cblr-1746 78 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 78 3 the the DET cblr-1746 78 4 article article NOUN cblr-1746 78 5 advances advance VERB cblr-1746 78 6 the the DET cblr-1746 78 7 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 78 8 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 78 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 79 1 third third ADJ cblr-1746 79 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 79 3 it it PRON cblr-1746 79 4 canvasses canvass VERB cblr-1746 79 5 a a DET cblr-1746 79 6 sampling sampling NOUN cblr-1746 79 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 79 8 the the DET cblr-1746 79 9 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 79 10 entailments entailment NOUN cblr-1746 79 11 that that PRON cblr-1746 79 12 follow follow VERB cblr-1746 79 13 from from ADP cblr-1746 79 14 the the DET cblr-1746 79 15 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 79 16 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 79 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 79 18 highlighting highlight VERB cblr-1746 79 19 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 79 20 these these DET cblr-1746 79 21 prescriptions prescription NOUN cblr-1746 79 22 break break VERB cblr-1746 79 23 with with ADP cblr-1746 79 24 the the DET cblr-1746 79 25 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 79 26 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 79 27 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 79 28 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 79 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 80 1 finally finally ADV cblr-1746 80 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 80 3 the the DET cblr-1746 80 4 article article NOUN cblr-1746 80 5 concludes conclude VERB cblr-1746 80 6 with with ADP cblr-1746 80 7 a a DET cblr-1746 80 8 stylized stylize VERB cblr-1746 80 9 model model NOUN cblr-1746 80 10 illustrating illustrate VERB cblr-1746 80 11 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 80 12 the the DET cblr-1746 80 13 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 80 14 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 80 15 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 80 16 prescriptions prescription NOUN cblr-1746 80 17 might might AUX cblr-1746 80 18 be be AUX cblr-1746 80 19 used use VERB cblr-1746 80 20 to to PART cblr-1746 80 21 ensure ensure VERB cblr-1746 80 22 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 80 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 80 24 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 80 25 selfregulates selfregulate VERB cblr-1746 80 26 via via ADP cblr-1746 80 27 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 80 28 internalization internalization NOUN cblr-1746 80 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 81 1 ii ii PROPN cblr-1746 81 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 82 1 the the DET cblr-1746 82 2 dominance dominance NOUN cblr-1746 82 3 of of ADP cblr-1746 82 4 the the DET cblr-1746 82 5 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 82 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 82 7 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 82 8 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 82 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 82 10 action action NOUN cblr-1746 82 11 scholarship scholarship NOUN cblr-1746 82 12 overwhelmingly overwhelmingly ADV cblr-1746 82 13 presents present VERB cblr-1746 82 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 82 15 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 82 16 as as ADP cblr-1746 82 17 the the DET cblr-1746 82 18 classical classical ADJ cblr-1746 82 19 example example NOUN cblr-1746 82 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 82 21 a a DET cblr-1746 82 22 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 82 23 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 82 24 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 82 25 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 82 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 83 1 9 9 NUM cblr-1746 83 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 83 3 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 83 4 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 83 5 brent brent PROPN cblr-1746 83 6 a. a. PROPN cblr-1746 83 7 olson olson PROPN cblr-1746 83 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 83 9 publicly publicly ADV cblr-1746 83 10 traded trade VERB cblr-1746 83 11 corporations corporation NOUN cblr-1746 83 12 handbook handbook VERB cblr-1746 83 13 § § PROPN cblr-1746 83 14 3:15 3:15 NUM cblr-1746 83 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 83 16 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 83 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 83 18 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 83 19 stephen stephen PROPN cblr-1746 83 20 g. g. PROPN cblr-1746 83 21 christianson christianson PROPN cblr-1746 83 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 83 23 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 83 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 83 25 a a DET cblr-1746 83 26 director director NOUN cblr-1746 83 27 to to ADP cblr-1746 83 28 a a DET cblr-1746 83 29 corporation corporation NOUN cblr-1746 83 30 for for ADP cblr-1746 83 31 mismanagement mismanagement NOUN cblr-1746 83 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 83 33 in in ADP cblr-1746 83 34 29 29 NUM cblr-1746 83 35 am am NOUN cblr-1746 83 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 84 1 jur jur PROPN cblr-1746 84 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 85 1 proof proof NOUN cblr-1746 85 2 of of ADP cblr-1746 85 3 facts fact NOUN cblr-1746 85 4 3d 3d PROPN cblr-1746 85 5 133 133 NUM cblr-1746 85 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 85 7 § § PROPN cblr-1746 85 8 9 9 NUM cblr-1746 85 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 85 10 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 85 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 85 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 86 1 10 10 NUM cblr-1746 86 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 86 3 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 86 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 87 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 87 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 87 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 88 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 88 2 23(a)(1 23(a)(1 NUM cblr-1746 88 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 89 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 89 2 stating state VERB cblr-1746 89 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 89 4 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 89 5 [ [ X cblr-1746 89 6 o]ne o]ne ADJ cblr-1746 89 7 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 89 8 more more ADJ cblr-1746 89 9 members member NOUN cblr-1746 89 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 89 11 a a DET cblr-1746 89 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 89 13 may may AUX cblr-1746 89 14 sue sue VERB cblr-1746 89 15 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 89 16 be be AUX cblr-1746 89 17 sued sue VERB cblr-1746 89 18 as as ADP cblr-1746 89 19 representative representative ADJ cblr-1746 89 20 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 89 21 on on ADP cblr-1746 89 22 behalf behalf NOUN cblr-1746 89 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 89 24 all all DET cblr-1746 89 25 members member NOUN cblr-1746 89 26 only only ADV cblr-1746 89 27 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 89 28 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 89 29 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 89 30 1 1 X cblr-1746 89 31 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 89 32 the the DET cblr-1746 89 33 class class NOUN cblr-1746 89 34 is be AUX cblr-1746 89 35 so so ADV cblr-1746 89 36 numerous numerous ADJ cblr-1746 89 37 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 89 38 joinder joinder NOUN cblr-1746 89 39 of of ADP cblr-1746 89 40 all all DET cblr-1746 89 41 members member NOUN cblr-1746 89 42 is be AUX cblr-1746 89 43 impracticable impracticable ADJ cblr-1746 89 44 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 89 45 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 89 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 90 1 11 11 NUM cblr-1746 90 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 90 3 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 90 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 91 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 91 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 91 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 92 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 92 2 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NUM cblr-1746 92 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 92 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 92 5 stating state VERB cblr-1746 92 6 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 92 7 a a DET cblr-1746 92 8 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 92 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 92 10 action action NOUN cblr-1746 92 11 may may AUX cblr-1746 92 12 be be AUX cblr-1746 92 13 maintained maintain VERB cblr-1746 92 14 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 92 15 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 92 16 23(a 23(a NUM cblr-1746 92 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 92 18 is be AUX cblr-1746 92 19 satisfied satisfied ADJ cblr-1746 92 20 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 92 21 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 92 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 92 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 92 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 93 1 the the DET cblr-1746 93 2 court court NOUN cblr-1746 93 3 finds find VERB cblr-1746 93 4 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 93 5 the the DET cblr-1746 93 6 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 93 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 93 8 law law NOUN cblr-1746 93 9 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 93 10 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 93 11 common common ADJ cblr-1746 93 12 to to ADP cblr-1746 93 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 93 14 members member NOUN cblr-1746 93 15 predominate predominate ADJ cblr-1746 93 16 over over ADP cblr-1746 93 17 any any DET cblr-1746 93 18 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 93 19 affecting affect VERB cblr-1746 93 20 only only ADJ cblr-1746 93 21 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 93 22 members member NOUN cblr-1746 93 23 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 93 24 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 93 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 94 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 94 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 94 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 94 4 746 746 NUM cblr-1746 94 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 94 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 94 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 94 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 95 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 95 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 95 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 95 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 95 5 this this DET cblr-1746 95 6 literature literature NOUN cblr-1746 95 7 base base NOUN cblr-1746 95 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 95 9 which which PRON cblr-1746 95 10 finds find VERB cblr-1746 95 11 its its PRON cblr-1746 95 12 origins origin NOUN cblr-1746 95 13 in in ADP cblr-1746 95 14 the the DET cblr-1746 95 15 canonical canonical ADJ cblr-1746 95 16 work work NOUN cblr-1746 95 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 95 18 professor professor PROPN cblr-1746 95 19 john john PROPN cblr-1746 95 20 c. c. PROPN cblr-1746 95 21 coffee coffee PROPN cblr-1746 95 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 95 23 jr jr PROPN cblr-1746 95 24 . . PROPN cblr-1746 95 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 95 26 has have AUX cblr-1746 95 27 undeniably undeniably ADV cblr-1746 95 28 influenced influence VERB cblr-1746 95 29 the the DET cblr-1746 95 30 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 95 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 96 1 much much ADJ cblr-1746 96 2 of of ADP cblr-1746 96 3 the the DET cblr-1746 96 4 federal federal ADJ cblr-1746 96 5 judiciary judiciary NOUN cblr-1746 96 6 relies rely VERB cblr-1746 96 7 on on ADP cblr-1746 96 8 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 96 9 often often ADV cblr-1746 96 10 explicitly explicitly ADV cblr-1746 96 11 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 96 12 the the DET cblr-1746 96 13 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 96 14 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 96 15 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 96 16 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 96 17 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 96 18 applying apply VERB cblr-1746 96 19 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 96 20 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 96 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 97 1 a. a. NOUN cblr-1746 97 2 class class PROPN cblr-1746 97 3 action action NOUN cblr-1746 97 4 literature literature NOUN cblr-1746 97 5 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 97 6 the the DET cblr-1746 97 7 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 97 8 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 97 9 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 97 10 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 97 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 97 12 1912 1912 NUM cblr-1746 97 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 97 14 the the DET cblr-1746 97 15 judiciary judiciary NOUN cblr-1746 97 16 adopted adopt VERB cblr-1746 97 17 equity equity NOUN cblr-1746 97 18 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 97 19 38 38 NUM cblr-1746 97 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 97 21 which which PRON cblr-1746 97 22 permitted permit VERB cblr-1746 97 23 an an DET cblr-1746 97 24 early early ADJ cblr-1746 97 25 form form NOUN cblr-1746 97 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 97 27 aggregate aggregate ADJ cblr-1746 97 28 litigation.12 litigation.12 NOUN cblr-1746 97 29 this this DET cblr-1746 97 30 legal legal ADJ cblr-1746 97 31 device device NOUN cblr-1746 97 32 was be AUX cblr-1746 97 33 formalized formalize VERB cblr-1746 97 34 in in ADP cblr-1746 97 35 1937 1937 NUM cblr-1746 97 36 with with ADP cblr-1746 97 37 the the DET cblr-1746 97 38 first first ADJ cblr-1746 97 39 embodiment embodiment NOUN cblr-1746 97 40 of of ADP cblr-1746 97 41 what what PRON cblr-1746 97 42 is be AUX cblr-1746 97 43 now now ADV cblr-1746 97 44 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 97 45 23.13 23.13 NUM cblr-1746 97 46 the the DET cblr-1746 97 47 original original ADJ cblr-1746 97 48 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 97 49 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 97 50 appears appear VERB cblr-1746 97 51 more more ADV cblr-1746 97 52 concerned concerned ADJ cblr-1746 97 53 with with ADP cblr-1746 97 54 conserving conserve VERB cblr-1746 97 55 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 97 56 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 97 57 than than ADP cblr-1746 97 58 vindicating vindicate VERB cblr-1746 97 59 litigants litigant NOUN cblr-1746 97 60 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 97 61 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 97 62 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 97 63 it it PRON cblr-1746 97 64 divided divide VERB cblr-1746 97 65 class class NOUN cblr-1746 97 66 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 97 67 into into ADP cblr-1746 97 68 three three NUM cblr-1746 97 69 categories category NOUN cblr-1746 97 70 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 97 71 at at ADP cblr-1746 97 72 least least ADJ cblr-1746 97 73 two two NUM cblr-1746 97 74 of of ADP cblr-1746 97 75 which which PRON cblr-1746 97 76 would would AUX cblr-1746 97 77 have have AUX cblr-1746 97 78 done do VERB cblr-1746 97 79 little little ADJ cblr-1746 97 80 to to PART cblr-1746 97 81 aid aid VERB cblr-1746 97 82 a a DET cblr-1746 97 83 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 97 84 whose whose DET cblr-1746 97 85 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 97 86 was be AUX cblr-1746 97 87 too too ADV cblr-1746 97 88 small small ADJ cblr-1746 97 89 to to PART cblr-1746 97 90 warrant warrant VERB cblr-1746 97 91 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 97 92 action.14 action.14 NOUN cblr-1746 97 93 the the DET cblr-1746 97 94 1966 1966 NUM cblr-1746 97 95 amendment amendment NOUN cblr-1746 97 96 to to PART cblr-1746 97 97 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 97 98 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 97 99 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 97 100 its its PRON cblr-1746 97 101 12 12 NUM cblr-1746 97 102 rules rule NOUN cblr-1746 97 103 of of ADP cblr-1746 97 104 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 97 105 for for ADP cblr-1746 97 106 the the DET cblr-1746 97 107 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 97 108 of of ADP cblr-1746 97 109 equity equity NOUN cblr-1746 97 110 of of ADP cblr-1746 97 111 the the DET cblr-1746 97 112 united united PROPN cblr-1746 97 113 states states PROPN cblr-1746 97 114 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 97 115 226 226 NUM cblr-1746 97 116 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 97 117 . . PROPN cblr-1746 97 118 629 629 NUM cblr-1746 97 119 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 97 120 659 659 NUM cblr-1746 97 121 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 97 122 1912 1912 NUM cblr-1746 97 123 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 97 124 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 97 125 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 97 126 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 97 127 the the DET cblr-1746 97 128 question question NOUN cblr-1746 97 129 is be AUX cblr-1746 97 130 one one NUM cblr-1746 97 131 of of ADP cblr-1746 97 132 common common ADJ cblr-1746 97 133 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 97 134 general general ADJ cblr-1746 97 135 interest interest NOUN cblr-1746 97 136 to to ADP cblr-1746 97 137 many many ADJ cblr-1746 97 138 persons person NOUN cblr-1746 97 139 constituting constitute VERB cblr-1746 97 140 a a DET cblr-1746 97 141 class class NOUN cblr-1746 97 142 so so ADV cblr-1746 97 143 numerous numerous ADJ cblr-1746 97 144 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 97 145 to to PART cblr-1746 97 146 make make VERB cblr-1746 97 147 it it PRON cblr-1746 97 148 impracticable impracticable ADJ cblr-1746 97 149 to to PART cblr-1746 97 150 bring bring VERB cblr-1746 97 151 them they PRON cblr-1746 97 152 all all PRON cblr-1746 97 153 before before ADP cblr-1746 97 154 the the DET cblr-1746 97 155 court court NOUN cblr-1746 97 156 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 97 157 one one NUM cblr-1746 97 158 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 97 159 more more ADJ cblr-1746 97 160 may may AUX cblr-1746 97 161 sue sue VERB cblr-1746 97 162 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 97 163 defend defend VERB cblr-1746 97 164 for for ADP cblr-1746 97 165 the the DET cblr-1746 97 166 whole whole NOUN cblr-1746 97 167 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 97 168 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 97 169 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 97 170 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 98 1 13 13 NUM cblr-1746 98 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 98 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 99 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 99 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 99 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 100 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 100 2 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 101 1 advisory advisory ADJ cblr-1746 101 2 committee committee NOUN cblr-1746 101 3 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 101 4 note note NOUN cblr-1746 101 5 to to ADP cblr-1746 101 6 1937 1937 NUM cblr-1746 101 7 adoption adoption NOUN cblr-1746 101 8 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 101 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 101 10 it it PRON cblr-1746 101 11 applies apply VERB cblr-1746 101 12 to to ADP cblr-1746 101 13 all all DET cblr-1746 101 14 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 101 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 101 16 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 101 17 formerly formerly ADV cblr-1746 101 18 denominated denominate VERB cblr-1746 101 19 legal legal ADJ cblr-1746 101 20 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 101 21 equitable equitable ADJ cblr-1746 101 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 101 23 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 101 24 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 101 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 102 1 14 14 NUM cblr-1746 102 2 as as ADV cblr-1746 102 3 originally originally ADV cblr-1746 102 4 formulated formulate VERB cblr-1746 102 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 102 6 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 102 7 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 102 8 divided divided ADJ cblr-1746 102 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 102 10 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 102 11 into into ADP cblr-1746 102 12 three three NUM cblr-1746 102 13 categories category NOUN cblr-1746 102 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 103 1 these these DET cblr-1746 103 2 categories category NOUN cblr-1746 103 3 were be AUX cblr-1746 103 4 sorted sort VERB cblr-1746 103 5 depending depend VERB cblr-1746 103 6 on on ADP cblr-1746 103 7 the the DET cblr-1746 103 8 character character NOUN cblr-1746 103 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 103 10 the the DET cblr-1746 103 11 relief relief NOUN cblr-1746 103 12 sought seek VERB cblr-1746 103 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 104 1 first first ADV cblr-1746 104 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 104 3 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 104 4 23(a)(1 23(a)(1 NUM cblr-1746 104 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 104 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 104 7 known know VERB cblr-1746 104 8 as as ADP cblr-1746 104 9 the the DET cblr-1746 104 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 104 11 true true ADJ cblr-1746 104 12 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 104 13 category category NOUN cblr-1746 104 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 104 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 104 16 action action NOUN cblr-1746 104 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 104 18 was be AUX cblr-1746 104 19 available available ADJ cblr-1746 104 20 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 104 21 the the DET cblr-1746 104 22 right right NOUN cblr-1746 104 23 to to PART cblr-1746 104 24 be be AUX cblr-1746 104 25 enforced enforce VERB cblr-1746 104 26 was be AUX cblr-1746 104 27 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 104 28 joint joint ADJ cblr-1746 104 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 104 30 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 104 31 a a DET cblr-1746 104 32 term term NOUN cblr-1746 104 33 without without ADP cblr-1746 104 34 much much ADJ cblr-1746 104 35 meaning meaning NOUN cblr-1746 104 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 105 1 one one NUM cblr-1746 105 2 commentary commentary NOUN cblr-1746 105 3 has have AUX cblr-1746 105 4 noted note VERB cblr-1746 105 5 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 105 6 the the DET cblr-1746 105 7 prototypical prototypical ADJ cblr-1746 105 8 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 105 9 true true ADJ cblr-1746 105 10 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 105 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 105 12 action action NOUN cblr-1746 105 13 at at ADP cblr-1746 105 14 the the DET cblr-1746 105 15 time time NOUN cblr-1746 105 16 was be AUX cblr-1746 105 17 one one NUM cblr-1746 105 18 wherein wherein SCONJ cblr-1746 105 19 the the DET cblr-1746 105 20 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 105 21 sought seek VERB cblr-1746 105 22 common common ADJ cblr-1746 105 23 injunctive injunctive ADJ cblr-1746 105 24 relief relief NOUN cblr-1746 105 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 106 1 7a 7a NUM cblr-1746 106 2 charles charles PROPN cblr-1746 106 3 alan alan PROPN cblr-1746 106 4 wright wright PROPN cblr-1746 106 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 106 6 arthur arthur PROPN cblr-1746 106 7 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 106 8 miller miller PROPN cblr-1746 106 9 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 106 10 mary mary PROPN cblr-1746 106 11 kay kay PROPN cblr-1746 106 12 kane kane PROPN cblr-1746 106 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 106 14 federal federal ADJ cblr-1746 106 15 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 106 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 106 17 procedure procedure NOUN cblr-1746 106 18 § § PROPN cblr-1746 106 19 1752 1752 NUM cblr-1746 106 20 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 106 21 3d 3d PROPN cblr-1746 106 22 ed ed NOUN cblr-1746 106 23 . . PROPN cblr-1746 106 24 2005 2005 NUM cblr-1746 106 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 106 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 107 1 second second ADV cblr-1746 107 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 107 3 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 107 4 23(a)(2 23(a)(2 NOUN cblr-1746 107 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 107 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 107 7 known know VERB cblr-1746 107 8 as as ADP cblr-1746 107 9 the the DET cblr-1746 107 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 107 11 hybrid hybrid NOUN cblr-1746 107 12 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 107 13 category category NOUN cblr-1746 107 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 107 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 107 16 action action NOUN cblr-1746 107 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 107 18 was be AUX cblr-1746 107 19 available available ADJ cblr-1746 107 20 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 107 21 the the DET cblr-1746 107 22 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 107 23 object object NOUN cblr-1746 107 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 107 25 the the DET cblr-1746 107 26 action action NOUN cblr-1746 107 27 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 107 28 is be AUX cblr-1746 107 29 relief relief NOUN cblr-1746 107 30 implicating implicate VERB cblr-1746 107 31 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 107 32 specific specific ADJ cblr-1746 107 33 property property NOUN cblr-1746 107 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 107 35 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 108 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 108 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 108 3 one one NUM cblr-1746 108 4 court court NOUN cblr-1746 108 5 explained explain VERB cblr-1746 108 6 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 108 7 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 108 8 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 108 9 the the DET cblr-1746 108 10 rights right NOUN cblr-1746 108 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 108 12 the the DET cblr-1746 108 13 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 108 14 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 108 15 are be AUX cblr-1746 108 16 separate separate ADJ cblr-1746 108 17 causes cause NOUN cblr-1746 108 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 108 19 action action NOUN cblr-1746 108 20 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 108 21 they they PRON cblr-1746 108 22 have have VERB cblr-1746 108 23 no no DET cblr-1746 108 24 right right NOUN cblr-1746 108 25 to to ADP cblr-1746 108 26 a a DET cblr-1746 108 27 common common ADJ cblr-1746 108 28 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 108 29 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 108 30 to to ADP cblr-1746 108 31 common common ADJ cblr-1746 108 32 property property NOUN cblr-1746 108 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 108 34 the the DET cblr-1746 108 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 108 36 action action NOUN cblr-1746 108 37 at at ADP cblr-1746 108 38 bar bar NOUN cblr-1746 108 39 is be AUX cblr-1746 108 40 a a DET cblr-1746 108 41 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 108 42 spurious spurious ADJ cblr-1746 108 43 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 108 44 one one NUM cblr-1746 108 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 109 1 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 109 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 109 3 upon upon SCONJ cblr-1746 109 4 the the DET cblr-1746 109 5 other other ADJ cblr-1746 109 6 hand hand NOUN cblr-1746 109 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 109 8 the the DET cblr-1746 109 9 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 109 10 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 109 11 having have VERB cblr-1746 109 12 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 109 13 causes cause NOUN cblr-1746 109 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 109 15 action action NOUN cblr-1746 109 16 have have VERB cblr-1746 109 17 also also ADV cblr-1746 109 18 a a DET cblr-1746 109 19 right right NOUN cblr-1746 109 20 to to ADP cblr-1746 109 21 a a DET cblr-1746 109 22 common common ADJ cblr-1746 109 23 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 109 24 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 109 25 in in ADP cblr-1746 109 26 common common ADJ cblr-1746 109 27 property property NOUN cblr-1746 109 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 109 29 the the DET cblr-1746 109 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 109 31 action action NOUN cblr-1746 109 32 may may AUX cblr-1746 109 33 be be AUX cblr-1746 109 34 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 109 35 hybrid hybrid ADJ cblr-1746 109 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 109 37 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 109 38 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 109 39 penn penn PROPN cblr-1746 109 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 109 41 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 109 42 for for ADP cblr-1746 109 43 ins in NOUN cblr-1746 109 44 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 110 1 on on ADP cblr-1746 110 2 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 110 3 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 110 4 final final ADJ cblr-1746 110 5 no no NOUN cblr-1746 110 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 111 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 111 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 111 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 111 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 111 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 111 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 111 7 747 747 NUM cblr-1746 111 8 focus focus VERB cblr-1746 111 9 on on ADP cblr-1746 111 10 small small ADJ cblr-1746 111 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 111 12 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 111 13 plaintiffs15 plaintiffs15 NOUN cblr-1746 111 14 was be AUX cblr-1746 111 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 111 16 therefore therefore ADV cblr-1746 111 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 111 18 heralded herald VERB cblr-1746 111 19 as as ADP cblr-1746 111 20 a a DET cblr-1746 111 21 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 111 22 drastic drastic ADJ cblr-1746 111 23 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 111 24 shift.16 shift.16 NOUN cblr-1746 111 25 this this DET cblr-1746 111 26 litigant litigant ADJ cblr-1746 111 27 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 111 28 centric centric ADJ cblr-1746 111 29 change change NOUN cblr-1746 111 30 notwithstanding notwithstanding ADV cblr-1746 111 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 111 32 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 111 33 proceeded proceed VERB cblr-1746 111 34 without without ADP cblr-1746 111 35 a a DET cblr-1746 111 36 unified unified ADJ cblr-1746 111 37 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 111 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 111 39 identifying identify VERB cblr-1746 111 40 at at ADV cblr-1746 111 41 least least ADV cblr-1746 111 42 three three NUM cblr-1746 111 43 distinct distinct ADJ cblr-1746 111 44 guiding guiding NOUN cblr-1746 111 45 principles principle NOUN cblr-1746 111 46 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 111 47 remedial remedial ADJ cblr-1746 111 48 justice;17 justice;17 ADJ cblr-1746 111 49 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 111 50 efficiency;18 efficiency;18 PROPN cblr-1746 111 51 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 111 52 resource resource NOUN cblr-1746 111 53 conservation.19 conservation.19 NOUN cblr-1746 111 54 lives live VERB cblr-1746 111 55 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 111 56 granting grant VERB cblr-1746 111 57 annuities annuity NOUN cblr-1746 111 58 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 111 59 deckert deckert NOUN cblr-1746 111 60 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 111 61 123 123 NUM cblr-1746 111 62 f.2d f.2d ADP cblr-1746 111 63 979 979 NUM cblr-1746 111 64 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 111 65 983 983 NUM cblr-1746 111 66 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 111 67 3d 3d NUM cblr-1746 111 68 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 111 69 . . PROPN cblr-1746 111 70 1941 1941 NUM cblr-1746 111 71 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 111 72 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 112 1 third third ADV cblr-1746 112 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 112 3 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 112 4 23(a)(3 23(a)(3 NUM cblr-1746 112 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 112 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 112 7 known know VERB cblr-1746 112 8 as as ADP cblr-1746 112 9 the the DET cblr-1746 112 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 112 11 spurious spurious ADJ cblr-1746 112 12 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 112 13 category category NOUN cblr-1746 112 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 112 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 112 16 action action NOUN cblr-1746 112 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 112 18 was be AUX cblr-1746 112 19 available available ADJ cblr-1746 112 20 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 112 21 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 112 22 there there PRON cblr-1746 112 23 is be VERB cblr-1746 112 24 a a DET cblr-1746 112 25 common common ADJ cblr-1746 112 26 question question NOUN cblr-1746 112 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 112 28 law law NOUN cblr-1746 112 29 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 112 30 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 112 31 affecting affect VERB cblr-1746 112 32 the the DET cblr-1746 112 33 several several ADJ cblr-1746 112 34 rights right NOUN cblr-1746 112 35 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 112 36 a a DET cblr-1746 112 37 common common ADJ cblr-1746 112 38 relief relief NOUN cblr-1746 112 39 is be AUX cblr-1746 112 40 sought seek VERB cblr-1746 112 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 112 42 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 113 1 7a 7a NUM cblr-1746 113 2 wright wright PROPN cblr-1746 113 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 113 4 miller miller PROPN cblr-1746 113 5 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 113 6 kane kane PROPN cblr-1746 113 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 113 8 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 113 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 113 10 § § PROPN cblr-1746 113 11 1752 1752 NUM cblr-1746 113 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 114 1 this this DET cblr-1746 114 2 last last ADJ cblr-1746 114 3 category category NOUN cblr-1746 114 4 is be AUX cblr-1746 114 5 the the DET cblr-1746 114 6 most most ADV cblr-1746 114 7 closely closely ADV cblr-1746 114 8 related relate VERB cblr-1746 114 9 category category NOUN cblr-1746 114 10 to to ADP cblr-1746 114 11 modern modern ADJ cblr-1746 114 12 conceptions conception NOUN cblr-1746 114 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 114 14 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 114 15 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 114 16 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 114 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 115 1 importantly importantly ADV cblr-1746 115 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 115 3 it it PRON cblr-1746 115 4 was be AUX cblr-1746 115 5 said say VERB cblr-1746 115 6 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 115 7 this this DET cblr-1746 115 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 115 9 action action NOUN cblr-1746 115 10 category category NOUN cblr-1746 115 11 was be AUX cblr-1746 115 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 115 13 allowed allow VERB cblr-1746 115 14 as as ADP cblr-1746 115 15 a a DET cblr-1746 115 16 matter matter NOUN cblr-1746 115 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 115 18 efficiency efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 115 19 to to PART cblr-1746 115 20 avoid avoid VERB cblr-1746 115 21 multiplicity multiplicity NOUN cblr-1746 115 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 115 23 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 115 24 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 115 25 the the DET cblr-1746 115 26 joinder joinder NOUN cblr-1746 115 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 115 28 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 115 29 in in ADP cblr-1746 115 30 these these DET cblr-1746 115 31 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 115 32 was be AUX cblr-1746 115 33 subject subject ADJ cblr-1746 115 34 to to ADP cblr-1746 115 35 the the DET cblr-1746 115 36 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 115 37 of of ADP cblr-1746 115 38 the the DET cblr-1746 115 39 court court NOUN cblr-1746 115 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 115 41 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 116 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 116 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 116 3 § § PROPN cblr-1746 116 4 1752 1752 NUM cblr-1746 116 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 116 6 citing cite VERB cblr-1746 116 7 knowles knowles PROPN cblr-1746 116 8 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 116 9 war war PROPN cblr-1746 116 10 damage damage PROPN cblr-1746 116 11 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 116 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 116 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 116 14 171 171 NUM cblr-1746 116 15 f.2d f.2d SYM cblr-1746 116 16 15 15 NUM cblr-1746 116 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 116 18 d.c d.c PROPN cblr-1746 116 19 . . PROPN cblr-1746 116 20 cir cir PROPN cblr-1746 116 21 . . PROPN cblr-1746 116 22 1948 1948 NUM cblr-1746 116 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 116 24 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 116 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 117 1 clearly clearly ADV cblr-1746 117 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 117 3 a a DET cblr-1746 117 4 unifying unifying ADJ cblr-1746 117 5 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 117 6 for for ADP cblr-1746 117 7 the the DET cblr-1746 117 8 original original ADJ cblr-1746 117 9 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 117 10 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 117 11 was be AUX cblr-1746 117 12 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 117 13 economy economy NOUN cblr-1746 117 14 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 117 15 neither neither CCONJ cblr-1746 117 16 true true ADJ cblr-1746 117 17 nor nor CCONJ cblr-1746 117 18 hybrid hybrid ADJ cblr-1746 117 19 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 117 20 would would AUX cblr-1746 117 21 aid aid VERB cblr-1746 117 22 the the DET cblr-1746 117 23 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 117 24 whose whose DET cblr-1746 117 25 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 117 26 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 117 27 was be AUX cblr-1746 117 28 too too ADV cblr-1746 117 29 small small ADJ cblr-1746 117 30 to to PART cblr-1746 117 31 pursue pursue VERB cblr-1746 117 32 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 117 33 action action NOUN cblr-1746 117 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 118 1 15 15 NUM cblr-1746 118 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 118 3 amchem amchem NOUN cblr-1746 118 4 prods prod VERB cblr-1746 118 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 118 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 118 7 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 118 8 . . PROPN cblr-1746 118 9 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 118 10 windsor windsor PROPN cblr-1746 118 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 118 12 521 521 NUM cblr-1746 118 13 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 118 14 . . PROPN cblr-1746 118 15 591 591 NUM cblr-1746 118 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 118 17 617 617 NUM cblr-1746 118 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 118 19 1997 1997 NUM cblr-1746 118 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 118 21 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 118 22 noting note VERB cblr-1746 118 23 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 118 24 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 118 25 the the DET cblr-1746 118 26 advisory advisory ADJ cblr-1746 118 27 committee committee NOUN cblr-1746 118 28 had have VERB cblr-1746 118 29 dominantly dominantly ADV cblr-1746 118 30 in in ADP cblr-1746 118 31 mind mind NOUN cblr-1746 118 32 vindication vindication NOUN cblr-1746 118 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 118 34 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 118 35 the the DET cblr-1746 118 36 rights right NOUN cblr-1746 118 37 of of ADP cblr-1746 118 38 groups group NOUN cblr-1746 118 39 of of ADP cblr-1746 118 40 people people NOUN cblr-1746 118 41 who who PRON cblr-1746 118 42 individually individually ADV cblr-1746 118 43 would would AUX cblr-1746 118 44 be be AUX cblr-1746 118 45 without without ADP cblr-1746 118 46 effective effective ADJ cblr-1746 118 47 strength strength NOUN cblr-1746 118 48 to to PART cblr-1746 118 49 bring bring VERB cblr-1746 118 50 their their PRON cblr-1746 118 51 opponents opponent NOUN cblr-1746 118 52 into into ADP cblr-1746 118 53 court court NOUN cblr-1746 118 54 at at ADV cblr-1746 118 55 all all ADV cblr-1746 118 56 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 118 57 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 118 58 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 118 59 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 119 1 16 16 NUM cblr-1746 119 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 119 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 120 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 120 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 120 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 121 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 121 2 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 122 1 advisory advisory ADJ cblr-1746 122 2 committee committee NOUN cblr-1746 122 3 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 122 4 note note NOUN cblr-1746 122 5 to to ADP cblr-1746 122 6 1966 1966 NUM cblr-1746 122 7 amendment amendment NOUN cblr-1746 122 8 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 122 9 7a 7a NUM cblr-1746 122 10 charles charles PROPN cblr-1746 122 11 alan alan PROPN cblr-1746 122 12 wright wright PROPN cblr-1746 122 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 122 14 arthur arthur PROPN cblr-1746 122 15 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 122 16 miller miller PROPN cblr-1746 122 17 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 122 18 mary mary PROPN cblr-1746 122 19 kay kay PROPN cblr-1746 122 20 kane kane PROPN cblr-1746 122 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 122 22 federal federal ADJ cblr-1746 122 23 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 122 24 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 122 25 procedure procedure NOUN cblr-1746 122 26 § § PROPN cblr-1746 122 27 1753 1753 NUM cblr-1746 122 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 122 29 3d 3d PROPN cblr-1746 122 30 ed ed NOUN cblr-1746 122 31 . . PROPN cblr-1746 122 32 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 122 33 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 122 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 123 1 17 17 NUM cblr-1746 123 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 123 3 deposit deposit NOUN cblr-1746 123 4 guar guar NOUN cblr-1746 123 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 124 1 nat’l nat’l PROPN cblr-1746 124 2 bank bank PROPN cblr-1746 124 3 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 124 4 roper roper PROPN cblr-1746 124 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 124 6 445 445 NUM cblr-1746 124 7 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 124 8 . . PROPN cblr-1746 124 9 326 326 NUM cblr-1746 124 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 124 11 339 339 NUM cblr-1746 124 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 124 13 1980 1980 NUM cblr-1746 124 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 124 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 124 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 124 17 the the DET cblr-1746 124 18 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 124 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 124 20 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 124 21 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 124 22 in in ADP cblr-1746 124 23 the the DET cblr-1746 124 24 context context NOUN cblr-1746 124 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 124 26 a a DET cblr-1746 124 27 classwide classwide ADJ cblr-1746 124 28 suit suit NOUN cblr-1746 124 29 is be AUX cblr-1746 124 30 an an DET cblr-1746 124 31 evolutionary evolutionary ADJ cblr-1746 124 32 response response NOUN cblr-1746 124 33 to to ADP cblr-1746 124 34 the the DET cblr-1746 124 35 existence existence NOUN cblr-1746 124 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 124 37 injuries injury NOUN cblr-1746 124 38 unremedied unremedie VERB cblr-1746 124 39 by by ADP cblr-1746 124 40 the the DET cblr-1746 124 41 regulatory regulatory ADJ cblr-1746 124 42 action action NOUN cblr-1746 124 43 of of ADP cblr-1746 124 44 government government NOUN cblr-1746 124 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 125 1 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 125 2 it it PRON cblr-1746 125 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 125 4 not not PART cblr-1746 125 5 economically economically ADV cblr-1746 125 6 feasible feasible ADJ cblr-1746 125 7 to to PART cblr-1746 125 8 obtain obtain VERB cblr-1746 125 9 relief relief NOUN cblr-1746 125 10 within within ADP cblr-1746 125 11 the the DET cblr-1746 125 12 traditional traditional ADJ cblr-1746 125 13 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 125 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 125 15 a a DET cblr-1746 125 16 multiplicity multiplicity NOUN cblr-1746 125 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 125 18 small small ADJ cblr-1746 125 19 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 125 20 suits suit NOUN cblr-1746 125 21 for for ADP cblr-1746 125 22 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 125 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 125 24 aggrieved aggrieved ADJ cblr-1746 125 25 persons person NOUN cblr-1746 125 26 may may AUX cblr-1746 125 27 be be AUX cblr-1746 125 28 without without ADP cblr-1746 125 29 any any DET cblr-1746 125 30 effective effective ADJ cblr-1746 125 31 redress redress NOUN cblr-1746 125 32 unless unless SCONJ cblr-1746 125 33 they they PRON cblr-1746 125 34 may may AUX cblr-1746 125 35 employ employ VERB cblr-1746 125 36 the the DET cblr-1746 125 37 class class NOUN cblr-1746 125 38 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 125 39 action action NOUN cblr-1746 125 40 device device NOUN cblr-1746 125 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 125 42 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 125 43 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 125 44 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 126 1 18 18 NUM cblr-1746 126 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 126 3 zahn zahn PROPN cblr-1746 126 4 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 126 5 int’l int’l PROPN cblr-1746 126 6 paper paper PROPN cblr-1746 126 7 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 126 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 126 9 414 414 NUM cblr-1746 126 10 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 126 11 . . PROPN cblr-1746 126 12 291 291 NUM cblr-1746 126 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 126 14 307 307 NUM cblr-1746 126 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 126 16 1973 1973 NUM cblr-1746 126 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 126 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 126 19 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 126 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 126 21 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 126 22 were be AUX cblr-1746 126 23 born bear VERB cblr-1746 126 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 126 25 necessity necessity NOUN cblr-1746 126 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 127 1 the the DET cblr-1746 127 2 alternatives alternative NOUN cblr-1746 127 3 were be AUX cblr-1746 127 4 joinder joinder NOUN cblr-1746 127 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 127 6 the the DET cblr-1746 127 7 entire entire ADJ cblr-1746 127 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 127 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 127 10 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 127 11 redundant redundant ADJ cblr-1746 127 12 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 127 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 127 14 the the DET cblr-1746 127 15 common common ADJ cblr-1746 127 16 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 127 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 128 1 the the DET cblr-1746 128 2 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 128 3 to to ADP cblr-1746 128 4 the the DET cblr-1746 128 5 litigants litigant NOUN cblr-1746 128 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 128 7 the the DET cblr-1746 128 8 drain drain NOUN cblr-1746 128 9 on on ADP cblr-1746 128 10 the the DET cblr-1746 128 11 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 128 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 128 13 the the DET cblr-1746 128 14 judiciary judiciary NOUN cblr-1746 128 15 resulting result VERB cblr-1746 128 16 from from ADP cblr-1746 128 17 either either DET cblr-1746 128 18 alternative alternative NOUN cblr-1746 128 19 would would AUX cblr-1746 128 20 have have AUX cblr-1746 128 21 been be AUX cblr-1746 128 22 intolerable intolerable ADJ cblr-1746 128 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 128 24 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 128 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 128 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 129 1 19 19 NUM cblr-1746 129 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 129 3 califano califano PROPN cblr-1746 129 4 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 129 5 yamasaki yamasaki PROPN cblr-1746 129 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 129 7 442 442 NUM cblr-1746 129 8 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 129 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 129 10 682 682 NUM cblr-1746 129 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 129 12 701 701 NUM cblr-1746 129 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 129 14 1979 1979 NUM cblr-1746 129 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 129 16 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 129 17 noting note VERB cblr-1746 129 18 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 129 19 the the DET cblr-1746 129 20 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 129 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 129 22 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 129 23 action action NOUN cblr-1746 129 24 device device NOUN cblr-1746 129 25 saves save VERB cblr-1746 129 26 the the DET cblr-1746 129 27 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 129 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 129 29 both both CCONJ cblr-1746 129 30 the the DET cblr-1746 129 31 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 129 32 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 129 33 the the DET cblr-1746 129 34 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 129 35 parkinson parkinson VERB cblr-1746 129 36 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 129 37 final final ADJ cblr-1746 129 38 748 748 NUM cblr-1746 129 39 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 129 40 business business NOUN cblr-1746 129 41 law law PROPN cblr-1746 129 42 review review NOUN cblr-1746 129 43 [ [ X cblr-1746 129 44 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 129 45 . . NOUN cblr-1746 129 46 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 129 47 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 129 48 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 129 49 broke break VERB cblr-1746 129 50 the the DET cblr-1746 129 51 fog fog NOUN cblr-1746 129 52 with with ADP cblr-1746 129 53 a a DET cblr-1746 129 54 series series NOUN cblr-1746 129 55 of of ADP cblr-1746 129 56 seminal seminal ADJ cblr-1746 129 57 pieces20 pieces20 NOUN cblr-1746 129 58 that that PRON cblr-1746 129 59 collectively collectively ADV cblr-1746 129 60 articulated articulate VERB cblr-1746 129 61 the the DET cblr-1746 129 62 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 129 63 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 129 64 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 129 65 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 129 66 that that PRON cblr-1746 129 67 has have AUX cblr-1746 129 68 come come VERB cblr-1746 129 69 to to PART cblr-1746 129 70 define define VERB cblr-1746 129 71 class class NOUN cblr-1746 129 72 action action NOUN cblr-1746 129 73 scholarship scholarship NOUN cblr-1746 129 74 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 130 1 in in ADP cblr-1746 130 2 his his PRON cblr-1746 130 3 first first ADJ cblr-1746 130 4 salvo salvo NOUN cblr-1746 130 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 130 6 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 130 7 made make VERB cblr-1746 130 8 a a DET cblr-1746 130 9 simple simple ADJ cblr-1746 130 10 observation observation NOUN cblr-1746 130 11 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 130 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 130 13 the the DET cblr-1746 130 14 potential potential NOUN cblr-1746 130 15 for for ADP cblr-1746 130 16 collusion collusion NOUN cblr-1746 130 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 130 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 130 19 course course NOUN cblr-1746 130 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 130 21 is be AUX cblr-1746 130 22 present present ADJ cblr-1746 130 23 in in ADP cblr-1746 130 24 any any DET cblr-1746 130 25 class class NOUN cblr-1746 130 26 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 130 27 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 130 28 action action NOUN cblr-1746 130 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 130 30 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 130 31 an an DET cblr-1746 130 32 inherent inherent ADJ cblr-1746 130 33 conflict conflict NOUN cblr-1746 130 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 130 35 interest interest NOUN cblr-1746 130 36 exists exist VERB cblr-1746 130 37 between between ADP cblr-1746 130 38 the the DET cblr-1746 130 39 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 130 40 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 130 41 the the DET cblr-1746 130 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 130 43 he he PRON cblr-1746 130 44 represents represent VERB cblr-1746 130 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 131 1 the the DET cblr-1746 131 2 latter latter ADJ cblr-1746 131 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 131 4 interested interested ADJ cblr-1746 131 5 in in ADP cblr-1746 131 6 the the DET cblr-1746 131 7 size size NOUN cblr-1746 131 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 131 9 the the DET cblr-1746 131 10 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 131 11 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 131 12 the the DET cblr-1746 131 13 former former ADJ cblr-1746 131 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 131 15 in in ADP cblr-1746 131 16 the the DET cblr-1746 131 17 size size NOUN cblr-1746 131 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 131 19 his his PRON cblr-1746 131 20 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 131 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 132 1 ”21 ”21 ADJ cblr-1746 132 2 in in ADP cblr-1746 132 3 addition addition NOUN cblr-1746 132 4 to to ADP cblr-1746 132 5 this this DET cblr-1746 132 6 collusion collusion NOUN cblr-1746 132 7 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 132 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 132 9 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 132 10 later later ADV cblr-1746 132 11 identified identify VERB cblr-1746 132 12 several several ADJ cblr-1746 132 13 related related ADJ cblr-1746 132 14 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 132 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 132 16 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 132 17 problems,22 problems,22 NOUN cblr-1746 132 18 each each PRON cblr-1746 132 19 characterized characterize VERB cblr-1746 132 20 by by ADP cblr-1746 132 21 the the DET cblr-1746 132 22 information information NOUN cblr-1746 132 23 asymmetry asymmetry NOUN cblr-1746 132 24 between between ADP cblr-1746 132 25 class class NOUN cblr-1746 132 26 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 132 27 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 132 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 132 29 members member NOUN cblr-1746 132 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 132 31 which which PRON cblr-1746 132 32 affords afford VERB cblr-1746 132 33 the the DET cblr-1746 132 34 former former ADJ cblr-1746 132 35 the the DET cblr-1746 132 36 opportunity opportunity NOUN cblr-1746 132 37 to to PART cblr-1746 132 38 engage engage VERB cblr-1746 132 39 in in ADP cblr-1746 132 40 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 132 41 opportunistic opportunistic ADJ cblr-1746 132 42 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 132 43 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 132 44 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 132 45 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 132 46 renders render VERB cblr-1746 132 47 the the DET cblr-1746 132 48 latter latter ADJ cblr-1746 132 49 helpless helpless NOUN cblr-1746 132 50 to to PART cblr-1746 132 51 monitor monitor VERB cblr-1746 132 52 such such ADJ cblr-1746 132 53 behavior.23 behavior.23 NOUN cblr-1746 132 54 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 132 55 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 132 56 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 132 57 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 132 58 noted note VERB cblr-1746 132 59 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 132 60 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 132 61 it it PRON cblr-1746 132 62 is be AUX cblr-1746 132 63 more more ADV cblr-1746 132 64 accurate accurate ADJ cblr-1746 132 65 as as ADP cblr-1746 132 66 a a DET cblr-1746 132 67 descriptive descriptive ADJ cblr-1746 132 68 matter matter NOUN cblr-1746 132 69 to to PART cblr-1746 132 70 view view VERB cblr-1746 132 71 the the DET cblr-1746 132 72 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 132 73 as as ADP cblr-1746 132 74 an an DET cblr-1746 132 75 independent independent ADJ cblr-1746 132 76 entrepreneur entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 132 77 than than ADP cblr-1746 132 78 as as ADP cblr-1746 132 79 an an DET cblr-1746 132 80 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 132 81 of of ADP cblr-1746 132 82 the the DET cblr-1746 132 83 client client NOUN cblr-1746 132 84 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 133 1 ”24 ”24 VERB cblr-1746 133 2 by by ADP cblr-1746 133 3 permitting permit VERB cblr-1746 133 4 an an DET cblr-1746 133 5 issue issue NOUN cblr-1746 133 6 potentially potentially ADV cblr-1746 133 7 affecting affect VERB cblr-1746 133 8 [ [ X cblr-1746 133 9 many many ADJ cblr-1746 133 10 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 133 11 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 133 12 to to PART cblr-1746 133 13 be be AUX cblr-1746 133 14 litigated litigate VERB cblr-1746 133 15 in in ADP cblr-1746 133 16 an an DET cblr-1746 133 17 economical economical ADJ cblr-1746 133 18 fashion fashion NOUN cblr-1746 133 19 under under ADP cblr-1746 133 20 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 133 21 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 133 22 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 133 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 133 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 134 1 20 20 NUM cblr-1746 134 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 134 3 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 134 4 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 134 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 134 6 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 134 7 note note PROPN cblr-1746 134 8 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 134 9 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 134 10 john john PROPN cblr-1746 134 11 c. c. PROPN cblr-1746 134 12 coffee coffee PROPN cblr-1746 134 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 134 14 jr jr PROPN cblr-1746 134 15 . . PROPN cblr-1746 134 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 134 17 understanding understand VERB cblr-1746 134 18 the the DET cblr-1746 134 19 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 134 20 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 134 21 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 134 22 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 134 23 the the DET cblr-1746 134 24 implications implication NOUN cblr-1746 134 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 134 26 economic economic ADJ cblr-1746 134 27 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 134 28 for for ADP cblr-1746 134 29 private private ADJ cblr-1746 134 30 enforcement enforcement NOUN cblr-1746 134 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 134 32 law law NOUN cblr-1746 134 33 through through ADP cblr-1746 134 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 134 35 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 134 36 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 134 37 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 134 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 134 39 86 86 NUM cblr-1746 134 40 colum colum NOUN cblr-1746 134 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 135 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 135 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 135 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 136 1 669 669 NUM cblr-1746 136 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 136 3 1986 1986 NUM cblr-1746 136 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 137 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 137 2 hereinafter hereinafter NOUN cblr-1746 137 3 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 137 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 137 5 understanding understand VERB cblr-1746 137 6 the the DET cblr-1746 137 7 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 137 8 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 137 9 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 137 10 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 137 11 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 137 12 john john PROPN cblr-1746 137 13 c. c. PROPN cblr-1746 137 14 coffee coffee PROPN cblr-1746 137 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 137 16 jr jr PROPN cblr-1746 137 17 . . PROPN cblr-1746 137 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 137 19 rethinking rethink VERB cblr-1746 137 20 the the DET cblr-1746 137 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 137 22 action action NOUN cblr-1746 137 23 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 137 24 a a DET cblr-1746 137 25 policy policy NOUN cblr-1746 137 26 primer primer NOUN cblr-1746 137 27 on on ADP cblr-1746 137 28 reform reform NOUN cblr-1746 137 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 137 30 62 62 NUM cblr-1746 137 31 ind ind NOUN cblr-1746 137 32 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 138 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 138 2 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 138 3 625 625 NUM cblr-1746 138 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 138 5 1987 1987 NUM cblr-1746 138 6 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 139 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 139 2 hereinafter hereinafter NOUN cblr-1746 139 3 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 139 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 139 5 rethinking rethink VERB cblr-1746 139 6 the the DET cblr-1746 139 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 139 8 action action NOUN cblr-1746 139 9 ] ] X cblr-1746 139 10 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 139 11 john john PROPN cblr-1746 139 12 c. c. PROPN cblr-1746 139 13 coffee coffee PROPN cblr-1746 139 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 139 15 jr jr PROPN cblr-1746 139 16 . . PROPN cblr-1746 139 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 139 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 139 19 wars war NOUN cblr-1746 139 20 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 139 21 the the DET cblr-1746 139 22 dilemma dilemma NOUN cblr-1746 139 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 139 24 the the DET cblr-1746 139 25 mass mass NOUN cblr-1746 139 26 tort tort NOUN cblr-1746 139 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 139 28 action action NOUN cblr-1746 139 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 139 30 95 95 NUM cblr-1746 139 31 colum colum NOUN cblr-1746 139 32 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 140 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 140 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 140 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 140 4 1343 1343 NUM cblr-1746 140 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 140 6 1995 1995 NUM cblr-1746 140 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 140 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 141 1 21 21 NUM cblr-1746 141 2 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 141 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 141 4 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 141 5 note note NOUN cblr-1746 141 6 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 141 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 141 8 at at ADP cblr-1746 141 9 243 243 NUM cblr-1746 141 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 141 11 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 141 12 [ [ X cblr-1746 141 13 t]o t]o ADP cblr-1746 141 14 the the DET cblr-1746 141 15 extent extent NOUN cblr-1746 141 16 the the DET cblr-1746 141 17 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 141 18 regards regard VERB cblr-1746 141 19 only only ADV cblr-1746 141 20 his his PRON cblr-1746 141 21 own own ADJ cblr-1746 141 22 self self NOUN cblr-1746 141 23 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 141 24 interest interest NOUN cblr-1746 141 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 141 26 he he PRON cblr-1746 141 27 would would AUX cblr-1746 141 28 prefer prefer VERB cblr-1746 141 29 a a DET cblr-1746 141 30 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 141 31 500,000 500,000 NUM cblr-1746 141 32 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 141 33 out out ADP cblr-1746 141 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 141 35 which which PRON cblr-1746 141 36 a a DET cblr-1746 141 37 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 141 38 300,000 300,000 NUM cblr-1746 141 39 award award NOUN cblr-1746 141 40 of of ADP cblr-1746 141 41 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 141 42 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 141 43 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 141 44 would would AUX cblr-1746 141 45 be be AUX cblr-1746 141 46 paid pay VERB cblr-1746 141 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 141 48 to to ADP cblr-1746 141 49 a a DET cblr-1746 141 50 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 141 51 1,000,000 1,000,000 NUM cblr-1746 141 52 recovery recovery NOUN cblr-1746 141 53 out out ADP cblr-1746 141 54 of of ADP cblr-1746 141 55 which which PRON cblr-1746 141 56 only only ADV cblr-1746 141 57 a a DET cblr-1746 141 58 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 141 59 200,000 200,000 NUM cblr-1746 141 60 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 141 61 would would AUX cblr-1746 141 62 be be AUX cblr-1746 141 63 paid pay VERB cblr-1746 141 64 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 141 65 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 141 66 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 141 67 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 142 1 22 22 NUM cblr-1746 142 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 142 3 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 142 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 142 5 understanding understand VERB cblr-1746 142 6 the the DET cblr-1746 142 7 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 142 8 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 142 9 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 142 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 142 11 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 142 12 note note NOUN cblr-1746 142 13 20 20 NUM cblr-1746 142 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 142 15 at at ADP cblr-1746 142 16 679–80 679–80 PROPN cblr-1746 142 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 142 18 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 142 19 [ [ X cblr-1746 142 20 t]his t]his DET cblr-1746 142 21 system system NOUN cblr-1746 142 22 also also ADV cblr-1746 142 23 creates create VERB cblr-1746 142 24 the the DET cblr-1746 142 25 potential potential NOUN cblr-1746 142 26 for for ADP cblr-1746 142 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 142 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 142 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 143 1 opportunism opportunism NOUN cblr-1746 143 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 143 3 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 143 4 which which PRON cblr-1746 143 5 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 143 6 arises arise VERB cblr-1746 143 7 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 143 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 143 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 143 10 economic economic ADJ cblr-1746 143 11 terms term NOUN cblr-1746 143 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 143 13 there there PRON cblr-1746 143 14 are be VERB cblr-1746 143 15 high high ADJ cblr-1746 143 16 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 143 17 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 143 18 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 143 19 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 143 20 associated associate VERB cblr-1746 143 21 with with ADP cblr-1746 143 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 143 23 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 143 24 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 143 25 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 143 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 143 27 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 143 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 143 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 144 1 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 144 2 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 144 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 144 4 rethinking rethink VERB cblr-1746 144 5 the the DET cblr-1746 144 6 class class NOUN cblr-1746 144 7 action action NOUN cblr-1746 144 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 144 9 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 144 10 note note NOUN cblr-1746 144 11 20 20 NUM cblr-1746 144 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 144 13 at at ADP cblr-1746 144 14 628 628 NUM cblr-1746 144 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 144 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 144 17 high high ADJ cblr-1746 144 18 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 144 19 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 144 20 characterize characterize VERB cblr-1746 144 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 144 22 action action NOUN cblr-1746 144 23 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 144 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 144 25 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 144 26 permit permit VERB cblr-1746 144 27 opportunistic opportunistic ADJ cblr-1746 144 28 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 144 29 by by ADP cblr-1746 144 30 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 144 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 144 32 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 144 33 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 144 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 145 1 24 24 NUM cblr-1746 145 2 i i PRON cblr-1746 145 3 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 145 4 parkinson parkinson PROPN cblr-1746 145 5 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 145 6 final final ADJ cblr-1746 145 7 no no NOUN cblr-1746 145 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 146 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 146 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 146 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 146 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 146 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 146 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 146 7 749 749 NUM cblr-1746 146 8 several several ADJ cblr-1746 146 9 normative normative ADJ cblr-1746 146 10 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 146 11 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 146 12 entailments entailment NOUN cblr-1746 146 13 follow follow VERB cblr-1746 146 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 147 1 most most ADV cblr-1746 147 2 obviously obviously ADV cblr-1746 147 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 147 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 147 5 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 147 6 warrant warrant VERB cblr-1746 147 7 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 147 8 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 147 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 148 1 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 148 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 148 3 the the DET cblr-1746 148 4 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 148 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 148 6 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 148 7 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 148 8 that that PRON cblr-1746 148 9 infect infect VERB cblr-1746 148 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 148 11 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 148 12 are be AUX cblr-1746 148 13 so so ADV cblr-1746 148 14 severe severe ADJ cblr-1746 148 15 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 148 16 to to PART cblr-1746 148 17 be be AUX cblr-1746 148 18 distinguished distinguish VERB cblr-1746 148 19 from from ADP cblr-1746 148 20 garden garden NOUN cblr-1746 148 21 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 148 22 variety variety NOUN cblr-1746 148 23 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 148 24 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 148 25 in in ADP cblr-1746 148 26 the the DET cblr-1746 148 27 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 148 28 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 148 29 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 148 30 context context NOUN cblr-1746 148 31 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 149 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 149 2 t]he t]he ADV cblr-1746 149 3 critical critical ADJ cblr-1746 149 4 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 149 5 in in ADP cblr-1746 149 6 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 149 7 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 149 8 have have VERB cblr-1746 149 9 lower low ADJ cblr-1746 149 10 visibility visibility NOUN cblr-1746 149 11 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 149 12 require require VERB cblr-1746 149 13 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 149 14 expertise expertise NOUN cblr-1746 149 15 to to PART cblr-1746 149 16 understand understand VERB cblr-1746 149 17 than than ADP cblr-1746 149 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 149 19 the the DET cblr-1746 149 20 case case NOUN cblr-1746 149 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 149 22 the the DET cblr-1746 149 23 shareholdermanager shareholdermanager NOUN cblr-1746 149 24 relationship relationship NOUN cblr-1746 149 25 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 149 26 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 149 27 at at ADV cblr-1746 149 28 least least ADJ cblr-1746 149 29 publicly publicly ADV cblr-1746 149 30 reported report VERB cblr-1746 149 31 financial financial ADJ cblr-1746 149 32 statements statement NOUN cblr-1746 149 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 149 34 the the DET cblr-1746 149 35 financial financial ADJ cblr-1746 149 36 press press NOUN cblr-1746 149 37 reveal reveal VERB cblr-1746 149 38 much much ADV cblr-1746 149 39 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 149 40 supply supply VERB cblr-1746 149 41 a a DET cblr-1746 149 42 basis basis NOUN cblr-1746 149 43 for for ADP cblr-1746 149 44 comparison comparison NOUN cblr-1746 149 45 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 149 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 150 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 150 2 moreover moreover X cblr-1746 150 3 ] ] X cblr-1746 150 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 150 5 no no DET cblr-1746 150 6 public public ADJ cblr-1746 150 7 market market NOUN cblr-1746 150 8 exists exist VERB cblr-1746 150 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 150 10 the the DET cblr-1746 150 11 case case NOUN cblr-1746 150 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 150 13 the the DET cblr-1746 150 14 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 150 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 150 16 client client NOUN cblr-1746 150 17 relationship relationship NOUN cblr-1746 150 18 to to PART cblr-1746 150 19 motivate motivate VERB cblr-1746 150 20 the the DET cblr-1746 150 21 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 150 22 to to PART cblr-1746 150 23 serve serve VERB cblr-1746 150 24 the the DET cblr-1746 150 25 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 150 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 150 27 the the DET cblr-1746 150 28 principal.25 principal.25 NOUN cblr-1746 150 29 from from ADP cblr-1746 150 30 these these DET cblr-1746 150 31 beginnings beginning NOUN cblr-1746 150 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 150 33 the the DET cblr-1746 150 34 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 150 35 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 150 36 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 150 37 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 150 38 rose rise VERB cblr-1746 150 39 in in ADP cblr-1746 150 40 prominence prominence NOUN cblr-1746 150 41 with with ADP cblr-1746 150 42 law law NOUN cblr-1746 150 43 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 150 44 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 150 45 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 150 46 economics economics NOUN cblr-1746 150 47 scholarship scholarship NOUN cblr-1746 150 48 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 151 1 as as ADP cblr-1746 151 2 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 151 3 one one NUM cblr-1746 151 4 example example NOUN cblr-1746 151 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 151 6 jonathan jonathan PROPN cblr-1746 151 7 macey macey PROPN cblr-1746 151 8 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 151 9 geoffrey geoffrey PROPN cblr-1746 151 10 miller miller PROPN cblr-1746 151 11 illustrated26 illustrated26 VERB cblr-1746 151 12 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 151 13 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 151 14 collective collective ADJ cblr-1746 151 15 action action NOUN cblr-1746 151 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 151 17 free free ADJ cblr-1746 151 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 151 19 rider rider NOUN cblr-1746 151 20 effects effect NOUN cblr-1746 151 21 allow allow VERB cblr-1746 151 22 the the DET cblr-1746 151 23 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 151 24 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 151 25 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 151 26 in in ADP cblr-1746 151 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 151 28 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 151 29 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 151 30 cases case NOUN cblr-1746 151 31 to to PART cblr-1746 151 32 operate operate VERB cblr-1746 151 33 with with ADP cblr-1746 151 34 nearly nearly ADV cblr-1746 151 35 total total ADJ cblr-1746 151 36 freedom freedom NOUN cblr-1746 151 37 from from ADP cblr-1746 151 38 traditional traditional ADJ cblr-1746 151 39 forms form NOUN cblr-1746 151 40 of of ADP cblr-1746 151 41 client client NOUN cblr-1746 151 42 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 151 43 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 152 1 ”27 ”27 ADV cblr-1746 152 2 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 152 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 152 4 in in ADP cblr-1746 152 5 turn turn NOUN cblr-1746 152 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 152 7 allows allow VERB cblr-1746 152 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 152 9 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 152 10 to to PART cblr-1746 152 11 undervalue undervalue VERB cblr-1746 152 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 152 13 members member NOUN cblr-1746 152 14 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 152 15 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 152 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 152 17 exchange exchange NOUN cblr-1746 152 18 for for ADP cblr-1746 152 19 a a DET cblr-1746 152 20 quick quick ADJ cblr-1746 152 21 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 152 22 favorable favorable ADJ cblr-1746 152 23 settlement.28 settlement.28 NOUN cblr-1746 152 24 samuel samuel PROPN cblr-1746 152 25 issacharoff issacharoff PROPN cblr-1746 152 26 has have AUX cblr-1746 152 27 stated state VERB cblr-1746 152 28 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 152 29 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 152 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 152 31 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 152 32 selected select VERB cblr-1746 152 33 on on ADP cblr-1746 152 34 the the DET cblr-1746 152 35 basis basis NOUN cblr-1746 152 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 152 37 an an DET cblr-1746 152 38 economic economic ADJ cblr-1746 152 39 commitment commitment NOUN cblr-1746 152 40 to to PART cblr-1746 152 41 maximize maximize VERB cblr-1746 152 42 financial financial ADJ cblr-1746 152 43 returns return NOUN cblr-1746 152 44 to to ADP cblr-1746 152 45 the the DET cblr-1746 152 46 class class NOUN cblr-1746 152 47 will will AUX cblr-1746 152 48 25 25 NUM cblr-1746 152 49 i i PRON cblr-1746 152 50 d. d. NOUN cblr-1746 152 51 at at ADP cblr-1746 152 52 629 629 NUM cblr-1746 152 53 . . NOUN cblr-1746 152 54 26 26 NUM cblr-1746 152 55 see see VERB cblr-1746 152 56 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 152 57 jonathan jonathan PROPN cblr-1746 152 58 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 152 59 macey macey PROPN cblr-1746 152 60 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 152 61 geoffrey geoffrey PROPN cblr-1746 152 62 p. p. PROPN cblr-1746 152 63 miller miller PROPN cblr-1746 152 64 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 152 65 the the DET cblr-1746 152 66 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 152 67 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 152 68 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 152 69 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 152 70 role role NOUN cblr-1746 152 71 in in ADP cblr-1746 152 72 class class NOUN cblr-1746 152 73 action action NOUN cblr-1746 152 74 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 152 75 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 152 76 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 152 77 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 152 78 economic economic ADJ cblr-1746 152 79 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 152 80 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 152 81 recommendations recommendation NOUN cblr-1746 152 82 for for ADP cblr-1746 152 83 reform reform NOUN cblr-1746 152 84 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 152 85 58 58 NUM cblr-1746 152 86 u. u. NOUN cblr-1746 152 87 chi chi PROPN cblr-1746 152 88 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 153 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 153 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 153 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 153 4 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 153 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 153 6 1991 1991 NUM cblr-1746 153 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 153 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 154 1 27 27 NUM cblr-1746 155 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 155 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 155 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 155 4 20 20 NUM cblr-1746 155 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 155 6 28 28 NUM cblr-1746 155 7 see see VERB cblr-1746 155 8 christopher christopher PROPN cblr-1746 155 9 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 155 10 leslie leslie PROPN cblr-1746 155 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 155 12 de de X cblr-1746 155 13 facto facto X cblr-1746 155 14 detrebling detrebling NOUN cblr-1746 155 15 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 155 16 the the DET cblr-1746 155 17 rush rush NOUN cblr-1746 155 18 to to ADP cblr-1746 155 19 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 155 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 155 21 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 155 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 155 23 action action NOUN cblr-1746 155 24 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 155 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 155 26 50 50 NUM cblr-1746 155 27 ariz ariz NOUN cblr-1746 155 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 156 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 156 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 156 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 156 4 1009 1009 NUM cblr-1746 156 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 156 6 1010 1010 NUM cblr-1746 156 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 156 8 2008 2008 NUM cblr-1746 156 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 156 10 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 156 11 see see VERB cblr-1746 156 12 also also ADV cblr-1746 156 13 alon alon PROPN cblr-1746 156 14 klement klement PROPN cblr-1746 156 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 156 16 who who PRON cblr-1746 156 17 should should AUX cblr-1746 156 18 guard guard VERB cblr-1746 156 19 the the DET cblr-1746 156 20 guardians guardian NOUN cblr-1746 156 21 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 157 1 a a DET cblr-1746 157 2 new new ADJ cblr-1746 157 3 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 157 4 for for ADP cblr-1746 157 5 monitoring monitor VERB cblr-1746 157 6 class class NOUN cblr-1746 157 7 action action NOUN cblr-1746 157 8 lawyers lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 157 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 157 10 21 21 NUM cblr-1746 157 11 rev rev X cblr-1746 157 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 157 13 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 157 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 158 1 25 25 NUM cblr-1746 158 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 158 3 42 42 NUM cblr-1746 158 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 158 5 2002 2002 NUM cblr-1746 158 6 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 158 7 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 158 8 bruce bruce PROPN cblr-1746 158 9 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 158 10 hay hay PROPN cblr-1746 158 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 158 12 the the DET cblr-1746 158 13 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 158 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 158 15 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 158 16 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 158 17 in in ADP cblr-1746 158 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 158 19 action action NOUN cblr-1746 158 20 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 158 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 158 22 46 46 NUM cblr-1746 158 23 am am NOUN cblr-1746 158 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 159 1 u. u. PROPN cblr-1746 159 2 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 159 3 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 159 4 . . PROPN cblr-1746 159 5 1429 1429 NUM cblr-1746 159 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 159 7 1436 1436 NUM cblr-1746 159 8 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 159 9 1997 1997 NUM cblr-1746 159 10 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 159 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 160 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 160 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 160 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 160 4 750 750 NUM cblr-1746 160 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 160 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 160 7 law law NOUN cblr-1746 160 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 161 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 161 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 161 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 161 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 161 5 be be VERB cblr-1746 161 6 especially especially ADV cblr-1746 161 7 likely likely ADJ cblr-1746 161 8 to to PART cblr-1746 161 9 succumb succumb VERB cblr-1746 161 10 to to ADP cblr-1746 161 11 the the DET cblr-1746 161 12 cross cross ADJ cblr-1746 161 13 - - ADJ cblr-1746 161 14 cutting cutting ADJ cblr-1746 161 15 incentives incentive NOUN cblr-1746 161 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 161 17 any any DET cblr-1746 161 18 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 161 19 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 161 20 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 161 21 relationship relationship NOUN cblr-1746 161 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 162 1 ”29 ”29 PUNCT cblr-1746 162 2 in in ADP cblr-1746 162 3 the the DET cblr-1746 162 4 clearest clear ADJ cblr-1746 162 5 attempt attempt NOUN cblr-1746 162 6 to to PART cblr-1746 162 7 tie tie VERB cblr-1746 162 8 this this DET cblr-1746 162 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 162 10 very very ADV cblr-1746 162 11 real real ADJ cblr-1746 162 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 162 13 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 162 14 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 162 15 to to ADP cblr-1746 162 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 162 17 size size NOUN cblr-1746 162 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 162 19 some some PRON cblr-1746 162 20 suggest suggest VERB cblr-1746 162 21 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 162 22 poor poor ADJ cblr-1746 162 23 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 162 24 allows allow VERB cblr-1746 162 25 class class NOUN cblr-1746 162 26 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 162 27 to to PART cblr-1746 162 28 move move VERB cblr-1746 162 29 for for ADP cblr-1746 162 30 the the DET cblr-1746 162 31 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 162 32 of of ADP cblr-1746 162 33 oversized oversized ADJ cblr-1746 162 34 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 162 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 163 1 this this PRON cblr-1746 163 2 allows allow VERB cblr-1746 163 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 163 4 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 163 5 to to PART cblr-1746 163 6 seek seek VERB cblr-1746 163 7 exorbitant exorbitant ADJ cblr-1746 163 8 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 163 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 163 10 generated generate VERB cblr-1746 163 11 by by ADP cblr-1746 163 12 a a DET cblr-1746 163 13 large large ADJ cblr-1746 163 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 163 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 163 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 163 17 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 163 18 externalizing externalize VERB cblr-1746 163 19 the the DET cblr-1746 163 20 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 163 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 163 22 failure failure NOUN cblr-1746 163 23 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 163 24 decertification decertification NOUN cblr-1746 163 25 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 163 26 the the DET cblr-1746 163 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 163 28 is be AUX cblr-1746 163 29 too too ADV cblr-1746 163 30 large large ADJ cblr-1746 163 31 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 163 32 the the DET cblr-1746 163 33 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 163 34 too too ADV cblr-1746 163 35 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 163 36 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 163 37 on on ADP cblr-1746 163 38 those those DET cblr-1746 163 39 class class NOUN cblr-1746 163 40 members member NOUN cblr-1746 163 41 whose whose DET cblr-1746 163 42 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 163 43 would would AUX cblr-1746 163 44 have have AUX cblr-1746 163 45 been be AUX cblr-1746 163 46 vindicated vindicate VERB cblr-1746 163 47 in in ADP cblr-1746 163 48 a a DET cblr-1746 163 49 smaller small ADJ cblr-1746 163 50 class.30 class.30 NOUN cblr-1746 163 51 these these DET cblr-1746 163 52 observations observation NOUN cblr-1746 163 53 have have AUX cblr-1746 163 54 come come VERB cblr-1746 163 55 to to PART cblr-1746 163 56 shape shape VERB cblr-1746 163 57 a a DET cblr-1746 163 58 well well ADV cblr-1746 163 59 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 163 60 established establish VERB cblr-1746 163 61 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 163 62 predominant predominant ADJ cblr-1746 163 63 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 163 64 in in ADP cblr-1746 163 65 the the DET cblr-1746 163 66 literature literature NOUN cblr-1746 163 67 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 164 1 william william PROPN cblr-1746 164 2 rubenstein rubenstein PROPN cblr-1746 164 3 remarked remark VERB cblr-1746 164 4 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 164 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 164 6 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 164 7 [ [ X cblr-1746 164 8 a]lthough a]lthough ADP cblr-1746 164 9 commentators commentator NOUN cblr-1746 164 10 could could AUX cblr-1746 164 11 not not PART cblr-1746 164 12 agree agree VERB cblr-1746 164 13 on on ADP cblr-1746 164 14 a a DET cblr-1746 164 15 cure cure NOUN cblr-1746 164 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 164 17 they they PRON cblr-1746 164 18 were be AUX cblr-1746 164 19 in in ADP cblr-1746 164 20 accord accord NOUN cblr-1746 164 21 regarding regard VERB cblr-1746 164 22 the the DET cblr-1746 164 23 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN cblr-1746 164 24 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 164 25 the the DET cblr-1746 164 26 virus virus NOUN cblr-1746 164 27 infecting infect VERB cblr-1746 164 28 the the DET cblr-1746 164 29 class class NOUN cblr-1746 164 30 action action NOUN cblr-1746 164 31 system system NOUN cblr-1746 164 32 was be AUX cblr-1746 164 33 the the DET cblr-1746 164 34 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 164 35 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 164 36 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 164 37 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 164 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 165 1 ”31 ”31 ADJ cblr-1746 165 2 class class NOUN cblr-1746 165 3 action action NOUN cblr-1746 165 4 scholars scholar NOUN cblr-1746 165 5 regularly regularly ADV cblr-1746 165 6 acknowledge acknowledge VERB cblr-1746 165 7 this this DET cblr-1746 165 8 consensus,32 consensus,32 ADJ cblr-1746 165 9 raising raise VERB cblr-1746 165 10 the the DET cblr-1746 165 11 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 165 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 165 13 an an DET cblr-1746 165 14 echo echo NOUN cblr-1746 165 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 165 16 chamber chamber NOUN cblr-1746 165 17 effect effect NOUN cblr-1746 165 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 166 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 166 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 166 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 166 4 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 166 5 issacharoff issacharoff NOUN cblr-1746 166 6 observed observe VERB cblr-1746 166 7 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 166 8 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 166 9 29 29 NUM cblr-1746 166 10 samuel samuel PROPN cblr-1746 166 11 issacharoff issacharoff NOUN cblr-1746 166 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 166 13 the the DET cblr-1746 166 14 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 166 15 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 166 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 166 17 aggregate aggregate ADJ cblr-1746 166 18 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 166 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 166 20 81 81 NUM cblr-1746 166 21 fordham fordham PROPN cblr-1746 166 22 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 166 23 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 166 24 . . PROPN cblr-1746 166 25 3165 3165 NUM cblr-1746 166 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 166 27 3183 3183 NUM cblr-1746 166 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 166 29 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 166 30 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 166 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 167 1 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 167 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 167 3 klement klement NOUN cblr-1746 167 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 167 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 167 6 note note PROPN cblr-1746 167 7 28 28 NUM cblr-1746 167 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 167 9 at at ADP cblr-1746 167 10 35–36 35–36 NUM cblr-1746 167 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 167 12 noting note VERB cblr-1746 167 13 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 167 14 poorly poorly ADV cblr-1746 167 15 monitored monitor VERB cblr-1746 167 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 167 17 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 167 18 have have VERB cblr-1746 167 19 an an DET cblr-1746 167 20 incentive incentive NOUN cblr-1746 167 21 to to PART cblr-1746 167 22 oversupply oversupply VERB cblr-1746 167 23 potentially potentially ADV cblr-1746 167 24 unrelated unrelated ADJ cblr-1746 167 25 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 167 26 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 167 27 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 167 28 underinvesting underinveste VERB cblr-1746 167 29 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 167 30 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 167 31 in in ADP cblr-1746 167 32 meritorious meritorious ADJ cblr-1746 167 33 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 167 34 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 167 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 168 1 31 31 NUM cblr-1746 168 2 william william PROPN cblr-1746 168 3 b. b. PROPN cblr-1746 168 4 rubenstein rubenstein PROPN cblr-1746 168 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 168 6 on on ADP cblr-1746 168 7 what what PRON cblr-1746 168 8 a a DET cblr-1746 168 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 168 10 private private ADJ cblr-1746 168 11 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 168 12 general general NOUN cblr-1746 168 13 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 168 14 is be AUX cblr-1746 168 15 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 168 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 168 17 why why SCONJ cblr-1746 168 18 it it PRON cblr-1746 168 19 matters matter VERB cblr-1746 168 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 168 21 57 57 NUM cblr-1746 168 22 vand vand NOUN cblr-1746 168 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 169 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 169 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 169 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 169 4 2129 2129 NUM cblr-1746 169 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 169 6 2164 2164 NUM cblr-1746 169 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 169 8 2004 2004 NUM cblr-1746 169 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 169 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 170 1 32 32 NUM cblr-1746 170 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 170 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 170 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 170 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 170 6 i i PROPN cblr-1746 170 7 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 170 8 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 170 9 myriam myriam PROPN cblr-1746 170 10 gilles gilles PROPN cblr-1746 170 11 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 170 12 gary gary PROPN cblr-1746 170 13 b. b. PROPN cblr-1746 170 14 friedman friedman PROPN cblr-1746 170 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 170 16 exploding explode VERB cblr-1746 170 17 the the DET cblr-1746 170 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 170 19 action action NOUN cblr-1746 170 20 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 170 21 costs cost VERB cblr-1746 170 22 myth myth NOUN cblr-1746 170 23 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 170 24 the the DET cblr-1746 170 25 social social ADJ cblr-1746 170 26 utility utility NOUN cblr-1746 170 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 170 28 entrepreneurial entrepreneurial ADJ cblr-1746 170 29 lawyers lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 170 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 170 31 155 155 NUM cblr-1746 170 32 u. u. PROPN cblr-1746 170 33 pa pa PROPN cblr-1746 170 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 170 35 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 170 36 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 170 37 . . PROPN cblr-1746 170 38 103 103 NUM cblr-1746 170 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 170 40 113 113 NUM cblr-1746 170 41 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 170 42 2006 2006 NUM cblr-1746 170 43 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 170 44 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 170 45 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 170 46 meanwhile meanwhile ADV cblr-1746 170 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 170 48 back back ADV cblr-1746 170 49 in in ADP cblr-1746 170 50 legal legal ADJ cblr-1746 170 51 academia academia NOUN cblr-1746 170 52 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 170 53 the the DET cblr-1746 170 54 dominant dominant ADJ cblr-1746 170 55 story story NOUN cblr-1746 170 56 was be AUX cblr-1746 170 57 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 170 58 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 170 59 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 171 1 beginning begin VERB cblr-1746 171 2 with with ADP cblr-1746 171 3 john john PROPN cblr-1746 171 4 coffee coffee PROPN cblr-1746 171 5 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 171 6 pioneering pioneer VERB cblr-1746 171 7 work work NOUN cblr-1746 171 8 in in ADP cblr-1746 171 9 the the DET cblr-1746 171 10 mid-1980s mid-1980 NOUN cblr-1746 171 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 171 12 law law NOUN cblr-1746 171 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 171 14 economics economic NOUN cblr-1746 171 15 scholars scholar NOUN cblr-1746 171 16 began begin VERB cblr-1746 171 17 to to PART cblr-1746 171 18 critically critically ADV cblr-1746 171 19 examine examine VERB cblr-1746 171 20 the the DET cblr-1746 171 21 powerful powerful ADJ cblr-1746 171 22 financial financial ADJ cblr-1746 171 23 incentives incentive NOUN cblr-1746 171 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 171 25 entrepreneurial entrepreneurial ADJ cblr-1746 171 26 class class NOUN cblr-1746 171 27 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 171 28 lawyers lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 171 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 171 30 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 171 31 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 171 32 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 171 33 samuel samuel PROPN cblr-1746 171 34 issacharoff issacharoff PROPN cblr-1746 171 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 171 36 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 171 37 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 171 38 legitimacy legitimacy NOUN cblr-1746 171 39 in in ADP cblr-1746 171 40 the the DET cblr-1746 171 41 law law NOUN cblr-1746 171 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 171 43 class class NOUN cblr-1746 171 44 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 171 45 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 171 46 1999 1999 NUM cblr-1746 171 47 sup sup NOUN cblr-1746 171 48 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 172 1 ct ct AUX cblr-1746 172 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 172 3 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 172 4 . . PROPN cblr-1746 172 5 337 337 NUM cblr-1746 172 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 172 7 375 375 NUM cblr-1746 172 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 173 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 173 2 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 173 3 morris morris PROPN cblr-1746 173 4 a. a. PROPN cblr-1746 173 5 ratner ratner PROPN cblr-1746 173 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 173 7 a a DET cblr-1746 173 8 new new ADJ cblr-1746 173 9 model model NOUN cblr-1746 173 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 173 11 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 173 12 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 173 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 173 14 action action NOUN cblr-1746 173 15 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 173 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 173 17 31 31 NUM cblr-1746 173 18 rev rev X cblr-1746 173 19 . . PROPN cblr-1746 173 20 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 173 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 174 1 757 757 NUM cblr-1746 174 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 174 3 2012 2012 NUM cblr-1746 174 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 174 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 174 6 casting cast VERB cblr-1746 174 7 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 174 8 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 174 9 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 174 10 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 174 11 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 174 12 as as ADP cblr-1746 174 13 the the DET cblr-1746 174 14 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 174 15 conventional conventional ADJ cblr-1746 174 16 understanding understanding NOUN cblr-1746 174 17 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 174 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 174 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 174 20 action action NOUN cblr-1746 174 21 literature literature NOUN cblr-1746 174 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 174 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 175 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 175 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 175 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 175 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 175 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 176 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 176 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 176 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 176 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 176 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 176 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 176 7 751 751 NUM cblr-1746 177 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 177 2 i]ronically i]ronically ADV cblr-1746 177 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 177 4 the the DET cblr-1746 177 5 very very ADJ cblr-1746 177 6 insight insight NOUN cblr-1746 177 7 that that PRON cblr-1746 177 8 opened open VERB cblr-1746 177 9 the the DET cblr-1746 177 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 177 11 action action NOUN cblr-1746 177 12 to to ADP cblr-1746 177 13 a a DET cblr-1746 177 14 more more ADV cblr-1746 177 15 sophisticated sophisticated ADJ cblr-1746 177 16 scholarly scholarly ADJ cblr-1746 177 17 account account NOUN cblr-1746 177 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 177 19 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 177 20 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 177 21 may may AUX cblr-1746 177 22 also also ADV cblr-1746 177 23 now now ADV cblr-1746 177 24 serve serve VERB cblr-1746 177 25 as as ADP cblr-1746 177 26 a a DET cblr-1746 177 27 set set NOUN cblr-1746 177 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 177 29 blinders blinder NOUN cblr-1746 177 30 on on ADP cblr-1746 177 31 the the DET cblr-1746 177 32 range range NOUN cblr-1746 177 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 177 34 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 177 35 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 177 36 in in ADP cblr-1746 177 37 representation representation NOUN cblr-1746 177 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 178 1 the the DET cblr-1746 178 2 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 178 3 to to ADP cblr-1746 178 4 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 178 5 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 178 6 suggested suggest VERB cblr-1746 178 7 by by ADP cblr-1746 178 8 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 178 9 drew draw VERB cblr-1746 178 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 178 11 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 178 12 still still ADV cblr-1746 178 13 draws draw VERB cblr-1746 178 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 178 15 exclusively exclusively ADV cblr-1746 178 16 from from ADP cblr-1746 178 17 the the DET cblr-1746 178 18 securities security NOUN cblr-1746 178 19 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 178 20 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 178 21 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 178 22 literature literature NOUN cblr-1746 178 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 178 24 inviting invite VERB cblr-1746 178 25 a a DET cblr-1746 178 26 comparison comparison NOUN cblr-1746 178 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 178 28 the the DET cblr-1746 178 29 extent extent NOUN cblr-1746 178 30 to to PART cblr-1746 178 31 which which PRON cblr-1746 178 32 the the DET cblr-1746 178 33 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 178 34 mechanisms mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 178 35 chosen choose VERB cblr-1746 178 36 in in ADP cblr-1746 178 37 the the DET cblr-1746 178 38 private private ADJ cblr-1746 178 39 domain domain NOUN cblr-1746 178 40 could could AUX cblr-1746 178 41 help help VERB cblr-1746 178 42 overcome overcome VERB cblr-1746 178 43 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 178 44 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 178 45 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 178 46 problems.33 problems.33 PROPN cblr-1746 178 47 alexandra alexandra PROPN cblr-1746 179 1 lahav lahav ADP cblr-1746 179 2 remarked remark VERB cblr-1746 179 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 179 4 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 179 5 [ [ X cblr-1746 179 6 o]ne o]ne NOUN cblr-1746 179 7 might might AUX cblr-1746 179 8 ask ask VERB cblr-1746 179 9 why why SCONJ cblr-1746 179 10 we we PRON cblr-1746 179 11 should should AUX cblr-1746 179 12 care care VERB cblr-1746 179 13 about about ADP cblr-1746 179 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 179 15 action action NOUN cblr-1746 179 16 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 179 17 at at ADV cblr-1746 179 18 all all ADV cblr-1746 179 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 180 1 scholars scholar NOUN cblr-1746 180 2 viewing view VERB cblr-1746 180 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 180 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 180 5 from from ADP cblr-1746 180 6 an an DET cblr-1746 180 7 economic economic ADJ cblr-1746 180 8 perspective perspective NOUN cblr-1746 180 9 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 180 10 view view VERB cblr-1746 180 11 the the DET cblr-1746 180 12 central central ADJ cblr-1746 180 13 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 180 14 in in ADP cblr-1746 180 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 180 16 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 180 17 to to PART cblr-1746 180 18 be be AUX cblr-1746 180 19 an an DET cblr-1746 180 20 agentprincipal agentprincipal NOUN cblr-1746 180 21 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 180 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 180 23 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 180 24 have have VERB cblr-1746 180 25 a a DET cblr-1746 180 26 correspondingly correspondingly ADV cblr-1746 180 27 narrow narrow ADJ cblr-1746 180 28 view view NOUN cblr-1746 180 29 of of ADP cblr-1746 180 30 the the DET cblr-1746 180 31 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 180 32 regime regime NOUN cblr-1746 180 33 required require VERB cblr-1746 180 34 to to PART cblr-1746 180 35 resolve resolve VERB cblr-1746 180 36 it it PRON cblr-1746 180 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 181 1 ”34 ”34 PROPN cblr-1746 181 2 b. b. PROPN cblr-1746 181 3 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 181 4 on on ADP cblr-1746 181 5 the the DET cblr-1746 181 6 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 181 7 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 181 8 regularly regularly ADV cblr-1746 181 9 embrace embrace VERB cblr-1746 181 10 the the DET cblr-1746 181 11 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 181 12 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 181 13 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 181 14 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 181 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 181 16 sometimes sometimes ADV cblr-1746 181 17 explicitly explicitly ADV cblr-1746 181 18 so so ADV cblr-1746 181 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 182 1 this this PRON cblr-1746 182 2 spillover spillover VERB cblr-1746 182 3 from from ADP cblr-1746 182 4 scholarship scholarship NOUN cblr-1746 182 5 to to ADP cblr-1746 182 6 the the DET cblr-1746 182 7 courthouse courthouse NOUN cblr-1746 182 8 manifests manifest NOUN cblr-1746 182 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 182 10 two two NUM cblr-1746 182 11 tracts tract NOUN cblr-1746 182 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 182 13 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 182 14 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 182 15 first first ADV cblr-1746 182 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 182 17 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 182 18 aggressively aggressively ADV cblr-1746 182 19 regulate regulate VERB cblr-1746 182 20 the the DET cblr-1746 182 21 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 182 22 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 182 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 182 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 182 25 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 182 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 182 27 principally principally ADV cblr-1746 182 28 to to PART cblr-1746 182 29 resolve resolve VERB cblr-1746 182 30 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 182 31 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 182 32 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 182 33 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 182 34 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 182 35 second second X cblr-1746 182 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 182 37 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 182 38 aggressively aggressively ADV cblr-1746 182 39 police police VERB cblr-1746 182 40 the the DET cblr-1746 182 41 external external ADJ cblr-1746 182 42 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 182 43 of of ADP cblr-1746 182 44 class class NOUN cblr-1746 182 45 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 182 46 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 182 47 ostensibly ostensibly ADV cblr-1746 182 48 to to PART cblr-1746 182 49 address address VERB cblr-1746 182 50 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 182 51 monitoring monitor VERB cblr-1746 182 52 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 182 53 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 182 54 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 183 1 1 1 X cblr-1746 183 2 . . X cblr-1746 183 3 regulating regulate VERB cblr-1746 183 4 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 183 5 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 183 6 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 183 7 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 183 8 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 183 9 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 183 10 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 183 11 devotes devote VERB cblr-1746 183 12 significant significant ADJ cblr-1746 183 13 attention attention NOUN cblr-1746 183 14 to to ADP cblr-1746 183 15 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 183 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 184 1 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 184 2 23(g 23(g NUM cblr-1746 184 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 184 4 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 184 5 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 184 6 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 184 7 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 184 8 may may AUX cblr-1746 184 9 order order VERB cblr-1746 184 10 potential potential ADJ cblr-1746 184 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 184 12 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 184 13 to to PART cblr-1746 184 14 provide provide VERB cblr-1746 184 15 information information NOUN cblr-1746 184 16 on on ADP cblr-1746 184 17 any any DET cblr-1746 184 18 subject subject NOUN cblr-1746 184 19 pertinent pertinent NOUN cblr-1746 184 20 to to ADP cblr-1746 184 21 the the DET cblr-1746 184 22 appointment appointment NOUN cblr-1746 184 23 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 184 24 to to PART cblr-1746 184 25 propose propose VERB cblr-1746 184 26 terms term NOUN cblr-1746 184 27 for for ADP cblr-1746 184 28 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 184 29 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 184 30 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 184 31 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 184 32 nontaxable nontaxable ADJ cblr-1746 184 33 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 184 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 185 1 ”35 ”35 NOUN cblr-1746 185 2 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 185 3 23(h 23(h NUM cblr-1746 185 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 185 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 185 6 which which PRON cblr-1746 185 7 explicitly explicitly ADV cblr-1746 185 8 concerns concern VERB cblr-1746 185 9 33 33 NUM cblr-1746 185 10 issacharoff issacharoff NOUN cblr-1746 185 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 185 12 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 185 13 note note PROPN cblr-1746 185 14 29 29 NUM cblr-1746 185 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 185 16 at at ADP cblr-1746 185 17 3185 3185 NUM cblr-1746 185 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 186 1 34 34 NUM cblr-1746 186 2 alexandra alexandra PROPN cblr-1746 186 3 lahav lahav NOUN cblr-1746 186 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 186 5 fundamental fundamental ADJ cblr-1746 186 6 principles principle NOUN cblr-1746 186 7 for for ADP cblr-1746 186 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 186 9 action action NOUN cblr-1746 186 10 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 186 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 186 12 37 37 NUM cblr-1746 186 13 ind ind NOUN cblr-1746 186 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 187 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 187 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 187 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 187 4 65 65 NUM cblr-1746 187 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 187 6 72 72 NUM cblr-1746 187 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 187 8 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 187 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 187 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 188 1 35 35 NUM cblr-1746 188 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 188 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 189 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 189 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 189 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 190 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 190 2 23(g)(1)(c 23(g)(1)(c NUM cblr-1746 190 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 190 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 191 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 191 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 191 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 191 4 752 752 NUM cblr-1746 191 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 191 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 191 7 law law NOUN cblr-1746 191 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 192 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 192 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 192 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 192 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 192 5 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 192 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 192 7 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 192 8 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 192 9 with with ADP cblr-1746 192 10 several several ADJ cblr-1746 192 11 mechanisms mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 192 12 for for ADP cblr-1746 192 13 evaluating evaluate VERB cblr-1746 192 14 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 192 15 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 192 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 192 17 from from ADP cblr-1746 192 18 mandatory mandatory ADJ cblr-1746 192 19 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 192 20 to to PART cblr-1746 192 21 objectors36 objectors36 NOUN cblr-1746 192 22 to to PART cblr-1746 192 23 review review VERB cblr-1746 192 24 hearings.37 hearings.37 PROPN cblr-1746 192 25 these these DET cblr-1746 192 26 provisions provision NOUN cblr-1746 192 27 are be AUX cblr-1746 192 28 intended intend VERB cblr-1746 192 29 to to PART cblr-1746 192 30 address address VERB cblr-1746 192 31 the the DET cblr-1746 192 32 particular particular ADJ cblr-1746 192 33 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 192 34 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 192 35 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 192 36 dynamic dynamic NOUN cblr-1746 192 37 that that PRON cblr-1746 192 38 attends attend VERB cblr-1746 192 39 to to ADP cblr-1746 192 40 determining determine VERB cblr-1746 192 41 the the DET cblr-1746 192 42 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 192 43 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 192 44 compensation.38 compensation.38 NOUN cblr-1746 192 45 the the DET cblr-1746 192 46 advisory advisory ADJ cblr-1746 192 47 committee committee NOUN cblr-1746 192 48 was be AUX cblr-1746 192 49 careful careful ADJ cblr-1746 192 50 to to PART cblr-1746 192 51 note note VERB cblr-1746 192 52 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 192 53 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 192 54 [ [ X cblr-1746 192 55 a]ctive a]ctive ADJ cblr-1746 192 56 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 192 57 involvement involvement NOUN cblr-1746 192 58 in in ADP cblr-1746 192 59 measuring measure VERB cblr-1746 192 60 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 192 61 awards award NOUN cblr-1746 192 62 is be AUX cblr-1746 192 63 singularly singularly ADV cblr-1746 192 64 important important ADJ cblr-1746 192 65 to to ADP cblr-1746 192 66 the the DET cblr-1746 192 67 proper proper ADJ cblr-1746 192 68 operation operation NOUN cblr-1746 192 69 of of ADP cblr-1746 192 70 the the DET cblr-1746 192 71 class class NOUN cblr-1746 192 72 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 192 73 action action NOUN cblr-1746 192 74 process,”39 process,”39 NOUN cblr-1746 193 1 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 193 2 it it PRON cblr-1746 193 3 assigned assign VERB cblr-1746 193 4 judges judge NOUN cblr-1746 193 5 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 193 6 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 193 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 193 8 executing execute VERB cblr-1746 193 9 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 193 10 role.40 role.40 NOUN cblr-1746 193 11 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 193 12 have have AUX cblr-1746 193 13 not not PART cblr-1746 193 14 shied shy VERB cblr-1746 193 15 from from ADP cblr-1746 193 16 the the DET cblr-1746 193 17 moment moment NOUN cblr-1746 193 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 193 19 applying apply VERB cblr-1746 193 20 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 193 21 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 193 22 to to ADP cblr-1746 193 23 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 193 24 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 193 25 fees,41 fees,41 PROPN cblr-1746 193 26 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 193 27 at at ADP cblr-1746 193 28 times time NOUN cblr-1746 193 29 explicitly explicitly ADV cblr-1746 193 30 clarifying clarify VERB cblr-1746 193 31 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 193 32 the the DET cblr-1746 193 33 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 193 34 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 193 35 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 193 36 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 193 37 motivates motivate VERB cblr-1746 193 38 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 193 39 scrutiny.42 scrutiny.42 NOUN cblr-1746 193 40 for for ADP cblr-1746 193 41 example example NOUN cblr-1746 193 42 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 193 43 the the DET cblr-1746 193 44 court court NOUN cblr-1746 193 45 of of ADP cblr-1746 193 46 appeals appeal NOUN cblr-1746 193 47 for for ADP cblr-1746 193 48 the the DET cblr-1746 193 49 third third ADJ cblr-1746 193 50 circuit circuit NOUN cblr-1746 193 51 has have AUX cblr-1746 193 52 remarked remark VERB cblr-1746 193 53 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 193 54 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 193 55 the the DET cblr-1746 193 56 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 193 57 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 193 58 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 193 59 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 193 60 endemic endemic ADJ cblr-1746 193 61 to to ADP cblr-1746 193 62 class class NOUN cblr-1746 193 63 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 193 64 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 193 65 can can AUX cblr-1746 193 66 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 193 67 [ [ X cblr-1746 193 68 create create VERB cblr-1746 193 69 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 193 70 a a DET cblr-1746 193 71 situation situation NOUN cblr-1746 193 72 36 36 NUM cblr-1746 193 73 see see VERB cblr-1746 193 74 edward edward PROPN cblr-1746 193 75 brunet brunet PROPN cblr-1746 193 76 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 193 77 class class NOUN cblr-1746 193 78 action action NOUN cblr-1746 193 79 objectors objector NOUN cblr-1746 193 80 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 193 81 extortionist extortionist NOUN cblr-1746 193 82 free free ADJ cblr-1746 193 83 riders rider NOUN cblr-1746 193 84 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 193 85 fairness fairness NOUN cblr-1746 193 86 guarantors guarantor NOUN cblr-1746 193 87 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 193 88 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 193 89 u. u. PROPN cblr-1746 193 90 chi chi PROPN cblr-1746 193 91 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 194 1 legal legal ADJ cblr-1746 194 2 f. f. PROPN cblr-1746 194 3 403 403 NUM cblr-1746 194 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 194 5 408–09 408–09 NUM cblr-1746 194 6 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 194 7 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 194 8 by by ADP cblr-1746 194 9 definition definition NOUN cblr-1746 194 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 194 11 the the DET cblr-1746 194 12 objector objector NOUN cblr-1746 194 13 is be AUX cblr-1746 194 14 a a DET cblr-1746 194 15 monitor monitor NOUN cblr-1746 194 16 [ [ X cblr-1746 194 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 194 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 194 19 member member NOUN cblr-1746 194 20 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 194 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 194 22 who who PRON cblr-1746 194 23 is be AUX cblr-1746 194 24 evaluating evaluate VERB cblr-1746 194 25 a a DET cblr-1746 194 26 proposed propose VERB cblr-1746 194 27 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 194 28 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 194 29 then then ADV cblr-1746 194 30 investing invest VERB cblr-1746 194 31 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 194 32 to to PART cblr-1746 194 33 either either CCONJ cblr-1746 194 34 improve improve VERB cblr-1746 194 35 the the DET cblr-1746 194 36 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 194 37 terms term NOUN cblr-1746 194 38 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 194 39 reject reject VERB cblr-1746 194 40 the the DET cblr-1746 194 41 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 194 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 194 43 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 194 44 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 194 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 195 1 objectors objector NOUN cblr-1746 195 2 create create VERB cblr-1746 195 3 an an DET cblr-1746 195 4 adversary adversary NOUN cblr-1746 195 5 contest contest NOUN cblr-1746 195 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 195 7 usually usually ADV cblr-1746 195 8 regarding regard VERB cblr-1746 195 9 the the DET cblr-1746 195 10 difficult difficult ADJ cblr-1746 195 11 process process NOUN cblr-1746 195 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 195 13 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 195 14 approval approval NOUN cblr-1746 195 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 195 16 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 195 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 195 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 196 1 37 37 NUM cblr-1746 196 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 196 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 197 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 197 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 197 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 198 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 198 2 23(h)(3 23(h)(3 NUM cblr-1746 198 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 198 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 199 1 38 38 NUM cblr-1746 199 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 199 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 200 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 200 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 200 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 201 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 201 2 23(h 23(h NUM cblr-1746 201 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 201 4 advisory advisory ADJ cblr-1746 201 5 committee committee NOUN cblr-1746 201 6 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 201 7 note note NOUN cblr-1746 201 8 to to ADP cblr-1746 201 9 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 201 10 adoption adoption NOUN cblr-1746 201 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 201 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 201 13 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 201 14 awards award NOUN cblr-1746 201 15 are be AUX cblr-1746 201 16 a a DET cblr-1746 201 17 powerful powerful ADJ cblr-1746 201 18 influence influence NOUN cblr-1746 201 19 on on ADP cblr-1746 201 20 the the DET cblr-1746 201 21 way way NOUN cblr-1746 201 22 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 201 23 initiate initiate VERB cblr-1746 201 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 201 25 develop develop VERB cblr-1746 201 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 201 27 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 201 28 conclude conclude VERB cblr-1746 201 29 class class NOUN cblr-1746 201 30 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 201 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 201 32 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 201 33 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 201 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 202 1 39 39 NUM cblr-1746 203 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 203 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 203 3 40 40 NUM cblr-1746 203 4 see see VERB cblr-1746 203 5 i i PROPN cblr-1746 203 6 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 203 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 203 8 stating state VERB cblr-1746 203 9 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 203 10 the the DET cblr-1746 203 11 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 203 12 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 203 13 does do AUX cblr-1746 203 14 not not PART cblr-1746 203 15 attempt attempt VERB cblr-1746 203 16 to to PART cblr-1746 203 17 resolve resolve VERB cblr-1746 203 18 the the DET cblr-1746 203 19 question question NOUN cblr-1746 203 20 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 203 21 the the DET cblr-1746 203 22 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 203 23 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 203 24 percentage percentage NOUN cblr-1746 203 25 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 203 26 should should AUX cblr-1746 203 27 be be AUX cblr-1746 203 28 viewed view VERB cblr-1746 203 29 as as ADP cblr-1746 203 30 preferable preferable ADJ cblr-1746 203 31 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 203 32 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 203 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 204 1 41 41 NUM cblr-1746 204 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 204 3 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 204 4 vaughn vaughn PROPN cblr-1746 204 5 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 204 6 walker walker PROPN cblr-1746 204 7 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 204 8 ben ben PROPN cblr-1746 204 9 horwich horwich PROPN cblr-1746 204 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 204 11 the the DET cblr-1746 204 12 ethical ethical ADJ cblr-1746 204 13 imperative imperative NOUN cblr-1746 204 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 204 15 a a DET cblr-1746 204 16 lodestar lodestar ADJ cblr-1746 204 17 cross cross NOUN cblr-1746 204 18 - - NOUN cblr-1746 204 19 check check NOUN cblr-1746 204 20 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 204 21 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 204 22 misgivings misgiving NOUN cblr-1746 204 23 about about ADP cblr-1746 204 24 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 204 25 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 204 26 percentage percentage NOUN cblr-1746 204 27 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 204 28 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 204 29 in in ADP cblr-1746 204 30 common common ADJ cblr-1746 204 31 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 204 32 cases case NOUN cblr-1746 204 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 204 34 18 18 NUM cblr-1746 204 35 geo geo PROPN cblr-1746 204 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 204 37 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 205 1 legal legal ADJ cblr-1746 205 2 ethics ethic NOUN cblr-1746 205 3 1453 1453 NUM cblr-1746 205 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 205 5 2005 2005 NUM cblr-1746 205 6 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 205 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 206 1 42 42 NUM cblr-1746 206 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 206 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 206 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 206 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 206 6 dechert dechert NOUN cblr-1746 206 7 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 206 8 cadle cadle PROPN cblr-1746 206 9 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 206 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 206 11 333 333 NUM cblr-1746 206 12 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 206 13 801 801 NUM cblr-1746 206 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 206 15 803 803 NUM cblr-1746 206 16 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 206 17 7th 7th ADJ cblr-1746 206 18 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 206 19 . . PROPN cblr-1746 206 20 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 206 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 206 22 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 206 23 posner posner NOUN cblr-1746 206 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 206 25 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 206 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 206 27 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 206 28 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 206 29 in in ADP cblr-1746 206 30 the the DET cblr-1746 206 31 usual usual ADJ cblr-1746 206 32 class class NOUN cblr-1746 206 33 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 206 34 action action NOUN cblr-1746 206 35 case case NOUN cblr-1746 206 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 206 37 in in ADP cblr-1746 206 38 which which PRON cblr-1746 206 39 the the DET cblr-1746 206 40 class class NOUN cblr-1746 206 41 representative representative NOUN cblr-1746 206 42 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 206 43 stake stake NOUN cblr-1746 206 44 is be AUX cblr-1746 206 45 so so ADV cblr-1746 206 46 small small ADJ cblr-1746 206 47 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 206 48 as as ADP cblr-1746 206 49 a a DET cblr-1746 206 50 practical practical ADJ cblr-1746 206 51 matter matter NOUN cblr-1746 206 52 the the DET cblr-1746 206 53 lawyer lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 206 54 for for ADP cblr-1746 206 55 the the DET cblr-1746 206 56 class class NOUN cblr-1746 206 57 completely completely ADV cblr-1746 206 58 controls control VERB cblr-1746 206 59 the the DET cblr-1746 206 60 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 206 61 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 206 62 there there PRON cblr-1746 206 63 is be VERB cblr-1746 206 64 a a DET cblr-1746 206 65 danger danger NOUN cblr-1746 206 66 remarked remark VERB cblr-1746 206 67 in in ADP cblr-1746 206 68 numerous numerous ADJ cblr-1746 206 69 cases case NOUN cblr-1746 206 70 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 206 71 the the DET cblr-1746 206 72 lawyer lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 206 73 will will AUX cblr-1746 206 74 negotiate negotiate VERB cblr-1746 206 75 a a DET cblr-1746 206 76 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 206 77 with with ADP cblr-1746 206 78 the the DET cblr-1746 206 79 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 206 80 that that PRON cblr-1746 206 81 gives give VERB cblr-1746 206 82 the the DET cblr-1746 206 83 lawyer lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 206 84 a a DET cblr-1746 206 85 large large ADJ cblr-1746 206 86 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 206 87 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 206 88 the the DET cblr-1746 206 89 class class NOUN cblr-1746 206 90 a a DET cblr-1746 206 91 meager meager ADJ cblr-1746 206 92 recovery recovery NOUN cblr-1746 206 93 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 206 94 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 206 95 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 206 96 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 207 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 207 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 207 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 207 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 207 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 208 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 208 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 208 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 208 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 208 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 208 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 208 7 753 753 NUM cblr-1746 208 8 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 208 9 the the DET cblr-1746 208 10 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 208 11 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 208 12 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 208 13 [ [ X cblr-1746 208 14 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 208 15 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 208 16 can can AUX cblr-1746 208 17 collusively collusively ADV cblr-1746 208 18 settle settle VERB cblr-1746 208 19 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 208 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 208 21 a a DET cblr-1746 208 22 manner manner NOUN cblr-1746 208 23 that that PRON cblr-1746 208 24 is be AUX cblr-1746 208 25 adverse adverse ADJ cblr-1746 208 26 to to ADP cblr-1746 208 27 the the DET cblr-1746 208 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 208 29 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 208 30 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 208 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 209 1 ”43 ”43 ADJ cblr-1746 209 2 several several ADJ cblr-1746 209 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 209 4 have have AUX cblr-1746 209 5 even even ADV cblr-1746 209 6 explicitly explicitly ADV cblr-1746 209 7 tied tie VERB cblr-1746 209 8 similar similar ADJ cblr-1746 209 9 misgivings misgiving NOUN cblr-1746 209 10 to to ADP cblr-1746 209 11 the the DET cblr-1746 209 12 work work NOUN cblr-1746 209 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 209 14 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 209 15 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 209 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 209 17 others.44 others.44 NOUN cblr-1746 209 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 209 19 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 209 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 209 21 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 209 22 address address VERB cblr-1746 209 23 the the DET cblr-1746 209 24 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 209 25 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 209 26 by by ADP cblr-1746 209 27 implementing implement VERB cblr-1746 209 28 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 209 29 structures structure NOUN cblr-1746 209 30 that that PRON cblr-1746 209 31 aim aim VERB cblr-1746 209 32 to to PART cblr-1746 209 33 mitigate mitigate VERB cblr-1746 209 34 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 209 35 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 209 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 210 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 210 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 210 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 210 4 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 210 5 have have AUX cblr-1746 210 6 largely largely ADV cblr-1746 210 7 rejected reject VERB cblr-1746 210 8 the the DET cblr-1746 210 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 210 10 pure pure ADJ cblr-1746 210 11 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 210 12 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 210 13 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 210 14 to to ADP cblr-1746 210 15 calculating calculate VERB cblr-1746 210 16 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 210 17 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 210 18 a a DET cblr-1746 210 19 method method NOUN cblr-1746 210 20 by by ADP cblr-1746 210 21 which which PRON cblr-1746 210 22 the the DET cblr-1746 210 23 court court NOUN cblr-1746 210 24 calculates calculate VERB cblr-1746 210 25 the the DET cblr-1746 210 26 hours hour NOUN cblr-1746 210 27 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 210 28 reasonably reasonably ADV cblr-1746 210 29 expended expend VERB cblr-1746 210 30 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 210 31 by by ADP cblr-1746 210 32 class class NOUN cblr-1746 210 33 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 210 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 210 35 multiplies multiply VERB cblr-1746 210 36 those those DET cblr-1746 210 37 hours hour NOUN cblr-1746 210 38 by by ADP cblr-1746 210 39 a a DET cblr-1746 210 40 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 210 41 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 210 42 hourly hourly ADJ cblr-1746 210 43 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 210 44 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 210 45 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 210 46 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 210 47 then then ADV cblr-1746 210 48 has have VERB cblr-1746 210 49 the the DET cblr-1746 210 50 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 210 51 to to PART cblr-1746 210 52 increase increase VERB cblr-1746 210 53 that that DET cblr-1746 210 54 amount amount NOUN cblr-1746 210 55 by by ADP cblr-1746 210 56 a a DET cblr-1746 210 57 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 210 58 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 210 59 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 210 60 enhancement enhancement NOUN cblr-1746 210 61 multiple.45 multiple.45 NOUN cblr-1746 210 62 prior prior ADV cblr-1746 210 63 to to ADP cblr-1746 210 64 the the DET cblr-1746 210 65 rise rise NOUN cblr-1746 210 66 of of ADP cblr-1746 210 67 the the DET cblr-1746 210 68 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 210 69 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 210 70 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 210 71 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 210 72 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 210 73 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 210 74 often often ADV cblr-1746 210 75 approved approve VERB cblr-1746 210 76 this this DET cblr-1746 210 77 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 210 78 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 210 79 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 210 80 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 210 81 treated treat VERB cblr-1746 210 82 an an DET cblr-1746 210 83 enhancement enhancement NOUN cblr-1746 210 84 multiple multiple NOUN cblr-1746 210 85 of of ADP cblr-1746 210 86 four four NUM cblr-1746 210 87 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 210 88 five five NUM cblr-1746 210 89 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 210 90 reasonable.46 reasonable.46 PROPN cblr-1746 210 91 over over ADP cblr-1746 210 92 time time NOUN cblr-1746 210 93 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 210 94 however however ADV cblr-1746 210 95 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 210 96 the the DET cblr-1746 210 97 pure pure ADJ cblr-1746 210 98 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 210 99 fell fall VERB cblr-1746 210 100 into into ADP cblr-1746 210 101 disfavor disfavor NOUN cblr-1746 210 102 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 210 103 in in ADP cblr-1746 210 104 part part NOUN cblr-1746 210 105 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 210 106 of of ADP cblr-1746 210 107 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 210 108 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 210 109 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 210 110 concerns concern NOUN cblr-1746 210 111 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 210 112 one one NUM cblr-1746 210 113 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 210 114 task task NOUN cblr-1746 210 115 force force NOUN cblr-1746 210 116 assigned assign VERB cblr-1746 210 117 to to PART cblr-1746 210 118 evaluate evaluate VERB cblr-1746 210 119 the the DET cblr-1746 210 120 model model NOUN cblr-1746 210 121 found find VERB cblr-1746 210 122 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 210 123 it it PRON cblr-1746 210 124 provided provide VERB cblr-1746 210 125 poorly poorly ADV cblr-1746 210 126 monitored monitor VERB cblr-1746 210 127 class class NOUN cblr-1746 210 128 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 210 129 with with ADP cblr-1746 210 130 an an DET cblr-1746 210 131 incentive incentive NOUN cblr-1746 210 132 to to PART cblr-1746 210 133 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 210 134 pad pad NOUN cblr-1746 210 135 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 210 136 expenses.47 expenses.47 PROPN cblr-1746 210 137 43 43 NUM cblr-1746 210 138 in in ADP cblr-1746 210 139 re re PROPN cblr-1746 210 140 general general PROPN cblr-1746 210 141 motors motors PROPN cblr-1746 210 142 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 210 143 . . PROPN cblr-1746 210 144 pick pick PROPN cblr-1746 210 145 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 210 146 up up ADP cblr-1746 210 147 truck truck NOUN cblr-1746 210 148 fuel fuel NOUN cblr-1746 210 149 tank tank NOUN cblr-1746 210 150 prods prod VERB cblr-1746 210 151 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 211 1 liab liab PROPN cblr-1746 211 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 212 1 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 212 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 213 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 213 2 55 55 NUM cblr-1746 213 3 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 213 4 768 768 NUM cblr-1746 213 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 213 6 802 802 NUM cblr-1746 213 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 213 8 3d 3d PROPN cblr-1746 213 9 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 213 10 . . PROPN cblr-1746 213 11 1995 1995 NUM cblr-1746 213 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 213 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 213 14 citing cite VERB cblr-1746 213 15 john john PROPN cblr-1746 213 16 c. c. PROPN cblr-1746 213 17 coffee coffee PROPN cblr-1746 213 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 213 19 jr jr PROPN cblr-1746 213 20 . . PROPN cblr-1746 213 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 213 22 understanding understand VERB cblr-1746 213 23 the the DET cblr-1746 213 24 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 213 25 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 213 26 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 213 27 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 213 28 the the DET cblr-1746 213 29 implications implication NOUN cblr-1746 213 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 213 31 economic economic ADJ cblr-1746 213 32 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 213 33 for for ADP cblr-1746 213 34 private private ADJ cblr-1746 213 35 enforcement enforcement NOUN cblr-1746 213 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 213 37 law law NOUN cblr-1746 213 38 through through ADP cblr-1746 213 39 class class NOUN cblr-1746 213 40 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 213 41 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 213 42 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 213 43 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 213 44 86 86 NUM cblr-1746 213 45 colum colum NOUN cblr-1746 213 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 214 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 214 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 214 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 215 1 669 669 NUM cblr-1746 215 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 215 3 1986 1986 NUM cblr-1746 215 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 215 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 215 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 216 1 44 44 NUM cblr-1746 216 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 216 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 216 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 216 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 216 6 i i PROPN cblr-1746 216 7 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 216 8 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 216 9 polar polar VERB cblr-1746 216 10 int’l int’l NUM cblr-1746 216 11 brokerage brokerage PROPN cblr-1746 216 12 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 216 13 . . PROPN cblr-1746 217 1 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 217 2 reeve reeve PROPN cblr-1746 217 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 217 4 187 187 NUM cblr-1746 217 5 f.r.d f.r.d NOUN cblr-1746 217 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 217 7 108 108 NUM cblr-1746 217 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 217 9 118–19 118–19 NUM cblr-1746 217 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 217 11 s.d.n.y s.d.n.y PROPN cblr-1746 217 12 . . NOUN cblr-1746 217 13 1999 1999 NUM cblr-1746 217 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 217 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 217 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 217 17 many many ADJ cblr-1746 217 18 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 217 19 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 217 20 commentators commentator NOUN cblr-1746 217 21 have have AUX cblr-1746 217 22 described describe VERB cblr-1746 217 23 the the DET cblr-1746 217 24 danger danger NOUN cblr-1746 217 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 217 26 a a DET cblr-1746 217 27 conflict conflict NOUN cblr-1746 217 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 217 29 interest interest NOUN cblr-1746 217 30 between between ADP cblr-1746 217 31 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 217 32 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 217 33 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 217 34 in in ADP cblr-1746 217 35 a a DET cblr-1746 217 36 class class NOUN cblr-1746 217 37 action action NOUN cblr-1746 217 38 suit suit NOUN cblr-1746 217 39 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 217 40 their their PRON cblr-1746 217 41 clients client NOUN cblr-1746 217 42 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 217 43 the the DET cblr-1746 217 44 class class NOUN cblr-1746 217 45 members member NOUN cblr-1746 217 46 they they PRON cblr-1746 217 47 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 217 48 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 217 49 namely namely ADV cblr-1746 217 50 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 217 51 the the DET cblr-1746 217 52 temptation temptation NOUN cblr-1746 217 53 of of ADP cblr-1746 217 54 class class NOUN cblr-1746 217 55 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 217 56 to to PART cblr-1746 217 57 sacrifice sacrifice VERB cblr-1746 217 58 procuring procuring NOUN cblr-1746 217 59 value value NOUN cblr-1746 217 60 for for ADP cblr-1746 217 61 the the DET cblr-1746 217 62 class class NOUN cblr-1746 217 63 in in ADP cblr-1746 217 64 exchange exchange NOUN cblr-1746 217 65 for for ADP cblr-1746 217 66 maximizing maximize VERB cblr-1746 217 67 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 217 68 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 217 69 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 217 70 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 217 71 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 217 72 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 217 73 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 218 1 45 45 NUM cblr-1746 218 2 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 218 3 joseph joseph PROPN cblr-1746 218 4 m. m. PROPN cblr-1746 218 5 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 218 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 218 7 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 218 8 on on ADP cblr-1746 218 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 218 10 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 218 11 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 218 12 law law NOUN cblr-1746 218 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 218 14 practice practice VERB cblr-1746 218 15 § § PROPN cblr-1746 218 16 6:24 6:24 NUM cblr-1746 218 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 218 18 13th 13th NOUN cblr-1746 218 19 ed ed NOUN cblr-1746 218 20 . . PROPN cblr-1746 218 21 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 218 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 218 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 219 1 46 46 NUM cblr-1746 219 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 219 3 gilles gille NOUN cblr-1746 219 4 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 219 5 friedman friedman PROPN cblr-1746 219 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 219 7 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 219 8 note note PROPN cblr-1746 219 9 32 32 NUM cblr-1746 219 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 219 11 at at ADP cblr-1746 219 12 140 140 NUM cblr-1746 219 13 n.157 n.157 NOUN cblr-1746 219 14 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 219 15 walker walker PROPN cblr-1746 219 16 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 219 17 horwich horwich PROPN cblr-1746 219 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 219 19 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 219 20 note note PROPN cblr-1746 219 21 41 41 NUM cblr-1746 219 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 219 23 at at ADP cblr-1746 219 24 1472 1472 NUM cblr-1746 219 25 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 219 26 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 219 27 in in ADP cblr-1746 219 28 our our PRON cblr-1746 219 29 informal informal ADJ cblr-1746 219 30 review review NOUN cblr-1746 219 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 219 32 the the DET cblr-1746 219 33 multipliers multiplier NOUN cblr-1746 219 34 ranged range VERB cblr-1746 219 35 from from ADP cblr-1746 219 36 about about ADP cblr-1746 219 37 1.0 1.0 NUM cblr-1746 219 38 to to ADP cblr-1746 219 39 over over ADP cblr-1746 219 40 5.0 5.0 NUM cblr-1746 219 41 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 219 42 with with ADP cblr-1746 219 43 a a DET cblr-1746 219 44 substantial substantial ADJ cblr-1746 219 45 number number NOUN cblr-1746 219 46 of of ADP cblr-1746 219 47 multipliers multiplier NOUN cblr-1746 219 48 in in ADP cblr-1746 219 49 the the DET cblr-1746 219 50 3.0 3.0 NUM cblr-1746 219 51 to to PART cblr-1746 219 52 4.0 4.0 NUM cblr-1746 219 53 range range NOUN cblr-1746 219 54 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 219 55 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 219 56 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 219 57 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 220 1 47 47 NUM cblr-1746 220 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 220 3 court court NOUN cblr-1746 220 4 awarded award VERB cblr-1746 220 5 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 220 6 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 220 7 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 220 8 report report NOUN cblr-1746 220 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 220 10 the the DET cblr-1746 220 11 third third ADJ cblr-1746 220 12 circuit circuit NOUN cblr-1746 220 13 task task NOUN cblr-1746 220 14 force force NOUN cblr-1746 220 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 220 16 108 108 NUM cblr-1746 220 17 f.r.d f.r.d NOUN cblr-1746 220 18 . . PROPN cblr-1746 220 19 237 237 NUM cblr-1746 220 20 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 220 21 1985 1985 NUM cblr-1746 220 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 220 23 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 220 24 see see VERB cblr-1746 220 25 also also ADV cblr-1746 220 26 goldberger goldberger ADJ cblr-1746 220 27 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 220 28 integrated integrate VERB cblr-1746 220 29 res re NOUN cblr-1746 220 30 . . PROPN cblr-1746 220 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 220 32 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 220 33 . . PROPN cblr-1746 220 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 220 35 209 209 NUM cblr-1746 220 36 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 220 37 43 43 NUM cblr-1746 220 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 220 39 48 48 NUM cblr-1746 220 40 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 220 41 2d 2d NUM cblr-1746 220 42 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 220 43 . . PROPN cblr-1746 220 44 2000 2000 NUM cblr-1746 220 45 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 220 46 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 220 47 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 220 48 [ [ X cblr-1746 220 49 d]istrict d]istrict NOUN cblr-1746 220 50 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 220 51 [ [ X cblr-1746 220 52 have have AUX cblr-1746 220 53 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 220 54 found find VERB cblr-1746 220 55 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 220 56 it it PRON cblr-1746 220 57 parkinson parkinson VERB cblr-1746 220 58 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 220 59 final final ADJ cblr-1746 220 60 754 754 NUM cblr-1746 220 61 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 220 62 business business NOUN cblr-1746 220 63 law law NOUN cblr-1746 220 64 review review NOUN cblr-1746 221 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 221 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 221 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 221 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 221 5 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 221 6 now now ADV cblr-1746 221 7 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 221 8 permit permit VERB cblr-1746 221 9 one one NUM cblr-1746 221 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 221 11 two two NUM cblr-1746 221 12 related related ADJ cblr-1746 221 13 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 221 14 structures structure NOUN cblr-1746 221 15 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 221 16 first first ADV cblr-1746 221 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 221 18 the the DET cblr-1746 221 19 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 221 20 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 221 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 221 22 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 221 23 the the DET cblr-1746 221 24 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 221 25 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 221 26 model model NOUN cblr-1746 221 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 221 28 which which DET cblr-1746 221 29 awards award NOUN cblr-1746 221 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 221 31 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 221 32 a a DET cblr-1746 221 33 set set ADJ cblr-1746 221 34 share share NOUN cblr-1746 221 35 of of ADP cblr-1746 221 36 the the DET cblr-1746 221 37 common common ADJ cblr-1746 221 38 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 221 39 obtained obtain VERB cblr-1746 221 40 in in ADP cblr-1746 221 41 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 221 42 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 221 43 following follow VERB cblr-1746 221 44 a a DET cblr-1746 221 45 judgment.48 judgment.48 NOUN cblr-1746 221 46 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 221 47 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 221 48 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 221 49 a a DET cblr-1746 221 50 litany litany NOUN cblr-1746 221 51 of of ADP cblr-1746 221 52 factors factor NOUN cblr-1746 221 53 to to PART cblr-1746 221 54 evaluate evaluate VERB cblr-1746 221 55 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 221 56 a a DET cblr-1746 221 57 percentage percentage NOUN cblr-1746 221 58 is be AUX cblr-1746 221 59 reasonable,49 reasonable,49 NOUN cblr-1746 221 60 awards award NOUN cblr-1746 221 61 often often ADV cblr-1746 221 62 fall fall VERB cblr-1746 221 63 between between ADP cblr-1746 221 64 20 20 NUM cblr-1746 221 65 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 221 66 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 221 67 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 221 68 of of ADP cblr-1746 221 69 the the DET cblr-1746 221 70 fund.50 fund.50 PROPN cblr-1746 221 71 second second NOUN cblr-1746 221 72 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 221 73 the the DET cblr-1746 221 74 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 221 75 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 221 76 crosscheck crosscheck NOUN cblr-1746 221 77 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 221 78 in in ADP cblr-1746 221 79 which which PRON cblr-1746 221 80 the the DET cblr-1746 221 81 court court NOUN cblr-1746 221 82 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 221 83 can can AUX cblr-1746 221 84 use use VERB cblr-1746 221 85 the the DET cblr-1746 221 86 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 221 87 method method NOUN cblr-1746 221 88 to to PART cblr-1746 221 89 confirm confirm VERB cblr-1746 221 90 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 221 91 a a DET cblr-1746 221 92 percentage percentage NOUN cblr-1746 221 93 of of ADP cblr-1746 221 94 recovery recovery NOUN cblr-1746 221 95 amount amount NOUN cblr-1746 221 96 does do AUX cblr-1746 221 97 not not PART cblr-1746 221 98 award award VERB cblr-1746 221 99 counsel counsel VERB cblr-1746 221 100 an an DET cblr-1746 221 101 exorbitant exorbitant ADJ cblr-1746 221 102 hourly hourly ADJ cblr-1746 221 103 rate rate NOUN cblr-1746 221 104 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 222 1 ”51 ”51 PROPN cblr-1746 222 2 this this DET cblr-1746 222 3 second second ADJ cblr-1746 222 4 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 222 5 has have AUX cblr-1746 222 6 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 222 7 been be AUX cblr-1746 222 8 almost almost ADV cblr-1746 222 9 universally universally ADV cblr-1746 222 10 adopted adopt VERB cblr-1746 222 11 by by ADP cblr-1746 222 12 [ [ X cblr-1746 222 13 the the DET cblr-1746 222 14 ] ] X cblr-1746 222 15 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 222 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 223 1 ”52 ”52 PUNCT cblr-1746 223 2 the the DET cblr-1746 223 3 two two NUM cblr-1746 223 4 approaches approach NOUN cblr-1746 223 5 are be AUX cblr-1746 223 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 223 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 223 8 course course NOUN cblr-1746 223 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 223 10 not not PART cblr-1746 223 11 mutually mutually ADV cblr-1746 223 12 exclusive exclusive ADJ cblr-1746 223 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 223 14 the the DET cblr-1746 223 15 latter latter ADJ cblr-1746 223 16 supplementing supplement VERB cblr-1746 223 17 the the DET cblr-1746 223 18 former former NOUN cblr-1746 223 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 224 1 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 224 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 224 3 in in ADP cblr-1746 224 4 both both DET cblr-1746 224 5 regimes regime NOUN cblr-1746 224 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 224 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 224 8 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 224 9 is be AUX cblr-1746 224 10 given give VERB cblr-1746 224 11 an an DET cblr-1746 224 12 award award NOUN cblr-1746 224 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 224 14 is be AUX cblr-1746 224 15 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 224 16 compensated compensate VERB cblr-1746 224 17 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 224 18 for for ADP cblr-1746 224 19 the the DET cblr-1746 224 20 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 224 21 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 224 22 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 224 23 out out ADP cblr-1746 224 24 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 224 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 224 26 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 224 27 pocket pocket NOUN cblr-1746 224 28 expenses expense NOUN cblr-1746 224 29 incurred incur VERB cblr-1746 224 30 in in ADP cblr-1746 224 31 prosecuting prosecute VERB cblr-1746 224 32 the the DET cblr-1746 224 33 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 224 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 224 35 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 224 36 including include VERB cblr-1746 224 37 many many ADJ cblr-1746 224 38 discovery discovery NOUN cblr-1746 224 39 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 224 40 related relate VERB cblr-1746 224 41 expenses.53 expenses.53 NOUN cblr-1746 224 42 created create VERB cblr-1746 224 43 a a DET cblr-1746 224 44 temptation temptation NOUN cblr-1746 224 45 for for SCONJ cblr-1746 224 46 lawyers lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 224 47 to to PART cblr-1746 224 48 run run VERB cblr-1746 224 49 up up ADP cblr-1746 224 50 the the DET cblr-1746 224 51 number number NOUN cblr-1746 224 52 of of ADP cblr-1746 224 53 hours hour NOUN cblr-1746 224 54 for for ADP cblr-1746 224 55 which which PRON cblr-1746 224 56 they they PRON cblr-1746 224 57 could could AUX cblr-1746 224 58 be be AUX cblr-1746 224 59 paid pay VERB cblr-1746 224 60 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 224 61 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 224 62 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 224 63 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 224 64 in in ADP cblr-1746 224 65 re re ADP cblr-1746 224 66 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 224 67 orange orange PROPN cblr-1746 224 68 prod prod PROPN cblr-1746 224 69 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 225 1 liab liab PROPN cblr-1746 225 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 226 1 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 226 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 227 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 227 2 611 611 NUM cblr-1746 227 3 f. f. PROPN cblr-1746 227 4 supp supp PROPN cblr-1746 227 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 228 1 1296 1296 NUM cblr-1746 228 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 228 3 1306 1306 NUM cblr-1746 228 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 228 5 e.d.n.y e.d.n.y PROPN cblr-1746 228 6 . . NOUN cblr-1746 228 7 1985 1985 NUM cblr-1746 228 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 229 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 229 2 stating state VERB cblr-1746 229 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 229 4 the the DET cblr-1746 229 5 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 229 6 method method NOUN cblr-1746 229 7 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 229 8 tends tend VERB cblr-1746 229 9 to to PART cblr-1746 229 10 encourage encourage VERB cblr-1746 229 11 excess excess ADJ cblr-1746 229 12 discovery discovery NOUN cblr-1746 229 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 229 14 delays delay NOUN cblr-1746 229 15 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 229 16 late late ADJ cblr-1746 229 17 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 229 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 229 19 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 229 20 it it PRON cblr-1746 229 21 discourages discourage VERB cblr-1746 229 22 rapid rapid ADJ cblr-1746 229 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 229 24 efficient efficient ADJ cblr-1746 229 25 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 229 26 cheaper cheap ADJ cblr-1746 229 27 resolution resolution NOUN cblr-1746 229 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 229 29 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 229 30 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 229 31 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 229 32 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 230 1 48 48 NUM cblr-1746 230 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 230 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 230 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 230 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 230 6 camden camden PROPN cblr-1746 230 7 i i PRON cblr-1746 230 8 condo condo VERB cblr-1746 230 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 231 1 ass’n ass’n PROPN cblr-1746 231 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 231 3 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 231 4 . . PROPN cblr-1746 232 1 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 232 2 dunkle dunkle PROPN cblr-1746 232 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 232 4 946 946 NUM cblr-1746 232 5 f.2d f.2d NOUN cblr-1746 232 6 768 768 NUM cblr-1746 232 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 232 8 774 774 NUM cblr-1746 232 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 232 10 11th 11th ADJ cblr-1746 232 11 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 232 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 232 13 1991 1991 NUM cblr-1746 232 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 233 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 233 2 holding hold VERB cblr-1746 233 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 233 4 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 233 5 in in ADP cblr-1746 233 6 this this DET cblr-1746 233 7 circuit circuit NOUN cblr-1746 233 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 233 9 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 233 10 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 233 11 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 233 12 awarded award VERB cblr-1746 233 13 from from ADP cblr-1746 233 14 a a DET cblr-1746 233 15 common common ADJ cblr-1746 233 16 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 233 17 shall shall AUX cblr-1746 233 18 be be AUX cblr-1746 233 19 based base VERB cblr-1746 233 20 upon upon SCONJ cblr-1746 233 21 a a DET cblr-1746 233 22 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 233 23 percentage percentage NOUN cblr-1746 233 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 233 25 the the DET cblr-1746 233 26 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 233 27 established establish VERB cblr-1746 233 28 for for ADP cblr-1746 233 29 the the DET cblr-1746 233 30 benefit benefit NOUN cblr-1746 233 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 233 32 the the DET cblr-1746 233 33 class class NOUN cblr-1746 233 34 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 233 35 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 233 36 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 233 37 swedish swedish PROPN cblr-1746 233 38 hosp hosp PROPN cblr-1746 233 39 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 234 1 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 234 2 . . PROPN cblr-1746 234 3 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 234 4 shalala shalala PROPN cblr-1746 234 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 234 6 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 234 7 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 234 8 1261 1261 NUM cblr-1746 234 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 234 10 1272 1272 NUM cblr-1746 234 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 234 12 d.c d.c PROPN cblr-1746 234 13 . . PROPN cblr-1746 234 14 cir cir PROPN cblr-1746 234 15 . . PROPN cblr-1746 234 16 1993 1993 NUM cblr-1746 234 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 234 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 234 19 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 234 20 [ [ X cblr-1746 234 21 w]e w]e NOUN cblr-1746 234 22 conclude conclude VERB cblr-1746 234 23 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 234 24 percentage percentage NOUN cblr-1746 234 25 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 234 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 234 27 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 234 28 thefund thefund NOUN cblr-1746 234 29 is be AUX cblr-1746 234 30 the the DET cblr-1746 234 31 proper proper ADJ cblr-1746 234 32 method method NOUN cblr-1746 234 33 for for ADP cblr-1746 234 34 calculating calculate VERB cblr-1746 234 35 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 234 36 in in ADP cblr-1746 234 37 a a DET cblr-1746 234 38 common common ADJ cblr-1746 234 39 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 234 40 case case NOUN cblr-1746 234 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 234 42 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 234 43 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 234 44 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 234 45 brown brown PROPN cblr-1746 234 46 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 234 47 phillips phillips PROPN cblr-1746 234 48 petroleum petroleum PROPN cblr-1746 234 49 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 234 50 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 234 51 838 838 NUM cblr-1746 234 52 f.2d f.2d NUM cblr-1746 234 53 451 451 NUM cblr-1746 234 54 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 234 55 454 454 NUM cblr-1746 234 56 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 234 57 10th 10th ADJ cblr-1746 234 58 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 234 59 . . PROPN cblr-1746 234 60 1988 1988 NUM cblr-1746 234 61 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 234 62 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 234 63 citing cite VERB cblr-1746 234 64 blum blum PROPN cblr-1746 234 65 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 234 66 stenson stenson PROPN cblr-1746 234 67 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 234 68 465 465 NUM cblr-1746 234 69 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 234 70 . . PROPN cblr-1746 234 71 886 886 NUM cblr-1746 234 72 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 234 73 900 900 NUM cblr-1746 234 74 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 234 75 1984 1984 NUM cblr-1746 234 76 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 234 77 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 234 78 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 235 1 49 49 NUM cblr-1746 235 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 235 3 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 235 4 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 235 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 235 6 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 235 7 note note PROPN cblr-1746 235 8 45 45 NUM cblr-1746 235 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 235 10 § § PROPN cblr-1746 235 11 6:24 6:24 NUM cblr-1746 235 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 236 1 50 50 NUM cblr-1746 236 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 236 3 i i PRON cblr-1746 236 4 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 236 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 236 6 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 236 7 regardless regardless ADV cblr-1746 236 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 236 9 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 236 10 25 25 NUM cblr-1746 236 11 % % NOUN cblr-1746 236 12 is be AUX cblr-1746 236 13 adopted adopt VERB cblr-1746 236 14 as as ADP cblr-1746 236 15 a a DET cblr-1746 236 16 formal formal ADJ cblr-1746 236 17 benchmark benchmark NOUN cblr-1746 236 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 236 19 most most ADJ cblr-1746 236 20 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 236 21 have have AUX cblr-1746 236 22 approved approve VERB cblr-1746 236 23 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 236 24 applications application NOUN cblr-1746 236 25 approximating approximate VERB cblr-1746 236 26 that that DET cblr-1746 236 27 figure figure NOUN cblr-1746 236 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 236 29 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 236 30 awards award NOUN cblr-1746 236 31 in in ADP cblr-1746 236 32 the the DET cblr-1746 236 33 20 20 NUM cblr-1746 236 34 to to PART cblr-1746 236 35 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 236 36 % % NOUN cblr-1746 236 37 range range NOUN cblr-1746 236 38 are be AUX cblr-1746 236 39 not not PART cblr-1746 236 40 uncommon uncommon ADJ cblr-1746 236 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 236 42 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 236 43 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 236 44 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 237 1 51 51 NUM cblr-1746 237 2 in in ADP cblr-1746 237 3 re re PROPN cblr-1746 237 4 general general PROPN cblr-1746 237 5 motors motors PROPN cblr-1746 237 6 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 237 7 . . PROPN cblr-1746 237 8 pick pick PROPN cblr-1746 237 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 237 10 up up ADP cblr-1746 237 11 truck truck NOUN cblr-1746 237 12 fuel fuel NOUN cblr-1746 237 13 tank tank NOUN cblr-1746 237 14 prods prod VERB cblr-1746 237 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 238 1 liab liab PROPN cblr-1746 238 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 239 1 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 239 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 240 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 240 2 55 55 NUM cblr-1746 240 3 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 240 4 768 768 NUM cblr-1746 240 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 240 6 821 821 NUM cblr-1746 240 7 n.40 n.40 NOUN cblr-1746 240 8 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 240 9 3d 3d PROPN cblr-1746 240 10 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 240 11 . . PROPN cblr-1746 240 12 1995 1995 NUM cblr-1746 240 13 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 240 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 241 1 52 52 NUM cblr-1746 241 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 241 3 gilles gille NOUN cblr-1746 241 4 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 241 5 friedman friedman PROPN cblr-1746 241 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 241 7 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 241 8 note note PROPN cblr-1746 241 9 32 32 NUM cblr-1746 241 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 241 11 at at ADP cblr-1746 241 12 139 139 NUM cblr-1746 241 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 242 1 53 53 NUM cblr-1746 242 2 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 242 3 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 242 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 242 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 242 6 note note PROPN cblr-1746 242 7 45 45 NUM cblr-1746 242 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 242 9 § § PROPN cblr-1746 242 10 6:24 6:24 NUM cblr-1746 242 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 243 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 243 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 243 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 243 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 243 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 244 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 244 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 244 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 244 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 244 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 244 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 244 7 755 755 NUM cblr-1746 244 8 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 244 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 244 10 regulating regulate VERB cblr-1746 244 11 external external ADJ cblr-1746 244 12 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 244 13 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 244 14 monitoring monitor VERB cblr-1746 244 15 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 244 16 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 244 17 concerned concern VERB cblr-1746 244 18 with with ADP cblr-1746 244 19 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 244 20 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 244 21 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 244 22 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 244 23 also also ADV cblr-1746 244 24 oversee oversee VERB cblr-1746 244 25 the the DET cblr-1746 244 26 degree degree NOUN cblr-1746 244 27 to to PART cblr-1746 244 28 which which PRON cblr-1746 244 29 class class NOUN cblr-1746 244 30 members member NOUN cblr-1746 244 31 are be AUX cblr-1746 244 32 capable capable ADJ cblr-1746 244 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 244 34 monitoring monitor VERB cblr-1746 244 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 244 36 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 244 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 245 1 lacking lack VERB cblr-1746 245 2 a a DET cblr-1746 245 3 tool tool NOUN cblr-1746 245 4 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 245 5 obviously obviously ADV cblr-1746 245 6 keyed key VERB cblr-1746 245 7 to to ADP cblr-1746 245 8 this this DET cblr-1746 245 9 task task NOUN cblr-1746 245 10 as as ADP cblr-1746 245 11 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 245 12 23(g 23(g NUM cblr-1746 245 13 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 245 14 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 245 15 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 245 16 23(h 23(h NUM cblr-1746 245 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 245 18 are be AUX cblr-1746 245 19 keyed key VERB cblr-1746 245 20 to to ADP cblr-1746 245 21 regulating regulate VERB cblr-1746 245 22 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 245 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 245 24 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 245 25 often often ADV cblr-1746 245 26 resort resort VERB cblr-1746 245 27 to to ADP cblr-1746 245 28 a a DET cblr-1746 245 29 heavyhanded heavyhanded ADJ cblr-1746 245 30 application application NOUN cblr-1746 245 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 245 32 the the DET cblr-1746 245 33 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 245 34 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 245 35 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 245 36 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 245 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 246 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 246 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 246 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 246 4 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 246 5 23(a)(2 23(a)(2 NOUN cblr-1746 246 6 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 246 7 requires require VERB cblr-1746 246 8 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 246 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 246 10 there there PRON cblr-1746 246 11 are be VERB cblr-1746 246 12 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 246 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 246 14 law law NOUN cblr-1746 246 15 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 246 16 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 246 17 common common ADJ cblr-1746 246 18 to to ADP cblr-1746 246 19 the the DET cblr-1746 246 20 class”;54 class”;54 NOUN cblr-1746 246 21 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 246 22 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 246 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 246 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 246 25 which which PRON cblr-1746 246 26 goes go VERB cblr-1746 246 27 a a DET cblr-1746 246 28 step step NOUN cblr-1746 246 29 further far ADV cblr-1746 246 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 246 31 requires require VERB cblr-1746 246 32 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 246 33 for for ADP cblr-1746 246 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 246 35 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 246 36 principally principally ADV cblr-1746 246 37 seeking seek VERB cblr-1746 246 38 financial financial ADJ cblr-1746 246 39 remuneration remuneration NOUN cblr-1746 246 40 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 246 41 so so ADV cblr-1746 246 42 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 246 43 called call VERB cblr-1746 246 44 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 246 45 damages damage VERB cblr-1746 246 46 classes”—“the classes”—“the DET cblr-1746 246 47 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 246 48 of of ADP cblr-1746 246 49 law law NOUN cblr-1746 246 50 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 246 51 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 246 52 common common ADJ cblr-1746 246 53 to to ADP cblr-1746 246 54 class class NOUN cblr-1746 246 55 members member NOUN cblr-1746 246 56 predominate predominate ADJ cblr-1746 246 57 over over ADP cblr-1746 246 58 any any DET cblr-1746 246 59 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 246 60 affecting affect VERB cblr-1746 246 61 only only ADV cblr-1746 246 62 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 246 63 members member NOUN cblr-1746 246 64 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 247 1 ”55 ”55 PROPN cblr-1746 247 2 these these DET cblr-1746 247 3 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 247 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 247 5 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 247 6 strictly strictly ADV cblr-1746 247 7 applied apply VERB cblr-1746 247 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 247 9 allow allow VERB cblr-1746 247 10 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 247 11 to to PART cblr-1746 247 12 police police VERB cblr-1746 247 13 the the DET cblr-1746 247 14 size size NOUN cblr-1746 247 15 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 247 16 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 247 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 247 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 247 19 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 247 20 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 247 21 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 247 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 247 23 external external ADJ cblr-1746 247 24 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 247 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 247 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 248 1 the the DET cblr-1746 248 2 judiciary judiciary NOUN cblr-1746 248 3 has have AUX cblr-1746 248 4 seized seize VERB cblr-1746 248 5 the the DET cblr-1746 248 6 opportunity opportunity NOUN cblr-1746 248 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 248 8 at at ADP cblr-1746 248 9 times time NOUN cblr-1746 248 10 explicitly explicitly ADV cblr-1746 248 11 connecting connect VERB cblr-1746 248 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 248 13 size size NOUN cblr-1746 248 14 to to ADP cblr-1746 248 15 the the DET cblr-1746 248 16 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 248 17 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 248 18 endemic endemic ADJ cblr-1746 248 19 to to ADP cblr-1746 248 20 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 248 21 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 248 22 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 248 23 relationships.56 relationships.56 NOUN cblr-1746 248 24 for for ADP cblr-1746 248 25 example example NOUN cblr-1746 248 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 248 27 one one NUM cblr-1746 248 28 court court NOUN cblr-1746 248 29 remarked remark VERB cblr-1746 248 30 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 248 31 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 248 32 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 248 33 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 248 34 often often ADV cblr-1746 248 35 can can AUX cblr-1746 248 36 be be AUX cblr-1746 248 37 far far ADV cblr-1746 248 38 more more ADV cblr-1746 248 39 severe severe ADJ cblr-1746 248 40 in in ADP cblr-1746 248 41 the the DET cblr-1746 248 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 248 43 action action NOUN cblr-1746 248 44 context context NOUN cblr-1746 248 45 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 248 46 primarily primarily ADV cblr-1746 248 47 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 248 48 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 248 49 tend tend VERB cblr-1746 248 50 to to PART cblr-1746 248 51 be be AUX cblr-1746 248 52 large large ADJ cblr-1746 248 53 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 248 54 dispersed disperse VERB cblr-1746 248 55 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 248 56 disorganized disorganized ADJ cblr-1746 248 57 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 248 58 therefore therefore ADV cblr-1746 248 59 suffer suffer VERB cblr-1746 248 60 from from ADP cblr-1746 248 61 a a DET cblr-1746 248 62 collective collective ADJ cblr-1746 248 63 action action NOUN cblr-1746 248 64 dilemma dilemma NOUN cblr-1746 248 65 not not PART cblr-1746 248 66 faced face VERB cblr-1746 248 67 by by ADP cblr-1746 248 68 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 248 69 litigants litigant NOUN cblr-1746 248 70 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 248 71 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 248 72 which which PRON cblr-1746 248 73 contributes contribute VERB cblr-1746 248 74 to to ADP cblr-1746 248 75 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 248 76 significantly significantly ADV cblr-1746 248 77 less less ADJ cblr-1746 248 78 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 248 79 of of ADP cblr-1746 248 80 the the DET cblr-1746 248 81 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 248 82 by by ADP cblr-1746 248 83 the the DET cblr-1746 248 84 class class NOUN cblr-1746 248 85 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 248 86 consequential consequential ADJ cblr-1746 248 87 [ [ X cblr-1746 248 88 sic sic ADJ cblr-1746 248 89 ] ] X cblr-1746 248 90 higher high ADJ cblr-1746 248 91 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 248 92 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 248 93 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 249 1 ”57 ”57 NOUN cblr-1746 249 2 this this DET cblr-1746 249 3 trend trend NOUN cblr-1746 249 4 has have AUX cblr-1746 249 5 been be AUX cblr-1746 249 6 influenced influence VERB cblr-1746 249 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 249 8 in in ADP cblr-1746 249 9 part part NOUN cblr-1746 249 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 249 11 by by ADP cblr-1746 249 12 a a DET cblr-1746 249 13 slate slate NOUN cblr-1746 249 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 249 15 seminal seminal ADJ cblr-1746 249 16 opinions opinion NOUN cblr-1746 249 17 in in ADP cblr-1746 249 18 which which PRON cblr-1746 249 19 the the DET cblr-1746 249 20 supreme supreme PROPN cblr-1746 249 21 court court PROPN cblr-1746 249 22 restricted restrict VERB cblr-1746 249 23 the the DET cblr-1746 249 24 size size NOUN cblr-1746 249 25 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 249 26 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 249 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 249 28 expansive expansive ADJ cblr-1746 249 29 class class NOUN cblr-1746 249 30 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 249 31 via via ADP cblr-1746 249 32 these these DET cblr-1746 249 33 54 54 NUM cblr-1746 249 34 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 249 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 250 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 250 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 250 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 251 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 251 2 23(a)(2 23(a)(2 NUM cblr-1746 251 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 251 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 252 1 55 55 NUM cblr-1746 252 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 252 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 253 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 253 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 253 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 254 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 254 2 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NUM cblr-1746 254 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 254 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 255 1 56 56 NUM cblr-1746 255 2 see see NOUN cblr-1746 255 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 255 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 255 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 255 6 culver culver NOUN cblr-1746 255 7 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 255 8 city city PROPN cblr-1746 255 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 255 10 milwaukee milwaukee PROPN cblr-1746 255 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 255 12 277 277 NUM cblr-1746 255 13 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 255 14 908 908 NUM cblr-1746 255 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 255 16 910 910 NUM cblr-1746 255 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 255 18 7th 7th ADJ cblr-1746 255 19 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 255 20 . . PROPN cblr-1746 255 21 2002 2002 NUM cblr-1746 255 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 255 23 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 255 24 posner posner NOUN cblr-1746 255 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 255 26 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 255 27 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 255 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 255 29 noting note VERB cblr-1746 255 30 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 255 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 255 32 in in ADP cblr-1746 255 33 light light NOUN cblr-1746 255 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 255 35 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 255 36 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 255 37 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 255 38 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 255 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 255 40 the the DET cblr-1746 255 41 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 255 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 255 43 action action NOUN cblr-1746 255 44 is be AUX cblr-1746 255 45 an an DET cblr-1746 255 46 awkward awkward ADJ cblr-1746 255 47 device device NOUN cblr-1746 255 48 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 255 49 requiring require VERB cblr-1746 255 50 careful careful ADJ cblr-1746 255 51 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 255 52 supervision supervision NOUN cblr-1746 255 53 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 255 54 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 255 55 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 256 1 57 57 NUM cblr-1746 256 2 in in ADP cblr-1746 256 3 re re NOUN cblr-1746 256 4 auction auction NOUN cblr-1746 256 5 houses house NOUN cblr-1746 256 6 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 256 7 litig litig NOUN cblr-1746 256 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 256 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 256 10 197 197 NUM cblr-1746 256 11 f.r.d f.r.d NOUN cblr-1746 256 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 256 13 71 71 NUM cblr-1746 256 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 256 15 78 78 NUM cblr-1746 256 16 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 256 17 s.d.n.y s.d.n.y PROPN cblr-1746 256 18 . . PROPN cblr-1746 256 19 2000 2000 NUM cblr-1746 256 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 256 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 257 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 257 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 257 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 257 4 756 756 NUM cblr-1746 257 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 257 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 257 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 257 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 257 9 [ [ X cblr-1746 257 10 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 257 11 . . NOUN cblr-1746 257 12 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 257 13 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 257 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 258 1 in in ADP cblr-1746 258 2 amchem amchem PROPN cblr-1746 258 3 products products PROPN cblr-1746 258 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 258 5 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 258 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 259 1 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 259 2 windsor,58 windsor,58 NOUN cblr-1746 259 3 a a DET cblr-1746 259 4 case case NOUN cblr-1746 259 5 that that PRON cblr-1746 259 6 concerned concern VERB cblr-1746 259 7 the the DET cblr-1746 259 8 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 259 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 259 10 a a DET cblr-1746 259 11 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 259 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 259 13 comprised comprise VERB cblr-1746 259 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 259 15 current current ADJ cblr-1746 259 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 259 17 future future ADJ cblr-1746 259 18 asbestos asbestos NOUN cblr-1746 259 19 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 259 20 related relate VERB cblr-1746 259 21 claimants,59 claimants,59 NOUN cblr-1746 259 22 the the DET cblr-1746 259 23 court court NOUN cblr-1746 259 24 declined decline VERB cblr-1746 259 25 to to PART cblr-1746 259 26 certify certify VERB cblr-1746 259 27 the the DET cblr-1746 259 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 259 29 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 259 30 [ [ X cblr-1746 259 31 g]iven g]iven VERB cblr-1746 259 32 the the DET cblr-1746 259 33 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 259 34 number number NOUN cblr-1746 259 35 of of ADP cblr-1746 259 36 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 259 37 peculiar peculiar ADJ cblr-1746 259 38 to to ADP cblr-1746 259 39 the the DET cblr-1746 259 40 several several ADJ cblr-1746 259 41 categories category NOUN cblr-1746 259 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 259 43 class class NOUN cblr-1746 259 44 members member NOUN cblr-1746 259 45 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 259 46 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 259 47 to to ADP cblr-1746 259 48 individuals individual NOUN cblr-1746 259 49 within within ADP cblr-1746 259 50 each each DET cblr-1746 259 51 category category NOUN cblr-1746 259 52 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 259 53 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 259 54 the the DET cblr-1746 259 55 significance significance NOUN cblr-1746 259 56 of of ADP cblr-1746 259 57 those those DET cblr-1746 259 58 uncommon uncommon ADJ cblr-1746 259 59 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 259 60 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 259 61 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 259 62 which which PRON cblr-1746 259 63 collectively collectively ADV cblr-1746 259 64 ensured ensure VERB cblr-1746 259 65 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 259 66 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 259 67 any any DET cblr-1746 259 68 overarching overarching ADJ cblr-1746 259 69 dispute dispute NOUN cblr-1746 259 70 about about ADP cblr-1746 259 71 the the DET cblr-1746 259 72 health health NOUN cblr-1746 259 73 consequences consequence NOUN cblr-1746 259 74 of of ADP cblr-1746 259 75 asbestos asbestos NOUN cblr-1746 259 76 exposure exposure NOUN cblr-1746 259 77 can can AUX cblr-1746 259 78 not not PART cblr-1746 259 79 satisfy satisfy VERB cblr-1746 259 80 the the DET cblr-1746 259 81 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 259 82 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 259 83 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 259 84 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 259 85 standard standard NOUN cblr-1746 259 86 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 259 87 ”60 ”60 PROPN cblr-1746 260 1 the the DET cblr-1746 260 2 court court NOUN cblr-1746 260 3 articulated articulate VERB cblr-1746 260 4 its its PRON cblr-1746 260 5 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 260 6 with with ADP cblr-1746 260 7 reference reference NOUN cblr-1746 260 8 to to ADP cblr-1746 260 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 260 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 260 11 cohesion cohesion NOUN cblr-1746 260 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 260 13 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 260 14 a a DET cblr-1746 260 15 principle principle NOUN cblr-1746 260 16 derived derive VERB cblr-1746 260 17 from from ADP cblr-1746 260 18 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 260 19 23(b)(3).61 23(b)(3).61 NOUN cblr-1746 260 20 this this DET cblr-1746 260 21 cohesion cohesion NOUN cblr-1746 260 22 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 260 23 appears appear VERB cblr-1746 260 24 to to PART cblr-1746 260 25 draw draw VERB cblr-1746 260 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 260 27 at at ADP cblr-1746 260 28 least least ADJ cblr-1746 260 29 in in ADP cblr-1746 260 30 part part NOUN cblr-1746 260 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 260 32 from from ADP cblr-1746 260 33 the the DET cblr-1746 260 34 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 260 35 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 260 36 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 260 37 framework,62 framework,62 NOUN cblr-1746 260 38 melding meld VERB cblr-1746 260 39 the the DET cblr-1746 260 40 judiciary judiciary NOUN cblr-1746 260 41 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 260 42 historic historic ADJ cblr-1746 260 43 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 260 44 with with ADP cblr-1746 260 45 the the DET cblr-1746 260 46 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 260 47 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 260 48 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 260 49 a a DET cblr-1746 260 50 classic classic ADJ cblr-1746 260 51 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 260 52 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 260 53 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 260 54 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 260 55 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 260 56 with with ADP cblr-1746 260 57 a a DET cblr-1746 260 58 newfound newfound NOUN cblr-1746 260 59 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 260 60 for for ADP cblr-1746 260 61 class class NOUN cblr-1746 260 62 size size NOUN cblr-1746 260 63 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 260 64 the the DET cblr-1746 260 65 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 260 66 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 260 67 of of ADP cblr-1746 260 68 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 260 69 representation representation NOUN cblr-1746 260 70 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 260 71 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 260 72 tend[s tend[s NOUN cblr-1746 260 73 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 260 74 to to PART cblr-1746 260 75 merge merge VERB cblr-1746 260 76 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 260 77 with with ADP cblr-1746 260 78 the the DET cblr-1746 260 79 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 260 80 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 260 81 typicality typicality NOUN cblr-1746 260 82 criteria criterion NOUN cblr-1746 260 83 of of ADP cblr-1746 260 84 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 260 85 23(a 23(a NUM cblr-1746 260 86 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 260 87 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 260 88 which which PRON cblr-1746 260 89 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 260 90 serve serve VERB cblr-1746 260 91 as as ADP cblr-1746 260 92 guideposts guidepost NOUN cblr-1746 260 93 for for ADP cblr-1746 260 94 determining determine VERB cblr-1746 260 95 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 260 96 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 260 97 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 260 98 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 261 1 maintenance maintenance NOUN cblr-1746 261 2 of of ADP cblr-1746 261 3 a a DET cblr-1746 261 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 261 5 action action NOUN cblr-1746 261 6 is be AUX cblr-1746 261 7 economical economical ADJ cblr-1746 261 8 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 261 9 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 261 10 the the DET cblr-1746 261 11 named name VERB cblr-1746 261 12 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 261 13 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 261 14 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 261 15 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 261 16 the the DET cblr-1746 261 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 261 18 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 261 19 are be AUX cblr-1746 261 20 so so ADV cblr-1746 261 21 interrelated interrelated ADJ cblr-1746 261 22 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 261 23 the the DET cblr-1746 261 24 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 261 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 261 26 the the DET cblr-1746 261 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 261 28 members member NOUN cblr-1746 261 29 will will AUX cblr-1746 261 30 be be AUX cblr-1746 261 31 fairly fairly ADV cblr-1746 261 32 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 261 33 adequately adequately ADV cblr-1746 261 34 protected protect VERB cblr-1746 261 35 in in ADP cblr-1746 261 36 their their PRON cblr-1746 261 37 absence absence NOUN cblr-1746 261 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 262 1 ”63 ”63 NOUN cblr-1746 262 2 58 58 NUM cblr-1746 263 1 521 521 NUM cblr-1746 263 2 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 263 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 263 4 591 591 NUM cblr-1746 263 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 263 6 1997 1997 NUM cblr-1746 263 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 263 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 264 1 59 59 NUM cblr-1746 264 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 264 3 i i PRON cblr-1746 264 4 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 264 5 at at ADP cblr-1746 264 6 597 597 NUM cblr-1746 264 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 265 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 265 2 more more ADJ cblr-1746 265 3 information information NOUN cblr-1746 265 4 on on ADP cblr-1746 265 5 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 265 6 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 265 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 265 8 which which PRON cblr-1746 265 9 involve involve VERB cblr-1746 265 10 the the DET cblr-1746 265 11 simultaneous simultaneous ADJ cblr-1746 265 12 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 265 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 265 14 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 265 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 265 16 a a DET cblr-1746 265 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 265 18 action action NOUN cblr-1746 265 19 in in ADP cblr-1746 265 20 order order NOUN cblr-1746 265 21 to to PART cblr-1746 265 22 bind bind VERB cblr-1746 265 23 the the DET cblr-1746 265 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 265 25 as as ADP cblr-1746 265 26 a a DET cblr-1746 265 27 whole whole NOUN cblr-1746 265 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 265 29 see see VERB cblr-1746 265 30 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 265 31 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 265 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 265 33 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 265 34 note note PROPN cblr-1746 265 35 45 45 NUM cblr-1746 265 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 265 37 § § PROPN cblr-1746 265 38 6:3 6:3 NUM cblr-1746 265 39 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 266 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 266 2 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 266 3 samuel samuel PROPN cblr-1746 266 4 issacharoff issacharoff PROPN cblr-1746 266 5 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 266 6 richard richard PROPN cblr-1746 266 7 a. a. PROPN cblr-1746 266 8 nagareda nagareda PROPN cblr-1746 266 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 266 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 266 11 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 266 12 under under ADP cblr-1746 266 13 attack attack NOUN cblr-1746 266 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 266 15 156 156 NUM cblr-1746 266 16 u. u. PROPN cblr-1746 266 17 pa pa PROPN cblr-1746 266 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 266 19 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 266 20 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 266 21 . . PROPN cblr-1746 266 22 1649 1649 NUM cblr-1746 266 23 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 266 24 2008 2008 NUM cblr-1746 266 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 266 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 267 1 60 60 NUM cblr-1746 267 2 amchem amchem NOUN cblr-1746 267 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 267 4 521 521 NUM cblr-1746 267 5 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 267 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 267 7 at at ADP cblr-1746 267 8 624 624 NUM cblr-1746 267 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 268 1 61 61 NUM cblr-1746 268 2 i i PRON cblr-1746 268 3 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 268 4 at at ADP cblr-1746 268 5 623 623 NUM cblr-1746 268 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 269 1 62 62 NUM cblr-1746 269 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 269 3 john john PROPN cblr-1746 269 4 c. c. PROPN cblr-1746 269 5 coffee coffee PROPN cblr-1746 269 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 269 7 jr jr PROPN cblr-1746 269 8 . . PROPN cblr-1746 269 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 269 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 269 11 action action NOUN cblr-1746 269 12 accountability accountability NOUN cblr-1746 269 13 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 269 14 reconciling reconcile VERB cblr-1746 269 15 exit exit NOUN cblr-1746 269 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 269 17 voice voice NOUN cblr-1746 269 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 269 19 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 269 20 loyalty loyalty NOUN cblr-1746 269 21 in in ADP cblr-1746 269 22 representative representative ADJ cblr-1746 269 23 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 269 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 269 25 100 100 NUM cblr-1746 269 26 colum colum NOUN cblr-1746 269 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 270 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 270 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 270 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 270 4 370 370 NUM cblr-1746 270 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 270 6 375 375 NUM cblr-1746 270 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 270 8 2000 2000 NUM cblr-1746 270 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 270 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 271 1 63 63 NUM cblr-1746 271 2 amchem amchem NOUN cblr-1746 271 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 271 4 521 521 NUM cblr-1746 271 5 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 271 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 271 7 at at ADP cblr-1746 271 8 626 626 NUM cblr-1746 271 9 n.20 n.20 NOUN cblr-1746 271 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 271 11 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 271 12 gen gen PROPN cblr-1746 271 13 . . PROPN cblr-1746 271 14 tel tel PROPN cblr-1746 271 15 . . PROPN cblr-1746 271 16 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 271 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 271 18 sw sw PROPN cblr-1746 271 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 272 1 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 272 2 falcon falcon PROPN cblr-1746 272 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 272 4 457 457 NUM cblr-1746 272 5 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 272 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 272 7 147 147 NUM cblr-1746 272 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 272 9 157 157 NUM cblr-1746 272 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 272 11 n.13 n.13 X cblr-1746 272 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 272 13 1982 1982 NUM cblr-1746 272 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 272 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 272 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 273 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 273 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 273 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 273 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 273 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 274 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 274 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 274 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 274 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 274 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 274 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 274 7 757 757 NUM cblr-1746 274 8 following follow VERB cblr-1746 274 9 amchem amchem NOUN cblr-1746 274 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 274 11 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 274 12 have have AUX cblr-1746 274 13 regularly regularly ADV cblr-1746 274 14 restricted restrict VERB cblr-1746 274 15 the the DET cblr-1746 274 16 size size NOUN cblr-1746 274 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 274 18 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 274 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 274 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 274 21 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 274 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 274 23 in in ADP cblr-1746 274 24 part part NOUN cblr-1746 274 25 to to ADP cblr-1746 274 26 combat combat NOUN cblr-1746 274 27 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 274 28 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 274 29 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 274 30 the the PRON cblr-1746 274 31 larger large ADJ cblr-1746 274 32 the the DET cblr-1746 274 33 class class NOUN cblr-1746 274 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 274 35 the the DET cblr-1746 274 36 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 274 37 class class NOUN cblr-1746 274 38 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 274 39 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 274 40 autonomy autonomy NOUN cblr-1746 274 41 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 274 42 creating create VERB cblr-1746 274 43 a a DET cblr-1746 274 44 feedback feedback NOUN cblr-1746 274 45 loop loop NOUN cblr-1746 274 46 in in ADP cblr-1746 274 47 which which PRON cblr-1746 274 48 the the DET cblr-1746 274 49 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 274 50 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 274 51 fuels fuel VERB cblr-1746 274 52 the the DET cblr-1746 274 53 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 274 54 problem.64 problem.64 NOUN cblr-1746 274 55 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 274 56 one one NUM cblr-1746 274 57 scholar scholar NOUN cblr-1746 274 58 observed observe VERB cblr-1746 274 59 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 274 60 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 274 61 [ [ X cblr-1746 274 62 b]eginning b]eginne VERB cblr-1746 274 63 with with ADP cblr-1746 274 64 the the DET cblr-1746 274 65 hugely hugely ADV cblr-1746 274 66 influential influential ADJ cblr-1746 274 67 writings writing NOUN cblr-1746 274 68 of of ADP cblr-1746 274 69 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 274 70 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 274 71 twenty twenty NUM cblr-1746 274 72 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 274 73 five five NUM cblr-1746 274 74 years year NOUN cblr-1746 274 75 ago ago ADV cblr-1746 274 76 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 274 77 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 274 78 continuing continue VERB cblr-1746 274 79 through through ADP cblr-1746 274 80 the the DET cblr-1746 274 81 court court NOUN cblr-1746 274 82 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 274 83 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 274 84 in in ADP cblr-1746 274 85 amchem amchem NOUN cblr-1746 274 86 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 274 87 many many ADJ cblr-1746 274 88 of of ADP cblr-1746 274 89 the the DET cblr-1746 274 90 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 274 91 mechanisms mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 274 92 are be AUX cblr-1746 274 93 directed direct VERB cblr-1746 274 94 to to ADP cblr-1746 274 95 the the DET cblr-1746 274 96 prospect prospect NOUN cblr-1746 274 97 of of ADP cblr-1746 274 98 agents agent NOUN cblr-1746 274 99 acting act VERB cblr-1746 274 100 in in ADP cblr-1746 274 101 self self NOUN cblr-1746 274 102 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 274 103 regarding regard VERB cblr-1746 274 104 means mean NOUN cblr-1746 274 105 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 275 1 ”65 ”65 NOUN cblr-1746 275 2 more more ADV cblr-1746 275 3 recent recent ADJ cblr-1746 275 4 supreme supreme ADJ cblr-1746 275 5 court court PROPN cblr-1746 275 6 cases case NOUN cblr-1746 275 7 also also ADV cblr-1746 275 8 augmented augment VERB cblr-1746 275 9 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 275 10 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 275 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 275 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 275 13 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 275 14 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 275 15 external external ADJ cblr-1746 275 16 boundaries.66 boundaries.66 NOUN cblr-1746 275 17 in in ADP cblr-1746 275 18 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 275 19 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 275 20 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 275 21 stores stores PROPN cblr-1746 275 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 275 23 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 275 24 . . PROPN cblr-1746 276 1 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 276 2 dukes,67 dukes,67 NOUN cblr-1746 276 3 the the DET cblr-1746 276 4 supreme supreme PROPN cblr-1746 276 5 court court PROPN cblr-1746 276 6 reversed reverse VERB cblr-1746 276 7 an an DET cblr-1746 276 8 order order NOUN cblr-1746 276 9 certifying certify VERB cblr-1746 276 10 a a DET cblr-1746 276 11 massive massive ADJ cblr-1746 276 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 276 13 encompassing encompass VERB cblr-1746 276 14 millions million NOUN cblr-1746 276 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 276 16 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 276 17 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 276 18 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 276 19 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 276 20 23(a 23(a NUM cblr-1746 276 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 276 22 ensures ensure VERB cblr-1746 276 23 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 276 24 the the DET cblr-1746 276 25 named name VERB cblr-1746 276 26 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 276 27 are be AUX cblr-1746 276 28 appropriate appropriate ADJ cblr-1746 276 29 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 276 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 276 31 the the DET cblr-1746 276 32 class class NOUN cblr-1746 276 33 whose whose DET cblr-1746 276 34 claims claim VERB cblr-1746 276 35 they they PRON cblr-1746 276 36 wish wish VERB cblr-1746 276 37 to to PART cblr-1746 276 38 litigate litigate VERB cblr-1746 276 39 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 276 40 by by ADP cblr-1746 276 41 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 276 42 effectively effectively ADV cblr-1746 276 43 limit[ing limit[e VERB cblr-1746 276 44 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 276 45 the the DET cblr-1746 276 46 class class NOUN cblr-1746 276 47 claims claim VERB cblr-1746 276 48 to to ADP cblr-1746 276 49 those those PRON cblr-1746 276 50 fairly fairly ADV cblr-1746 276 51 encompassed encompass VERB cblr-1746 276 52 by by ADP cblr-1746 276 53 the the DET cblr-1746 276 54 named name VERB cblr-1746 276 55 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 276 56 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 276 57 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 276 58 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 277 1 ”68 ”68 PROPN cblr-1746 277 2 in in ADP cblr-1746 277 3 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 277 4 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 277 5 . . PROPN cblr-1746 278 1 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 278 2 behrend,69 behrend,69 VERB cblr-1746 278 3 the the DET cblr-1746 278 4 court court NOUN cblr-1746 278 5 affirmed affirm VERB cblr-1746 278 6 amchem amchem PROPN cblr-1746 278 7 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 278 8 core core NOUN cblr-1746 278 9 holding holding NOUN cblr-1746 278 10 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 278 11 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 278 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 278 13 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 278 14 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 278 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 278 16 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 278 17 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 278 18 criterion criterion NOUN cblr-1746 278 19 is be AUX cblr-1746 278 20 even even ADV cblr-1746 278 21 more more ADV cblr-1746 278 22 demanding demanding ADJ cblr-1746 278 23 than than ADP cblr-1746 278 24 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 278 25 23(a)”70 23(a)”70 NOUN cblr-1746 278 26 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 278 27 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 278 28 announced announce VERB cblr-1746 278 29 a a DET cblr-1746 278 30 64 64 NUM cblr-1746 278 31 the the DET cblr-1746 278 32 court court NOUN cblr-1746 278 33 later later ADV cblr-1746 278 34 confirmed confirm VERB cblr-1746 278 35 this this DET cblr-1746 278 36 view view NOUN cblr-1746 278 37 in in ADP cblr-1746 278 38 ortiz ortiz PROPN cblr-1746 278 39 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 278 40 fibreboard fibreboard PROPN cblr-1746 278 41 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 278 42 . . PROPN cblr-1746 278 43 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 278 44 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 278 45 it it PRON cblr-1746 278 46 stated state VERB cblr-1746 278 47 the the DET cblr-1746 278 48 more more ADV cblr-1746 278 49 lenient lenient ADJ cblr-1746 278 50 the the DET cblr-1746 278 51 application application NOUN cblr-1746 278 52 of of ADP cblr-1746 278 53 the the DET cblr-1746 278 54 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 278 55 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 278 56 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 278 57 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 278 58 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 278 59 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 278 60 the the PRON cblr-1746 278 61 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 278 62 the the DET cblr-1746 278 63 likelihood likelihood NOUN cblr-1746 278 64 of of ADP cblr-1746 278 65 abuse abuse NOUN cblr-1746 278 66 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 278 67 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 279 1 527 527 NUM cblr-1746 279 2 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 279 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 279 4 815 815 NUM cblr-1746 279 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 279 6 817 817 NUM cblr-1746 279 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 279 8 1999 1999 NUM cblr-1746 279 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 279 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 280 1 65 65 NUM cblr-1746 280 2 issacharoff issacharoff NOUN cblr-1746 280 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 280 4 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 280 5 note note PROPN cblr-1746 280 6 29 29 NUM cblr-1746 280 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 280 8 at at ADP cblr-1746 280 9 3183 3183 NUM cblr-1746 280 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 281 1 66 66 NUM cblr-1746 281 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 281 3 issacharoff issacharoff NOUN cblr-1746 281 4 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 281 5 nagareda nagareda PROPN cblr-1746 281 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 281 7 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 281 8 note note NOUN cblr-1746 281 9 59 59 NUM cblr-1746 281 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 281 11 at at ADP cblr-1746 281 12 1681 1681 NUM cblr-1746 281 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 281 14 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 281 15 after after ADP cblr-1746 281 16 amchem amchem NOUN cblr-1746 281 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 281 18 the the DET cblr-1746 281 19 focus focus NOUN cblr-1746 281 20 on on ADP cblr-1746 281 21 potential potential ADJ cblr-1746 281 22 intraclass intraclass NOUN cblr-1746 281 23 conflicts conflict NOUN cblr-1746 281 24 metastasized metastasize VERB cblr-1746 281 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 282 1 every every DET cblr-1746 282 2 difference difference NOUN cblr-1746 282 3 in in ADP cblr-1746 282 4 the the DET cblr-1746 282 5 potential potential ADJ cblr-1746 282 6 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 282 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 282 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 282 9 members member NOUN cblr-1746 282 10 was be AUX cblr-1746 282 11 seemingly seemingly ADV cblr-1746 282 12 fair fair ADJ cblr-1746 282 13 game game NOUN cblr-1746 282 14 for for ADP cblr-1746 282 15 challenge challenge NOUN cblr-1746 282 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 283 1 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 283 2 on on ADP cblr-1746 283 3 direct direct ADJ cblr-1746 283 4 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 283 5 collateral collateral ADJ cblr-1746 283 6 review review NOUN cblr-1746 283 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 283 8 challenges challenge NOUN cblr-1746 283 9 to to ADP cblr-1746 283 10 the the DET cblr-1746 283 11 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 283 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 283 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 283 14 representation representation NOUN cblr-1746 283 15 in in ADP cblr-1746 283 16 the the DET cblr-1746 283 17 intraclass intraclass NOUN cblr-1746 283 18 conflict conflict NOUN cblr-1746 283 19 sense sense NOUN cblr-1746 283 20 quickly quickly ADV cblr-1746 283 21 came come VERB cblr-1746 283 22 to to PART cblr-1746 283 23 center center VERB cblr-1746 283 24 on on ADP cblr-1746 283 25 the the DET cblr-1746 283 26 contention contention NOUN cblr-1746 283 27 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 283 28 the the DET cblr-1746 283 29 class class NOUN cblr-1746 283 30 was be AUX cblr-1746 283 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 283 32 in in ADP cblr-1746 283 33 one one NUM cblr-1746 283 34 way way NOUN cblr-1746 283 35 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 283 36 another another PRON cblr-1746 283 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 283 38 too too ADV cblr-1746 283 39 encompassing encompass VERB cblr-1746 283 40 in in ADP cblr-1746 283 41 its its PRON cblr-1746 283 42 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 283 43 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 283 44 such such ADJ cblr-1746 283 45 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 283 46 subclasses subclass NOUN cblr-1746 283 47 were be AUX cblr-1746 283 48 needed need VERB cblr-1746 283 49 with with ADP cblr-1746 283 50 separate separate ADJ cblr-1746 283 51 class class NOUN cblr-1746 283 52 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 283 53 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 283 54 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 283 55 even even ADV cblr-1746 283 56 more more ADV cblr-1746 283 57 importantly importantly ADV cblr-1746 283 58 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 283 59 separate separate ADJ cblr-1746 283 60 class class NOUN cblr-1746 283 61 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 283 62 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 283 63 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 284 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 284 2 emphasis emphasis NOUN cblr-1746 284 3 added add VERB cblr-1746 284 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 284 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 284 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 285 1 67 67 NUM cblr-1746 285 2 564 564 NUM cblr-1746 285 3 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 285 4 . . PROPN cblr-1746 285 5 338 338 NUM cblr-1746 285 6 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 285 7 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 285 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 285 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 286 1 68 68 NUM cblr-1746 287 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 287 2 d. d. NOUN cblr-1746 287 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 287 4 349 349 NUM cblr-1746 287 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 287 6 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 287 7 gen gen PROPN cblr-1746 287 8 . . PROPN cblr-1746 287 9 tel tel PROPN cblr-1746 287 10 . . PROPN cblr-1746 287 11 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 287 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 287 13 sw sw PROPN cblr-1746 287 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 288 1 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 288 2 falcon falcon PROPN cblr-1746 288 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 288 4 457 457 NUM cblr-1746 288 5 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 288 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 288 7 147 147 NUM cblr-1746 288 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 288 9 156 156 NUM cblr-1746 288 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 288 11 1982 1982 NUM cblr-1746 288 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 288 13 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 288 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 289 1 69 69 NUM cblr-1746 289 2 133 133 NUM cblr-1746 289 3 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 289 4 ct ct PROPN cblr-1746 289 5 . . PROPN cblr-1746 289 6 1426 1426 NUM cblr-1746 289 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 289 8 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 289 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 289 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 290 1 70 70 NUM cblr-1746 291 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 291 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 291 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 291 4 1432 1432 NUM cblr-1746 291 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 292 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 292 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 292 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 292 4 758 758 NUM cblr-1746 292 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 292 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 292 7 law law NOUN cblr-1746 292 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 293 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 293 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 293 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 293 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 293 5 scrutinizing scrutinize VERB cblr-1746 293 6 application application NOUN cblr-1746 293 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 293 8 that that DET cblr-1746 293 9 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 293 10 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 293 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 293 12 order order NOUN cblr-1746 293 13 for for ADP cblr-1746 293 14 common common ADJ cblr-1746 293 15 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 293 16 to to PART cblr-1746 293 17 predominate predominate VERB cblr-1746 293 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 293 19 the the DET cblr-1746 293 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 293 21 must must AUX cblr-1746 293 22 establish establish VERB cblr-1746 293 23 that that PRON cblr-1746 293 24 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 293 25 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 293 26 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 293 27 are be AUX cblr-1746 293 28 capable capable ADJ cblr-1746 293 29 of of ADP cblr-1746 293 30 measurement measurement NOUN cblr-1746 293 31 on on ADP cblr-1746 293 32 a a DET cblr-1746 293 33 classwide classwide ADJ cblr-1746 293 34 basis basis NOUN cblr-1746 293 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 294 1 ”71 ”71 NOUN cblr-1746 294 2 both both PRON cblr-1746 294 3 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 294 4 - - PROPN cblr-1746 294 5 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 294 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 294 7 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 294 8 contain contain VERB cblr-1746 294 9 language language NOUN cblr-1746 294 10 sounding sound VERB cblr-1746 294 11 in in ADV cblr-1746 294 12 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 294 13 drawing draw VERB cblr-1746 294 14 on on ADP cblr-1746 294 15 amchem amchem NOUN cblr-1746 294 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 294 17 echoing echo VERB cblr-1746 294 18 its its PRON cblr-1746 294 19 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 294 20 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 294 21 related relate VERB cblr-1746 294 22 concerns.72 concerns.72 NOUN cblr-1746 294 23 * * PUNCT cblr-1746 295 1 * * PUNCT cblr-1746 295 2 * * PUNCT cblr-1746 295 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 295 4 concerned concern VERB cblr-1746 295 5 with with ADP cblr-1746 295 6 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 295 7 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 295 8 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 295 9 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 295 10 do do AUX cblr-1746 295 11 not not PART cblr-1746 295 12 limit limit VERB cblr-1746 295 13 themselves themselves PRON cblr-1746 295 14 to to ADP cblr-1746 295 15 addressing address VERB cblr-1746 295 16 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 295 17 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 295 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 295 19 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 295 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 295 21 the the DET cblr-1746 295 22 traditional traditional ADJ cblr-1746 295 23 domain domain NOUN cblr-1746 295 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 295 25 the the DET cblr-1746 295 26 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 295 27 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 295 28 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 295 29 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 295 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 296 1 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 296 2 also also ADV cblr-1746 296 3 articulate articulate VERB cblr-1746 296 4 a a DET cblr-1746 296 5 size size NOUN cblr-1746 296 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 296 7 based base VERB cblr-1746 296 8 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 296 9 for for ADP cblr-1746 296 10 monitoring monitor VERB cblr-1746 296 11 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 296 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 297 1 as as ADP cblr-1746 297 2 a a DET cblr-1746 297 3 result result NOUN cblr-1746 297 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 297 5 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 297 6 frequently frequently ADV cblr-1746 297 7 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 297 8 the the DET cblr-1746 297 9 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 297 10 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 297 11 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 297 12 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 297 13 with with ADP cblr-1746 297 14 a a DET cblr-1746 297 15 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 297 16 hand,73 hand,73 NOUN cblr-1746 297 17 aggressively aggressively ADV cblr-1746 297 18 regulating regulate VERB cblr-1746 297 19 not not PART cblr-1746 297 20 only only ADV cblr-1746 297 21 the the DET cblr-1746 297 22 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 297 23 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 297 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 297 25 class class NOUN cblr-1746 297 26 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 297 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 297 28 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 297 29 also also ADV cblr-1746 297 30 their their PRON cblr-1746 297 31 external external ADJ cblr-1746 297 32 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 297 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 298 1 of of ADP cblr-1746 298 2 course course NOUN cblr-1746 298 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 298 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 298 5 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 298 6 do do AUX cblr-1746 298 7 present present VERB cblr-1746 298 8 genuine genuine ADJ cblr-1746 298 9 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 298 10 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 298 11 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 298 12 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 298 13 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 298 14 the the DET cblr-1746 298 15 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 298 16 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 298 17 is be AUX cblr-1746 298 18 no no DET cblr-1746 298 19 apparition apparition NOUN cblr-1746 298 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 299 1 however however ADV cblr-1746 299 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 299 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 299 4 well well ADV cblr-1746 299 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 299 6 founded found VERB cblr-1746 299 7 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 299 8 risks risk VERB cblr-1746 299 9 mission mission NOUN cblr-1746 299 10 creep creep PROPN cblr-1746 299 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 300 1 the the DET cblr-1746 300 2 status status NOUN cblr-1746 300 3 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 300 4 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 300 5 deception deception NOUN cblr-1746 300 6 is be AUX cblr-1746 300 7 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 300 8 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 300 9 there there PRON cblr-1746 300 10 are be VERB cblr-1746 300 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 300 12 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 300 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 300 14 there there PRON cblr-1746 300 15 are be VERB cblr-1746 300 16 axiomatically axiomatically ADV cblr-1746 300 17 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 300 18 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 300 19 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 300 20 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 300 21 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 300 22 there there PRON cblr-1746 300 23 are be VERB cblr-1746 300 24 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 300 25 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 300 26 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 300 27 71 71 NUM cblr-1746 300 28 i i PRON cblr-1746 300 29 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 300 30 at at ADP cblr-1746 300 31 1433 1433 NUM cblr-1746 300 32 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 301 1 72 72 NUM cblr-1746 302 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 302 2 d. d. NOUN cblr-1746 302 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 302 4 1434–35 1434–35 PROPN cblr-1746 302 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 302 6 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 302 7 for for ADP cblr-1746 302 8 all all PRON cblr-1746 302 9 we we PRON cblr-1746 302 10 know know VERB cblr-1746 302 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 302 12 [ [ X cblr-1746 302 13 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 302 14 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 302 15 cable cable NOUN cblr-1746 302 16 subscribers subscriber NOUN cblr-1746 302 17 in in ADP cblr-1746 302 18 gloucester gloucester PROPN cblr-1746 302 19 county county NOUN cblr-1746 302 20 may may AUX cblr-1746 302 21 have have AUX cblr-1746 302 22 been be AUX cblr-1746 302 23 overcharged overcharge VERB cblr-1746 302 24 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 302 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 302 26 petitioners petitioner NOUN cblr-1746 302 27 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 302 28 alleged alleged ADJ cblr-1746 302 29 elimination elimination NOUN cblr-1746 302 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 302 31 satellite satellite NOUN cblr-1746 302 32 competition competition NOUN cblr-1746 302 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 302 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 302 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 303 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 303 2 subscribers subscriber NOUN cblr-1746 303 3 in in ADP cblr-1746 303 4 camden camden PROPN cblr-1746 303 5 county county PROPN cblr-1746 303 6 may may AUX cblr-1746 303 7 have have AUX cblr-1746 303 8 paid pay VERB cblr-1746 303 9 elevated elevated ADJ cblr-1746 303 10 prices price NOUN cblr-1746 303 11 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 303 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 303 13 petitioners petitioner NOUN cblr-1746 303 14 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 303 15 increased increase VERB cblr-1746 303 16 bargaining bargaining NOUN cblr-1746 303 17 power power NOUN cblr-1746 303 18 vis vis X cblr-1746 303 19 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 303 20 à à X cblr-1746 303 21 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 303 22 vis vis X cblr-1746 303 23 content content NOUN cblr-1746 303 24 providers provider NOUN cblr-1746 303 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 303 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 303 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 303 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 304 1 the the DET cblr-1746 304 2 permutations permutation NOUN cblr-1746 304 3 involving involve VERB cblr-1746 304 4 four four NUM cblr-1746 304 5 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 304 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 304 7 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 304 8 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 304 9 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 304 10 million million NUM cblr-1746 304 11 [ [ PUNCT cblr-1746 304 12 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 304 13 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 304 14 subscribers subscriber NOUN cblr-1746 304 15 located locate VERB cblr-1746 304 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 304 17 16 16 NUM cblr-1746 304 18 counties county NOUN cblr-1746 304 19 are be AUX cblr-1746 304 20 nearly nearly ADV cblr-1746 304 21 endless endless ADJ cblr-1746 304 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 304 23 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 304 24 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 304 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 305 1 73 73 NUM cblr-1746 305 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 305 3 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 305 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 305 5 ex ex PROPN cblr-1746 305 6 parte parte PROPN cblr-1746 305 7 assocs assocs PROPN cblr-1746 305 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 306 1 fin fin NOUN cblr-1746 306 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 307 1 servs servs PROPN cblr-1746 307 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 308 1 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 308 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 308 3 705 705 NUM cblr-1746 308 4 so.2d so.2d NOUN cblr-1746 308 5 836 836 NUM cblr-1746 308 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 308 7 838–39 838–39 NUM cblr-1746 308 8 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 308 9 ala ala PROPN cblr-1746 308 10 . . PROPN cblr-1746 308 11 1997 1997 NUM cblr-1746 308 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 308 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 308 14 hooper hooper PROPN cblr-1746 308 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 308 16 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 308 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 308 18 dissenting dissent VERB cblr-1746 308 19 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 308 20 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 308 21 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 308 22 the the DET cblr-1746 308 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 308 24 action action NOUN cblr-1746 308 25 is be AUX cblr-1746 308 26 a a DET cblr-1746 308 27 unique unique ADJ cblr-1746 308 28 action action NOUN cblr-1746 308 29 at at ADP cblr-1746 308 30 law law NOUN cblr-1746 308 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 309 1 unlike unlike ADP cblr-1746 309 2 a a DET cblr-1746 309 3 normal normal ADJ cblr-1746 309 4 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 309 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 309 6 the the DET cblr-1746 309 7 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 309 8 members member NOUN cblr-1746 309 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 309 10 the the DET cblr-1746 309 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 309 12 need need AUX cblr-1746 309 13 not not PART cblr-1746 309 14 even even ADV cblr-1746 309 15 appear appear VERB cblr-1746 309 16 at at ADP cblr-1746 309 17 court court NOUN cblr-1746 309 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 310 1 this this DET cblr-1746 310 2 aspect aspect NOUN cblr-1746 310 3 of of ADP cblr-1746 310 4 the the DET cblr-1746 310 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 310 6 action action NOUN cblr-1746 310 7 was be AUX cblr-1746 310 8 enough enough ADJ cblr-1746 310 9 to to PART cblr-1746 310 10 cause cause VERB cblr-1746 310 11 at at ADP cblr-1746 310 12 its its PRON cblr-1746 310 13 inception inception NOUN cblr-1746 310 14 a a DET cblr-1746 310 15 great great ADJ cblr-1746 310 16 deal deal NOUN cblr-1746 310 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 310 18 controversy controversy NOUN cblr-1746 310 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 311 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 311 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 311 3 critical critical ADJ cblr-1746 311 4 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 311 5 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 311 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 311 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 311 8 particular particular ADJ cblr-1746 311 9 the the DET cblr-1746 311 10 highest high ADJ cblr-1746 311 11 court court NOUN cblr-1746 311 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 311 13 this this DET cblr-1746 311 14 state state NOUN cblr-1746 311 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 311 16 make make VERB cblr-1746 311 17 sure sure ADJ cblr-1746 311 18 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 311 19 the the DET cblr-1746 311 20 rules rule NOUN cblr-1746 311 21 surrounding surround VERB cblr-1746 311 22 the the DET cblr-1746 311 23 use use NOUN cblr-1746 311 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 311 25 the the DET cblr-1746 311 26 class class NOUN cblr-1746 311 27 action action NOUN cblr-1746 311 28 be be AUX cblr-1746 311 29 strictly strictly ADV cblr-1746 311 30 enforced enforce VERB cblr-1746 311 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 312 1 the the DET cblr-1746 312 2 potential potential NOUN cblr-1746 312 3 for for ADP cblr-1746 312 4 abuse abuse NOUN cblr-1746 312 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 312 6 procedure procedure NOUN cblr-1746 312 7 is be AUX cblr-1746 312 8 accentuated accentuate VERB cblr-1746 312 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 312 10 unique unique ADJ cblr-1746 312 11 types type NOUN cblr-1746 312 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 312 13 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 312 14 like like ADP cblr-1746 312 15 the the DET cblr-1746 312 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 312 17 action action NOUN cblr-1746 312 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 312 19 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 312 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 312 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 313 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 313 2 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 313 3 robert robert PROPN cblr-1746 313 4 h. h. PROPN cblr-1746 313 5 klonoff klonoff PROPN cblr-1746 313 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 313 7 the the DET cblr-1746 313 8 decline decline NOUN cblr-1746 313 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 313 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 313 11 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 313 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 313 13 90 90 NUM cblr-1746 313 14 wash wash NOUN cblr-1746 313 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 314 1 u. u. PROPN cblr-1746 314 2 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 314 3 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 314 4 . . PROPN cblr-1746 315 1 729 729 NUM cblr-1746 315 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 315 3 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 315 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 315 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 316 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 316 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 316 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 316 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 316 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 317 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 317 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 317 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 317 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 317 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 317 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 317 7 759 759 NUM cblr-1746 317 8 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 317 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 317 10 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 317 11 intervention intervention NOUN cblr-1746 317 12 is be AUX cblr-1746 317 13 warranted warrant VERB cblr-1746 317 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 318 1 that that PRON cblr-1746 318 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 318 3 half half ADV cblr-1746 318 4 right right ADJ cblr-1746 318 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 319 1 c. c. NOUN cblr-1746 319 2 refracting refract VERB cblr-1746 319 3 the the DET cblr-1746 319 4 frame frame NOUN cblr-1746 319 5 one one NUM cblr-1746 319 6 degree degree NOUN cblr-1746 319 7 the the DET cblr-1746 319 8 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 319 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 319 10 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 319 11 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 319 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 319 13 which which PRON cblr-1746 319 14 finds find VERB cblr-1746 319 15 its its PRON cblr-1746 319 16 zenith zenith NOUN cblr-1746 319 17 in in ADP cblr-1746 319 18 the the DET cblr-1746 319 19 contemporary contemporary ADJ cblr-1746 319 20 application application NOUN cblr-1746 319 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 319 22 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 319 23 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 319 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 319 25 rests rest VERB cblr-1746 319 26 on on ADP cblr-1746 319 27 a a DET cblr-1746 319 28 simple simple ADJ cblr-1746 319 29 observation observation NOUN cblr-1746 319 30 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 319 31 class class NOUN cblr-1746 319 32 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 319 33 separate separate VERB cblr-1746 319 34 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 319 35 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 319 36 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 319 37 property property NOUN cblr-1746 319 38 rights right NOUN cblr-1746 319 39 in in ADP cblr-1746 319 40 litigation)74 litigation)74 NOUN cblr-1746 319 41 from from ADP cblr-1746 319 42 the the DET cblr-1746 319 43 management management NOUN cblr-1746 319 44 of of ADP cblr-1746 319 45 those those PRON cblr-1746 319 46 interests.75 interests.75 ADJ cblr-1746 319 47 this this DET cblr-1746 319 48 observation observation NOUN cblr-1746 319 49 does do AUX cblr-1746 319 50 not not PART cblr-1746 319 51 exclusively exclusively ADV cblr-1746 319 52 buttress buttress VERB cblr-1746 319 53 the the DET cblr-1746 319 54 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 319 55 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 319 56 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 319 57 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 319 58 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 319 59 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 319 60 it it PRON cblr-1746 319 61 certainly certainly ADV cblr-1746 319 62 does do AUX cblr-1746 319 63 not not PART cblr-1746 319 64 lead lead VERB cblr-1746 319 65 to to ADP cblr-1746 319 66 the the DET cblr-1746 319 67 conclusion conclusion NOUN cblr-1746 319 68 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 319 69 all all DET cblr-1746 319 70 class class NOUN cblr-1746 319 71 action action NOUN cblr-1746 319 72 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 319 73 present present ADJ cblr-1746 319 74 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 319 75 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 319 76 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 320 1 the the DET cblr-1746 320 2 separation separation NOUN cblr-1746 320 3 of of ADP cblr-1746 320 4 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 320 5 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 320 6 management management NOUN cblr-1746 320 7 does do AUX cblr-1746 320 8 not not PART cblr-1746 320 9 dictate dictate VERB cblr-1746 320 10 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 320 11 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 320 12 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 320 13 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 320 14 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 320 15 arise arise VERB cblr-1746 320 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 320 17 the the DET cblr-1746 320 18 magnitude magnitude NOUN cblr-1746 320 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 320 20 their their PRON cblr-1746 320 21 attendant attendant ADJ cblr-1746 320 22 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 320 23 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 320 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 320 25 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 320 26 the the DET cblr-1746 320 27 manner manner NOUN cblr-1746 320 28 in in ADP cblr-1746 320 29 which which PRON cblr-1746 320 30 those those DET cblr-1746 320 31 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 320 32 should should AUX cblr-1746 320 33 be be AUX cblr-1746 320 34 mitigated mitigate VERB cblr-1746 320 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 321 1 instead instead ADV cblr-1746 321 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 321 3 the the DET cblr-1746 321 4 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 321 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 321 6 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 321 7 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 321 8 is be AUX cblr-1746 321 9 better well ADV cblr-1746 321 10 viewed view VERB cblr-1746 321 11 as as ADP cblr-1746 321 12 one one NUM cblr-1746 321 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 321 14 several several ADJ cblr-1746 321 15 policy policy NOUN cblr-1746 321 16 options option NOUN cblr-1746 321 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 322 1 that that PRON cblr-1746 322 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 322 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 322 4 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 322 5 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 322 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 322 7 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 322 8 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 322 9 are be AUX cblr-1746 322 10 likely likely ADJ cblr-1746 322 11 to to PART cblr-1746 322 12 arise arise VERB cblr-1746 322 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 322 14 present present VERB cblr-1746 322 15 significant significant ADJ cblr-1746 322 16 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 322 17 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 322 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 322 19 particular particular ADJ cblr-1746 322 20 contexts,76 contexts,76 VERB cblr-1746 323 1 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 323 2 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 323 3 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 323 4 those those DET cblr-1746 323 5 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 323 6 should should AUX cblr-1746 323 7 be be AUX cblr-1746 323 8 regulated regulate VERB cblr-1746 323 9 does do AUX cblr-1746 323 10 not not PART cblr-1746 323 11 speak speak VERB cblr-1746 323 12 to to ADP cblr-1746 323 13 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 323 14 the the DET cblr-1746 323 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 323 16 action action NOUN cblr-1746 323 17 mechanism mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 323 18 as as ADP cblr-1746 323 19 a a DET cblr-1746 323 20 whole whole NOUN cblr-1746 323 21 should should AUX cblr-1746 323 22 be be AUX cblr-1746 323 23 theorized theorize VERB cblr-1746 323 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 324 1 74 74 NUM cblr-1746 324 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 324 3 logan logan PROPN cblr-1746 324 4 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 324 5 zimmerman zimmerman PROPN cblr-1746 324 6 brush brush PROPN cblr-1746 324 7 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 324 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 324 9 455 455 NUM cblr-1746 324 10 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 324 11 . . PROPN cblr-1746 324 12 422 422 NUM cblr-1746 324 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 324 14 428 428 NUM cblr-1746 324 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 324 16 1982 1982 NUM cblr-1746 324 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 324 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 324 19 stating state VERB cblr-1746 324 20 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 324 21 it it PRON cblr-1746 324 22 is be AUX cblr-1746 324 23 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 324 24 settled settle VERB cblr-1746 324 25 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 324 26 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 324 27 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 324 28 a a DET cblr-1746 324 29 cause cause NOUN cblr-1746 324 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 324 31 action action NOUN cblr-1746 324 32 is be AUX cblr-1746 324 33 a a DET cblr-1746 324 34 species species NOUN cblr-1746 324 35 of of ADP cblr-1746 324 36 property property NOUN cblr-1746 324 37 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 324 38 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 324 39 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 324 40 see see VERB cblr-1746 324 41 also also ADV cblr-1746 324 42 jeremy jeremy PROPN cblr-1746 324 43 a. a. PROPN cblr-1746 324 44 blumenthal blumenthal PROPN cblr-1746 324 45 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 324 46 legal legal ADJ cblr-1746 324 47 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 324 48 as as ADP cblr-1746 324 49 private private ADJ cblr-1746 324 50 property property NOUN cblr-1746 324 51 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 324 52 implications implication NOUN cblr-1746 324 53 for for ADP cblr-1746 324 54 eminent eminent ADJ cblr-1746 324 55 domain domain NOUN cblr-1746 324 56 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 324 57 36 36 NUM cblr-1746 324 58 hastings hasting NOUN cblr-1746 324 59 const const PROPN cblr-1746 324 60 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 325 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 325 2 q. q. PROPN cblr-1746 325 3 373 373 NUM cblr-1746 325 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 325 5 373 373 NUM cblr-1746 325 6 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 325 7 2009 2009 NUM cblr-1746 325 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 325 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 325 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 325 11 a a DET cblr-1746 325 12 lawsuit lawsuit NOUN cblr-1746 325 13 is be AUX cblr-1746 325 14 property property NOUN cblr-1746 325 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 326 1 a a DET cblr-1746 326 2 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 326 3 has have VERB cblr-1746 326 4 a a DET cblr-1746 326 5 private private ADJ cblr-1746 326 6 property property NOUN cblr-1746 326 7 right right ADV cblr-1746 326 8 in in ADP cblr-1746 326 9 his his PRON cblr-1746 326 10 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 326 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 326 12 action action NOUN cblr-1746 326 13 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 326 14 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 326 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 326 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 326 17 the the DET cblr-1746 326 18 right right NOUN cblr-1746 326 19 to to PART cblr-1746 326 20 sue sue VERB cblr-1746 326 21 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 326 22 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 326 23 in in ADP cblr-1746 326 24 his his PRON cblr-1746 326 25 lawsuit lawsuit NOUN cblr-1746 326 26 once once ADV cblr-1746 326 27 filed file VERB cblr-1746 326 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 326 29 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 326 30 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 326 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 327 1 75 75 NUM cblr-1746 327 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 327 3 lee lee PROPN cblr-1746 327 4 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 327 5 ford ford PROPN cblr-1746 327 6 tritt tritt NOUN cblr-1746 327 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 8 the the DET cblr-1746 327 9 limitations limitation NOUN cblr-1746 327 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 327 11 an an DET cblr-1746 327 12 economic economic ADJ cblr-1746 327 13 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 327 14 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 327 15 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 327 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 327 17 trust trust NOUN cblr-1746 327 18 law law NOUN cblr-1746 327 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 20 32 32 NUM cblr-1746 327 21 cardozo cardozo PROPN cblr-1746 327 22 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 327 23 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 327 24 . . PROPN cblr-1746 327 25 2579 2579 NUM cblr-1746 327 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 27 2593 2593 NUM cblr-1746 327 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 327 29 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 327 30 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 327 31 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 327 32 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 327 33 accordingly accordingly ADV cblr-1746 327 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 35 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 327 36 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 327 37 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 327 38 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 327 39 attempts attempt VERB cblr-1746 327 40 to to PART cblr-1746 327 41 both both PRON cblr-1746 327 42 identify identify VERB cblr-1746 327 43 the the DET cblr-1746 327 44 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 327 45 which which PRON cblr-1746 327 46 are be AUX cblr-1746 327 47 inherent inherent ADJ cblr-1746 327 48 in in ADP cblr-1746 327 49 dividing divide VERB cblr-1746 327 50 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 327 51 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 327 52 control control NOUN cblr-1746 327 53 of of ADP cblr-1746 327 54 a a DET cblr-1746 327 55 corporation corporation NOUN cblr-1746 327 56 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 57 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 327 58 to to PART cblr-1746 327 59 minimize minimize VERB cblr-1746 327 60 them they PRON cblr-1746 327 61 through through ADP cblr-1746 327 62 more more ADV cblr-1746 327 63 efficient efficient ADJ cblr-1746 327 64 incentive incentive NOUN cblr-1746 327 65 schemes scheme NOUN cblr-1746 327 66 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 327 67 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 327 68 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 327 69 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 327 70 richard richard PROPN cblr-1746 327 71 m. m. PROPN cblr-1746 327 72 hynes hynes PROPN cblr-1746 327 73 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 74 securitization securitization NOUN cblr-1746 327 75 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 76 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 327 77 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 327 78 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 79 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 327 80 the the DET cblr-1746 327 81 subprime subprime ADJ cblr-1746 327 82 crisis crisis NOUN cblr-1746 327 83 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 84 4 4 NUM cblr-1746 327 85 va va NOUN cblr-1746 327 86 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 327 87 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 327 88 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 327 89 bus bus PROPN cblr-1746 327 90 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 327 91 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 327 92 . . PROPN cblr-1746 327 93 231 231 NUM cblr-1746 327 94 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 95 274 274 NUM cblr-1746 327 96 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 327 97 2009 2009 NUM cblr-1746 327 98 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 327 99 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 327 100 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 327 101 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 327 102 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 327 103 are be AUX cblr-1746 327 104 a a DET cblr-1746 327 105 result result NOUN cblr-1746 327 106 of of ADP cblr-1746 327 107 the the DET cblr-1746 327 108 separation separation NOUN cblr-1746 327 109 of of ADP cblr-1746 327 110 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 327 111 from from ADP cblr-1746 327 112 control control NOUN cblr-1746 327 113 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 327 114 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 327 115 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 327 116 see see VERB cblr-1746 327 117 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 327 118 michael michael PROPN cblr-1746 327 119 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 327 120 meurer meurer PROPN cblr-1746 327 121 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 122 law law NOUN cblr-1746 327 123 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 124 economics economic NOUN cblr-1746 327 125 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 126 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 327 127 the the DET cblr-1746 327 128 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 327 129 of of ADP cblr-1746 327 130 the the DET cblr-1746 327 131 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 327 132 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 327 133 52 52 NUM cblr-1746 327 134 buff buff PROPN cblr-1746 327 135 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 328 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 328 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 328 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 329 1 727 727 NUM cblr-1746 329 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 329 3 2004 2004 NUM cblr-1746 329 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 330 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 330 2 noting note VERB cblr-1746 330 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 330 4 the the DET cblr-1746 330 5 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 330 6 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 330 7 rests rest VERB cblr-1746 330 8 on on ADP cblr-1746 330 9 a a DET cblr-1746 330 10 separation separation NOUN cblr-1746 330 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 330 12 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 330 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 330 14 management management NOUN cblr-1746 330 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 330 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 331 1 76 76 NUM cblr-1746 331 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 331 3 infra infra NOUN cblr-1746 331 4 section section NOUN cblr-1746 331 5 iv.a.1 iv.a.1 NOUN cblr-1746 331 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 332 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 332 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 332 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 332 4 760 760 NUM cblr-1746 332 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 332 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 332 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 332 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 333 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 333 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 333 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 333 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 333 5 comparing compare VERB cblr-1746 333 6 the the DET cblr-1746 333 7 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 333 8 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 333 9 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 333 10 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 333 11 to to ADP cblr-1746 333 12 an an DET cblr-1746 333 13 alternative alternative NOUN cblr-1746 333 14 illustrates illustrate VERB cblr-1746 333 15 why why SCONJ cblr-1746 333 16 both both PRON cblr-1746 333 17 are be AUX cblr-1746 333 18 better well ADV cblr-1746 333 19 suited suit VERB cblr-1746 333 20 as as ADP cblr-1746 333 21 two two NUM cblr-1746 333 22 among among ADP cblr-1746 333 23 several several ADJ cblr-1746 333 24 policy policy NOUN cblr-1746 333 25 options option NOUN cblr-1746 333 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 334 1 contra contra PROPN cblr-1746 334 2 the the DET cblr-1746 334 3 status status PROPN cblr-1746 334 4 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 334 5 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 334 6 focus focus NOUN cblr-1746 334 7 on on ADP cblr-1746 334 8 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 334 9 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 334 10 current current ADJ cblr-1746 334 11 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 334 12 optimally optimally ADV cblr-1746 334 13 aligns align VERB cblr-1746 334 14 incentives incentive NOUN cblr-1746 334 15 to to PART cblr-1746 334 16 serve serve VERB cblr-1746 334 17 the the DET cblr-1746 334 18 ends end NOUN cblr-1746 334 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 334 20 compensating compensate VERB cblr-1746 334 21 absent absent ADJ cblr-1746 334 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 334 23 members member NOUN cblr-1746 334 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 334 25 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 334 26 some some DET cblr-1746 334 27 scholars scholar NOUN cblr-1746 334 28 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 334 29 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 334 30 posit posit VERB cblr-1746 334 31 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 334 32 the the DET cblr-1746 334 33 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 334 34 appropriate appropriate ADJ cblr-1746 334 35 lens lens NOUN cblr-1746 334 36 [ [ X cblr-1746 334 37 is be AUX cblr-1746 334 38 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 334 39 deterrence deterrence NOUN cblr-1746 334 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 334 41 ”77 ”77 PUNCT cblr-1746 335 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 335 2 this this DET cblr-1746 335 3 group group NOUN cblr-1746 335 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 335 5 the the DET cblr-1746 335 6 appropriate appropriate ADJ cblr-1746 335 7 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 335 8 by by ADP cblr-1746 335 9 which which PRON cblr-1746 335 10 to to PART cblr-1746 335 11 analyze analyze VERB cblr-1746 335 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 335 13 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 335 14 is be AUX cblr-1746 335 15 not not PART cblr-1746 335 16 the the DET cblr-1746 335 17 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 335 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 335 19 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 335 20 relationship relationship NOUN cblr-1746 335 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 335 22 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 335 23 instead instead ADV cblr-1746 335 24 the the DET cblr-1746 335 25 optimization optimization NOUN cblr-1746 335 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 335 27 social social ADJ cblr-1746 335 28 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 335 29 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 335 30 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 335 31 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 335 32 should should AUX cblr-1746 335 33 be be AUX cblr-1746 335 34 applied apply VERB cblr-1746 335 35 in in ADP cblr-1746 335 36 order order NOUN cblr-1746 335 37 to to PART cblr-1746 335 38 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 335 39 provide provide VERB cblr-1746 335 40 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 335 41 deterrence deterrence NOUN cblr-1746 335 42 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 335 43 of of ADP cblr-1746 335 44 bad bad ADJ cblr-1746 335 45 actors.78 actors.78 NOUN cblr-1746 335 46 although although SCONJ cblr-1746 335 47 it it PRON cblr-1746 335 48 rests rest VERB cblr-1746 335 49 on on ADP cblr-1746 335 50 solid solid ADJ cblr-1746 335 51 ground ground NOUN cblr-1746 335 52 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 335 53 raises raise VERB cblr-1746 335 54 valid valid ADJ cblr-1746 335 55 arguments argument NOUN cblr-1746 335 56 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 335 57 this this DET cblr-1746 335 58 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 335 59 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 335 60 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 335 61 falls fall VERB cblr-1746 335 62 prey prey NOUN cblr-1746 335 63 to to ADP cblr-1746 335 64 the the DET cblr-1746 335 65 same same ADJ cblr-1746 335 66 critique critique NOUN cblr-1746 335 67 as as ADP cblr-1746 335 68 its its PRON cblr-1746 335 69 declared declare VERB cblr-1746 335 70 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 335 71 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 335 72 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 335 73 adversary.79 adversary.79 NOUN cblr-1746 335 74 specifically specifically ADV cblr-1746 335 75 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 335 76 both both PRON cblr-1746 335 77 rely rely VERB cblr-1746 335 78 on on ADP cblr-1746 335 79 accurate accurate ADJ cblr-1746 335 80 observations observation NOUN cblr-1746 335 81 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 335 82 class class NOUN cblr-1746 335 83 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 335 84 can can AUX cblr-1746 335 85 give give VERB cblr-1746 335 86 rise rise NOUN cblr-1746 335 87 to to ADP cblr-1746 335 88 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 335 89 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 335 90 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 335 91 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 335 92 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 335 93 just just ADV cblr-1746 335 94 as as ADV cblr-1746 335 95 surely surely ADV cblr-1746 335 96 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 335 97 they they PRON cblr-1746 335 98 can can AUX cblr-1746 335 99 augment augment VERB cblr-1746 335 100 deterrence deterrence NOUN cblr-1746 335 101 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 335 102 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 335 103 neither neither PRON cblr-1746 335 104 illuminates illuminate VERB cblr-1746 335 105 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 335 106 class class NOUN cblr-1746 335 107 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 335 108 should should AUX cblr-1746 335 109 be be AUX cblr-1746 335 110 systematically systematically ADV cblr-1746 335 111 analyzed analyze VERB cblr-1746 335 112 across across ADP cblr-1746 335 113 cases case NOUN cblr-1746 335 114 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 335 115 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 335 116 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 336 1 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 336 2 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 336 3 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 336 4 deterrence deterrence NOUN cblr-1746 336 5 are be AUX cblr-1746 336 6 often often ADV cblr-1746 336 7 both both PRON cblr-1746 336 8 at at ADP cblr-1746 336 9 play play NOUN cblr-1746 336 10 on on ADP cblr-1746 336 11 opposite opposite ADJ cblr-1746 336 12 sides side NOUN cblr-1746 336 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 336 14 the the DET cblr-1746 336 15 ledger ledger NOUN cblr-1746 336 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 337 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 337 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 337 3 not not PART cblr-1746 337 4 obvious obvious ADJ cblr-1746 337 5 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 337 6 a a DET cblr-1746 337 7 court court NOUN cblr-1746 337 8 presented present VERB cblr-1746 337 9 with with ADP cblr-1746 337 10 both both CCONJ cblr-1746 337 11 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 337 12 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 337 13 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 337 14 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 337 15 deterrence deterrence NOUN cblr-1746 337 16 arguments argument NOUN cblr-1746 337 17 should should AUX cblr-1746 337 18 proceed proceed VERB cblr-1746 337 19 on on ADP cblr-1746 337 20 the the DET cblr-1746 337 21 limitless limitless ADJ cblr-1746 337 22 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 337 23 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 337 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 337 25 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 337 26 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 337 27 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 337 28 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 337 29 pose pose NOUN cblr-1746 337 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 338 1 these these DET cblr-1746 338 2 at at ADP cblr-1746 338 3 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 338 4 time time NOUN cblr-1746 338 5 warring war VERB cblr-1746 338 6 approaches80 approaches80 NOUN cblr-1746 338 7 are be AUX cblr-1746 338 8 policy policy NOUN cblr-1746 338 9 options option NOUN cblr-1746 338 10 to to PART cblr-1746 338 11 be be AUX cblr-1746 338 12 77 77 NUM cblr-1746 338 13 gilles gille NOUN cblr-1746 338 14 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 338 15 friedman friedman PROPN cblr-1746 338 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 338 17 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 338 18 note note PROPN cblr-1746 338 19 32 32 NUM cblr-1746 338 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 338 21 at at ADP cblr-1746 338 22 105 105 NUM cblr-1746 338 23 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 338 24 emphasis emphasis NOUN cblr-1746 338 25 added add VERB cblr-1746 338 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 338 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 339 1 78 78 NUM cblr-1746 340 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 340 2 d. d. NOUN cblr-1746 340 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 340 4 106–07 106–07 NUM cblr-1746 340 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 341 1 79 79 NUM cblr-1746 341 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 341 3 i i PRON cblr-1746 341 4 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 341 5 at at ADP cblr-1746 341 6 107 107 NUM cblr-1746 341 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 341 8 arguing argue VERB cblr-1746 341 9 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 341 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 341 11 any any DET cblr-1746 341 12 goal goal NOUN cblr-1746 341 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 341 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 341 15 member member NOUN cblr-1746 341 16 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 341 17 must must AUX cblr-1746 341 18 be be AUX cblr-1746 341 19 utterly utterly ADV cblr-1746 341 20 disregarded disregard VERB cblr-1746 341 21 in in ADP cblr-1746 341 22 favor favor NOUN cblr-1746 341 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 341 24 a a DET cblr-1746 341 25 separate separate ADJ cblr-1746 341 26 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 341 27 often often ADV cblr-1746 341 28 competing compete VERB cblr-1746 341 29 objective objective NOUN cblr-1746 341 30 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 341 31 forcing force VERB cblr-1746 341 32 companies company NOUN cblr-1746 341 33 to to PART cblr-1746 341 34 internalize internalize VERB cblr-1746 341 35 the the DET cblr-1746 341 36 social social ADJ cblr-1746 341 37 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 341 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 341 39 undesirable undesirable ADJ cblr-1746 341 40 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 341 41 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 341 42 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 341 43 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 342 1 80 80 NUM cblr-1746 342 2 to to PART cblr-1746 342 3 crudely crudely ADV cblr-1746 342 4 generalize generalize VERB cblr-1746 342 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 342 6 the the DET cblr-1746 342 7 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 342 8 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 342 9 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 342 10 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 342 11 prefers prefer VERB cblr-1746 342 12 smaller small ADJ cblr-1746 342 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 342 14 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 342 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 342 16 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 342 17 the the DET cblr-1746 342 18 deterrence deterrence NOUN cblr-1746 342 19 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 342 20 centric centric ADJ cblr-1746 342 21 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 342 22 prefers prefer VERB cblr-1746 342 23 larger large ADJ cblr-1746 342 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 342 25 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 342 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 342 27 though though SCONJ cblr-1746 342 28 the the DET cblr-1746 342 29 latter latter ADJ cblr-1746 342 30 certainly certainly ADV cblr-1746 342 31 recognizes recognize VERB cblr-1746 342 32 overdeterrence overdeterrence NOUN cblr-1746 342 33 as as ADP cblr-1746 342 34 a a DET cblr-1746 342 35 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 342 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 343 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 343 2 i i PRON cblr-1746 343 3 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 343 4 at at ADP cblr-1746 343 5 155 155 NUM cblr-1746 343 6 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 343 7 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 343 8 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 343 9 we we PRON cblr-1746 343 10 measure measure VERB cblr-1746 343 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 343 12 action action NOUN cblr-1746 343 13 rules rule NOUN cblr-1746 343 14 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 343 15 proposals proposal NOUN cblr-1746 343 16 by by ADP cblr-1746 343 17 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 343 18 they they PRON cblr-1746 343 19 increase increase VERB cblr-1746 343 20 deterrent deterrent NOUN cblr-1746 343 21 value value NOUN cblr-1746 343 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 343 23 do do AUX cblr-1746 343 24 we we PRON cblr-1746 343 25 not not PART cblr-1746 343 26 run run VERB cblr-1746 343 27 the the DET cblr-1746 343 28 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 343 29 of of ADP cblr-1746 343 30 overdeterring overdeterring ADJ cblr-1746 343 31 efficient efficient ADJ cblr-1746 343 32 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 343 33 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 344 1 after after ADV cblr-1746 344 2 all all ADV cblr-1746 344 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 344 4 to to PART cblr-1746 344 5 deter deter VERB cblr-1746 344 6 optimally optimally ADV cblr-1746 344 7 is be AUX cblr-1746 344 8 not not PART cblr-1746 344 9 to to PART cblr-1746 344 10 deter deter VERB cblr-1746 344 11 maximally maximally ADV cblr-1746 344 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 344 13 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 344 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 344 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 345 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 345 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 345 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 345 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 345 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 346 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 346 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 346 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 346 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 346 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 346 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 346 7 761 761 NUM cblr-1746 346 8 balanced balanced ADJ cblr-1746 346 9 against against ADP cblr-1746 346 10 one one NUM cblr-1746 346 11 another another DET cblr-1746 346 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 347 1 they they PRON cblr-1746 347 2 do do AUX cblr-1746 347 3 not not PART cblr-1746 347 4 guide guide VERB cblr-1746 347 5 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 347 6 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 347 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 347 8 all all DET cblr-1746 347 9 instances.81 instances.81 PROPN cblr-1746 347 10 iii iii PROPN cblr-1746 347 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 348 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 348 2 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 348 3 as as ADP cblr-1746 348 4 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 348 5 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 348 6 than than ADP cblr-1746 348 7 view view VERB cblr-1746 348 8 the the DET cblr-1746 348 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 348 10 action action NOUN cblr-1746 348 11 mechanism mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 348 12 as as ADV cblr-1746 348 13 little little ADV cblr-1746 348 14 more more ADJ cblr-1746 348 15 than than ADP cblr-1746 348 16 a a DET cblr-1746 348 17 cesspool cesspool NOUN cblr-1746 348 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 348 19 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 348 20 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 348 21 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 348 22 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 348 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 348 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 348 25 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 348 26 should should AUX cblr-1746 348 27 be be AUX cblr-1746 348 28 evaluated evaluate VERB cblr-1746 348 29 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 348 30 analyzed analyze VERB cblr-1746 348 31 as as ADP cblr-1746 348 32 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 348 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 349 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 349 2 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 349 3 parallel parallel ADJ cblr-1746 349 4 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 349 5 in in ADP cblr-1746 349 6 a a DET cblr-1746 349 7 number number NOUN cblr-1746 349 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 349 9 ways way NOUN cblr-1746 349 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 349 11 making make VERB cblr-1746 349 12 the the DET cblr-1746 349 13 two two NUM cblr-1746 349 14 apt apt ADJ cblr-1746 349 15 for for ADP cblr-1746 349 16 comparison comparison NOUN cblr-1746 349 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 350 1 so so ADV cblr-1746 350 2 viewed view VERB cblr-1746 350 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 350 4 the the DET cblr-1746 350 5 potentially potentially ADV cblr-1746 350 6 deleterious deleterious ADJ cblr-1746 350 7 effects effect NOUN cblr-1746 350 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 350 9 the the DET cblr-1746 350 10 status status NOUN cblr-1746 350 11 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 350 12 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 350 13 preferred prefer VERB cblr-1746 350 14 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 350 15 are be AUX cblr-1746 350 16 brought bring VERB cblr-1746 350 17 into into ADP cblr-1746 350 18 focus focus NOUN cblr-1746 350 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 351 1 the the DET cblr-1746 351 2 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 351 3 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 351 4 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 351 5 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 351 6 roughly roughly ADV cblr-1746 351 7 maps map VERB cblr-1746 351 8 onto onto ADP cblr-1746 351 9 the the DET cblr-1746 351 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 351 11 managerial managerial ADJ cblr-1746 351 12 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 351 13 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 351 14 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 351 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 351 16 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 351 17 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 351 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 351 19 the the DET cblr-1746 351 20 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 351 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 351 22 which which PRON cblr-1746 351 23 narrowly narrowly ADV cblr-1746 351 24 focuses focus VERB cblr-1746 351 25 on on ADP cblr-1746 351 26 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 351 27 in in ADP cblr-1746 351 28 nearly nearly ADV cblr-1746 351 29 all all PRON cblr-1746 351 30 instances.82 instances.82 NOUN cblr-1746 351 31 by by ADP cblr-1746 351 32 contrast contrast NOUN cblr-1746 351 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 351 34 the the DET cblr-1746 351 35 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 351 36 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 351 37 maps map NOUN cblr-1746 351 38 onto onto ADP cblr-1746 351 39 the the DET cblr-1746 351 40 coasean coasean ADJ cblr-1746 351 41 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 351 42 transaction transaction NOUN cblr-1746 351 43 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 351 44 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 351 45 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 351 46 of of ADP cblr-1746 351 47 the the DET cblr-1746 351 48 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 351 49 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 352 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 352 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 352 3 worth worth ADJ cblr-1746 352 4 noting note VERB cblr-1746 352 5 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 352 6 these these DET cblr-1746 352 7 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 352 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 352 9 the the DET cblr-1746 352 10 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 352 11 are be AUX cblr-1746 352 12 not not PART cblr-1746 352 13 mutually mutually ADV cblr-1746 352 14 exclusive exclusive ADJ cblr-1746 352 15 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 352 16 likewise likewise ADV cblr-1746 352 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 352 18 the the DET cblr-1746 352 19 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 352 20 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 352 21 is be AUX cblr-1746 352 22 not not PART cblr-1746 352 23 at at ADP cblr-1746 352 24 war war NOUN cblr-1746 352 25 with with ADP cblr-1746 352 26 the the DET cblr-1746 352 27 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 352 28 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 352 29 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 352 30 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 352 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 353 1 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 353 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 353 3 the the DET cblr-1746 353 4 former former ADJ cblr-1746 353 5 subsumes subsume VERB cblr-1746 353 6 the the DET cblr-1746 353 7 most most ADV cblr-1746 353 8 useful useful ADJ cblr-1746 353 9 parts part NOUN cblr-1746 353 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 353 11 the the DET cblr-1746 353 12 latter latter ADJ cblr-1746 353 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 354 1 a. a. NOUN cblr-1746 354 2 parallels parallel VERB cblr-1746 354 3 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 354 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 354 5 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 354 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 354 7 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 354 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 354 9 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 354 10 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 354 11 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 354 12 share share VERB cblr-1746 354 13 at at ADV cblr-1746 354 14 least least ADV cblr-1746 354 15 three three NUM cblr-1746 354 16 features feature NOUN cblr-1746 354 17 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 354 18 inception inception ADJ cblr-1746 354 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 354 20 purpose purpose NOUN cblr-1746 354 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 354 22 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 354 23 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 354 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 355 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 355 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 355 3 noteworthy noteworthy ADJ cblr-1746 355 4 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 355 5 the the DET cblr-1746 355 6 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 355 7 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 355 8 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 355 9 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 355 10 recognizes recognize VERB cblr-1746 355 11 these these DET cblr-1746 355 12 parallels parallel NOUN cblr-1746 355 13 as as ADP cblr-1746 355 14 hallmarks hallmark NOUN cblr-1746 355 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 355 16 the the DET cblr-1746 355 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 355 18 action action NOUN cblr-1746 355 19 mechanism mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 355 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 356 1 as as ADP cblr-1746 356 2 such such ADJ cblr-1746 356 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 356 4 this this PRON cblr-1746 356 5 is be AUX cblr-1746 356 6 not not PART cblr-1746 356 7 a a DET cblr-1746 356 8 deconstructive deconstructive ADJ cblr-1746 356 9 project project NOUN cblr-1746 356 10 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 356 11 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 356 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 356 13 it it PRON cblr-1746 356 14 builds build VERB cblr-1746 356 15 with with ADP cblr-1746 356 16 an an DET cblr-1746 356 17 eye eye NOUN cblr-1746 356 18 toward toward ADP cblr-1746 356 19 constructing construct VERB cblr-1746 356 20 a a DET cblr-1746 356 21 more more ADV cblr-1746 356 22 complete complete ADJ cblr-1746 356 23 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 356 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 357 1 81 81 NUM cblr-1746 357 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 357 3 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 357 4 william william PROPN cblr-1746 357 5 h.j h.j PROPN cblr-1746 357 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 357 7 hubbard hubbard PROPN cblr-1746 357 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 357 9 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 357 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 357 11 size size NOUN cblr-1746 357 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 357 13 dukes duke NOUN cblr-1746 357 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 357 15 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 357 16 the the DET cblr-1746 357 17 funny funny ADJ cblr-1746 357 18 thing thing NOUN cblr-1746 357 19 about about ADP cblr-1746 357 20 shady shady ADJ cblr-1746 357 21 grove grove NOUN cblr-1746 357 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 357 23 62 62 NUM cblr-1746 357 24 depaul depaul PROPN cblr-1746 357 25 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 357 26 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 357 27 . . PROPN cblr-1746 357 28 693 693 NUM cblr-1746 357 29 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 357 30 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 357 31 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 357 32 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 358 1 82 82 NUM cblr-1746 358 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 358 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 358 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 358 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 358 6 william william PROPN cblr-1746 358 7 w. w. PROPN cblr-1746 358 8 bratton bratton PROPN cblr-1746 358 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 358 10 jr jr PROPN cblr-1746 358 11 . . PROPN cblr-1746 358 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 358 13 the the DET cblr-1746 358 14 new new ADJ cblr-1746 358 15 economic economic ADJ cblr-1746 358 16 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 358 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 358 18 the the DET cblr-1746 358 19 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 358 20 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 358 21 critical critical ADJ cblr-1746 358 22 perspectives perspective NOUN cblr-1746 358 23 from from ADP cblr-1746 358 24 history history NOUN cblr-1746 358 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 358 26 41 41 NUM cblr-1746 358 27 stan stan PROPN cblr-1746 358 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 359 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 359 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 359 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 359 4 1471 1471 NUM cblr-1746 359 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 359 6 1476 1476 NUM cblr-1746 359 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 359 8 1989 1989 NUM cblr-1746 359 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 359 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 360 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 360 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 360 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 360 4 762 762 NUM cblr-1746 360 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 360 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 360 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 360 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 361 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 361 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 361 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 361 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 361 5 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 361 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 362 1 inception inception NOUN cblr-1746 362 2 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 362 3 separation separation NOUN cblr-1746 362 4 of of ADP cblr-1746 362 5 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 362 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 362 7 management management NOUN cblr-1746 362 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 362 9 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 362 10 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 362 11 initiates initiate VERB cblr-1746 362 12 a a DET cblr-1746 362 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 362 14 action action NOUN cblr-1746 362 15 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 362 16 more more ADV cblr-1746 362 17 often often ADV cblr-1746 362 18 than than ADP cblr-1746 362 19 not not PART cblr-1746 362 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 362 21 it it PRON cblr-1746 362 22 is be AUX cblr-1746 362 23 incumbent incumbent ADJ cblr-1746 362 24 upon upon SCONJ cblr-1746 362 25 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 362 26 to to PART cblr-1746 362 27 identify identify VERB cblr-1746 362 28 the the DET cblr-1746 362 29 alleged allege VERB cblr-1746 362 30 wrongdoing wrongdoing NOUN cblr-1746 362 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 362 32 locate locate ADJ cblr-1746 362 33 named name VERB cblr-1746 362 34 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 362 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 362 36 determine determine VERB cblr-1746 362 37 the the DET cblr-1746 362 38 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 362 39 of of ADP cblr-1746 362 40 the the DET cblr-1746 362 41 class class NOUN cblr-1746 362 42 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 362 43 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 362 44 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 362 45 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 362 46 is be AUX cblr-1746 362 47 the the DET cblr-1746 362 48 case case NOUN cblr-1746 362 49 in in ADP cblr-1746 362 50 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 362 51 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 362 52 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 362 53 pursue pursue VERB cblr-1746 362 54 the the DET cblr-1746 362 55 action.83 action.83 NOUN cblr-1746 362 56 it it PRON cblr-1746 362 57 can can AUX cblr-1746 362 58 be be AUX cblr-1746 362 59 extremely extremely ADV cblr-1746 362 60 costly costly ADJ cblr-1746 362 61 for for SCONJ cblr-1746 362 62 class class NOUN cblr-1746 362 63 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 362 64 to to PART cblr-1746 362 65 wait wait VERB cblr-1746 362 66 for for ADP cblr-1746 362 67 a a DET cblr-1746 362 68 potential potential ADJ cblr-1746 362 69 lead lead NOUN cblr-1746 362 70 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 362 71 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 362 72 for for ADP cblr-1746 362 73 example example NOUN cblr-1746 362 74 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 362 75 in in ADP cblr-1746 362 76 the the DET cblr-1746 362 77 securities security NOUN cblr-1746 362 78 context context NOUN cblr-1746 362 79 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 362 80 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 362 81 most most ADV cblr-1746 362 82 commonly commonly ADV cblr-1746 362 83 select select ADJ cblr-1746 362 84 lead lead NOUN cblr-1746 362 85 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 362 86 by by ADP cblr-1746 362 87 appointing appoint VERB cblr-1746 362 88 the the DET cblr-1746 362 89 lawyer lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 362 90 who who PRON cblr-1746 362 91 files file VERB cblr-1746 362 92 the the DET cblr-1746 362 93 first first ADJ cblr-1746 362 94 complaint complaint NOUN cblr-1746 362 95 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 363 1 ”84 ”84 NOUN cblr-1746 364 1 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 364 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 364 3 of of ADP cblr-1746 364 4 course course NOUN cblr-1746 364 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 364 6 class class NOUN cblr-1746 364 7 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 364 8 direct direct ADJ cblr-1746 364 9 which which DET cblr-1746 364 10 arguments argument NOUN cblr-1746 364 11 are be AUX cblr-1746 364 12 leveled level VERB cblr-1746 364 13 on on ADP cblr-1746 364 14 behalf behalf NOUN cblr-1746 364 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 364 16 certification,85 certification,85 NOUN cblr-1746 364 17 frequently frequently ADV cblr-1746 364 18 deciding decide VERB cblr-1746 364 19 which which DET cblr-1746 364 20 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 364 21 are be AUX cblr-1746 364 22 brought bring VERB cblr-1746 364 23 in in ADP cblr-1746 364 24 the the DET cblr-1746 364 25 first first ADJ cblr-1746 364 26 instance.86 instance.86 NOUN cblr-1746 364 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 364 28 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 364 29 may may AUX cblr-1746 364 30 opt opt VERB cblr-1746 364 31 to to PART cblr-1746 364 32 exclude exclude VERB cblr-1746 364 33 certain certain ADJ cblr-1746 364 34 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 364 35 for for ADP cblr-1746 364 36 a a DET cblr-1746 364 37 variety variety NOUN cblr-1746 364 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 364 39 reasons reason NOUN cblr-1746 364 40 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 364 41 including include VERB cblr-1746 364 42 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 364 43 to to PART cblr-1746 364 44 avoid avoid VERB cblr-1746 364 45 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 364 46 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 364 47 take take VERB cblr-1746 364 48 advantage advantage NOUN cblr-1746 364 49 of of ADP cblr-1746 364 50 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 364 51 venue venue NOUN cblr-1746 364 52 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 364 53 jurisdictional jurisdictional ADJ cblr-1746 364 54 limitations limitation NOUN cblr-1746 364 55 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 364 56 to to PART cblr-1746 364 57 prevent prevent VERB cblr-1746 364 58 removal removal NOUN cblr-1746 364 59 to to ADP cblr-1746 364 60 federal federal ADJ cblr-1746 364 61 court court NOUN cblr-1746 364 62 of of ADP cblr-1746 364 63 a a DET cblr-1746 364 64 state state NOUN cblr-1746 364 65 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 364 66 court court NOUN cblr-1746 364 67 class class NOUN cblr-1746 364 68 action action NOUN cblr-1746 364 69 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 364 70 to to PART cblr-1746 364 71 evade evade VERB cblr-1746 364 72 evidentiary evidentiary ADJ cblr-1746 364 73 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 364 74 that that PRON cblr-1746 364 75 could could AUX cblr-1746 364 76 be be AUX cblr-1746 364 77 harmful harmful ADJ cblr-1746 364 78 to to ADP cblr-1746 364 79 existing exist VERB cblr-1746 364 80 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 364 81 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 364 82 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 364 83 simply simply ADV cblr-1746 364 84 to to PART cblr-1746 364 85 drop drop VERB cblr-1746 364 86 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 364 87 as as ADP cblr-1746 364 88 to to ADP cblr-1746 364 89 which which PRON cblr-1746 364 90 the the DET cblr-1746 364 91 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 364 92 had have AUX cblr-1746 364 93 little little ADJ cblr-1746 364 94 hope hope NOUN cblr-1746 364 95 of of ADP cblr-1746 364 96 success success NOUN cblr-1746 364 97 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 365 1 ”87 ”87 PROPN cblr-1746 365 2 class class NOUN cblr-1746 365 3 members member NOUN cblr-1746 365 4 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 365 5 including include VERB cblr-1746 365 6 named name VERB cblr-1746 365 7 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 365 8 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 365 9 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 365 10 do do AUX cblr-1746 365 11 not not PART cblr-1746 365 12 participate participate VERB cblr-1746 365 13 in in ADP cblr-1746 365 14 strategy strategy NOUN cblr-1746 365 15 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 365 16 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 365 17 discussions discussion NOUN cblr-1746 365 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 365 19 leaving leave VERB cblr-1746 365 20 83 83 NUM cblr-1746 365 21 see see NOUN cblr-1746 365 22 jill jill PROPN cblr-1746 365 23 e. e. PROPN cblr-1746 365 24 fisch fisch PROPN cblr-1746 365 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 365 26 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 365 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 365 28 auctions auction NOUN cblr-1746 365 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 365 30 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 365 31 other other ADJ cblr-1746 365 32 developments development NOUN cblr-1746 365 33 in in ADP cblr-1746 365 34 the the DET cblr-1746 365 35 selection selection NOUN cblr-1746 365 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 365 37 lead lead ADJ cblr-1746 365 38 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 365 39 under under ADP cblr-1746 365 40 the the DET cblr-1746 365 41 pslra pslra NOUN cblr-1746 365 42 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 365 43 64 64 NUM cblr-1746 365 44 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 365 45 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 365 46 contemp contemp PROPN cblr-1746 365 47 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 366 1 probs prob NOUN cblr-1746 366 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 367 1 53 53 NUM cblr-1746 367 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 367 3 56 56 NUM cblr-1746 367 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 367 5 2001 2001 NUM cblr-1746 367 6 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 367 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 367 8 noting note VERB cblr-1746 367 9 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 367 10 it it PRON cblr-1746 367 11 is be AUX cblr-1746 367 12 incumbent incumbent ADJ cblr-1746 367 13 upon upon SCONJ cblr-1746 367 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 367 15 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 367 16 to to PART cblr-1746 367 17 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 367 18 investigate investigate VERB cblr-1746 367 19 potential potential ADJ cblr-1746 367 20 causes cause NOUN cblr-1746 367 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 367 22 action action NOUN cblr-1746 367 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 367 24 mobilize mobilize VERB cblr-1746 367 25 the the DET cblr-1746 367 26 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 367 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 367 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 367 29 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 367 30 bear bear VERB cblr-1746 367 31 the the DET cblr-1746 367 32 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 367 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 367 34 risks risk NOUN cblr-1746 367 35 associated associate VERB cblr-1746 367 36 with with ADP cblr-1746 367 37 the the DET cblr-1746 367 38 suit suit NOUN cblr-1746 367 39 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 367 40 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 367 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 368 1 84 84 NUM cblr-1746 369 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 369 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 369 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 369 4 56 56 NUM cblr-1746 369 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 369 6 citing cite VERB cblr-1746 369 7 elliott elliott PROPN cblr-1746 369 8 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 369 9 weiss weiss PROPN cblr-1746 369 10 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 369 11 john john PROPN cblr-1746 369 12 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 369 13 beckerman beckerman PROPN cblr-1746 369 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 369 15 let let VERB cblr-1746 369 16 the the DET cblr-1746 369 17 money money NOUN cblr-1746 369 18 do do VERB cblr-1746 369 19 the the DET cblr-1746 369 20 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 369 21 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 369 22 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 369 23 institutional institutional ADJ cblr-1746 369 24 investors investor NOUN cblr-1746 369 25 can can AUX cblr-1746 369 26 reduce reduce VERB cblr-1746 369 27 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 369 28 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 369 29 in in ADP cblr-1746 369 30 securities security NOUN cblr-1746 369 31 class class NOUN cblr-1746 369 32 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 369 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 369 34 104 104 NUM cblr-1746 369 35 yale yale PROPN cblr-1746 369 36 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 369 37 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 369 38 2053 2053 NUM cblr-1746 369 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 369 40 2062 2062 NUM cblr-1746 369 41 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 369 42 1995 1995 NUM cblr-1746 369 43 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 369 44 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 369 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 370 1 85 85 NUM cblr-1746 370 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 370 3 issacharoff issacharoff NOUN cblr-1746 370 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 370 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 370 6 note note NOUN cblr-1746 370 7 32 32 NUM cblr-1746 370 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 370 9 at at ADP cblr-1746 370 10 346 346 NUM cblr-1746 370 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 370 12 noting note VERB cblr-1746 370 13 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 370 14 even even ADV cblr-1746 370 15 in in ADP cblr-1746 370 16 ostensibly ostensibly ADV cblr-1746 370 17 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 370 18 similar similar ADJ cblr-1746 370 19 [ [ X cblr-1746 370 20 ] ] X cblr-1746 370 21 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 370 22 asbestos asbestos NOUN cblr-1746 370 23 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 370 24 related relate VERB cblr-1746 370 25 class class NOUN cblr-1746 370 26 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 370 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 370 28 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 370 29 advanced advanced ADJ cblr-1746 370 30 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 370 31 different different ADJ cblr-1746 370 32 bases basis NOUN cblr-1746 370 33 for for ADP cblr-1746 370 34 the the DET cblr-1746 370 35 requested request VERB cblr-1746 370 36 class class NOUN cblr-1746 370 37 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 370 38 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 370 39 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 370 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 371 1 86 86 NUM cblr-1746 371 2 edward edward PROPN cblr-1746 371 3 f. f. PROPN cblr-1746 371 4 sherman sherman PROPN cblr-1746 371 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 371 6 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 371 7 abandoned abandon VERB cblr-1746 371 8 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 371 9 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 371 10 in in ADP cblr-1746 371 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 371 12 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 371 13 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 371 14 implications implication NOUN cblr-1746 371 15 for for ADP cblr-1746 371 16 preclusion preclusion NOUN cblr-1746 371 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 371 18 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 371 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 371 20 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 371 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 371 22 79 79 NUM cblr-1746 371 23 geo geo PROPN cblr-1746 371 24 . . PROPN cblr-1746 371 25 wash wash PROPN cblr-1746 371 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 372 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 372 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 372 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 372 4 483 483 NUM cblr-1746 372 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 372 6 483–84 483–84 NOUN cblr-1746 372 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 372 8 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 372 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 372 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 373 1 87 87 NUM cblr-1746 374 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 374 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 374 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 374 4 483 483 NUM cblr-1746 374 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 375 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 375 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 375 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 375 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 375 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 376 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 376 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 376 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 376 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 376 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 376 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 376 7 763 763 NUM cblr-1746 376 8 the the DET cblr-1746 376 9 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 376 10 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 376 11 making making NOUN cblr-1746 376 12 at at ADP cblr-1746 376 13 key key ADJ cblr-1746 376 14 nexus nexus NOUN cblr-1746 376 15 points point NOUN cblr-1746 376 16 to to ADP cblr-1746 376 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 376 18 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 376 19 alone.88 alone.88 PROPN cblr-1746 376 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 376 21 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 376 22 are be AUX cblr-1746 376 23 unique unique ADJ cblr-1746 376 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 376 25 therefore therefore ADV cblr-1746 376 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 376 27 in in ADP cblr-1746 376 28 their their PRON cblr-1746 376 29 separation separation NOUN cblr-1746 376 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 376 31 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 376 32 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 376 33 management.89 management.89 NOUN cblr-1746 376 34 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 376 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 376 36 the the DET cblr-1746 376 37 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 376 38 interest interest NOUN cblr-1746 376 39 that that PRON cblr-1746 376 40 a a DET cblr-1746 376 41 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 376 42 holds hold VERB cblr-1746 376 43 in in ADP cblr-1746 376 44 a a DET cblr-1746 376 45 typical typical ADJ cblr-1746 376 46 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 376 47 is be AUX cblr-1746 376 48 even even ADV cblr-1746 376 49 more more ADV cblr-1746 376 50 pronounced pronounce VERB cblr-1746 376 51 in in ADP cblr-1746 376 52 the the DET cblr-1746 376 53 class class NOUN cblr-1746 376 54 context context NOUN cblr-1746 376 55 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 376 56 class class NOUN cblr-1746 376 57 members member NOUN cblr-1746 376 58 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 376 59 possess possess VERB cblr-1746 376 60 a a DET cblr-1746 376 61 property property NOUN cblr-1746 376 62 interest interest NOUN cblr-1746 376 63 in in ADP cblr-1746 376 64 any any DET cblr-1746 376 65 common common ADJ cblr-1746 376 66 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 376 67 that that PRON cblr-1746 376 68 results result VERB cblr-1746 376 69 from from ADP cblr-1746 376 70 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 376 71 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 376 72 settlement.90 settlement.90 PROPN cblr-1746 376 73 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 376 74 the the DET cblr-1746 376 75 division division NOUN cblr-1746 376 76 that that PRON cblr-1746 376 77 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 376 78 impose impose VERB cblr-1746 376 79 between between ADP cblr-1746 376 80 that that DET cblr-1746 376 81 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 376 82 interest interest NOUN cblr-1746 376 83 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 376 84 management management NOUN cblr-1746 376 85 is be AUX cblr-1746 376 86 even even ADV cblr-1746 376 87 more more ADV cblr-1746 376 88 pronounced pronounce VERB cblr-1746 376 89 in in ADP cblr-1746 376 90 the the DET cblr-1746 376 91 class class NOUN cblr-1746 376 92 action action NOUN cblr-1746 376 93 context context NOUN cblr-1746 376 94 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 376 95 an an DET cblr-1746 376 96 observation observation NOUN cblr-1746 376 97 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 376 98 the the DET cblr-1746 376 99 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 376 100 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 376 101 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 376 102 literature literature NOUN cblr-1746 376 103 emphasizes.91 emphasizes.91 NOUN cblr-1746 376 104 these these DET cblr-1746 376 105 conditions condition NOUN cblr-1746 376 106 give give VERB cblr-1746 376 107 rise rise NOUN cblr-1746 376 108 to to ADP cblr-1746 376 109 the the DET cblr-1746 376 110 firm,92 firm,92 NOUN cblr-1746 376 111 as as ADV cblr-1746 376 112 well well ADV cblr-1746 376 113 as as ADP cblr-1746 376 114 its its PRON cblr-1746 376 115 accompanying accompany VERB cblr-1746 376 116 efficiency efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 376 117 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 376 118 related relate VERB cblr-1746 376 119 benefits benefit NOUN cblr-1746 376 120 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 376 121 agencyrelated agencyrelate VERB cblr-1746 376 122 costs.93 costs.93 NOUN cblr-1746 376 123 88 88 NUM cblr-1746 376 124 see see NOUN cblr-1746 376 125 thomas thomas PROPN cblr-1746 376 126 e. e. PROPN cblr-1746 376 127 willging willging PROPN cblr-1746 376 128 et et PROPN cblr-1746 376 129 al al PROPN cblr-1746 376 130 . . PROPN cblr-1746 376 131 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 376 132 an an DET cblr-1746 376 133 empirical empirical ADJ cblr-1746 376 134 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 376 135 of of ADP cblr-1746 376 136 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 376 137 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 376 138 to to PART cblr-1746 376 139 address address VERB cblr-1746 376 140 the the DET cblr-1746 376 141 rulemaking rulemaking NOUN cblr-1746 376 142 challenges challenge NOUN cblr-1746 376 143 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 376 144 71 71 NUM cblr-1746 376 145 n.y.u n.y.u NOUN cblr-1746 376 146 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 376 147 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 376 148 . . PROPN cblr-1746 376 149 74 74 NUM cblr-1746 376 150 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 376 151 100 100 NUM cblr-1746 376 152 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 376 153 1996 1996 NUM cblr-1746 376 154 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 376 155 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 377 1 89 89 NUM cblr-1746 377 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 377 3 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 377 4 hynes hynes PROPN cblr-1746 377 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 377 6 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 377 7 note note NOUN cblr-1746 377 8 75 75 NUM cblr-1746 377 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 378 1 90 90 NUM cblr-1746 378 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 378 3 klier klier NOUN cblr-1746 378 4 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 378 5 elf elf PROPN cblr-1746 378 6 atochem atochem PROPN cblr-1746 378 7 n.a n.a PROPN cblr-1746 378 8 . . PROPN cblr-1746 378 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 378 10 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 378 11 . . PROPN cblr-1746 378 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 378 13 658 658 NUM cblr-1746 378 14 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 378 15 468 468 NUM cblr-1746 378 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 378 17 474 474 NUM cblr-1746 378 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 378 19 5th 5th ADJ cblr-1746 378 20 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 378 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 378 22 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 378 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 378 24 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 378 25 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 378 26 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 378 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 378 28 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 378 29 note note PROPN cblr-1746 378 30 45 45 NUM cblr-1746 378 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 378 32 § § PROPN cblr-1746 378 33 8:15 8:15 NUM cblr-1746 378 34 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 378 35 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 378 36 it it PRON cblr-1746 378 37 bears bear VERB cblr-1746 378 38 emphasis emphasis NOUN cblr-1746 378 39 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 378 40 class class NOUN cblr-1746 378 41 members member NOUN cblr-1746 378 42 have have AUX cblr-1746 378 43 a a DET cblr-1746 378 44 property property NOUN cblr-1746 378 45 interest interest NOUN cblr-1746 378 46 in in ADP cblr-1746 378 47 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 378 48 funds fund NOUN cblr-1746 378 49 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 378 50 including include VERB cblr-1746 378 51 unclaimed unclaimed ADJ cblr-1746 378 52 funds fund NOUN cblr-1746 378 53 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 378 54 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 378 55 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 378 56 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 378 57 see see VERB cblr-1746 378 58 also also ADV cblr-1746 378 59 ortiz ortiz PROPN cblr-1746 378 60 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 378 61 fibreboard fibreboard PROPN cblr-1746 378 62 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 378 63 . . PROPN cblr-1746 378 64 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 378 65 527 527 NUM cblr-1746 378 66 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 378 67 . . PROPN cblr-1746 378 68 815 815 NUM cblr-1746 378 69 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 378 70 846 846 NUM cblr-1746 378 71 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 378 72 47 47 NUM cblr-1746 378 73 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 378 74 1999 1999 NUM cblr-1746 378 75 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 378 76 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 379 1 91 91 NUM cblr-1746 379 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 379 3 issacharoff issacharoff NOUN cblr-1746 379 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 379 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 379 6 note note PROPN cblr-1746 379 7 29 29 NUM cblr-1746 379 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 379 9 at at ADP cblr-1746 379 10 3184 3184 NUM cblr-1746 379 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 379 12 noting note VERB cblr-1746 379 13 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 379 14 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 379 15 representation representation NOUN cblr-1746 379 16 always always ADV cblr-1746 379 17 introduces introduce VERB cblr-1746 379 18 a a DET cblr-1746 379 19 distance distance NOUN cblr-1746 379 20 between between ADP cblr-1746 379 21 the the DET cblr-1746 379 22 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 379 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 379 24 the the DET cblr-1746 379 25 principals principal NOUN cblr-1746 379 26 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 379 27 the the DET cblr-1746 379 28 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 379 29 making making NOUN cblr-1746 379 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 379 31 the the DET cblr-1746 379 32 agents agent NOUN cblr-1746 379 33 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 379 34 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 379 35 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 379 36 lahav lahav NOUN cblr-1746 379 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 379 38 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 379 39 note note NOUN cblr-1746 379 40 34 34 NUM cblr-1746 379 41 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 379 42 at at ADP cblr-1746 379 43 93 93 NUM cblr-1746 379 44 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 379 45 observing observe VERB cblr-1746 379 46 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 379 47 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 379 48 class class NOUN cblr-1746 379 49 members member NOUN cblr-1746 379 50 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 379 51 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 379 52 of of ADP cblr-1746 379 53 their their PRON cblr-1746 379 54 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 379 55 is be AUX cblr-1746 379 56 separated separate VERB cblr-1746 379 57 from from ADP cblr-1746 379 58 control control NOUN cblr-1746 379 59 over over ADP cblr-1746 379 60 those those DET cblr-1746 379 61 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 379 62 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 379 63 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 379 64 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 380 1 92 92 NUM cblr-1746 380 2 see see NOUN cblr-1746 380 3 olson olson NOUN cblr-1746 380 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 380 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 380 6 note note NOUN cblr-1746 380 7 9 9 NUM cblr-1746 380 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 380 9 § § NOUN cblr-1746 380 10 2:2 2:2 NUM cblr-1746 380 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 380 12 concerning concern VERB cblr-1746 380 13 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 380 14 general general ADJ cblr-1746 380 15 control control NOUN cblr-1746 380 16 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 380 17 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 380 18 separation separation NOUN cblr-1746 380 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 380 20 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 380 21 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 380 22 control control NOUN cblr-1746 380 23 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 380 24 antecedents antecedent NOUN cblr-1746 380 25 to to ADP cblr-1746 380 26 modern modern ADJ cblr-1746 380 27 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 380 28 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 380 29 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 380 30 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 380 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 381 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 381 2 this this DET cblr-1746 381 3 article article NOUN cblr-1746 381 4 will will AUX cblr-1746 381 5 proceed proceed VERB cblr-1746 381 6 with with ADP cblr-1746 381 7 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 381 8 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 381 9 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 381 10 as as ADP cblr-1746 381 11 the the DET cblr-1746 381 12 dominant dominant ADJ cblr-1746 381 13 terminology terminology NOUN cblr-1746 381 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 381 15 it it PRON cblr-1746 381 16 has have AUX cblr-1746 381 17 been be AUX cblr-1746 381 18 observed observe VERB cblr-1746 381 19 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 381 20 this this DET cblr-1746 381 21 word word NOUN cblr-1746 381 22 is be AUX cblr-1746 381 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 381 24 a a DET cblr-1746 381 25 somewhat somewhat ADV cblr-1746 381 26 nebulous nebulous ADJ cblr-1746 381 27 character character NOUN cblr-1746 381 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 382 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 382 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 382 3 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 382 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 382 5 george george PROPN cblr-1746 382 6 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 382 7 geis geis PROPN cblr-1746 382 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 382 9 the the DET cblr-1746 382 10 space space NOUN cblr-1746 382 11 between between ADP cblr-1746 382 12 markets market NOUN cblr-1746 382 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 382 14 hierarchies hierarchy NOUN cblr-1746 382 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 382 16 95 95 NUM cblr-1746 382 17 va va NOUN cblr-1746 382 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 383 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 383 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 383 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 383 4 99 99 NUM cblr-1746 383 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 383 6 106 106 NUM cblr-1746 383 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 383 8 2009 2009 NUM cblr-1746 383 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 383 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 383 11 noting note VERB cblr-1746 383 12 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 383 13 one one PRON cblr-1746 383 14 can can AUX cblr-1746 383 15 simply simply ADV cblr-1746 383 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 383 17 envision envision VERB cblr-1746 383 18 any any DET cblr-1746 383 19 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 383 20 as as ADP cblr-1746 383 21 a a DET cblr-1746 383 22 basic basic ADJ cblr-1746 383 23 collection collection NOUN cblr-1746 383 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 383 25 inputs input NOUN cblr-1746 383 26 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 383 27 outputs output NOUN cblr-1746 383 28 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 383 29 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 383 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 384 1 the the DET cblr-1746 384 2 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 384 3 envisioned envision VERB cblr-1746 384 4 here here ADV cblr-1746 384 5 resembles resemble VERB cblr-1746 384 6 one one NUM cblr-1746 384 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 384 8 a a DET cblr-1746 384 9 classical classical ADJ cblr-1746 384 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 384 11 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 384 12 nature nature NOUN cblr-1746 384 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 385 1 93 93 NUM cblr-1746 385 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 385 3 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 385 4 h. h. PROPN cblr-1746 385 5 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 385 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 385 7 the the DET cblr-1746 385 8 nature nature NOUN cblr-1746 385 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 385 10 the the DET cblr-1746 385 11 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 385 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 385 13 in in ADP cblr-1746 385 14 the the DET cblr-1746 385 15 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 385 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 385 17 the the DET cblr-1746 385 18 market market NOUN cblr-1746 385 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 385 20 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 385 21 the the DET cblr-1746 385 22 law law NOUN cblr-1746 385 23 33 33 NUM cblr-1746 385 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 385 25 54 54 NUM cblr-1746 385 26 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 385 27 1988 1988 NUM cblr-1746 385 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 385 29 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 385 30 noting note VERB cblr-1746 385 31 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 385 32 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 385 33 it it PRON cblr-1746 385 34 is be AUX cblr-1746 385 35 the the DET cblr-1746 385 36 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 385 37 of of ADP cblr-1746 385 38 direction direction NOUN cblr-1746 385 39 which which PRON cblr-1746 385 40 is be AUX cblr-1746 385 41 the the DET cblr-1746 385 42 essence essence NOUN cblr-1746 385 43 of of ADP cblr-1746 385 44 the the DET cblr-1746 385 45 legal legal ADJ cblr-1746 385 46 concept concept NOUN cblr-1746 385 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 385 48 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 385 49 employer employer NOUN cblr-1746 385 50 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 385 51 employee employee NOUN cblr-1746 385 52 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 385 53 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 385 54 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 385 55 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 386 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 386 2 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 386 3 stephen stephen PROPN cblr-1746 386 4 g. g. PROPN cblr-1746 386 5 marks marks PROPN cblr-1746 386 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 386 7 the the DET cblr-1746 386 8 separation separation NOUN cblr-1746 386 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 386 10 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 386 11 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 386 12 control control NOUN cblr-1746 386 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 386 14 in in ADP cblr-1746 386 15 encyclopedia encyclopedia NOUN cblr-1746 386 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 386 17 law law NOUN cblr-1746 386 18 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 386 19 economics economic NOUN cblr-1746 386 20 692 692 NUM cblr-1746 386 21 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 386 22 1999 1999 NUM cblr-1746 386 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 386 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 387 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 387 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 387 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 387 4 764 764 NUM cblr-1746 387 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 387 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 387 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 387 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 388 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 388 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 388 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 388 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 388 5 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 388 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 389 1 purpose purpose NOUN cblr-1746 389 2 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 389 3 profit profit NOUN cblr-1746 389 4 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 389 5 organize organize VERB cblr-1746 389 6 to to PART cblr-1746 389 7 return return VERB cblr-1746 389 8 a a DET cblr-1746 389 9 profit profit NOUN cblr-1746 389 10 above above ADP cblr-1746 389 11 what what PRON cblr-1746 389 12 might might AUX cblr-1746 389 13 be be AUX cblr-1746 389 14 attained attain VERB cblr-1746 389 15 by by ADP cblr-1746 389 16 contracting contract VERB cblr-1746 389 17 through through ADP cblr-1746 389 18 market market NOUN cblr-1746 389 19 transactions transaction NOUN cblr-1746 389 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 390 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 390 2 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 390 3 are be AUX cblr-1746 390 4 formed form VERB cblr-1746 390 5 with with ADP cblr-1746 390 6 a a DET cblr-1746 390 7 similar similar ADJ cblr-1746 390 8 purpose purpose NOUN cblr-1746 390 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 390 10 mind mind NOUN cblr-1746 390 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 391 1 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 391 2 the the DET cblr-1746 391 3 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 391 4 of of ADP cblr-1746 391 5 the the DET cblr-1746 391 6 two two NUM cblr-1746 391 7 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN cblr-1746 391 8 in in ADP cblr-1746 391 9 a a DET cblr-1746 391 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 391 11 action action NOUN cblr-1746 391 12 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 391 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 391 14 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 391 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 391 16 as as ADP cblr-1746 391 17 the the DET cblr-1746 391 18 manager manager NOUN cblr-1746 391 19 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 391 20 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 391 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 391 22 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 391 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 391 24 members member NOUN cblr-1746 391 25 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 391 26 as as ADP cblr-1746 391 27 the the DET cblr-1746 391 28 owner owner NOUN cblr-1746 391 29 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 391 30 principals principal NOUN cblr-1746 391 31 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 391 32 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 392 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 392 2 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 392 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 392 4 often often ADV cblr-1746 392 5 described describe VERB cblr-1746 392 6 as as ADP cblr-1746 392 7 a a DET cblr-1746 392 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 392 9 entrepreneur,94 entrepreneur,94 ADV cblr-1746 392 10 realizes realize VERB cblr-1746 392 11 significant significant ADJ cblr-1746 392 12 efficiencies efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 392 13 by by ADP cblr-1746 392 14 aggregating aggregate VERB cblr-1746 392 15 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 392 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 393 1 pursuing pursue VERB cblr-1746 393 2 a a DET cblr-1746 393 3 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 393 4 on on ADP cblr-1746 393 5 behalf behalf NOUN cblr-1746 393 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 393 7 a a DET cblr-1746 393 8 client client NOUN cblr-1746 393 9 entails entail VERB cblr-1746 393 10 an an DET cblr-1746 393 11 opportunity opportunity NOUN cblr-1746 393 12 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 393 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 394 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 394 2 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 394 3 are be AUX cblr-1746 394 4 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 394 5 compensated compensate VERB cblr-1746 394 6 for for ADP cblr-1746 394 7 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 394 8 incurred incur VERB cblr-1746 394 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 394 10 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 394 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 394 12 they they PRON cblr-1746 394 13 trade trade VERB cblr-1746 394 14 in in ADP cblr-1746 394 15 a a DET cblr-1746 394 16 finite finite ADJ cblr-1746 394 17 resource resource NOUN cblr-1746 394 18 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 394 19 their their PRON cblr-1746 394 20 time time NOUN cblr-1746 394 21 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 394 22 the the DET cblr-1746 394 23 opportunity opportunity NOUN cblr-1746 394 24 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 394 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 394 26 the the DET cblr-1746 394 27 out out ADJ cblr-1746 394 28 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 394 29 of of ADP cblr-1746 394 30 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 394 31 pocket pocket NOUN cblr-1746 394 32 expenses expense NOUN cblr-1746 394 33 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 394 34 they they PRON cblr-1746 394 35 must must AUX cblr-1746 394 36 expend expend VERB cblr-1746 394 37 in in ADP cblr-1746 394 38 pursuit pursuit NOUN cblr-1746 394 39 of of ADP cblr-1746 394 40 a a DET cblr-1746 394 41 favorable favorable ADJ cblr-1746 394 42 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 394 43 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 394 44 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 394 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 395 1 were be AUX cblr-1746 395 2 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 395 3 to to PART cblr-1746 395 4 pursue pursue VERB cblr-1746 395 5 exclusively exclusively ADV cblr-1746 395 6 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 395 7 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 395 8 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 395 9 never never ADV cblr-1746 395 10 aggregating aggregate VERB cblr-1746 395 11 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 395 12 there there PRON cblr-1746 395 13 would would AUX cblr-1746 395 14 be be AUX cblr-1746 395 15 a a DET cblr-1746 395 16 limit limit NOUN cblr-1746 395 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 395 18 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 395 19 cap cap NOUN cblr-1746 395 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 395 21 on on ADP cblr-1746 395 22 the the DET cblr-1746 395 23 number number NOUN cblr-1746 395 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 395 25 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 395 26 an an DET cblr-1746 395 27 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 395 28 could could AUX cblr-1746 395 29 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 395 30 in in ADP cblr-1746 395 31 his his PRON cblr-1746 395 32 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 395 33 her her PRON cblr-1746 395 34 lifetime.95 lifetime.95 NOUN cblr-1746 395 35 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 395 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 395 37 accounting account VERB cblr-1746 395 38 for for ADP cblr-1746 395 39 the the DET cblr-1746 395 40 dynamic dynamic ADJ cblr-1746 395 41 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 395 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 395 43 pursuing pursue VERB cblr-1746 395 44 a a DET cblr-1746 395 45 mass mass NOUN cblr-1746 395 46 of of ADP cblr-1746 395 47 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 395 48 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 395 49 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 395 50 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 395 51 than than ADP cblr-1746 395 52 an an DET cblr-1746 395 53 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 395 54 mass mass NOUN cblr-1746 395 55 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 395 56 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 395 57 the the DET cblr-1746 395 58 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 395 59 is be AUX cblr-1746 395 60 even even ADV cblr-1746 395 61 more more ADV cblr-1746 395 62 pronounced pronounced ADJ cblr-1746 395 63 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 395 64 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 395 65 flooded flood VERB cblr-1746 395 66 with with ADP cblr-1746 395 67 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 395 68 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 395 69 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 395 70 constrained constrain VERB cblr-1746 395 71 by by ADP cblr-1746 395 72 their their PRON cblr-1746 395 73 own own ADJ cblr-1746 395 74 limited limited ADJ cblr-1746 395 75 bandwidth bandwidth NOUN cblr-1746 395 76 would would AUX cblr-1746 395 77 further far ADV cblr-1746 395 78 cap cap VERB cblr-1746 395 79 the the DET cblr-1746 395 80 number number NOUN cblr-1746 395 81 of of ADP cblr-1746 395 82 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 395 83 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 395 84 an an DET cblr-1746 395 85 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 395 86 could could AUX cblr-1746 395 87 hope hope VERB cblr-1746 395 88 to to PART cblr-1746 395 89 litigate litigate VERB cblr-1746 395 90 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 396 1 furthermore furthermore ADV cblr-1746 396 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 396 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 396 4 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 396 5 can can AUX cblr-1746 396 6 realize realize VERB cblr-1746 396 7 declining decline VERB cblr-1746 396 8 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 396 9 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 396 10 by by ADP cblr-1746 396 11 aggregating aggregate VERB cblr-1746 396 12 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 396 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 397 1 this this PRON cblr-1746 397 2 extends extend VERB cblr-1746 397 3 beyond beyond ADP cblr-1746 397 4 the the DET cblr-1746 397 5 traditional traditional ADJ cblr-1746 397 6 observation observation NOUN cblr-1746 397 7 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 397 8 adding add VERB cblr-1746 397 9 a a DET cblr-1746 397 10 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 397 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 397 12 member member NOUN cblr-1746 397 13 is be AUX cblr-1746 397 14 a a DET cblr-1746 397 15 virtually virtually ADV cblr-1746 397 16 costless costless ADJ cblr-1746 397 17 endeavor.96 endeavor.96 NOUN cblr-1746 397 18 momentarily momentarily ADV cblr-1746 397 19 suspending suspend VERB cblr-1746 397 20 94 94 NUM cblr-1746 397 21 see see VERB cblr-1746 397 22 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 397 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 397 24 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 397 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 397 26 gilles gilles PROPN cblr-1746 397 27 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 397 28 friedman friedman PROPN cblr-1746 397 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 397 30 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 397 31 note note NOUN cblr-1746 397 32 32 32 NUM cblr-1746 397 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 398 1 95 95 NUM cblr-1746 398 2 of of ADP cblr-1746 398 3 course course NOUN cblr-1746 398 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 398 5 this this PRON cblr-1746 398 6 is be AUX cblr-1746 398 7 true true ADJ cblr-1746 398 8 regardless regardless ADV cblr-1746 398 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 398 10 the the DET cblr-1746 398 11 size size NOUN cblr-1746 398 12 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 398 13 amount amount NOUN cblr-1746 398 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 398 15 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 398 16 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 398 17 opportunity opportunity NOUN cblr-1746 398 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 398 19 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 398 20 considerations consideration NOUN cblr-1746 398 21 are be AUX cblr-1746 398 22 always always ADV cblr-1746 398 23 present present ADJ cblr-1746 398 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 399 1 however however ADV cblr-1746 399 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 399 3 those those DET cblr-1746 399 4 considerations consideration NOUN cblr-1746 399 5 militate militate VERB cblr-1746 399 6 in in ADP cblr-1746 399 7 favor favor NOUN cblr-1746 399 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 399 9 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 399 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 399 11 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 399 12 possible possible ADJ cblr-1746 399 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 399 14 appropriate appropriate ADJ cblr-1746 399 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 400 1 96 96 NUM cblr-1746 400 2 see see NOUN cblr-1746 400 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 400 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 400 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 400 6 david david PROPN cblr-1746 400 7 betson betson PROPN cblr-1746 400 8 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 400 9 jay jay PROPN cblr-1746 400 10 tidmarsh tidmarsh PROPN cblr-1746 400 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 400 12 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 400 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 400 14 size size NOUN cblr-1746 400 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 400 16 optout optout ADJ cblr-1746 400 17 rights right NOUN cblr-1746 400 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 400 19 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 400 20 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 400 21 indivisible indivisible ADJ cblr-1746 400 22 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 400 23 remedies remedy NOUN cblr-1746 400 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 400 25 79 79 NUM cblr-1746 400 26 geo geo PROPN cblr-1746 400 27 . . PROPN cblr-1746 400 28 wash wash PROPN cblr-1746 400 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 401 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 401 2 rev rev AUX cblr-1746 401 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 401 4 542 542 NUM cblr-1746 401 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 401 6 552 552 NUM cblr-1746 401 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 401 8 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 401 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 401 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 401 11 assuming assume VERB cblr-1746 401 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 401 13 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 401 14 the the DET cblr-1746 401 15 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 401 16 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 401 17 declines decline NOUN cblr-1746 401 18 continuously continuously ADV cblr-1746 401 19 from from ADP cblr-1746 401 20 the the DET cblr-1746 401 21 first first ADJ cblr-1746 401 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 401 23 member member NOUN cblr-1746 401 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 401 25 who who PRON cblr-1746 401 26 has have VERB cblr-1746 401 27 the the DET cblr-1746 401 28 highest high ADJ cblr-1746 401 29 expected expect VERB cblr-1746 401 30 gross gross ADJ cblr-1746 401 31 benefit benefit NOUN cblr-1746 401 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 401 33 to to ADP cblr-1746 401 34 the the DET cblr-1746 401 35 last last ADJ cblr-1746 401 36 class class NOUN cblr-1746 401 37 member member NOUN cblr-1746 401 38 n n CCONJ cblr-1746 401 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 401 40 who who PRON cblr-1746 401 41 has have VERB cblr-1746 401 42 the the DET cblr-1746 401 43 lowest low ADJ cblr-1746 401 44 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 401 45 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 401 46 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 402 1 hubbard hubbard PROPN cblr-1746 402 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 402 3 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 402 4 note note PROPN cblr-1746 402 5 81 81 NUM cblr-1746 402 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 402 7 at at ADP cblr-1746 402 8 697 697 NUM cblr-1746 402 9 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 402 10 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 402 11 final final ADJ cblr-1746 402 12 no no NOUN cblr-1746 402 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 403 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 403 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 403 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 403 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 403 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 403 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 403 7 765 765 NUM cblr-1746 403 8 the the DET cblr-1746 403 9 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 403 10 that that PRON cblr-1746 403 11 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 403 12 impose impose VERB cblr-1746 403 13 at at ADP cblr-1746 403 14 the the DET cblr-1746 403 15 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 403 16 stage stage NOUN cblr-1746 403 17 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 403 18 a a DET cblr-1746 403 19 topic topic NOUN cblr-1746 403 20 to to PART cblr-1746 403 21 which which PRON cblr-1746 403 22 this this DET cblr-1746 403 23 article article NOUN cblr-1746 403 24 will will AUX cblr-1746 403 25 return return VERB cblr-1746 403 26 at at ADP cblr-1746 403 27 length97 length97 NOUN cblr-1746 403 28 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 403 29 there there PRON cblr-1746 403 30 are be VERB cblr-1746 403 31 certain certain ADJ cblr-1746 403 32 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 403 33 inherent inherent ADJ cblr-1746 403 34 to to ADP cblr-1746 403 35 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 403 36 a a DET cblr-1746 403 37 class class NOUN cblr-1746 403 38 action action NOUN cblr-1746 403 39 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 404 1 some some PRON cblr-1746 404 2 of of ADP cblr-1746 404 3 these these DET cblr-1746 404 4 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 404 5 are be AUX cblr-1746 404 6 spread spread VERB cblr-1746 404 7 evenly evenly ADV cblr-1746 404 8 across across ADP cblr-1746 404 9 each each DET cblr-1746 404 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 404 11 member member NOUN cblr-1746 404 12 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 404 13 for for ADP cblr-1746 404 14 example example NOUN cblr-1746 404 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 404 16 the the DET cblr-1746 404 17 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 404 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 404 19 issuing issue VERB cblr-1746 404 20 notice.98 notice.98 NOUN cblr-1746 404 21 others other NOUN cblr-1746 404 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 404 23 however however ADV cblr-1746 404 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 404 25 are be AUX cblr-1746 404 26 variable variable ADJ cblr-1746 404 27 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 404 28 spread spread VERB cblr-1746 404 29 unevenly unevenly ADV cblr-1746 404 30 across across ADP cblr-1746 404 31 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 404 32 class class NOUN cblr-1746 404 33 members member NOUN cblr-1746 404 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 405 1 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 405 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 405 3 for for ADP cblr-1746 405 4 example example NOUN cblr-1746 405 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 405 6 a a DET cblr-1746 405 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 405 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 405 9 geographically geographically ADV cblr-1746 405 10 dispersed disperse VERB cblr-1746 405 11 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 405 12 that that PRON cblr-1746 405 13 seek seek VERB cblr-1746 405 14 varying vary VERB cblr-1746 405 15 levels level NOUN cblr-1746 405 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 405 17 relief relief NOUN cblr-1746 405 18 for for ADP cblr-1746 405 19 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 405 20 relating relate VERB cblr-1746 405 21 to to ADP cblr-1746 405 22 a a DET cblr-1746 405 23 negligent negligent ADJ cblr-1746 405 24 toxin toxin NOUN cblr-1746 405 25 release release NOUN cblr-1746 405 26 in in ADP cblr-1746 405 27 a a DET cblr-1746 405 28 metropolitan metropolitan ADJ cblr-1746 405 29 center center NOUN cblr-1746 405 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 406 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 406 2 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 406 3 must must AUX cblr-1746 406 4 demonstrate demonstrate VERB cblr-1746 406 5 not not PART cblr-1746 406 6 only only ADV cblr-1746 406 7 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 406 8 each each DET cblr-1746 406 9 type type NOUN cblr-1746 406 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 406 11 injury injury NOUN cblr-1746 406 12 in in ADP cblr-1746 406 13 the the DET cblr-1746 406 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 406 15 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 406 16 each each DET cblr-1746 406 17 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 406 18 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 406 19 species”—is species”—is PRON cblr-1746 406 20 attributable attributable ADJ cblr-1746 406 21 to to ADP cblr-1746 406 22 the the DET cblr-1746 406 23 toxin toxin NOUN cblr-1746 406 24 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 406 25 release release NOUN cblr-1746 406 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 406 27 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 406 28 also also ADV cblr-1746 406 29 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 406 30 each each DET cblr-1746 406 31 individual individual NOUN cblr-1746 406 32 in in ADP cblr-1746 406 33 the the DET cblr-1746 406 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 406 35 was be AUX cblr-1746 406 36 actually actually ADV cblr-1746 406 37 harmed harm VERB cblr-1746 406 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 407 1 assuming assume VERB cblr-1746 407 2 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 407 3 the the DET cblr-1746 407 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 407 5 is be AUX cblr-1746 407 6 comprised comprise VERB cblr-1746 407 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 407 8 many many ADJ cblr-1746 407 9 similar similar ADJ cblr-1746 407 10 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 407 11 that that PRON cblr-1746 407 12 are be AUX cblr-1746 407 13 not not PART cblr-1746 407 14 precisely precisely ADV cblr-1746 407 15 uniform uniform ADJ cblr-1746 407 16 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 407 17 owing owe VERB cblr-1746 407 18 to to ADP cblr-1746 407 19 subtle subtle ADJ cblr-1746 407 20 differences difference NOUN cblr-1746 407 21 in in ADP cblr-1746 407 22 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 407 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 407 24 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 407 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 407 26 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 407 27 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 407 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 407 29 causation causation NOUN cblr-1746 407 30 as as ADP cblr-1746 407 31 one one NUM cblr-1746 407 32 moves move NOUN cblr-1746 407 33 further far ADV cblr-1746 407 34 from from ADP cblr-1746 407 35 the the DET cblr-1746 407 36 center center NOUN cblr-1746 407 37 of of ADP cblr-1746 407 38 the the DET cblr-1746 407 39 toxin toxin NOUN cblr-1746 407 40 release release NOUN cblr-1746 407 41 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 407 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 407 43 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 407 44 must must AUX cblr-1746 407 45 marshal marshal VERB cblr-1746 407 46 sufficient sufficient ADJ cblr-1746 407 47 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 407 48 to to PART cblr-1746 407 49 vindicate vindicate VERB cblr-1746 407 50 each each DET cblr-1746 407 51 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 407 52 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 407 53 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 407 54 even even ADV cblr-1746 407 55 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 407 56 the the DET cblr-1746 407 57 class class NOUN cblr-1746 407 58 action action NOUN cblr-1746 407 59 mechanism mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 407 60 relieves relieve VERB cblr-1746 407 61 them they PRON cblr-1746 407 62 somewhat somewhat ADV cblr-1746 407 63 of of ADP cblr-1746 407 64 the the DET cblr-1746 407 65 burden burden NOUN cblr-1746 407 66 of of ADP cblr-1746 407 67 marshaling marshal VERB cblr-1746 407 68 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 407 69 for for ADP cblr-1746 407 70 each each DET cblr-1746 407 71 individual individual NOUN cblr-1746 407 72 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 407 73 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 407 74 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 408 1 at at ADP cblr-1746 408 2 some some DET cblr-1746 408 3 undefined undefined ADJ cblr-1746 408 4 point point NOUN cblr-1746 408 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 408 6 the the DET cblr-1746 408 7 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 408 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 408 9 member member NOUN cblr-1746 408 10 will will AUX cblr-1746 408 11 introduce introduce VERB cblr-1746 408 12 a a DET cblr-1746 408 13 new new ADJ cblr-1746 408 14 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 408 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 408 16 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 408 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 409 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 409 2 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 409 3 each each DET cblr-1746 409 4 individual individual NOUN cblr-1746 409 5 added add VERB cblr-1746 409 6 to to ADP cblr-1746 409 7 the the DET cblr-1746 409 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 409 9 thereby thereby ADV cblr-1746 409 10 reduces reduce VERB cblr-1746 409 11 the the DET cblr-1746 409 12 number number NOUN cblr-1746 409 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 409 14 times time NOUN cblr-1746 409 15 the the DET cblr-1746 409 16 fixed fix VERB cblr-1746 409 17 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 409 18 is be AUX cblr-1746 409 19 expended expend VERB cblr-1746 409 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 409 21 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 409 22 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 409 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 409 24 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 409 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 409 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 410 1 97 97 NUM cblr-1746 410 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 410 3 infra infra NOUN cblr-1746 410 4 part part NOUN cblr-1746 410 5 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 410 6 98 98 NUM cblr-1746 410 7 see see VERB cblr-1746 410 8 hubbard hubbard NOUN cblr-1746 410 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 410 10 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 410 11 note note PROPN cblr-1746 410 12 81 81 NUM cblr-1746 410 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 410 14 at at ADP cblr-1746 410 15 696 696 NUM cblr-1746 410 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 411 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 411 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 411 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 411 4 766 766 NUM cblr-1746 411 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 411 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 411 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 411 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 412 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 412 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 412 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 412 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 412 5 for for ADP cblr-1746 412 6 example example NOUN cblr-1746 412 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 412 8 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 412 9 represented represent VERB cblr-1746 412 10 in in ADP cblr-1746 412 11 figure figure NOUN cblr-1746 412 12 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 412 13 above above ADV cblr-1746 412 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 412 15 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 412 16 closest close ADJ cblr-1746 412 17 to to ADP cblr-1746 412 18 the the DET cblr-1746 412 19 epicenter epicenter NOUN cblr-1746 412 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 412 21 the the DET cblr-1746 412 22 toxin toxin NOUN cblr-1746 412 23 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 412 24 release release NOUN cblr-1746 412 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 412 26 representing represent VERB cblr-1746 412 27 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 412 28 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 412 29 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 412 30 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 412 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 412 32 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 412 33 perhaps perhaps ADV cblr-1746 412 34 came come VERB cblr-1746 412 35 into into ADP cblr-1746 412 36 direct direct ADJ cblr-1746 412 37 contact contact NOUN cblr-1746 412 38 with with ADP cblr-1746 412 39 the the DET cblr-1746 412 40 toxin toxin NOUN cblr-1746 412 41 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 412 42 resulting result VERB cblr-1746 412 43 in in ADP cblr-1746 412 44 fatal fatal ADJ cblr-1746 412 45 harm harm NOUN cblr-1746 412 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 413 1 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 413 2 located locate VERB cblr-1746 413 3 further far ADV cblr-1746 413 4 from from ADP cblr-1746 413 5 the the DET cblr-1746 413 6 toxin toxin NOUN cblr-1746 413 7 release release NOUN cblr-1746 413 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 413 9 representing represent VERB cblr-1746 413 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 413 11 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 413 12 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 413 13 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 413 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 413 15 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 413 16 may may AUX cblr-1746 413 17 also also ADV cblr-1746 413 18 have have AUX cblr-1746 413 19 been be AUX cblr-1746 413 20 harmed harm VERB cblr-1746 413 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 413 22 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 413 23 in in ADP cblr-1746 413 24 a a DET cblr-1746 413 25 slightly slightly ADV cblr-1746 413 26 different different ADJ cblr-1746 413 27 manner manner NOUN cblr-1746 413 28 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 413 29 perhaps perhaps ADV cblr-1746 413 30 wind wind NOUN cblr-1746 413 31 moved move VERB cblr-1746 413 32 the the DET cblr-1746 413 33 airborne airborne ADJ cblr-1746 413 34 toxin toxin NOUN cblr-1746 413 35 to to ADP cblr-1746 413 36 the the DET cblr-1746 413 37 outskirts outskirt NOUN cblr-1746 413 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 413 39 the the DET cblr-1746 413 40 city city NOUN cblr-1746 413 41 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 413 42 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 413 43 it it PRON cblr-1746 413 44 was be AUX cblr-1746 413 45 inhaled inhale VERB cblr-1746 413 46 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 413 47 causing cause VERB cblr-1746 413 48 medium medium ADJ cblr-1746 413 49 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 413 50 term term NOUN cblr-1746 413 51 harm harm NOUN cblr-1746 413 52 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 414 1 finally finally ADV cblr-1746 414 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 414 3 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 414 4 claim claim VERB cblr-1746 414 5 species species NOUN cblr-1746 414 6 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 414 7 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 414 8 encompasses encompass VERB cblr-1746 414 9 individuals individual NOUN cblr-1746 414 10 who who PRON cblr-1746 414 11 were be AUX cblr-1746 414 12 harmed harm VERB cblr-1746 414 13 by by ADP cblr-1746 414 14 the the DET cblr-1746 414 15 toxin toxin NOUN cblr-1746 414 16 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 414 17 were be AUX cblr-1746 414 18 also also ADV cblr-1746 414 19 furthest furth ADJ cblr-1746 414 20 from from ADP cblr-1746 414 21 its its PRON cblr-1746 414 22 release release NOUN cblr-1746 414 23 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 414 24 perhaps perhaps ADV cblr-1746 414 25 the the DET cblr-1746 414 26 toxin toxin NOUN cblr-1746 414 27 seeped seep VERB cblr-1746 414 28 into into ADP cblr-1746 414 29 the the DET cblr-1746 414 30 groundwater groundwater NOUN cblr-1746 414 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 414 32 triggering trigger VERB cblr-1746 414 33 long long ADJ cblr-1746 414 34 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 414 35 term term NOUN cblr-1746 414 36 health health NOUN cblr-1746 414 37 effects effect NOUN cblr-1746 414 38 for for ADP cblr-1746 414 39 those those DET cblr-1746 414 40 many many ADJ cblr-1746 414 41 miles mile NOUN cblr-1746 414 42 from from ADP cblr-1746 414 43 the the DET cblr-1746 414 44 epicenter epicenter NOUN cblr-1746 414 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 415 1 vindicating vindicate VERB cblr-1746 415 2 each each DET cblr-1746 415 3 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 415 4 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 415 5 is be AUX cblr-1746 415 6 costly costly ADJ cblr-1746 415 7 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 415 8 demands demand NOUN cblr-1746 415 9 substantive substantive ADJ cblr-1746 415 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 415 11 decisional decisional ADJ cblr-1746 415 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 415 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 415 14 administrative administrative ADJ cblr-1746 415 15 resources.99 resources.99 NOUN cblr-1746 415 16 however however ADV cblr-1746 415 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 415 18 with with ADP cblr-1746 415 19 the the DET cblr-1746 415 20 inclusion inclusion NOUN cblr-1746 415 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 415 22 a a DET cblr-1746 415 23 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 415 24 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 415 25 99 99 NUM cblr-1746 415 26 see see VERB cblr-1746 415 27 i i PRON cblr-1746 415 28 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 415 29 at at ADP cblr-1746 415 30 703 703 NUM cblr-1746 415 31 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 415 32 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 415 33 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 415 34 the the DET cblr-1746 415 35 size size NOUN cblr-1746 415 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 415 37 the the DET cblr-1746 415 38 class class NOUN cblr-1746 415 39 grows grow VERB cblr-1746 415 40 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 415 41 the the DET cblr-1746 415 42 likelihood likelihood NOUN cblr-1746 415 43 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 415 44 one one PRON cblr-1746 415 45 has have AUX cblr-1746 415 46 included include VERB cblr-1746 415 47 individuals individual NOUN cblr-1746 415 48 who who PRON cblr-1746 415 49 do do AUX cblr-1746 415 50 not not PART cblr-1746 415 51 properly properly ADV cblr-1746 415 52 belong belong VERB cblr-1746 415 53 to to ADP cblr-1746 415 54 the the DET cblr-1746 415 55 class class NOUN cblr-1746 415 56 increases increase NOUN cblr-1746 415 57 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 415 58 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 415 59 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 415 60 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 415 61 betson betson NOUN cblr-1746 415 62 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 415 63 tidmarsh tidmarsh PROPN cblr-1746 415 64 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 415 65 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 415 66 note note NOUN cblr-1746 415 67 96 96 NUM cblr-1746 415 68 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 415 69 at at ADP cblr-1746 415 70 557 557 NUM cblr-1746 415 71 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 415 72 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 415 73 it it PRON cblr-1746 415 74 is be AUX cblr-1746 415 75 possible possible ADJ cblr-1746 415 76 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 415 77 although although SCONJ cblr-1746 415 78 not not PART cblr-1746 415 79 inevitable inevitable ADJ cblr-1746 415 80 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 415 81 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 415 82 the the DET cblr-1746 415 83 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 415 84 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 415 85 of of ADP cblr-1746 415 86 adding add VERB cblr-1746 415 87 some some DET cblr-1746 415 88 class class NOUN cblr-1746 415 89 members member NOUN cblr-1746 415 90 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 415 91 determined determine VERB cblr-1746 415 92 by by ADP cblr-1746 415 93 combining combine VERB cblr-1746 415 94 the the DET cblr-1746 415 95 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 415 96 common common ADJ cblr-1746 415 97 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 415 98 attributable attributable ADJ cblr-1746 415 99 to to ADP cblr-1746 415 100 that that DET cblr-1746 415 101 class class NOUN cblr-1746 415 102 member member NOUN cblr-1746 415 103 plus plus CCONJ cblr-1746 415 104 the the DET cblr-1746 415 105 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 415 106 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 415 107 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 415 108 figure figure NOUN cblr-1746 415 109 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 415 110 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 415 111 toxin toxin NOUN cblr-1746 415 112 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 415 113 release release NOUN cblr-1746 415 114 " " PUNCT cblr-1746 415 115 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 415 116 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 415 117 " " PUNCT cblr-1746 415 118 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 415 119 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 415 120 final final ADJ cblr-1746 415 121 no no NOUN cblr-1746 415 122 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 416 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 416 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 416 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 416 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 416 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 416 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 416 7 767 767 NUM cblr-1746 416 8 that that PRON cblr-1746 416 9 represents represent VERB cblr-1746 416 10 a a DET cblr-1746 416 11 new new ADJ cblr-1746 416 12 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 416 13 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 416 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 416 15 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 416 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 416 17 adding add VERB cblr-1746 416 18 a a DET cblr-1746 416 19 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 416 20 with with ADP cblr-1746 416 21 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 416 22 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 416 23 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 416 24 to to ADP cblr-1746 416 25 a a DET cblr-1746 416 26 class class NOUN cblr-1746 416 27 theretofore theretofore NOUN cblr-1746 416 28 comprised comprise VERB cblr-1746 416 29 solely solely ADV cblr-1746 416 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 416 31 claimants claimant NOUN cblr-1746 416 32 representing represent VERB cblr-1746 416 33 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 416 34 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 416 35 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 416 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 416 37 adding add VERB cblr-1746 416 38 class class NOUN cblr-1746 416 39 members member NOUN cblr-1746 416 40 of of ADP cblr-1746 416 41 the the DET cblr-1746 416 42 same same ADJ cblr-1746 416 43 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 416 44 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 416 45 becomes become VERB cblr-1746 416 46 virtually virtually ADV cblr-1746 416 47 costless costless ADJ cblr-1746 416 48 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 417 1 this this PRON cblr-1746 417 2 demonstrates demonstrate VERB cblr-1746 417 3 a a DET cblr-1746 417 4 broader broad ADJ cblr-1746 417 5 phenomenon phenomenon NOUN cblr-1746 417 6 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 417 7 once once SCONJ cblr-1746 417 8 a a DET cblr-1746 417 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 417 10 reaches reach VERB cblr-1746 417 11 a a DET cblr-1746 417 12 certain certain ADJ cblr-1746 417 13 size size NOUN cblr-1746 417 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 417 15 the the DET cblr-1746 417 16 probability probability NOUN cblr-1746 417 17 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 417 18 the the DET cblr-1746 417 19 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 417 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 417 21 member member NOUN cblr-1746 417 22 introduces introduce VERB cblr-1746 417 23 a a DET cblr-1746 417 24 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 417 25 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 417 26 dwindles dwindle VERB cblr-1746 417 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 418 1 imagine imagine VERB cblr-1746 418 2 a a DET cblr-1746 418 3 chimerical chimerical ADJ cblr-1746 418 4 global global ADJ cblr-1746 418 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 418 6 action action NOUN cblr-1746 418 7 that that PRON cblr-1746 418 8 sought seek VERB cblr-1746 418 9 to to PART cblr-1746 418 10 vindicate vindicate VERB cblr-1746 418 11 every every DET cblr-1746 418 12 toxin toxin NOUN cblr-1746 418 13 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 418 14 related relate VERB cblr-1746 418 15 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 418 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 418 17 regardless regardless ADV cblr-1746 418 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 418 19 the the DET cblr-1746 418 20 alleged allege VERB cblr-1746 418 21 tortfeasor tortfeasor NOUN cblr-1746 418 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 418 23 toxin toxin NOUN cblr-1746 418 24 involved involve VERB cblr-1746 418 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 418 26 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 418 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 418 28 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 418 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 418 30 harm harm NOUN cblr-1746 418 31 caused cause VERB cblr-1746 418 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 418 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 418 34 so so ADV cblr-1746 418 35 forth forth ADV cblr-1746 418 36 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 418 37 the the DET cblr-1746 418 38 odds odd NOUN cblr-1746 418 39 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 418 40 an an DET cblr-1746 418 41 additional additional ADJ cblr-1746 418 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 418 43 member member NOUN cblr-1746 418 44 would would AUX cblr-1746 418 45 add add VERB cblr-1746 418 46 a a DET cblr-1746 418 47 new new ADJ cblr-1746 418 48 toxinrelated toxinrelate VERB cblr-1746 418 49 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 418 50 are be AUX cblr-1746 418 51 infinitesimally infinitesimally ADV cblr-1746 418 52 small small ADJ cblr-1746 418 53 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 418 54 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 418 55 not not PART cblr-1746 418 56 zero zero NUM cblr-1746 418 57 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 419 1 the the DET cblr-1746 419 2 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 419 3 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 419 4 of of ADP cblr-1746 419 5 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 419 6 class class NOUN cblr-1746 419 7 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 419 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 419 9 therefore therefore ADV cblr-1746 419 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 419 11 initially initially ADV cblr-1746 419 12 swells swell VERB cblr-1746 419 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 419 14 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 419 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 419 16 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 419 17 soaks soak VERB cblr-1746 419 18 up up ADP cblr-1746 419 19 every every DET cblr-1746 419 20 similar similar ADJ cblr-1746 419 21 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 419 22 butunique butunique NOUN cblr-1746 419 23 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 419 24 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 419 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 419 26 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 419 27 then then ADV cblr-1746 419 28 recedes recede VERB cblr-1746 419 29 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 419 30 additional additional ADJ cblr-1746 419 31 class class NOUN cblr-1746 419 32 members member NOUN cblr-1746 419 33 are be AUX cblr-1746 419 34 aggregated aggregate VERB cblr-1746 419 35 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 419 36 the the DET cblr-1746 419 37 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 419 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 419 39 uniqueness uniqueness NOUN cblr-1746 419 40 dissipates dissipate VERB cblr-1746 419 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 420 1 next next ADV cblr-1746 420 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 420 3 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 420 4 the the DET cblr-1746 420 5 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 420 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 420 7 putative putative ADJ cblr-1746 420 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 420 9 members member NOUN cblr-1746 420 10 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 420 11 the the DET cblr-1746 420 12 owner owner NOUN cblr-1746 420 13 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 420 14 principals principal NOUN cblr-1746 420 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 421 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 421 2 class class NOUN cblr-1746 421 3 members member NOUN cblr-1746 421 4 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 421 5 do do AUX cblr-1746 421 6 not not PART cblr-1746 421 7 themselves themselves PRON cblr-1746 421 8 opt opt VERB cblr-1746 421 9 to to ADP cblr-1746 421 10 aggregate100 aggregate100 PROPN cblr-1746 421 11 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 421 12 a a DET cblr-1746 421 13 second second ADJ cblr-1746 421 14 topic topic NOUN cblr-1746 421 15 to to PART cblr-1746 421 16 which which PRON cblr-1746 421 17 this this DET cblr-1746 421 18 article article NOUN cblr-1746 421 19 will will AUX cblr-1746 421 20 return101 return101 PROPN cblr-1746 421 21 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 421 22 there there PRON cblr-1746 421 23 is be VERB cblr-1746 421 24 ample ample ADJ cblr-1746 421 25 reason reason NOUN cblr-1746 421 26 to to PART cblr-1746 421 27 believe believe VERB cblr-1746 421 28 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 421 29 some some PRON cblr-1746 421 30 might might AUX cblr-1746 421 31 choose choose VERB cblr-1746 421 32 to to PART cblr-1746 421 33 do do VERB cblr-1746 421 34 so so ADV cblr-1746 421 35 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 421 36 the the DET cblr-1746 421 37 transaction transaction NOUN cblr-1746 421 38 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 421 39 of of ADP cblr-1746 421 40 aggregating aggregate VERB cblr-1746 421 41 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 421 42 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 421 43 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 421 44 finding finding NOUN cblr-1746 421 45 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 421 46 communicating communicate VERB cblr-1746 421 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 421 48 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 421 49 negotiating negotiate VERB cblr-1746 421 50 with with ADP cblr-1746 421 51 one one NUM cblr-1746 421 52 another another DET cblr-1746 421 53 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 421 54 were be AUX cblr-1746 421 55 sufficiently sufficiently ADV cblr-1746 421 56 small small ADJ cblr-1746 421 57 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 422 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 422 2 those those DET cblr-1746 422 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 422 4 members member NOUN cblr-1746 422 5 with with ADP cblr-1746 422 6 comparatively comparatively ADV cblr-1746 422 7 small small ADJ cblr-1746 422 8 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 422 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 422 10 the the DET cblr-1746 422 11 fixed fix VERB cblr-1746 422 12 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 422 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 422 14 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 422 15 likely likely ADV cblr-1746 422 16 preclude preclude VERB cblr-1746 422 17 any any DET cblr-1746 422 18 alternative alternative NOUN cblr-1746 422 19 to to PART cblr-1746 422 20 aggregation.102 aggregation.102 VERB cblr-1746 422 21 associated associate VERB cblr-1746 422 22 with with ADP cblr-1746 422 23 that that DET cblr-1746 422 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 422 25 member member NOUN cblr-1746 422 26 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 422 27 exceeds exceed VERB cblr-1746 422 28 the the DET cblr-1746 422 29 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 422 30 benefit benefit NOUN cblr-1746 422 31 that that PRON cblr-1746 422 32 the the DET cblr-1746 422 33 class class NOUN cblr-1746 422 34 obtains obtain VERB cblr-1746 422 35 from from ADP cblr-1746 422 36 adding add VERB cblr-1746 422 37 that that DET cblr-1746 422 38 member member NOUN cblr-1746 422 39 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 423 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 423 2 instance instance NOUN cblr-1746 423 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 423 4 it it PRON cblr-1746 423 5 might might AUX cblr-1746 423 6 cost cost VERB cblr-1746 423 7 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 423 8 500 500 NUM cblr-1746 423 9 to to PART cblr-1746 423 10 identify identify VERB cblr-1746 423 11 a a DET cblr-1746 423 12 consumer consumer NOUN cblr-1746 423 13 entitled entitle VERB cblr-1746 423 14 to to ADP cblr-1746 423 15 a a DET cblr-1746 423 16 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 423 17 100 100 NUM cblr-1746 423 18 remedy remedy NOUN cblr-1746 423 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 423 20 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 423 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 423 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 424 1 100 100 NUM cblr-1746 424 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 424 3 hay hay PROPN cblr-1746 424 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 424 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 424 6 note note PROPN cblr-1746 424 7 28 28 NUM cblr-1746 424 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 424 9 at at ADP cblr-1746 424 10 1437 1437 NUM cblr-1746 424 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 424 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 424 13 first first ADV cblr-1746 424 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 424 15 there there PRON cblr-1746 424 16 is be VERB cblr-1746 424 17 no no DET cblr-1746 424 18 contractual contractual ADJ cblr-1746 424 19 relation relation NOUN cblr-1746 424 20 between between ADP cblr-1746 424 21 principal principal NOUN cblr-1746 424 22 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 424 23 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 424 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 425 1 the the DET cblr-1746 425 2 class class NOUN cblr-1746 425 3 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 425 4 does do AUX cblr-1746 425 5 not not PART cblr-1746 425 6 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 425 7 hire hire VERB cblr-1746 425 8 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 425 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 425 10 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 425 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 426 1 as as ADP cblr-1746 426 2 a a DET cblr-1746 426 3 result result NOUN cblr-1746 426 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 426 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 426 6 members member NOUN cblr-1746 426 7 can can AUX cblr-1746 426 8 not not PART cblr-1746 426 9 contractually contractually ADV cblr-1746 426 10 protect protect VERB cblr-1746 426 11 themselves themselves PRON cblr-1746 426 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 427 1 they they PRON cblr-1746 427 2 can can AUX cblr-1746 427 3 not not PART cblr-1746 427 4 structure structure VERB cblr-1746 427 5 the the DET cblr-1746 427 6 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 427 7 's 's PART cblr-1746 427 8 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 427 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 427 10 a a DET cblr-1746 427 11 way way NOUN cblr-1746 427 12 that that PRON cblr-1746 427 13 ensures ensure VERB cblr-1746 427 14 she she PRON cblr-1746 427 15 will will AUX cblr-1746 427 16 act act VERB cblr-1746 427 17 in in ADP cblr-1746 427 18 their their PRON cblr-1746 427 19 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 427 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 427 21 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 427 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 427 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 428 1 101 101 NUM cblr-1746 428 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 428 3 infra infra NOUN cblr-1746 428 4 part part NOUN cblr-1746 428 5 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 428 6 102 102 NUM cblr-1746 428 7 see see NOUN cblr-1746 428 8 carnegie carnegie NOUN cblr-1746 428 9 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 428 10 household household NOUN cblr-1746 428 11 int’l int’l NUM cblr-1746 428 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 428 13 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 428 14 . . PROPN cblr-1746 428 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 428 16 376 376 NUM cblr-1746 428 17 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 428 18 656 656 NUM cblr-1746 428 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 428 20 661 661 NUM cblr-1746 428 21 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 428 22 7th 7th ADJ cblr-1746 428 23 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 428 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 428 25 2004 2004 NUM cblr-1746 428 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 428 27 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 428 28 noting note VERB cblr-1746 428 29 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 428 30 in in ADP cblr-1746 428 31 light light NOUN cblr-1746 428 32 of of ADP cblr-1746 428 33 expected expect VERB cblr-1746 428 34 payoffs payoff NOUN cblr-1746 428 35 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 428 36 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 428 37 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 428 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 428 39 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 428 40 [ [ X cblr-1746 428 41 t]he t]he ADV cblr-1746 428 42 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 428 43 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 428 44 final final ADJ cblr-1746 428 45 768 768 NUM cblr-1746 428 46 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 428 47 business business NOUN cblr-1746 428 48 law law NOUN cblr-1746 428 49 review review NOUN cblr-1746 428 50 [ [ X cblr-1746 428 51 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 428 52 . . NOUN cblr-1746 428 53 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 428 54 even even ADV cblr-1746 428 55 for for ADP cblr-1746 428 56 those those DET cblr-1746 428 57 individuals individual NOUN cblr-1746 428 58 with with ADP cblr-1746 428 59 comparatively comparatively ADV cblr-1746 428 60 large large ADJ cblr-1746 428 61 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 428 62 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 428 63 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 428 64 presents present NOUN cblr-1746 428 65 efficiencies efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 428 66 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 429 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 429 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 429 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 429 4 behavioralscience behavioralscience NOUN cblr-1746 429 5 studies study NOUN cblr-1746 429 6 suggest suggest VERB cblr-1746 429 7 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 429 8 jurors juror NOUN cblr-1746 429 9 are be AUX cblr-1746 429 10 more more ADV cblr-1746 429 11 likely likely ADJ cblr-1746 429 12 to to PART cblr-1746 429 13 award award VERB cblr-1746 429 14 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 429 15 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 429 16 presented present VERB cblr-1746 429 17 with with ADP cblr-1746 429 18 multiple multiple ADJ cblr-1746 429 19 plaintiffs.103 plaintiffs.103 NOUN cblr-1746 429 20 there there PRON cblr-1746 429 21 are be VERB cblr-1746 429 22 also also ADV cblr-1746 429 23 personal personal ADJ cblr-1746 429 24 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 429 25 to to ADP cblr-1746 429 26 pursuing pursue VERB cblr-1746 429 27 a a DET cblr-1746 429 28 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 429 29 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 429 30 one one PRON cblr-1746 429 31 should should AUX cblr-1746 429 32 not not PART cblr-1746 429 33 discredit discredit VERB cblr-1746 429 34 the the DET cblr-1746 429 35 reputational reputational ADJ cblr-1746 429 36 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 429 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 429 38 discovery discovery NOUN cblr-1746 429 39 burden burden NOUN cblr-1746 429 40 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 429 41 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 429 42 timeconsuming timeconsuming NOUN cblr-1746 429 43 process process NOUN cblr-1746 429 44 of of ADP cblr-1746 429 45 attending attend VERB cblr-1746 429 46 to to ADP cblr-1746 429 47 the the DET cblr-1746 429 48 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 429 49 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 429 50 one one PRON cblr-1746 429 51 avoids avoid VERB cblr-1746 429 52 as as ADP cblr-1746 429 53 an an DET cblr-1746 429 54 anonymous anonymous ADJ cblr-1746 429 55 class class NOUN cblr-1746 429 56 member.104 member.104 PROPN cblr-1746 429 57 finally finally ADV cblr-1746 429 58 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 429 59 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 429 60 litigants litigant NOUN cblr-1746 429 61 face face VERB cblr-1746 429 62 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 429 63 dynamic dynamic ADJ cblr-1746 429 64 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 429 65 absent absent ADJ cblr-1746 429 66 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 429 67 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 430 1 were be AUX cblr-1746 430 2 many many ADJ cblr-1746 430 3 claimants claimant NOUN cblr-1746 430 4 to to PART cblr-1746 430 5 pursue pursue VERB cblr-1746 430 6 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 430 7 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 430 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 430 9 there there PRON cblr-1746 430 10 would would AUX cblr-1746 430 11 be be AUX cblr-1746 430 12 a a DET cblr-1746 430 13 costly costly ADJ cblr-1746 430 14 race race NOUN cblr-1746 430 15 to to ADP cblr-1746 430 16 the the DET cblr-1746 430 17 courthouse courthouse NOUN cblr-1746 430 18 among among ADP cblr-1746 430 19 those those PRON cblr-1746 430 20 with with ADP cblr-1746 430 21 similar similar ADJ cblr-1746 430 22 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 430 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 431 1 this this PRON cblr-1746 431 2 might might AUX cblr-1746 431 3 be be AUX cblr-1746 431 4 driven drive VERB cblr-1746 431 5 by by ADP cblr-1746 431 6 a a DET cblr-1746 431 7 desire desire NOUN cblr-1746 431 8 to to PART cblr-1746 431 9 avoid avoid VERB cblr-1746 431 10 waiting wait VERB cblr-1746 431 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 431 12 line line NOUN cblr-1746 431 13 for for ADP cblr-1746 431 14 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 431 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 431 16 particularly particularly ADV cblr-1746 431 17 given give VERB cblr-1746 431 18 the the DET cblr-1746 431 19 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 431 20 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 431 21 a a DET cblr-1746 431 22 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 431 23 that that PRON cblr-1746 431 24 has have AUX cblr-1746 431 25 harmed harm VERB cblr-1746 431 26 many many ADJ cblr-1746 431 27 individuals individual NOUN cblr-1746 431 28 will will AUX cblr-1746 431 29 become become VERB cblr-1746 431 30 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 431 31 proof.105 proof.105 NOUN cblr-1746 431 32 the the DET cblr-1746 431 33 negative negative ADJ cblr-1746 431 34 feedback feedback NOUN cblr-1746 431 35 loop loop NOUN cblr-1746 431 36 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 431 37 dynamic dynamic ADJ cblr-1746 431 38 consequences consequence NOUN cblr-1746 431 39 of of ADP cblr-1746 431 40 this this DET cblr-1746 431 41 rush rush NOUN cblr-1746 431 42 to to ADP cblr-1746 431 43 the the DET cblr-1746 431 44 courthouse courthouse NOUN cblr-1746 431 45 are be AUX cblr-1746 431 46 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 431 47 from from ADP cblr-1746 431 48 the the DET cblr-1746 431 49 claimants claimant NOUN cblr-1746 431 50 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 431 51 perspective perspective NOUN cblr-1746 431 52 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 431 53 significant significant ADJ cblr-1746 431 54 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 432 1 would would AUX cblr-1746 432 2 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 432 3 be be AUX cblr-1746 432 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 432 5 members member NOUN cblr-1746 432 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 432 7 unwilling unwilling ADJ cblr-1746 432 8 to to PART cblr-1746 432 9 aggregate,106 aggregate,106 NOUN cblr-1746 432 10 would would AUX cblr-1746 432 11 collectively collectively ADV cblr-1746 432 12 drain drain VERB cblr-1746 432 13 the the DET cblr-1746 432 14 judiciary judiciary NOUN cblr-1746 432 15 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 432 16 limited limited ADJ cblr-1746 432 17 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 432 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 433 1 as as ADP cblr-1746 433 2 a a DET cblr-1746 433 3 result result NOUN cblr-1746 433 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 433 5 the the DET cblr-1746 433 6 timeliness timeliness NOUN cblr-1746 433 7 with with ADP cblr-1746 433 8 which which PRON cblr-1746 433 9 a a DET cblr-1746 433 10 randomly randomly ADV cblr-1746 433 11 selected select VERB cblr-1746 433 12 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 433 13 is be AUX cblr-1746 433 14 resolved resolve VERB cblr-1746 433 15 falls fall NOUN cblr-1746 433 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 434 1 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 434 2 of of ADP cblr-1746 434 3 the the DET cblr-1746 434 4 time time NOUN cblr-1746 434 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 434 6 value value NOUN cblr-1746 434 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 434 8 realistic realistic ADJ cblr-1746 434 9 alternative alternative NOUN cblr-1746 434 10 to to ADP cblr-1746 434 11 a a DET cblr-1746 434 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 434 13 action action NOUN cblr-1746 434 14 is be AUX cblr-1746 434 15 not not PART cblr-1746 434 16 17 17 NUM cblr-1746 434 17 million million NUM cblr-1746 434 18 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 434 19 suits suit NOUN cblr-1746 434 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 434 21 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 434 22 zero zero NUM cblr-1746 434 23 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 434 24 suits suit NOUN cblr-1746 434 25 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 434 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 434 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 435 1 103 103 NUM cblr-1746 435 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 435 3 irwin irwin PROPN cblr-1746 435 4 a. a. PROPN cblr-1746 435 5 horowitz horowitz PROPN cblr-1746 435 6 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 435 7 kenneth kenneth PROPN cblr-1746 435 8 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 435 9 bordens bordens PROPN cblr-1746 435 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 435 11 the the DET cblr-1746 435 12 consolidation consolidation NOUN cblr-1746 435 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 435 14 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 435 15 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 435 16 the the DET cblr-1746 435 17 effects effect NOUN cblr-1746 435 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 435 19 number number NOUN cblr-1746 435 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 435 21 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 435 22 on on ADP cblr-1746 435 23 jurors juror NOUN cblr-1746 435 24 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 435 25 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 435 26 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 435 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 435 28 damage damage NOUN cblr-1746 435 29 awards award NOUN cblr-1746 435 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 435 31 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 435 32 cognitive cognitive ADJ cblr-1746 435 33 processing processing NOUN cblr-1746 435 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 435 35 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 435 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 435 37 85 85 NUM cblr-1746 435 38 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 435 39 app app PROPN cblr-1746 435 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 435 41 psychol psychol PROPN cblr-1746 435 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 436 1 909 909 NUM cblr-1746 436 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 436 3 914–17 914–17 NUM cblr-1746 436 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 436 5 2000 2000 NUM cblr-1746 436 6 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 436 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 437 1 104 104 NUM cblr-1746 437 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 437 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 437 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 437 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 437 6 does do AUX cblr-1746 437 7 i i PRON cblr-1746 437 8 thru thru VERB cblr-1746 437 9 xxiii xxiii PROPN cblr-1746 438 1 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 438 2 advanced advanced PROPN cblr-1746 438 3 textile textile PROPN cblr-1746 438 4 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 438 5 . . PROPN cblr-1746 438 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 438 7 214 214 NUM cblr-1746 438 8 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 438 9 1058 1058 NUM cblr-1746 438 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 438 11 1067–68 1067–68 NUM cblr-1746 438 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 438 13 9th 9th ADJ cblr-1746 438 14 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 438 15 . . PROPN cblr-1746 438 16 2000 2000 NUM cblr-1746 438 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 439 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 439 2 recognizing recognize VERB cblr-1746 439 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 439 4 one one NUM cblr-1746 439 5 benefit benefit NOUN cblr-1746 439 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 439 7 the the DET cblr-1746 439 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 439 9 action action NOUN cblr-1746 439 10 mechanism mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 439 11 is be AUX cblr-1746 439 12 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 439 13 it it PRON cblr-1746 439 14 can can AUX cblr-1746 439 15 provide provide VERB cblr-1746 439 16 a a DET cblr-1746 439 17 degree degree NOUN cblr-1746 439 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 439 19 anonymity anonymity NOUN cblr-1746 439 20 to to ADP cblr-1746 439 21 unnamed unnamed ADJ cblr-1746 439 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 439 23 members member NOUN cblr-1746 439 24 who who PRON cblr-1746 439 25 reasonably reasonably ADV cblr-1746 439 26 fear fear VERB cblr-1746 439 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 439 28 for for ADP cblr-1746 439 29 example example NOUN cblr-1746 439 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 439 31 workplace workplace ADJ cblr-1746 439 32 retaliation retaliation NOUN cblr-1746 439 33 that that PRON cblr-1746 439 34 would would AUX cblr-1746 439 35 follow follow VERB cblr-1746 439 36 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 439 37 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 439 38 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 439 39 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 440 1 105 105 NUM cblr-1746 440 2 this this PRON cblr-1746 440 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 440 4 analogous analogous ADJ cblr-1746 440 5 to to ADP cblr-1746 440 6 the the DET cblr-1746 440 7 creditors creditor NOUN cblr-1746 440 8 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 440 9 bargain bargain NOUN cblr-1746 440 10 in in ADP cblr-1746 440 11 bankruptcy bankruptcy NOUN cblr-1746 440 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 440 13 which which PRON cblr-1746 440 14 posits posit VERB cblr-1746 440 15 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 440 16 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 440 17 should should AUX cblr-1746 440 18 interpret interpret VERB cblr-1746 440 19 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 440 20 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 440 21 bankruptcy bankruptcy NOUN cblr-1746 440 22 priorities priority NOUN cblr-1746 440 23 to to PART cblr-1746 440 24 replicate replicate VERB cblr-1746 440 25 the the DET cblr-1746 440 26 hypothetical hypothetical ADJ cblr-1746 440 27 agreements agreement NOUN cblr-1746 440 28 that that PRON cblr-1746 440 29 creditors creditor NOUN cblr-1746 440 30 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 440 31 that that PRON cblr-1746 440 32 did do AUX cblr-1746 440 33 not not PART cblr-1746 440 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 440 35 in in ADP cblr-1746 440 36 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 440 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 440 38 bargain bargain NOUN cblr-1746 440 39 ex ex NOUN cblr-1746 440 40 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 440 41 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 440 42 would would AUX cblr-1746 440 43 have have AUX cblr-1746 440 44 reached reach VERB cblr-1746 440 45 to to PART cblr-1746 440 46 avoid avoid VERB cblr-1746 440 47 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 440 48 a a DET cblr-1746 440 49 race race NOUN cblr-1746 440 50 to to ADP cblr-1746 440 51 the the DET cblr-1746 440 52 courthouse courthouse NOUN cblr-1746 440 53 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 440 54 to to PART cblr-1746 440 55 claim claim VERB cblr-1746 440 56 priority priority NOUN cblr-1746 440 57 on on ADP cblr-1746 440 58 a a DET cblr-1746 440 59 debtor debtor NOUN cblr-1746 440 60 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 440 61 limited limited ADJ cblr-1746 440 62 assets asset NOUN cblr-1746 440 63 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 441 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 441 2 thomas thomas PROPN cblr-1746 441 3 h. h. PROPN cblr-1746 441 4 jackson jackson PROPN cblr-1746 441 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 441 6 bankruptcy bankruptcy NOUN cblr-1746 441 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 441 8 non non ADJ cblr-1746 441 9 - - ADJ cblr-1746 441 10 bankruptcy bankruptcy ADJ cblr-1746 441 11 entitlements entitlement NOUN cblr-1746 441 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 441 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 441 14 the the DET cblr-1746 441 15 creditors creditor NOUN cblr-1746 441 16 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 441 17 bargain bargain NOUN cblr-1746 441 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 441 19 91 91 NUM cblr-1746 441 20 yale yale PROPN cblr-1746 441 21 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 441 22 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 441 23 857 857 PROPN cblr-1746 441 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 441 25 862 862 NUM cblr-1746 441 26 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 441 27 1982 1982 NUM cblr-1746 441 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 441 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 442 1 106 106 NUM cblr-1746 442 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 442 3 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 442 4 hubbard hubbard NOUN cblr-1746 442 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 442 6 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 442 7 note note NOUN cblr-1746 442 8 81 81 NUM cblr-1746 442 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 443 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 443 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 443 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 443 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 443 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 444 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 444 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 444 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 444 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 444 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 444 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 444 7 769 769 NUM cblr-1746 444 8 money,107 money,107 NOUN cblr-1746 444 9 every every DET cblr-1746 444 10 would would AUX cblr-1746 444 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 444 12 be be AUX cblr-1746 444 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 444 14 member member NOUN cblr-1746 444 15 is be AUX cblr-1746 444 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 444 17 a a DET cblr-1746 444 18 worse bad ADJ cblr-1746 444 19 position position NOUN cblr-1746 444 20 ex ex X cblr-1746 444 21 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 444 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 445 1 3 3 X cblr-1746 445 2 . . X cblr-1746 445 3 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 445 4 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 445 5 tripartite tripartite ADJ cblr-1746 445 6 organization organization NOUN cblr-1746 445 7 many many ADJ cblr-1746 445 8 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 445 9 organize organize VERB cblr-1746 445 10 around around ADP cblr-1746 445 11 a a DET cblr-1746 445 12 tripartite tripartite ADJ cblr-1746 445 13 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 445 14 by by ADP cblr-1746 445 15 which which PRON cblr-1746 445 16 principals principal NOUN cblr-1746 445 17 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 445 18 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 445 19 are be AUX cblr-1746 445 20 balanced balance VERB cblr-1746 445 21 against against ADP cblr-1746 445 22 agents agent NOUN cblr-1746 445 23 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 445 24 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 445 25 by by ADP cblr-1746 445 26 an an DET cblr-1746 445 27 intervening intervene VERB cblr-1746 445 28 monitor monitor NOUN cblr-1746 445 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 445 30 such such ADJ cblr-1746 445 31 as as ADP cblr-1746 445 32 a a DET cblr-1746 445 33 board board NOUN cblr-1746 445 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 445 35 directors.108 directors.108 NOUN cblr-1746 445 36 the the DET cblr-1746 445 37 monitor monitor NOUN cblr-1746 445 38 is be AUX cblr-1746 445 39 tasked task VERB cblr-1746 445 40 with with ADP cblr-1746 445 41 reducing reduce VERB cblr-1746 445 42 information information NOUN cblr-1746 445 43 asymmetry asymmetry NOUN cblr-1746 445 44 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 445 45 ensuring ensure VERB cblr-1746 445 46 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 445 47 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 445 48 managers manager NOUN cblr-1746 445 49 do do AUX cblr-1746 445 50 not not PART cblr-1746 445 51 act act VERB cblr-1746 445 52 in in ADP cblr-1746 445 53 a a DET cblr-1746 445 54 self self NOUN cblr-1746 445 55 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 445 56 interested interest VERB cblr-1746 445 57 manner manner NOUN cblr-1746 445 58 contrary contrary ADV cblr-1746 445 59 to to ADP cblr-1746 445 60 the the DET cblr-1746 445 61 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 445 62 of of ADP cblr-1746 445 63 the the DET cblr-1746 445 64 owner owner NOUN cblr-1746 445 65 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 445 66 principals principal NOUN cblr-1746 445 67 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 445 68 such such ADJ cblr-1746 445 69 as as ADP cblr-1746 445 70 shareholders.109 shareholders.109 VERB cblr-1746 445 71 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 445 72 these these DET cblr-1746 445 73 monitors monitor NOUN cblr-1746 445 74 are be AUX cblr-1746 445 75 charged charge VERB cblr-1746 445 76 with with ADP cblr-1746 445 77 reviewing review VERB cblr-1746 445 78 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 445 79 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 445 80 at at ADP cblr-1746 445 81 a a DET cblr-1746 445 82 high high ADJ cblr-1746 445 83 level level NOUN cblr-1746 445 84 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 445 85 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 445 86 than than ADP cblr-1746 445 87 managing manage VERB cblr-1746 445 88 the the DET cblr-1746 445 89 day day NOUN cblr-1746 445 90 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 445 91 to to ADP cblr-1746 445 92 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 445 93 day day NOUN cblr-1746 445 94 operations operation NOUN cblr-1746 445 95 of of ADP cblr-1746 445 96 the the DET cblr-1746 445 97 firm.110 firm.110 NOUN cblr-1746 445 98 this this DET cblr-1746 445 99 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 445 100 role role NOUN cblr-1746 445 101 carries carry VERB cblr-1746 445 102 a a DET cblr-1746 445 103 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 445 104 duty duty NOUN cblr-1746 445 105 of of ADP cblr-1746 445 106 care.111 care.111 PROPN cblr-1746 445 107 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 445 108 one one NUM cblr-1746 445 109 commentator commentator NOUN cblr-1746 445 110 observed observe VERB cblr-1746 445 111 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 445 112 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 445 113 [ [ X cblr-1746 445 114 d]irectors d]irector NOUN cblr-1746 445 115 have have VERB cblr-1746 445 116 a a DET cblr-1746 445 117 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 445 118 duty duty NOUN cblr-1746 445 119 to to ADP cblr-1746 445 120 their their PRON cblr-1746 445 121 corporations corporation NOUN cblr-1746 445 122 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 445 123 such such ADJ cblr-1746 445 124 that that DET cblr-1746 445 125 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 445 126 for for ADP cblr-1746 445 127 negligence negligence NOUN cblr-1746 445 128 in in ADP cblr-1746 445 129 permitting permit VERB cblr-1746 445 130 mismanagement mismanagement NOUN cblr-1746 445 131 is be AUX cblr-1746 445 132 considered consider VERB cblr-1746 445 133 a a DET cblr-1746 445 134 betrayal betrayal NOUN cblr-1746 445 135 of of ADP cblr-1746 445 136 those those PRON cblr-1746 445 137 who who PRON cblr-1746 445 138 had have AUX cblr-1746 445 139 reposed repose VERB cblr-1746 445 140 trust trust NOUN cblr-1746 445 141 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 445 142 confidence confidence NOUN cblr-1746 445 143 in in ADP cblr-1746 445 144 him he PRON cblr-1746 445 145 to to PART cblr-1746 445 146 perform perform VERB cblr-1746 445 147 the the DET cblr-1746 445 148 duties duty NOUN cblr-1746 445 149 of of ADP cblr-1746 445 150 a a DET cblr-1746 445 151 director director NOUN cblr-1746 445 152 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 446 1 ”112 ”112 PROPN cblr-1746 446 2 class class NOUN cblr-1746 446 3 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 446 4 parallel parallel VERB cblr-1746 446 5 this this DET cblr-1746 446 6 tripartite tripartite ADJ cblr-1746 446 7 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 446 8 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 446 9 though though SCONJ cblr-1746 446 10 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 446 11 to to PART cblr-1746 446 12 limited limited ADJ cblr-1746 446 13 effect.113 effect.113 NOUN cblr-1746 446 14 specifically specifically ADV cblr-1746 446 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 446 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 446 17 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 446 18 might might AUX cblr-1746 446 19 monitor monitor VERB cblr-1746 446 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 446 21 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 446 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 446 23 balancing balance VERB cblr-1746 446 24 the the DET cblr-1746 446 25 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 446 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 446 27 unnamed unnamed ADJ cblr-1746 446 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 446 29 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 446 30 member member NOUN cblr-1746 446 31 principals principal NOUN cblr-1746 446 32 against against ADP cblr-1746 446 33 the the DET cblr-1746 446 34 potentially potentially ADV cblr-1746 446 35 self self NOUN cblr-1746 446 36 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 446 37 interested interest VERB cblr-1746 446 38 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 446 39 of of ADP cblr-1746 446 40 class class NOUN cblr-1746 446 41 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 446 42 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 446 43 agents agent NOUN cblr-1746 446 44 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 447 1 the the DET cblr-1746 447 2 potential potential NOUN cblr-1746 447 3 for for ADP cblr-1746 447 4 an an DET cblr-1746 447 5 efficacious efficacious ADJ cblr-1746 447 6 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 447 7 device device NOUN cblr-1746 447 8 lies lie VERB cblr-1746 447 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 447 10 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 447 11 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 447 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 447 13 which which PRON cblr-1746 447 14 requires require VERB cblr-1746 447 15 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 447 16 to to PART cblr-1746 447 17 ensure ensure VERB cblr-1746 447 18 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 447 19 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 447 20 the the DET cblr-1746 447 21 representative representative ADJ cblr-1746 447 22 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 447 23 will will AUX cblr-1746 447 24 fairly fairly ADV cblr-1746 447 25 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 447 26 adequately adequately ADV cblr-1746 447 27 protect protect VERB cblr-1746 447 28 the the DET cblr-1746 447 29 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 447 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 447 31 the the DET cblr-1746 447 32 107 107 NUM cblr-1746 447 33 see see VERB cblr-1746 447 34 jacob jacob PROPN cblr-1746 447 35 nussim nussim PROPN cblr-1746 447 36 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 447 37 avraham avraham PROPN cblr-1746 447 38 tabbach tabbach PROPN cblr-1746 447 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 447 40 tax tax NOUN cblr-1746 447 41 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 447 42 loss loss NOUN cblr-1746 447 43 mechanisms mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 447 44 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 447 45 81 81 NUM cblr-1746 447 46 u. u. NOUN cblr-1746 447 47 chi chi PROPN cblr-1746 447 48 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 448 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 448 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 448 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 448 4 1509 1509 NUM cblr-1746 448 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 448 6 1532 1532 NUM cblr-1746 448 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 448 8 2014 2014 NUM cblr-1746 448 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 448 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 449 1 108 108 NUM cblr-1746 449 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 449 3 christianson christianson PROPN cblr-1746 449 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 449 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 449 6 note note PROPN cblr-1746 449 7 9 9 NUM cblr-1746 449 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 449 9 § § NOUN cblr-1746 449 10 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 449 11 . . NOUN cblr-1746 449 12 109 109 NUM cblr-1746 449 13 see see VERB cblr-1746 449 14 nicola nicola PROPN cblr-1746 449 15 faith faith PROPN cblr-1746 449 16 sharpe sharpe PROPN cblr-1746 449 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 449 18 questioning question VERB cblr-1746 449 19 authority authority NOUN cblr-1746 449 20 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 449 21 the the DET cblr-1746 449 22 critical critical ADJ cblr-1746 449 23 link link NOUN cblr-1746 449 24 between between ADP cblr-1746 449 25 board board NOUN cblr-1746 449 26 power power NOUN cblr-1746 449 27 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 449 28 process process NOUN cblr-1746 449 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 449 30 38 38 NUM cblr-1746 449 31 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 449 32 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 449 33 . . PROPN cblr-1746 449 34 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 449 35 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 449 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 449 37 5 5 NUM cblr-1746 449 38 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 449 39 2012 2012 NUM cblr-1746 449 40 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 449 41 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 449 42 noting note VERB cblr-1746 449 43 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 449 44 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 449 45 boards board NOUN cblr-1746 449 46 are be AUX cblr-1746 449 47 assumed assume VERB cblr-1746 449 48 to to PART cblr-1746 449 49 be be AUX cblr-1746 449 50 effective effective ADJ cblr-1746 449 51 at at ADP cblr-1746 449 52 monitoring monitor VERB cblr-1746 449 53 managers manager NOUN cblr-1746 449 54 in in ADP cblr-1746 449 55 order order NOUN cblr-1746 449 56 to to PART cblr-1746 449 57 reduce reduce VERB cblr-1746 449 58 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 449 59 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 449 60 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 449 61 maximize maximize VERB cblr-1746 449 62 shareholder shareholder NOUN cblr-1746 449 63 wealth wealth NOUN cblr-1746 449 64 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 449 65 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 449 66 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 450 1 110 110 NUM cblr-1746 450 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 450 3 marks mark NOUN cblr-1746 450 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 450 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 450 6 note note NOUN cblr-1746 450 7 93 93 NUM cblr-1746 450 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 450 9 at at ADP cblr-1746 450 10 706 706 NUM cblr-1746 450 11 . . NOUN cblr-1746 450 12 111 111 NUM cblr-1746 450 13 see see VERB cblr-1746 450 14 smith smith PROPN cblr-1746 450 15 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 450 16 van van PROPN cblr-1746 450 17 gorkom gorkom PROPN cblr-1746 450 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 450 19 488 488 NUM cblr-1746 450 20 a.2d a.2d NUM cblr-1746 450 21 858 858 NUM cblr-1746 450 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 450 23 872–73 872–73 X cblr-1746 450 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 450 25 del del PROPN cblr-1746 450 26 . . PROPN cblr-1746 450 27 1985 1985 NUM cblr-1746 450 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 450 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 451 1 112 112 NUM cblr-1746 451 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 451 3 christianson christianson PROPN cblr-1746 451 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 451 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 451 6 note note PROPN cblr-1746 451 7 9 9 NUM cblr-1746 451 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 451 9 § § PROPN cblr-1746 451 10 5 5 NUM cblr-1746 451 11 . . SYM cblr-1746 451 12 113 113 NUM cblr-1746 451 13 see see VERB cblr-1746 451 14 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 451 15 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 451 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 451 17 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 451 18 note note PROPN cblr-1746 451 19 62 62 NUM cblr-1746 451 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 452 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 452 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 452 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 452 4 770 770 NUM cblr-1746 452 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 452 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 452 7 law law NOUN cblr-1746 452 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 453 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 453 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 453 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 453 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 453 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 453 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 453 7 ”114 ”114 PUNCT cblr-1746 453 8 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 453 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 453 10 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 453 11 regularly regularly ADV cblr-1746 453 12 impose impose VERB cblr-1746 453 13 a a DET cblr-1746 453 14 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 453 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 453 16 like like ADJ cblr-1746 453 17 duty duty NOUN cblr-1746 453 18 on on ADP cblr-1746 453 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 453 20 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 453 21 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 453 22 to to PART cblr-1746 453 23 promote promote VERB cblr-1746 453 24 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 453 25 protect protect VERB cblr-1746 453 26 the the DET cblr-1746 453 27 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 453 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 453 29 the the DET cblr-1746 453 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 453 31 he he PRON cblr-1746 453 32 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 453 33 she she PRON cblr-1746 453 34 purports purport VERB cblr-1746 453 35 to to PART cblr-1746 453 36 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 453 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 453 38 ”115 ”115 PUNCT cblr-1746 453 39 however however ADV cblr-1746 453 40 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 453 41 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 453 42 widely widely ADV cblr-1746 453 43 differ differ VERB cblr-1746 453 44 in in ADP cblr-1746 453 45 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 453 46 these these DET cblr-1746 453 47 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 453 48 are be AUX cblr-1746 453 49 enforced enforce VERB cblr-1746 453 50 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 454 1 nearly nearly ADV cblr-1746 454 2 all all PRON cblr-1746 454 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 454 4 abstractly abstractly ADV cblr-1746 454 5 state state VERB cblr-1746 454 6 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 454 7 a a DET cblr-1746 454 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 454 9 representative representative NOUN cblr-1746 454 10 must must AUX cblr-1746 454 11 guard guard VERB cblr-1746 454 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 454 13 members member NOUN cblr-1746 454 14 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 454 15 interests116 interests116 PROPN cblr-1746 454 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 454 17 do do VERB cblr-1746 454 18 more more ADJ cblr-1746 454 19 than than SCONJ cblr-1746 454 20 simply simply ADV cblr-1746 454 21 lend lend VERB cblr-1746 454 22 a a DET cblr-1746 454 23 lead lead ADJ cblr-1746 454 24 name name NOUN cblr-1746 454 25 to to ADP cblr-1746 454 26 the the DET cblr-1746 454 27 litigation.117 litigation.117 NOUN cblr-1746 454 28 many many ADJ cblr-1746 454 29 go go VERB cblr-1746 454 30 further far ADV cblr-1746 454 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 454 32 strictly strictly ADV cblr-1746 454 33 applying apply VERB cblr-1746 454 34 the the DET cblr-1746 454 35 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 454 36 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 454 37 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 454 38 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 454 39 by by ADP cblr-1746 454 40 imposing impose VERB cblr-1746 454 41 additional additional ADJ cblr-1746 454 42 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 454 43 obligations obligation NOUN cblr-1746 454 44 on on ADP cblr-1746 454 45 representative representative ADJ cblr-1746 454 46 plaintiffs.118 plaintiffs.118 NOUN cblr-1746 454 47 setting set VERB cblr-1746 454 48 a a DET cblr-1746 454 49 high high ADJ cblr-1746 454 50 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 454 51 water water NOUN cblr-1746 454 52 mark mark NOUN cblr-1746 454 53 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 454 54 some some DET cblr-1746 454 55 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 454 56 even even ADV cblr-1746 454 57 require require VERB cblr-1746 454 58 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 454 59 class class NOUN cblr-1746 454 60 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 454 61 114 114 NUM cblr-1746 454 62 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 454 63 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 455 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 455 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 455 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 456 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 456 2 23(a)(4 23(a)(4 NUM cblr-1746 456 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 456 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 457 1 115 115 NUM cblr-1746 457 2 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 457 3 joseph joseph PROPN cblr-1746 457 4 m. m. PROPN cblr-1746 457 5 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 457 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 457 7 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 457 8 on on ADP cblr-1746 457 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 457 10 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 457 11 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 457 12 law law NOUN cblr-1746 457 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 457 14 practice practice VERB cblr-1746 457 15 § § PROPN cblr-1746 457 16 4:27 4:27 NUM cblr-1746 457 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 457 18 13th 13th NOUN cblr-1746 457 19 ed ed NOUN cblr-1746 457 20 . . PROPN cblr-1746 457 21 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 457 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 457 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 458 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 458 2 examples example NOUN cblr-1746 458 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 4 see see VERB cblr-1746 458 5 london london PROPN cblr-1746 458 6 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 458 7 walmart walmart PROPN cblr-1746 458 8 stores stores PROPN cblr-1746 458 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 10 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 458 11 . . PROPN cblr-1746 458 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 13 340 340 NUM cblr-1746 458 14 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 458 15 1246 1246 NUM cblr-1746 458 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 17 1254 1254 NUM cblr-1746 458 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 458 19 11th 11th ADJ cblr-1746 458 20 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 458 21 . . PROPN cblr-1746 458 22 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 458 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 458 24 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 458 25 sondel sondel PROPN cblr-1746 458 26 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 458 27 nw nw PROPN cblr-1746 458 28 . . PROPN cblr-1746 458 29 airlines airlines PROPN cblr-1746 458 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 31 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 458 32 . . PROPN cblr-1746 458 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 34 56 56 NUM cblr-1746 458 35 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 458 36 934 934 NUM cblr-1746 458 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 38 938–39 938–39 NUM cblr-1746 458 39 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 458 40 8th 8th ADJ cblr-1746 458 41 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 458 42 . . PROPN cblr-1746 458 43 1995 1995 NUM cblr-1746 458 44 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 458 45 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 458 46 stating state VERB cblr-1746 458 47 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 458 48 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 458 49 certified certified ADJ cblr-1746 458 50 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 458 51 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 458 52 the the DET cblr-1746 458 53 class class NOUN cblr-1746 458 54 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 458 55 assumed assume VERB cblr-1746 458 56 certain certain ADJ cblr-1746 458 57 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 458 58 responsibilities responsibility NOUN cblr-1746 458 59 to to ADP cblr-1746 458 60 the the DET cblr-1746 458 61 class class NOUN cblr-1746 458 62 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 63 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 458 64 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 458 65 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 458 66 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 458 67 the the DET cblr-1746 458 68 certified certified ADJ cblr-1746 458 69 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 458 70 may may AUX cblr-1746 458 71 not not PART cblr-1746 458 72 take take VERB cblr-1746 458 73 any any DET cblr-1746 458 74 action action NOUN cblr-1746 458 75 which which PRON cblr-1746 458 76 will will AUX cblr-1746 458 77 prejudice prejudice VERB cblr-1746 458 78 the the DET cblr-1746 458 79 class class NOUN cblr-1746 458 80 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 458 81 interest interest NOUN cblr-1746 458 82 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 83 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 458 84 further far ADV cblr-1746 458 85 their their PRON cblr-1746 458 86 personal personal ADJ cblr-1746 458 87 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 458 88 at at ADP cblr-1746 458 89 the the DET cblr-1746 458 90 expense expense NOUN cblr-1746 458 91 of of ADP cblr-1746 458 92 the the DET cblr-1746 458 93 class class NOUN cblr-1746 458 94 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 458 95 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 458 96 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 458 97 roper roper NOUN cblr-1746 458 98 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 458 99 consurve consurve PROPN cblr-1746 458 100 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 101 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 458 102 . . PROPN cblr-1746 458 103 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 104 578 578 NUM cblr-1746 458 105 f.2d f.2d NOUN cblr-1746 458 106 1106 1106 NUM cblr-1746 458 107 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 108 1110–11 1110–11 NUM cblr-1746 458 109 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 458 110 5th 5th ADJ cblr-1746 458 111 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 458 112 . . PROPN cblr-1746 458 113 1978 1978 NUM cblr-1746 458 114 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 458 115 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 458 116 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 458 117 [ [ X cblr-1746 458 118 b]y b]y NOUN cblr-1746 458 119 the the DET cblr-1746 458 120 very very ADJ cblr-1746 458 121 act act NOUN cblr-1746 458 122 of of ADP cblr-1746 458 123 filing file VERB cblr-1746 458 124 a a DET cblr-1746 458 125 class class NOUN cblr-1746 458 126 action action NOUN cblr-1746 458 127 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 458 128 the the DET cblr-1746 458 129 class class NOUN cblr-1746 458 130 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 458 131 assume assume VERB cblr-1746 458 132 responsibilities responsibility NOUN cblr-1746 458 133 to to ADP cblr-1746 458 134 members member NOUN cblr-1746 458 135 of of ADP cblr-1746 458 136 the the DET cblr-1746 458 137 class class NOUN cblr-1746 458 138 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 458 139 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 458 140 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 458 141 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 459 1 116 116 NUM cblr-1746 459 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 459 3 beck beck PROPN cblr-1746 459 4 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 459 5 status status PROPN cblr-1746 459 6 game game PROPN cblr-1746 459 7 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 459 8 . . PROPN cblr-1746 459 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 459 10 1995 1995 NUM cblr-1746 459 11 wl wl NOUN cblr-1746 459 12 422067 422067 NUM cblr-1746 459 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 459 14 at at ADP cblr-1746 459 15 * * NUM cblr-1746 459 16 6 6 NUM cblr-1746 459 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 459 18 s.d.n.y s.d.n.y PROPN cblr-1746 459 19 . . PROPN cblr-1746 459 20 july july PROPN cblr-1746 459 21 14 14 NUM cblr-1746 459 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 459 23 1995 1995 NUM cblr-1746 459 24 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 459 25 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 459 26 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 459 27 [ [ X cblr-1746 459 28 a a X cblr-1746 459 29 ] ] X cblr-1746 459 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 459 31 is be AUX cblr-1746 459 32 entitled entitle VERB cblr-1746 459 33 to to ADP cblr-1746 459 34 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 459 35 an an DET cblr-1746 459 36 adequate adequate ADJ cblr-1746 459 37 representative representative NOUN cblr-1746 459 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 459 39 one one NUM cblr-1746 459 40 who who PRON cblr-1746 459 41 will will AUX cblr-1746 459 42 check check VERB cblr-1746 459 43 the the DET cblr-1746 459 44 otherwise otherwise ADV cblr-1746 459 45 unfettered unfettered ADJ cblr-1746 459 46 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 459 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 459 48 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 459 49 in in ADP cblr-1746 459 50 prosecuting prosecute VERB cblr-1746 459 51 the the DET cblr-1746 459 52 suit suit NOUN cblr-1746 459 53 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 459 54 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 459 55 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 460 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 460 2 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 460 3 weisman weisman PROPN cblr-1746 460 4 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 460 5 darneille darneille PROPN cblr-1746 460 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 460 7 78 78 NUM cblr-1746 460 8 f.r.d f.r.d NOUN cblr-1746 460 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 460 10 669 669 NUM cblr-1746 460 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 460 12 671 671 NUM cblr-1746 460 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 460 14 s.d.n.y s.d.n.y PROPN cblr-1746 460 15 . . PROPN cblr-1746 460 16 1978 1978 NUM cblr-1746 460 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 460 18 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 460 19 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 460 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 461 1 117 117 NUM cblr-1746 461 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 461 3 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 461 4 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 461 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 461 6 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 461 7 note note NOUN cblr-1746 461 8 115 115 NUM cblr-1746 461 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 461 10 § § PROPN cblr-1746 461 11 4:27 4:27 NUM cblr-1746 461 12 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 461 13 see see VERB cblr-1746 461 14 also also ADV cblr-1746 461 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 461 16 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 461 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 461 18 beck beck NOUN cblr-1746 461 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 461 20 1995 1995 NUM cblr-1746 461 21 wl wl NOUN cblr-1746 461 22 422067 422067 NUM cblr-1746 461 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 461 24 at at ADP cblr-1746 461 25 * * NOUN cblr-1746 461 26 4 4 NUM cblr-1746 461 27 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 461 28 holding hold VERB cblr-1746 461 29 that that DET cblr-1746 461 30 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 461 31 requires require VERB cblr-1746 461 32 more more ADJ cblr-1746 461 33 from from ADP cblr-1746 461 34 the the DET cblr-1746 461 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 461 36 representative representative NOUN cblr-1746 461 37 than than ADP cblr-1746 461 38 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 461 39 simply simply ADV cblr-1746 461 40 lending lend VERB cblr-1746 461 41 his his PRON cblr-1746 461 42 name name NOUN cblr-1746 461 43 to to ADP cblr-1746 461 44 a a DET cblr-1746 461 45 suit suit NOUN cblr-1746 461 46 controlled control VERB cblr-1746 461 47 entirely entirely ADV cblr-1746 461 48 by by ADP cblr-1746 461 49 the the DET cblr-1746 461 50 class class NOUN cblr-1746 461 51 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 461 52 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 461 53 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 461 54 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 462 1 118 118 NUM cblr-1746 462 2 this this PRON cblr-1746 462 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 462 4 not not PART cblr-1746 462 5 a a DET cblr-1746 462 6 fanciful fanciful ADJ cblr-1746 462 7 proposal proposal NOUN cblr-1746 462 8 unfamiliar unfamiliar ADJ cblr-1746 462 9 to to ADP cblr-1746 462 10 these these DET cblr-1746 462 11 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 462 12 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 462 13 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 462 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 463 1 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 463 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 463 3 the the DET cblr-1746 463 4 private private ADJ cblr-1746 463 5 securities security NOUN cblr-1746 463 6 litigation litigation PROPN cblr-1746 463 7 reform reform PROPN cblr-1746 463 8 act act PROPN cblr-1746 463 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 463 10 1995 1995 NUM cblr-1746 463 11 requires require VERB cblr-1746 463 12 representative representative ADJ cblr-1746 463 13 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 463 14 to to PART cblr-1746 463 15 not not PART cblr-1746 463 16 only only ADV cblr-1746 463 17 monitor monitor VERB cblr-1746 463 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 463 19 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 463 20 also also ADV cblr-1746 463 21 select select ADJ cblr-1746 463 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 463 23 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 463 24 in in ADP cblr-1746 463 25 securities security NOUN cblr-1746 463 26 class class NOUN cblr-1746 463 27 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 463 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 464 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 464 2 15 15 NUM cblr-1746 464 3 u.s.c u.s.c ADJ cblr-1746 464 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 465 1 § § PROPN cblr-1746 465 2 77z-1(a)(3)(b)(v 77z-1(a)(3)(b)(v PROPN cblr-1746 465 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 465 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 465 5 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 465 6 selection selection NOUN cblr-1746 465 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 465 8 lead lead ADJ cblr-1746 465 9 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 465 10 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 465 11 the the DET cblr-1746 465 12 most most ADV cblr-1746 465 13 adequate adequate ADJ cblr-1746 465 14 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 465 15 shall shall AUX cblr-1746 465 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 465 17 subject subject ADJ cblr-1746 465 18 to to ADP cblr-1746 465 19 the the DET cblr-1746 465 20 approval approval NOUN cblr-1746 465 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 465 22 the the DET cblr-1746 465 23 court court NOUN cblr-1746 465 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 465 25 select select VERB cblr-1746 465 26 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 465 27 retain retain VERB cblr-1746 465 28 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 465 29 to to PART cblr-1746 465 30 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 465 31 the the DET cblr-1746 465 32 class class NOUN cblr-1746 465 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 465 34 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 465 35 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 465 36 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 465 37 see see VERB cblr-1746 465 38 also also ADV cblr-1746 465 39 5 5 NUM cblr-1746 465 40 james james PROPN cblr-1746 465 41 wm wm PROPN cblr-1746 465 42 . . PROPN cblr-1746 465 43 moore moore PROPN cblr-1746 465 44 et et PROPN cblr-1746 465 45 al al PROPN cblr-1746 465 46 . . PROPN cblr-1746 465 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 465 48 moore moore PROPN cblr-1746 465 49 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 465 50 federal federal ADJ cblr-1746 465 51 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 465 52 § § PROPN cblr-1746 465 53 23.192 23.192 NUM cblr-1746 465 54 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 465 55 3d 3d NUM cblr-1746 465 56 ed ed NOUN cblr-1746 465 57 . . PROPN cblr-1746 465 58 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 465 59 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 465 60 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 465 61 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 465 62 the the DET cblr-1746 465 63 most most ADV cblr-1746 465 64 adequate adequate ADJ cblr-1746 465 65 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 465 66 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 465 67 whom whom PRON cblr-1746 465 68 the the DET cblr-1746 465 69 court court NOUN cblr-1746 465 70 must must AUX cblr-1746 465 71 appoint appoint VERB cblr-1746 465 72 as as ADP cblr-1746 465 73 lead lead NOUN cblr-1746 465 74 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 465 75 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 465 76 must must AUX cblr-1746 465 77 select select VERB cblr-1746 465 78 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 465 79 retain retain VERB cblr-1746 465 80 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 465 81 to to PART cblr-1746 465 82 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 465 83 the the DET cblr-1746 465 84 class class NOUN cblr-1746 465 85 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 465 86 subject subject ADJ cblr-1746 465 87 to to ADP cblr-1746 465 88 the the DET cblr-1746 465 89 approval approval NOUN cblr-1746 465 90 of of ADP cblr-1746 465 91 the the DET cblr-1746 465 92 court court NOUN cblr-1746 465 93 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 465 94 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 465 95 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 465 96 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 466 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 466 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 466 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 466 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 466 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 467 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 467 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 467 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 467 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 467 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 467 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 467 7 771 771 NUM cblr-1746 467 8 demonstrate demonstrate VERB cblr-1746 467 9 active active ADJ cblr-1746 467 10 involvement involvement NOUN cblr-1746 467 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 467 12 the the DET cblr-1746 467 13 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 467 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 467 15 establish establish VERB cblr-1746 467 16 a a DET cblr-1746 467 17 thorough thorough ADJ cblr-1746 467 18 understanding understanding NOUN cblr-1746 467 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 467 20 the the DET cblr-1746 467 21 legal legal ADJ cblr-1746 467 22 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 467 23 underlying underlie VERB cblr-1746 467 24 the the DET cblr-1746 467 25 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 467 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 467 27 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 467 28 exercise exercise VERB cblr-1746 467 29 careful careful ADJ cblr-1746 467 30 supervision supervision NOUN cblr-1746 467 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 467 32 class class NOUN cblr-1746 467 33 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 467 34 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 467 35 behavior.119 behavior.119 PROPN cblr-1746 467 36 b. b. PROPN cblr-1746 467 37 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 467 38 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 467 39 selecting select VERB cblr-1746 467 40 a a DET cblr-1746 467 41 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 467 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 467 43 this this DET cblr-1746 467 44 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 467 45 the the DET cblr-1746 467 46 choice choice NOUN cblr-1746 467 47 between between ADP cblr-1746 467 48 frameworks framework NOUN cblr-1746 467 49 matters matter NOUN cblr-1746 467 50 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 467 51 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 467 52 informs inform VERB cblr-1746 467 53 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 467 54 guides guide VERB cblr-1746 467 55 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 467 56 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 468 1 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 468 2 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 468 3 recognized recognize VERB cblr-1746 468 4 as as ADV cblr-1746 468 5 much much ADV cblr-1746 468 6 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 468 7 he he PRON cblr-1746 468 8 lamented lament VERB cblr-1746 468 9 the the DET cblr-1746 468 10 then then ADV cblr-1746 468 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 468 12 dominance dominance NOUN cblr-1746 468 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 468 14 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 468 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 468 16 the the DET cblr-1746 468 17 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 468 18 that that PRON cblr-1746 468 19 exclusively exclusively ADV cblr-1746 468 20 sought seek VERB cblr-1746 468 21 out out ADP cblr-1746 468 22 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 468 23 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 468 24 demanded demand VERB cblr-1746 468 25 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 468 26 in in ADP cblr-1746 468 27 turn turn NOUN cblr-1746 468 28 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 468 29 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 468 30 one one NUM cblr-1746 468 31 important important ADJ cblr-1746 468 32 result result NOUN cblr-1746 468 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 468 34 this this DET cblr-1746 468 35 preoccupation preoccupation NOUN cblr-1746 468 36 with with ADP cblr-1746 468 37 the the DET cblr-1746 468 38 monopoly monopoly NOUN cblr-1746 468 39 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 468 40 is be AUX cblr-1746 468 41 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 468 42 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 468 43 an an DET cblr-1746 468 44 economist economist NOUN cblr-1746 468 45 finds find VERB cblr-1746 468 46 something something PRON cblr-1746 468 47 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 468 48 a a DET cblr-1746 468 49 business business NOUN cblr-1746 468 50 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 468 51 of of ADP cblr-1746 468 52 one one NUM cblr-1746 468 53 sort sort NOUN cblr-1746 468 54 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 468 55 other other ADJ cblr-1746 468 56 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 468 57 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 468 58 he he PRON cblr-1746 468 59 does do AUX cblr-1746 468 60 not not PART cblr-1746 468 61 understand understand VERB cblr-1746 468 62 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 468 63 he he PRON cblr-1746 468 64 looks look VERB cblr-1746 468 65 for for ADP cblr-1746 468 66 a a DET cblr-1746 468 67 monopoly monopoly NOUN cblr-1746 468 68 explanation explanation NOUN cblr-1746 468 69 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 469 1 ”120 ”120 PROPN cblr-1746 469 2 armed arm VERB cblr-1746 469 3 with with ADP cblr-1746 469 4 only only ADV cblr-1746 469 5 a a DET cblr-1746 469 6 hammer hammer NOUN cblr-1746 469 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 469 8 everything everything PRON cblr-1746 469 9 looks look VERB cblr-1746 469 10 like like ADP cblr-1746 469 11 a a DET cblr-1746 469 12 nail.121 nail.121 NUM cblr-1746 469 13 simply simply ADV cblr-1746 469 14 acknowledging acknowledge VERB cblr-1746 469 15 the the DET cblr-1746 469 16 parallels parallel NOUN cblr-1746 469 17 between between ADP cblr-1746 469 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 469 19 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 469 20 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 469 21 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 469 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 469 23 a a DET cblr-1746 469 24 frequent frequent ADJ cblr-1746 469 25 observation observation NOUN cblr-1746 469 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 469 27 is be AUX cblr-1746 469 28 insufficient insufficient ADJ cblr-1746 469 29 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 469 30 one one PRON cblr-1746 469 31 must must AUX cblr-1746 469 32 adopt adopt VERB cblr-1746 469 33 a a DET cblr-1746 469 34 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 469 35 of of ADP cblr-1746 469 36 this this DET cblr-1746 469 37 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 469 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 470 1 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 470 2 the the DET cblr-1746 470 3 dominant dominant ADJ cblr-1746 470 4 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 470 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 470 6 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 470 7 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 470 8 itself itself PRON cblr-1746 470 9 rests rest VERB cblr-1746 470 10 on on ADP cblr-1746 470 11 an an DET cblr-1746 470 12 unstated unstated ADJ cblr-1746 470 13 likeness likeness NOUN cblr-1746 470 14 between between ADP cblr-1746 470 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 470 16 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 470 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 470 18 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 470 19 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 470 20 the the DET cblr-1746 470 21 separation separation NOUN cblr-1746 470 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 470 23 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 470 24 from from ADP cblr-1746 470 25 management management NOUN cblr-1746 470 26 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 470 27 it it PRON cblr-1746 470 28 finds find VERB cblr-1746 470 29 its its PRON cblr-1746 470 30 reflection reflection NOUN cblr-1746 470 31 in in ADP cblr-1746 470 32 the the DET cblr-1746 470 33 very very ADJ cblr-1746 470 34 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 470 35 that that PRON cblr-1746 470 36 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 470 37 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 470 38 critiqued critique VERB cblr-1746 470 39 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 470 40 myopically myopically ADV cblr-1746 470 41 focused focus VERB cblr-1746 470 42 on on ADP cblr-1746 470 43 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 470 44 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 470 45 managerialism.122 managerialism.122 PROPN cblr-1746 470 46 119 119 NUM cblr-1746 470 47 see see VERB cblr-1746 470 48 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 470 49 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 470 50 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 470 51 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 470 52 note note NOUN cblr-1746 470 53 115 115 NUM cblr-1746 470 54 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 470 55 § § PROPN cblr-1746 470 56 4:29 4:29 NUM cblr-1746 470 57 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 471 1 120 120 NUM cblr-1746 471 2 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 471 3 h. h. PROPN cblr-1746 471 4 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 471 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 471 6 industrial industrial ADJ cblr-1746 471 7 organization organization NOUN cblr-1746 471 8 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 471 9 a a DET cblr-1746 471 10 proposal proposal NOUN cblr-1746 471 11 for for ADP cblr-1746 471 12 research research NOUN cblr-1746 471 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 471 14 in in ADP cblr-1746 471 15 the the DET cblr-1746 471 16 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 471 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 471 18 the the DET cblr-1746 471 19 market market NOUN cblr-1746 471 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 471 21 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 471 22 the the DET cblr-1746 471 23 law law NOUN cblr-1746 471 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 471 25 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 471 26 note note NOUN cblr-1746 471 27 93 93 NUM cblr-1746 471 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 471 29 at at ADP cblr-1746 471 30 57 57 NUM cblr-1746 471 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 471 32 67 67 NUM cblr-1746 471 33 . . NOUN cblr-1746 471 34 121 121 NUM cblr-1746 471 35 see see VERB cblr-1746 471 36 i i PRON cblr-1746 471 37 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 471 38 at at ADP cblr-1746 471 39 68 68 NUM cblr-1746 471 40 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 471 41 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 471 42 this this PRON cblr-1746 471 43 is be AUX cblr-1746 471 44 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 471 45 i i PRON cblr-1746 471 46 think think VERB cblr-1746 471 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 471 48 a a DET cblr-1746 471 49 common common ADJ cblr-1746 471 50 situation situation NOUN cblr-1746 471 51 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 472 1 there there PRON cblr-1746 472 2 is be VERB cblr-1746 472 3 some some DET cblr-1746 472 4 unusual unusual ADJ cblr-1746 472 5 feature feature NOUN cblr-1746 472 6 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 472 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 472 8 this this DET cblr-1746 472 9 case case NOUN cblr-1746 472 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 472 11 large large ADJ cblr-1746 472 12 discounts discount NOUN cblr-1746 472 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 473 1 the the DET cblr-1746 473 2 conclusion conclusion NOUN cblr-1746 473 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 473 4 immediately immediately ADV cblr-1746 473 5 drawn draw VERB cblr-1746 473 6 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 473 7 monopoly monopoly NOUN cblr-1746 473 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 474 1 what what PRON cblr-1746 474 2 people people NOUN cblr-1746 474 3 do do AUX cblr-1746 474 4 not not PART cblr-1746 474 5 normally normally ADV cblr-1746 474 6 do do AUX cblr-1746 474 7 is be AUX cblr-1746 474 8 inquire inquire VERB cblr-1746 474 9 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 474 10 it it PRON cblr-1746 474 11 may may AUX cblr-1746 474 12 not not PART cblr-1746 474 13 be be AUX cblr-1746 474 14 the the DET cblr-1746 474 15 case case NOUN cblr-1746 474 16 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 474 17 the the DET cblr-1746 474 18 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 474 19 in in ADP cblr-1746 474 20 question question NOUN cblr-1746 474 21 is be AUX cblr-1746 474 22 a a DET cblr-1746 474 23 necessary necessary ADJ cblr-1746 474 24 element element NOUN cblr-1746 474 25 in in ADP cblr-1746 474 26 bringing bring VERB cblr-1746 474 27 about about ADP cblr-1746 474 28 a a DET cblr-1746 474 29 competitive competitive ADJ cblr-1746 474 30 situation situation NOUN cblr-1746 474 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 474 32 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 474 33 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 474 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 475 1 122 122 NUM cblr-1746 475 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 475 3 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 475 4 michael michael PROPN cblr-1746 475 5 c. c. PROPN cblr-1746 475 6 jensen jensen PROPN cblr-1746 475 7 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 475 8 william william PROPN cblr-1746 475 9 h. h. PROPN cblr-1746 475 10 meckling meckling PROPN cblr-1746 475 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 475 12 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 475 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 475 14 the the DET cblr-1746 475 15 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 475 16 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 475 17 managerial managerial ADJ cblr-1746 475 18 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 475 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 475 20 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 475 21 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 475 22 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 475 23 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 475 24 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 475 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 475 26 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 475 27 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 475 28 fin fin PROPN cblr-1746 475 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 475 30 econ econ PROPN cblr-1746 475 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 476 1 305 305 NUM cblr-1746 476 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 476 3 1976 1976 NUM cblr-1746 476 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 476 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 477 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 477 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 477 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 477 4 772 772 NUM cblr-1746 477 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 477 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 477 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 477 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 478 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 478 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 478 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 478 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 478 5 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 478 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 478 7 managerialism managerialism VERB cblr-1746 478 8 the the DET cblr-1746 478 9 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 478 10 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 478 11 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 478 12 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 478 13 roughly roughly ADV cblr-1746 478 14 maps map VERB cblr-1746 478 15 onto onto ADP cblr-1746 478 16 the the DET cblr-1746 478 17 managerial managerial ADJ cblr-1746 478 18 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 478 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 478 20 the the DET cblr-1746 478 21 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 478 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 478 23 which which PRON cblr-1746 478 24 centers center VERB cblr-1746 478 25 on on ADP cblr-1746 478 26 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 478 27 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 478 28 management management NOUN cblr-1746 478 29 groups group NOUN cblr-1746 478 30 at at ADP cblr-1746 478 31 the the DET cblr-1746 478 32 large large ADJ cblr-1746 478 33 corporation corporation NOUN cblr-1746 478 34 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 478 35 strategic strategic ADJ cblr-1746 478 36 center center NOUN cblr-1746 478 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 478 38 ”123 ”123 PUNCT cblr-1746 479 1 according accord VERB cblr-1746 479 2 to to ADP cblr-1746 479 3 this this DET cblr-1746 479 4 view view NOUN cblr-1746 479 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 479 6 the the DET cblr-1746 479 7 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 479 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 479 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 479 10 management management NOUN cblr-1746 479 11 determine[s determine[s NOUN cblr-1746 479 12 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 479 13 the the DET cblr-1746 479 14 processes process NOUN cblr-1746 479 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 479 16 production production NOUN cblr-1746 479 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 479 18 distribution distribution NOUN cblr-1746 479 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 479 20 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 479 21 giving give VERB cblr-1746 479 22 rise rise NOUN cblr-1746 479 23 to to ADP cblr-1746 479 24 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 479 25 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 479 26 costs.124 costs.124 PROPN cblr-1746 479 27 the the DET cblr-1746 479 28 normative normative ADJ cblr-1746 479 29 entailments entailment NOUN cblr-1746 479 30 that that PRON cblr-1746 479 31 follow follow VERB cblr-1746 479 32 sound sound NOUN cblr-1746 479 33 in in ADP cblr-1746 479 34 a a DET cblr-1746 479 35 regulatory regulatory ADJ cblr-1746 479 36 key key NOUN cblr-1746 479 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 480 1 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 480 2 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 480 3 managers manager NOUN cblr-1746 480 4 enjoy enjoy VERB cblr-1746 480 5 too too ADV cblr-1746 480 6 much much ADJ cblr-1746 480 7 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 480 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 480 9 especially especially ADV cblr-1746 480 10 with with ADP cblr-1746 480 11 respect respect NOUN cblr-1746 480 12 to to ADP cblr-1746 480 13 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 480 14 regarding regard VERB cblr-1746 480 15 investments investment NOUN cblr-1746 480 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 480 17 the the DET cblr-1746 480 18 distribution distribution NOUN cblr-1746 480 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 480 20 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 480 21 profits profit NOUN cblr-1746 480 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 480 23 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 480 24 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 480 25 must must AUX cblr-1746 480 26 be be AUX cblr-1746 480 27 closely closely ADV cblr-1746 480 28 monitored monitor VERB cblr-1746 480 29 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 480 30 aggressively aggressively ADV cblr-1746 480 31 regulated.125 regulated.125 NOUN cblr-1746 480 32 like like ADP cblr-1746 480 33 its its PRON cblr-1746 480 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 480 35 action action NOUN cblr-1746 480 36 counterpart counterpart NOUN cblr-1746 480 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 480 38 managerialism managerialism NOUN cblr-1746 480 39 makes make VERB cblr-1746 480 40 little little ADJ cblr-1746 480 41 effort effort NOUN cblr-1746 480 42 to to PART cblr-1746 480 43 distinguish distinguish VERB cblr-1746 480 44 between between ADP cblr-1746 480 45 potential potential ADJ cblr-1746 480 46 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 480 47 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 480 48 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 480 49 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 480 50 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 480 51 the the DET cblr-1746 480 52 differing differ VERB cblr-1746 480 53 probabilities probability NOUN cblr-1746 480 54 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 480 55 magnitudes magnitude NOUN cblr-1746 480 56 of of ADP cblr-1746 480 57 those those DET cblr-1746 480 58 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 480 59 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 480 60 respective respective ADJ cblr-1746 480 61 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 480 62 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 480 63 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 481 1 instead instead ADV cblr-1746 481 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 481 3 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 481 4 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 481 5 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 481 6 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 481 7 inherent inherent ADJ cblr-1746 481 8 to to ADP cblr-1746 481 9 the the DET cblr-1746 481 10 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 481 11 give give VERB cblr-1746 481 12 rise rise NOUN cblr-1746 481 13 to to ADP cblr-1746 481 14 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 481 15 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 481 16 that that PRON cblr-1746 481 17 demand demand VERB cblr-1746 481 18 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 481 19 in in ADP cblr-1746 481 20 nearly nearly ADV cblr-1746 481 21 all all PRON cblr-1746 481 22 instances instance NOUN cblr-1746 481 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 482 1 both both CCONJ cblr-1746 482 2 the the DET cblr-1746 482 3 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 482 4 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 482 5 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 482 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 482 7 managerial managerial ADJ cblr-1746 482 8 frameworks framework NOUN cblr-1746 482 9 ultimately ultimately ADV cblr-1746 482 10 advise advise VERB cblr-1746 482 11 against against ADP cblr-1746 482 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 482 13 centralizing centralize VERB cblr-1746 482 14 economic economic ADJ cblr-1746 482 15 activity activity NOUN cblr-1746 482 16 within within ADP cblr-1746 482 17 a a DET cblr-1746 482 18 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 482 19 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 482 20 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 482 21 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 482 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 482 23 action).126 action).126 PROPN cblr-1746 482 24 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 482 25 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 482 26 [ [ X cblr-1746 482 27 l]arge l]arge NOUN cblr-1746 482 28 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 482 29 complicated complicated ADJ cblr-1746 482 30 corporations corporation NOUN cblr-1746 482 31 harbor harbor VERB cblr-1746 482 32 plenty plenty NOUN cblr-1746 482 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 482 34 dark dark ADJ cblr-1746 482 35 corners corner NOUN cblr-1746 482 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 482 37 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 482 38 managers manager NOUN cblr-1746 482 39 have have VERB cblr-1746 482 40 incentives incentive NOUN cblr-1746 482 41 to to PART cblr-1746 482 42 use use VERB cblr-1746 482 43 this this DET cblr-1746 482 44 information information NOUN cblr-1746 482 45 asymmetry asymmetry NOUN cblr-1746 482 46 to to PART cblr-1746 482 47 take take VERB cblr-1746 482 48 advantage advantage NOUN cblr-1746 482 49 of of ADP cblr-1746 482 50 equity equity NOUN cblr-1746 482 51 owners owner NOUN cblr-1746 482 52 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 482 53 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 482 54 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 482 55 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 482 56 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 482 57 can can AUX cblr-1746 482 58 conceivably conceivably ADV cblr-1746 482 59 be be AUX cblr-1746 482 60 reduced reduce VERB cblr-1746 482 61 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 482 62 the the DET cblr-1746 482 63 same same ADJ cblr-1746 482 64 assets asset NOUN cblr-1746 482 65 are be AUX cblr-1746 482 66 divided divide VERB cblr-1746 482 67 into into ADP cblr-1746 482 68 many many ADJ cblr-1746 482 69 discrete discrete ADJ cblr-1746 482 70 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 482 71 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 482 72 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 482 73 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 482 74 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 482 75 in in ADP cblr-1746 482 76 this this DET cblr-1746 482 77 context context NOUN cblr-1746 482 78 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 482 79 lawsuits).127 lawsuits).127 NOUN cblr-1746 482 80 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 482 81 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 482 82 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 482 83 in in ADP cblr-1746 482 84 the the DET cblr-1746 482 85 nature nature NOUN cblr-1746 482 86 of of ADP cblr-1746 482 87 the the DET cblr-1746 482 88 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 482 89 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 482 90 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 482 91 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 482 92 theorized theorize VERB cblr-1746 482 93 the the DET cblr-1746 482 94 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 482 95 as as ADP cblr-1746 482 96 a a DET cblr-1746 482 97 quasi quasi ADJ cblr-1746 482 98 - - ADJ cblr-1746 482 99 organic organic ADJ cblr-1746 482 100 entity entity NOUN cblr-1746 482 101 that that PRON cblr-1746 482 102 naturally naturally ADV cblr-1746 482 103 swells swell VERB cblr-1746 482 104 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 482 105 123 123 NUM cblr-1746 482 106 bratton bratton PROPN cblr-1746 482 107 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 482 108 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 482 109 note note PROPN cblr-1746 482 110 82 82 NUM cblr-1746 482 111 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 482 112 at at ADP cblr-1746 482 113 1476 1476 NUM cblr-1746 482 114 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 483 1 124 124 NUM cblr-1746 484 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 484 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 484 3 125 125 NUM cblr-1746 484 4 manuel manuel PROPN cblr-1746 484 5 a. a. NOUN cblr-1746 484 6 utset utset NOUN cblr-1746 484 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 484 8 towards towards ADP cblr-1746 484 9 a a DET cblr-1746 484 10 bargaining bargaining NOUN cblr-1746 484 11 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 484 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 484 13 the the DET cblr-1746 484 14 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 484 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 484 16 80 80 NUM cblr-1746 484 17 cornell cornell PROPN cblr-1746 484 18 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 484 19 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 484 20 . . PROPN cblr-1746 484 21 540 540 NUM cblr-1746 484 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 484 23 542 542 NUM cblr-1746 484 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 484 25 1995 1995 NUM cblr-1746 484 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 484 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 485 1 126 126 NUM cblr-1746 485 2 geis geis NOUN cblr-1746 485 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 485 4 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 485 5 note note VERB cblr-1746 485 6 92 92 NUM cblr-1746 485 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 485 8 at at ADP cblr-1746 485 9 112 112 NUM cblr-1746 485 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 486 1 127 127 NUM cblr-1746 486 2 i i PROPN cblr-1746 486 3 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 486 4 parkinson parkinson PROPN cblr-1746 486 5 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 486 6 final final ADJ cblr-1746 486 7 no no NOUN cblr-1746 486 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 487 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 487 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 487 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 487 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 487 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 487 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 487 7 773 773 NUM cblr-1746 487 8 contracts contract NOUN cblr-1746 487 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 487 10 its its PRON cblr-1746 487 11 own own ADJ cblr-1746 487 12 accord accord NOUN cblr-1746 487 13 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 487 14 often often ADV cblr-1746 487 15 without without ADP cblr-1746 487 16 regulatory regulatory ADJ cblr-1746 487 17 intervention intervention NOUN cblr-1746 487 18 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 487 19 depending depend VERB cblr-1746 487 20 on on ADP cblr-1746 487 21 the the DET cblr-1746 487 22 relative relative ADJ cblr-1746 487 23 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 487 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 487 25 organizing organize VERB cblr-1746 487 26 within within ADP cblr-1746 487 27 the the DET cblr-1746 487 28 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 487 29 versus versus ADP cblr-1746 487 30 contracting contracting NOUN cblr-1746 487 31 in in ADP cblr-1746 487 32 the the DET cblr-1746 487 33 market.128 market.128 NOUN cblr-1746 487 34 within within ADP cblr-1746 487 35 the the DET cblr-1746 487 36 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 487 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 487 38 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 487 39 market market NOUN cblr-1746 487 40 transactions transaction NOUN cblr-1746 487 41 are be AUX cblr-1746 487 42 eliminated eliminate VERB cblr-1746 487 43 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 487 44 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 487 45 in in ADP cblr-1746 487 46 place place NOUN cblr-1746 487 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 487 48 the the DET cblr-1746 487 49 complicated complicated ADJ cblr-1746 487 50 market market NOUN cblr-1746 487 51 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 487 52 with with ADP cblr-1746 487 53 exchange exchange NOUN cblr-1746 487 54 transactions transaction NOUN cblr-1746 487 55 is be AUX cblr-1746 487 56 substituted substitute VERB cblr-1746 487 57 the the DET cblr-1746 487 58 entrepreneur entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 487 59 coordinator coordinator NOUN cblr-1746 487 60 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 487 61 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 487 62 who who PRON cblr-1746 487 63 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 487 64 plays play VERB cblr-1746 487 65 his his PRON cblr-1746 487 66 part part NOUN cblr-1746 487 67 as as ADP cblr-1746 487 68 a a DET cblr-1746 487 69 single single ADJ cblr-1746 487 70 cell cell NOUN cblr-1746 487 71 in in ADP cblr-1746 487 72 a a DET cblr-1746 487 73 larger large ADJ cblr-1746 487 74 organism organism NOUN cblr-1746 487 75 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 488 1 ”129 ”129 PROPN cblr-1746 488 2 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 488 3 was be AUX cblr-1746 488 4 particularly particularly ADV cblr-1746 488 5 interested interested ADJ cblr-1746 488 6 in in ADP cblr-1746 488 7 ascertaining ascertain VERB cblr-1746 488 8 what what PRON cblr-1746 488 9 dictates dictate VERB cblr-1746 488 10 the the DET cblr-1746 488 11 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 488 12 size size NOUN cblr-1746 488 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 488 14 a a DET cblr-1746 488 15 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 488 16 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 488 17 the the DET cblr-1746 488 18 inputs input NOUN cblr-1746 488 19 that that PRON cblr-1746 488 20 determine determine VERB cblr-1746 488 21 the the DET cblr-1746 488 22 external external ADJ cblr-1746 488 23 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 488 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 488 25 a a DET cblr-1746 488 26 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 488 27 that that PRON cblr-1746 488 28 faces face VERB cblr-1746 488 29 a a DET cblr-1746 488 30 make make VERB cblr-1746 488 31 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 488 32 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 488 33 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 488 34 buy buy VERB cblr-1746 488 35 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 488 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 489 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 489 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 489 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 489 4 a a DET cblr-1746 489 5 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 489 6 that that PRON cblr-1746 489 7 produces produce VERB cblr-1746 489 8 widgets widget NOUN cblr-1746 489 9 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 489 10 made make VERB cblr-1746 489 11 from from ADP cblr-1746 489 12 bolts bolt NOUN cblr-1746 489 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 489 14 blocks block NOUN cblr-1746 489 15 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 489 16 must must AUX cblr-1746 489 17 decide decide VERB cblr-1746 489 18 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 489 19 to to PART cblr-1746 489 20 make make VERB cblr-1746 489 21 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 489 22 buy buy VERB cblr-1746 489 23 bolts bolt NOUN cblr-1746 489 24 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 489 25 blocks.130 blocks.130 NOUN cblr-1746 489 26 for for ADP cblr-1746 489 27 coase coase NOUN cblr-1746 489 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 489 29 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 489 30 to to PART cblr-1746 489 31 make make VERB cblr-1746 489 32 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 489 33 buy buy VERB cblr-1746 489 34 turns turn NOUN cblr-1746 489 35 on on ADP cblr-1746 489 36 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 489 37 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 489 38 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 489 39 the the DET cblr-1746 489 40 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 489 41 will will AUX cblr-1746 489 42 expand expand VERB cblr-1746 489 43 to to ADP cblr-1746 489 44 the the DET cblr-1746 489 45 point point NOUN cblr-1746 489 46 at at ADP cblr-1746 489 47 which which PRON cblr-1746 489 48 the the DET cblr-1746 489 49 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 489 50 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 489 51 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 489 52 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 489 53 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 489 54 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 489 55 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 489 56 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 489 57 of of ADP cblr-1746 489 58 expanding expand VERB cblr-1746 489 59 equal equal ADJ cblr-1746 489 60 the the DET cblr-1746 489 61 savings saving NOUN cblr-1746 489 62 from from ADP cblr-1746 489 63 avoiding avoid VERB cblr-1746 489 64 market market NOUN cblr-1746 489 65 transactions transaction NOUN cblr-1746 489 66 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 489 67 transaction transaction NOUN cblr-1746 489 68 costs).131 costs).131 PROPN cblr-1746 489 69 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 489 70 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 489 71 noted note VERB cblr-1746 489 72 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 489 73 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 489 74 no no DET cblr-1746 489 75 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 489 76 which which PRON cblr-1746 489 77 assumes assume VERB cblr-1746 489 78 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 489 79 only only ADV cblr-1746 489 80 one one NUM cblr-1746 489 81 product product NOUN cblr-1746 489 82 is be AUX cblr-1746 489 83 in in ADP cblr-1746 489 84 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 489 85 produced produce VERB cblr-1746 489 86 [ [ PUNCT cblr-1746 489 87 by by ADP cblr-1746 489 88 a a DET cblr-1746 489 89 single single ADJ cblr-1746 489 90 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 489 91 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 489 92 can can AUX cblr-1746 489 93 have have VERB cblr-1746 489 94 very very ADV cblr-1746 489 95 great great ADJ cblr-1746 489 96 practical practical ADJ cblr-1746 489 97 significance significance NOUN cblr-1746 489 98 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 490 1 ”132 ”132 NOUN cblr-1746 490 2 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 490 3 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 490 4 identified identify VERB cblr-1746 490 5 several several ADJ cblr-1746 490 6 natural natural ADJ cblr-1746 490 7 limits limit NOUN cblr-1746 490 8 to to ADP cblr-1746 490 9 this this DET cblr-1746 490 10 growth growth NOUN cblr-1746 490 11 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 490 12 factors factor NOUN cblr-1746 490 13 that that PRON cblr-1746 490 14 weigh weigh VERB cblr-1746 490 15 in in ADP cblr-1746 490 16 favor favor NOUN cblr-1746 490 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 490 18 the the DET cblr-1746 490 19 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 490 20 to to PART cblr-1746 490 21 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 490 22 buy buy VERB cblr-1746 490 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 490 24 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 490 25 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 490 26 than than SCONJ cblr-1746 490 27 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 490 28 make make VERB cblr-1746 490 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 490 30 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 491 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 491 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 491 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 491 4 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 491 5 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 491 6 a a DET cblr-1746 491 7 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 491 8 gets get VERB cblr-1746 491 9 larger large ADJ cblr-1746 491 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 491 11 there there PRON cblr-1746 491 12 may may AUX cblr-1746 491 13 be be AUX cblr-1746 491 14 decreasing decrease VERB cblr-1746 491 15 returns return NOUN cblr-1746 491 16 to to ADP cblr-1746 491 17 the the DET cblr-1746 491 18 entrepreneur entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 491 19 function function NOUN cblr-1746 491 20 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 491 21 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 491 22 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 491 23 a a DET cblr-1746 491 24 point point NOUN cblr-1746 491 25 must must AUX cblr-1746 491 26 be be AUX cblr-1746 491 27 reached reach VERB cblr-1746 491 28 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 491 29 the the DET cblr-1746 491 30 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 491 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 491 32 organizing organize VERB cblr-1746 491 33 an an DET cblr-1746 491 34 extra extra ADJ cblr-1746 491 35 transaction transaction NOUN cblr-1746 491 36 within within ADP cblr-1746 491 37 the the DET cblr-1746 491 38 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 491 39 are be AUX cblr-1746 491 40 equal equal ADJ cblr-1746 491 41 to to ADP cblr-1746 491 42 the the DET cblr-1746 491 43 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 491 44 involved involve VERB cblr-1746 491 45 in in ADP cblr-1746 491 46 carrying carry VERB cblr-1746 491 47 out out ADP cblr-1746 491 48 the the DET cblr-1746 491 49 transaction transaction NOUN cblr-1746 491 50 in in ADP cblr-1746 491 51 the the DET cblr-1746 491 52 128 128 NUM cblr-1746 491 53 see see NOUN cblr-1746 491 54 coase coase NOUN cblr-1746 491 55 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 491 56 the the DET cblr-1746 491 57 nature nature NOUN cblr-1746 491 58 of of ADP cblr-1746 491 59 the the DET cblr-1746 491 60 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 491 61 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 491 62 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 491 63 note note NOUN cblr-1746 491 64 93 93 NUM cblr-1746 491 65 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 491 66 at at ADP cblr-1746 491 67 37 37 NUM cblr-1746 491 68 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 492 1 129 129 NUM cblr-1746 493 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 493 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 493 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 493 4 35 35 NUM cblr-1746 493 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 493 6 37 37 NUM cblr-1746 493 7 . . NOUN cblr-1746 493 8 130 130 NUM cblr-1746 494 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 494 2 d. d. NOUN cblr-1746 494 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 494 4 52 52 NUM cblr-1746 494 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 494 6 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 494 7 [ [ X cblr-1746 494 8 t]here t]here NOUN cblr-1746 494 9 may may AUX cblr-1746 494 10 be be AUX cblr-1746 494 11 a a DET cblr-1746 494 12 point point NOUN cblr-1746 494 13 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 494 14 it it PRON cblr-1746 494 15 is be AUX cblr-1746 494 16 less less ADV cblr-1746 494 17 costly costly ADJ cblr-1746 494 18 to to PART cblr-1746 494 19 organize organize VERB cblr-1746 494 20 the the DET cblr-1746 494 21 exchange exchange NOUN cblr-1746 494 22 transactions transaction NOUN cblr-1746 494 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 494 24 a a DET cblr-1746 494 25 new new ADJ cblr-1746 494 26 product product NOUN cblr-1746 494 27 than than SCONJ cblr-1746 494 28 to to PART cblr-1746 494 29 organize organize VERB cblr-1746 494 30 further further ADJ cblr-1746 494 31 exchange exchange NOUN cblr-1746 494 32 transactions transaction NOUN cblr-1746 494 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 494 34 the the DET cblr-1746 494 35 old old ADJ cblr-1746 494 36 product product NOUN cblr-1746 494 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 494 38 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 494 39 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 494 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 495 1 131 131 NUM cblr-1746 495 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 495 3 i i PRON cblr-1746 495 4 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 495 5 at at ADP cblr-1746 495 6 42 42 NUM cblr-1746 495 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 495 8 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 495 9 a a DET cblr-1746 495 10 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 495 11 becomes become VERB cblr-1746 495 12 larger large ADJ cblr-1746 495 13 as as ADP cblr-1746 495 14 additional additional ADJ cblr-1746 495 15 transactions transaction NOUN cblr-1746 495 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 495 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 496 1 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 497 1 are be AUX cblr-1746 497 2 organized organize VERB cblr-1746 497 3 by by ADP cblr-1746 497 4 the the DET cblr-1746 497 5 entrepreneur entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 497 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 497 7 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 497 8 it it PRON cblr-1746 497 9 becomes become VERB cblr-1746 497 10 smaller small ADJ cblr-1746 497 11 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 497 12 he he PRON cblr-1746 497 13 abandons abandon VERB cblr-1746 497 14 the the DET cblr-1746 497 15 organization organization NOUN cblr-1746 497 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 497 17 such such ADJ cblr-1746 497 18 transactions transaction NOUN cblr-1746 497 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 498 1 the the DET cblr-1746 498 2 question question NOUN cblr-1746 498 3 which which PRON cblr-1746 498 4 arises arise VERB cblr-1746 498 5 is be AUX cblr-1746 498 6 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 498 7 it it PRON cblr-1746 498 8 is be AUX cblr-1746 498 9 possible possible ADJ cblr-1746 498 10 to to PART cblr-1746 498 11 study study VERB cblr-1746 498 12 the the DET cblr-1746 498 13 forces force NOUN cblr-1746 498 14 which which PRON cblr-1746 498 15 determine determine VERB cblr-1746 498 16 the the DET cblr-1746 498 17 size size NOUN cblr-1746 498 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 498 19 the the DET cblr-1746 498 20 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 498 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 499 1 why why SCONJ cblr-1746 499 2 does do AUX cblr-1746 499 3 the the DET cblr-1746 499 4 entrepreneur entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 499 5 not not PART cblr-1746 499 6 organize organize VERB cblr-1746 499 7 one one NUM cblr-1746 499 8 less less ADJ cblr-1746 499 9 transaction transaction NOUN cblr-1746 499 10 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 499 11 one one NUM cblr-1746 499 12 more more ADJ cblr-1746 499 13 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 499 14 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 499 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 499 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 500 1 132 132 NUM cblr-1746 500 2 i i PRON cblr-1746 500 3 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 500 4 at at ADP cblr-1746 500 5 52 52 NUM cblr-1746 500 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 501 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 501 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 501 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 501 4 774 774 NUM cblr-1746 501 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 501 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 501 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 501 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 502 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 502 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 502 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 502 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 502 5 open open ADJ cblr-1746 502 6 market market NOUN cblr-1746 502 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 503 1 ”133 ”133 VERB cblr-1746 503 2 market market NOUN cblr-1746 503 3 competition competition NOUN cblr-1746 503 4 also also ADV cblr-1746 503 5 plays play VERB cblr-1746 503 6 a a DET cblr-1746 503 7 role role NOUN cblr-1746 503 8 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 503 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 503 10 [ [ X cblr-1746 503 11 t]he t]he ADV cblr-1746 503 12 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 503 13 has have VERB cblr-1746 503 14 to to PART cblr-1746 503 15 carry carry VERB cblr-1746 503 16 out out ADP cblr-1746 503 17 its its PRON cblr-1746 503 18 task task NOUN cblr-1746 503 19 at at ADP cblr-1746 503 20 a a DET cblr-1746 503 21 lower low ADJ cblr-1746 503 22 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 503 23 than than ADP cblr-1746 503 24 the the DET cblr-1746 503 25 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 503 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 503 27 carrying carry VERB cblr-1746 503 28 out out ADP cblr-1746 503 29 the the DET cblr-1746 503 30 market market NOUN cblr-1746 503 31 transactions transaction NOUN cblr-1746 503 32 it it PRON cblr-1746 503 33 supersedes supersede VERB cblr-1746 503 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 503 35 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 503 36 it it PRON cblr-1746 503 37 is be AUX cblr-1746 503 38 always always ADV cblr-1746 503 39 possible possible ADJ cblr-1746 503 40 to to PART cblr-1746 503 41 revert revert VERB cblr-1746 503 42 to to ADP cblr-1746 503 43 the the DET cblr-1746 503 44 market market NOUN cblr-1746 503 45 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 503 46 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 503 47 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 503 48 some some DET cblr-1746 503 49 other other ADJ cblr-1746 503 50 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 503 51 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 503 52 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 503 53 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 504 1 can can AUX cblr-1746 504 2 take take VERB cblr-1746 504 3 over over ADP cblr-1746 504 4 the the DET cblr-1746 504 5 task task NOUN cblr-1746 504 6 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 504 7 its its PRON cblr-1746 504 8 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 504 9 are be AUX cblr-1746 504 10 lower low ADJ cblr-1746 504 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 504 12 ”134 ”134 PUNCT cblr-1746 504 13 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 504 14 previously previously ADV cblr-1746 504 15 noted note VERB cblr-1746 504 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 504 17 the the DET cblr-1746 504 18 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 504 19 external external ADJ cblr-1746 504 20 boundary boundary NOUN cblr-1746 504 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 504 22 a a DET cblr-1746 504 23 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 504 24 depends depend VERB cblr-1746 504 25 on on ADP cblr-1746 504 26 the the DET cblr-1746 504 27 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 504 28 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 504 29 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 504 30 benefits benefit NOUN cblr-1746 504 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 504 32 the the DET cblr-1746 504 33 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 504 34 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 504 35 efficiencies efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 504 36 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 504 37 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 504 38 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 504 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 504 40 respectively—“a respectively—“a VERB cblr-1746 504 41 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 504 42 will will AUX cblr-1746 504 43 tend tend VERB cblr-1746 504 44 to to PART cblr-1746 504 45 expand expand VERB cblr-1746 504 46 until until SCONJ cblr-1746 504 47 the the DET cblr-1746 504 48 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 504 49 of of ADP cblr-1746 504 50 organizing organize VERB cblr-1746 504 51 an an DET cblr-1746 504 52 extra extra ADJ cblr-1746 504 53 transaction transaction NOUN cblr-1746 504 54 within within ADP cblr-1746 504 55 the the DET cblr-1746 504 56 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 504 57 become become VERB cblr-1746 504 58 equal equal ADJ cblr-1746 504 59 to to ADP cblr-1746 504 60 the the DET cblr-1746 504 61 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 504 62 of of ADP cblr-1746 504 63 carrying carry VERB cblr-1746 504 64 out out ADP cblr-1746 504 65 the the DET cblr-1746 504 66 same same ADJ cblr-1746 504 67 transaction transaction NOUN cblr-1746 504 68 by by ADP cblr-1746 504 69 means mean NOUN cblr-1746 504 70 of of ADP cblr-1746 504 71 an an DET cblr-1746 504 72 exchange exchange NOUN cblr-1746 504 73 on on ADP cblr-1746 504 74 the the DET cblr-1746 504 75 open open ADJ cblr-1746 504 76 market market NOUN cblr-1746 504 77 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 504 78 the the DET cblr-1746 504 79 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 504 80 of of ADP cblr-1746 504 81 organizing organize VERB cblr-1746 504 82 in in ADP cblr-1746 504 83 another another DET cblr-1746 504 84 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 504 85 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 504 86 ”135 ”135 PUNCT cblr-1746 505 1 contra contra PROPN cblr-1746 505 2 the the DET cblr-1746 505 3 managerial managerial ADJ cblr-1746 505 4 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 505 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 505 6 a a DET cblr-1746 505 7 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 505 8 is be AUX cblr-1746 505 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 505 10 not not PART cblr-1746 505 11 necessarily necessarily ADV cblr-1746 505 12 a a DET cblr-1746 505 13 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN cblr-1746 505 14 in in ADP cblr-1746 505 15 which which DET cblr-1746 505 16 authority authority NOUN cblr-1746 505 17 determines determine VERB cblr-1746 505 18 terms term NOUN cblr-1746 505 19 by by ADP cblr-1746 505 20 fiat fiat NOUN cblr-1746 505 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 505 22 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 505 23 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 505 24 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 505 25 a a DET cblr-1746 505 26 system system NOUN cblr-1746 505 27 based base VERB cblr-1746 505 28 on on ADP cblr-1746 505 29 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 505 30 a a DET cblr-1746 505 31 continuous continuous ADJ cblr-1746 505 32 process process NOUN cblr-1746 505 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 505 34 negotiation negotiation NOUN cblr-1746 505 35 of of ADP cblr-1746 505 36 successive successive ADJ cblr-1746 505 37 contracts contract NOUN cblr-1746 505 38 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 505 39 guided guide VERB cblr-1746 505 40 by by ADP cblr-1746 505 41 market market NOUN cblr-1746 505 42 forces.136 forces.136 NOUN cblr-1746 505 43 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 505 44 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 505 45 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 505 46 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 505 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 505 48 the the DET cblr-1746 505 49 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 505 50 is be AUX cblr-1746 505 51 a a DET cblr-1746 505 52 superior superior ADJ cblr-1746 505 53 analytical analytical ADJ cblr-1746 505 54 guide guide NOUN cblr-1746 505 55 to to ADP cblr-1746 505 56 class class NOUN cblr-1746 505 57 action action NOUN cblr-1746 505 58 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 505 59 than than ADP cblr-1746 505 60 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 505 61 that that PRON cblr-1746 505 62 map map VERB cblr-1746 505 63 onto onto ADP cblr-1746 505 64 managerialism managerialism NOUN cblr-1746 505 65 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 506 1 to to PART cblr-1746 506 2 start start VERB cblr-1746 506 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 506 4 the the DET cblr-1746 506 5 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 506 6 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 506 7 is be AUX cblr-1746 506 8 a a DET cblr-1746 506 9 better well ADJ cblr-1746 506 10 fit fit NOUN cblr-1746 506 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 506 12 tracking track VERB cblr-1746 506 13 the the DET cblr-1746 506 14 roles role NOUN cblr-1746 506 15 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 506 16 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 506 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 506 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 506 19 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 506 20 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 506 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 506 22 members member NOUN cblr-1746 506 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 506 24 respectively respectively ADV cblr-1746 506 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 507 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 507 2 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 507 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 507 4 much much ADV cblr-1746 507 5 more more ADJ cblr-1746 507 6 than than ADP cblr-1746 507 7 a a DET cblr-1746 507 8 hired hire VERB cblr-1746 507 9 manager manager NOUN cblr-1746 507 10 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 507 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 507 12 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 507 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 507 14 one one NUM cblr-1746 507 15 tenet tenet NOUN cblr-1746 507 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 507 17 the the DET cblr-1746 507 18 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 507 19 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 507 20 is be AUX cblr-1746 507 21 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 507 22 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 507 23 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 507 24 arise arise VERB cblr-1746 507 25 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 507 26 class class NOUN cblr-1746 507 27 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 507 28 is be AUX cblr-1746 507 29 not not PART cblr-1746 507 30 hired hire VERB cblr-1746 507 31 ex ex PRON cblr-1746 507 32 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 507 33 by by ADP cblr-1746 507 34 the the DET cblr-1746 507 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 507 36 in in ADP cblr-1746 507 37 any any DET cblr-1746 507 38 traditional traditional ADJ cblr-1746 507 39 sense.137 sense.137 NOUN cblr-1746 507 40 instead instead ADV cblr-1746 507 41 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 507 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 507 43 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 507 44 is be AUX cblr-1746 507 45 an an DET cblr-1746 507 46 entrepreneurial entrepreneurial ADJ cblr-1746 507 47 133 133 NUM cblr-1746 507 48 i i PROPN cblr-1746 507 49 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 507 50 at at ADP cblr-1746 507 51 43 43 NUM cblr-1746 507 52 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 508 1 134 134 NUM cblr-1746 508 2 coase coase NOUN cblr-1746 508 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 508 4 industrial industrial ADJ cblr-1746 508 5 organization organization NOUN cblr-1746 508 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 508 7 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 508 8 note note NOUN cblr-1746 508 9 120 120 NUM cblr-1746 508 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 508 11 at at ADP cblr-1746 508 12 63 63 NUM cblr-1746 508 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 508 14 135 135 NUM cblr-1746 508 15 see see VERB cblr-1746 508 16 coase coase NOUN cblr-1746 508 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 508 18 the the DET cblr-1746 508 19 nature nature NOUN cblr-1746 508 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 508 21 the the DET cblr-1746 508 22 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 508 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 508 24 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 508 25 note note NOUN cblr-1746 508 26 93 93 NUM cblr-1746 508 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 508 28 at at ADP cblr-1746 508 29 44 44 NUM cblr-1746 508 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 508 31 136 136 NUM cblr-1746 508 32 bratton bratton PROPN cblr-1746 508 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 508 34 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 508 35 note note PROPN cblr-1746 508 36 82 82 NUM cblr-1746 508 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 508 38 at at ADP cblr-1746 508 39 1478 1478 NUM cblr-1746 508 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 508 41 137 137 NUM cblr-1746 508 42 see see VERB cblr-1746 508 43 alexandra alexandra PROPN cblr-1746 508 44 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 508 45 lahav lahav PROPN cblr-1746 508 46 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 508 47 two two NUM cblr-1746 508 48 views view NOUN cblr-1746 508 49 of of ADP cblr-1746 508 50 the the DET cblr-1746 508 51 class class NOUN cblr-1746 508 52 action action NOUN cblr-1746 508 53 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 508 54 79 79 NUM cblr-1746 508 55 fordham fordham PROPN cblr-1746 508 56 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 508 57 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 508 58 . . PROPN cblr-1746 508 59 1939 1939 NUM cblr-1746 508 60 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 508 61 1948 1948 NUM cblr-1746 508 62 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 508 63 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 508 64 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 508 65 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 508 66 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 508 67 the the DET cblr-1746 508 68 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 508 69 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 508 70 principal principal NOUN cblr-1746 508 71 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 508 72 is be AUX cblr-1746 508 73 a a DET cblr-1746 508 74 crucial crucial ADJ cblr-1746 508 75 issue issue NOUN cblr-1746 508 76 in in ADP cblr-1746 508 77 the the DET cblr-1746 508 78 class class NOUN cblr-1746 508 79 context context NOUN cblr-1746 508 80 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 508 81 neither neither CCONJ cblr-1746 508 82 the the DET cblr-1746 508 83 class class NOUN cblr-1746 508 84 as as ADP cblr-1746 508 85 a a DET cblr-1746 508 86 whole whole NOUN cblr-1746 508 87 nor nor CCONJ cblr-1746 508 88 its its PRON cblr-1746 508 89 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 508 90 members member NOUN cblr-1746 508 91 exercise exercise VERB cblr-1746 508 92 control control NOUN cblr-1746 508 93 over over ADP cblr-1746 508 94 the the DET cblr-1746 508 95 lawyer lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 508 96 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 509 1 an an DET cblr-1746 509 2 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 509 3 client client NOUN cblr-1746 509 4 can can AUX cblr-1746 509 5 threaten threaten VERB cblr-1746 509 6 to to PART cblr-1746 509 7 fire fire VERB cblr-1746 509 8 the the DET cblr-1746 509 9 lawyer lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 509 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 509 11 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 509 12 the the DET cblr-1746 509 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 509 14 can can AUX cblr-1746 509 15 not not PART cblr-1746 509 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 510 1 an an DET cblr-1746 510 2 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 510 3 client client NOUN cblr-1746 510 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 510 5 particularly particularly ADV cblr-1746 510 6 the the DET cblr-1746 510 7 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 510 8 client client NOUN cblr-1746 510 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 510 10 may may AUX cblr-1746 510 11 be be AUX cblr-1746 510 12 a a DET cblr-1746 510 13 repeat repeat NOUN cblr-1746 510 14 player player NOUN cblr-1746 510 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 511 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 511 2 members member NOUN cblr-1746 511 3 are be AUX cblr-1746 511 4 decidedly decidedly ADV cblr-1746 511 5 not not PART cblr-1746 511 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 512 1 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 512 2 clients client NOUN cblr-1746 512 3 can can AUX cblr-1746 512 4 negotiate negotiate VERB cblr-1746 512 5 lawyer lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 512 6 pay pay VERB cblr-1746 512 7 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 512 8 may may AUX cblr-1746 512 9 withhold withhold VERB cblr-1746 512 10 pay pay NOUN cblr-1746 512 11 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 512 12 negotiate negotiate VERB cblr-1746 512 13 discounts discount NOUN cblr-1746 512 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 512 15 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 512 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 512 17 members member NOUN cblr-1746 512 18 can can AUX cblr-1746 512 19 not not PART cblr-1746 512 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 512 21 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 512 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 512 23 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 512 24 hay hay PROPN cblr-1746 512 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 512 26 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 512 27 note note PROPN cblr-1746 512 28 28 28 NUM cblr-1746 512 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 512 30 at at ADP cblr-1746 512 31 1437 1437 NUM cblr-1746 512 32 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 512 33 observing observe VERB cblr-1746 512 34 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 512 35 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 512 36 there there PRON cblr-1746 512 37 is be VERB cblr-1746 512 38 no no DET cblr-1746 512 39 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 512 40 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 512 41 final final ADJ cblr-1746 512 42 no no NOUN cblr-1746 512 43 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 513 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 513 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 513 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 513 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 513 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 513 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 513 7 775 775 NUM cblr-1746 513 8 manager manager NOUN cblr-1746 513 9 that that PRON cblr-1746 513 10 aggregates aggregate VERB cblr-1746 513 11 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 513 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 513 13 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 513 14 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 513 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 513 16 within within ADP cblr-1746 513 17 a a DET cblr-1746 513 18 defined define VERB cblr-1746 513 19 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 513 20 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 513 21 the the DET cblr-1746 513 22 class).138 class).138 PROPN cblr-1746 513 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 513 24 members member NOUN cblr-1746 513 25 are be AUX cblr-1746 513 26 not not PART cblr-1746 513 27 vested vested ADJ cblr-1746 513 28 owners owner NOUN cblr-1746 513 29 in in ADP cblr-1746 513 30 the the DET cblr-1746 513 31 traditional traditional ADJ cblr-1746 513 32 sense sense NOUN cblr-1746 513 33 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 513 34 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 513 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 513 36 they they PRON cblr-1746 513 37 function function VERB cblr-1746 513 38 as as ADP cblr-1746 513 39 shareholders shareholder NOUN cblr-1746 513 40 in in ADP cblr-1746 513 41 the the DET cblr-1746 513 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 513 43 action action NOUN cblr-1746 513 44 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 513 45 contributing contribute VERB cblr-1746 513 46 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 513 47 though though SCONJ cblr-1746 513 48 not not PART cblr-1746 513 49 always always ADV cblr-1746 513 50 by by ADP cblr-1746 513 51 choice choice NOUN cblr-1746 513 52 ex ex X cblr-1746 513 53 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 513 54 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 513 55 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 513 56 units unit NOUN cblr-1746 513 57 of of ADP cblr-1746 513 58 production production NOUN cblr-1746 513 59 to to ADP cblr-1746 513 60 the the DET cblr-1746 513 61 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 513 62 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 513 63 their their PRON cblr-1746 513 64 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 513 65 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 513 66 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 514 1 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 514 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 514 3 the the DET cblr-1746 514 4 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 514 5 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 514 6 corresponds correspond VERB cblr-1746 514 7 to to ADP cblr-1746 514 8 the the DET cblr-1746 514 9 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 514 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 514 11 both both DET cblr-1746 514 12 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN cblr-1746 514 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 515 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 515 2 members member NOUN cblr-1746 515 3 often often ADV cblr-1746 515 4 benefit benefit VERB cblr-1746 515 5 by by ADP cblr-1746 515 6 aggregating aggregate VERB cblr-1746 515 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 515 8 in in ADP cblr-1746 515 9 a a DET cblr-1746 515 10 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 515 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 515 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 515 13 instead instead ADV cblr-1746 515 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 515 15 pursuing pursue VERB cblr-1746 515 16 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 515 17 individually individually ADV cblr-1746 515 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 515 19 on on ADP cblr-1746 515 20 the the DET cblr-1746 515 21 market).139 market).139 NOUN cblr-1746 515 22 similarly similarly ADV cblr-1746 515 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 515 24 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 515 25 yields yield NOUN cblr-1746 515 26 efficiencies efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 515 27 for for ADP cblr-1746 515 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 515 29 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 515 30 above above ADV cblr-1746 515 31 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 515 32 beyond beyond ADP cblr-1746 515 33 what what PRON cblr-1746 515 34 can can AUX cblr-1746 515 35 be be AUX cblr-1746 515 36 obtained obtain VERB cblr-1746 515 37 by by ADP cblr-1746 515 38 pursuing pursue VERB cblr-1746 515 39 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 515 40 litigation.140 litigation.140 NOUN cblr-1746 515 41 the the DET cblr-1746 515 42 similarities similarity NOUN cblr-1746 515 43 do do AUX cblr-1746 515 44 not not PART cblr-1746 515 45 end end VERB cblr-1746 515 46 at at ADP cblr-1746 515 47 mere mere ADJ cblr-1746 515 48 profit profit NOUN cblr-1746 515 49 motive motive NOUN cblr-1746 515 50 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 516 1 entrepreneur entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 516 2 - - NOUN cblr-1746 516 3 managers manager NOUN cblr-1746 516 4 aggregate aggregate ADJ cblr-1746 516 5 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 516 6 in in ADP cblr-1746 516 7 part part NOUN cblr-1746 516 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 516 9 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 516 10 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 516 11 explained explain VERB cblr-1746 516 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 516 13 to to PART cblr-1746 516 14 attain attain VERB cblr-1746 516 15 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 516 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 516 17 coordination coordination NOUN cblr-1746 516 18 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 516 19 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 516 20 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 516 21 control control NOUN cblr-1746 516 22 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 516 23 over over ADP cblr-1746 516 24 factors factor NOUN cblr-1746 516 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 516 26 production.141 production.141 PROPN cblr-1746 516 27 that that DET cblr-1746 516 28 control control NOUN cblr-1746 516 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 516 30 in in ADP cblr-1746 516 31 turn turn NOUN cblr-1746 516 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 516 33 generates generate VERB cblr-1746 516 34 organizational organizational ADJ cblr-1746 516 35 efficiencies efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 516 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 517 1 likewise likewise ADV cblr-1746 517 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 517 3 entrepreneurial entrepreneurial ADJ cblr-1746 517 4 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 517 5 aggregate aggregate VERB cblr-1746 517 6 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 517 7 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 517 8 in in ADP cblr-1746 517 9 part part NOUN cblr-1746 517 10 to to PART cblr-1746 517 11 augment augment VERB cblr-1746 517 12 their their PRON cblr-1746 517 13 own own ADJ cblr-1746 517 14 control control NOUN cblr-1746 517 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 517 16 both both CCONJ cblr-1746 517 17 over over ADP cblr-1746 517 18 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 517 19 the the DET cblr-1746 517 20 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 517 21 will will AUX cblr-1746 517 22 proceed142 proceed142 PROPN cblr-1746 517 23 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 517 24 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 517 25 the the DET cblr-1746 517 26 class class NOUN cblr-1746 517 27 action action NOUN cblr-1746 517 28 as as ADP cblr-1746 517 29 a a DET cblr-1746 517 30 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 517 31 might might AUX cblr-1746 517 32 be be AUX cblr-1746 517 33 unwound unwound ADJ cblr-1746 517 34 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 517 35 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 517 36 liquidated liquidate VERB cblr-1746 517 37 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 517 38 vel vel PROPN cblr-1746 517 39 non non X cblr-1746 517 40 in in ADP cblr-1746 517 41 settlement.143 settlement.143 PROPN cblr-1746 517 42 contractual contractual ADJ cblr-1746 517 43 relation relation NOUN cblr-1746 517 44 between between ADP cblr-1746 517 45 principal principal NOUN cblr-1746 517 46 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 517 47 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 517 48 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 517 49 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 517 50 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 517 51 the the DET cblr-1746 517 52 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 517 53 class class NOUN cblr-1746 517 54 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 517 55 does do AUX cblr-1746 517 56 not not PART cblr-1746 517 57 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 517 58 hire hire VERB cblr-1746 517 59 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 517 60 class class NOUN cblr-1746 517 61 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 517 62 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 517 63 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 517 64 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 517 65 see see VERB cblr-1746 517 66 also also ADV cblr-1746 517 67 infra infra VERB cblr-1746 517 68 part part NOUN cblr-1746 517 69 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 517 70 138 138 NUM cblr-1746 517 71 see see NOUN cblr-1746 517 72 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 517 73 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 517 74 understanding understand VERB cblr-1746 517 75 the the DET cblr-1746 517 76 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 517 77 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 517 78 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 517 79 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 517 80 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 517 81 note note NOUN cblr-1746 517 82 20 20 NUM cblr-1746 517 83 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 517 84 at at ADP cblr-1746 517 85 683–84 683–84 NOUN cblr-1746 517 86 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 517 87 stating state VERB cblr-1746 517 88 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 517 89 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 517 90 one one NUM cblr-1746 517 91 better well ADV cblr-1746 517 92 understands understand VERB cblr-1746 517 93 the the DET cblr-1746 517 94 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 517 95 of of ADP cblr-1746 517 96 the the DET cblr-1746 517 97 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 517 98 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 517 99 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 517 100 in in ADP cblr-1746 517 101 class class NOUN cblr-1746 517 102 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 517 103 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 517 104 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 517 105 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 517 106 one one NUM cblr-1746 517 107 views view VERB cblr-1746 517 108 him he PRON cblr-1746 517 109 not not PART cblr-1746 517 110 as as ADP cblr-1746 517 111 an an DET cblr-1746 517 112 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 517 113 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 517 114 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 517 115 more more ADV cblr-1746 517 116 as as ADP cblr-1746 517 117 an an DET cblr-1746 517 118 entrepreneur entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 517 119 who who PRON cblr-1746 517 120 regards regard VERB cblr-1746 517 121 a a DET cblr-1746 517 122 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 517 123 as as ADP cblr-1746 517 124 a a DET cblr-1746 517 125 risky risky ADJ cblr-1746 517 126 asset asset NOUN cblr-1746 517 127 that that PRON cblr-1746 517 128 requires require VERB cblr-1746 517 129 continuing continue VERB cblr-1746 517 130 investment investment NOUN cblr-1746 517 131 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 517 132 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 517 133 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 517 134 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 517 135 see see AUX cblr-1746 517 136 also also ADV cblr-1746 517 137 text text VERB cblr-1746 517 138 accompanying accompanying ADJ cblr-1746 517 139 note note NOUN cblr-1746 517 140 24 24 NUM cblr-1746 517 141 . . NOUN cblr-1746 517 142 139 139 NUM cblr-1746 517 143 see see VERB cblr-1746 517 144 supra supra ADJ cblr-1746 517 145 text text NOUN cblr-1746 517 146 accompanying accompany VERB cblr-1746 517 147 notes note NOUN cblr-1746 517 148 100–107 100–107 NUM cblr-1746 517 149 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 518 1 140 140 NUM cblr-1746 518 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 518 3 supra supra ADJ cblr-1746 518 4 text text NOUN cblr-1746 518 5 accompanying accompany VERB cblr-1746 518 6 notes note NOUN cblr-1746 518 7 94–99 94–99 NUM cblr-1746 518 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 519 1 141 141 NUM cblr-1746 519 2 see see NOUN cblr-1746 519 3 coase coase NOUN cblr-1746 519 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 519 5 the the DET cblr-1746 519 6 nature nature NOUN cblr-1746 519 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 519 8 the the DET cblr-1746 519 9 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 519 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 519 11 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 519 12 note note NOUN cblr-1746 519 13 93 93 NUM cblr-1746 519 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 519 15 at at ADP cblr-1746 519 16 37 37 NUM cblr-1746 519 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 519 18 142 142 NUM cblr-1746 519 19 see see VERB cblr-1746 519 20 macey macey PROPN cblr-1746 519 21 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 519 22 miller miller PROPN cblr-1746 519 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 519 24 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 519 25 note note PROPN cblr-1746 519 26 26 26 NUM cblr-1746 519 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 519 28 at at ADP cblr-1746 519 29 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 519 30 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 519 31 noting note VERB cblr-1746 519 32 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 519 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 519 34 in in ADP cblr-1746 519 35 contrast contrast NOUN cblr-1746 519 36 to to ADP cblr-1746 519 37 typical typical ADJ cblr-1746 519 38 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 519 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 519 40 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 519 41 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 519 42 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 519 43 class class NOUN cblr-1746 519 44 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 519 45 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 519 46 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 519 47 function function VERB cblr-1746 519 48 essentially essentially ADV cblr-1746 519 49 as as ADP cblr-1746 519 50 entrepreneurs entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 519 51 who who PRON cblr-1746 519 52 bear bear VERB cblr-1746 519 53 a a DET cblr-1746 519 54 substantial substantial ADJ cblr-1746 519 55 amount amount NOUN cblr-1746 519 56 of of ADP cblr-1746 519 57 the the DET cblr-1746 519 58 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 519 59 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 519 60 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 519 61 exercise exercise VERB cblr-1746 519 62 nearly nearly ADV cblr-1746 519 63 plenary plenary ADJ cblr-1746 519 64 control control NOUN cblr-1746 519 65 over over ADP cblr-1746 519 66 all all DET cblr-1746 519 67 important important ADJ cblr-1746 519 68 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 519 69 in in ADP cblr-1746 519 70 the the DET cblr-1746 519 71 lawsuit lawsuit NOUN cblr-1746 519 72 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 519 73 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 519 74 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 520 1 143 143 NUM cblr-1746 520 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 520 3 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 520 4 i i PRON cblr-1746 520 5 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 520 6 parkinson parkinson PROPN cblr-1746 520 7 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 520 8 final final ADJ cblr-1746 520 9 776 776 NUM cblr-1746 520 10 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 520 11 business business NOUN cblr-1746 520 12 law law NOUN cblr-1746 520 13 review review NOUN cblr-1746 520 14 [ [ X cblr-1746 520 15 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 520 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 520 17 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 520 18 critically critically ADV cblr-1746 520 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 520 20 the the DET cblr-1746 520 21 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 520 22 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 520 23 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 520 24 a a DET cblr-1746 520 25 way way NOUN cblr-1746 520 26 to to PART cblr-1746 520 27 distinguish distinguish VERB cblr-1746 520 28 between between ADP cblr-1746 520 29 various various ADJ cblr-1746 520 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 520 31 action action NOUN cblr-1746 520 32 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 520 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 520 34 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 520 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 520 36 between between ADP cblr-1746 520 37 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 520 38 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 520 39 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 520 40 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 520 41 relating relate VERB cblr-1746 520 42 to to ADP cblr-1746 520 43 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 520 44 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 520 45 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 520 46 make make VERB cblr-1746 520 47 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 520 48 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 520 49 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 520 50 buy buy VERB cblr-1746 520 51 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 520 52 relating relate VERB cblr-1746 520 53 to to ADP cblr-1746 520 54 external external ADJ cblr-1746 520 55 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 520 56 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 521 1 there there PRON cblr-1746 521 2 are be VERB cblr-1746 521 3 natural natural ADJ cblr-1746 521 4 limits limit NOUN cblr-1746 521 5 to to ADP cblr-1746 521 6 the the DET cblr-1746 521 7 range range NOUN cblr-1746 521 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 521 9 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 521 10 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 521 11 even even ADV cblr-1746 521 12 the the DET cblr-1746 521 13 most most ADV cblr-1746 521 14 unscrupulous unscrupulous ADJ cblr-1746 521 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 521 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 521 17 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 521 18 will will AUX cblr-1746 521 19 include include VERB cblr-1746 521 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 521 21 a a DET cblr-1746 521 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 521 23 action action NOUN cblr-1746 521 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 522 1 just just ADV cblr-1746 522 2 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 522 3 professor professor PROPN cblr-1746 522 4 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 522 5 observed observe VERB cblr-1746 522 6 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 522 7 one one NUM cblr-1746 522 8 corporation corporation NOUN cblr-1746 522 9 does do AUX cblr-1746 522 10 not not PART cblr-1746 522 11 control control VERB cblr-1746 522 12 every every DET cblr-1746 522 13 factor factor NOUN cblr-1746 522 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 522 15 production production NOUN cblr-1746 522 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 522 17 the the DET cblr-1746 522 18 economy economy NOUN cblr-1746 522 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 522 20 no no DET cblr-1746 522 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 522 22 action action NOUN cblr-1746 522 23 has have AUX cblr-1746 522 24 ever ever ADV cblr-1746 522 25 attempted attempt VERB cblr-1746 522 26 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 522 27 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 522 28 ever ever ADV cblr-1746 522 29 would would AUX cblr-1746 522 30 attempt attempt VERB cblr-1746 522 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 522 32 even even ADV cblr-1746 522 33 setting set VERB cblr-1746 522 34 aside aside ADP cblr-1746 522 35 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 522 36 23144 23144 NUM cblr-1746 522 37 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 522 38 to to PART cblr-1746 522 39 resolve resolve VERB cblr-1746 522 40 every every DET cblr-1746 522 41 cause cause NOUN cblr-1746 522 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 522 43 action action NOUN cblr-1746 522 44 in in ADP cblr-1746 522 45 a a DET cblr-1746 522 46 fanciful fanciful ADJ cblr-1746 522 47 global global ADJ cblr-1746 522 48 case case NOUN cblr-1746 522 49 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 523 1 there there PRON cblr-1746 523 2 comes come VERB cblr-1746 523 3 a a DET cblr-1746 523 4 point point NOUN cblr-1746 523 5 at at ADP cblr-1746 523 6 which which PRON cblr-1746 523 7 the the DET cblr-1746 523 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 523 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 523 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 523 11 its its PRON cblr-1746 523 12 own own ADJ cblr-1746 523 13 accord accord NOUN cblr-1746 523 14 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 523 15 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 523 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 523 17 at at ADP cblr-1746 523 18 the the DET cblr-1746 523 19 direction direction NOUN cblr-1746 523 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 523 21 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 523 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 523 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 523 24 will will AUX cblr-1746 523 25 cease cease VERB cblr-1746 523 26 to to PART cblr-1746 523 27 expand expand VERB cblr-1746 523 28 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 523 29 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 523 30 the the DET cblr-1746 523 31 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 523 32 of of ADP cblr-1746 523 33 adding add VERB cblr-1746 523 34 an an DET cblr-1746 523 35 additional additional ADJ cblr-1746 523 36 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 523 37 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 523 38 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 523 39 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 523 40 unit unit NOUN cblr-1746 523 41 of of ADP cblr-1746 523 42 production production NOUN cblr-1746 523 43 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 523 44 exceeds exceed VERB cblr-1746 523 45 the the DET cblr-1746 523 46 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 523 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 523 48 pursuing pursue VERB cblr-1746 523 49 that that DET cblr-1746 523 50 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 523 51 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 523 52 individually individually ADV cblr-1746 523 53 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 523 54 on on ADP cblr-1746 523 55 the the DET cblr-1746 523 56 market market NOUN cblr-1746 523 57 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 523 58 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 524 1 professor professor PROPN cblr-1746 524 2 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 524 3 observed observe VERB cblr-1746 524 4 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 524 5 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 524 6 a a DET cblr-1746 524 7 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 524 8 will will AUX cblr-1746 524 9 tend tend VERB cblr-1746 524 10 to to PART cblr-1746 524 11 be be AUX cblr-1746 524 12 larger large ADJ cblr-1746 524 13 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 524 14 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 524 15 a a X cblr-1746 524 16 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 524 17 the the PRON cblr-1746 524 18 less less ADJ cblr-1746 524 19 the the DET cblr-1746 524 20 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 524 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 524 22 organizing organize VERB cblr-1746 524 23 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 524 24 the the PRON cblr-1746 524 25 slower slow ADJ cblr-1746 524 26 these these DET cblr-1746 524 27 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 524 28 rise rise VERB cblr-1746 524 29 with with ADP cblr-1746 524 30 an an DET cblr-1746 524 31 increase increase NOUN cblr-1746 524 32 in in ADP cblr-1746 524 33 transaction transaction NOUN cblr-1746 524 34 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 524 35 organized organize VERB cblr-1746 524 36 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 524 37 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 524 38 b b X cblr-1746 524 39 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 524 40 the the PRON cblr-1746 524 41 less less ADV cblr-1746 524 42 likely likely ADJ cblr-1746 524 43 the the DET cblr-1746 524 44 entrepreneur entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 524 45 is be AUX cblr-1746 524 46 to to PART cblr-1746 524 47 make make VERB cblr-1746 524 48 mistakes mistake NOUN cblr-1746 524 49 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 524 50 the the DET cblr-1746 524 51 smaller small ADJ cblr-1746 524 52 the the DET cblr-1746 524 53 increase increase NOUN cblr-1746 524 54 in in ADP cblr-1746 524 55 mistakes mistake NOUN cblr-1746 524 56 with with ADP cblr-1746 524 57 an an DET cblr-1746 524 58 increase increase NOUN cblr-1746 524 59 in in ADP cblr-1746 524 60 the the DET cblr-1746 524 61 transactions transaction NOUN cblr-1746 524 62 organized.145 organized.145 ADP cblr-1746 524 63 the the DET cblr-1746 524 64 addition addition NOUN cblr-1746 524 65 of of ADP cblr-1746 524 66 unique unique ADJ cblr-1746 524 67 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 524 68 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 524 69 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 524 70 that that PRON cblr-1746 524 71 are be AUX cblr-1746 524 72 unlike unlike ADP cblr-1746 524 73 those those PRON cblr-1746 524 74 already already ADV cblr-1746 524 75 safely safely ADV cblr-1746 524 76 within within ADP cblr-1746 524 77 the the DET cblr-1746 524 78 class class NOUN cblr-1746 524 79 comes come VERB cblr-1746 524 80 at at ADP cblr-1746 524 81 a a DET cblr-1746 524 82 steep steep ADJ cblr-1746 524 83 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 524 84 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 525 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 525 2 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 525 3 must must AUX cblr-1746 525 4 invest invest VERB cblr-1746 525 5 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 525 6 not not PART cblr-1746 525 7 only only ADV cblr-1746 525 8 to to PART cblr-1746 525 9 demonstrate demonstrate VERB cblr-1746 525 10 at at ADP cblr-1746 525 11 the the DET cblr-1746 525 12 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 525 13 stage stage NOUN cblr-1746 525 14 that that PRON cblr-1746 525 15 the the DET cblr-1746 525 16 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 525 17 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 525 18 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 525 19 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 525 20 belongs belong VERB cblr-1746 525 21 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 525 22 in in ADP cblr-1746 525 23 the the DET cblr-1746 525 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 525 25 action action NOUN cblr-1746 525 26 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 525 27 what what PRON cblr-1746 525 28 this this DET cblr-1746 525 29 article article NOUN cblr-1746 525 30 terms term VERB cblr-1746 525 31 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 525 32 shoehorning shoehorn VERB cblr-1746 525 33 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 525 34 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 525 35 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 525 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 525 37 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 525 38 also also ADV cblr-1746 525 39 to to PART cblr-1746 525 40 convince convince VERB cblr-1746 525 41 the the DET cblr-1746 525 42 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 525 43 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 525 44 finder finder NOUN cblr-1746 525 45 at at ADP cblr-1746 525 46 trial trial NOUN cblr-1746 525 47 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 525 48 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 525 49 a a DET cblr-1746 525 50 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 525 51 in in ADP cblr-1746 525 52 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 525 53 negotiations negotiation NOUN cblr-1746 525 54 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 525 55 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 525 56 the the DET cblr-1746 525 57 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 525 58 is be AUX cblr-1746 525 59 one one NUM cblr-1746 525 60 of of ADP cblr-1746 525 61 merit merit NOUN cblr-1746 525 62 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 525 63 value value NOUN cblr-1746 525 64 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 525 65 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 525 66 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 525 67 costs”).146 costs”).146 NOUN cblr-1746 525 68 that that PRON cblr-1746 525 69 is be AUX cblr-1746 525 70 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 525 71 class class NOUN cblr-1746 525 72 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 525 73 must must AUX cblr-1746 525 74 marshal marshal VERB cblr-1746 525 75 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 525 76 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 525 77 conduct conduct VERB cblr-1746 525 78 sufficient sufficient ADJ cblr-1746 525 79 discovery discovery NOUN cblr-1746 525 80 to to PART cblr-1746 525 81 vindicate vindicate VERB cblr-1746 525 82 each each DET cblr-1746 525 83 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 525 84 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 525 85 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 525 86 devote devote VERB cblr-1746 525 87 time time NOUN cblr-1746 525 88 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 525 89 effort effort NOUN cblr-1746 525 90 to to ADP cblr-1746 525 91 those those DET cblr-1746 525 92 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 525 93 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 525 94 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 525 95 avoid avoid VERB cblr-1746 525 96 distracting distract VERB cblr-1746 525 97 the the DET cblr-1746 525 98 limited limited ADJ cblr-1746 525 99 decisional decisional ADJ cblr-1746 525 100 capacity capacity NOUN cblr-1746 525 101 of of ADP cblr-1746 525 102 the the DET cblr-1746 525 103 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 525 104 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 525 105 finder finder NOUN cblr-1746 525 106 with with ADP cblr-1746 525 107 spurious spurious ADJ cblr-1746 525 108 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 525 109 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 526 1 as as ADP cblr-1746 526 2 144 144 NUM cblr-1746 526 3 see see NOUN cblr-1746 526 4 infra infra NOUN cblr-1746 526 5 part part NOUN cblr-1746 526 6 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 526 7 145 145 NUM cblr-1746 526 8 coase coase NOUN cblr-1746 526 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 526 10 the the DET cblr-1746 526 11 nature nature NOUN cblr-1746 526 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 526 13 the the DET cblr-1746 526 14 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 526 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 526 16 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 526 17 note note NOUN cblr-1746 526 18 93 93 NUM cblr-1746 526 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 526 20 at at ADP cblr-1746 526 21 45 45 NUM cblr-1746 526 22 . . NOUN cblr-1746 526 23 146 146 NUM cblr-1746 526 24 see see VERB cblr-1746 526 25 infra infra NOUN cblr-1746 526 26 part part NOUN cblr-1746 526 27 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 526 28 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 526 29 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 526 30 final final ADJ cblr-1746 526 31 no no NOUN cblr-1746 526 32 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 527 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 527 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 527 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 527 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 527 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 527 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 527 7 777 777 NUM cblr-1746 527 8 coase coase PROPN cblr-1746 527 9 noted note VERB cblr-1746 527 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 527 11 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 527 12 the the DET cblr-1746 527 13 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 527 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 527 15 organizing organize VERB cblr-1746 527 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 527 17 the the DET cblr-1746 527 18 losses loss NOUN cblr-1746 527 19 through through ADP cblr-1746 527 20 mistakes mistake NOUN cblr-1746 527 21 will will AUX cblr-1746 527 22 increase increase VERB cblr-1746 527 23 with with ADP cblr-1746 527 24 an an DET cblr-1746 527 25 increase increase NOUN cblr-1746 527 26 in in ADP cblr-1746 527 27 the the PRON cblr-1746 527 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 527 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 527 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 528 1 dissimilarity dissimilarity NOUN cblr-1746 528 2 of of ADP cblr-1746 528 3 the the DET cblr-1746 528 4 transactions transaction NOUN cblr-1746 528 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 529 1 ”147 ”147 PROPN cblr-1746 529 2 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 529 3 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 529 4 alone alone ADV cblr-1746 529 5 does do AUX cblr-1746 529 6 not not PART cblr-1746 529 7 dictate dictate VERB cblr-1746 529 8 the the DET cblr-1746 529 9 size size NOUN cblr-1746 529 10 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 529 11 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 529 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 529 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 529 14 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 529 15 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 529 16 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 529 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 529 18 the the DET cblr-1746 529 19 self self NOUN cblr-1746 529 20 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 529 21 interested interested ADJ cblr-1746 529 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 529 23 profit profit NOUN cblr-1746 529 24 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 529 25 maximizing maximize VERB cblr-1746 529 26 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 529 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 529 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 529 29 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 529 30 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 529 31 class class NOUN cblr-1746 529 32 members member NOUN cblr-1746 529 33 can can AUX cblr-1746 529 34 also also ADV cblr-1746 529 35 help help VERB cblr-1746 529 36 explain explain VERB cblr-1746 529 37 why why SCONJ cblr-1746 529 38 class class NOUN cblr-1746 529 39 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 529 40 attain attain VERB cblr-1746 529 41 their their PRON cblr-1746 529 42 size size NOUN cblr-1746 529 43 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 529 44 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 529 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 530 1 these these DET cblr-1746 530 2 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN cblr-1746 530 3 not not PART cblr-1746 530 4 only only ADV cblr-1746 530 5 have have VERB cblr-1746 530 6 an an DET cblr-1746 530 7 incentive incentive NOUN cblr-1746 530 8 to to PART cblr-1746 530 9 aggregate aggregate VERB cblr-1746 530 10 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 530 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 530 12 order order NOUN cblr-1746 530 13 to to PART cblr-1746 530 14 transact transact VERB cblr-1746 530 15 at at ADP cblr-1746 530 16 a a DET cblr-1746 530 17 lower low ADJ cblr-1746 530 18 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 530 19 than than ADP cblr-1746 530 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 530 21 the the DET cblr-1746 530 22 market market NOUN cblr-1746 530 23 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 530 24 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 530 25 they they PRON cblr-1746 530 26 also also ADV cblr-1746 530 27 have have VERB cblr-1746 530 28 an an DET cblr-1746 530 29 incentive incentive NOUN cblr-1746 530 30 to to PART cblr-1746 530 31 restrict restrict VERB cblr-1746 530 32 the the DET cblr-1746 530 33 external external ADJ cblr-1746 530 34 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 530 35 of of ADP cblr-1746 530 36 their their PRON cblr-1746 530 37 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 530 38 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 530 39 size size NOUN cblr-1746 530 40 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 530 41 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 530 42 at at ADP cblr-1746 530 43 some some DET cblr-1746 530 44 outer outer ADJ cblr-1746 530 45 limit limit NOUN cblr-1746 530 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 531 1 even even ADV cblr-1746 531 2 accepting accept VERB cblr-1746 531 3 that that DET cblr-1746 531 4 expansive expansive ADJ cblr-1746 531 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 531 6 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 531 7 give give VERB cblr-1746 531 8 rise rise NOUN cblr-1746 531 9 to to ADP cblr-1746 531 10 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 531 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 531 12 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 531 13 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 531 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 531 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 531 16 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 531 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 531 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 531 19 members member NOUN cblr-1746 531 20 will will AUX cblr-1746 531 21 often often ADV cblr-1746 531 22 self self NOUN cblr-1746 531 23 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 531 24 regulate regulate NOUN cblr-1746 531 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 531 26 mitigating mitigate VERB cblr-1746 531 27 the the DET cblr-1746 531 28 potential potential ADJ cblr-1746 531 29 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 531 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 531 31 accompanying accompany VERB cblr-1746 531 32 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 531 33 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 531 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 532 1 iv iv X cblr-1746 532 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 532 3 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 532 4 entailments entailment NOUN cblr-1746 532 5 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 532 6 tiers tier NOUN cblr-1746 532 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 532 8 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 532 9 the the DET cblr-1746 532 10 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 532 11 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 532 12 distinguishes distinguish VERB cblr-1746 532 13 between between ADP cblr-1746 532 14 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 532 15 that that PRON cblr-1746 532 16 present present VERB cblr-1746 532 17 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 532 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 532 19 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 532 20 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 532 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 532 22 which which PRON cblr-1746 532 23 rightly rightly ADV cblr-1746 532 24 demand demand VERB cblr-1746 532 25 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 532 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 532 27 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 532 28 those those PRON cblr-1746 532 29 that that PRON cblr-1746 532 30 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 532 31 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 532 32 make make VERB cblr-1746 532 33 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 532 34 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 532 35 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 532 36 buy buy VERB cblr-1746 532 37 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 532 38 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 532 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 532 40 which which PRON cblr-1746 532 41 are be AUX cblr-1746 532 42 often often ADV cblr-1746 532 43 self self NOUN cblr-1746 532 44 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 532 45 regulating regulating NOUN cblr-1746 532 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 533 1 namely namely ADV cblr-1746 533 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 533 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 533 4 should should AUX cblr-1746 533 5 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 533 6 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 533 7 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 533 8 with with ADP cblr-1746 533 9 a a DET cblr-1746 533 10 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 533 11 hand hand NOUN cblr-1746 533 12 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 533 13 faced face VERB cblr-1746 533 14 with with ADP cblr-1746 533 15 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 533 16 that that PRON cblr-1746 533 17 relate relate VERB cblr-1746 533 18 to to ADP cblr-1746 533 19 the the DET cblr-1746 533 20 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 533 21 workings working NOUN cblr-1746 533 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 533 23 a a DET cblr-1746 533 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 533 25 action action NOUN cblr-1746 533 26 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 533 27 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 533 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 533 29 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 533 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 533 31 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 533 32 the the DET cblr-1746 533 33 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 533 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 533 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 533 36 representation representation NOUN cblr-1746 533 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 533 38 to to PART cblr-1746 533 39 name name VERB cblr-1746 533 40 a a DET cblr-1746 533 41 few few ADJ cblr-1746 533 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 534 1 by by ADP cblr-1746 534 2 contrast contrast NOUN cblr-1746 534 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 534 4 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 534 5 should should AUX cblr-1746 534 6 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 534 7 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 534 8 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 534 9 with with ADP cblr-1746 534 10 a a DET cblr-1746 534 11 light light ADJ cblr-1746 534 12 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 534 13 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 534 14 confronted confront VERB cblr-1746 534 15 with with ADP cblr-1746 534 16 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 534 17 that that PRON cblr-1746 534 18 relate relate VERB cblr-1746 534 19 to to ADP cblr-1746 534 20 the the DET cblr-1746 534 21 external external ADJ cblr-1746 534 22 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 534 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 534 24 a a DET cblr-1746 534 25 class class NOUN cblr-1746 534 26 action action NOUN cblr-1746 534 27 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 534 28 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 534 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 534 30 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 534 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 534 32 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 534 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 534 34 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 534 35 so so ADV cblr-1746 534 36 forth forth ADV cblr-1746 534 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 535 1 this this DET cblr-1746 535 2 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 535 3 maximizes maximize VERB cblr-1746 535 4 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 535 5 efficiencies efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 535 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 535 7 capitalizes capitalize VERB cblr-1746 535 8 on on ADP cblr-1746 535 9 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 535 10 competencies competency NOUN cblr-1746 535 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 536 1 the the DET cblr-1746 536 2 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 536 3 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 536 4 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 536 5 two two NUM cblr-1746 536 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 536 7 tier tier NOUN cblr-1746 536 8 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 536 9 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 536 10 the the DET cblr-1746 536 11 judiciary judiciary NOUN cblr-1746 536 12 with with ADP cblr-1746 536 13 a a DET cblr-1746 536 14 guide guide NOUN cblr-1746 536 15 for for ADP cblr-1746 536 16 discerning discern VERB cblr-1746 536 17 between between ADP cblr-1746 536 18 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 536 19 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 536 20 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 536 21 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 536 22 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 536 23 make make VERB cblr-1746 536 24 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 536 25 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 536 26 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 536 27 buy buy VERB cblr-1746 536 28 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 536 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 537 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 537 2 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 537 3 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 537 4 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 537 5 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 537 6 are be AUX cblr-1746 537 7 likely likely ADJ cblr-1746 537 8 to to PART cblr-1746 537 9 emerge emerge VERB cblr-1746 537 10 within within ADP cblr-1746 537 11 a a DET cblr-1746 537 12 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 537 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 537 14 there there PRON cblr-1746 537 15 are be VERB cblr-1746 537 16 natural natural ADJ cblr-1746 537 17 limits limit NOUN cblr-1746 537 18 to to ADP cblr-1746 537 19 the the DET cblr-1746 537 20 external external ADJ cblr-1746 537 21 growth growth NOUN cblr-1746 537 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 537 23 a a DET cblr-1746 537 24 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 537 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 538 1 in in ADP cblr-1746 538 2 the the DET cblr-1746 538 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 538 4 147 147 NUM cblr-1746 538 5 coase coase NOUN cblr-1746 538 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 538 7 the the DET cblr-1746 538 8 nature nature NOUN cblr-1746 538 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 538 10 the the DET cblr-1746 538 11 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 538 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 538 13 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 538 14 note note NOUN cblr-1746 538 15 93 93 NUM cblr-1746 538 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 538 17 at at ADP cblr-1746 538 18 45 45 NUM cblr-1746 538 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 539 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 539 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 539 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 539 4 778 778 NUM cblr-1746 539 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 539 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 539 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 539 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 540 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 540 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 540 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 540 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 540 5 action action NOUN cblr-1746 540 6 context context NOUN cblr-1746 540 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 540 8 the the DET cblr-1746 540 9 former former ADJ cblr-1746 540 10 demands demand VERB cblr-1746 540 11 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 540 12 intervention intervention NOUN cblr-1746 540 13 to to PART cblr-1746 540 14 correct correct VERB cblr-1746 540 15 for for ADP cblr-1746 540 16 market market NOUN cblr-1746 540 17 failure failure NOUN cblr-1746 540 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 540 19 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 540 20 the the DET cblr-1746 540 21 latter latter ADJ cblr-1746 540 22 warrants warrant NOUN cblr-1746 540 23 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 540 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 541 1 this this PRON cblr-1746 541 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 541 3 not not PART cblr-1746 541 4 an an DET cblr-1746 541 5 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 541 6 unfamiliar unfamiliar ADJ cblr-1746 541 7 to to ADP cblr-1746 541 8 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 541 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 542 1 in in ADP cblr-1746 542 2 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 542 3 law law NOUN cblr-1746 542 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 542 5 for for ADP cblr-1746 542 6 example example NOUN cblr-1746 542 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 542 8 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 542 9 provide provide VERB cblr-1746 542 10 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 542 11 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 542 12 to to ADP cblr-1746 542 13 business business NOUN cblr-1746 542 14 decisions.148 decisions.148 ADJ cblr-1746 542 15 by by ADP cblr-1746 542 16 contrast contrast NOUN cblr-1746 542 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 542 18 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 542 19 have have AUX cblr-1746 542 20 proven prove VERB cblr-1746 542 21 very very ADV cblr-1746 542 22 capable capable ADJ cblr-1746 542 23 at at ADP cblr-1746 542 24 peering peer VERB cblr-1746 542 25 within within ADP cblr-1746 542 26 a a DET cblr-1746 542 27 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 542 28 to to PART cblr-1746 542 29 govern govern VERB cblr-1746 542 30 the the DET cblr-1746 542 31 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 542 32 of of ADP cblr-1746 542 33 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 542 34 agents.149 agents.149 NOUN cblr-1746 542 35 this this DET cblr-1746 542 36 two two NUM cblr-1746 542 37 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 542 38 tier tier NOUN cblr-1746 542 39 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 542 40 to to PART cblr-1746 542 41 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 542 42 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 542 43 is be AUX cblr-1746 542 44 not not PART cblr-1746 542 45 scholarly scholarly ADJ cblr-1746 542 46 thought thought NOUN cblr-1746 542 47 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 542 48 play play NOUN cblr-1746 542 49 beyond beyond ADP cblr-1746 542 50 the the DET cblr-1746 542 51 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 542 52 ambit ambit NOUN cblr-1746 542 53 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 542 54 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 542 55 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 542 56 it it PRON cblr-1746 542 57 finds find VERB cblr-1746 542 58 textual textual ADJ cblr-1746 542 59 support support NOUN cblr-1746 542 60 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 543 1 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 543 2 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 543 3 introduces introduce NOUN cblr-1746 543 4 its its PRON cblr-1746 543 5 core core ADJ cblr-1746 543 6 externalboundary externalboundary ADJ cblr-1746 543 7 provisions provision NOUN cblr-1746 543 8 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 543 9 primarily primarily ADV cblr-1746 543 10 the the DET cblr-1746 543 11 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 543 12 23(a 23(a NUM cblr-1746 543 13 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 543 14 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 543 15 prerequisite prerequisite NOUN cblr-1746 543 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 543 17 the the DET cblr-1746 543 18 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 543 19 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 543 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 543 21 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 543 22 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 543 23 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 543 24 with with ADP cblr-1746 543 25 language language NOUN cblr-1746 543 26 that that PRON cblr-1746 543 27 implies imply VERB cblr-1746 543 28 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 543 29 to to ADP cblr-1746 543 30 litigants litigant NOUN cblr-1746 543 31 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 543 32 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 543 33 a a DET cblr-1746 543 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 543 35 action action NOUN cblr-1746 543 36 may may AUX cblr-1746 543 37 be be AUX cblr-1746 543 38 maintained maintain VERB cblr-1746 543 39 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 543 40 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 543 41 23(a 23(a NUM cblr-1746 543 42 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 543 43 is be AUX cblr-1746 543 44 satisfied satisfied ADJ cblr-1746 543 45 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 543 46 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 543 47 [ [ X cblr-1746 543 48 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 543 49 23(b 23(b NUM cblr-1746 543 50 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 543 51 is be AUX cblr-1746 543 52 met].”150 met].”150 ADJ cblr-1746 543 53 the the DET cblr-1746 543 54 supreme supreme PROPN cblr-1746 543 55 court court PROPN cblr-1746 543 56 has have AUX cblr-1746 543 57 stated state VERB cblr-1746 543 58 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 543 59 the the DET cblr-1746 543 60 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 543 61 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 543 62 suggested suggest VERB cblr-1746 543 63 by by ADP cblr-1746 543 64 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 543 65 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 543 66 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 543 67 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 543 68 may may AUX cblr-1746 543 69 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 543 70 is be AUX cblr-1746 543 71 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 543 72 residing reside VERB cblr-1746 543 73 in in ADP cblr-1746 543 74 the the DET cblr-1746 543 75 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 543 76 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 544 1 ”151 ”151 PUNCT cblr-1746 544 2 that that PRON cblr-1746 544 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 544 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 544 5 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 544 6 [ [ X cblr-1746 544 7 c]ourts c]ourt NOUN cblr-1746 544 8 do do VERB cblr-1746 544 9 148 148 NUM cblr-1746 544 10 see see VERB cblr-1746 544 11 cede cede NOUN cblr-1746 544 12 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 544 13 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 545 1 v. v. CCONJ cblr-1746 545 2 technicolor technicolor PROPN cblr-1746 545 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 545 4 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 545 5 . . PROPN cblr-1746 545 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 545 7 634 634 NUM cblr-1746 545 8 a.2d a.2d NUM cblr-1746 545 9 345 345 NUM cblr-1746 545 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 545 11 360 360 NUM cblr-1746 545 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 545 13 del del PROPN cblr-1746 545 14 . . NOUN cblr-1746 545 15 1993 1993 NUM cblr-1746 545 16 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 545 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 545 18 stating state VERB cblr-1746 545 19 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 545 20 the the DET cblr-1746 545 21 business business NOUN cblr-1746 545 22 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 545 23 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 545 24 is be AUX cblr-1746 545 25 intended intend VERB cblr-1746 545 26 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 545 27 to to PART cblr-1746 545 28 preclude preclude VERB cblr-1746 545 29 a a DET cblr-1746 545 30 court court NOUN cblr-1746 545 31 from from ADP cblr-1746 545 32 imposing impose VERB cblr-1746 545 33 itself itself PRON cblr-1746 545 34 unreasonably unreasonably ADV cblr-1746 545 35 on on ADP cblr-1746 545 36 the the DET cblr-1746 545 37 business business NOUN cblr-1746 545 38 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 545 39 affairs affair NOUN cblr-1746 545 40 of of ADP cblr-1746 545 41 a a DET cblr-1746 545 42 corporation corporation NOUN cblr-1746 545 43 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 545 44 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 545 45 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 545 46 see see VERB cblr-1746 545 47 also also ADV cblr-1746 545 48 stephen stephen PROPN cblr-1746 545 49 m. m. PROPN cblr-1746 545 50 bainbridge bainbridge PROPN cblr-1746 545 51 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 545 52 the the DET cblr-1746 545 53 business business NOUN cblr-1746 545 54 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 545 55 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 545 56 as as ADP cblr-1746 545 57 abstention abstention NOUN cblr-1746 545 58 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 545 59 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 545 60 57 57 NUM cblr-1746 545 61 vand vand NOUN cblr-1746 545 62 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 546 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 546 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 546 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 546 4 83 83 NUM cblr-1746 546 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 546 6 84–85 84–85 NUM cblr-1746 546 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 546 8 2004 2004 NUM cblr-1746 546 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 546 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 546 11 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 546 12 although although SCONJ cblr-1746 546 13 the the DET cblr-1746 546 14 separation separation NOUN cblr-1746 546 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 546 16 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 546 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 546 18 control control NOUN cblr-1746 546 19 in in ADP cblr-1746 546 20 modern modern ADJ cblr-1746 546 21 public public ADJ cblr-1746 546 22 corporations corporation NOUN cblr-1746 546 23 inevitably inevitably ADV cblr-1746 546 24 raises raise VERB cblr-1746 546 25 important important ADJ cblr-1746 546 26 accountability accountability NOUN cblr-1746 546 27 concerns concern NOUN cblr-1746 546 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 546 29 accountability accountability NOUN cblr-1746 546 30 standing standing NOUN cblr-1746 546 31 alone alone ADV cblr-1746 546 32 is be AUX cblr-1746 546 33 an an DET cblr-1746 546 34 inadequate inadequate ADJ cblr-1746 546 35 normative normative ADJ cblr-1746 546 36 account account NOUN cblr-1746 546 37 of of ADP cblr-1746 546 38 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 546 39 law law NOUN cblr-1746 546 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 547 1 a a DET cblr-1746 547 2 fully fully ADV cblr-1746 547 3 specified specify VERB cblr-1746 547 4 account account NOUN cblr-1746 547 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 547 6 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 547 7 law law NOUN cblr-1746 547 8 must must AUX cblr-1746 547 9 incorporate incorporate VERB cblr-1746 547 10 the the DET cblr-1746 547 11 value value NOUN cblr-1746 547 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 547 13 authority authority NOUN cblr-1746 547 14 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 547 15 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 547 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 547 17 the the DET cblr-1746 547 18 need need NOUN cblr-1746 547 19 to to PART cblr-1746 547 20 develop develop VERB cblr-1746 547 21 a a DET cblr-1746 547 22 set set NOUN cblr-1746 547 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 547 24 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 547 25 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 547 26 rules rule NOUN cblr-1746 547 27 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 547 28 standards standard NOUN cblr-1746 547 29 that that PRON cblr-1746 547 30 enable enable VERB cblr-1746 547 31 corporations corporation NOUN cblr-1746 547 32 to to PART cblr-1746 547 33 adopt adopt VERB cblr-1746 547 34 efficient efficient ADJ cblr-1746 547 35 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 547 36 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 547 37 making make VERB cblr-1746 547 38 systems system NOUN cblr-1746 547 39 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 547 40 processes process NOUN cblr-1746 547 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 547 42 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 547 43 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 547 44 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 548 1 149 149 NUM cblr-1746 548 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 548 3 telxon telxon PROPN cblr-1746 548 4 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 548 5 . . PROPN cblr-1746 548 6 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 548 7 meyerson meyerson PROPN cblr-1746 548 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 548 9 802 802 NUM cblr-1746 548 10 a.2d a.2d SYM cblr-1746 548 11 257 257 NUM cblr-1746 548 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 548 13 del del PROPN cblr-1746 548 14 . . NOUN cblr-1746 548 15 2002 2002 NUM cblr-1746 548 16 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 548 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 548 18 concerning concern VERB cblr-1746 548 19 a a DET cblr-1746 548 20 board board NOUN cblr-1746 548 21 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 548 22 attempt attempt NOUN cblr-1746 548 23 to to PART cblr-1746 548 24 entice entice VERB cblr-1746 548 25 its its PRON cblr-1746 548 26 chairman chairman NOUN cblr-1746 548 27 to to PART cblr-1746 548 28 serve serve VERB cblr-1746 548 29 as as ADP cblr-1746 548 30 ceo ceo NOUN cblr-1746 548 31 by by ADP cblr-1746 548 32 purchasing purchase VERB cblr-1746 548 33 all all DET cblr-1746 548 34 the the DET cblr-1746 548 35 stock stock NOUN cblr-1746 548 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 548 37 a a DET cblr-1746 548 38 company company NOUN cblr-1746 548 39 that that PRON cblr-1746 548 40 he he PRON cblr-1746 548 41 owned own VERB cblr-1746 548 42 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 548 43 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 548 44 see see VERB cblr-1746 548 45 also also ADV cblr-1746 548 46 in in ADP cblr-1746 548 47 re re ADP cblr-1746 548 48 the the DET cblr-1746 548 49 walt walt PROPN cblr-1746 548 50 disney disney PROPN cblr-1746 548 51 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 548 52 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 548 53 litig litig NOUN cblr-1746 548 54 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 549 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 549 2 825 825 NUM cblr-1746 549 3 a.2d a.2d SYM cblr-1746 549 4 275 275 NUM cblr-1746 549 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 549 6 290–91 290–91 NUM cblr-1746 549 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 549 8 del del PROPN cblr-1746 549 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 549 10 ch ch PROPN cblr-1746 549 11 . . PROPN cblr-1746 549 12 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 549 13 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 549 14 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 549 15 concerning concern VERB cblr-1746 549 16 a a DET cblr-1746 549 17 ceo ceo NOUN cblr-1746 549 18 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 549 19 severance severance NOUN cblr-1746 549 20 package package NOUN cblr-1746 549 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 549 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 550 1 note note VERB cblr-1746 550 2 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 550 3 the the DET cblr-1746 550 4 business business NOUN cblr-1746 550 5 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 550 6 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 550 7 applies apply VERB cblr-1746 550 8 to to ADP cblr-1746 550 9 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 550 10 directors director NOUN cblr-1746 550 11 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 550 12 it it PRON cblr-1746 550 13 has have VERB cblr-1746 550 14 an an DET cblr-1746 550 15 ambiguous ambiguous ADJ cblr-1746 550 16 relationship relationship NOUN cblr-1746 550 17 to to ADP cblr-1746 550 18 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 550 19 managers manager NOUN cblr-1746 550 20 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 550 21 officers officer NOUN cblr-1746 550 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 551 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 551 2 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 551 3 lyman lyman PROPN cblr-1746 551 4 p.q p.q PROPN cblr-1746 551 5 . . PROPN cblr-1746 551 6 johnson johnson PROPN cblr-1746 551 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 551 8 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 551 9 officers officer NOUN cblr-1746 551 10 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 551 11 the the DET cblr-1746 551 12 business business NOUN cblr-1746 551 13 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 551 14 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 551 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 551 16 60 60 NUM cblr-1746 551 17 bus bus NOUN cblr-1746 551 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 552 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 552 2 439 439 NUM cblr-1746 552 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 552 4 2005 2005 NUM cblr-1746 552 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 552 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 553 1 150 150 NUM cblr-1746 553 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 553 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 554 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 554 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 554 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 555 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 555 2 23(b 23(b NUM cblr-1746 555 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 555 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 555 5 emphasis emphasis NOUN cblr-1746 555 6 added add VERB cblr-1746 555 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 555 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 556 1 151 151 NUM cblr-1746 556 2 shady shady ADJ cblr-1746 556 3 grove grove PROPN cblr-1746 556 4 orthopedic orthopedic PROPN cblr-1746 556 5 assocs assocs PROPN cblr-1746 556 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 556 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 556 8 p.a p.a PROPN cblr-1746 556 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 557 1 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 557 2 allstate allstate PROPN cblr-1746 557 3 ins ins PROPN cblr-1746 557 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 557 5 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 557 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 558 1 559 559 NUM cblr-1746 558 2 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 558 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 558 4 393 393 NUM cblr-1746 558 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 558 6 400 400 NUM cblr-1746 558 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 558 8 2010 2010 NUM cblr-1746 558 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 558 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 559 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 559 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 559 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 559 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 559 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 560 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 560 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 560 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 560 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 560 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 560 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 560 7 779 779 NUM cblr-1746 560 8 not not PART cblr-1746 560 9 maintain maintain VERB cblr-1746 560 10 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 560 11 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 560 12 litigants litigant NOUN cblr-1746 560 13 do do VERB cblr-1746 560 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 561 1 ”152 ”152 VERB cblr-1746 561 2 by by ADP cblr-1746 561 3 contrast contrast NOUN cblr-1746 561 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 561 5 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 561 6 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 561 7 introduces introduce NOUN cblr-1746 561 8 its its PRON cblr-1746 561 9 core core ADJ cblr-1746 561 10 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 561 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 561 12 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 561 13 provisions provision NOUN cblr-1746 561 14 in in ADP cblr-1746 561 15 less less ADJ cblr-1746 561 16 deferential deferential ADJ cblr-1746 561 17 terms term NOUN cblr-1746 561 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 562 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 562 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 562 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 562 4 following follow VERB cblr-1746 562 5 a a DET cblr-1746 562 6 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 562 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 562 8 the the DET cblr-1746 562 9 reviewing reviewing NOUN cblr-1746 562 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 562 11 court court NOUN cblr-1746 562 12 must must AUX cblr-1746 562 13 direct direct VERB cblr-1746 562 14 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 562 15 in in ADP cblr-1746 562 16 a a DET cblr-1746 562 17 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 562 18 manner manner NOUN cblr-1746 562 19 to to ADP cblr-1746 562 20 all all DET cblr-1746 562 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 562 22 members member NOUN cblr-1746 562 23 who who PRON cblr-1746 562 24 would would AUX cblr-1746 562 25 be be AUX cblr-1746 562 26 bound bind VERB cblr-1746 562 27 by by ADP cblr-1746 562 28 the the DET cblr-1746 562 29 proposal proposal NOUN cblr-1746 562 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 562 31 ”153 ”153 NOUN cblr-1746 562 32 similarly similarly ADV cblr-1746 562 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 562 34 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 562 35 the the DET cblr-1746 562 36 court court NOUN cblr-1746 562 37 must must AUX cblr-1746 562 38 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 562 39 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 562 40 a a DET cblr-1746 562 41 number number NOUN cblr-1746 562 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 562 43 enumerated enumerate VERB cblr-1746 562 44 factors factor NOUN cblr-1746 562 45 in in ADP cblr-1746 562 46 evaluating evaluate VERB cblr-1746 562 47 the the DET cblr-1746 562 48 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 562 49 of of ADP cblr-1746 562 50 class class NOUN cblr-1746 562 51 counsel.154 counsel.154 VERB cblr-1746 562 52 this this DET cblr-1746 562 53 part part NOUN cblr-1746 562 54 canvasses canvass VERB cblr-1746 562 55 several several ADJ cblr-1746 562 56 doctrines doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 562 57 related relate VERB cblr-1746 562 58 to to ADP cblr-1746 562 59 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 562 60 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 562 61 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 562 62 external external ADJ cblr-1746 562 63 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 562 64 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 562 65 respectively respectively ADV cblr-1746 562 66 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 562 67 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 562 68 discusses discuss VERB cblr-1746 562 69 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 562 70 those those DET cblr-1746 562 71 doctrines doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 562 72 either either CCONJ cblr-1746 562 73 are be AUX cblr-1746 562 74 consistent consistent ADJ cblr-1746 562 75 with with ADP cblr-1746 562 76 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 562 77 require require VERB cblr-1746 562 78 change change NOUN cblr-1746 562 79 under under ADP cblr-1746 562 80 the the DET cblr-1746 562 81 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 562 82 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 562 83 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 563 1 figure figure NOUN cblr-1746 563 2 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 563 3 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 563 4 sorting sort VERB cblr-1746 563 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 563 6 action action NOUN cblr-1746 563 7 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 563 8 doctrines doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 563 9 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 563 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 563 11 fit fit ADJ cblr-1746 563 12 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 563 13 doctrines doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 563 14 to to PART cblr-1746 563 15 change change VERB cblr-1746 563 16 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 563 17 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 563 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 563 19 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 563 20 hand hand NOUN cblr-1746 563 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 563 22 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 563 23 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 563 24 external external ADJ cblr-1746 563 25 boundary boundary NOUN cblr-1746 563 26 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 563 27 light light ADJ cblr-1746 563 28 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 563 29 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 563 30 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 563 31 commonality/ commonality/ NUM cblr-1746 563 32 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 563 33 a. a. NOUN cblr-1746 563 34 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 563 35 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 563 36 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 563 37 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 563 38 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 563 39 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 563 40 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 563 41 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 563 42 should should AUX cblr-1746 563 43 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 563 44 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 563 45 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 563 46 provisions provision NOUN cblr-1746 563 47 concerning concern VERB cblr-1746 563 48 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 563 49 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 563 50 with with ADP cblr-1746 563 51 a a DET cblr-1746 563 52 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 563 53 hand hand NOUN cblr-1746 563 54 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 564 1 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 564 2 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 564 3 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 564 4 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 564 5 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 564 6 market market NOUN cblr-1746 564 7 failures failure NOUN cblr-1746 564 8 are be AUX cblr-1746 564 9 particularly particularly ADV cblr-1746 564 10 likely likely ADJ cblr-1746 564 11 to to PART cblr-1746 564 12 thrive thrive VERB cblr-1746 564 13 in in ADP cblr-1746 564 14 this this DET cblr-1746 564 15 setting setting NOUN cblr-1746 564 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 565 1 the the DET cblr-1746 565 2 lack lack NOUN cblr-1746 565 3 of of ADP cblr-1746 565 4 ex ex ADJ cblr-1746 565 5 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 565 6 contracting contracting NOUN cblr-1746 565 7 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 565 8 particularly particularly ADV cblr-1746 565 9 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 565 10 coupled couple VERB cblr-1746 565 11 with with ADP cblr-1746 565 12 the the DET cblr-1746 565 13 difficulty difficulty NOUN cblr-1746 565 14 that that PRON cblr-1746 565 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 565 16 152 152 NUM cblr-1746 565 17 i i PRON cblr-1746 565 18 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 565 19 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 565 20 see see VERB cblr-1746 565 21 hubbard hubbard PROPN cblr-1746 565 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 565 23 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 565 24 note note PROPN cblr-1746 565 25 81 81 NUM cblr-1746 565 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 565 27 at at ADP cblr-1746 565 28 708 708 NUM cblr-1746 565 29 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 565 30 construing construe VERB cblr-1746 565 31 this this DET cblr-1746 565 32 language language NOUN cblr-1746 565 33 to to PART cblr-1746 565 34 mean mean VERB cblr-1746 565 35 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 565 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 565 37 following follow VERB cblr-1746 565 38 shady shady ADJ cblr-1746 565 39 grove grove NOUN cblr-1746 565 40 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 565 41 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 565 42 a a DET cblr-1746 565 43 district district NOUN cblr-1746 565 44 court court NOUN cblr-1746 565 45 has have VERB cblr-1746 565 46 no no DET cblr-1746 565 47 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 565 48 to to PART cblr-1746 565 49 refuse refuse VERB cblr-1746 565 50 to to PART cblr-1746 565 51 certify certify VERB cblr-1746 565 52 a a DET cblr-1746 565 53 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 565 54 23(b)(2 23(b)(2 NUM cblr-1746 565 55 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 565 56 class class NOUN cblr-1746 565 57 action action NOUN cblr-1746 565 58 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 565 59 so so ADV cblr-1746 565 60 long long ADV cblr-1746 565 61 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 565 62 the the DET cblr-1746 565 63 prerequisites prerequisite NOUN cblr-1746 565 64 in in ADP cblr-1746 565 65 the the DET cblr-1746 565 66 text text NOUN cblr-1746 565 67 of of ADP cblr-1746 565 68 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 565 69 23(a 23(a NUM cblr-1746 565 70 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 565 71 are be AUX cblr-1746 565 72 met meet VERB cblr-1746 565 73 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 565 74 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 565 75 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 566 1 153 153 NUM cblr-1746 566 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 566 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 567 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 567 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 567 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 568 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 568 2 23(e)(1 23(e)(1 NUM cblr-1746 568 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 568 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 568 5 emphasis emphasis NOUN cblr-1746 568 6 added add VERB cblr-1746 568 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 568 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 569 1 154 154 NUM cblr-1746 569 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 569 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 570 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 570 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 570 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 571 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 571 2 23(g)(1 23(g)(1 NUM cblr-1746 571 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 571 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 571 5 emphasis emphasis NOUN cblr-1746 571 6 added add VERB cblr-1746 571 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 571 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 572 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 572 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 572 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 572 4 780 780 NUM cblr-1746 572 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 572 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 572 7 law law NOUN cblr-1746 572 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 573 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 573 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 573 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 573 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 573 5 members member NOUN cblr-1746 573 6 face face VERB cblr-1746 573 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 573 8 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 573 9 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 573 10 removing remove VERB cblr-1746 573 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 573 12 counsel155 counsel155 PROPN cblr-1746 573 13 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 573 14 presents present VERB cblr-1746 573 15 tempting tempting ADJ cblr-1746 573 16 opportunities opportunity NOUN cblr-1746 573 17 to to PART cblr-1746 573 18 take take VERB cblr-1746 573 19 advantage advantage NOUN cblr-1746 573 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 573 21 the the DET cblr-1746 573 22 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 573 23 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 573 24 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 573 25 relationship relationship NOUN cblr-1746 573 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 574 1 absent absent ADJ cblr-1746 574 2 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 574 3 intervention intervention NOUN cblr-1746 574 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 574 5 the the DET cblr-1746 574 6 result result NOUN cblr-1746 574 7 is be AUX cblr-1746 574 8 welfare welfare NOUN cblr-1746 574 9 sacrificing sacrifice VERB cblr-1746 574 10 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 574 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 574 12 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 574 13 may may AUX cblr-1746 574 14 engage engage VERB cblr-1746 574 15 in in ADP cblr-1746 574 16 a a DET cblr-1746 574 17 litany litany NOUN cblr-1746 574 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 574 19 inefficient inefficient ADJ cblr-1746 574 20 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 574 21 suboptimal suboptimal ADJ cblr-1746 574 22 behaviors behavior NOUN cblr-1746 574 23 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 574 24 the the DET cblr-1746 574 25 market market NOUN cblr-1746 574 26 would would AUX cblr-1746 574 27 ideally ideally ADV cblr-1746 574 28 correct correct VERB cblr-1746 574 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 574 30 were be AUX cblr-1746 574 31 a a DET cblr-1746 574 32 market market NOUN cblr-1746 574 33 mechanism mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 574 34 available available ADJ cblr-1746 574 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 575 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 575 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 575 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 575 4 an an DET cblr-1746 575 5 efficient efficient ADJ cblr-1746 575 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 575 7 liquid liquid ADJ cblr-1746 575 8 market market NOUN cblr-1746 575 9 for for ADP cblr-1746 575 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 575 11 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 575 12 would would AUX cblr-1746 575 13 reduce reduce VERB cblr-1746 575 14 the the DET cblr-1746 575 15 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 575 16 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 575 17 an an DET cblr-1746 575 18 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 575 19 might might AUX cblr-1746 575 20 take take VERB cblr-1746 575 21 excessive excessive ADJ cblr-1746 575 22 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 575 23 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 575 24 engage engage VERB cblr-1746 575 25 in in ADP cblr-1746 575 26 collusive collusive ADJ cblr-1746 575 27 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 575 28 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 575 29 knowing know VERB cblr-1746 575 30 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 575 31 they they PRON cblr-1746 575 32 would would AUX cblr-1746 575 33 simply simply ADV cblr-1746 575 34 be be AUX cblr-1746 575 35 terminated terminate VERB cblr-1746 575 36 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 575 37 replaced replace VERB cblr-1746 575 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 575 39 class class NOUN cblr-1746 575 40 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 575 41 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 575 42 incentives incentive NOUN cblr-1746 575 43 would would AUX cblr-1746 575 44 align align VERB cblr-1746 575 45 with with ADP cblr-1746 575 46 class class NOUN cblr-1746 575 47 members member NOUN cblr-1746 575 48 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 575 49 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 575 50 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 576 1 similarly similarly ADV cblr-1746 576 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 576 3 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 576 4 the the DET cblr-1746 576 5 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 576 6 market market NOUN cblr-1746 576 7 were be AUX cblr-1746 576 8 highly highly ADV cblr-1746 576 9 liquid liquid ADJ cblr-1746 576 10 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 576 11 claims claim VERB cblr-1746 576 12 mobile mobile NOUN cblr-1746 576 13 such such ADJ cblr-1746 576 14 that that PRON cblr-1746 576 15 removing remove VERB cblr-1746 576 16 one one NUM cblr-1746 576 17 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 576 18 stake stake NOUN cblr-1746 576 19 from from ADP cblr-1746 576 20 a a DET cblr-1746 576 21 poorly poorly ADV cblr-1746 576 22 performing perform VERB cblr-1746 576 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 576 24 action action NOUN cblr-1746 576 25 were be AUX cblr-1746 576 26 simple simple ADJ cblr-1746 576 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 576 28 there there PRON cblr-1746 576 29 would would AUX cblr-1746 576 30 be be AUX cblr-1746 576 31 little little ADJ cblr-1746 576 32 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 576 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 576 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 576 35 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 576 36 negotiating negotiate VERB cblr-1746 576 37 a a DET cblr-1746 576 38 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 576 39 reverse reverse NOUN cblr-1746 576 40 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 576 41 auction auction NOUN cblr-1746 576 42 settlement”;156 settlement”;156 ADJ cblr-1746 576 43 class class NOUN cblr-1746 576 44 members member NOUN cblr-1746 576 45 would would AUX cblr-1746 576 46 simply simply ADV cblr-1746 576 47 abandon abandon VERB cblr-1746 576 48 any any DET cblr-1746 576 49 class class NOUN cblr-1746 576 50 action action NOUN cblr-1746 576 51 that that PRON cblr-1746 576 52 undervalued undervalue VERB cblr-1746 576 53 their their PRON cblr-1746 576 54 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 576 55 interest interest NOUN cblr-1746 576 56 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 577 1 of of ADP cblr-1746 577 2 course course NOUN cblr-1746 577 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 577 4 these these DET cblr-1746 577 5 mechanisms mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 577 6 do do AUX cblr-1746 577 7 not not PART cblr-1746 577 8 exist exist VERB cblr-1746 577 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 577 10 the the DET cblr-1746 577 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 577 12 action action NOUN cblr-1746 577 13 context context NOUN cblr-1746 577 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 577 15 at at ADP cblr-1746 577 16 least least ADJ cblr-1746 577 17 not not PART cblr-1746 577 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 577 19 any any DET cblr-1746 577 20 efficient efficient ADJ cblr-1746 577 21 capacity capacity NOUN cblr-1746 577 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 578 1 these these DET cblr-1746 578 2 market market NOUN cblr-1746 578 3 failures failure NOUN cblr-1746 578 4 foster foster ADJ cblr-1746 578 5 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 578 6 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 578 7 that that PRON cblr-1746 578 8 warrant warrant VERB cblr-1746 578 9 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 578 10 intervention intervention NOUN cblr-1746 578 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 579 1 fortunately fortunately ADV cblr-1746 579 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 579 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 579 4 are be AUX cblr-1746 579 5 more more ADJ cblr-1746 579 6 than than ADP cblr-1746 579 7 capable capable ADJ cblr-1746 579 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 579 9 overseeing oversee VERB cblr-1746 579 10 the the DET cblr-1746 579 11 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 579 12 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 579 13 finding finding NOUN cblr-1746 579 14 necessary necessary ADJ cblr-1746 579 15 to to PART cblr-1746 579 16 review review VERB cblr-1746 579 17 a a DET cblr-1746 579 18 155 155 NUM cblr-1746 579 19 see see NOUN cblr-1746 579 20 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 579 21 note note PROPN cblr-1746 579 22 137 137 NUM cblr-1746 579 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 580 1 156 156 NUM cblr-1746 580 2 a a DET cblr-1746 580 3 reverse reverse NOUN cblr-1746 580 4 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 580 5 auction auction NOUN cblr-1746 580 6 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 580 7 refers refer VERB cblr-1746 580 8 to to ADP cblr-1746 580 9 a a DET cblr-1746 580 10 process process NOUN cblr-1746 580 11 by by ADP cblr-1746 580 12 which which PRON cblr-1746 580 13 a a DET cblr-1746 580 14 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 580 15 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 580 16 can can AUX cblr-1746 580 17 play play VERB cblr-1746 580 18 the the DET cblr-1746 580 19 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 580 20 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 580 21 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 580 22 off off ADP cblr-1746 580 23 against against ADP cblr-1746 580 24 one one NUM cblr-1746 580 25 another another DET cblr-1746 580 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 580 27 bargaining bargain VERB cblr-1746 580 28 down down ADP cblr-1746 580 29 the the DET cblr-1746 580 30 price price NOUN cblr-1746 580 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 580 32 the the DET cblr-1746 580 33 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 580 34 in in ADP cblr-1746 580 35 exchange exchange NOUN cblr-1746 580 36 for for ADP cblr-1746 580 37 ensuring ensure VERB cblr-1746 580 38 the the DET cblr-1746 580 39 lowest low ADJ cblr-1746 580 40 selling selling NOUN cblr-1746 580 41 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 580 42 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 580 43 they they PRON cblr-1746 580 44 will will AUX cblr-1746 580 45 be be AUX cblr-1746 580 46 the the DET cblr-1746 580 47 ones one NOUN cblr-1746 580 48 to to PART cblr-1746 580 49 get get VERB cblr-1746 580 50 a a DET cblr-1746 580 51 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 580 52 out out ADP cblr-1746 580 53 of of ADP cblr-1746 580 54 the the DET cblr-1746 580 55 case case NOUN cblr-1746 580 56 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 580 57 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 581 1 william william PROPN cblr-1746 581 2 b. b. PROPN cblr-1746 581 3 rubenstein rubenstein PROPN cblr-1746 581 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 581 5 newberg newberg PROPN cblr-1746 581 6 on on ADP cblr-1746 581 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 581 8 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 581 9 § § PROPN cblr-1746 581 10 13:57 13:57 NUM cblr-1746 581 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 581 12 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 581 13 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 581 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 582 1 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 582 2 guard guard VERB cblr-1746 582 3 against against ADP cblr-1746 582 4 the the DET cblr-1746 582 5 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 582 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 582 7 a a DET cblr-1746 582 8 reverse reverse NOUN cblr-1746 582 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 582 10 auction auction NOUN cblr-1746 582 11 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 582 12 with with ADP cblr-1746 582 13 particular particular ADJ cblr-1746 582 14 care care NOUN cblr-1746 582 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 583 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 583 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 583 3 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 583 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 583 5 reynolds reynolds PROPN cblr-1746 583 6 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 583 7 beneficial beneficial PROPN cblr-1746 583 8 nat’l nat’l PROPN cblr-1746 583 9 bank bank NOUN cblr-1746 583 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 583 11 288 288 NUM cblr-1746 583 12 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 583 13 277 277 NUM cblr-1746 583 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 583 15 283 283 NUM cblr-1746 583 16 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 583 17 7th 7th ADJ cblr-1746 583 18 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 583 19 . . PROPN cblr-1746 583 20 2002 2002 NUM cblr-1746 583 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 583 22 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 583 23 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 583 24 although although SCONJ cblr-1746 583 25 there there PRON cblr-1746 583 26 is be VERB cblr-1746 583 27 no no DET cblr-1746 583 28 proof proof NOUN cblr-1746 583 29 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 583 30 the the DET cblr-1746 583 31 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 583 32 was be AUX cblr-1746 583 33 actually actually ADV cblr-1746 583 34 collusive collusive ADJ cblr-1746 583 35 in in ADP cblr-1746 583 36 the the DET cblr-1746 583 37 reverse reverse NOUN cblr-1746 583 38 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 583 39 auction auction NOUN cblr-1746 583 40 sense sense NOUN cblr-1746 583 41 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 583 42 the the DET cblr-1746 583 43 circumstances circumstance NOUN cblr-1746 583 44 demanded demand VERB cblr-1746 583 45 closer close ADJ cblr-1746 583 46 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 583 47 than than SCONJ cblr-1746 583 48 the the DET cblr-1746 583 49 district district NOUN cblr-1746 583 50 judge judge NOUN cblr-1746 583 51 gave give VERB cblr-1746 583 52 it it PRON cblr-1746 583 53 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 583 54 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 583 55 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 583 56 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 584 1 bell bell PROPN cblr-1746 584 2 atl atl PROPN cblr-1746 584 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 584 4 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 584 5 . . PROPN cblr-1746 585 1 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 585 2 bolger bolger PROPN cblr-1746 585 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 585 4 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 585 5 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 585 6 1304 1304 NUM cblr-1746 585 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 585 8 1310 1310 NUM cblr-1746 585 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 585 10 3d 3d NUM cblr-1746 585 11 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 585 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 585 13 1993 1993 NUM cblr-1746 585 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 585 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 585 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 585 17 one one NUM cblr-1746 585 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 585 19 the the DET cblr-1746 585 20 risks risk NOUN cblr-1746 585 21 flowing flow VERB cblr-1746 585 22 from from ADP cblr-1746 585 23 shareholders shareholder NOUN cblr-1746 585 24 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 585 25 difficulty difficulty NOUN cblr-1746 585 26 in in ADP cblr-1746 585 27 monitoring monitor VERB cblr-1746 585 28 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 585 29 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 585 30 is be AUX cblr-1746 585 31 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 585 32 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 585 33 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 585 34 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 585 35 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 585 36 the the DET cblr-1746 585 37 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 585 38 will will AUX cblr-1746 585 39 structure structure VERB cblr-1746 585 40 a a DET cblr-1746 585 41 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 585 42 such such ADJ cblr-1746 585 43 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 585 44 the the DET cblr-1746 585 45 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 585 46 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 585 47 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 585 48 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 585 49 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 585 50 are be AUX cblr-1746 585 51 disproportionate disproportionate ADJ cblr-1746 585 52 to to ADP cblr-1746 585 53 any any DET cblr-1746 585 54 relief relief NOUN cblr-1746 585 55 obtained obtain VERB cblr-1746 585 56 for for ADP cblr-1746 585 57 the the DET cblr-1746 585 58 corporation corporation NOUN cblr-1746 585 59 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 586 1 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 586 2 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 586 3 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 586 4 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 586 5 the the DET cblr-1746 586 6 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 586 7 may may AUX cblr-1746 586 8 settle settle VERB cblr-1746 586 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 586 10 a a DET cblr-1746 586 11 manner manner NOUN cblr-1746 586 12 adverse adverse ADJ cblr-1746 586 13 to to ADP cblr-1746 586 14 the the DET cblr-1746 586 15 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 586 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 586 17 the the DET cblr-1746 586 18 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 586 19 by by ADP cblr-1746 586 20 exchanging exchange VERB cblr-1746 586 21 a a DET cblr-1746 586 22 low low ADJ cblr-1746 586 23 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 586 24 for for ADP cblr-1746 586 25 high high ADJ cblr-1746 586 26 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 586 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 586 28 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 586 29 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 586 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 587 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 587 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 587 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 587 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 587 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 588 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 588 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 588 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 588 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 588 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 588 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 588 7 781 781 NUM cblr-1746 588 8 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 588 9 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 588 10 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 588 11 workings working NOUN cblr-1746 588 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 589 1 in in ADP cblr-1746 589 2 the the DET cblr-1746 589 3 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 589 4 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 589 5 law law NOUN cblr-1746 589 6 context context NOUN cblr-1746 589 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 589 8 for for ADP cblr-1746 589 9 example example NOUN cblr-1746 589 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 589 11 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 589 12 regularly regularly ADV cblr-1746 589 13 monitor monitor VERB cblr-1746 589 14 a a DET cblr-1746 589 15 host host NOUN cblr-1746 589 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 589 17 internalgovernance internalgovernance NOUN cblr-1746 589 18 matters matter NOUN cblr-1746 589 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 589 20 including include VERB cblr-1746 589 21 executive executive NOUN cblr-1746 589 22 compensation,157 compensation,157 PROPN cblr-1746 589 23 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 589 24 collusion collusion NOUN cblr-1746 589 25 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 589 26 deceptive deceptive ADJ cblr-1746 589 27 practices,158 practices,158 NOUN cblr-1746 589 28 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 589 29 decisionmaking decisionmake VERB cblr-1746 589 30 transparency.159 transparency.159 NUM cblr-1746 589 31 in in ADP cblr-1746 589 32 each each PRON cblr-1746 589 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 589 34 these these DET cblr-1746 589 35 broadly broadly ADV cblr-1746 589 36 defined define VERB cblr-1746 589 37 areas area NOUN cblr-1746 589 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 589 39 information information NOUN cblr-1746 589 40 asymmetries asymmetry NOUN cblr-1746 589 41 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 589 42 related relate VERB cblr-1746 589 43 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 589 44 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 589 45 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 589 46 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 589 47 risk risk VERB cblr-1746 589 48 market market NOUN cblr-1746 589 49 failure,160 failure,160 NOUN cblr-1746 590 1 so so ADV cblr-1746 590 2 the the DET cblr-1746 590 3 judiciary judiciary NOUN cblr-1746 590 4 intervenes intervene VERB cblr-1746 590 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 591 1 157 157 NUM cblr-1746 591 2 see see NOUN cblr-1746 591 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 591 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 591 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 591 6 in in ADP cblr-1746 591 7 re re ADP cblr-1746 591 8 the the DET cblr-1746 591 9 walt walt PROPN cblr-1746 591 10 disney disney PROPN cblr-1746 591 11 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 591 12 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 591 13 litig litig NOUN cblr-1746 591 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 591 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 591 16 825 825 NUM cblr-1746 591 17 a.2d a.2d SYM cblr-1746 591 18 275 275 NUM cblr-1746 591 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 591 20 290–91 290–91 NUM cblr-1746 591 21 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 591 22 del del PROPN cblr-1746 591 23 . . PROPN cblr-1746 591 24 ch ch PROPN cblr-1746 591 25 . . PROPN cblr-1746 591 26 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 591 27 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 591 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 591 29 holding hold VERB cblr-1746 591 30 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 591 31 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 591 32 sufficiently sufficiently ADV cblr-1746 591 33 alleged allege VERB cblr-1746 591 34 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 591 35 the the DET cblr-1746 591 36 directors director NOUN cblr-1746 591 37 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 591 38 dealings dealing NOUN cblr-1746 591 39 with with ADP cblr-1746 591 40 the the DET cblr-1746 591 41 president president NOUN cblr-1746 591 42 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 591 43 employment employment NOUN cblr-1746 591 44 with with ADP cblr-1746 591 45 regards regard NOUN cblr-1746 591 46 to to ADP cblr-1746 591 47 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 591 48 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 591 49 termination termination NOUN cblr-1746 591 50 fell fall VERB cblr-1746 591 51 outside outside ADP cblr-1746 591 52 the the DET cblr-1746 591 53 business business NOUN cblr-1746 591 54 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 591 55 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 591 56 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 591 57 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 591 58 see see VERB cblr-1746 591 59 also also ADV cblr-1746 591 60 douglas douglas PROPN cblr-1746 591 61 c. c. PROPN cblr-1746 591 62 michael michael PROPN cblr-1746 591 63 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 591 64 the the DET cblr-1746 591 65 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 591 66 officer officer NOUN cblr-1746 591 67 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 591 68 independent independent ADJ cblr-1746 591 69 duty duty NOUN cblr-1746 591 70 as as ADP cblr-1746 591 71 a a DET cblr-1746 591 72 tonic tonic NOUN cblr-1746 591 73 for for ADP cblr-1746 591 74 the the DET cblr-1746 591 75 anemic anemic ADJ cblr-1746 591 76 law law NOUN cblr-1746 591 77 of of ADP cblr-1746 591 78 executive executive ADJ cblr-1746 591 79 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 591 80 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 591 81 17 17 NUM cblr-1746 591 82 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 591 83 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 591 84 . . PROPN cblr-1746 591 85 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 591 86 785 785 NUM cblr-1746 591 87 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 591 88 786–87 786–87 NUM cblr-1746 591 89 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 591 90 1992 1992 NUM cblr-1746 591 91 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 591 92 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 591 93 stating state VERB cblr-1746 591 94 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 591 95 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 591 96 agents agent NOUN cblr-1746 591 97 have have VERB cblr-1746 591 98 a a DET cblr-1746 591 99 have have AUX cblr-1746 591 100 a a DET cblr-1746 591 101 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 591 102 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 591 103 duty duty NOUN cblr-1746 591 104 not not PART cblr-1746 591 105 to to PART cblr-1746 591 106 accept accept VERB cblr-1746 591 107 unreasonable unreasonable ADJ cblr-1746 591 108 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 591 109 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 591 110 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 591 111 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 591 112 randall randall PROPN cblr-1746 591 113 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 591 114 thomas thomas PROPN cblr-1746 591 115 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 591 116 harwell harwell PROPN cblr-1746 591 117 wells wells PROPN cblr-1746 591 118 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 591 119 executive executive NOUN cblr-1746 591 120 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 591 121 in in ADP cblr-1746 591 122 the the DET cblr-1746 591 123 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 591 124 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 591 125 board board NOUN cblr-1746 591 126 capture capture NOUN cblr-1746 591 127 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 591 128 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 591 129 contracting contracting NOUN cblr-1746 591 130 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 591 131 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 591 132 officers officer NOUN cblr-1746 591 133 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 591 134 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 591 135 duties duty NOUN cblr-1746 591 136 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 591 137 95 95 NUM cblr-1746 591 138 minn minn NOUN cblr-1746 591 139 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 592 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 592 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 592 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 592 4 846 846 NUM cblr-1746 592 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 592 6 848–49 848–49 NUM cblr-1746 592 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 592 8 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 592 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 592 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 592 11 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 592 12 today today NOUN cblr-1746 592 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 592 14 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 592 15 have have AUX cblr-1746 592 16 a a DET cblr-1746 592 17 stronger strong ADJ cblr-1746 592 18 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 592 19 they they PRON cblr-1746 592 20 can can AUX cblr-1746 592 21 employ employ VERB cblr-1746 592 22 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 592 23 called call VERB cblr-1746 592 24 on on ADP cblr-1746 592 25 to to PART cblr-1746 592 26 monitor monitor VERB cblr-1746 592 27 abuses abuse NOUN cblr-1746 592 28 in in ADP cblr-1746 592 29 executive executive ADJ cblr-1746 592 30 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 592 31 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 592 32 the the DET cblr-1746 592 33 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 592 34 duties duty NOUN cblr-1746 592 35 of of ADP cblr-1746 592 36 officers officer NOUN cblr-1746 592 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 592 38 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 592 39 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 592 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 593 1 158 158 NUM cblr-1746 593 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 593 3 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 593 4 in in ADP cblr-1746 593 5 re re PRON cblr-1746 593 6 caremark caremark PROPN cblr-1746 593 7 int’l int’l PROPN cblr-1746 593 8 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 593 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 593 10 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 593 11 litig litig NOUN cblr-1746 593 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 594 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 594 2 698 698 NUM cblr-1746 594 3 a.2d a.2d NUM cblr-1746 594 4 959 959 NUM cblr-1746 594 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 594 6 del del PROPN cblr-1746 594 7 . . PROPN cblr-1746 594 8 ch ch PROPN cblr-1746 594 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 594 10 1996 1996 NUM cblr-1746 594 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 594 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 594 13 holding hold VERB cblr-1746 594 14 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 594 15 there there PRON cblr-1746 594 16 was be VERB cblr-1746 594 17 not not PART cblr-1746 594 18 enough enough ADJ cblr-1746 594 19 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 594 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 594 21 a a DET cblr-1746 594 22 sustained sustained ADJ cblr-1746 594 23 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 594 24 systematic systematic ADJ cblr-1746 594 25 failure failure NOUN cblr-1746 594 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 594 27 the the DET cblr-1746 594 28 board board NOUN cblr-1746 594 29 of of ADP cblr-1746 594 30 directors director NOUN cblr-1746 594 31 to to PART cblr-1746 594 32 exercise exercise VERB cblr-1746 594 33 oversight oversight NOUN cblr-1746 594 34 to to PART cblr-1746 594 35 sustain sustain VERB cblr-1746 594 36 a a DET cblr-1746 594 37 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 594 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 594 39 breach breach NOUN cblr-1746 594 40 of of ADP cblr-1746 594 41 duty duty NOUN cblr-1746 594 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 594 43 care care NOUN cblr-1746 594 44 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 594 45 good good ADJ cblr-1746 594 46 faith faith NOUN cblr-1746 594 47 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 594 48 the the DET cblr-1746 594 49 corporation corporation NOUN cblr-1746 594 50 failed fail VERB cblr-1746 594 51 to to PART cblr-1746 594 52 come come VERB cblr-1746 594 53 into into ADP cblr-1746 594 54 compliance compliance NOUN cblr-1746 594 55 with with ADP cblr-1746 594 56 government government NOUN cblr-1746 594 57 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 594 58 prohibiting prohibit VERB cblr-1746 594 59 collusive collusive ADJ cblr-1746 594 60 relationship relationship NOUN cblr-1746 594 61 between between ADP cblr-1746 594 62 patient patient NOUN cblr-1746 594 63 care care NOUN cblr-1746 594 64 providers provider NOUN cblr-1746 594 65 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 594 66 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 594 67 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 594 68 see see VERB cblr-1746 594 69 also also ADV cblr-1746 594 70 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 594 71 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 594 72 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 594 73 mcpadden mcpadden PROPN cblr-1746 594 74 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 594 75 sidhu sidhu PROPN cblr-1746 594 76 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 594 77 964 964 NUM cblr-1746 594 78 a.2d a.2d SYM cblr-1746 594 79 1262 1262 NUM cblr-1746 594 80 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 594 81 del del PROPN cblr-1746 594 82 . . PROPN cblr-1746 594 83 ch ch PROPN cblr-1746 594 84 . . PROPN cblr-1746 594 85 2008 2008 NUM cblr-1746 594 86 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 594 87 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 594 88 holding hold VERB cblr-1746 594 89 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 594 90 the the DET cblr-1746 594 91 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 594 92 had have AUX cblr-1746 594 93 sufficiently sufficiently ADV cblr-1746 594 94 alleged allege VERB cblr-1746 594 95 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 594 96 the the DET cblr-1746 594 97 board board NOUN cblr-1746 594 98 of of ADP cblr-1746 594 99 directors director NOUN cblr-1746 594 100 negligently negligently ADV cblr-1746 594 101 permitted permit VERB cblr-1746 594 102 a a DET cblr-1746 594 103 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 594 104 officer officer NOUN cblr-1746 594 105 to to PART cblr-1746 594 106 arrange arrange VERB cblr-1746 594 107 an an DET cblr-1746 594 108 auction auction NOUN cblr-1746 594 109 for for ADP cblr-1746 594 110 one one NUM cblr-1746 594 111 of of ADP cblr-1746 594 112 the the DET cblr-1746 594 113 corporation corporation NOUN cblr-1746 594 114 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 594 115 subsidiaries subsidiary NOUN cblr-1746 594 116 that that PRON cblr-1746 594 117 excluded exclude VERB cblr-1746 594 118 a a DET cblr-1746 594 119 number number NOUN cblr-1746 594 120 of of ADP cblr-1746 594 121 bidders bidder NOUN cblr-1746 594 122 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 594 123 allowed allow VERB cblr-1746 594 124 the the DET cblr-1746 594 125 officer officer NOUN cblr-1746 594 126 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 594 127 ally ally NOUN cblr-1746 594 128 to to PART cblr-1746 594 129 purchase purchase VERB cblr-1746 594 130 the the DET cblr-1746 594 131 subsidiary subsidiary NOUN cblr-1746 594 132 well well ADV cblr-1746 594 133 below below ADP cblr-1746 594 134 market market NOUN cblr-1746 594 135 value value NOUN cblr-1746 594 136 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 594 137 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 595 1 159 159 NUM cblr-1746 595 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 595 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 595 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 595 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 595 6 gallus gallus X cblr-1746 595 7 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 595 8 ameriprise ameriprise PROPN cblr-1746 595 9 fin fin PROPN cblr-1746 595 10 . . PROPN cblr-1746 595 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 595 12 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 595 13 . . PROPN cblr-1746 595 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 595 15 561 561 NUM cblr-1746 595 16 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 595 17 816 816 NUM cblr-1746 595 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 595 19 823 823 NUM cblr-1746 595 20 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 595 21 8th 8th ADJ cblr-1746 595 22 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 595 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 595 24 2009 2009 NUM cblr-1746 595 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 595 26 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 595 27 holding hold VERB cblr-1746 595 28 that that PRON cblr-1746 595 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 595 30 particularly particularly ADV cblr-1746 595 31 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 595 32 it it PRON cblr-1746 595 33 concerns concern VERB cblr-1746 595 34 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 595 35 negotiations negotiation NOUN cblr-1746 595 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 595 37 there there PRON cblr-1746 595 38 is be VERB cblr-1746 595 39 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 595 40 a a DET cblr-1746 595 41 duty duty NOUN cblr-1746 595 42 to to PART cblr-1746 595 43 be be AUX cblr-1746 595 44 honest honest ADJ cblr-1746 595 45 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 595 46 transparent transparent ADJ cblr-1746 595 47 throughout throughout ADP cblr-1746 595 48 the the DET cblr-1746 595 49 negotiation negotiation NOUN cblr-1746 595 50 process process NOUN cblr-1746 595 51 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 595 52 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 595 53 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 596 1 160 160 NUM cblr-1746 596 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 596 3 edward edward PROPN cblr-1746 596 4 b. b. PROPN cblr-1746 596 5 rock rock PROPN cblr-1746 596 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 596 7 the the DET cblr-1746 596 8 logic logic NOUN cblr-1746 596 9 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 596 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 596 11 uncertain uncertain ADJ cblr-1746 596 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 596 13 significance significance NOUN cblr-1746 596 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 596 15 institutional institutional ADJ cblr-1746 596 16 shareholder shareholder NOUN cblr-1746 596 17 activism activism NOUN cblr-1746 596 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 596 19 79 79 NUM cblr-1746 596 20 geo geo PROPN cblr-1746 596 21 . . PROPN cblr-1746 596 22 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 596 23 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 596 24 445 445 PROPN cblr-1746 596 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 596 26 454 454 NUM cblr-1746 596 27 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 596 28 n.29 n.29 NOUN cblr-1746 596 29 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 596 30 1991 1991 NUM cblr-1746 596 31 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 596 32 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 596 33 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 596 34 disciplining discipline VERB cblr-1746 596 35 management management NOUN cblr-1746 596 36 remains remain VERB cblr-1746 596 37 necessary necessary ADJ cblr-1746 596 38 to to PART cblr-1746 596 39 ensure ensure VERB cblr-1746 596 40 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 596 41 the the DET cblr-1746 596 42 managers manager NOUN cblr-1746 596 43 manage manage VERB cblr-1746 596 44 the the DET cblr-1746 596 45 corporation corporation NOUN cblr-1746 596 46 effectively effectively ADV cblr-1746 596 47 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 596 48 in in ADP cblr-1746 596 49 the the DET cblr-1746 596 50 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 596 51 of of ADP cblr-1746 596 52 shareholders shareholder NOUN cblr-1746 596 53 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 597 1 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 597 2 discipline discipline NOUN cblr-1746 597 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 597 4 a a DET cblr-1746 597 5 classic classic ADJ cblr-1746 597 6 collective collective ADJ cblr-1746 597 7 good good NOUN cblr-1746 597 8 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 597 9 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 597 10 it it PRON cblr-1746 597 11 prevents prevent VERB cblr-1746 597 12 managers manager NOUN cblr-1746 597 13 from from ADP cblr-1746 597 14 diverting divert VERB cblr-1746 597 15 profits profit NOUN cblr-1746 597 16 from from ADP cblr-1746 597 17 shareholders shareholder NOUN cblr-1746 597 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 597 19 all all DET cblr-1746 597 20 the the DET cblr-1746 597 21 shareholders shareholder NOUN cblr-1746 597 22 benefit benefit VERB cblr-1746 597 23 in in ADP cblr-1746 597 24 the the DET cblr-1746 597 25 form form NOUN cblr-1746 597 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 597 27 higher high ADJ cblr-1746 597 28 earnings earning NOUN cblr-1746 597 29 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 597 30 share share NOUN cblr-1746 597 31 prices price NOUN cblr-1746 597 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 597 33 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 597 34 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 597 35 not not PART cblr-1746 597 36 they they PRON cblr-1746 597 37 contribute contribute VERB cblr-1746 597 38 to to ADP cblr-1746 597 39 the the DET cblr-1746 597 40 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 597 41 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 597 42 final final ADJ cblr-1746 597 43 782 782 NUM cblr-1746 597 44 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 597 45 business business NOUN cblr-1746 597 46 law law PROPN cblr-1746 597 47 review review NOUN cblr-1746 597 48 [ [ X cblr-1746 597 49 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 597 50 . . NOUN cblr-1746 597 51 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 597 52 for for ADP cblr-1746 597 53 example example NOUN cblr-1746 597 54 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 597 55 judges judge NOUN cblr-1746 597 56 fill fill VERB cblr-1746 597 57 gaps gap NOUN cblr-1746 597 58 in in ADP cblr-1746 597 59 contracts contract NOUN cblr-1746 597 60 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 597 61 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 597 62 agreements agreement NOUN cblr-1746 597 63 for for ADP cblr-1746 597 64 which which PRON cblr-1746 597 65 exhaustive exhaustive ADJ cblr-1746 597 66 ex ex PRON cblr-1746 597 67 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 597 68 contracting contracting NOUN cblr-1746 597 69 might might AUX cblr-1746 597 70 have have AUX cblr-1746 597 71 been be AUX cblr-1746 597 72 unavailable unavailable ADJ cblr-1746 597 73 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 597 74 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 597 75 posed pose VERB cblr-1746 597 76 unduly unduly ADV cblr-1746 597 77 burdensome burdensome ADJ cblr-1746 597 78 transaction transaction NOUN cblr-1746 597 79 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 597 80 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 597 81 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 597 82 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 597 83 also also ADV cblr-1746 597 84 evaluate evaluate VERB cblr-1746 597 85 various various ADJ cblr-1746 597 86 contract contract NOUN cblr-1746 597 87 terms term NOUN cblr-1746 597 88 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 597 89 including include VERB cblr-1746 597 90 those those PRON cblr-1746 597 91 related relate VERB cblr-1746 597 92 to to ADP cblr-1746 597 93 compensation.161 compensation.161 VERB cblr-1746 597 94 in in ADP cblr-1746 597 95 the the DET cblr-1746 597 96 same same ADJ cblr-1746 597 97 vein vein NOUN cblr-1746 597 98 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 597 99 a a DET cblr-1746 597 100 vast vast ADJ cblr-1746 597 101 body body NOUN cblr-1746 597 102 of of ADP cblr-1746 597 103 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 597 104 law law NOUN cblr-1746 597 105 guides guide VERB cblr-1746 597 106 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 597 107 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 597 108 determining determine VERB cblr-1746 597 109 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 597 110 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 597 111 fiduciaries fiduciary NOUN cblr-1746 597 112 act act VERB cblr-1746 597 113 in in ADP cblr-1746 597 114 good good ADJ cblr-1746 597 115 faith faith NOUN cblr-1746 597 116 vis vis X cblr-1746 597 117 - - X cblr-1746 597 118 à à X cblr-1746 597 119 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 597 120 vis vis X cblr-1746 597 121 their their PRON cblr-1746 597 122 principals principal NOUN cblr-1746 597 123 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 597 124 interests.162 interests.162 NOUN cblr-1746 597 125 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 597 126 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 598 1 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 598 2 fit fit PROPN cblr-1746 598 3 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 598 4 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 598 5 given give VERB cblr-1746 598 6 the the DET cblr-1746 598 7 dominance dominance NOUN cblr-1746 598 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 598 9 the the DET cblr-1746 598 10 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 598 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 598 12 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 598 13 framework,163 framework,163 NOUN cblr-1746 598 14 it it PRON cblr-1746 598 15 is be AUX cblr-1746 598 16 not not PART cblr-1746 598 17 difficult difficult ADJ cblr-1746 598 18 to to PART cblr-1746 598 19 identify identify VERB cblr-1746 598 20 a a DET cblr-1746 598 21 line line NOUN cblr-1746 598 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 598 23 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 598 24 that that PRON cblr-1746 598 25 coheres cohere VERB cblr-1746 598 26 to to ADP cblr-1746 598 27 the the DET cblr-1746 598 28 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 598 29 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 598 30 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 598 31 prescription prescription NOUN cblr-1746 598 32 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 598 33 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 598 34 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 598 35 be be AUX cblr-1746 598 36 aggressively aggressively ADV cblr-1746 598 37 regulated regulate VERB cblr-1746 598 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 599 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 599 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 599 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 599 4 the the DET cblr-1746 599 5 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 599 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 599 7 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 599 8 structures structure NOUN cblr-1746 599 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 599 10 fits fit VERB cblr-1746 599 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 599 12 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 600 1 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 600 2 aggressively aggressively ADV cblr-1746 600 3 review review VERB cblr-1746 600 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 600 5 counsels counsel NOUN cblr-1746 600 6 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 600 7 compensation164 compensation164 PROPN cblr-1746 600 8 for for ADP cblr-1746 600 9 reasons reason NOUN cblr-1746 600 10 that that PRON cblr-1746 600 11 suggest suggest VERB cblr-1746 600 12 an an DET cblr-1746 600 13 implicit implicit ADJ cblr-1746 600 14 adherence adherence NOUN cblr-1746 600 15 to to ADP cblr-1746 600 16 the the DET cblr-1746 600 17 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 600 18 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 600 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 601 1 as as ADP cblr-1746 601 2 a a DET cblr-1746 601 3 baseline baseline NOUN cblr-1746 601 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 601 5 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 601 6 is be AUX cblr-1746 601 7 a a DET cblr-1746 601 8 matter matter NOUN cblr-1746 601 9 that that PRON cblr-1746 601 10 concerns concern VERB cblr-1746 601 11 the the DET cblr-1746 601 12 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 601 13 workings working NOUN cblr-1746 601 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 601 15 a a DET cblr-1746 601 16 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 601 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 602 1 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 602 2 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 602 3 recognizes recognize VERB cblr-1746 602 4 as as ADV cblr-1746 602 5 much much ADV cblr-1746 602 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 602 7 assigning assign VERB cblr-1746 602 8 the the DET cblr-1746 602 9 court court NOUN cblr-1746 602 10 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 602 11 power power NOUN cblr-1746 602 12 both both PRON cblr-1746 602 13 to to PART cblr-1746 602 14 approve approve VERB cblr-1746 602 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 602 16 counsel165 counsel165 X cblr-1746 602 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 602 18 calibrate calibrate VERB cblr-1746 602 19 compensation.166 compensation.166 NOUN cblr-1746 602 20 this this DET cblr-1746 602 21 breaks break NOUN cblr-1746 602 22 with with ADP cblr-1746 602 23 the the DET cblr-1746 602 24 american american ADJ cblr-1746 602 25 system system NOUN cblr-1746 602 26 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 602 27 general general ADJ cblr-1746 602 28 preference preference NOUN cblr-1746 602 29 for for ADP cblr-1746 602 30 freedom freedom NOUN cblr-1746 602 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 602 32 discipline discipline NOUN cblr-1746 602 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 602 34 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 602 35 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 602 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 603 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 603 2 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 603 3 bernard bernard PROPN cblr-1746 603 4 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 603 5 black black PROPN cblr-1746 603 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 603 7 shareholder shareholder NOUN cblr-1746 603 8 passivity passivity NOUN cblr-1746 603 9 reexamined reexamine VERB cblr-1746 603 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 603 11 89 89 NUM cblr-1746 603 12 mich mich PROPN cblr-1746 603 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 604 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 604 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 604 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 605 1 520 520 NUM cblr-1746 605 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 605 3 1990 1990 NUM cblr-1746 605 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 605 5 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 606 1 frank frank PROPN cblr-1746 606 2 h. h. PROPN cblr-1746 606 3 easterbrook easterbrook PROPN cblr-1746 606 4 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 606 5 daniel daniel PROPN cblr-1746 606 6 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 606 7 fischel fischel PROPN cblr-1746 606 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 606 9 voting vote VERB cblr-1746 606 10 in in ADP cblr-1746 606 11 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 606 12 law law NOUN cblr-1746 606 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 606 14 26 26 NUM cblr-1746 606 15 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 606 16 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 606 17 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 606 18 econ econ PROPN cblr-1746 606 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 607 1 395 395 NUM cblr-1746 607 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 607 3 1983 1983 NUM cblr-1746 607 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 607 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 608 1 161 161 NUM cblr-1746 608 2 see see NOUN cblr-1746 608 3 restatement restatement NOUN cblr-1746 608 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 608 5 second second ADJ cblr-1746 608 6 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 608 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 608 8 contracts contract NOUN cblr-1746 608 9 § § PROPN cblr-1746 608 10 204 204 NUM cblr-1746 608 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 608 12 am am NOUN cblr-1746 608 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 609 1 law law NOUN cblr-1746 609 2 inst inst PROPN cblr-1746 609 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 609 4 1981 1981 NUM cblr-1746 609 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 609 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 610 1 162 162 NUM cblr-1746 610 2 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 610 3 speaking speak VERB cblr-1746 610 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 610 5 a a DET cblr-1746 610 6 court court NOUN cblr-1746 610 7 may may AUX cblr-1746 610 8 hold hold VERB cblr-1746 610 9 an an DET cblr-1746 610 10 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 610 11 liable liable ADJ cblr-1746 610 12 for for ADP cblr-1746 610 13 acting act VERB cblr-1746 610 14 intentionally intentionally ADV cblr-1746 610 15 with with ADP cblr-1746 610 16 a a DET cblr-1746 610 17 purpose purpose NOUN cblr-1746 610 18 other other ADJ cblr-1746 610 19 than than ADP cblr-1746 610 20 the the DET cblr-1746 610 21 best good ADJ cblr-1746 610 22 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 610 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 610 24 the the DET cblr-1746 610 25 principals principal NOUN cblr-1746 610 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 610 27 violating violate VERB cblr-1746 610 28 applicable applicable ADJ cblr-1746 610 29 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 610 30 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 610 31 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 610 32 laws law NOUN cblr-1746 610 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 610 34 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 610 35 intentionally intentionally ADV cblr-1746 610 36 failing fail VERB cblr-1746 610 37 to to PART cblr-1746 610 38 act act VERB cblr-1746 610 39 in in ADP cblr-1746 610 40 the the DET cblr-1746 610 41 face face NOUN cblr-1746 610 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 610 43 a a DET cblr-1746 610 44 duty duty NOUN cblr-1746 610 45 to to PART cblr-1746 610 46 act act VERB cblr-1746 610 47 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 611 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 611 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 611 3 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 611 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 611 5 in in ADP cblr-1746 611 6 re re ADP cblr-1746 611 7 the the DET cblr-1746 611 8 walt walt PROPN cblr-1746 611 9 disney disney PROPN cblr-1746 611 10 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 611 11 derivative derivative ADJ cblr-1746 611 12 litig litig NOUN cblr-1746 611 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 612 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 612 2 825 825 NUM cblr-1746 612 3 a.2d a.2d PUNCT cblr-1746 612 4 at at ADP cblr-1746 612 5 286 286 NUM cblr-1746 612 6 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 612 7 stone stone NOUN cblr-1746 612 8 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 612 9 ritter ritter PROPN cblr-1746 612 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 612 11 911 911 NUM cblr-1746 612 12 a.2d a.2d SYM cblr-1746 612 13 362 362 NUM cblr-1746 612 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 612 15 370 370 NUM cblr-1746 612 16 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 612 17 del del PROPN cblr-1746 612 18 . . NOUN cblr-1746 612 19 2006 2006 NUM cblr-1746 612 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 612 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 613 1 163 163 NUM cblr-1746 613 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 613 3 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 613 4 section section PROPN cblr-1746 613 5 ii.b ii.b PROPN cblr-1746 613 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 614 1 164 164 NUM cblr-1746 614 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 614 3 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 614 4 section section PROPN cblr-1746 614 5 ii.b.1 ii.b.1 PROPN cblr-1746 614 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 615 1 165 165 NUM cblr-1746 615 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 615 3 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 615 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 616 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 616 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 616 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 617 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 617 2 23(g 23(g NUM cblr-1746 617 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 618 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 618 2 concerning concern VERB cblr-1746 618 3 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 618 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 618 5 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 618 6 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 618 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 618 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 619 1 166 166 NUM cblr-1746 619 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 619 3 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 619 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 620 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 620 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 620 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 621 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 621 2 23(h 23(h NUM cblr-1746 621 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 621 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 621 5 concerning concern VERB cblr-1746 621 6 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 621 7 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 621 8 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 621 9 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 621 10 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 621 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 621 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 622 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 622 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 622 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 622 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 622 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 623 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 623 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 623 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 623 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 623 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 623 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 623 7 783 783 NUM cblr-1746 623 8 contract167 contract167 ADJ cblr-1746 623 9 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 623 10 unencumbered unencumbered ADJ cblr-1746 623 11 settlement.168 settlement.168 NOUN cblr-1746 623 12 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 623 13 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 623 14 suspends suspend VERB cblr-1746 623 15 these these DET cblr-1746 623 16 background background NOUN cblr-1746 623 17 principles principle NOUN cblr-1746 623 18 on on ADP cblr-1746 623 19 the the DET cblr-1746 623 20 understanding understanding NOUN cblr-1746 623 21 that that PRON cblr-1746 623 22 the the DET cblr-1746 623 23 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 623 24 dynamics dynamic NOUN cblr-1746 623 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 623 26 a a DET cblr-1746 623 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 623 28 action action NOUN cblr-1746 623 29 foster foster VERB cblr-1746 623 30 a a DET cblr-1746 623 31 particular particular ADJ cblr-1746 623 32 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 623 33 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 623 34 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 623 35 market market NOUN cblr-1746 623 36 failure failure NOUN cblr-1746 623 37 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 623 38 the the DET cblr-1746 623 39 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 623 40 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 623 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 624 1 absent absent ADJ cblr-1746 624 2 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 624 3 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 624 4 lacking lack VERB cblr-1746 624 5 an an DET cblr-1746 624 6 obvious obvious ADJ cblr-1746 624 7 means mean NOUN cblr-1746 624 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 624 9 ex ex ADJ cblr-1746 624 10 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 624 11 contracting contracting NOUN cblr-1746 624 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 624 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 624 14 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 624 15 might might AUX cblr-1746 624 16 negotiate negotiate VERB cblr-1746 624 17 an an DET cblr-1746 624 18 undeservedly undeservedly ADV cblr-1746 624 19 high high ADJ cblr-1746 624 20 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 624 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 624 22 siphon siphon VERB cblr-1746 624 23 off off ADP cblr-1746 624 24 funds fund NOUN cblr-1746 624 25 rightly rightly ADV cblr-1746 624 26 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 624 27 to to ADP cblr-1746 624 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 624 29 members member NOUN cblr-1746 624 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 624 31 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 624 32 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 624 33 sell sell VERB cblr-1746 624 34 out out ADP cblr-1746 624 35 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 624 36 the the DET cblr-1746 624 37 value value NOUN cblr-1746 624 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 624 39 the the DET cblr-1746 624 40 class class NOUN cblr-1746 624 41 members member NOUN cblr-1746 624 42 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 624 43 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 624 44 in in ADP cblr-1746 624 45 a a DET cblr-1746 624 46 reverse reverse NOUN cblr-1746 624 47 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 624 48 auction auction NOUN cblr-1746 624 49 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 624 50 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 625 1 one one PRON cblr-1746 625 2 can can AUX cblr-1746 625 3 imagine imagine VERB cblr-1746 625 4 several several ADJ cblr-1746 625 5 market market NOUN cblr-1746 625 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 625 7 mimicking mimic VERB cblr-1746 625 8 mechanisms mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 625 9 that that PRON cblr-1746 625 10 might might AUX cblr-1746 625 11 resolve resolve VERB cblr-1746 625 12 this this DET cblr-1746 625 13 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 625 14 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 625 15 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 625 16 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 625 17 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 625 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 625 19 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 625 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 625 21 however however ADV cblr-1746 625 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 625 23 each each PRON cblr-1746 625 24 is be AUX cblr-1746 625 25 unavailing unavaile VERB cblr-1746 625 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 626 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 626 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 626 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 626 4 one one PRON cblr-1746 626 5 might might AUX cblr-1746 626 6 rely rely VERB cblr-1746 626 7 on on ADP cblr-1746 626 8 the the DET cblr-1746 626 9 reputational reputational ADJ cblr-1746 626 10 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 626 11 that that PRON cblr-1746 626 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 626 13 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 626 14 incurs incur VERB cblr-1746 626 15 by by ADP cblr-1746 626 16 raiding raid VERB cblr-1746 626 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 626 18 members member NOUN cblr-1746 626 19 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 626 20 coffer coffer NOUN cblr-1746 626 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 627 1 presumably presumably ADV cblr-1746 627 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 627 3 such such ADJ cblr-1746 627 4 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 627 5 would would AUX cblr-1746 627 6 signal signal VERB cblr-1746 627 7 to to ADP cblr-1746 627 8 the the DET cblr-1746 627 9 market market NOUN cblr-1746 627 10 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 627 11 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 627 12 future future ADJ cblr-1746 627 13 clients client NOUN cblr-1746 627 14 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 627 15 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 627 16 an an DET cblr-1746 627 17 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 627 18 should should AUX cblr-1746 627 19 be be AUX cblr-1746 627 20 avoided.169 avoided.169 PROPN cblr-1746 627 21 however however ADV cblr-1746 627 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 627 23 absent absent ADJ cblr-1746 627 24 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 627 25 intervention intervention NOUN cblr-1746 627 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 627 27 this this PRON cblr-1746 627 28 is be AUX cblr-1746 627 29 simply simply ADV cblr-1746 627 30 question question NOUN cblr-1746 627 31 begging begging NOUN cblr-1746 627 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 627 33 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 627 34 it it PRON cblr-1746 627 35 is be AUX cblr-1746 627 36 unclear unclear ADJ cblr-1746 627 37 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 627 38 the the DET cblr-1746 627 39 167 167 NUM cblr-1746 627 40 see see NOUN cblr-1746 627 41 elizabeth elizabeth PROPN cblr-1746 627 42 e. e. PROPN cblr-1746 627 43 spainhour spainhour PROPN cblr-1746 627 44 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 627 45 unsealing unseal VERB cblr-1746 627 46 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 627 47 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 627 48 recent recent ADJ cblr-1746 627 49 efforts effort NOUN cblr-1746 627 50 to to PART cblr-1746 627 51 expose expose VERB cblr-1746 627 52 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 627 53 agreements agreement NOUN cblr-1746 627 54 that that PRON cblr-1746 627 55 conceal conceal VERB cblr-1746 627 56 public public ADJ cblr-1746 627 57 hazards hazard NOUN cblr-1746 627 58 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 627 59 82 82 NUM cblr-1746 627 60 n.c n.c PROPN cblr-1746 627 61 . . PROPN cblr-1746 627 62 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 627 63 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 627 64 . . PROPN cblr-1746 627 65 2155 2155 NUM cblr-1746 627 66 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 627 67 2165 2165 NUM cblr-1746 627 68 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 627 69 2004 2004 NUM cblr-1746 627 70 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 627 71 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 627 72 noting note VERB cblr-1746 627 73 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 627 74 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 627 75 traditionally traditionally ADV cblr-1746 627 76 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 627 77 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 627 78 notions notion NOUN cblr-1746 627 79 of of ADP cblr-1746 627 80 freedom freedom NOUN cblr-1746 627 81 of of ADP cblr-1746 627 82 contract contract NOUN cblr-1746 627 83 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 627 84 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 627 85 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 628 1 support support NOUN cblr-1746 628 2 arguments argument NOUN cblr-1746 628 3 in in ADP cblr-1746 628 4 favor favor NOUN cblr-1746 628 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 628 6 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 628 7 confidentiality confidentiality NOUN cblr-1746 628 8 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 628 9 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 628 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 628 11 freedom freedom NOUN cblr-1746 628 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 628 13 contract contract NOUN cblr-1746 628 14 is be AUX cblr-1746 628 15 a a DET cblr-1746 628 16 time time NOUN cblr-1746 628 17 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 628 18 honored honor VERB cblr-1746 628 19 tradition tradition NOUN cblr-1746 628 20 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 628 21 judges judge NOUN cblr-1746 628 22 do do AUX cblr-1746 628 23 not not PART cblr-1746 628 24 cursorily cursorily ADV cblr-1746 628 25 set set VERB cblr-1746 628 26 aside aside ADV cblr-1746 628 27 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 628 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 628 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 629 1 168 168 NUM cblr-1746 629 2 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 629 3 23(e 23(e NUM cblr-1746 629 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 629 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 629 6 which which PRON cblr-1746 629 7 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 629 8 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 629 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 629 10 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 629 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 629 12 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 629 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 629 14 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 629 15 defenses defense NOUN cblr-1746 629 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 629 17 a a DET cblr-1746 629 18 certified certify VERB cblr-1746 629 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 629 20 may may AUX cblr-1746 629 21 be be AUX cblr-1746 629 22 settled settle VERB cblr-1746 629 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 629 24 voluntarily voluntarily ADV cblr-1746 629 25 dismissed dismiss VERB cblr-1746 629 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 629 27 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 629 28 compromised compromise VERB cblr-1746 629 29 only only ADV cblr-1746 629 30 with with ADP cblr-1746 629 31 the the DET cblr-1746 629 32 court court NOUN cblr-1746 629 33 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 629 34 approval approval NOUN cblr-1746 629 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 629 36 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 629 37 is be AUX cblr-1746 629 38 a a DET cblr-1746 629 39 notable notable ADJ cblr-1746 629 40 exception exception NOUN cblr-1746 629 41 to to ADP cblr-1746 629 42 the the DET cblr-1746 629 43 judiciary judiciary NOUN cblr-1746 629 44 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 629 45 general general ADJ cblr-1746 629 46 preference preference NOUN cblr-1746 629 47 for for ADP cblr-1746 629 48 quick quick ADJ cblr-1746 629 49 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 629 50 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 629 51 embodied embody VERB cblr-1746 629 52 in in ADP cblr-1746 629 53 the the DET cblr-1746 629 54 federal federal ADJ cblr-1746 629 55 rules rule NOUN cblr-1746 629 56 of of ADP cblr-1746 629 57 civil civil ADJ cblr-1746 629 58 procedure procedure NOUN cblr-1746 629 59 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 629 60 which which PRON cblr-1746 629 61 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 629 62 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 629 63 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 629 64 [ [ X cblr-1746 629 65 s]ubject s]ubject ADJ cblr-1746 629 66 to to ADP cblr-1746 629 67 rules rule NOUN cblr-1746 629 68 23(e 23(e NUM cblr-1746 629 69 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 629 70 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 629 71 23.1(c 23.1(c NUM cblr-1746 629 72 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 629 73 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 630 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 630 2 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 630 3 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 630 4 23.2 23.2 NUM cblr-1746 630 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 630 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 630 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 631 1 the the DET cblr-1746 631 2 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 631 3 may may AUX cblr-1746 631 4 dismiss dismiss VERB cblr-1746 631 5 an an DET cblr-1746 631 6 action action NOUN cblr-1746 631 7 without without ADP cblr-1746 631 8 a a DET cblr-1746 631 9 court court NOUN cblr-1746 631 10 order order NOUN cblr-1746 631 11 by by ADP cblr-1746 631 12 filing file VERB cblr-1746 631 13 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 631 14 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 631 15 i i NOUN cblr-1746 631 16 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 631 17 a a DET cblr-1746 631 18 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 631 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 631 20 dismissal dismissal NOUN cblr-1746 631 21 before before SCONJ cblr-1746 631 22 the the DET cblr-1746 631 23 opposing opposing ADJ cblr-1746 631 24 party party NOUN cblr-1746 631 25 serves serve VERB cblr-1746 631 26 either either CCONJ cblr-1746 631 27 an an DET cblr-1746 631 28 answer answer NOUN cblr-1746 631 29 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 631 30 a a DET cblr-1746 631 31 motion motion NOUN cblr-1746 631 32 for for ADP cblr-1746 631 33 summary summary NOUN cblr-1746 631 34 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 631 35 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 631 36 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 631 37 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 631 38 ii ii NOUN cblr-1746 631 39 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 631 40 a a DET cblr-1746 631 41 stipulation stipulation NOUN cblr-1746 631 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 631 43 dismissal dismissal NOUN cblr-1746 631 44 signed sign VERB cblr-1746 631 45 by by ADP cblr-1746 631 46 all all DET cblr-1746 631 47 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 631 48 who who PRON cblr-1746 631 49 have have AUX cblr-1746 631 50 appeared appear VERB cblr-1746 631 51 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 631 52 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 632 1 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 632 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 633 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 633 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 633 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 634 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 634 2 41 41 NUM cblr-1746 634 3 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 634 4 see see VERB cblr-1746 634 5 also also ADV cblr-1746 634 6 7b 7b PROPN cblr-1746 634 7 wright wright PROPN cblr-1746 634 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 634 9 miller miller PROPN cblr-1746 634 10 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 634 11 kane kane PROPN cblr-1746 634 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 634 13 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 634 14 note note PROPN cblr-1746 634 15 14 14 NUM cblr-1746 634 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 634 17 § § PROPN cblr-1746 634 18 1797 1797 NUM cblr-1746 634 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 634 20 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 634 21 the the DET cblr-1746 634 22 importance importance NOUN cblr-1746 634 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 634 24 the the DET cblr-1746 634 25 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 634 26 23(e 23(e NUM cblr-1746 634 27 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 634 28 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 634 29 is be AUX cblr-1746 634 30 underscored underscore VERB cblr-1746 634 31 by by ADP cblr-1746 634 32 the the DET cblr-1746 634 33 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 634 34 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 634 35 a a DET cblr-1746 634 36 private private ADJ cblr-1746 634 37 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 634 38 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 634 39 compromise compromise NOUN cblr-1746 634 40 for for ADP cblr-1746 634 41 which which PRON cblr-1746 634 42 no no DET cblr-1746 634 43 approval approval NOUN cblr-1746 634 44 is be AUX cblr-1746 634 45 sought seek VERB cblr-1746 634 46 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 634 47 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 634 48 given give VERB cblr-1746 634 49 is be AUX cblr-1746 634 50 not not PART cblr-1746 634 51 effective effective ADJ cblr-1746 634 52 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 634 53 may may AUX cblr-1746 634 54 be be AUX cblr-1746 634 55 ignored ignore VERB cblr-1746 634 56 by by ADP cblr-1746 634 57 the the DET cblr-1746 634 58 court court NOUN cblr-1746 634 59 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 634 60 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 634 61 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 634 62 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 635 1 169 169 NUM cblr-1746 635 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 635 3 hay hay PROPN cblr-1746 635 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 635 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 635 6 note note PROPN cblr-1746 635 7 28 28 NUM cblr-1746 635 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 635 9 at at ADP cblr-1746 635 10 1438 1438 NUM cblr-1746 635 11 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 635 12 n.38 n.38 PROPN cblr-1746 635 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 635 14 arguing argue VERB cblr-1746 635 15 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 635 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 635 17 [ [ X cblr-1746 635 18 i]n i]n VERB cblr-1746 635 19 many many ADJ cblr-1746 635 20 settings setting NOUN cblr-1746 635 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 635 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 635 23 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 635 24 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 635 25 financial financial ADJ cblr-1746 635 26 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 635 27 may may AUX cblr-1746 635 28 not not PART cblr-1746 635 29 diverge diverge VERB cblr-1746 635 30 substantially substantially ADV cblr-1746 635 31 from from ADP cblr-1746 635 32 the the DET cblr-1746 635 33 class class NOUN cblr-1746 635 34 members member NOUN cblr-1746 635 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 635 36 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 635 37 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 635 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 635 39 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 635 40 [ [ X cblr-1746 635 41 f]or f]or ADJ cblr-1746 635 42 example example NOUN cblr-1746 635 43 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 635 44 perhaps perhaps ADV cblr-1746 635 45 the the DET cblr-1746 635 46 class class NOUN cblr-1746 635 47 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 635 48 wants want VERB cblr-1746 635 49 to to PART cblr-1746 635 50 develop develop VERB cblr-1746 635 51 a a DET cblr-1746 635 52 professional professional ADJ cblr-1746 635 53 reputation reputation NOUN cblr-1746 635 54 for for ADP cblr-1746 635 55 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN cblr-1746 635 56 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 635 57 which which PRON cblr-1746 635 58 encourages encourage VERB cblr-1746 635 59 him he PRON cblr-1746 635 60 to to PART cblr-1746 635 61 obtain obtain VERB cblr-1746 635 62 large large ADJ cblr-1746 635 63 recoveries recovery NOUN cblr-1746 635 64 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 635 65 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 635 66 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 636 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 636 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 636 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 636 4 784 784 NUM cblr-1746 636 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 636 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 636 7 law law NOUN cblr-1746 636 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 637 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 637 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 637 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 637 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 637 5 market market NOUN cblr-1746 637 6 will will AUX cblr-1746 637 7 detect detect VERB cblr-1746 637 8 the the DET cblr-1746 637 9 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 637 10 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 637 11 misconduct misconduct NOUN cblr-1746 637 12 in in ADP cblr-1746 637 13 the the DET cblr-1746 637 14 first first ADJ cblr-1746 637 15 instance instance NOUN cblr-1746 637 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 638 1 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 638 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 638 3 this this DET cblr-1746 638 4 market market NOUN cblr-1746 638 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 638 6 based base VERB cblr-1746 638 7 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 638 8 presumes presume VERB cblr-1746 638 9 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 638 10 future future ADJ cblr-1746 638 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 638 12 members member NOUN cblr-1746 638 13 select select VERB cblr-1746 638 14 the the DET cblr-1746 638 15 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 638 16 with with ADP cblr-1746 638 17 whom whom PRON cblr-1746 638 18 they they PRON cblr-1746 638 19 work work VERB cblr-1746 638 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 638 21 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 638 22 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 638 23 they they PRON cblr-1746 638 24 do do VERB cblr-1746 638 25 so so ADV cblr-1746 638 26 with with ADP cblr-1746 638 27 something something PRON cblr-1746 638 28 approaching approach VERB cblr-1746 638 29 complete complete ADJ cblr-1746 638 30 information.170 information.170 PRON cblr-1746 638 31 not not PART cblr-1746 638 32 only only ADV cblr-1746 638 33 does do AUX cblr-1746 638 34 that that PRON cblr-1746 638 35 rarely rarely ADV cblr-1746 638 36 take take VERB cblr-1746 638 37 place place NOUN cblr-1746 638 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 638 39 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 638 40 it it PRON cblr-1746 638 41 is be AUX cblr-1746 638 42 in in ADP cblr-1746 638 43 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 638 44 far far ADV cblr-1746 638 45 more more ADV cblr-1746 638 46 likely likely ADJ cblr-1746 638 47 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 638 48 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 638 49 will will AUX cblr-1746 638 50 ultimately ultimately ADV cblr-1746 638 51 select select VERB cblr-1746 638 52 the the DET cblr-1746 638 53 class class NOUN cblr-1746 638 54 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 638 55 with with ADP cblr-1746 638 56 whom whom PRON cblr-1746 638 57 they they PRON cblr-1746 638 58 prefer prefer VERB cblr-1746 638 59 to to PART cblr-1746 638 60 deal.171 deal.171 VERB cblr-1746 638 61 market market NOUN cblr-1746 638 62 forces force NOUN cblr-1746 638 63 unavailing unavaile VERB cblr-1746 638 64 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 638 65 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 638 66 intervention intervention NOUN cblr-1746 638 67 is be AUX cblr-1746 638 68 necessary necessary ADJ cblr-1746 638 69 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 639 1 therefore therefore ADV cblr-1746 639 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 639 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 639 4 carefully carefully ADV cblr-1746 639 5 monitor monitor VERB cblr-1746 639 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 639 7 review review VERB cblr-1746 639 8 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 639 9 pursuant pursuant ADJ cblr-1746 639 10 to to PART cblr-1746 639 11 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 639 12 23(g 23(g NUM cblr-1746 639 13 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 639 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 640 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 640 2 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 640 3 employ employ VERB cblr-1746 640 4 a a DET cblr-1746 640 5 variety variety NOUN cblr-1746 640 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 640 7 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 640 8 structures172 structures172 PROPN cblr-1746 640 9 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 640 10 the the DET cblr-1746 640 11 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 640 12 blend blend NOUN cblr-1746 640 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 640 14 which which PRON cblr-1746 640 15 will will AUX cblr-1746 640 16 be be AUX cblr-1746 640 17 addressed address VERB cblr-1746 640 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 640 19 part part NOUN cblr-1746 640 20 v v NOUN cblr-1746 640 21 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 640 22 few few ADJ cblr-1746 640 23 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 640 24 outright outright ADV cblr-1746 640 25 fail fail VERB cblr-1746 640 26 to to PART cblr-1746 640 27 review review VERB cblr-1746 640 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 640 29 class class NOUN cblr-1746 640 30 counsels counsel NOUN cblr-1746 640 31 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 640 32 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 640 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 641 1 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 641 2 also also ADV cblr-1746 641 3 review review VERB cblr-1746 641 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 641 5 action action NOUN cblr-1746 641 6 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 641 7 to to PART cblr-1746 641 8 ensure ensure VERB cblr-1746 641 9 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 641 10 the the DET cblr-1746 641 11 value value NOUN cblr-1746 641 12 that that PRON cblr-1746 641 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 641 14 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 641 15 negotiates negotiate NOUN cblr-1746 641 16 for for ADP cblr-1746 641 17 their their PRON cblr-1746 641 18 principals principal NOUN cblr-1746 641 19 is be AUX cblr-1746 641 20 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 641 21 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 641 22 proportionate proportionate ADJ cblr-1746 641 23 to to ADP cblr-1746 641 24 the the DET cblr-1746 641 25 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 641 26 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 641 27 compensation.173 compensation.173 NOUN cblr-1746 641 28 to to PART cblr-1746 641 29 aid aid VERB cblr-1746 641 30 in in ADP cblr-1746 641 31 this this DET cblr-1746 641 32 process process NOUN cblr-1746 641 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 641 34 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 641 35 draw draw VERB cblr-1746 641 36 on on ADP cblr-1746 641 37 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 641 38 objectors”—class objectors”—class NOUN cblr-1746 641 39 members member NOUN cblr-1746 641 40 who who PRON cblr-1746 641 41 detect detect VERB cblr-1746 641 42 improprieties impropriety NOUN cblr-1746 641 43 in in ADP cblr-1746 641 44 a a DET cblr-1746 641 45 proposed propose VERB cblr-1746 641 46 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 641 47 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 641 48 are be AUX cblr-1746 641 49 awarded award VERB cblr-1746 641 50 a a DET cblr-1746 641 51 bounty bounty NOUN cblr-1746 641 52 for for ADP cblr-1746 641 53 their their PRON cblr-1746 641 54 services service NOUN cblr-1746 641 55 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 641 56 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 641 57 often often ADV cblr-1746 641 58 hold hold VERB cblr-1746 641 59 170 170 NUM cblr-1746 641 60 see see VERB cblr-1746 641 61 lisa lisa PROPN cblr-1746 641 62 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 641 63 casey casey PROPN cblr-1746 641 64 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 641 65 reforming reform VERB cblr-1746 641 66 securities security NOUN cblr-1746 641 67 class class NOUN cblr-1746 641 68 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 641 69 from from ADP cblr-1746 641 70 the the DET cblr-1746 641 71 bench bench NOUN cblr-1746 641 72 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 641 73 judging judge VERB cblr-1746 641 74 fiduciaries fiduciary NOUN cblr-1746 641 75 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 641 76 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 641 77 judging judging NOUN cblr-1746 641 78 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 641 79 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 641 80 b.y.u b.y.u NOUN cblr-1746 641 81 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 642 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 642 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 642 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 642 4 1239 1239 NUM cblr-1746 642 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 642 6 1268 1268 NUM cblr-1746 642 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 642 8 noting note VERB cblr-1746 642 9 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 642 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 642 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 642 12 the the DET cblr-1746 642 13 context context NOUN cblr-1746 642 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 642 15 most most ADJ cblr-1746 642 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 642 17 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 642 18 involving involve VERB cblr-1746 642 19 small small ADJ cblr-1746 642 20 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 642 21 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 642 22 large large ADJ cblr-1746 642 23 stakes stake NOUN cblr-1746 642 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 642 25 reputational reputational ADJ cblr-1746 642 26 bonding bonding NOUN cblr-1746 642 27 is be AUX cblr-1746 642 28 even even ADV cblr-1746 642 29 more more ADV cblr-1746 642 30 unlikely unlikely ADJ cblr-1746 642 31 to to PART cblr-1746 642 32 affect affect VERB cblr-1746 642 33 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 642 34 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 642 35 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 642 36 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 642 37 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 642 38 class class NOUN cblr-1746 642 39 members member NOUN cblr-1746 642 40 do do AUX cblr-1746 642 41 not not PART cblr-1746 642 42 select select VERB cblr-1746 642 43 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 642 44 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 642 45 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 642 46 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 642 47 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 642 48 initiates initiate VERB cblr-1746 642 49 the the DET cblr-1746 642 50 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 642 51 after after ADP cblr-1746 642 52 finding find VERB cblr-1746 642 53 one one NUM cblr-1746 642 54 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 642 55 more more ADJ cblr-1746 642 56 class class NOUN cblr-1746 642 57 members member NOUN cblr-1746 642 58 to to PART cblr-1746 642 59 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 642 60 the the DET cblr-1746 642 61 class class NOUN cblr-1746 642 62 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 642 63 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 642 64 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 643 1 171 171 NUM cblr-1746 643 2 for for ADP cblr-1746 643 3 a a DET cblr-1746 643 4 related relate VERB cblr-1746 643 5 concept concept NOUN cblr-1746 643 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 643 7 see see VERB cblr-1746 643 8 i i PROPN cblr-1746 643 9 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 643 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 643 11 commenting comment VERB cblr-1746 643 12 on on ADP cblr-1746 643 13 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 643 14 the the DET cblr-1746 643 15 potential potential NOUN cblr-1746 643 16 for for ADP cblr-1746 643 17 a a DET cblr-1746 643 18 multimillion multimillion ADJ cblr-1746 643 19 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 643 20 dollar dollar NOUN cblr-1746 643 21 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 643 22 award award NOUN cblr-1746 643 23 [ [ X cblr-1746 643 24 to to PART cblr-1746 643 25 ] ] PART cblr-1746 643 26 cause cause VERB cblr-1746 643 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 643 28 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 643 29 to to PART cblr-1746 643 30 risk risk VERB cblr-1746 643 31 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 643 32 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 643 33 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 643 34 cash cash NOUN cblr-1746 643 35 in in ADP cblr-1746 643 36 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 643 37 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 643 38 her her PRON cblr-1746 643 39 reputation reputation NOUN cblr-1746 643 40 in in ADP cblr-1746 643 41 exchange exchange NOUN cblr-1746 643 42 for for ADP cblr-1746 643 43 profits profit NOUN cblr-1746 643 44 now now ADV cblr-1746 643 45 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 643 46 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 643 47 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 644 1 172 172 NUM cblr-1746 644 2 the the DET cblr-1746 644 3 vast vast ADJ cblr-1746 644 4 majority majority NOUN cblr-1746 644 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 644 6 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 644 7 employ employ VERB cblr-1746 644 8 either either CCONJ cblr-1746 644 9 a a DET cblr-1746 644 10 percentage percentage NOUN cblr-1746 644 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 644 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 644 13 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 644 14 the the DET cblr-1746 644 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 644 16 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 644 17 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 644 18 lodestar lodestar PROPN cblr-1746 644 19 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 644 20 crosscheck crosscheck NOUN cblr-1746 644 21 model model NOUN cblr-1746 644 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 645 1 in in ADP cblr-1746 645 2 both both DET cblr-1746 645 3 regimes regime NOUN cblr-1746 645 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 645 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 645 6 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 645 7 is be AUX cblr-1746 645 8 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 645 9 compensated compensate VERB cblr-1746 645 10 for for ADP cblr-1746 645 11 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 645 12 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 645 13 incurred incur VERB cblr-1746 645 14 during during ADP cblr-1746 645 15 the the DET cblr-1746 645 16 course course NOUN cblr-1746 645 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 645 18 pursuing pursue VERB cblr-1746 645 19 the the DET cblr-1746 645 20 action action NOUN cblr-1746 645 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 646 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 646 2 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 646 3 notes note NOUN cblr-1746 646 4 48–53 48–53 NOUN cblr-1746 646 5 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 646 6 accompanying accompany VERB cblr-1746 646 7 text text NOUN cblr-1746 646 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 647 1 173 173 NUM cblr-1746 647 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 647 3 in in ADP cblr-1746 647 4 re re NOUN cblr-1746 647 5 pet pet ADJ cblr-1746 647 6 food food NOUN cblr-1746 647 7 prods prod VERB cblr-1746 647 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 648 1 liab liab PROPN cblr-1746 648 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 649 1 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 649 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 650 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 650 2 629 629 NUM cblr-1746 650 3 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 650 4 333 333 NUM cblr-1746 650 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 650 6 350 350 NUM cblr-1746 650 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 650 8 3d 3d PROPN cblr-1746 650 9 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 650 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 650 11 2010 2010 NUM cblr-1746 650 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 650 13 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 650 14 in in ADP cblr-1746 650 15 re re NOUN cblr-1746 650 16 warfarin warfarin NOUN cblr-1746 650 17 sodium sodium NOUN cblr-1746 650 18 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 650 19 litig litig NOUN cblr-1746 650 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 650 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 650 22 391 391 NUM cblr-1746 650 23 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 650 24 516 516 NUM cblr-1746 650 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 650 26 534 534 NUM cblr-1746 650 27 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 650 28 3d 3d NUM cblr-1746 650 29 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 650 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 650 31 2004 2004 NUM cblr-1746 650 32 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 650 33 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 650 34 in in ADP cblr-1746 650 35 re re PRON cblr-1746 650 36 gen gen PROPN cblr-1746 650 37 . . PROPN cblr-1746 650 38 motors motors PROPN cblr-1746 650 39 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 650 40 . . PROPN cblr-1746 650 41 pick pick PROPN cblr-1746 650 42 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 650 43 up up ADP cblr-1746 650 44 truck truck NOUN cblr-1746 650 45 fuel fuel NOUN cblr-1746 650 46 tank tank NOUN cblr-1746 650 47 prods prod VERB cblr-1746 650 48 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 651 1 liab liab PROPN cblr-1746 651 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 652 1 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 652 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 653 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 653 2 55 55 NUM cblr-1746 653 3 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 653 4 768 768 NUM cblr-1746 653 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 653 6 785 785 NUM cblr-1746 653 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 653 8 3d 3d NUM cblr-1746 653 9 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 653 10 . . PROPN cblr-1746 653 11 1995 1995 NUM cblr-1746 653 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 653 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 654 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 654 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 654 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 654 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 654 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 655 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 655 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 655 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 655 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 655 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 655 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 655 7 785 785 NUM cblr-1746 655 8 independent independent ADJ cblr-1746 655 9 review review NOUN cblr-1746 655 10 hearings.174 hearings.174 PRON cblr-1746 655 11 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 655 12 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 655 13 23(h)(3 23(h)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 655 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 655 15 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 655 16 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 655 17 the the DET cblr-1746 655 18 reviewing reviewing NOUN cblr-1746 655 19 court court NOUN cblr-1746 655 20 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 655 21 may may AUX cblr-1746 655 22 hold hold VERB cblr-1746 655 23 a a DET cblr-1746 655 24 hearing hearing NOUN cblr-1746 655 25 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 655 26 after after ADP cblr-1746 655 27 receiving receive VERB cblr-1746 655 28 post post NOUN cblr-1746 655 29 - - NOUN cblr-1746 655 30 settlement settlement ADJ cblr-1746 655 31 objections,175 objections,175 PROPN cblr-1746 655 32 in in ADP cblr-1746 655 33 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 655 34 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 655 35 regularly regularly ADV cblr-1746 655 36 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 655 37 this this DET cblr-1746 655 38 provision provision NOUN cblr-1746 655 39 with with ADP cblr-1746 655 40 a a DET cblr-1746 655 41 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 655 42 hand hand NOUN cblr-1746 655 43 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 655 44 often often ADV cblr-1746 655 45 reviewing review VERB cblr-1746 655 46 primary primary ADJ cblr-1746 655 47 objectors objector NOUN cblr-1746 655 48 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 655 49 concerns concern NOUN cblr-1746 655 50 in in ADP cblr-1746 655 51 detail.176 detail.176 PROPN cblr-1746 655 52 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 655 53 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 655 54 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 655 55 change change NOUN cblr-1746 655 56 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 655 57 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 655 58 despite despite SCONJ cblr-1746 655 59 the the DET cblr-1746 655 60 ostensibly ostensibly ADV cblr-1746 655 61 laissez laissez ADJ cblr-1746 655 62 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 655 63 faire faire NOUN cblr-1746 655 64 tenor tenor NOUN cblr-1746 655 65 of of ADP cblr-1746 655 66 the the DET cblr-1746 655 67 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 655 68 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 655 69 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 655 70 there there PRON cblr-1746 655 71 are be VERB cblr-1746 655 72 areas area NOUN cblr-1746 655 73 of of ADP cblr-1746 655 74 class class NOUN cblr-1746 655 75 action action NOUN cblr-1746 655 76 jurisprudence jurisprudence NOUN cblr-1746 655 77 for for ADP cblr-1746 655 78 which which PRON cblr-1746 655 79 it it PRON cblr-1746 655 80 prescribes prescribe VERB cblr-1746 655 81 an an DET cblr-1746 655 82 even even ADV cblr-1746 655 83 heavier heavy ADJ cblr-1746 655 84 hand hand NOUN cblr-1746 655 85 than than ADP cblr-1746 655 86 the the DET cblr-1746 655 87 status status NOUN cblr-1746 655 88 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 655 89 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 656 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 656 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 656 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 656 4 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 656 5 23(g 23(g NUM cblr-1746 656 6 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 656 7 mandates mandate NOUN cblr-1746 656 8 that that PRON cblr-1746 656 9 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 656 10 appoint appoint VERB cblr-1746 656 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 656 12 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 656 13 that that PRON cblr-1746 656 14 will will AUX cblr-1746 656 15 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 656 16 fairly fairly ADV cblr-1746 656 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 656 18 adequately adequately ADV cblr-1746 656 19 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 656 20 the the DET cblr-1746 656 21 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 656 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 656 23 the the DET cblr-1746 656 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 656 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 657 1 ”177 ”177 PROPN cblr-1746 657 2 this this PRON cblr-1746 657 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 657 4 an an DET cblr-1746 657 5 area area NOUN cblr-1746 657 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 657 7 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 657 8 squarely squarely ADV cblr-1746 657 9 within within ADP cblr-1746 657 10 the the DET cblr-1746 657 11 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 657 12 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 657 13 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 657 14 tier tier NOUN cblr-1746 657 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 657 16 heightened heightened ADJ cblr-1746 657 17 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 657 18 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 657 19 174 174 NUM cblr-1746 657 20 see see VERB cblr-1746 657 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 657 22 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 657 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 657 24 reynolds reynolds PROPN cblr-1746 657 25 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 657 26 beneficial beneficial PROPN cblr-1746 657 27 nat’l nat’l PROPN cblr-1746 657 28 bank bank NOUN cblr-1746 657 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 657 30 288 288 NUM cblr-1746 657 31 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 657 32 277 277 NUM cblr-1746 657 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 657 34 288 288 NUM cblr-1746 657 35 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 657 36 7th 7th ADJ cblr-1746 657 37 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 657 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 657 39 2002 2002 NUM cblr-1746 657 40 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 658 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 658 2 holding hold VERB cblr-1746 658 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 658 4 a a DET cblr-1746 658 5 court court NOUN cblr-1746 658 6 can can AUX cblr-1746 658 7 use use VERB cblr-1746 658 8 its its PRON cblr-1746 658 9 equitable equitable ADJ cblr-1746 658 10 powers power NOUN cblr-1746 658 11 to to PART cblr-1746 658 12 award award VERB cblr-1746 658 13 objectors objector NOUN cblr-1746 658 14 a a DET cblr-1746 658 15 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 658 16 for for ADP cblr-1746 658 17 their their PRON cblr-1746 658 18 services service NOUN cblr-1746 658 19 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 658 20 they they PRON cblr-1746 658 21 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 658 22 produce produce VERB cblr-1746 658 23 an an DET cblr-1746 658 24 improvement improvement NOUN cblr-1746 658 25 in in ADP cblr-1746 658 26 the the DET cblr-1746 658 27 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 658 28 worth worth ADJ cblr-1746 658 29 more more ADJ cblr-1746 658 30 than than ADP cblr-1746 658 31 the the DET cblr-1746 658 32 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 658 33 they they PRON cblr-1746 658 34 are be AUX cblr-1746 658 35 seeking seek VERB cblr-1746 658 36 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 658 37 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 658 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 659 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 659 2 information information NOUN cblr-1746 659 3 on on ADP cblr-1746 659 4 objectors objector NOUN cblr-1746 659 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 659 6 see see VERB cblr-1746 659 7 brunet brunet NOUN cblr-1746 659 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 659 9 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 659 10 note note PROPN cblr-1746 659 11 36 36 NUM cblr-1746 659 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 659 13 at at ADP cblr-1746 659 14 408–09 408–09 PROPN cblr-1746 659 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 659 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 659 17 informational informational ADJ cblr-1746 659 18 input input NOUN cblr-1746 659 19 from from ADP cblr-1746 659 20 objectors objector NOUN cblr-1746 659 21 regarding regard VERB cblr-1746 659 22 a a DET cblr-1746 659 23 proposed propose VERB cblr-1746 659 24 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 659 25 could could AUX cblr-1746 659 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 659 27 in in ADP cblr-1746 659 28 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 659 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 659 30 improve improve VERB cblr-1746 659 31 the the DET cblr-1746 659 32 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 659 33 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 659 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 660 1 by by ADP cblr-1746 660 2 definition definition NOUN cblr-1746 660 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 660 4 the the DET cblr-1746 660 5 objector objector NOUN cblr-1746 660 6 is be AUX cblr-1746 660 7 a a DET cblr-1746 660 8 monitor monitor NOUN cblr-1746 660 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 660 10 who who PRON cblr-1746 660 11 is be AUX cblr-1746 660 12 evaluating evaluate VERB cblr-1746 660 13 a a DET cblr-1746 660 14 proposed propose VERB cblr-1746 660 15 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 660 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 660 17 then then ADV cblr-1746 660 18 investing invest VERB cblr-1746 660 19 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 660 20 to to PART cblr-1746 660 21 either either CCONJ cblr-1746 660 22 improve improve VERB cblr-1746 660 23 the the DET cblr-1746 660 24 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 660 25 terms term NOUN cblr-1746 660 26 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 660 27 reject reject VERB cblr-1746 660 28 the the DET cblr-1746 660 29 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 660 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 660 31 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 660 32 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 660 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 661 1 175 175 NUM cblr-1746 661 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 661 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 662 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 662 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 662 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 663 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 663 2 23(h)(3 23(h)(3 NUM cblr-1746 663 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 663 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 663 5 emphasis emphasis NOUN cblr-1746 663 6 added add VERB cblr-1746 663 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 663 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 664 1 176 176 NUM cblr-1746 664 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 664 3 in in ADP cblr-1746 664 4 re re NOUN cblr-1746 664 5 pet pet ADJ cblr-1746 664 6 food food NOUN cblr-1746 664 7 prods prod VERB cblr-1746 664 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 665 1 liab liab PROPN cblr-1746 665 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 666 1 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 666 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 667 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 667 2 629 629 NUM cblr-1746 667 3 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 667 4 at at ADP cblr-1746 667 5 351 351 NUM cblr-1746 667 6 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 667 7 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 667 8 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 667 9 the the DET cblr-1746 667 10 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 667 11 have have AUX cblr-1746 667 12 not not PART cblr-1746 667 13 supplied supply VERB cblr-1746 667 14 the the DET cblr-1746 667 15 information information NOUN cblr-1746 667 16 needed need VERB cblr-1746 667 17 for for SCONJ cblr-1746 667 18 the the DET cblr-1746 667 19 court court NOUN cblr-1746 667 20 to to PART cblr-1746 667 21 determine determine VERB cblr-1746 667 22 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 667 23 the the DET cblr-1746 667 24 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 667 25 is be AUX cblr-1746 667 26 fair fair ADJ cblr-1746 667 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 667 28 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 667 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 667 30 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 667 31 adequate adequate ADJ cblr-1746 667 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 667 33 the the DET cblr-1746 667 34 court court NOUN cblr-1746 667 35 may may AUX cblr-1746 667 36 affirmatively affirmatively ADV cblr-1746 667 37 seek seek VERB cblr-1746 667 38 out out ADP cblr-1746 667 39 such such ADJ cblr-1746 667 40 information information NOUN cblr-1746 667 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 667 42 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 667 43 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 667 44 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 667 45 cotton cotton NOUN cblr-1746 667 46 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 667 47 hinton hinton PROPN cblr-1746 667 48 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 667 49 559 559 NUM cblr-1746 667 50 f.2d f.2d NOUN cblr-1746 667 51 1326 1326 NUM cblr-1746 667 52 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 667 53 1331 1331 NUM cblr-1746 667 54 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 667 55 5th 5th ADJ cblr-1746 667 56 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 667 57 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 667 58 1977 1977 NUM cblr-1746 667 59 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 667 60 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 667 61 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 667 62 the the DET cblr-1746 667 63 court court NOUN cblr-1746 667 64 should should AUX cblr-1746 667 65 examine examine VERB cblr-1746 667 66 the the DET cblr-1746 667 67 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 667 68 in in ADP cblr-1746 667 69 light light NOUN cblr-1746 667 70 of of ADP cblr-1746 667 71 the the DET cblr-1746 667 72 objections objection NOUN cblr-1746 667 73 raised raise VERB cblr-1746 667 74 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 667 75 set set VERB cblr-1746 667 76 forth forth ADP cblr-1746 667 77 on on ADP cblr-1746 667 78 the the DET cblr-1746 667 79 record record NOUN cblr-1746 667 80 a a DET cblr-1746 667 81 reasoned reason VERB cblr-1746 667 82 response response NOUN cblr-1746 667 83 to to ADP cblr-1746 667 84 the the DET cblr-1746 667 85 objections objection NOUN cblr-1746 667 86 including include VERB cblr-1746 667 87 findings finding NOUN cblr-1746 667 88 of of ADP cblr-1746 667 89 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 667 90 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 667 91 conclusions conclusion NOUN cblr-1746 667 92 of of ADP cblr-1746 667 93 law law NOUN cblr-1746 667 94 necessary necessary ADJ cblr-1746 667 95 to to PART cblr-1746 667 96 support support VERB cblr-1746 667 97 the the DET cblr-1746 667 98 response response NOUN cblr-1746 667 99 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 667 100 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 667 101 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 667 102 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 668 1 177 177 NUM cblr-1746 668 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 668 3 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 668 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 669 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 669 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 669 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 670 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 670 2 23(g)(4 23(g)(4 NUM cblr-1746 670 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 670 4 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 670 5 see see VERB cblr-1746 670 6 also also ADV cblr-1746 670 7 fed feed VERB cblr-1746 670 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 671 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 671 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 671 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 672 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 672 2 23(g)(1 23(g)(1 NUM cblr-1746 672 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 673 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 673 2 providing provide VERB cblr-1746 673 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 673 4 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 673 5 appointing appoint VERB cblr-1746 673 6 class class NOUN cblr-1746 673 7 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 673 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 673 9 the the DET cblr-1746 673 10 court court NOUN cblr-1746 673 11 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 673 12 must must AUX cblr-1746 673 13 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 673 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 673 15 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 673 16 inter inter PROPN cblr-1746 673 17 alia alia NOUN cblr-1746 673 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 673 19 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 673 20 the the DET cblr-1746 673 21 work work NOUN cblr-1746 673 22 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 673 23 has have AUX cblr-1746 673 24 done do VERB cblr-1746 673 25 in in ADP cblr-1746 673 26 identifying identify VERB cblr-1746 673 27 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 673 28 investigating investigate VERB cblr-1746 673 29 potential potential ADJ cblr-1746 673 30 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 673 31 in in ADP cblr-1746 673 32 the the DET cblr-1746 673 33 action action NOUN cblr-1746 673 34 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 673 35 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 673 36 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 673 37 experience experience NOUN cblr-1746 673 38 in in ADP cblr-1746 673 39 handling handle VERB cblr-1746 673 40 class class NOUN cblr-1746 673 41 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 673 42 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 673 43 other other ADJ cblr-1746 673 44 complex complex ADJ cblr-1746 673 45 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 673 46 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 673 47 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 673 48 the the DET cblr-1746 673 49 types type NOUN cblr-1746 673 50 of of ADP cblr-1746 673 51 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 673 52 asserted assert VERB cblr-1746 673 53 in in ADP cblr-1746 673 54 the the DET cblr-1746 673 55 action action NOUN cblr-1746 673 56 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 673 57 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 673 58 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 673 59 knowledge knowledge NOUN cblr-1746 673 60 of of ADP cblr-1746 673 61 the the DET cblr-1746 673 62 applicable applicable ADJ cblr-1746 673 63 law law NOUN cblr-1746 673 64 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 673 65 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 673 66 the the DET cblr-1746 673 67 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 673 68 that that PRON cblr-1746 673 69 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 673 70 will will AUX cblr-1746 673 71 commit commit VERB cblr-1746 673 72 to to ADP cblr-1746 673 73 representing represent VERB cblr-1746 673 74 the the DET cblr-1746 673 75 class class NOUN cblr-1746 673 76 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 673 77 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 673 78 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 674 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 674 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 674 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 674 4 786 786 NUM cblr-1746 674 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 674 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 674 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 674 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 675 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 675 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 675 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 675 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 675 5 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 675 6 class class NOUN cblr-1746 675 7 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 675 8 fulfills fulfill VERB cblr-1746 675 9 the the DET cblr-1746 675 10 duties duty NOUN cblr-1746 675 11 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 675 12 to to ADP cblr-1746 675 13 the the DET cblr-1746 675 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 675 15 is be AUX cblr-1746 675 16 a a DET cblr-1746 675 17 question question NOUN cblr-1746 675 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 675 19 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 675 20 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 675 21 that that PRON cblr-1746 675 22 falls fall VERB cblr-1746 675 23 within within ADP cblr-1746 675 24 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 675 25 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 675 26 core core NOUN cblr-1746 675 27 competencies.178 competencies.178 NOUN cblr-1746 675 28 inadequacy inadequacy NOUN cblr-1746 675 29 of of ADP cblr-1746 675 30 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 675 31 plainly plainly ADV cblr-1746 675 32 presents present VERB cblr-1746 675 33 a a DET cblr-1746 675 34 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 675 35 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 675 36 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 675 37 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 675 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 676 1 an an DET cblr-1746 676 2 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 676 3 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 676 4 initial initial ADJ cblr-1746 676 5 endeavor endeavor NOUN cblr-1746 676 6 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 676 7 the the DET cblr-1746 676 8 entrepreneurmanager entrepreneurmanager NOUN cblr-1746 676 9 is be AUX cblr-1746 676 10 to to PART cblr-1746 676 11 organize organize VERB cblr-1746 676 12 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 676 13 constitute constitute VERB cblr-1746 676 14 the the DET cblr-1746 676 15 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 677 1 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 677 2 after after ADP cblr-1746 677 3 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 677 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 677 5 its its PRON cblr-1746 677 6 secondary secondary ADJ cblr-1746 677 7 goal goal NOUN cblr-1746 677 8 is be AUX cblr-1746 677 9 to to PART cblr-1746 677 10 unwind unwind VERB cblr-1746 677 11 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 677 12 liquidate liquidate VERB cblr-1746 677 13 the the DET cblr-1746 677 14 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 677 15 on on ADP cblr-1746 677 16 favorable favorable ADJ cblr-1746 677 17 terms term NOUN cblr-1746 677 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 677 19 either either CCONJ cblr-1746 677 20 by by ADP cblr-1746 677 21 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 677 22 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 677 23 at at ADP cblr-1746 677 24 trial trial NOUN cblr-1746 677 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 678 1 in in ADP cblr-1746 678 2 the the DET cblr-1746 678 3 context context NOUN cblr-1746 678 4 of of ADP cblr-1746 678 5 adequate adequate ADJ cblr-1746 678 6 representation representation NOUN cblr-1746 678 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 678 8 these these DET cblr-1746 678 9 two two NUM cblr-1746 678 10 goals goal NOUN cblr-1746 678 11 often often ADV cblr-1746 678 12 conflict conflict VERB cblr-1746 678 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 679 1 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 679 2 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 679 3 has have AUX cblr-1746 679 4 noted note VERB cblr-1746 679 5 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 679 6 should should AUX cblr-1746 679 7 one one PRON cblr-1746 679 8 prioritize prioritize VERB cblr-1746 679 9 attaining attain VERB cblr-1746 679 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 679 11 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 679 12 that that PRON cblr-1746 679 13 will will AUX cblr-1746 679 14 most most ADV cblr-1746 679 15 ably ably ADV cblr-1746 679 16 unwind unwind VERB cblr-1746 679 17 the the DET cblr-1746 679 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 679 19 action action NOUN cblr-1746 679 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 679 21 that that DET cblr-1746 679 22 preference preference NOUN cblr-1746 679 23 will will AUX cblr-1746 679 24 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 679 25 undercompensate undercompensate VERB cblr-1746 679 26 the the DET cblr-1746 679 27 initial initial ADJ cblr-1746 679 28 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 679 29 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 679 30 who who PRON cblr-1746 679 31 undertook undertake VERB cblr-1746 679 32 search search NOUN cblr-1746 679 33 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 679 34 to to PART cblr-1746 679 35 discover discover VERB cblr-1746 679 36 a a DET cblr-1746 679 37 violation violation NOUN cblr-1746 679 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 679 39 law law NOUN cblr-1746 679 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 680 1 ”179 ”179 VERB cblr-1746 680 2 this this DET cblr-1746 680 3 risks risk NOUN cblr-1746 680 4 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 680 5 a a DET cblr-1746 680 6 reduced reduced ADJ cblr-1746 680 7 incentive incentive NOUN cblr-1746 680 8 for for SCONJ cblr-1746 680 9 private private ADJ cblr-1746 680 10 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 680 11 generals general NOUN cblr-1746 680 12 to to PART cblr-1746 680 13 seek seek VERB cblr-1746 680 14 out out ADP cblr-1746 680 15 violations violation NOUN cblr-1746 680 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 680 17 law law NOUN cblr-1746 680 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 681 1 ”180 ”180 PUNCT cblr-1746 681 2 on on ADP cblr-1746 681 3 the the DET cblr-1746 681 4 other other ADJ cblr-1746 681 5 hand hand NOUN cblr-1746 681 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 681 7 prioritizing prioritize VERB cblr-1746 681 8 a a DET cblr-1746 681 9 reward reward NOUN cblr-1746 681 10 for for ADP cblr-1746 681 11 the the DET cblr-1746 681 12 initial initial ADJ cblr-1746 681 13 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 681 14 may may AUX cblr-1746 681 15 entail entail VERB cblr-1746 681 16 sacrifices sacrifice NOUN cblr-1746 681 17 along along ADP cblr-1746 681 18 the the DET cblr-1746 681 19 quality quality NOUN cblr-1746 681 20 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 681 21 ofcounsel ofcounsel NOUN cblr-1746 681 22 dimension dimension NOUN cblr-1746 681 23 at at ADP cblr-1746 681 24 trial trial NOUN cblr-1746 681 25 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 681 26 in in ADP cblr-1746 681 27 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 681 28 negotiations.181 negotiations.181 PRON cblr-1746 681 29 both both DET cblr-1746 681 30 sides side NOUN cblr-1746 681 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 681 32 this this DET cblr-1746 681 33 tradeoff tradeoff NOUN cblr-1746 681 34 are be AUX cblr-1746 681 35 costly costly ADJ cblr-1746 681 36 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 681 37 one one NUM cblr-1746 681 38 option option NOUN cblr-1746 681 39 risks risk NOUN cblr-1746 681 40 undersupplying undersupplye VERB cblr-1746 681 41 socially socially ADV cblr-1746 681 42 beneficial beneficial ADJ cblr-1746 681 43 class class NOUN cblr-1746 681 44 actions;182 actions;182 PROPN cblr-1746 681 45 the the DET cblr-1746 681 46 other other ADJ cblr-1746 681 47 178 178 NUM cblr-1746 681 48 see see NOUN cblr-1746 681 49 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 681 50 notes note VERB cblr-1746 681 51 157–159 157–159 NUM cblr-1746 681 52 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 681 53 accompanying accompany VERB cblr-1746 681 54 text text NOUN cblr-1746 681 55 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 681 56 see see VERB cblr-1746 681 57 also also ADV cblr-1746 681 58 in in ADP cblr-1746 681 59 re re PRON cblr-1746 681 60 gen gen PROPN cblr-1746 681 61 . . PROPN cblr-1746 681 62 motors motors PROPN cblr-1746 681 63 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 681 64 . . PROPN cblr-1746 681 65 pick pick PROPN cblr-1746 681 66 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 681 67 up up ADP cblr-1746 681 68 truck truck NOUN cblr-1746 681 69 fuel fuel NOUN cblr-1746 681 70 tank tank NOUN cblr-1746 681 71 prods prod VERB cblr-1746 681 72 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 682 1 liab liab PROPN cblr-1746 682 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 683 1 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 683 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 684 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 684 2 55 55 NUM cblr-1746 684 3 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 684 4 at at ADP cblr-1746 684 5 801 801 NUM cblr-1746 684 6 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 684 7 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 684 8 beyond beyond ADP cblr-1746 684 9 their their PRON cblr-1746 684 10 ethical ethical ADJ cblr-1746 684 11 obligations obligation NOUN cblr-1746 684 12 to to ADP cblr-1746 684 13 their their PRON cblr-1746 684 14 clients client NOUN cblr-1746 684 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 684 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 684 17 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 684 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 684 19 purporting purport VERB cblr-1746 684 20 to to PART cblr-1746 684 21 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 684 22 a a DET cblr-1746 684 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 684 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 684 25 also also ADV cblr-1746 684 26 owe owe VERB cblr-1746 684 27 the the DET cblr-1746 684 28 entire entire ADJ cblr-1746 684 29 class class NOUN cblr-1746 684 30 a a DET cblr-1746 684 31 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 684 32 duty duty NOUN cblr-1746 684 33 once once SCONJ cblr-1746 684 34 the the DET cblr-1746 684 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 684 36 complaint complaint NOUN cblr-1746 684 37 is be AUX cblr-1746 684 38 filed file VERB cblr-1746 684 39 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 684 40 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 684 41 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 684 42 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 684 43 nick nick PROPN cblr-1746 684 44 landsman landsman PROPN cblr-1746 684 45 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 684 46 roos roo NOUN cblr-1746 684 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 684 48 note note NOUN cblr-1746 684 49 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 684 50 front front ADJ cblr-1746 684 51 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 684 52 end end NOUN cblr-1746 684 53 fiduciaries fiduciary NOUN cblr-1746 684 54 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 684 55 precertification precertification NOUN cblr-1746 684 56 duties duty NOUN cblr-1746 684 57 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 684 58 class class NOUN cblr-1746 684 59 conflict conflict NOUN cblr-1746 684 60 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 684 61 65 65 NUM cblr-1746 684 62 stan stan PROPN cblr-1746 684 63 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 685 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 685 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 685 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 685 4 817 817 NUM cblr-1746 685 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 685 6 838–39 838–39 NUM cblr-1746 685 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 685 8 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 685 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 685 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 685 11 arguing argue VERB cblr-1746 685 12 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 685 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 685 14 in in ADP cblr-1746 685 15 addition addition NOUN cblr-1746 685 16 to to ADP cblr-1746 685 17 the the DET cblr-1746 685 18 traditionally traditionally ADV cblr-1746 685 19 recognized recognize VERB cblr-1746 685 20 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 685 21 duties duty NOUN cblr-1746 685 22 that that PRON cblr-1746 685 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 685 24 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 685 25 owes owe VERB cblr-1746 685 26 to to ADP cblr-1746 685 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 685 28 members member NOUN cblr-1746 685 29 postcertification postcertification NOUN cblr-1746 685 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 685 31 certain certain ADJ cblr-1746 685 32 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 685 33 precertification precertification NOUN cblr-1746 685 34 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 685 35 duties duty NOUN cblr-1746 685 36 should should AUX cblr-1746 685 37 attach attach VERB cblr-1746 685 38 at at ADP cblr-1746 685 39 the the DET cblr-1746 685 40 moment moment NOUN cblr-1746 685 41 the the DET cblr-1746 685 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 685 43 action action NOUN cblr-1746 685 44 is be AUX cblr-1746 685 45 filed file VERB cblr-1746 685 46 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 685 47 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 686 1 179 179 NUM cblr-1746 686 2 third third ADJ cblr-1746 686 3 circuit circuit NOUN cblr-1746 686 4 task task PROPN cblr-1746 686 5 force force PROPN cblr-1746 686 6 report report NOUN cblr-1746 686 7 on on ADP cblr-1746 686 8 selection selection NOUN cblr-1746 686 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 686 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 686 11 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 686 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 686 13 74 74 NUM cblr-1746 686 14 temp temp NOUN cblr-1746 686 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 687 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 687 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 687 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 687 4 689 689 NUM cblr-1746 687 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 687 6 733 733 NUM cblr-1746 687 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 687 8 2001 2001 NUM cblr-1746 687 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 687 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 687 11 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 687 12 professor professor NOUN cblr-1746 687 13 coffee coffee NOUN cblr-1746 687 14 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 687 15 statement statement NOUN cblr-1746 687 16 to to ADP cblr-1746 687 17 the the DET cblr-1746 687 18 third third ADJ cblr-1746 687 19 circuit circuit NOUN cblr-1746 687 20 task task NOUN cblr-1746 687 21 force force NOUN cblr-1746 687 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 687 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 688 1 180 180 NUM cblr-1746 689 1 i i NOUN cblr-1746 689 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 689 3 181 181 NUM cblr-1746 690 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 690 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 690 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 690 4 734 734 NUM cblr-1746 690 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 691 1 182 182 NUM cblr-1746 691 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 691 3 i i PRON cblr-1746 691 4 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 691 5 at at ADP cblr-1746 691 6 733 733 NUM cblr-1746 691 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 691 8 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 691 9 even even ADV cblr-1746 691 10 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 691 11 the the DET cblr-1746 691 12 court court NOUN cblr-1746 691 13 ultimately ultimately ADV cblr-1746 691 14 decides decide VERB cblr-1746 691 15 to to PART cblr-1746 691 16 compensate compensate VERB cblr-1746 691 17 losing lose VERB cblr-1746 691 18 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 691 19 for for ADP cblr-1746 691 20 early early ADJ cblr-1746 691 21 contributions contribution NOUN cblr-1746 691 22 to to ADP cblr-1746 691 23 the the DET cblr-1746 691 24 case case NOUN cblr-1746 691 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 691 26 the the DET cblr-1746 691 27 ex ex NOUN cblr-1746 691 28 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 691 29 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 691 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 691 31 noncompensation noncompensation NOUN cblr-1746 691 32 may may AUX cblr-1746 691 33 deter deter VERB cblr-1746 691 34 efforts effort NOUN cblr-1746 691 35 that that PRON cblr-1746 691 36 might might AUX cblr-1746 691 37 be be AUX cblr-1746 691 38 beneficial beneficial ADJ cblr-1746 691 39 to to ADP cblr-1746 691 40 the the DET cblr-1746 691 41 class class NOUN cblr-1746 691 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 691 43 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 691 44 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 691 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 692 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 692 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 692 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 692 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 692 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 693 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 693 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 693 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 693 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 693 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 693 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 693 7 787 787 NUM cblr-1746 693 8 risks risk NOUN cblr-1746 693 9 ineffective ineffective ADJ cblr-1746 693 10 counsel,183 counsel,183 NOUN cblr-1746 693 11 collusive collusive ADJ cblr-1746 693 12 bargaining,184 bargaining,184 PROPN cblr-1746 694 1 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 694 2 reduced reduce VERB cblr-1746 694 3 recoveries recovery NOUN cblr-1746 694 4 for for ADP cblr-1746 694 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 694 6 members.185 members.185 NOUN cblr-1746 694 7 these these DET cblr-1746 694 8 concerns concern NOUN cblr-1746 694 9 notwithstanding notwithstanding ADP cblr-1746 694 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 694 11 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 694 12 occasionally occasionally ADV cblr-1746 694 13 approach approach VERB cblr-1746 694 14 the the DET cblr-1746 694 15 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 694 16 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 694 17 with with ADP cblr-1746 694 18 surprising surprising ADJ cblr-1746 694 19 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 694 20 to to ADP cblr-1746 694 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 694 22 counsel,186 counsel,186 PROPN cblr-1746 694 23 rarely rarely ADV cblr-1746 694 24 articulating articulate VERB cblr-1746 694 25 what what PRON cblr-1746 694 26 is be AUX cblr-1746 694 27 required require VERB cblr-1746 694 28 to to PART cblr-1746 694 29 satisfy satisfy VERB cblr-1746 694 30 this this DET cblr-1746 694 31 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 694 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 694 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 694 34 instead instead ADV cblr-1746 694 35 outlining outline VERB cblr-1746 694 36 general general ADJ cblr-1746 694 37 principles principle NOUN cblr-1746 694 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 694 39 such such ADJ cblr-1746 694 40 as as ADP cblr-1746 694 41 the the DET cblr-1746 694 42 abstract abstract ADJ cblr-1746 694 43 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 694 44 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 694 45 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 694 46 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 694 47 must must AUX cblr-1746 694 48 be be AUX cblr-1746 694 49 qualified qualified ADJ cblr-1746 694 50 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 694 51 experienced experienced ADJ cblr-1746 694 52 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 694 53 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 694 54 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 694 55 able able ADJ cblr-1746 694 56 to to PART cblr-1746 694 57 conduct conduct VERB cblr-1746 694 58 the the DET cblr-1746 694 59 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 694 60 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 694 61 ”187 ”187 PUNCT cblr-1746 695 1 consequently consequently ADV cblr-1746 695 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 695 3 district district NOUN cblr-1746 695 4 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 695 5 183 183 NUM cblr-1746 695 6 see see VERB cblr-1746 695 7 linda linda PROPN cblr-1746 695 8 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 695 9 mullenix mullenix PROPN cblr-1746 695 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 695 11 taking take VERB cblr-1746 695 12 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 695 13 seriously seriously ADV cblr-1746 695 14 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 695 15 the the DET cblr-1746 695 16 inadequate inadequate ADJ cblr-1746 695 17 assessment assessment NOUN cblr-1746 695 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 695 19 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 695 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 695 21 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 695 22 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 695 23 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 695 24 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 695 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 695 26 57 57 NUM cblr-1746 695 27 vand vand NOUN cblr-1746 695 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 696 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 696 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 696 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 696 4 1687 1687 NUM cblr-1746 696 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 696 6 1702 1702 NUM cblr-1746 696 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 696 8 2004 2004 NUM cblr-1746 696 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 696 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 696 11 noting note VERB cblr-1746 696 12 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 696 13 ineffective ineffective ADJ cblr-1746 696 14 assistance assistance NOUN cblr-1746 696 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 696 16 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 696 17 often often ADV cblr-1746 696 18 arises arises AUX cblr-1746 696 19 undetected undetecte VERB cblr-1746 696 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 696 21 the the DET cblr-1746 696 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 696 23 action action NOUN cblr-1746 696 24 context context NOUN cblr-1746 696 25 as as ADP cblr-1746 696 26 a a DET cblr-1746 696 27 result result NOUN cblr-1746 696 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 696 29 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 696 30 inexperience inexperience NOUN cblr-1746 696 31 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 696 32 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 696 33 class class NOUN cblr-1746 696 34 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 696 35 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 696 36 incentive incentive NOUN cblr-1746 696 37 to to PART cblr-1746 696 38 minimize minimize VERB cblr-1746 696 39 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 696 40 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 696 41 by by ADP cblr-1746 696 42 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 696 43 underfinancing underfinancing NOUN cblr-1746 696 44 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 696 45 the the DET cblr-1746 696 46 class class NOUN cblr-1746 696 47 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 696 48 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 696 49 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 697 1 184 184 NUM cblr-1746 697 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 697 3 issacharoff issacharoff NOUN cblr-1746 697 4 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 697 5 nagareda nagareda PROPN cblr-1746 697 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 697 7 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 697 8 note note NOUN cblr-1746 697 9 59 59 NUM cblr-1746 697 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 697 11 at at ADP cblr-1746 697 12 1667 1667 NUM cblr-1746 697 13 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 697 14 susan susan PROPN cblr-1746 697 15 p. p. PROPN cblr-1746 697 16 koniak koniak PROPN cblr-1746 697 17 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 697 18 george george PROPN cblr-1746 697 19 m. m. PROPN cblr-1746 697 20 cohen cohen PROPN cblr-1746 697 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 697 22 under under ADP cblr-1746 697 23 cloak cloak NOUN cblr-1746 697 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 697 25 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 697 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 697 27 82 82 NUM cblr-1746 697 28 va va NOUN cblr-1746 697 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 698 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 698 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 698 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 698 4 1051 1051 NUM cblr-1746 698 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 698 6 1170 1170 NUM cblr-1746 698 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 698 8 1996 1996 NUM cblr-1746 698 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 698 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 698 11 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 698 12 all all DET cblr-1746 698 13 the the DET cblr-1746 698 14 critical critical ADJ cblr-1746 698 15 findings finding NOUN cblr-1746 698 16 made make VERB cblr-1746 698 17 by by ADP cblr-1746 698 18 a a DET cblr-1746 698 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 698 20 action action NOUN cblr-1746 698 21 court court NOUN cblr-1746 698 22 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 698 23 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 698 24 the the DET cblr-1746 698 25 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 698 26 was be AUX cblr-1746 698 27 fair fair ADJ cblr-1746 698 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 698 29 class class NOUN cblr-1746 698 30 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 698 31 adequate adequate ADJ cblr-1746 698 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 698 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 698 34 collusion collusion NOUN cblr-1746 698 35 absent absent NOUN cblr-1746 698 36 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 698 37 may may AUX cblr-1746 698 38 be be AUX cblr-1746 698 39 a a DET cblr-1746 698 40 product product NOUN cblr-1746 698 41 of of ADP cblr-1746 698 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 698 43 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 698 44 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 698 45 negligence negligence NOUN cblr-1746 698 46 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 698 47 fraud fraud NOUN cblr-1746 698 48 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 698 49 either either PRON cblr-1746 698 50 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 698 51 both both PRON cblr-1746 698 52 accepted accept VERB cblr-1746 698 53 without without ADP cblr-1746 698 54 objection objection NOUN cblr-1746 698 55 by by ADP cblr-1746 698 56 the the DET cblr-1746 698 57 all all ADV cblr-1746 698 58 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 698 59 too too ADV cblr-1746 698 60 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 698 61 congenial congenial ADJ cblr-1746 698 62 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 698 63 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 698 64 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 698 65 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 698 66 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 699 1 185 185 NUM cblr-1746 699 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 699 3 jay jay PROPN cblr-1746 699 4 tidmarsh tidmarsh PROPN cblr-1746 699 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 699 6 rethinking rethink VERB cblr-1746 699 7 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 699 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 699 9 representation representation NOUN cblr-1746 699 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 699 11 87 87 NUM cblr-1746 699 12 tex tex PROPN cblr-1746 699 13 . . PROPN cblr-1746 699 14 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 699 15 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 699 16 . . PROPN cblr-1746 699 17 1137 1137 NUM cblr-1746 699 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 699 19 1171–72 1171–72 NUM cblr-1746 699 20 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 699 21 2009 2009 NUM cblr-1746 699 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 699 23 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 699 24 noting note VERB cblr-1746 699 25 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 699 26 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 699 27 the the DET cblr-1746 699 28 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 699 29 combination combination NOUN cblr-1746 699 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 699 31 fronted fronted ADJ cblr-1746 699 32 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 699 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 699 34 expected expect VERB cblr-1746 699 35 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 699 36 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 699 37 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 699 38 makes make VERB cblr-1746 699 39 class class NOUN cblr-1746 699 40 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 699 41 the the DET cblr-1746 699 42 largest large ADJ cblr-1746 699 43 stakeholder stakeholder NOUN cblr-1746 699 44 in in ADP cblr-1746 699 45 the the DET cblr-1746 699 46 class class NOUN cblr-1746 699 47 action action NOUN cblr-1746 699 48 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 699 49 by by ADP cblr-1746 699 50 several several ADJ cblr-1746 699 51 orders order NOUN cblr-1746 699 52 of of ADP cblr-1746 699 53 magnitude magnitude NOUN cblr-1746 699 54 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 699 55 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 699 56 the the DET cblr-1746 699 57 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 699 58 tolerance tolerance NOUN cblr-1746 699 59 of of ADP cblr-1746 699 60 the the DET cblr-1746 699 61 class class NOUN cblr-1746 699 62 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 699 63 is be AUX cblr-1746 699 64 often often ADV cblr-1746 699 65 different different ADJ cblr-1746 699 66 from from ADP cblr-1746 699 67 that that PRON cblr-1746 699 68 of of ADP cblr-1746 699 69 the the DET cblr-1746 699 70 class class NOUN cblr-1746 699 71 representative representative NOUN cblr-1746 699 72 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 699 73 class class NOUN cblr-1746 699 74 members member NOUN cblr-1746 699 75 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 699 76 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 699 77 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 699 78 consequently consequently ADV cblr-1746 699 79 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 699 80 class class NOUN cblr-1746 699 81 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 699 82 may may AUX cblr-1746 699 83 act act VERB cblr-1746 699 84 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 699 85 to to PART cblr-1746 699 86 protect protect VERB cblr-1746 699 87 that that DET cblr-1746 699 88 investment investment NOUN cblr-1746 699 89 in in ADP cblr-1746 699 90 the the DET cblr-1746 699 91 case case NOUN cblr-1746 699 92 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 699 93 than than ADP cblr-1746 699 94 undertaking undertake VERB cblr-1746 699 95 riskier risky ADJ cblr-1746 699 96 strategies strategy NOUN cblr-1746 699 97 that that PRON cblr-1746 699 98 match match VERB cblr-1746 699 99 up up ADP cblr-1746 699 100 better well ADV cblr-1746 699 101 with with ADP cblr-1746 699 102 the the DET cblr-1746 699 103 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 699 104 positions position NOUN cblr-1746 699 105 of of ADP cblr-1746 699 106 the the DET cblr-1746 699 107 class class NOUN cblr-1746 699 108 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 699 109 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 699 110 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 700 1 186 186 NUM cblr-1746 700 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 700 3 mullenix mullenix NOUN cblr-1746 700 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 700 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 700 6 note note NOUN cblr-1746 700 7 183 183 NUM cblr-1746 700 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 700 9 at at ADP cblr-1746 700 10 1702 1702 NUM cblr-1746 700 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 700 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 700 13 [ [ X cblr-1746 700 14 t]he t]he ADV cblr-1746 700 15 cursory cursory ADJ cblr-1746 700 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 700 17 presumptive presumptive ADJ cblr-1746 700 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 700 19 rubber rubber NOUN cblr-1746 700 20 stamping stamping NOUN cblr-1746 700 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 700 22 the the DET cblr-1746 700 23 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 700 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 700 25 class class NOUN cblr-1746 700 26 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 700 27 usually usually ADV cblr-1746 700 28 is be AUX cblr-1746 700 29 the the DET cblr-1746 700 30 result result NOUN cblr-1746 700 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 700 32 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 700 33 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 700 34 drafted draft VERB cblr-1746 700 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 700 36 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 700 37 orders order NOUN cblr-1746 700 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 701 1 once once ADV cblr-1746 701 2 a a DET cblr-1746 701 3 judge judge NOUN cblr-1746 701 4 determines determine VERB cblr-1746 701 5 to to PART cblr-1746 701 6 certify certify VERB cblr-1746 701 7 a a DET cblr-1746 701 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 701 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 701 10 many many ADJ cblr-1746 701 11 state state NOUN cblr-1746 701 12 judges judge NOUN cblr-1746 701 13 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 701 14 invite invite VERB cblr-1746 701 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 701 16 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 701 17 to to PART cblr-1746 701 18 draft draft VERB cblr-1746 701 19 the the DET cblr-1746 701 20 court court NOUN cblr-1746 701 21 's 's PART cblr-1746 701 22 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 701 23 order order NOUN cblr-1746 701 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 702 1 not not PART cblr-1746 702 2 surprisingly surprisingly ADV cblr-1746 702 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 702 4 plaintiffdrafted plaintiffdrafted ADJ cblr-1746 702 5 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 702 6 orders order NOUN cblr-1746 702 7 recite recite NOUN cblr-1746 702 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 702 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 702 10 rote rote ADJ cblr-1746 702 11 conclusory conclusory ADJ cblr-1746 702 12 fashion fashion NOUN cblr-1746 702 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 702 14 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 702 15 the the DET cblr-1746 702 16 court court NOUN cblr-1746 702 17 finds find VERB cblr-1746 702 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 702 19 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 702 20 adequate adequate ADJ cblr-1746 702 21 to to PART cblr-1746 702 22 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 702 23 the the DET cblr-1746 702 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 702 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 702 26 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 702 27 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 702 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 703 1 187 187 NUM cblr-1746 703 2 rubenstein rubenstein NOUN cblr-1746 703 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 703 4 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 703 5 note note PROPN cblr-1746 703 6 156 156 NUM cblr-1746 703 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 703 8 § § PROPN cblr-1746 703 9 3:54 3:54 NUM cblr-1746 703 10 n.2 n.2 NOUN cblr-1746 703 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 704 1 the the DET cblr-1746 704 2 advisory advisory ADJ cblr-1746 704 3 committee committee NOUN cblr-1746 704 4 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 704 5 comments comment NOUN cblr-1746 704 6 to to ADP cblr-1746 704 7 the the DET cblr-1746 704 8 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 704 9 revisions revision NOUN cblr-1746 704 10 to to PART cblr-1746 704 11 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 704 12 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 704 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 704 14 which which PRON cblr-1746 704 15 included include VERB cblr-1746 704 16 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 704 17 23(g 23(g NUM cblr-1746 704 18 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 704 19 concerning concern VERB cblr-1746 704 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 704 21 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 704 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 704 23 treats treat VERB cblr-1746 704 24 this this DET cblr-1746 704 25 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 704 26 as as ADP cblr-1746 704 27 an an DET cblr-1746 704 28 advantage advantage NOUN cblr-1746 704 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 705 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 705 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 705 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 706 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 706 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 706 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 707 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 707 2 23(g 23(g NUM cblr-1746 707 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 707 4 advisory advisory ADJ cblr-1746 707 5 committee committee NOUN cblr-1746 707 6 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 707 7 note note NOUN cblr-1746 707 8 to to ADP cblr-1746 707 9 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 707 10 amendment amendment NOUN cblr-1746 707 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 707 12 noting note VERB cblr-1746 707 13 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 707 14 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 707 15 23(g)(2 23(g)(2 NUM cblr-1746 707 16 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 707 17 in in ADP cblr-1746 707 18 particular particular ADJ cblr-1746 707 19 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 707 20 affords affords ADJ cblr-1746 707 21 substantial substantial ADJ cblr-1746 707 22 flexibility flexibility NOUN cblr-1746 707 23 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 707 24 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 707 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 708 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 708 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 708 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 708 4 788 788 NUM cblr-1746 708 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 708 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 708 7 law law NOUN cblr-1746 708 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 709 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 709 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 709 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 709 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 709 5 rarely rarely ADV cblr-1746 709 6 find find VERB cblr-1746 709 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 709 8 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 709 9 inadequate.188 inadequate.188 ADJ cblr-1746 709 10 instead instead ADV cblr-1746 709 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 709 12 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 709 13 often often ADV cblr-1746 709 14 operate operate VERB cblr-1746 709 15 under under ADP cblr-1746 709 16 a a DET cblr-1746 709 17 presumption presumption NOUN cblr-1746 709 18 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 709 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 709 20 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 709 21 is be AUX cblr-1746 709 22 adequate adequate ADJ cblr-1746 709 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 709 24 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 709 25 reflexively reflexively ADV cblr-1746 709 26 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 709 27 approving approve VERB cblr-1746 709 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 709 29 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 709 30 as as ADP cblr-1746 709 31 presented.189 presented.189 NOUN cblr-1746 709 32 one one NUM cblr-1746 709 33 commentator commentator NOUN cblr-1746 709 34 remarked remark VERB cblr-1746 709 35 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 709 36 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 709 37 one one PRON cblr-1746 709 38 has have VERB cblr-1746 709 39 to to PART cblr-1746 709 40 look look VERB cblr-1746 709 41 long long ADJ cblr-1746 709 42 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 709 43 hard hard ADJ cblr-1746 709 44 to to PART cblr-1746 709 45 find find VERB cblr-1746 709 46 cases case NOUN cblr-1746 709 47 in in ADP cblr-1746 709 48 which which PRON cblr-1746 709 49 class class NOUN cblr-1746 709 50 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 709 51 have have AUX cblr-1746 709 52 been be AUX cblr-1746 709 53 deemed deem VERB cblr-1746 709 54 inadequate inadequate ADJ cblr-1746 709 55 to to PART cblr-1746 709 56 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 709 57 the the DET cblr-1746 709 58 class class NOUN cblr-1746 709 59 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 710 1 ”190 ”190 VERB cblr-1746 710 2 this this DET cblr-1746 710 3 occasional occasional ADJ cblr-1746 710 4 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 710 5 is be AUX cblr-1746 710 6 not not PART cblr-1746 710 7 without without ADP cblr-1746 710 8 reason reason NOUN cblr-1746 710 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 711 1 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 711 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 711 3 the the DET cblr-1746 711 4 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 711 5 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 711 6 advises advise VERB cblr-1746 711 7 a a DET cblr-1746 711 8 substantial substantial ADJ cblr-1746 711 9 degree degree NOUN cblr-1746 711 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 711 11 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 711 12 in in ADP cblr-1746 711 13 the the DET cblr-1746 711 14 selection selection NOUN cblr-1746 711 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 711 16 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 711 17 ex ex PROPN cblr-1746 711 18 ante ante PROPN cblr-1746 711 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 712 1 however however ADV cblr-1746 712 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 712 3 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 712 4 ex ex PRON cblr-1746 712 5 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 712 6 does do AUX cblr-1746 712 7 not not PART cblr-1746 712 8 preclude preclude VERB cblr-1746 712 9 monitoring monitor VERB cblr-1746 712 10 ex ex PRON cblr-1746 712 11 post post NOUN cblr-1746 712 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 713 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 713 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 713 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 713 4 several several ADJ cblr-1746 713 5 areas area NOUN cblr-1746 713 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 713 7 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 713 8 securities security NOUN cblr-1746 713 9 law law NOUN cblr-1746 713 10 enshrine enshrine VERB cblr-1746 713 11 reporting reporting NOUN cblr-1746 713 12 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 713 13 that that PRON cblr-1746 713 14 amount amount VERB cblr-1746 713 15 to to ADP cblr-1746 713 16 a a DET cblr-1746 713 17 form form NOUN cblr-1746 713 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 713 19 continuous continuous ADJ cblr-1746 713 20 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 713 21 review.191 review.191 NOUN cblr-1746 713 22 these these DET cblr-1746 713 23 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 713 24 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 713 25 like like ADJ cblr-1746 713 26 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 713 27 are be AUX cblr-1746 713 28 all all DET cblr-1746 713 29 the the DET cblr-1746 713 30 more more ADV cblr-1746 713 31 pronounced pronounced ADJ cblr-1746 713 32 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 713 33 the the DET cblr-1746 713 34 manager manager NOUN cblr-1746 713 35 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 713 36 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 713 37 subject subject NOUN cblr-1746 713 38 to to ADP cblr-1746 713 39 review review NOUN cblr-1746 713 40 owes owe VERB cblr-1746 713 41 a a DET cblr-1746 713 42 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 713 43 duty duty NOUN cblr-1746 713 44 to to ADP cblr-1746 713 45 the the DET cblr-1746 713 46 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 713 47 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 713 48 principals principal NOUN cblr-1746 713 49 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 713 50 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 713 51 is be AUX cblr-1746 713 52 the the DET cblr-1746 713 53 case case NOUN cblr-1746 713 54 in in ADP cblr-1746 713 55 the the DET cblr-1746 713 56 class class NOUN cblr-1746 713 57 action action NOUN cblr-1746 713 58 context.192 context.192 NOUN cblr-1746 713 59 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 713 60 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 713 61 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 713 62 is be AUX cblr-1746 713 63 not not PART cblr-1746 713 64 inevitable inevitable ADJ cblr-1746 713 65 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 714 1 as as ADP cblr-1746 714 2 a a DET cblr-1746 714 3 textual textual ADJ cblr-1746 714 4 matter matter NOUN cblr-1746 714 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 714 6 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 714 7 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 714 8 embraces embrace VERB cblr-1746 714 9 continuous continuous ADJ cblr-1746 714 10 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 714 11 by by ADP cblr-1746 714 12 providing provide VERB cblr-1746 714 13 for for ADP cblr-1746 714 14 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 714 15 checks check NOUN cblr-1746 714 16 throughout throughout ADP cblr-1746 714 17 the the DET cblr-1746 714 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 714 19 proceeding proceeding NOUN cblr-1746 714 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 715 1 even even ADV cblr-1746 715 2 after after SCONJ cblr-1746 715 3 a a DET cblr-1746 715 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 715 5 action action NOUN cblr-1746 715 6 satisfies satisfy VERB cblr-1746 715 7 the the DET cblr-1746 715 8 188 188 NUM cblr-1746 715 9 see see NOUN cblr-1746 715 10 mullenix mullenix NOUN cblr-1746 715 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 715 12 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 715 13 note note NOUN cblr-1746 715 14 183 183 NUM cblr-1746 715 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 715 16 at at ADP cblr-1746 715 17 1699 1699 NUM cblr-1746 715 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 716 1 189 189 NUM cblr-1746 717 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 717 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 717 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 717 4 1699–1702 1699–1702 NUM cblr-1746 717 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 718 1 190 190 NUM cblr-1746 719 1 i i PROPN cblr-1746 719 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 719 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 719 4 1699 1699 NUM cblr-1746 719 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 720 1 191 191 NUM cblr-1746 720 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 720 3 sec sec PROPN cblr-1746 720 4 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 720 5 tex tex PROPN cblr-1746 720 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 720 7 gulf gulf PROPN cblr-1746 720 8 sulphur sulphur NOUN cblr-1746 720 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 720 10 401 401 NUM cblr-1746 720 11 f.2d f.2d NOUN cblr-1746 720 12 833 833 NUM cblr-1746 720 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 720 14 850 850 NUM cblr-1746 720 15 n.12 n.12 NOUN cblr-1746 720 16 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 720 17 2d 2d NUM cblr-1746 720 18 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 720 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 720 20 1968 1968 NUM cblr-1746 720 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 720 22 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 720 23 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 720 24 we we PRON cblr-1746 720 25 do do AUX cblr-1746 720 26 not not PART cblr-1746 720 27 suggest suggest VERB cblr-1746 720 28 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 720 29 material material NOUN cblr-1746 720 30 facts fact NOUN cblr-1746 720 31 must must AUX cblr-1746 720 32 be be AUX cblr-1746 720 33 disclosed disclose VERB cblr-1746 720 34 immediately immediately ADV cblr-1746 720 35 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 720 36 the the DET cblr-1746 720 37 timing timing NOUN cblr-1746 720 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 720 39 disclosure disclosure NOUN cblr-1746 720 40 is be AUX cblr-1746 720 41 a a DET cblr-1746 720 42 matter matter NOUN cblr-1746 720 43 for for ADP cblr-1746 720 44 the the DET cblr-1746 720 45 business business NOUN cblr-1746 720 46 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 720 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 720 48 the the DET cblr-1746 720 49 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 720 50 officers officer NOUN cblr-1746 720 51 entrusted entrust VERB cblr-1746 720 52 with with ADP cblr-1746 720 53 the the DET cblr-1746 720 54 management management NOUN cblr-1746 720 55 of of ADP cblr-1746 720 56 the the DET cblr-1746 720 57 corporation corporation NOUN cblr-1746 720 58 within within ADP cblr-1746 720 59 the the DET cblr-1746 720 60 affirmative affirmative ADJ cblr-1746 720 61 disclosure disclosure NOUN cblr-1746 720 62 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 720 63 promulgated promulgate VERB cblr-1746 720 64 by by ADP cblr-1746 720 65 the the DET cblr-1746 720 66 exchanges exchange NOUN cblr-1746 720 67 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 720 68 by by ADP cblr-1746 720 69 the the DET cblr-1746 720 70 sec sec PROPN cblr-1746 720 71 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 720 72 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 720 73 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 720 74 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 721 1 192 192 NUM cblr-1746 721 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 721 3 in in ADP cblr-1746 721 4 re re PROPN cblr-1746 721 5 general general PROPN cblr-1746 721 6 motors motors PROPN cblr-1746 721 7 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 721 8 . . PROPN cblr-1746 721 9 pick pick PROPN cblr-1746 721 10 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 721 11 up up ADP cblr-1746 721 12 truck truck NOUN cblr-1746 721 13 fuel fuel NOUN cblr-1746 721 14 tank tank NOUN cblr-1746 721 15 prods prod VERB cblr-1746 721 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 722 1 liab liab PROPN cblr-1746 722 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 723 1 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 723 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 724 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 724 2 55 55 NUM cblr-1746 724 3 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 724 4 768 768 NUM cblr-1746 724 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 724 6 801 801 NUM cblr-1746 724 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 724 8 3d 3d NUM cblr-1746 724 9 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 724 10 . . PROPN cblr-1746 724 11 1995 1995 NUM cblr-1746 724 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 724 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 724 14 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 724 15 beyond beyond ADP cblr-1746 724 16 their their PRON cblr-1746 724 17 ethical ethical ADJ cblr-1746 724 18 obligations obligation NOUN cblr-1746 724 19 to to ADP cblr-1746 724 20 their their PRON cblr-1746 724 21 clients client NOUN cblr-1746 724 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 724 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 724 24 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 724 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 724 26 purporting purport VERB cblr-1746 724 27 to to PART cblr-1746 724 28 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 724 29 a a DET cblr-1746 724 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 724 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 724 32 also also ADV cblr-1746 724 33 owe owe VERB cblr-1746 724 34 the the DET cblr-1746 724 35 entire entire ADJ cblr-1746 724 36 class class NOUN cblr-1746 724 37 a a DET cblr-1746 724 38 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 724 39 duty duty NOUN cblr-1746 724 40 once once SCONJ cblr-1746 724 41 the the DET cblr-1746 724 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 724 43 complaint complaint NOUN cblr-1746 724 44 is be AUX cblr-1746 724 45 filed file VERB cblr-1746 724 46 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 724 47 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 724 48 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 724 49 in in ADP cblr-1746 724 50 re re NOUN cblr-1746 724 51 pet pet ADJ cblr-1746 724 52 food food NOUN cblr-1746 724 53 prods prod VERB cblr-1746 724 54 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 725 1 liab liab PROPN cblr-1746 725 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 726 1 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 726 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 727 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 727 2 629 629 NUM cblr-1746 727 3 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 727 4 333 333 NUM cblr-1746 727 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 727 6 351 351 NUM cblr-1746 727 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 727 8 3d 3d PROPN cblr-1746 727 9 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 727 10 . . PROPN cblr-1746 727 11 2010 2010 NUM cblr-1746 727 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 727 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 727 14 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 727 15 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 727 16 the the DET cblr-1746 727 17 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 727 18 have have AUX cblr-1746 727 19 not not PART cblr-1746 727 20 supplied supply VERB cblr-1746 727 21 the the DET cblr-1746 727 22 information information NOUN cblr-1746 727 23 needed need VERB cblr-1746 727 24 for for SCONJ cblr-1746 727 25 the the DET cblr-1746 727 26 court court NOUN cblr-1746 727 27 to to PART cblr-1746 727 28 determine determine VERB cblr-1746 727 29 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 727 30 the the DET cblr-1746 727 31 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 727 32 is be AUX cblr-1746 727 33 fair fair ADJ cblr-1746 727 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 727 35 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 727 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 727 37 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 727 38 adequate adequate ADJ cblr-1746 727 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 727 40 the the DET cblr-1746 727 41 court court NOUN cblr-1746 727 42 may may AUX cblr-1746 727 43 affirmatively affirmatively ADV cblr-1746 727 44 seek seek VERB cblr-1746 727 45 out out ADP cblr-1746 727 46 such such ADJ cblr-1746 727 47 information information NOUN cblr-1746 727 48 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 727 49 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 727 50 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 727 51 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 728 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 728 2 w]e w]e NOUN cblr-1746 728 3 believe believe VERB cblr-1746 728 4 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 728 5 may may AUX cblr-1746 728 6 find find VERB cblr-1746 728 7 it it PRON cblr-1746 728 8 necessary necessary ADJ cblr-1746 728 9 to to PART cblr-1746 728 10 drill drill VERB cblr-1746 728 11 down down ADP cblr-1746 728 12 into into ADP cblr-1746 728 13 the the DET cblr-1746 728 14 case case NOUN cblr-1746 728 15 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 728 16 into into ADP cblr-1746 728 17 the the DET cblr-1746 728 18 agreement agreement NOUN cblr-1746 728 19 to to PART cblr-1746 728 20 make make VERB cblr-1746 728 21 an an DET cblr-1746 728 22 independent independent ADJ cblr-1746 728 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 728 24 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 728 25 scrupulous scrupulous ADJ cblr-1746 728 26 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 728 27 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 728 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 728 29 the the DET cblr-1746 728 30 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 728 31 terms term NOUN cblr-1746 728 32 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 728 33 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 728 34 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 728 35 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 728 36 citing cite VERB cblr-1746 728 37 in in ADP cblr-1746 728 38 re re ADP cblr-1746 728 39 prudential prudential PROPN cblr-1746 728 40 ins ins PROPN cblr-1746 728 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 728 42 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 728 43 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 728 44 148 148 NUM cblr-1746 728 45 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 728 46 283 283 NUM cblr-1746 728 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 728 48 317 317 NUM cblr-1746 728 49 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 728 50 3d 3d NUM cblr-1746 728 51 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 728 52 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 728 53 1998 1998 NUM cblr-1746 728 54 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 728 55 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 728 56 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 728 57 see see VERB cblr-1746 728 58 also also ADV cblr-1746 728 59 cotton cotton NOUN cblr-1746 728 60 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 728 61 hinton hinton PROPN cblr-1746 728 62 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 728 63 559 559 NUM cblr-1746 728 64 f.2d f.2d NOUN cblr-1746 728 65 1326 1326 NUM cblr-1746 728 66 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 728 67 1331 1331 NUM cblr-1746 728 68 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 728 69 5th 5th ADJ cblr-1746 728 70 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 728 71 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 728 72 1977 1977 NUM cblr-1746 728 73 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 728 74 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 729 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 729 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 729 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 729 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 729 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 730 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 730 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 730 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 730 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 730 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 730 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 730 7 789 789 NUM cblr-1746 730 8 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 730 9 prerequisites prerequisite NOUN cblr-1746 730 10 at at ADP cblr-1746 730 11 the the DET cblr-1746 730 12 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 730 13 stage,193 stage,193 PROPN cblr-1746 730 14 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 730 15 23(g 23(g NUM cblr-1746 730 16 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 730 17 directs direct VERB cblr-1746 730 18 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 730 19 to to PART cblr-1746 730 20 independently independently ADV cblr-1746 730 21 review review VERB cblr-1746 730 22 the the DET cblr-1746 730 23 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 730 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 730 25 proposed propose VERB cblr-1746 730 26 counsel,194 counsel,194 PROPN cblr-1746 730 27 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 730 28 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 730 29 23(e)(2 23(e)(2 NUM cblr-1746 730 30 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 730 31 demands demand VERB cblr-1746 730 32 a a DET cblr-1746 730 33 review review NOUN cblr-1746 730 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 730 35 the the DET cblr-1746 730 36 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 730 37 of of ADP cblr-1746 730 38 any any DET cblr-1746 730 39 proposed propose VERB cblr-1746 730 40 settlement.195 settlement.195 NOUN cblr-1746 730 41 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 730 42 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 730 43 appears appear VERB cblr-1746 730 44 to to PART cblr-1746 730 45 allow allow VERB cblr-1746 730 46 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 730 47 to to PART cblr-1746 730 48 monitor monitor VERB cblr-1746 730 49 the the DET cblr-1746 730 50 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 730 51 of of ADP cblr-1746 730 52 class class NOUN cblr-1746 730 53 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 730 54 at at ADP cblr-1746 730 55 critical critical ADJ cblr-1746 730 56 stages stage NOUN cblr-1746 730 57 throughout throughout ADP cblr-1746 730 58 the the DET cblr-1746 730 59 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 730 60 in in ADP cblr-1746 730 61 order order NOUN cblr-1746 730 62 to to PART cblr-1746 730 63 verify verify VERB cblr-1746 730 64 that that DET cblr-1746 730 65 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 730 66 continually continually ADV cblr-1746 730 67 satisfies satisfy VERB cblr-1746 730 68 its its PRON cblr-1746 730 69 duties.196 duties.196 PROPN cblr-1746 730 70 a a DET cblr-1746 730 71 heavy heavy ADV cblr-1746 730 72 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 730 73 handed handed ADJ cblr-1746 730 74 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 730 75 to to ADP cblr-1746 730 76 the the DET cblr-1746 730 77 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 730 78 of of ADP cblr-1746 730 79 class class NOUN cblr-1746 730 80 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 730 81 might might AUX cblr-1746 730 82 entail entail VERB cblr-1746 730 83 leveraging leverage VERB cblr-1746 730 84 these these DET cblr-1746 730 85 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 730 86 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 730 87 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 730 88 in in ADP cblr-1746 730 89 tandem tandem NOUN cblr-1746 730 90 with with ADP cblr-1746 730 91 class class NOUN cblr-1746 730 92 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 730 93 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 730 94 tripartite tripartite ADJ cblr-1746 730 95 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 730 96 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 731 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 731 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 731 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 731 4 several several ADJ cblr-1746 731 5 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 731 6 have have AUX cblr-1746 731 7 required require VERB cblr-1746 731 8 representative representative ADJ cblr-1746 731 9 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 731 10 to to PART cblr-1746 731 11 act act VERB cblr-1746 731 12 like like ADP cblr-1746 731 13 a a DET cblr-1746 731 14 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 731 15 board board NOUN cblr-1746 731 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 731 17 constantly constantly ADV cblr-1746 731 18 monitoring monitor VERB cblr-1746 731 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 731 20 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 731 21 through through ADP cblr-1746 731 22 reporting reporting NOUN cblr-1746 731 23 updates update NOUN cblr-1746 731 24 similar similar ADJ cblr-1746 731 25 to to ADP cblr-1746 731 26 those those PRON cblr-1746 731 27 found find VERB cblr-1746 731 28 in in ADP cblr-1746 731 29 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 731 30 law.197 law.197 NOUN cblr-1746 731 31 this this DET cblr-1746 731 32 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 731 33 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 731 34 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 731 35 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 731 36 imposes impose VERB cblr-1746 731 37 an an DET cblr-1746 731 38 additional additional ADJ cblr-1746 731 39 fiduciary fiduciary ADJ cblr-1746 731 40 obligation obligation NOUN cblr-1746 731 41 on on ADP cblr-1746 731 42 both both CCONJ cblr-1746 731 43 the the DET cblr-1746 731 44 class class NOUN cblr-1746 731 45 representative representative NOUN cblr-1746 731 46 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 731 47 class class NOUN cblr-1746 731 48 counsel.198 counsel.198 NOUN cblr-1746 731 49 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 731 50 than than ADP cblr-1746 731 51 require require VERB cblr-1746 731 52 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 731 53 class class NOUN cblr-1746 731 54 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 731 55 merely merely ADV cblr-1746 731 56 exhibit exhibit VERB cblr-1746 731 57 some some DET cblr-1746 731 58 knowledge knowledge NOUN cblr-1746 731 59 of of ADP cblr-1746 731 60 a a DET cblr-1746 731 61 complex complex ADJ cblr-1746 731 62 class class NOUN cblr-1746 731 63 action,199 action,199 NOUN cblr-1746 731 64 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 731 65 might might AUX cblr-1746 731 66 invert invert VERB cblr-1746 731 67 193 193 NUM cblr-1746 731 68 see see NOUN cblr-1746 731 69 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 731 70 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 732 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 732 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 732 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 733 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 733 2 23(a)(4 23(a)(4 NUM cblr-1746 733 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 733 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 733 5 requiring require VERB cblr-1746 733 6 the the DET cblr-1746 733 7 representative representative ADJ cblr-1746 733 8 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 733 9 to to PART cblr-1746 733 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 733 11 fairly fairly ADV cblr-1746 733 12 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 733 13 adequately adequately ADV cblr-1746 733 14 protect protect VERB cblr-1746 733 15 the the DET cblr-1746 733 16 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 733 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 733 18 the the DET cblr-1746 733 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 733 20 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 733 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 733 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 734 1 194 194 NUM cblr-1746 734 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 734 3 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 734 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 735 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 735 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 735 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 736 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 736 2 23(g)(4 23(g)(4 NUM cblr-1746 736 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 737 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 737 2 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 737 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 737 4 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 737 5 must must AUX cblr-1746 737 6 fairly fairly ADV cblr-1746 737 7 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 737 8 adequately adequately ADV cblr-1746 737 9 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 737 10 the the DET cblr-1746 737 11 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 737 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 737 13 the the DET cblr-1746 737 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 737 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 737 16 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 737 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 737 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 738 1 195 195 NUM cblr-1746 738 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 738 3 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 738 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 739 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 739 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 739 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 740 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 740 2 23(e)(2 23(e)(2 NUM cblr-1746 740 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 740 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 740 5 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 740 6 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 740 7 the the DET cblr-1746 740 8 proposal proposal NOUN cblr-1746 740 9 would would AUX cblr-1746 740 10 bind bind VERB cblr-1746 740 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 740 12 members member NOUN cblr-1746 740 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 740 14 the the DET cblr-1746 740 15 court court NOUN cblr-1746 740 16 may may AUX cblr-1746 740 17 approve approve VERB cblr-1746 740 18 it it PRON cblr-1746 740 19 only only ADV cblr-1746 740 20 after after ADP cblr-1746 740 21 a a DET cblr-1746 740 22 hearing hearing NOUN cblr-1746 740 23 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 740 24 on on ADP cblr-1746 740 25 finding find VERB cblr-1746 740 26 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 740 27 it it PRON cblr-1746 740 28 is be AUX cblr-1746 740 29 fair fair ADJ cblr-1746 740 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 740 31 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 740 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 740 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 740 34 adequate adequate ADJ cblr-1746 740 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 740 36 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 740 37 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 740 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 741 1 196 196 NUM cblr-1746 741 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 741 3 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 741 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 742 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 742 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 742 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 743 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 743 2 23(g 23(g NUM cblr-1746 743 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 743 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 744 1 197 197 NUM cblr-1746 744 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 744 3 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 744 4 note note NOUN cblr-1746 744 5 115 115 NUM cblr-1746 744 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 744 7 198 198 NUM cblr-1746 744 8 see see NOUN cblr-1746 744 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 744 10 re re PROPN cblr-1746 744 11 cendant cendant PROPN cblr-1746 744 12 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 744 13 . . PROPN cblr-1746 744 14 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 744 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 744 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 744 17 264 264 NUM cblr-1746 744 18 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 744 19 201 201 NUM cblr-1746 744 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 744 21 276 276 NUM cblr-1746 744 22 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 744 23 3d 3d NUM cblr-1746 744 24 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 744 25 . . PROPN cblr-1746 744 26 2001 2001 NUM cblr-1746 744 27 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 744 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 744 29 stating state VERB cblr-1746 744 30 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 744 31 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 744 32 reviewing review VERB cblr-1746 744 33 a a DET cblr-1746 744 34 lead lead NOUN cblr-1746 744 35 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 744 36 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 744 37 selection selection NOUN cblr-1746 744 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 744 39 class class NOUN cblr-1746 744 40 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 744 41 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 744 42 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 744 43 should should AUX cblr-1746 744 44 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 744 45 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 744 46 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 744 47 1 1 X cblr-1746 744 48 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 744 49 the the DET cblr-1746 744 50 quantum quantum NOUN cblr-1746 744 51 of of ADP cblr-1746 744 52 legal legal ADJ cblr-1746 744 53 experience experience NOUN cblr-1746 744 54 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 744 55 sophistication sophistication NOUN cblr-1746 744 56 possessed possess VERB cblr-1746 744 57 by by ADP cblr-1746 744 58 the the DET cblr-1746 744 59 lead lead NOUN cblr-1746 744 60 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 744 61 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 744 62 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 744 63 2 2 X cblr-1746 744 64 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 744 65 the the DET cblr-1746 744 66 manner manner NOUN cblr-1746 744 67 in in ADP cblr-1746 744 68 which which PRON cblr-1746 744 69 the the DET cblr-1746 744 70 lead lead ADJ cblr-1746 744 71 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 744 72 chose choose VERB cblr-1746 744 73 what what PRON cblr-1746 744 74 law law NOUN cblr-1746 744 75 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 744 76 to to PART cblr-1746 744 77 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 744 78 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 744 79 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 744 80 3 3 X cblr-1746 744 81 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 744 82 the the DET cblr-1746 744 83 process process NOUN cblr-1746 744 84 by by ADP cblr-1746 744 85 which which PRON cblr-1746 744 86 the the DET cblr-1746 744 87 lead lead ADJ cblr-1746 744 88 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 744 89 selected select VERB cblr-1746 744 90 its its PRON cblr-1746 744 91 final final ADJ cblr-1746 744 92 choice choice NOUN cblr-1746 744 93 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 744 94 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 744 95 4 4 X cblr-1746 744 96 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 744 97 the the DET cblr-1746 744 98 qualifications qualification NOUN cblr-1746 744 99 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 744 100 experience experience NOUN cblr-1746 744 101 of of ADP cblr-1746 744 102 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 744 103 selected select VERB cblr-1746 744 104 by by ADP cblr-1746 744 105 the the DET cblr-1746 744 106 lead lead NOUN cblr-1746 744 107 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 744 108 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 744 109 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 744 110 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 744 111 5 5 X cblr-1746 744 112 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 744 113 the the DET cblr-1746 744 114 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 744 115 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 744 116 the the DET cblr-1746 744 117 retainer retainer NOUN cblr-1746 744 118 agreement agreement NOUN cblr-1746 744 119 negotiated negotiate VERB cblr-1746 744 120 by by ADP cblr-1746 744 121 the the DET cblr-1746 744 122 lead lead NOUN cblr-1746 744 123 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 744 124 was be AUX cblr-1746 744 125 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 744 126 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 744 127 was be AUX cblr-1746 744 128 not not PART cblr-1746 744 129 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 744 130 the the DET cblr-1746 744 131 product product NOUN cblr-1746 744 132 of of ADP cblr-1746 744 133 serious serious ADJ cblr-1746 744 134 negotiations negotiation NOUN cblr-1746 744 135 between between ADP cblr-1746 744 136 the the DET cblr-1746 744 137 lead lead NOUN cblr-1746 744 138 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 744 139 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 744 140 the the DET cblr-1746 744 141 prospective prospective ADJ cblr-1746 744 142 lead lead NOUN cblr-1746 744 143 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 744 144 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 744 145 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 744 146 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 745 1 199 199 NUM cblr-1746 745 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 745 3 rubenstein rubenstein PROPN cblr-1746 745 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 745 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 745 6 note note PROPN cblr-1746 745 7 156 156 NUM cblr-1746 745 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 745 9 § § PROPN cblr-1746 745 10 22:44 22:44 NUM cblr-1746 745 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 745 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 745 13 more more ADJ cblr-1746 745 14 experience experience NOUN cblr-1746 745 15 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 745 16 knowledge knowledge NOUN cblr-1746 745 17 may may AUX cblr-1746 745 18 be be AUX cblr-1746 745 19 required require VERB cblr-1746 745 20 on on ADP cblr-1746 745 21 the the DET cblr-1746 745 22 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 745 23 level level NOUN cblr-1746 745 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 746 1 securities security NOUN cblr-1746 746 2 suits suit NOUN cblr-1746 746 3 involve involve VERB cblr-1746 746 4 legal legal ADJ cblr-1746 746 5 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 746 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 746 7 terms term NOUN cblr-1746 746 8 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 746 9 a a DET cblr-1746 746 10 layperson layperson NOUN cblr-1746 746 11 may may AUX cblr-1746 746 12 find find VERB cblr-1746 746 13 confusing confusing ADJ cblr-1746 746 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 746 15 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 746 16 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 746 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 747 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 747 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 747 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 747 4 790 790 NUM cblr-1746 747 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 747 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 747 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 747 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 748 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 748 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 748 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 748 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 748 5 the the DET cblr-1746 748 6 burden burden NOUN cblr-1746 748 7 by by ADP cblr-1746 748 8 requiring require VERB cblr-1746 748 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 748 10 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 748 11 to to PART cblr-1746 748 12 provide provide VERB cblr-1746 748 13 updates update NOUN cblr-1746 748 14 to to ADP cblr-1746 748 15 the the DET cblr-1746 748 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 748 17 representative representative NOUN cblr-1746 748 18 including include VERB cblr-1746 748 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 748 20 inter inter PROPN cblr-1746 748 21 alia alia PROPN cblr-1746 748 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 748 23 a a DET cblr-1746 748 24 projection projection NOUN cblr-1746 748 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 748 26 going go VERB cblr-1746 748 27 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 748 28 forward forward NOUN cblr-1746 748 29 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 748 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 748 31 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 748 32 a a DET cblr-1746 748 33 range range NOUN cblr-1746 748 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 748 35 anticipated anticipate VERB cblr-1746 748 36 scenarios.200 scenarios.200 PROPN cblr-1746 748 37 one one NOUN cblr-1746 748 38 can can AUX cblr-1746 748 39 imagine imagine VERB cblr-1746 748 40 a a DET cblr-1746 748 41 reporting reporting NOUN cblr-1746 748 42 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 748 43 roughly roughly ADV cblr-1746 748 44 equivalent equivalent ADJ cblr-1746 748 45 to to ADP cblr-1746 748 46 a a DET cblr-1746 748 47 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 748 48 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 748 49 filing filing NOUN cblr-1746 748 50 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 748 51 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 748 52 such such ADJ cblr-1746 748 53 as as ADP cblr-1746 748 54 an an DET cblr-1746 748 55 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 748 56 earnings earning NOUN cblr-1746 748 57 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 748 58 report report NOUN cblr-1746 748 59 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 748 60 that that PRON cblr-1746 748 61 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 748 62 the the DET cblr-1746 748 63 court court NOUN cblr-1746 748 64 with with ADP cblr-1746 748 65 a a DET cblr-1746 748 66 baseline baseline NOUN cblr-1746 748 67 against against ADP cblr-1746 748 68 which which PRON cblr-1746 748 69 to to PART cblr-1746 748 70 measure measure VERB cblr-1746 748 71 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 748 72 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 748 73 performance performance NOUN cblr-1746 748 74 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 749 1 the the DET cblr-1746 749 2 court court NOUN cblr-1746 749 3 may may AUX cblr-1746 749 4 use use VERB cblr-1746 749 5 this this DET cblr-1746 749 6 information information NOUN cblr-1746 749 7 to to PART cblr-1746 749 8 encourage encourage VERB cblr-1746 749 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 749 10 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 749 11 to to PART cblr-1746 749 12 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 749 13 alternative alternative ADJ cblr-1746 749 14 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 749 15 in in ADP cblr-1746 749 16 the the DET cblr-1746 749 17 event event NOUN cblr-1746 749 18 that that PRON cblr-1746 749 19 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 749 20 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 749 21 performance performance NOUN cblr-1746 749 22 appears appear VERB cblr-1746 749 23 inadequate.201 inadequate.201 VERB cblr-1746 749 24 within within ADP cblr-1746 749 25 this this DET cblr-1746 749 26 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 749 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 749 28 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 749 29 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 749 30 supplies supply NOUN cblr-1746 749 31 the the DET cblr-1746 749 32 tools tool NOUN cblr-1746 749 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 749 34 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 749 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 749 36 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 749 37 the the DET cblr-1746 749 38 form form NOUN cblr-1746 749 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 749 40 to to PART cblr-1746 749 41 remedy remedy VERB cblr-1746 749 42 market market NOUN cblr-1746 749 43 failure failure NOUN cblr-1746 749 44 via via ADP cblr-1746 749 45 a a DET cblr-1746 749 46 heavy heavy ADV cblr-1746 749 47 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 749 48 handed handed ADJ cblr-1746 749 49 adequacy adequacy NOUN cblr-1746 749 50 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 749 51 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 750 1 b. b. PROPN cblr-1746 750 2 external external ADJ cblr-1746 750 3 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 750 4 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 750 5 make make VERB cblr-1746 750 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 750 7 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 750 8 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 750 9 buy buy VERB cblr-1746 750 10 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 750 11 the the DET cblr-1746 750 12 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 750 13 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 750 14 advises advise VERB cblr-1746 750 15 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 750 16 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 750 17 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 750 18 those those DET cblr-1746 750 19 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 750 20 portions portion NOUN cblr-1746 750 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 750 22 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 750 23 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 750 24 that that PRON cblr-1746 750 25 relate relate VERB cblr-1746 750 26 to to ADP cblr-1746 750 27 external external ADJ cblr-1746 750 28 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 750 29 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 750 30 the the DET cblr-1746 750 31 size size NOUN cblr-1746 750 32 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 750 33 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 750 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 750 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 750 36 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 750 37 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 750 38 with with ADP cblr-1746 750 39 a a DET cblr-1746 750 40 light light ADJ cblr-1746 750 41 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 750 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 751 1 not not PART cblr-1746 751 2 only only ADV cblr-1746 751 3 are be AUX cblr-1746 751 4 there there PRON cblr-1746 751 5 market market NOUN cblr-1746 751 6 forces force NOUN cblr-1746 751 7 that that PRON cblr-1746 751 8 will will AUX cblr-1746 751 9 often often ADV cblr-1746 751 10 naturally naturally ADV cblr-1746 751 11 constrain constrain VERB cblr-1746 751 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 751 13 action action NOUN cblr-1746 751 14 growth growth NOUN cblr-1746 751 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 751 16 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 751 17 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 751 18 concerning concern VERB cblr-1746 751 19 external external ADJ cblr-1746 751 20 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 751 21 can can AUX cblr-1746 751 22 extend extend VERB cblr-1746 751 23 beyond beyond ADP cblr-1746 751 24 the the DET cblr-1746 751 25 judiciary judiciary NOUN cblr-1746 751 26 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 751 27 core core NOUN cblr-1746 751 28 competencies competency NOUN cblr-1746 751 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 752 1 the the DET cblr-1746 752 2 composition composition NOUN cblr-1746 752 3 of of ADP cblr-1746 752 4 a a DET cblr-1746 752 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 752 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 752 7 its its PRON cblr-1746 752 8 size size NOUN cblr-1746 752 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 752 10 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 752 11 the the DET cblr-1746 752 12 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 752 13 to to PART cblr-1746 752 14 add add VERB cblr-1746 752 15 a a DET cblr-1746 752 16 group group NOUN cblr-1746 752 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 752 18 similarly similarly ADV cblr-1746 752 19 situated situate VERB cblr-1746 752 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 752 21 yet yet CCONJ cblr-1746 752 22 subtly subtly ADV cblr-1746 752 23 distinct distinct ADJ cblr-1746 752 24 individuals individual NOUN cblr-1746 752 25 to to ADP cblr-1746 752 26 the the DET cblr-1746 752 27 action action NOUN cblr-1746 752 28 are be AUX cblr-1746 752 29 all all PRON cblr-1746 752 30 business business NOUN cblr-1746 752 31 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 752 32 like like ADJ cblr-1746 752 33 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 752 34 made make VERB cblr-1746 752 35 by by ADP cblr-1746 752 36 the the DET cblr-1746 752 37 class class NOUN cblr-1746 752 38 entrepreneur entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 752 39 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 753 1 determining determine VERB cblr-1746 753 2 200 200 NUM cblr-1746 753 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 753 4 might might AUX cblr-1746 753 5 review review VERB cblr-1746 753 6 these these DET cblr-1746 753 7 reports report NOUN cblr-1746 753 8 on on ADP cblr-1746 753 9 the the DET cblr-1746 753 10 record record NOUN cblr-1746 753 11 for for ADP cblr-1746 753 12 something something PRON cblr-1746 753 13 close close ADJ cblr-1746 753 14 to to ADP cblr-1746 753 15 an an DET cblr-1746 753 16 appellate appellate ADJ cblr-1746 753 17 court court NOUN cblr-1746 753 18 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 753 19 abuse abuse NOUN cblr-1746 753 20 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 753 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 753 22 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 753 23 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 753 24 review review NOUN cblr-1746 753 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 753 26 a a DET cblr-1746 753 27 lower low ADJ cblr-1746 753 28 court court NOUN cblr-1746 753 29 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 753 30 findings finding NOUN cblr-1746 753 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 753 32 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 753 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 754 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 754 2 in in ADP cblr-1746 754 3 re re NOUN cblr-1746 754 4 diet diet NOUN cblr-1746 754 5 drugs drug NOUN cblr-1746 754 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 754 7 582 582 NUM cblr-1746 754 8 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 754 9 524 524 NUM cblr-1746 754 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 754 11 538 538 NUM cblr-1746 754 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 754 13 3d 3d NUM cblr-1746 754 14 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 754 15 . . PROPN cblr-1746 754 16 2009 2009 NUM cblr-1746 754 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 754 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 754 19 reviewing review VERB cblr-1746 754 20 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 754 21 award award NOUN cblr-1746 754 22 for for ADP cblr-1746 754 23 abuse abuse NOUN cblr-1746 754 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 754 25 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 754 26 on on ADP cblr-1746 754 27 the the DET cblr-1746 754 28 record record NOUN cblr-1746 754 29 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 754 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 755 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 755 2 this this PRON cblr-1746 755 3 may may AUX cblr-1746 755 4 still still ADV cblr-1746 755 5 allow allow VERB cblr-1746 755 6 impropriety impropriety NOUN cblr-1746 755 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 755 8 the the DET cblr-1746 755 9 reporting reporting NOUN cblr-1746 755 10 itself itself PRON cblr-1746 755 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 755 12 it it PRON cblr-1746 755 13 nonetheless nonetheless ADV cblr-1746 755 14 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 755 15 an an DET cblr-1746 755 16 additional additional ADJ cblr-1746 755 17 level level NOUN cblr-1746 755 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 755 19 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 755 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 756 1 this this DET cblr-1746 756 2 ex ex NOUN cblr-1746 756 3 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 756 4 monitoring monitoring NOUN cblr-1746 756 5 may may AUX cblr-1746 756 6 aid aid VERB cblr-1746 756 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 756 8 preventing prevent VERB cblr-1746 756 9 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 756 10 awards award NOUN cblr-1746 756 11 from from ADP cblr-1746 756 12 being be AUX cblr-1746 756 13 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 756 14 locked lock VERB cblr-1746 756 15 in in ADV cblr-1746 756 16 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 756 17 by by ADP cblr-1746 756 18 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 756 19 ex ex X cblr-1746 756 20 post post NOUN cblr-1746 756 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 757 1 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 757 2 may may AUX cblr-1746 757 3 further far ADV cblr-1746 757 4 require require VERB cblr-1746 757 5 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 757 6 these these DET cblr-1746 757 7 reports report NOUN cblr-1746 757 8 comply comply VERB cblr-1746 757 9 with with ADP cblr-1746 757 10 something something PRON cblr-1746 757 11 similar similar ADJ cblr-1746 757 12 to to PART cblr-1746 757 13 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 757 14 accepted accept VERB cblr-1746 757 15 accounting accounting NOUN cblr-1746 757 16 procedure procedure NOUN cblr-1746 757 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 757 18 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 757 19 gaap gaap NOUN cblr-1746 757 20 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 757 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 757 22 principles principle NOUN cblr-1746 757 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 757 24 which which PRON cblr-1746 757 25 may may AUX cblr-1746 757 26 prove prove VERB cblr-1746 757 27 more more ADV cblr-1746 757 28 susceptible susceptible ADJ cblr-1746 757 29 to to ADP cblr-1746 757 30 review review VERB cblr-1746 757 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 758 1 201 201 NUM cblr-1746 758 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 758 3 7a 7a PROPN cblr-1746 758 4 wright wright PROPN cblr-1746 758 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 758 6 miller miller PROPN cblr-1746 758 7 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 758 8 kane kane PROPN cblr-1746 758 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 758 10 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 758 11 note note PROPN cblr-1746 758 12 14 14 NUM cblr-1746 758 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 758 14 § § PROPN cblr-1746 758 15 1765 1765 NUM cblr-1746 758 16 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 758 17 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 758 18 a a DET cblr-1746 758 19 favorable favorable ADJ cblr-1746 758 20 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 758 21 under under ADP cblr-1746 758 22 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 758 23 23(a)(4 23(a)(4 NUM cblr-1746 758 24 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 758 25 is be AUX cblr-1746 758 26 not not PART cblr-1746 758 27 immutable immutable ADJ cblr-1746 758 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 758 29 however however ADV cblr-1746 758 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 759 1 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 759 2 later late ADJ cblr-1746 759 3 events event NOUN cblr-1746 759 4 demonstrate demonstrate VERB cblr-1746 759 5 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 759 6 the the DET cblr-1746 759 7 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 759 8 are be AUX cblr-1746 759 9 not not PART cblr-1746 759 10 adequately adequately ADV cblr-1746 759 11 protecting protect VERB cblr-1746 759 12 the the DET cblr-1746 759 13 absentees absentee NOUN cblr-1746 759 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 759 15 the the DET cblr-1746 759 16 court court NOUN cblr-1746 759 17 may may AUX cblr-1746 759 18 take take VERB cblr-1746 759 19 whatever whatever DET cblr-1746 759 20 steps step NOUN cblr-1746 759 21 it it PRON cblr-1746 759 22 deems deem VERB cblr-1746 759 23 necessary necessary ADJ cblr-1746 759 24 under under ADP cblr-1746 759 25 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 759 26 23(c 23(c NUM cblr-1746 759 27 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 759 28 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 759 29 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 759 30 23(d 23(d NOUN cblr-1746 759 31 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 759 32 at at ADP cblr-1746 759 33 that that DET cblr-1746 759 34 time time NOUN cblr-1746 759 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 759 36 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 759 37 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 759 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 760 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 760 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 760 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 760 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 760 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 761 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 761 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 761 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 761 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 761 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 761 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 761 7 791 791 NUM cblr-1746 761 8 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 761 9 to to PART cblr-1746 761 10 invest invest VERB cblr-1746 761 11 the the DET cblr-1746 761 12 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 761 13 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 761 14 necessary necessary ADJ cblr-1746 761 15 to to PART cblr-1746 761 16 demonstrate demonstrate VERB cblr-1746 761 17 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 761 18 a a DET cblr-1746 761 19 group group NOUN cblr-1746 761 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 761 21 geographically geographically ADV cblr-1746 761 22 dispersed disperse VERB cblr-1746 761 23 individuals individual NOUN cblr-1746 761 24 were be AUX cblr-1746 761 25 harmed harm VERB cblr-1746 761 26 by by ADP cblr-1746 761 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 761 28 for for ADP cblr-1746 761 29 example example NOUN cblr-1746 761 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 761 31 one one NUM cblr-1746 761 32 of of ADP cblr-1746 761 33 four four NUM cblr-1746 761 34 distinct distinct ADJ cblr-1746 761 35 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 761 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 761 37 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 761 38 impact,202 impact,202 PROPN cblr-1746 761 39 requires require VERB cblr-1746 761 40 far far ADV cblr-1746 761 41 more more ADV cblr-1746 761 42 than than ADP cblr-1746 761 43 assessing assess VERB cblr-1746 761 44 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 761 45 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 761 46 one one NUM cblr-1746 761 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 761 48 these these DET cblr-1746 761 49 things thing NOUN cblr-1746 761 50 is be AUX cblr-1746 761 51 not not PART cblr-1746 761 52 like like ADP cblr-1746 761 53 the the DET cblr-1746 761 54 others other NOUN cblr-1746 761 55 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 761 56 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 762 1 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 762 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 762 3 this this PRON cblr-1746 762 4 is be AUX cblr-1746 762 5 a a DET cblr-1746 762 6 complex complex ADJ cblr-1746 762 7 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 762 8 costly costly ADJ cblr-1746 762 9 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 762 10 that that PRON cblr-1746 762 11 requires require VERB cblr-1746 762 12 a a DET cblr-1746 762 13 self self NOUN cblr-1746 762 14 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 762 15 interested interested ADJ cblr-1746 762 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 762 17 profit profit NOUN cblr-1746 762 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 762 19 maximizing maximize VERB cblr-1746 762 20 entrepreneur entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 762 21 to to PART cblr-1746 762 22 weigh weigh VERB cblr-1746 762 23 the the DET cblr-1746 762 24 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 762 25 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 762 26 benefits benefit NOUN cblr-1746 762 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 762 28 expanding expand VERB cblr-1746 762 29 the the DET cblr-1746 762 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 762 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 763 1 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 763 2 exhibit exhibit VERB cblr-1746 763 3 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 763 4 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 763 5 to to ADP cblr-1746 763 6 comparable comparable ADJ cblr-1746 763 7 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 763 8 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 763 9 making making NOUN cblr-1746 763 10 in in ADP cblr-1746 763 11 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 763 12 law law NOUN cblr-1746 763 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 764 1 the the DET cblr-1746 764 2 business business NOUN cblr-1746 764 3 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 764 4 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 764 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 764 6 a a DET cblr-1746 764 7 paragon paragon NOUN cblr-1746 764 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 764 9 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 764 10 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 764 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 764 12 establishes establish VERB cblr-1746 764 13 a a DET cblr-1746 764 14 presumption presumption NOUN cblr-1746 764 15 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 764 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 764 17 a a DET cblr-1746 764 18 corporation corporation NOUN cblr-1746 764 19 acted act VERB cblr-1746 764 20 on on ADP cblr-1746 764 21 an an DET cblr-1746 764 22 informed informed ADJ cblr-1746 764 23 basis basis NOUN cblr-1746 764 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 764 25 in in ADP cblr-1746 764 26 good good ADJ cblr-1746 764 27 faith faith NOUN cblr-1746 764 28 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 764 29 in in ADP cblr-1746 764 30 the the DET cblr-1746 764 31 honest honest ADJ cblr-1746 764 32 belief belief NOUN cblr-1746 764 33 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 764 34 the the DET cblr-1746 764 35 action action NOUN cblr-1746 764 36 taken take VERB cblr-1746 764 37 was be AUX cblr-1746 764 38 in in ADP cblr-1746 764 39 the the DET cblr-1746 764 40 best good ADJ cblr-1746 764 41 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 764 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 764 43 the the DET cblr-1746 764 44 company company NOUN cblr-1746 764 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 764 46 ”203 ”203 PUNCT cblr-1746 765 1 this this DET cblr-1746 765 2 bedrock bedrock NOUN cblr-1746 765 3 of of ADP cblr-1746 765 4 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 765 5 law law NOUN cblr-1746 765 6 explains explain VERB cblr-1746 765 7 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 765 8 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 765 9 typical typical ADJ cblr-1746 765 10 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 765 11 to to ADP cblr-1746 765 12 the the DET cblr-1746 765 13 managerial managerial ADJ cblr-1746 765 14 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 765 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 765 16 directors.204 directors.204 PROPN cblr-1746 765 17 consequently consequently ADV cblr-1746 765 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 765 19 even even ADV cblr-1746 765 20 clear clear ADJ cblr-1746 765 21 errors error NOUN cblr-1746 765 22 in in ADP cblr-1746 765 23 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 765 24 will will AUX cblr-1746 765 25 not not PART cblr-1746 765 26 ordinarily ordinarily ADV cblr-1746 765 27 result result VERB cblr-1746 765 28 in in ADP cblr-1746 765 29 liability.205 liability.205 PROPN cblr-1746 765 30 at at ADV cblr-1746 765 31 least least ADV cblr-1746 765 32 three three NUM cblr-1746 765 33 considerations consideration NOUN cblr-1746 765 34 are be AUX cblr-1746 765 35 cited cite VERB cblr-1746 765 36 in in ADP cblr-1746 765 37 defense defense NOUN cblr-1746 765 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 765 39 the the DET cblr-1746 765 40 business business NOUN cblr-1746 765 41 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 765 42 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 765 43 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 766 1 first first ADV cblr-1746 766 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 766 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 766 4 are be AUX cblr-1746 766 5 thought think VERB cblr-1746 766 6 to to PART cblr-1746 766 7 lack lack VERB cblr-1746 766 8 the the DET cblr-1746 766 9 institutional institutional ADJ cblr-1746 766 10 ability ability NOUN cblr-1746 766 11 to to PART cblr-1746 766 12 readily readily ADV cblr-1746 766 13 evaluate evaluate VERB cblr-1746 766 14 complex complex ADJ cblr-1746 766 15 business business NOUN cblr-1746 766 16 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 766 17 ex ex PRON cblr-1746 766 18 post.206 post.206 NOUN cblr-1746 766 19 augmenting augment VERB cblr-1746 766 20 this this DET cblr-1746 766 21 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 766 22 is be AUX cblr-1746 766 23 the the DET cblr-1746 766 24 202 202 NUM cblr-1746 766 25 see see VERB cblr-1746 766 26 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 766 27 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 766 28 . . PROPN cblr-1746 767 1 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 767 2 behrend behrend NOUN cblr-1746 767 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 767 4 133 133 NUM cblr-1746 767 5 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 767 6 ct ct PROPN cblr-1746 767 7 . . PROPN cblr-1746 767 8 1426 1426 NUM cblr-1746 767 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 767 10 1430–31 1430–31 NUM cblr-1746 767 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 767 12 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 767 13 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 767 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 768 1 203 203 NUM cblr-1746 768 2 aronson aronson PROPN cblr-1746 768 3 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 768 4 lewis lewis PROPN cblr-1746 768 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 768 6 473 473 NUM cblr-1746 768 7 a.2d a.2d SYM cblr-1746 768 8 805 805 NUM cblr-1746 768 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 768 10 812 812 NUM cblr-1746 768 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 768 12 del del PROPN cblr-1746 768 13 . . PROPN cblr-1746 768 14 1984 1984 NUM cblr-1746 768 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 768 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 769 1 204 204 NUM cblr-1746 769 2 paramount paramount PROPN cblr-1746 769 3 commc’ns commc’ns PROPN cblr-1746 769 4 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 769 5 . . PROPN cblr-1746 770 1 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 770 2 qvc qvc PROPN cblr-1746 770 3 network network PROPN cblr-1746 770 4 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 770 5 . . PROPN cblr-1746 770 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 770 7 637 637 NUM cblr-1746 770 8 a.2d a.2d SYM cblr-1746 770 9 34 34 NUM cblr-1746 770 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 770 11 45 45 NUM cblr-1746 770 12 n.17 n.17 PROPN cblr-1746 770 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 770 14 del del PROPN cblr-1746 770 15 . . PROPN cblr-1746 770 16 1994 1994 NUM cblr-1746 770 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 770 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 771 1 205 205 NUM cblr-1746 771 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 771 3 brehm brehm NOUN cblr-1746 771 4 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 771 5 eisner eisner PROPN cblr-1746 771 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 771 7 746 746 NUM cblr-1746 771 8 a.2d a.2d SYM cblr-1746 771 9 244 244 NUM cblr-1746 771 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 771 11 264 264 NUM cblr-1746 771 12 n.66 n.66 NOUN cblr-1746 771 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 771 14 del del PROPN cblr-1746 771 15 . . PROPN cblr-1746 771 16 2000 2000 NUM cblr-1746 771 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 771 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 771 19 stating state VERB cblr-1746 771 20 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 771 21 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 771 22 directors director NOUN cblr-1746 771 23 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 771 24 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 771 25 will will AUX cblr-1746 771 26 be be AUX cblr-1746 771 27 respected respect VERB cblr-1746 771 28 by by ADP cblr-1746 771 29 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 771 30 unless unless SCONJ cblr-1746 771 31 the the DET cblr-1746 771 32 directors director NOUN cblr-1746 771 33 are be AUX cblr-1746 771 34 interested interested ADJ cblr-1746 771 35 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 771 36 lack lack VERB cblr-1746 771 37 independence independence NOUN cblr-1746 771 38 relative relative ADJ cblr-1746 771 39 to to ADP cblr-1746 771 40 the the DET cblr-1746 771 41 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 771 42 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 771 43 do do AUX cblr-1746 771 44 not not PART cblr-1746 771 45 act act VERB cblr-1746 771 46 in in ADP cblr-1746 771 47 good good ADJ cblr-1746 771 48 faith faith NOUN cblr-1746 771 49 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 771 50 act act VERB cblr-1746 771 51 in in ADP cblr-1746 771 52 a a DET cblr-1746 771 53 manner manner NOUN cblr-1746 771 54 that that PRON cblr-1746 771 55 can can AUX cblr-1746 771 56 not not PART cblr-1746 771 57 be be AUX cblr-1746 771 58 attributed attribute VERB cblr-1746 771 59 to to ADP cblr-1746 771 60 a a DET cblr-1746 771 61 rational rational ADJ cblr-1746 771 62 business business NOUN cblr-1746 771 63 purpose purpose NOUN cblr-1746 771 64 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 771 65 reach reach VERB cblr-1746 771 66 their their PRON cblr-1746 771 67 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 771 68 by by ADP cblr-1746 771 69 a a DET cblr-1746 771 70 grossly grossly ADV cblr-1746 771 71 negligent negligent ADJ cblr-1746 771 72 process process NOUN cblr-1746 771 73 that that PRON cblr-1746 771 74 includes include VERB cblr-1746 771 75 the the DET cblr-1746 771 76 failure failure NOUN cblr-1746 771 77 to to PART cblr-1746 771 78 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 771 79 all all DET cblr-1746 771 80 material material NOUN cblr-1746 771 81 facts fact NOUN cblr-1746 771 82 reasonably reasonably ADV cblr-1746 771 83 available available ADJ cblr-1746 771 84 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 771 85 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 771 86 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 771 87 strassburger strassburger PROPN cblr-1746 771 88 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 771 89 earley earley PROPN cblr-1746 771 90 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 771 91 752 752 NUM cblr-1746 771 92 a.2d a.2d NUM cblr-1746 771 93 557 557 NUM cblr-1746 771 94 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 771 95 582 582 NUM cblr-1746 771 96 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 771 97 del del PROPN cblr-1746 771 98 . . PROPN cblr-1746 771 99 ch ch PROPN cblr-1746 771 100 . . PROPN cblr-1746 771 101 2000 2000 NUM cblr-1746 771 102 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 771 103 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 771 104 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 771 105 the the DET cblr-1746 771 106 business business NOUN cblr-1746 771 107 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 771 108 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 771 109 shields shield NOUN cblr-1746 771 110 directors director NOUN cblr-1746 771 111 from from ADP cblr-1746 771 112 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 771 113 for for ADP cblr-1746 771 114 good good ADJ cblr-1746 771 115 faith faith NOUN cblr-1746 771 116 business business NOUN cblr-1746 771 117 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 771 118 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 771 119 even even ADV cblr-1746 771 120 those those PRON cblr-1746 771 121 that that PRON cblr-1746 771 122 turn turn VERB cblr-1746 771 123 out out ADP cblr-1746 771 124 to to PART cblr-1746 771 125 be be AUX cblr-1746 771 126 mistaken mistake VERB cblr-1746 771 127 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 771 128 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 771 129 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 771 130 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 772 1 206 206 NUM cblr-1746 772 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 772 3 nixon nixon PROPN cblr-1746 772 4 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 772 5 blackwell blackwell PROPN cblr-1746 772 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 772 7 626 626 NUM cblr-1746 772 8 a.2d a.2d NUM cblr-1746 772 9 1366 1366 NUM cblr-1746 772 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 772 11 1378 1378 NUM cblr-1746 772 12 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 772 13 n.14 n.14 PROPN cblr-1746 772 14 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 772 15 del del PROPN cblr-1746 772 16 . . PROPN cblr-1746 772 17 1993 1993 NUM cblr-1746 772 18 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 772 19 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 772 20 see see VERB cblr-1746 772 21 also also ADV cblr-1746 772 22 daniel daniel PROPN cblr-1746 772 23 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 772 24 fischel fischel PROPN cblr-1746 772 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 772 26 the the DET cblr-1746 772 27 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 772 28 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 772 29 movement movement NOUN cblr-1746 772 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 772 31 35 35 NUM cblr-1746 772 32 vand vand NOUN cblr-1746 772 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 773 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 773 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 773 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 773 4 1259 1259 NUM cblr-1746 773 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 773 6 1288 1288 NUM cblr-1746 773 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 773 8 1982 1982 NUM cblr-1746 773 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 773 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 773 11 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 773 12 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 773 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 773 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 774 1 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 775 1 do do AUX cblr-1746 775 2 not not PART cblr-1746 775 3 possess possess VERB cblr-1746 775 4 the the DET cblr-1746 775 5 experience experience NOUN cblr-1746 775 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 775 7 expertise expertise NOUN cblr-1746 775 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 775 9 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 775 10 information information NOUN cblr-1746 775 11 necessary necessary ADJ cblr-1746 775 12 to to PART cblr-1746 775 13 make make VERB cblr-1746 775 14 complicated complicated ADJ cblr-1746 775 15 business business NOUN cblr-1746 775 16 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 775 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 775 18 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 775 19 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 775 20 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 775 21 ryan ryan PROPN cblr-1746 775 22 scarborough scarborough PROPN cblr-1746 775 23 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 775 24 richard richard PROPN cblr-1746 775 25 olderman olderman PROPN cblr-1746 775 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 775 27 why why SCONJ cblr-1746 775 28 does do AUX cblr-1746 775 29 the the DET cblr-1746 775 30 fdic fdic PROPN cblr-1746 775 31 sue sue PROPN cblr-1746 775 32 bank bank NOUN cblr-1746 775 33 officers officer NOUN cblr-1746 775 34 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 776 1 exploring explore VERB cblr-1746 776 2 the the DET cblr-1746 776 3 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 776 4 of of ADP cblr-1746 776 5 the the DET cblr-1746 776 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 776 7 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 776 8 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 776 9 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 776 10 final final ADJ cblr-1746 776 11 792 792 NUM cblr-1746 776 12 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 776 13 business business NOUN cblr-1746 776 14 law law PROPN cblr-1746 776 15 review review NOUN cblr-1746 776 16 [ [ X cblr-1746 776 17 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 776 18 . . NOUN cblr-1746 776 19 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 776 20 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 776 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 776 22 hindsight hindsight ADJ cblr-1746 776 23 bias bias NOUN cblr-1746 776 24 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 776 25 a a DET cblr-1746 776 26 business business NOUN cblr-1746 776 27 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 776 28 brought bring VERB cblr-1746 776 29 before before SCONJ cblr-1746 776 30 a a DET cblr-1746 776 31 court court NOUN cblr-1746 776 32 is be AUX cblr-1746 776 33 likely likely ADJ cblr-1746 776 34 to to PART cblr-1746 776 35 have have AUX cblr-1746 776 36 ended end VERB cblr-1746 776 37 poorly poorly ADV cblr-1746 776 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 776 39 which which PRON cblr-1746 776 40 may may AUX cblr-1746 776 41 bias bias VERB cblr-1746 776 42 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 776 43 the the DET cblr-1746 776 44 court court NOUN cblr-1746 776 45 views view VERB cblr-1746 776 46 that that DET cblr-1746 776 47 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 776 48 with with ADP cblr-1746 776 49 the the DET cblr-1746 776 50 benefit benefit NOUN cblr-1746 776 51 of of ADP cblr-1746 776 52 hindsight.207 hindsight.207 NOUN cblr-1746 776 53 second second ADJ cblr-1746 776 54 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 776 55 market market NOUN cblr-1746 776 56 mechanisms mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 776 57 obviate obviate VERB cblr-1746 776 58 the the DET cblr-1746 776 59 need need NOUN cblr-1746 776 60 for for ADP cblr-1746 776 61 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 776 62 interference interference NOUN cblr-1746 776 63 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 776 64 those those PRON cblr-1746 776 65 who who PRON cblr-1746 776 66 make make VERB cblr-1746 776 67 poor poor ADJ cblr-1746 776 68 business business NOUN cblr-1746 776 69 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 776 70 are be AUX cblr-1746 776 71 likely likely ADJ cblr-1746 776 72 to to PART cblr-1746 776 73 be be AUX cblr-1746 776 74 sanctioned sanction VERB cblr-1746 776 75 by by ADP cblr-1746 776 76 their their PRON cblr-1746 776 77 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 776 78 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 776 79 lose lose VERB cblr-1746 776 80 profits.208 profits.208 NOUN cblr-1746 776 81 this this DET cblr-1746 776 82 self self NOUN cblr-1746 776 83 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 776 84 regulating regulate VERB cblr-1746 776 85 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 776 86 market market NOUN cblr-1746 776 87 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 776 88 based base VERB cblr-1746 776 89 process process NOUN cblr-1746 776 90 is be AUX cblr-1746 776 91 all all DET cblr-1746 776 92 the the PRON cblr-1746 776 93 more more ADV cblr-1746 776 94 useful useful ADJ cblr-1746 776 95 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 776 96 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 776 97 are be AUX cblr-1746 776 98 centralized centralize VERB cblr-1746 776 99 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 776 100 confined confine VERB cblr-1746 776 101 to to ADP cblr-1746 776 102 a a DET cblr-1746 776 103 discrete discrete ADJ cblr-1746 776 104 cadre cadre NOUN cblr-1746 776 105 of of ADP cblr-1746 776 106 identifiable identifiable ADJ cblr-1746 776 107 agents.209 agents.209 NOUN cblr-1746 776 108 finally finally ADV cblr-1746 776 109 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 776 110 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 776 111 recognize recognize VERB cblr-1746 776 112 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 776 113 the the DET cblr-1746 776 114 specter specter NOUN cblr-1746 776 115 of of ADP cblr-1746 776 116 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 776 117 review review NOUN cblr-1746 776 118 might might AUX cblr-1746 776 119 deter deter VERB cblr-1746 776 120 socially socially ADV cblr-1746 776 121 desirable desirable ADJ cblr-1746 776 122 activity activity NOUN cblr-1746 776 123 levels.210 levels.210 NOUN cblr-1746 776 124 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 776 125 in in ADP cblr-1746 776 126 the the DET cblr-1746 776 127 wake wake NOUN cblr-1746 776 128 of of ADP cblr-1746 776 129 the the DET cblr-1746 776 130 great great ADJ cblr-1746 776 131 recession recession NOUN cblr-1746 776 132 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 776 133 20 20 NUM cblr-1746 776 134 fordham fordham PROPN cblr-1746 776 135 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 776 136 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 776 137 . . PROPN cblr-1746 776 138 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 776 139 fin fin PROPN cblr-1746 776 140 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 777 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 777 2 367 367 NUM cblr-1746 777 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 777 4 374 374 NUM cblr-1746 777 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 777 6 2015 2015 NUM cblr-1746 777 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 777 8 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 777 9 noting note VERB cblr-1746 777 10 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 777 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 777 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 777 13 as as ADP cblr-1746 777 14 a a DET cblr-1746 777 15 matter matter NOUN cblr-1746 777 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 777 17 institutional institutional ADJ cblr-1746 777 18 competence competence NOUN cblr-1746 777 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 777 20 judges judge NOUN cblr-1746 777 21 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 777 22 juries jury NOUN cblr-1746 777 23 are be AUX cblr-1746 777 24 poorly poorly ADV cblr-1746 777 25 positioned position VERB cblr-1746 777 26 to to PART cblr-1746 777 27 assess assess VERB cblr-1746 777 28 the the DET cblr-1746 777 29 propriety propriety NOUN cblr-1746 777 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 777 31 complex complex ADJ cblr-1746 777 32 business business NOUN cblr-1746 777 33 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 777 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 777 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 777 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 777 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 778 1 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 778 2 they they PRON cblr-1746 778 3 lack lack VERB cblr-1746 778 4 the the DET cblr-1746 778 5 specialized specialized ADJ cblr-1746 778 6 skill skill NOUN cblr-1746 778 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 778 8 knowledge knowledge NOUN cblr-1746 778 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 778 10 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 778 11 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 778 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 778 13 actual actual ADJ cblr-1746 778 14 businessmen businessman NOUN cblr-1746 778 15 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 778 16 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 778 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 779 1 207 207 NUM cblr-1746 779 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 779 3 joy joy NOUN cblr-1746 779 4 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 779 5 north north NOUN cblr-1746 779 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 779 7 692 692 NUM cblr-1746 779 8 f.2d f.2d NUM cblr-1746 779 9 880 880 NUM cblr-1746 779 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 779 11 886 886 NUM cblr-1746 779 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 779 13 2d 2d NUM cblr-1746 779 14 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 779 15 . . PROPN cblr-1746 779 16 1982 1982 NUM cblr-1746 779 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 779 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 779 19 professing profess VERB cblr-1746 779 20 a a DET cblr-1746 779 21 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 779 22 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 779 23 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 779 24 a a DET cblr-1746 779 25 reasoned reasoned ADJ cblr-1746 779 26 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 779 27 at at ADP cblr-1746 779 28 the the DET cblr-1746 779 29 time time NOUN cblr-1746 779 30 made make VERB cblr-1746 779 31 may may AUX cblr-1746 779 32 seem seem VERB cblr-1746 779 33 a a DET cblr-1746 779 34 wild wild ADJ cblr-1746 779 35 hunch hunch NOUN cblr-1746 779 36 viewed view VERB cblr-1746 779 37 years year NOUN cblr-1746 779 38 later later ADV cblr-1746 779 39 against against ADP cblr-1746 779 40 a a DET cblr-1746 779 41 background background NOUN cblr-1746 779 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 779 43 perfect perfect ADJ cblr-1746 779 44 knowledge knowledge NOUN cblr-1746 779 45 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 779 46 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 779 47 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 779 48 see see VERB cblr-1746 779 49 also also ADV cblr-1746 779 50 johnson johnson PROPN cblr-1746 779 51 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 779 52 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 779 53 note note PROPN cblr-1746 779 54 149 149 NUM cblr-1746 779 55 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 779 56 at at ADP cblr-1746 779 57 456–57 456–57 NUM cblr-1746 779 58 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 779 59 noting note VERB cblr-1746 779 60 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 779 61 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 779 62 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 779 63 worry worry VERB cblr-1746 779 64 about about ADP cblr-1746 779 65 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 779 66 hindsight hindsight ADJ cblr-1746 779 67 bias bias NOUN cblr-1746 779 68 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 779 69 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 779 70 the the DET cblr-1746 779 71 tendency tendency NOUN cblr-1746 779 72 to to PART cblr-1746 779 73 assign assign VERB cblr-1746 779 74 an an DET cblr-1746 779 75 erroneously erroneously ADV cblr-1746 779 76 high high ADJ cblr-1746 779 77 probability probability NOUN cblr-1746 779 78 of of ADP cblr-1746 779 79 occurrence occurrence NOUN cblr-1746 779 80 to to ADP cblr-1746 779 81 a a DET cblr-1746 779 82 probabilistic probabilistic ADJ cblr-1746 779 83 event event NOUN cblr-1746 779 84 simply simply ADV cblr-1746 779 85 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 779 86 it it PRON cblr-1746 779 87 ended end VERB cblr-1746 779 88 up up ADP cblr-1746 779 89 occurring occur VERB cblr-1746 779 90 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 779 91 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 779 92 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 779 93 quotation quotation NOUN cblr-1746 779 94 marks mark NOUN cblr-1746 779 95 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 779 96 citation citation NOUN cblr-1746 779 97 omitted omit VERB cblr-1746 779 98 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 779 99 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 779 100 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 780 1 208 208 NUM cblr-1746 780 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 780 3 johnson johnson PROPN cblr-1746 780 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 780 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 780 6 note note PROPN cblr-1746 780 7 149 149 NUM cblr-1746 780 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 780 9 at at ADP cblr-1746 780 10 457 457 NUM cblr-1746 780 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 780 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 780 13 [ [ X cblr-1746 780 14 d]irectors d]irector NOUN cblr-1746 780 15 who who PRON cblr-1746 780 16 make make VERB cblr-1746 780 17 faulty faulty ADJ cblr-1746 780 18 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 780 19 already already ADV cblr-1746 780 20 face face VERB cblr-1746 780 21 the the DET cblr-1746 780 22 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 780 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 780 24 sanction sanction NOUN cblr-1746 780 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 780 26 both both CCONJ cblr-1746 780 27 from from ADP cblr-1746 780 28 stockholders stockholder NOUN cblr-1746 780 29 who who PRON cblr-1746 780 30 may may AUX cblr-1746 780 31 vote vote VERB cblr-1746 780 32 them they PRON cblr-1746 780 33 out out ADP cblr-1746 780 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 780 35 office office NOUN cblr-1746 780 36 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 780 37 from from ADP cblr-1746 780 38 the the DET cblr-1746 780 39 corrective corrective ADJ cblr-1746 780 40 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 780 41 competitive competitive ADJ cblr-1746 780 42 pressure pressure NOUN cblr-1746 780 43 of of ADP cblr-1746 780 44 product product NOUN cblr-1746 780 45 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 780 46 labor labor NOUN cblr-1746 780 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 780 48 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 780 49 capital capital NOUN cblr-1746 780 50 markets market NOUN cblr-1746 780 51 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 780 52 judges judge NOUN cblr-1746 780 53 do do AUX cblr-1746 780 54 not not PART cblr-1746 780 55 face face VERB cblr-1746 780 56 these these DET cblr-1746 780 57 sanctions sanction NOUN cblr-1746 780 58 for for ADP cblr-1746 780 59 faulty faulty ADJ cblr-1746 780 60 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 780 61 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 780 62 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 780 63 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 780 64 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 780 65 michael michael PROPN cblr-1746 780 66 p. p. PROPN cblr-1746 780 67 dooley dooley PROPN cblr-1746 780 68 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 780 69 two two NUM cblr-1746 780 70 models model NOUN cblr-1746 780 71 of of ADP cblr-1746 780 72 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 780 73 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 780 74 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 780 75 47 47 NUM cblr-1746 780 76 bus bus NOUN cblr-1746 780 77 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 781 1 law law NOUN cblr-1746 781 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 782 1 461 461 NUM cblr-1746 782 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 782 3 525 525 NUM cblr-1746 782 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 782 5 1992 1992 NUM cblr-1746 782 6 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 782 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 782 8 stating state VERB cblr-1746 782 9 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 782 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 782 11 the the DET cblr-1746 782 12 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 782 13 deterrent deterrent NOUN cblr-1746 782 14 to to ADP cblr-1746 782 15 managerial managerial ADJ cblr-1746 782 16 misbehavior misbehavior NOUN cblr-1746 782 17 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 782 18 comes come VERB cblr-1746 782 19 from from ADP cblr-1746 782 20 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 782 21 competitive competitive ADJ cblr-1746 782 22 forces force NOUN cblr-1746 782 23 in in ADP cblr-1746 782 24 the the DET cblr-1746 782 25 product product NOUN cblr-1746 782 26 market market NOUN cblr-1746 782 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 782 28 in in ADP cblr-1746 782 29 the the DET cblr-1746 782 30 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 782 31 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 782 32 external external ADJ cblr-1746 782 33 markets market NOUN cblr-1746 782 34 for for ADP cblr-1746 782 35 managers manager NOUN cblr-1746 782 36 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 782 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 782 38 ultimately ultimately ADV cblr-1746 782 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 782 40 in in ADP cblr-1746 782 41 the the DET cblr-1746 782 42 market market NOUN cblr-1746 782 43 for for ADP cblr-1746 782 44 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 782 45 control control NOUN cblr-1746 782 46 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 782 47 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 782 48 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 783 1 209 209 NUM cblr-1746 783 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 783 3 paul paul PROPN cblr-1746 783 4 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 783 5 regan regan PROPN cblr-1746 783 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 783 7 the the DET cblr-1746 783 8 unimportance unimportance NOUN cblr-1746 783 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 783 10 being be AUX cblr-1746 783 11 earnest earnest ADJ cblr-1746 783 12 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 783 13 paramount paramount PROPN cblr-1746 783 14 rewrites rewrite VERB cblr-1746 783 15 the the DET cblr-1746 783 16 rules rule NOUN cblr-1746 783 17 for for ADP cblr-1746 783 18 enhanced enhanced ADJ cblr-1746 783 19 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 783 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 783 21 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 783 22 takeovers takeover NOUN cblr-1746 783 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 783 24 46 46 NUM cblr-1746 783 25 hastings hastings PROPN cblr-1746 783 26 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 783 27 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 783 28 125 125 PROPN cblr-1746 783 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 783 30 136 136 NUM cblr-1746 783 31 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 783 32 1994 1994 NUM cblr-1746 783 33 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 783 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 784 1 210 210 NUM cblr-1746 784 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 784 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 784 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 784 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 784 6 gagliardi gagliardi PROPN cblr-1746 784 7 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 784 8 trifoods trifood NOUN cblr-1746 784 9 int’l int’l NUM cblr-1746 784 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 784 11 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 784 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 784 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 784 14 683 683 NUM cblr-1746 784 15 a.2d a.2d SYM cblr-1746 784 16 1049 1049 NUM cblr-1746 784 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 784 18 1052 1052 NUM cblr-1746 784 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 784 20 del del PROPN cblr-1746 784 21 . . PROPN cblr-1746 784 22 ch ch PROPN cblr-1746 784 23 . . PROPN cblr-1746 784 24 1996 1996 NUM cblr-1746 784 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 784 26 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 784 27 noting note VERB cblr-1746 784 28 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 784 29 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 784 30 the the DET cblr-1746 784 31 first first ADJ cblr-1746 784 32 protection protection NOUN cblr-1746 784 33 against against ADP cblr-1746 784 34 a a DET cblr-1746 784 35 threat threat NOUN cblr-1746 784 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 784 37 sub sub ADJ cblr-1746 784 38 - - ADJ cblr-1746 784 39 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 784 40 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 784 41 acceptance acceptance NOUN cblr-1746 784 42 is be AUX cblr-1746 784 43 the the DET cblr-1746 784 44 so so ADV cblr-1746 784 45 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 784 46 called call VERB cblr-1746 784 47 business business NOUN cblr-1746 784 48 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 784 49 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 784 50 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 784 51 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 784 52 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 784 53 see see VERB cblr-1746 784 54 also also ADV cblr-1746 784 55 regan regan NOUN cblr-1746 784 56 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 784 57 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 784 58 note note NOUN cblr-1746 784 59 209 209 NUM cblr-1746 784 60 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 784 61 at at ADP cblr-1746 784 62 134 134 NUM cblr-1746 784 63 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 784 64 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 784 65 [ [ X cblr-1746 784 66 t]he t]he X cblr-1746 784 67 business business NOUN cblr-1746 784 68 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 784 69 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 784 70 promotes promote VERB cblr-1746 784 71 a a DET cblr-1746 784 72 policy policy NOUN cblr-1746 784 73 which which PRON cblr-1746 784 74 presumes presume VERB cblr-1746 784 75 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 784 76 investors investor NOUN cblr-1746 784 77 in in ADP cblr-1746 784 78 a a DET cblr-1746 784 79 company company NOUN cblr-1746 784 80 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 784 81 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 784 82 perhaps perhaps ADV cblr-1746 784 83 society society NOUN cblr-1746 784 84 as as ADP cblr-1746 784 85 a a DET cblr-1746 784 86 whole whole ADJ cblr-1746 784 87 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 784 88 benefit benefit NOUN cblr-1746 784 89 by by ADP cblr-1746 784 90 encouraging encourage VERB cblr-1746 784 91 talented talented ADJ cblr-1746 784 92 people people NOUN cblr-1746 784 93 to to PART cblr-1746 784 94 pursue pursue VERB cblr-1746 784 95 their their PRON cblr-1746 784 96 managerial managerial ADJ cblr-1746 784 97 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 784 98 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 784 99 final final ADJ cblr-1746 784 100 no no NOUN cblr-1746 784 101 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 785 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 785 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 785 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 785 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 785 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 785 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 785 7 793 793 NUM cblr-1746 785 8 these these DET cblr-1746 785 9 factors factor NOUN cblr-1746 785 10 also also ADV cblr-1746 785 11 advise advise VERB cblr-1746 785 12 against against ADP cblr-1746 785 13 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 785 14 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 785 15 handed handed ADJ cblr-1746 785 16 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 785 17 interference interference NOUN cblr-1746 785 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 785 19 the the DET cblr-1746 785 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 785 21 action action NOUN cblr-1746 785 22 context context NOUN cblr-1746 785 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 786 1 first first ADV cblr-1746 786 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 786 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 786 4 may may AUX cblr-1746 786 5 possess possess VERB cblr-1746 786 6 the the DET cblr-1746 786 7 ability ability NOUN cblr-1746 786 8 to to PART cblr-1746 786 9 determine determine VERB cblr-1746 786 10 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 786 11 two two NUM cblr-1746 786 12 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 786 13 are be AUX cblr-1746 786 14 obviously obviously ADV cblr-1746 786 15 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 786 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 786 17 yet yet CCONJ cblr-1746 786 18 lack lack VERB cblr-1746 786 19 the the DET cblr-1746 786 20 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 786 21 required require VERB cblr-1746 786 22 to to PART cblr-1746 786 23 make make VERB cblr-1746 786 24 close close ADJ cblr-1746 786 25 calls call NOUN cblr-1746 786 26 between between ADP cblr-1746 786 27 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 786 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 786 29 members member NOUN cblr-1746 786 30 with with ADP cblr-1746 786 31 subtle subtle ADJ cblr-1746 786 32 similarities similarity NOUN cblr-1746 786 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 786 34 dissimilarities dissimilarity NOUN cblr-1746 786 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 787 1 second second ADJ cblr-1746 787 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 787 3 self self NOUN cblr-1746 787 4 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 787 5 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 787 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 787 7 market market NOUN cblr-1746 787 8 forces force NOUN cblr-1746 787 9 can can AUX cblr-1746 787 10 hold hold VERB cblr-1746 787 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 787 12 entrepreneurs entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 787 13 liable liable ADJ cblr-1746 787 14 for for ADP cblr-1746 787 15 poor poor ADJ cblr-1746 787 16 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 787 17 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 787 18 making making NOUN cblr-1746 787 19 regarding regard VERB cblr-1746 787 20 the the DET cblr-1746 787 21 size size NOUN cblr-1746 787 22 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 787 23 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 787 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 787 25 a a DET cblr-1746 787 26 class class NOUN cblr-1746 787 27 action action NOUN cblr-1746 787 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 788 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 788 2 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 788 3 are be AUX cblr-1746 788 4 risky risky ADJ cblr-1746 788 5 propositions proposition NOUN cblr-1746 788 6 for for ADP cblr-1746 788 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 788 8 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 788 9 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 788 10 unlike unlike ADP cblr-1746 788 11 billable billable ADJ cblr-1746 788 12 work work NOUN cblr-1746 788 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 788 14 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 788 15 is be AUX cblr-1746 788 16 often often ADV cblr-1746 788 17 contingent contingent ADJ cblr-1746 788 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 788 19 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 788 20 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 788 21 substantially substantially ADV cblr-1746 788 22 bears bear VERB cblr-1746 788 23 the the DET cblr-1746 788 24 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 788 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 788 26 failure.211 failure.211 PROPN cblr-1746 788 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 788 28 entrepreneurs entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 788 29 who who PRON cblr-1746 788 30 overreach overreach VERB cblr-1746 788 31 in in ADP cblr-1746 788 32 the the DET cblr-1746 788 33 size size NOUN cblr-1746 788 34 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 788 35 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 788 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 788 37 their their PRON cblr-1746 788 38 class class NOUN cblr-1746 788 39 action action NOUN cblr-1746 788 40 not not PART cblr-1746 788 41 only only ADV cblr-1746 788 42 incur incur VERB cblr-1746 788 43 the the DET cblr-1746 788 44 added add VERB cblr-1746 788 45 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 788 46 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 788 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 788 48 growth,212 growth,212 PROPN cblr-1746 788 49 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 788 50 also also ADV cblr-1746 788 51 risk risk VERB cblr-1746 788 52 alerting alert VERB cblr-1746 788 53 the the DET cblr-1746 788 54 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 788 55 to to ADP cblr-1746 788 56 a a DET cblr-1746 788 57 critical critical ADJ cblr-1746 788 58 flaw flaw NOUN cblr-1746 788 59 in in ADP cblr-1746 788 60 the the DET cblr-1746 788 61 class class NOUN cblr-1746 788 62 composition composition NOUN cblr-1746 788 63 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 788 64 distracting distract VERB cblr-1746 788 65 the the DET cblr-1746 788 66 factfinder factfinder NOUN cblr-1746 788 67 with with ADP cblr-1746 788 68 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 788 69 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 788 70 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 789 1 even even ADV cblr-1746 789 2 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 789 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 789 4 were be AUX cblr-1746 789 5 to to PART cblr-1746 789 6 vacate vacate VERB cblr-1746 789 7 the the DET cblr-1746 789 8 field field NOUN cblr-1746 789 9 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 789 10 entirely entirely ADV cblr-1746 789 11 removing remove VERB cblr-1746 789 12 the the DET cblr-1746 789 13 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 789 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 789 15 decertification decertification NOUN cblr-1746 789 16 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 789 17 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 789 18 would would AUX cblr-1746 789 19 continue continue VERB cblr-1746 789 20 to to PART cblr-1746 789 21 highlight highlight VERB cblr-1746 789 22 those those DET cblr-1746 789 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 789 24 members member NOUN cblr-1746 789 25 who who PRON cblr-1746 789 26 fail fail VERB cblr-1746 789 27 to to PART cblr-1746 789 28 state state VERB cblr-1746 789 29 a a DET cblr-1746 789 30 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 789 31 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 789 32 present present ADJ cblr-1746 789 33 suspect suspect ADJ cblr-1746 789 34 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 789 35 of of ADP cblr-1746 789 36 liability.213 liability.213 PROPN cblr-1746 789 37 finally finally ADV cblr-1746 789 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 789 39 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 789 40 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 789 41 handed handed ADJ cblr-1746 789 42 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 789 43 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 789 44 risks risk NOUN cblr-1746 789 45 deterring deter VERB cblr-1746 789 46 socially socially ADV cblr-1746 789 47 desirable desirable ADJ cblr-1746 789 48 activity activity NOUN cblr-1746 789 49 levels level NOUN cblr-1746 789 50 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 790 1 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 790 2 properly properly ADV cblr-1746 790 3 executed execute VERB cblr-1746 790 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 790 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 790 6 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 790 7 can can AUX cblr-1746 790 8 compel compel VERB cblr-1746 790 9 actors actor NOUN cblr-1746 790 10 to to PART cblr-1746 790 11 internalize internalize VERB cblr-1746 790 12 some some PRON cblr-1746 790 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 790 14 the the DET cblr-1746 790 15 social social ADJ cblr-1746 790 16 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 790 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 790 18 their their PRON cblr-1746 790 19 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 790 20 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 790 21 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 790 22 that that PRON cblr-1746 790 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 790 24 absent absent ADJ cblr-1746 790 25 vision vision NOUN cblr-1746 790 26 unfettered unfettere VERB cblr-1746 790 27 by by ADP cblr-1746 790 28 the the DET cblr-1746 790 29 fear fear NOUN cblr-1746 790 30 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 790 31 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 790 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 790 33 with with ADP cblr-1746 790 34 the the DET cblr-1746 790 35 benefit benefit NOUN cblr-1746 790 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 790 37 20/20 20/20 NUM cblr-1746 790 38 hindsight hindsight ADJ cblr-1746 790 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 790 40 will will AUX cblr-1746 790 41 find find VERB cblr-1746 790 42 their their PRON cblr-1746 790 43 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 790 44 to to PART cblr-1746 790 45 have have AUX cblr-1746 790 46 been be AUX cblr-1746 790 47 flawed flawed ADJ cblr-1746 790 48 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 790 49 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 790 50 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 790 51 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 791 1 211 211 NUM cblr-1746 791 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 791 3 ferdinand ferdinand PROPN cblr-1746 791 4 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 791 5 tinio tinio PROPN cblr-1746 791 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 791 7 annotation annotation NOUN cblr-1746 791 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 791 9 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 791 10 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 791 11 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 791 12 in in ADP cblr-1746 791 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 791 14 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 791 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 791 16 38 38 NUM cblr-1746 791 17 a.l.r.3d a.l.r.3d NOUN cblr-1746 791 18 1384 1384 NUM cblr-1746 791 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 791 20 § § PROPN cblr-1746 791 21 8.5 8.5 NUM cblr-1746 791 22 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 791 23 1971 1971 NUM cblr-1746 791 24 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 791 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 792 1 212 212 NUM cblr-1746 792 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 792 3 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 792 4 gilles gilles PROPN cblr-1746 792 5 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 792 6 friedman friedman PROPN cblr-1746 792 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 792 8 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 792 9 note note PROPN cblr-1746 792 10 32 32 NUM cblr-1746 792 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 792 12 213 213 NUM cblr-1746 792 13 this this PRON cblr-1746 792 14 omits omit VERB cblr-1746 792 15 instances instance NOUN cblr-1746 792 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 792 17 which which PRON cblr-1746 792 18 defendants defendant VERB cblr-1746 792 19 themselves themselves PRON cblr-1746 792 20 attempt attempt VERB cblr-1746 792 21 to to PART cblr-1746 792 22 augment augment VERB cblr-1746 792 23 the the DET cblr-1746 792 24 size size NOUN cblr-1746 792 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 792 26 a a DET cblr-1746 792 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 792 28 in in ADP cblr-1746 792 29 order order NOUN cblr-1746 792 30 to to PART cblr-1746 792 31 obtain obtain VERB cblr-1746 792 32 a a DET cblr-1746 792 33 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 792 34 global global ADJ cblr-1746 792 35 peace peace NOUN cblr-1746 792 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 792 37 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 793 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 793 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 793 3 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 793 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 793 5 sullivan sullivan PROPN cblr-1746 793 6 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 793 7 db db PROPN cblr-1746 793 8 invs invs PROPN cblr-1746 793 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 793 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 793 11 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 793 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 793 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 793 14 667 667 NUM cblr-1746 793 15 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 793 16 273 273 NUM cblr-1746 793 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 793 18 285 285 NUM cblr-1746 793 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 793 20 3d 3d NUM cblr-1746 793 21 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 793 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 793 23 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 793 24 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 793 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 794 1 of of ADP cblr-1746 794 2 course course ADV cblr-1746 794 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 794 4 even even ADV cblr-1746 794 5 in in ADP cblr-1746 794 6 the the DET cblr-1746 794 7 most most ADV cblr-1746 794 8 prominent prominent ADJ cblr-1746 794 9 example example NOUN cblr-1746 794 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 794 11 such such DET cblr-1746 794 12 a a DET cblr-1746 794 13 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 794 14 global global ADJ cblr-1746 794 15 peace peace NOUN cblr-1746 794 16 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 794 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 794 18 action action NOUN cblr-1746 794 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 794 20 sullivan sullivan PROPN cblr-1746 794 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 794 22 the the DET cblr-1746 794 23 court court NOUN cblr-1746 794 24 was be AUX cblr-1746 794 25 clear clear ADJ cblr-1746 794 26 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 794 27 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 794 28 the the DET cblr-1746 794 29 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 794 30 inquiry inquiry NOUN cblr-1746 794 31 should should AUX cblr-1746 794 32 be be AUX cblr-1746 794 33 easily easily ADV cblr-1746 794 34 resolved resolve VERB cblr-1746 794 35 here here ADV cblr-1746 794 36 based base VERB cblr-1746 794 37 on on ADP cblr-1746 794 38 de de X cblr-1746 794 39 beers beer NOUN cblr-1746 794 40 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 794 41 conduct conduct NOUN cblr-1746 794 42 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 794 43 the the DET cblr-1746 794 44 injury injury NOUN cblr-1746 794 45 it it PRON cblr-1746 794 46 caused cause VERB cblr-1746 794 47 to to ADP cblr-1746 794 48 each each PRON cblr-1746 794 49 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 794 50 every every DET cblr-1746 794 51 class class NOUN cblr-1746 794 52 member member NOUN cblr-1746 794 53 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 794 54 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 794 55 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 794 56 the the DET cblr-1746 794 57 straightforward straightforward ADJ cblr-1746 794 58 application application NOUN cblr-1746 794 59 of of ADP cblr-1746 794 60 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 794 61 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 794 62 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 794 63 our our PRON cblr-1746 794 64 precedent precedent NOUN cblr-1746 794 65 should should AUX cblr-1746 794 66 result result VERB cblr-1746 794 67 in in ADP cblr-1746 794 68 affirming affirm VERB cblr-1746 794 69 the the DET cblr-1746 794 70 district district NOUN cblr-1746 794 71 court court NOUN cblr-1746 794 72 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 794 73 order order NOUN cblr-1746 794 74 certifying certify VERB cblr-1746 794 75 the the DET cblr-1746 794 76 class class NOUN cblr-1746 794 77 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 794 78 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 795 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 795 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 795 3 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 795 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 795 5 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 795 6 noted note VERB cblr-1746 795 7 earlier early ADV cblr-1746 795 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 795 9 the the DET cblr-1746 795 10 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 795 11 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 795 12 applies apply VERB cblr-1746 795 13 to to ADP cblr-1746 795 14 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 795 15 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 795 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 795 17 not not PART cblr-1746 795 18 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 795 19 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 795 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 795 21 which which PRON cblr-1746 795 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 795 23 in in ADP cblr-1746 795 24 many many ADJ cblr-1746 795 25 ways way NOUN cblr-1746 795 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 795 27 do do AUX cblr-1746 795 28 not not PART cblr-1746 795 29 resemble resemble VERB cblr-1746 795 30 a a DET cblr-1746 795 31 classical classical ADJ cblr-1746 795 32 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 795 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 796 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 796 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 796 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 796 4 794 794 NUM cblr-1746 796 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 796 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 796 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 796 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 797 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 797 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 797 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 797 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 797 5 the the DET cblr-1746 797 6 class class NOUN cblr-1746 797 7 mechanism mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 797 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 797 9 would would AUX cblr-1746 797 10 often often ADV cblr-1746 797 11 go go VERB cblr-1746 797 12 undetected undetected ADJ cblr-1746 797 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 797 14 underdeterred underdeterred ADJ cblr-1746 797 15 given give VERB cblr-1746 797 16 the the DET cblr-1746 797 17 small small ADJ cblr-1746 797 18 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 797 19 frequently frequently ADV cblr-1746 797 20 at at ADP cblr-1746 797 21 issue.214 issue.214 NUM cblr-1746 797 22 in in ADP cblr-1746 797 23 order order NOUN cblr-1746 797 24 to to PART cblr-1746 797 25 achieve achieve VERB cblr-1746 797 26 this this DET cblr-1746 797 27 deterrent deterrent NOUN cblr-1746 797 28 function function NOUN cblr-1746 797 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 797 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 797 31 entrepreneurs entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 797 32 must must AUX cblr-1746 797 33 be be AUX cblr-1746 797 34 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 797 35 tolerant tolerant ADJ cblr-1746 797 36 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 797 37 have have VERB cblr-1746 797 38 incentives incentive NOUN cblr-1746 797 39 to to PART cblr-1746 797 40 take take VERB cblr-1746 797 41 risks.215 risks.215 NOUN cblr-1746 797 42 this this PRON cblr-1746 797 43 is be AUX cblr-1746 797 44 not not PART cblr-1746 797 45 to to PART cblr-1746 797 46 suggest suggest VERB cblr-1746 797 47 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 797 48 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 797 49 should should AUX cblr-1746 797 50 vacate vacate VERB cblr-1746 797 51 the the DET cblr-1746 797 52 field field NOUN cblr-1746 797 53 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 798 1 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 798 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 798 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 798 4 should should AUX cblr-1746 798 5 review review VERB cblr-1746 798 6 the the DET cblr-1746 798 7 external external ADJ cblr-1746 798 8 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 798 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 798 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 798 11 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 798 12 much much ADJ cblr-1746 798 13 in in ADP cblr-1746 798 14 the the DET cblr-1746 798 15 same same ADJ cblr-1746 798 16 way way NOUN cblr-1746 798 17 that that PRON cblr-1746 798 18 they they PRON cblr-1746 798 19 approach approach VERB cblr-1746 798 20 the the DET cblr-1746 798 21 business business NOUN cblr-1746 798 22 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 798 23 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 798 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 799 1 the the DET cblr-1746 799 2 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 799 3 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 799 4 calls call VERB cblr-1746 799 5 for for ADP cblr-1746 799 6 a a DET cblr-1746 799 7 deferential deferential ADJ cblr-1746 799 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 799 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 799 10 which which PRON cblr-1746 799 11 can can AUX cblr-1746 799 12 root root VERB cblr-1746 799 13 out out ADP cblr-1746 799 14 obvious obvious ADJ cblr-1746 799 15 outliers outlier NOUN cblr-1746 799 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 800 1 close close ADJ cblr-1746 800 2 calls call NOUN cblr-1746 800 3 relating relate VERB cblr-1746 800 4 to to ADP cblr-1746 800 5 the the DET cblr-1746 800 6 size size NOUN cblr-1746 800 7 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 800 8 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 800 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 800 10 a a DET cblr-1746 800 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 800 12 action action NOUN cblr-1746 800 13 should should AUX cblr-1746 800 14 be be AUX cblr-1746 800 15 accorded accord VERB cblr-1746 800 16 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 800 17 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 800 18 a a DET cblr-1746 800 19 sharp sharp ADJ cblr-1746 800 20 break break NOUN cblr-1746 800 21 with with ADP cblr-1746 800 22 much much ADJ cblr-1746 800 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 800 24 status status NOUN cblr-1746 800 25 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 800 26 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 800 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 800 28 which which PRON cblr-1746 800 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 800 30 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 800 31 anything anything PRON cblr-1746 800 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 800 33 pursues pursue VERB cblr-1746 800 34 an an DET cblr-1746 800 35 opposite opposite ADJ cblr-1746 800 36 tact tact NOUN cblr-1746 800 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 801 1 1 1 X cblr-1746 801 2 . . X cblr-1746 801 3 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 801 4 fit fit NOUN cblr-1746 801 5 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 801 6 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 801 7 the the DET cblr-1746 801 8 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 801 9 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 801 10 does do AUX cblr-1746 801 11 not not PART cblr-1746 801 12 prescribe prescribe VERB cblr-1746 801 13 change change NOUN cblr-1746 801 14 in in ADP cblr-1746 801 15 all all DET cblr-1746 801 16 instances instance NOUN cblr-1746 801 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 802 1 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 802 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 802 3 for for ADP cblr-1746 802 4 example example NOUN cblr-1746 802 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 802 6 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 802 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 803 1 rule rule PROPN cblr-1746 803 2 23(a)(1 23(a)(1 NUM cblr-1746 803 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 803 4 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 803 5 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 803 6 a a DET cblr-1746 803 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 803 8 action action NOUN cblr-1746 803 9 can can AUX cblr-1746 803 10 not not PART cblr-1746 803 11 be be AUX cblr-1746 803 12 maintained maintain VERB cblr-1746 803 13 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 803 14 it it PRON cblr-1746 803 15 is be AUX cblr-1746 803 16 too too ADV cblr-1746 803 17 small.216 small.216 VERB cblr-1746 803 18 this this DET cblr-1746 803 19 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 803 20 ensures ensure VERB cblr-1746 803 21 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 803 22 the the DET cblr-1746 803 23 principal principal NOUN cblr-1746 803 24 214 214 NUM cblr-1746 803 25 see see VERB cblr-1746 803 26 robert robert PROPN cblr-1746 803 27 g. g. PROPN cblr-1746 803 28 bone bone PROPN cblr-1746 803 29 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 803 30 david david PROPN cblr-1746 803 31 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 803 32 evans evans PROPN cblr-1746 803 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 803 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 803 35 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 803 36 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 803 37 the the DET cblr-1746 803 38 substantive substantive ADJ cblr-1746 803 39 merits merit NOUN cblr-1746 803 40 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 803 41 51 51 NUM cblr-1746 803 42 duke duke PROPN cblr-1746 803 43 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 803 44 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 803 45 1251 1251 PROPN cblr-1746 803 46 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 803 47 1309 1309 NUM cblr-1746 803 48 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 803 49 2002 2002 NUM cblr-1746 803 50 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 803 51 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 803 52 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 803 53 the the DET cblr-1746 803 54 main main ADJ cblr-1746 803 55 purpose purpose NOUN cblr-1746 803 56 of of ADP cblr-1746 803 57 the the DET cblr-1746 803 58 small small ADJ cblr-1746 803 59 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 803 60 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 803 61 class class NOUN cblr-1746 803 62 action action NOUN cblr-1746 803 63 is be AUX cblr-1746 803 64 deterrence deterrence NOUN cblr-1746 803 65 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 803 66 not not PART cblr-1746 803 67 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 803 68 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 804 1 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 804 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 804 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 804 4 members member NOUN cblr-1746 804 5 have have VERB cblr-1746 804 6 too too ADV cblr-1746 804 7 little little ADJ cblr-1746 804 8 at at ADP cblr-1746 804 9 stake stake NOUN cblr-1746 804 10 to to PART cblr-1746 804 11 make make VERB cblr-1746 804 12 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 804 13 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 804 14 a a DET cblr-1746 804 15 significant significant ADJ cblr-1746 804 16 private private ADJ cblr-1746 804 17 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 804 18 public public ADJ cblr-1746 804 19 objective objective NOUN cblr-1746 804 20 given give VERB cblr-1746 804 21 the the DET cblr-1746 804 22 enormous enormous ADJ cblr-1746 804 23 social social ADJ cblr-1746 804 24 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 804 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 804 26 class class NOUN cblr-1746 804 27 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 804 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 805 1 instead instead ADV cblr-1746 805 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 805 3 the the DET cblr-1746 805 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 805 5 action action NOUN cblr-1746 805 6 empowers empower VERB cblr-1746 805 7 the the DET cblr-1746 805 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 805 9 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 805 10 as as ADP cblr-1746 805 11 a a DET cblr-1746 805 12 private private ADJ cblr-1746 805 13 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 805 14 general general NOUN cblr-1746 805 15 to to PART cblr-1746 805 16 internalize internalize VERB cblr-1746 805 17 the the DET cblr-1746 805 18 social social ADJ cblr-1746 805 19 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 805 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 805 21 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 805 22 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 805 23 acts act NOUN cblr-1746 805 24 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 805 25 deter deter VERB cblr-1746 805 26 wrongdoing wrongdoing NOUN cblr-1746 805 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 805 28 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 805 29 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 805 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 806 1 215 215 NUM cblr-1746 806 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 806 3 theodore theodore PROPN cblr-1746 806 4 eisenberg eisenberg PROPN cblr-1746 806 5 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 806 6 geoffrey geoffrey PROPN cblr-1746 806 7 p. p. PROPN cblr-1746 806 8 miller miller PROPN cblr-1746 806 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 806 10 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 806 11 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 806 12 in in ADP cblr-1746 806 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 806 14 action action NOUN cblr-1746 806 15 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 806 16 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 806 17 an an DET cblr-1746 806 18 empirical empirical ADJ cblr-1746 806 19 study study NOUN cblr-1746 806 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 806 21 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 806 22 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 806 23 empirical empirical ADJ cblr-1746 806 24 legal legal ADJ cblr-1746 806 25 stud stud NOUN cblr-1746 806 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 807 1 27 27 NUM cblr-1746 807 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 807 3 37–38 37–38 NUM cblr-1746 807 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 807 5 2004 2004 NUM cblr-1746 807 6 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 807 7 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 807 8 see see AUX cblr-1746 807 9 also also ADV cblr-1746 807 10 tyler tyler PROPN cblr-1746 807 11 w. w. PROPN cblr-1746 807 12 hill hill PROPN cblr-1746 807 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 807 14 financing finance VERB cblr-1746 807 15 the the DET cblr-1746 807 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 807 17 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 807 18 strengthening strengthen VERB cblr-1746 807 19 the the DET cblr-1746 807 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 807 21 action action NOUN cblr-1746 807 22 through through ADP cblr-1746 807 23 third third ADJ cblr-1746 807 24 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 807 25 party party NOUN cblr-1746 807 26 investment investment NOUN cblr-1746 807 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 807 28 125 125 NUM cblr-1746 807 29 yale yale PROPN cblr-1746 807 30 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 807 31 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 807 32 484 484 PROPN cblr-1746 807 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 807 34 505 505 NUM cblr-1746 807 35 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 807 36 2015 2015 NUM cblr-1746 807 37 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 807 38 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 807 39 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 807 40 without without ADP cblr-1746 807 41 any any DET cblr-1746 807 42 reason reason NOUN cblr-1746 807 43 to to PART cblr-1746 807 44 believe believe VERB cblr-1746 807 45 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 807 46 they they PRON cblr-1746 807 47 will will AUX cblr-1746 807 48 receive receive VERB cblr-1746 807 49 a a DET cblr-1746 807 50 higher high ADJ cblr-1746 807 51 premium premium NOUN cblr-1746 807 52 on on ADP cblr-1746 807 53 their their PRON cblr-1746 807 54 effort effort NOUN cblr-1746 807 55 for for ADP cblr-1746 807 56 a a DET cblr-1746 807 57 riskier risky ADJ cblr-1746 807 58 lawsuit lawsuit NOUN cblr-1746 807 59 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 807 60 rational rational ADJ cblr-1746 807 61 lawyers lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 807 62 will will AUX cblr-1746 807 63 choose choose VERB cblr-1746 807 64 to to PART cblr-1746 807 65 pursue pursue VERB cblr-1746 807 66 less less ADV cblr-1746 807 67 risky risky ADJ cblr-1746 807 68 suits suit NOUN cblr-1746 807 69 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 808 1 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 808 2 these these DET cblr-1746 808 3 less less ADV cblr-1746 808 4 risky risky ADJ cblr-1746 808 5 suits suit NOUN cblr-1746 808 6 often often ADV cblr-1746 808 7 correspond correspond VERB cblr-1746 808 8 to to ADP cblr-1746 808 9 diminished diminished ADJ cblr-1746 808 10 enforcement enforcement NOUN cblr-1746 808 11 benefits benefit NOUN cblr-1746 808 12 relative relative ADJ cblr-1746 808 13 to to ADP cblr-1746 808 14 suits suit NOUN cblr-1746 808 15 that that PRON cblr-1746 808 16 involve involve VERB cblr-1746 808 17 more more ADJ cblr-1746 808 18 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 808 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 808 20 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 808 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 808 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 809 1 216 216 NUM cblr-1746 809 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 809 3 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 809 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 810 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 810 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 810 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 811 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 811 2 23(a)(1 23(a)(1 NUM cblr-1746 811 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 811 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 811 5 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 811 6 prerequisites prerequisite NOUN cblr-1746 811 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 812 1 one one NUM cblr-1746 812 2 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 812 3 more more ADJ cblr-1746 812 4 members member NOUN cblr-1746 812 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 812 6 a a DET cblr-1746 812 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 812 8 may may AUX cblr-1746 812 9 sue sue VERB cblr-1746 812 10 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 812 11 be be AUX cblr-1746 812 12 sued sue VERB cblr-1746 812 13 as as ADP cblr-1746 812 14 representative representative ADJ cblr-1746 812 15 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 812 16 on on ADP cblr-1746 812 17 behalf behalf NOUN cblr-1746 812 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 812 19 all all DET cblr-1746 812 20 members member NOUN cblr-1746 812 21 only only ADV cblr-1746 812 22 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 812 23 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 812 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 812 25 1 1 X cblr-1746 812 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 812 27 the the DET cblr-1746 812 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 812 29 is be AUX cblr-1746 812 30 so so ADV cblr-1746 812 31 numerous numerous ADJ cblr-1746 812 32 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 812 33 joinder joinder NOUN cblr-1746 812 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 812 35 all all DET cblr-1746 812 36 members member NOUN cblr-1746 812 37 is be AUX cblr-1746 812 38 impracticable impracticable ADJ cblr-1746 812 39 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 812 40 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 812 41 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 812 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 813 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 813 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 813 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 813 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 813 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 814 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 814 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 814 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 814 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 814 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 814 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 814 7 795 795 NUM cblr-1746 814 8 alternative alternative NOUN cblr-1746 814 9 to to ADP cblr-1746 814 10 a a DET cblr-1746 814 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 814 12 action action NOUN cblr-1746 814 13 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 814 14 joinder joinder NOUN cblr-1746 814 15 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 814 16 is be AUX cblr-1746 814 17 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 814 18 impracticable impracticable ADJ cblr-1746 814 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 814 20 ”217 ”217 PUNCT cblr-1746 815 1 in in ADP cblr-1746 815 2 practice practice NOUN cblr-1746 815 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 815 4 the the DET cblr-1746 815 5 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 815 6 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 815 7 is be AUX cblr-1746 815 8 all all PRON cblr-1746 815 9 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 815 10 forgotten forget VERB cblr-1746 815 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 816 1 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 816 2 regularly regularly ADV cblr-1746 816 3 defer defer VERB cblr-1746 816 4 to to ADP cblr-1746 816 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 816 6 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 816 7 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 816 8 evaluating evaluate VERB cblr-1746 816 9 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 816 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 816 11 rarely rarely ADV cblr-1746 816 12 striking strike VERB cblr-1746 816 13 down down ADP cblr-1746 816 14 a a DET cblr-1746 816 15 putative putative ADJ cblr-1746 816 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 816 17 action action NOUN cblr-1746 816 18 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 816 19 it it PRON cblr-1746 816 20 is be AUX cblr-1746 816 21 too too ADV cblr-1746 816 22 small.218 small.218 NOUN cblr-1746 816 23 occasionally occasionally ADV cblr-1746 816 24 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 816 25 point point VERB cblr-1746 816 26 to to ADP cblr-1746 816 27 supreme supreme PROPN cblr-1746 816 28 court court PROPN cblr-1746 816 29 dicta dicta NOUN cblr-1746 816 30 for for ADP cblr-1746 816 31 the the DET cblr-1746 816 32 proposition proposition NOUN cblr-1746 816 33 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 816 34 a a DET cblr-1746 816 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 816 36 must must AUX cblr-1746 816 37 contain contain VERB cblr-1746 816 38 at at ADV cblr-1746 816 39 least least ADJ cblr-1746 816 40 fifteen fifteen NUM cblr-1746 816 41 members.219 members.219 NOUN cblr-1746 816 42 as as ADP cblr-1746 816 43 such such ADJ cblr-1746 816 44 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 816 45 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 816 46 containing contain VERB cblr-1746 816 47 as as ADV cblr-1746 816 48 few few ADJ cblr-1746 816 49 as as ADP cblr-1746 816 50 thirty thirty NUM cblr-1746 816 51 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 816 52 forty forty NUM cblr-1746 816 53 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 816 54 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 816 55 fifty fifty NUM cblr-1746 816 56 members member NOUN cblr-1746 816 57 are be AUX cblr-1746 816 58 regularly regularly ADV cblr-1746 816 59 certified.220 certified.220 ADJ cblr-1746 816 60 even even ADV cblr-1746 816 61 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 816 62 with with ADP cblr-1746 816 63 as as ADV cblr-1746 816 64 few few ADJ cblr-1746 816 65 as as ADP cblr-1746 816 66 fifteen fifteen NUM cblr-1746 816 67 members member NOUN cblr-1746 816 68 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 816 69 however however ADV cblr-1746 816 70 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 816 71 have have AUX cblr-1746 816 72 been be AUX cblr-1746 816 73 certified certify VERB cblr-1746 816 74 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 816 75 supreme supreme PROPN cblr-1746 816 76 court court PROPN cblr-1746 816 77 dicta dicta PROPN cblr-1746 816 78 notwithstanding.221 notwithstanding.221 PROPN cblr-1746 816 79 some some DET cblr-1746 816 80 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 816 81 simply simply ADV cblr-1746 816 82 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 816 83 infer infer VERB cblr-1746 816 84 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 816 85 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 816 86 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 816 87 declining decline VERB cblr-1746 816 88 outright outright ADV cblr-1746 816 89 the the DET cblr-1746 816 90 possibility possibility NOUN cblr-1746 816 91 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 816 92 an an DET cblr-1746 816 93 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 816 94 would would AUX cblr-1746 816 95 bother bother VERB cblr-1746 816 96 bringing bring VERB cblr-1746 816 97 forward forward ADP cblr-1746 816 98 a a DET cblr-1746 816 99 class class NOUN cblr-1746 816 100 that that PRON cblr-1746 816 101 may may AUX cblr-1746 816 102 be be AUX cblr-1746 816 103 too too ADV cblr-1746 816 104 small.222 small.222 NOUN cblr-1746 816 105 217 217 NUM cblr-1746 816 106 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 816 107 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 817 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 817 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 817 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 818 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 818 2 23(a)(1 23(a)(1 NUM cblr-1746 818 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 818 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 819 1 218 218 NUM cblr-1746 819 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 819 3 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 819 4 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 819 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 819 6 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 819 7 note note NOUN cblr-1746 819 8 115 115 NUM cblr-1746 819 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 819 10 § § PROPN cblr-1746 819 11 4:5 4:5 NUM cblr-1746 819 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 819 13 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 819 14 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 819 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 819 16 numerosity numerosity PROPN cblr-1746 819 17 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 819 18 is be AUX cblr-1746 819 19 rarely rarely ADV cblr-1746 819 20 contested contest VERB cblr-1746 819 21 in in ADP cblr-1746 819 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 819 23 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 819 24 brought bring VERB cblr-1746 819 25 on on ADP cblr-1746 819 26 behalf behalf NOUN cblr-1746 819 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 819 28 shareholders shareholder NOUN cblr-1746 819 29 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 819 30 traders trader NOUN cblr-1746 819 31 in in ADP cblr-1746 819 32 publicly publicly ADV cblr-1746 819 33 owned own VERB cblr-1746 819 34 corporations corporation NOUN cblr-1746 819 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 820 1 in in ADP cblr-1746 820 2 class class NOUN cblr-1746 820 3 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 820 4 brought bring VERB cblr-1746 820 5 on on ADP cblr-1746 820 6 behalf behalf NOUN cblr-1746 820 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 820 8 securities security NOUN cblr-1746 820 9 traders trader NOUN cblr-1746 820 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 820 11 federal federal ADJ cblr-1746 820 12 trial trial NOUN cblr-1746 820 13 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 820 14 are be AUX cblr-1746 820 15 quite quite ADV cblr-1746 820 16 willing willing ADJ cblr-1746 820 17 to to PART cblr-1746 820 18 accept accept VERB cblr-1746 820 19 common common ADJ cblr-1746 820 20 sense sense NOUN cblr-1746 820 21 assumptions assumption NOUN cblr-1746 820 22 in in ADP cblr-1746 820 23 order order NOUN cblr-1746 820 24 to to PART cblr-1746 820 25 support support VERB cblr-1746 820 26 a a DET cblr-1746 820 27 finding finding NOUN cblr-1746 820 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 820 29 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 820 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 820 31 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 820 32 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 821 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 821 2 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 821 3 zeidman zeidman PROPN cblr-1746 821 4 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 821 5 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 821 6 ray ray PROPN cblr-1746 821 7 mcdermott mcdermott PROPN cblr-1746 821 8 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 821 9 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 821 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 821 11 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 821 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 821 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 821 14 651 651 NUM cblr-1746 821 15 f.2d f.2d NOUN cblr-1746 821 16 1030 1030 NUM cblr-1746 821 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 821 18 1039 1039 NUM cblr-1746 821 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 821 20 5th 5th ADJ cblr-1746 821 21 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 821 22 . . PROPN cblr-1746 821 23 1981 1981 NUM cblr-1746 821 24 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 821 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 821 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 821 27 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 821 28 rubenstein rubenstein PROPN cblr-1746 821 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 821 30 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 821 31 note note PROPN cblr-1746 821 32 156 156 NUM cblr-1746 821 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 821 34 § § PROPN cblr-1746 821 35 3:13 3:13 NUM cblr-1746 821 36 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 821 37 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 821 38 [ [ X cblr-1746 821 39 c]ertification c]ertification NOUN cblr-1746 821 40 denials denial NOUN cblr-1746 821 41 on on ADP cblr-1746 821 42 this this DET cblr-1746 821 43 basis basis NOUN cblr-1746 821 44 are be AUX cblr-1746 821 45 rare rare ADJ cblr-1746 821 46 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 821 47 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 821 48 are be AUX cblr-1746 821 49 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 821 50 forgiving forgive VERB cblr-1746 821 51 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 821 52 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 821 53 are be AUX cblr-1746 821 54 unable unable ADJ cblr-1746 821 55 to to PART cblr-1746 821 56 do do VERB cblr-1746 821 57 more more ADJ cblr-1746 821 58 than than SCONJ cblr-1746 821 59 set set VERB cblr-1746 821 60 forth forth ADP cblr-1746 821 61 commonsense commonsense ADJ cblr-1746 821 62 assumptions assumption NOUN cblr-1746 821 63 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 821 64 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 821 65 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 821 66 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 822 1 219 219 NUM cblr-1746 822 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 822 3 gen gen PROPN cblr-1746 822 4 . . PROPN cblr-1746 822 5 tel tel PROPN cblr-1746 822 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 822 7 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 822 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 822 9 the the DET cblr-1746 822 10 n.w n.w PROPN cblr-1746 822 11 . . PROPN cblr-1746 822 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 822 13 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 822 14 . . PROPN cblr-1746 822 15 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 822 16 eeoc eeoc PROPN cblr-1746 822 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 822 18 446 446 NUM cblr-1746 822 19 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 822 20 . . PROPN cblr-1746 822 21 318 318 NUM cblr-1746 822 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 822 23 330 330 NUM cblr-1746 822 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 822 25 1980 1980 NUM cblr-1746 822 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 822 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 823 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 823 2 an an DET cblr-1746 823 3 application application NOUN cblr-1746 823 4 of of ADP cblr-1746 823 5 this this DET cblr-1746 823 6 dictum dictum NOUN cblr-1746 823 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 823 8 see see VERB cblr-1746 823 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 823 10 for for ADP cblr-1746 823 11 example example NOUN cblr-1746 823 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 823 13 harik harik PROPN cblr-1746 823 14 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 823 15 cal cal PROPN cblr-1746 823 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 824 1 teachers teacher NOUN cblr-1746 824 2 ass’n ass’n VERB cblr-1746 824 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 824 4 326 326 NUM cblr-1746 824 5 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 824 6 1042 1042 NUM cblr-1746 824 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 824 8 1051–52 1051–52 NUM cblr-1746 824 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 824 10 9th 9th ADJ cblr-1746 824 11 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 824 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 824 13 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 824 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 824 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 824 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 824 17 the the DET cblr-1746 824 18 supreme supreme PROPN cblr-1746 824 19 court court PROPN cblr-1746 824 20 has have AUX cblr-1746 824 21 held hold VERB cblr-1746 824 22 fifteen fifteen NUM cblr-1746 824 23 is be AUX cblr-1746 824 24 too too ADV cblr-1746 824 25 small small ADJ cblr-1746 824 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 824 27 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 824 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 824 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 825 1 220 220 NUM cblr-1746 825 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 825 3 7a 7a PROPN cblr-1746 825 4 wright wright PROPN cblr-1746 825 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 825 6 miller miller PROPN cblr-1746 825 7 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 825 8 kane kane PROPN cblr-1746 825 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 825 10 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 825 11 note note PROPN cblr-1746 825 12 14 14 NUM cblr-1746 825 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 825 14 § § PROPN cblr-1746 825 15 1762 1762 NUM cblr-1746 825 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 826 1 221 221 NUM cblr-1746 826 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 826 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 826 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 826 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 826 6 jackson jackson PROPN cblr-1746 826 7 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 826 8 danberg danberg PROPN cblr-1746 826 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 826 10 240 240 NUM cblr-1746 826 11 f.r.d f.r.d NOUN cblr-1746 826 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 826 13 145 145 NUM cblr-1746 826 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 826 15 147–48 147–48 NUM cblr-1746 826 16 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 826 17 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 826 18 del del PROPN cblr-1746 826 19 . . PROPN cblr-1746 826 20 2007 2007 NUM cblr-1746 826 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 826 22 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 826 23 sixteen sixteen NUM cblr-1746 826 24 members member NOUN cblr-1746 826 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 826 26 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 826 27 bublitz bublitz PROPN cblr-1746 826 28 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 826 29 e.i e.i PROPN cblr-1746 826 30 . . PROPN cblr-1746 826 31 du du PROPN cblr-1746 826 32 pont pont PROPN cblr-1746 826 33 de de PROPN cblr-1746 826 34 nemours nemours PROPN cblr-1746 826 35 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 826 36 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 826 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 826 38 202 202 NUM cblr-1746 826 39 f.r.d f.r.d NOUN cblr-1746 826 40 . . PROPN cblr-1746 826 41 251 251 NUM cblr-1746 826 42 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 826 43 255–56 255–56 NUM cblr-1746 826 44 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 826 45 s.d s.d PROPN cblr-1746 826 46 . . PROPN cblr-1746 826 47 iowa iowa PROPN cblr-1746 826 48 2001 2001 NUM cblr-1746 826 49 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 826 50 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 826 51 seventeen seventeen NUM cblr-1746 826 52 members member NOUN cblr-1746 826 53 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 826 54 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 826 55 gaspar gaspar PROPN cblr-1746 826 56 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 826 57 linvatec linvatec PROPN cblr-1746 826 58 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 826 59 . . PROPN cblr-1746 826 60 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 826 61 167 167 NUM cblr-1746 826 62 f.r.d f.r.d NOUN cblr-1746 826 63 . . PROPN cblr-1746 826 64 51 51 NUM cblr-1746 826 65 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 826 66 55–57 55–57 NUM cblr-1746 826 67 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 826 68 n.d n.d PROPN cblr-1746 826 69 . . PROPN cblr-1746 826 70 ill ill PROPN cblr-1746 826 71 . . PROPN cblr-1746 826 72 1996 1996 NUM cblr-1746 826 73 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 826 74 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 826 75 eighteen eighteen NUM cblr-1746 826 76 members member NOUN cblr-1746 826 77 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 826 78 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 826 79 phila phila PROPN cblr-1746 826 80 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 827 1 elec elec PROPN cblr-1746 827 2 . . PROPN cblr-1746 827 3 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 828 1 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 828 2 anaconda anaconda PROPN cblr-1746 828 3 am be AUX cblr-1746 828 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 828 5 brass brass PROPN cblr-1746 828 6 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 828 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 828 8 43 43 NUM cblr-1746 828 9 f.r.d f.r.d NOUN cblr-1746 828 10 . . PROPN cblr-1746 828 11 452 452 NUM cblr-1746 828 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 828 13 463 463 NUM cblr-1746 828 14 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 828 15 e.d e.d PROPN cblr-1746 828 16 . . PROPN cblr-1746 828 17 pa pa PROPN cblr-1746 828 18 . . PROPN cblr-1746 828 19 1968 1968 NUM cblr-1746 828 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 828 21 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 828 22 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 828 23 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 828 24 25 25 NUM cblr-1746 828 25 is be AUX cblr-1746 828 26 a a DET cblr-1746 828 27 small small ADJ cblr-1746 828 28 number number NOUN cblr-1746 828 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 828 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 829 1 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 830 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 830 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 830 3 a a DET cblr-1746 830 4 large large ADJ cblr-1746 830 5 number number NOUN cblr-1746 830 6 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 830 7 compared compare VERB cblr-1746 830 8 to to ADP cblr-1746 830 9 a a DET cblr-1746 830 10 single single ADJ cblr-1746 830 11 unit unit NOUN cblr-1746 830 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 831 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 831 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 831 3 no no DET cblr-1746 831 4 necessity necessity NOUN cblr-1746 831 5 for for ADP cblr-1746 831 6 encumbering encumber VERB cblr-1746 831 7 the the DET cblr-1746 831 8 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 831 9 process process NOUN cblr-1746 831 10 with with ADP cblr-1746 831 11 25 25 NUM cblr-1746 831 12 lawsuits lawsuit NOUN cblr-1746 831 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 831 14 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 831 15 one one PRON cblr-1746 831 16 will will AUX cblr-1746 831 17 do do VERB cblr-1746 831 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 831 19 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 831 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 831 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 832 1 222 222 NUM cblr-1746 832 2 dean dean NOUN cblr-1746 832 3 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 832 4 china china PROPN cblr-1746 832 5 agritech agritech PROPN cblr-1746 832 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 832 7 2012 2012 NUM cblr-1746 832 8 wl wl NOUN cblr-1746 832 9 1835708 1835708 NUM cblr-1746 832 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 832 11 at at ADP cblr-1746 832 12 * * NUM cblr-1746 832 13 4 4 NUM cblr-1746 832 14 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 832 15 c.d c.d PROPN cblr-1746 832 16 . . PROPN cblr-1746 832 17 cal cal PROPN cblr-1746 832 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 833 1 may may AUX cblr-1746 833 2 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 833 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 833 4 2012 2012 NUM cblr-1746 833 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 833 6 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 833 7 see see VERB cblr-1746 833 8 also also ADV cblr-1746 833 9 rubenstein rubenstein PROPN cblr-1746 833 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 833 11 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 833 12 note note PROPN cblr-1746 833 13 156 156 NUM cblr-1746 833 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 833 15 § § PROPN cblr-1746 833 16 3:13 3:13 NUM cblr-1746 833 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 833 18 noting note VERB cblr-1746 833 19 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 833 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 833 21 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 833 22 although although SCONJ cblr-1746 833 23 the the DET cblr-1746 833 24 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 833 25 has have VERB cblr-1746 833 26 the the DET cblr-1746 833 27 burden burden NOUN cblr-1746 833 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 833 29 showing show VERB cblr-1746 833 30 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 833 31 joinder joinder NOUN cblr-1746 833 32 is be AUX cblr-1746 833 33 impracticable impracticable ADJ cblr-1746 833 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 833 35 a a DET cblr-1746 833 36 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 833 37 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 833 38 final final ADJ cblr-1746 833 39 796 796 NUM cblr-1746 833 40 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 833 41 business business NOUN cblr-1746 833 42 law law NOUN cblr-1746 833 43 review review NOUN cblr-1746 833 44 [ [ X cblr-1746 833 45 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 833 46 . . NOUN cblr-1746 834 1 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 835 1 this this DET cblr-1746 835 2 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 835 3 coheres cohere VERB cblr-1746 835 4 to to ADP cblr-1746 835 5 the the DET cblr-1746 835 6 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 835 7 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 835 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 836 1 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 836 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 836 3 a a DET cblr-1746 836 4 prime prime ADJ cblr-1746 836 5 example example NOUN cblr-1746 836 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 836 7 an an DET cblr-1746 836 8 issue issue NOUN cblr-1746 836 9 that that PRON cblr-1746 836 10 concerns concern VERB cblr-1746 836 11 the the DET cblr-1746 836 12 external external ADJ cblr-1746 836 13 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 836 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 836 15 a a DET cblr-1746 836 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 836 17 action action NOUN cblr-1746 836 18 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 836 19 literally literally ADV cblr-1746 836 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 836 21 its its PRON cblr-1746 836 22 size size NOUN cblr-1746 836 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 837 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 837 2 the the DET cblr-1746 837 3 size size NOUN cblr-1746 837 4 of of ADP cblr-1746 837 5 a a DET cblr-1746 837 6 class class NOUN cblr-1746 837 7 action action NOUN cblr-1746 837 8 may may AUX cblr-1746 837 9 present present VERB cblr-1746 837 10 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 837 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 837 12 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 837 13 problems,223 problems,223 NOUN cblr-1746 837 14 interventionist interventionist ADJ cblr-1746 837 15 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 837 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 837 17 these these DET cblr-1746 837 18 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 837 19 is be AUX cblr-1746 837 20 not not PART cblr-1746 837 21 necessarily necessarily ADV cblr-1746 837 22 the the DET cblr-1746 837 23 solution solution NOUN cblr-1746 837 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 838 1 not not PART cblr-1746 838 2 only only ADV cblr-1746 838 3 are be AUX cblr-1746 838 4 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 838 5 ill ill ADV cblr-1746 838 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 838 7 suited suited ADJ cblr-1746 838 8 to to PART cblr-1746 838 9 determine determine VERB cblr-1746 838 10 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 838 11 a a DET cblr-1746 838 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 838 13 should should AUX cblr-1746 838 14 be be AUX cblr-1746 838 15 larger,224 larger,224 PROPN cblr-1746 838 16 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 838 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 838 18 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 838 19 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 838 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 838 21 members member NOUN cblr-1746 838 22 have have VERB cblr-1746 838 23 compelling compelling ADJ cblr-1746 838 24 incentives incentive NOUN cblr-1746 838 25 to to PART cblr-1746 838 26 pursue pursue VERB cblr-1746 838 27 a a DET cblr-1746 838 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 838 29 action action NOUN cblr-1746 838 30 only only ADV cblr-1746 838 31 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 838 32 it it PRON cblr-1746 838 33 is be AUX cblr-1746 838 34 superior superior ADJ cblr-1746 838 35 to to PART cblr-1746 838 36 available available ADJ cblr-1746 838 37 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 838 38 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 838 39 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 838 40 practicable practicable ADJ cblr-1746 838 41 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 838 42 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 838 43 alternatives.225 alternatives.225 NOUN cblr-1746 838 44 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 838 45 does do AUX cblr-1746 838 46 not not PART cblr-1746 838 47 require require VERB cblr-1746 838 48 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 838 49 to to PART cblr-1746 838 50 abandon abandon VERB cblr-1746 838 51 the the DET cblr-1746 838 52 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 838 53 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 838 54 altogether altogether ADV cblr-1746 838 55 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 839 1 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 839 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 839 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 839 4 often often ADV cblr-1746 839 5 employ employ VERB cblr-1746 839 6 the the DET cblr-1746 839 7 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 839 8 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 839 9 as as ADP cblr-1746 839 10 a a DET cblr-1746 839 11 screening screening NOUN cblr-1746 839 12 mechanism mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 839 13 to to PART cblr-1746 839 14 determine determine VERB cblr-1746 839 15 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 839 16 other other ADJ cblr-1746 839 17 provisions provision NOUN cblr-1746 839 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 839 19 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 839 20 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 839 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 839 22 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 839 23 those those PRON cblr-1746 839 24 relating relate VERB cblr-1746 839 25 to to ADP cblr-1746 839 26 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 839 27 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 839 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 839 29 should should AUX cblr-1746 839 30 be be AUX cblr-1746 839 31 applied apply VERB cblr-1746 839 32 with with ADP cblr-1746 839 33 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 839 34 scrutiny.226 scrutiny.226 NOUN cblr-1746 839 35 one one NUM cblr-1746 839 36 commentator commentator NOUN cblr-1746 839 37 notes note VERB cblr-1746 839 38 the the DET cblr-1746 839 39 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 839 40 interrelationship interrelationship NOUN cblr-1746 839 41 of of ADP cblr-1746 839 42 the the DET cblr-1746 839 43 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 839 44 prerequisite prerequisite NOUN cblr-1746 839 45 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 839 46 some some PRON cblr-1746 839 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 839 48 the the DET cblr-1746 839 49 other other ADJ cblr-1746 839 50 class class NOUN cblr-1746 839 51 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 839 52 action action NOUN cblr-1746 839 53 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 839 54 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 839 55 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 839 56 for for ADP cblr-1746 839 57 example example NOUN cblr-1746 839 58 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 839 59 the the DET cblr-1746 839 60 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 839 61 in in ADP cblr-1746 839 62 subdivision subdivision NOUN cblr-1746 839 63 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 839 64 a)(4 a)(4 NUM cblr-1746 839 65 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 839 66 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 839 67 the the DET cblr-1746 839 68 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 839 69 adequately adequately ADV cblr-1746 839 70 protect protect VERB cblr-1746 839 71 the the DET cblr-1746 839 72 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 839 73 of of ADP cblr-1746 839 74 all all DET cblr-1746 839 75 members member NOUN cblr-1746 839 76 of of ADP cblr-1746 839 77 the the DET cblr-1746 839 78 class class NOUN cblr-1746 839 79 is be AUX cblr-1746 839 80 a a DET cblr-1746 839 81 peculiarly peculiarly ADV cblr-1746 839 82 good good ADJ cblr-1746 839 83 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 839 84 faith faith NOUN cblr-1746 839 85 estimate estimate NOUN cblr-1746 839 86 of of ADP cblr-1746 839 87 the the DET cblr-1746 839 88 class class NOUN cblr-1746 839 89 size size NOUN cblr-1746 839 90 is be AUX cblr-1746 839 91 sufficient sufficient ADJ cblr-1746 839 92 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 839 93 the the DET cblr-1746 839 94 precise precise ADJ cblr-1746 839 95 number number NOUN cblr-1746 839 96 of of ADP cblr-1746 839 97 class class NOUN cblr-1746 839 98 members member NOUN cblr-1746 839 99 is be AUX cblr-1746 839 100 not not PART cblr-1746 839 101 readily readily ADV cblr-1746 839 102 ascertainable ascertainable ADJ cblr-1746 839 103 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 839 104 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 839 105 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 840 1 223 223 NUM cblr-1746 840 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 840 3 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 840 4 section section PROPN cblr-1746 840 5 ii.b.2 ii.b.2 PROPN cblr-1746 840 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 841 1 224 224 NUM cblr-1746 841 2 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 841 3 lack lack VERB cblr-1746 841 4 the the DET cblr-1746 841 5 investigative investigative ADJ cblr-1746 841 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 841 7 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 841 8 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 841 9 finding find VERB cblr-1746 841 10 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 841 11 to to PART cblr-1746 841 12 reach reach VERB cblr-1746 841 13 this this DET cblr-1746 841 14 conclusion conclusion NOUN cblr-1746 841 15 sua sua PROPN cblr-1746 841 16 sponte sponte PROPN cblr-1746 841 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 842 1 at at ADP cblr-1746 842 2 a a DET cblr-1746 842 3 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 842 4 hearing hearing NOUN cblr-1746 842 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 842 6 there there PRON cblr-1746 842 7 will will AUX cblr-1746 842 8 be be AUX cblr-1746 842 9 a a DET cblr-1746 842 10 predictable predictable ADJ cblr-1746 842 11 lack lack NOUN cblr-1746 842 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 842 13 any any DET cblr-1746 842 14 adversarial adversarial ADJ cblr-1746 842 15 position position NOUN cblr-1746 842 16 on on ADP cblr-1746 842 17 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 842 18 the the DET cblr-1746 842 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 842 20 size size NOUN cblr-1746 842 21 is be AUX cblr-1746 842 22 too too ADV cblr-1746 842 23 small small ADJ cblr-1746 842 24 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 842 25 no no DET cblr-1746 842 26 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 842 27 will will AUX cblr-1746 842 28 argue argue VERB cblr-1746 842 29 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 842 30 the the DET cblr-1746 842 31 class class NOUN cblr-1746 842 32 should should AUX cblr-1746 842 33 be be AUX cblr-1746 842 34 larger large ADJ cblr-1746 842 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 842 36 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 842 37 no no DET cblr-1746 842 38 class class NOUN cblr-1746 842 39 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 842 40 will will AUX cblr-1746 842 41 argue argue VERB cblr-1746 842 42 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 842 43 the the DET cblr-1746 842 44 class class NOUN cblr-1746 842 45 should should AUX cblr-1746 842 46 not not PART cblr-1746 842 47 be be AUX cblr-1746 842 48 certified certify VERB cblr-1746 842 49 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 842 50 it it PRON cblr-1746 842 51 is be AUX cblr-1746 842 52 insufficiently insufficiently ADV cblr-1746 842 53 numerous numerous ADJ cblr-1746 842 54 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 843 1 consequently consequently ADV cblr-1746 843 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 843 3 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 843 4 often often ADV cblr-1746 843 5 defer defer VERB cblr-1746 843 6 to to ADP cblr-1746 843 7 the the DET cblr-1746 843 8 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 843 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 843 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 843 11 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 843 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 844 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 844 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 844 3 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 844 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 844 5 gortat gortat PROPN cblr-1746 844 6 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 844 7 capala capala PROPN cblr-1746 844 8 bros bros PROPN cblr-1746 844 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 844 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 844 11 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 844 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 844 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 844 14 257 257 NUM cblr-1746 844 15 f.r.d f.r.d NOUN cblr-1746 844 16 . . PROPN cblr-1746 844 17 353 353 NUM cblr-1746 844 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 844 19 362 362 NUM cblr-1746 844 20 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 844 21 e.d.n.y e.d.n.y PROPN cblr-1746 844 22 . . NOUN cblr-1746 844 23 2009 2009 NUM cblr-1746 844 24 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 844 25 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 844 26 stating state VERB cblr-1746 844 27 that that DET cblr-1746 844 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 844 29 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 844 30 need need AUX cblr-1746 844 31 only only ADV cblr-1746 844 32 show show VERB cblr-1746 844 33 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 844 34 some some DET cblr-1746 844 35 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 844 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 844 37 the the DET cblr-1746 844 38 class class NOUN cblr-1746 844 39 members member NOUN cblr-1746 844 40 that that PRON cblr-1746 844 41 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 844 42 in in ADP cblr-1746 844 43 effect effect NOUN cblr-1746 844 44 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 844 45 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 844 46 the the DET cblr-1746 844 47 court court NOUN cblr-1746 844 48 with with ADP cblr-1746 844 49 a a DET cblr-1746 844 50 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 844 51 estimate estimate NOUN cblr-1746 844 52 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 844 53 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 844 54 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 844 55 in in ADP cblr-1746 844 56 re re PROPN cblr-1746 844 57 healthsouth healthsouth PROPN cblr-1746 844 58 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 844 59 . . PROPN cblr-1746 844 60 sec sec PROPN cblr-1746 844 61 . . PROPN cblr-1746 844 62 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 844 63 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 845 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 845 2 257 257 NUM cblr-1746 845 3 f.r.d f.r.d NOUN cblr-1746 845 4 . . PROPN cblr-1746 845 5 260 260 NUM cblr-1746 845 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 845 7 274 274 NUM cblr-1746 845 8 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 845 9 n.d n.d PROPN cblr-1746 845 10 . . PROPN cblr-1746 845 11 ala ala PROPN cblr-1746 845 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 846 1 2009 2009 NUM cblr-1746 846 2 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 847 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 847 2 stating state VERB cblr-1746 847 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 847 4 the the DET cblr-1746 847 5 court court NOUN cblr-1746 847 6 can can AUX cblr-1746 847 7 rely rely VERB cblr-1746 847 8 on on ADP cblr-1746 847 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 847 10 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 847 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 847 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 847 13 a a DET cblr-1746 847 14 finding finding NOUN cblr-1746 847 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 847 16 numerosity numerosity NOUN cblr-1746 847 17 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 847 18 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 847 19 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 847 20 make make VERB cblr-1746 847 21 common common ADJ cblr-1746 847 22 sense sense NOUN cblr-1746 847 23 assumption[s assumption[ NOUN cblr-1746 847 24 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 847 25 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 847 26 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 847 27 citing cite VERB cblr-1746 847 28 zeidman zeidman PROPN cblr-1746 847 29 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 847 30 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 847 31 ray ray PROPN cblr-1746 847 32 mcdermott mcdermott PROPN cblr-1746 847 33 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 847 34 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 847 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 847 36 651 651 NUM cblr-1746 847 37 f.2d f.2d NOUN cblr-1746 847 38 1030 1030 NUM cblr-1746 847 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 847 40 1039 1039 NUM cblr-1746 847 41 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 847 42 5th 5th ADJ cblr-1746 847 43 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 847 44 . . PROPN cblr-1746 847 45 1981 1981 NUM cblr-1746 847 46 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 847 47 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 847 48 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 847 49 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 848 1 225 225 NUM cblr-1746 848 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 848 3 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 848 4 section section PROPN cblr-1746 848 5 iii.a.2 iii.a.2 PROPN cblr-1746 848 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 849 1 226 226 NUM cblr-1746 849 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 849 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 849 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 849 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 849 6 eisen eisen NOUN cblr-1746 849 7 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 849 8 carlisle carlisle PROPN cblr-1746 849 9 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 849 10 jacquelin jacquelin PROPN cblr-1746 849 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 849 12 391 391 NUM cblr-1746 849 13 f.2d f.2d ADP cblr-1746 849 14 555 555 NUM cblr-1746 849 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 849 16 570 570 NUM cblr-1746 849 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 849 18 2d 2d NUM cblr-1746 849 19 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 849 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 849 21 1968 1968 NUM cblr-1746 849 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 849 23 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 849 24 lumbard lumbard PROPN cblr-1746 849 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 849 26 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 849 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 849 28 dissenting dissent VERB cblr-1746 849 29 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 849 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 850 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 850 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 850 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 850 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 850 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 851 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 851 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 851 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 851 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 851 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 851 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 851 7 797 797 NUM cblr-1746 851 8 significant significant ADJ cblr-1746 851 9 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 851 10 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 851 11 the the DET cblr-1746 851 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 851 13 is be AUX cblr-1746 851 14 very very ADV cblr-1746 851 15 large large ADJ cblr-1746 851 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 852 1 furthermore furthermore ADV cblr-1746 852 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 852 3 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 852 4 of of ADP cblr-1746 852 5 the the DET cblr-1746 852 6 mandatory mandatory ADJ cblr-1746 852 7 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 852 8 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 852 9 applicable applicable ADJ cblr-1746 852 10 in in ADP cblr-1746 852 11 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 852 12 brought bring VERB cblr-1746 852 13 under under ADP cblr-1746 852 14 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 852 15 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 852 16 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 852 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 852 18 the the DET cblr-1746 852 19 binding bind VERB cblr-1746 852 20 effect effect NOUN cblr-1746 852 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 852 22 the the DET cblr-1746 852 23 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 852 24 on on ADP cblr-1746 852 25 all all DET cblr-1746 852 26 class class NOUN cblr-1746 852 27 members member NOUN cblr-1746 852 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 852 29 a a DET cblr-1746 852 30 few few ADJ cblr-1746 852 31 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 852 32 have have AUX cblr-1746 852 33 suggested suggest VERB cblr-1746 852 34 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 852 35 concerns concern NOUN cblr-1746 852 36 about about ADP cblr-1746 852 37 size size NOUN cblr-1746 852 38 may may AUX cblr-1746 852 39 have have AUX cblr-1746 852 40 increased increase VERB cblr-1746 852 41 importance importance NOUN cblr-1746 852 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 853 1 again again ADV cblr-1746 853 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 853 3 however however ADV cblr-1746 853 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 853 5 the the DET cblr-1746 853 6 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 853 7 these these DET cblr-1746 853 8 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 853 9 are be AUX cblr-1746 853 10 expressing express VERB cblr-1746 853 11 is be AUX cblr-1746 853 12 not not PART cblr-1746 853 13 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 853 14 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 853 15 23(a)(1 23(a)(1 NUM cblr-1746 853 16 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 853 17 has have AUX cblr-1746 853 18 been be AUX cblr-1746 853 19 satisfied satisfied ADJ cblr-1746 853 20 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 853 21 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 853 22 it it PRON cblr-1746 853 23 is be AUX cblr-1746 853 24 proper proper ADJ cblr-1746 853 25 to to PART cblr-1746 853 26 bind bind VERB cblr-1746 853 27 all all DET cblr-1746 853 28 the the DET cblr-1746 853 29 members member NOUN cblr-1746 853 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 853 31 the the DET cblr-1746 853 32 class class NOUN cblr-1746 853 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 853 34 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 853 35 it it PRON cblr-1746 853 36 is be AUX cblr-1746 853 37 feasible feasible ADJ cblr-1746 853 38 to to PART cblr-1746 853 39 give give VERB cblr-1746 853 40 them they PRON cblr-1746 853 41 all all PRON cblr-1746 853 42 proper proper ADJ cblr-1746 853 43 notice.227 notice.227 PROPN cblr-1746 853 44 this this PRON cblr-1746 853 45 is be AUX cblr-1746 853 46 precisely precisely ADV cblr-1746 853 47 what what PRON cblr-1746 853 48 the the DET cblr-1746 853 49 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 853 50 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 853 51 prescribes prescribe VERB cblr-1746 853 52 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 854 1 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 854 2 should should AUX cblr-1746 854 3 subject subject VERB cblr-1746 854 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 854 5 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 854 6 that that PRON cblr-1746 854 7 have have AUX cblr-1746 854 8 been be AUX cblr-1746 854 9 accorded accord VERB cblr-1746 854 10 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 854 11 external external ADJ cblr-1746 854 12 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 854 13 to to ADP cblr-1746 854 14 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 854 15 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 854 16 scrutiny.228 scrutiny.228 PROPN cblr-1746 854 17 this this DET cblr-1746 854 18 screening screening NOUN cblr-1746 854 19 process process NOUN cblr-1746 854 20 is be AUX cblr-1746 854 21 not not PART cblr-1746 854 22 unique unique ADJ cblr-1746 854 23 to to ADP cblr-1746 854 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 854 25 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 854 26 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 854 27 alien alien ADJ cblr-1746 854 28 to to ADP cblr-1746 854 29 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 854 30 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 854 31 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 854 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 854 33 it it PRON cblr-1746 854 34 is be AUX cblr-1746 854 35 a a DET cblr-1746 854 36 familiar familiar ADJ cblr-1746 854 37 feature feature NOUN cblr-1746 854 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 854 39 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 854 40 law law NOUN cblr-1746 854 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 855 1 not not PART cblr-1746 855 2 only only ADV cblr-1746 855 3 are be AUX cblr-1746 855 4 smaller small ADJ cblr-1746 855 5 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 855 6 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 855 7 accorded accord VERB cblr-1746 855 8 a a DET cblr-1746 855 9 more more ADJ cblr-1746 855 10 latitude latitude NOUN cblr-1746 855 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 855 12 the the DET cblr-1746 855 13 antirust antirust PROPN cblr-1746 855 14 context,229 context,229 PROPN cblr-1746 855 15 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 855 16 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 855 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 855 18 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 855 19 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 855 20 regulators regulator NOUN cblr-1746 855 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 855 22 also also ADV cblr-1746 855 23 rely rely VERB cblr-1746 855 24 on on ADP cblr-1746 855 25 market market NOUN cblr-1746 855 26 share share NOUN cblr-1746 855 27 as as ADP cblr-1746 855 28 a a DET cblr-1746 855 29 factor factor NOUN cblr-1746 855 30 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 855 31 weighing weigh VERB cblr-1746 855 32 the the DET cblr-1746 855 33 degree degree NOUN cblr-1746 855 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 855 35 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 855 36 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 855 37 potentially potentially ADV cblr-1746 855 38 anticompetitive anticompetitive ADJ cblr-1746 855 39 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 855 40 should should AUX cblr-1746 855 41 receive.230 receive.230 VERB cblr-1746 855 42 though though ADV cblr-1746 855 43 smaller small ADJ cblr-1746 855 44 227 227 NUM cblr-1746 855 45 7a 7a NUM cblr-1746 855 46 wright wright PROPN cblr-1746 855 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 855 48 miller miller PROPN cblr-1746 855 49 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 855 50 kane kane PROPN cblr-1746 855 51 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 855 52 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 855 53 note note PROPN cblr-1746 855 54 14 14 NUM cblr-1746 855 55 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 855 56 § § PROPN cblr-1746 855 57 1762 1762 NUM cblr-1746 855 58 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 856 1 228 228 NUM cblr-1746 856 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 856 3 infra infra NOUN cblr-1746 856 4 part part NOUN cblr-1746 856 5 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 856 6 229 229 NUM cblr-1746 856 7 see see VERB cblr-1746 856 8 stephen stephen PROPN cblr-1746 856 9 g. g. PROPN cblr-1746 856 10 breyer breyer PROPN cblr-1746 856 11 et et PROPN cblr-1746 856 12 al al PROPN cblr-1746 856 13 . . PROPN cblr-1746 856 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 856 15 administrative administrative ADJ cblr-1746 856 16 law law NOUN cblr-1746 856 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 856 18 regulatory regulatory ADJ cblr-1746 856 19 policy policy NOUN cblr-1746 856 20 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 856 21 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 856 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 856 23 text text NOUN cblr-1746 856 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 856 25 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 856 26 cases case NOUN cblr-1746 856 27 10 10 NUM cblr-1746 856 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 856 29 7th 7th ADJ cblr-1746 856 30 ed ed NOUN cblr-1746 856 31 . . PROPN cblr-1746 856 32 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 856 33 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 856 34 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 856 35 noting note VERB cblr-1746 856 36 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 856 37 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 856 38 congress congress PROPN cblr-1746 856 39 has have AUX cblr-1746 856 40 granted grant VERB cblr-1746 856 41 small small ADJ cblr-1746 856 42 sellers seller NOUN cblr-1746 856 43 an an DET cblr-1746 856 44 exemption exemption NOUN cblr-1746 856 45 from from ADP cblr-1746 856 46 the the DET cblr-1746 856 47 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 856 48 laws law NOUN cblr-1746 856 49 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 856 50 thereby thereby ADV cblr-1746 856 51 allowing allow VERB cblr-1746 856 52 them they PRON cblr-1746 856 53 to to PART cblr-1746 856 54 organize organize VERB cblr-1746 856 55 to to PART cblr-1746 856 56 deal deal VERB cblr-1746 856 57 more more ADV cblr-1746 856 58 effectively effectively ADV cblr-1746 856 59 with with ADP cblr-1746 856 60 a a DET cblr-1746 856 61 large large ADJ cblr-1746 856 62 buyer buyer NOUN cblr-1746 856 63 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 856 64 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 856 65 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 856 66 robert robert PROPN cblr-1746 856 67 h. h. PROPN cblr-1746 856 68 bork bork PROPN cblr-1746 856 69 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 856 70 the the DET cblr-1746 856 71 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 856 72 paradox paradox NOUN cblr-1746 856 73 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 856 74 a a DET cblr-1746 856 75 policy policy NOUN cblr-1746 856 76 at at ADP cblr-1746 856 77 war war NOUN cblr-1746 856 78 with with ADP cblr-1746 856 79 itself itself PRON cblr-1746 856 80 204–05 204–05 NOUN cblr-1746 856 81 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 856 82 the the DET cblr-1746 856 83 free free ADJ cblr-1746 856 84 press press NOUN cblr-1746 856 85 1993 1993 NUM cblr-1746 856 86 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 856 87 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 856 88 1978 1978 NUM cblr-1746 856 89 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 856 90 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 857 1 230 230 NUM cblr-1746 857 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 857 3 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 857 4 . . PROPN cblr-1746 857 5 dep’t dep’t PROPN cblr-1746 857 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 857 7 justice justice PROPN cblr-1746 857 8 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 857 9 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 857 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 858 1 trade trade PROPN cblr-1746 858 2 comm’n comm’n NOUN cblr-1746 858 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 858 4 horizontal horizontal ADJ cblr-1746 858 5 merger merger NOUN cblr-1746 858 6 guidelines guideline VERB cblr-1746 858 7 § § PROPN cblr-1746 858 8 5.2 5.2 NUM cblr-1746 858 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 858 10 2010 2010 NUM cblr-1746 858 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 858 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 859 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 859 2 examples example NOUN cblr-1746 859 3 of of ADP cblr-1746 859 4 the the DET cblr-1746 859 5 judiciary judiciary NOUN cblr-1746 859 6 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 859 7 use use NOUN cblr-1746 859 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 859 9 the the DET cblr-1746 859 10 doj doj PROPN cblr-1746 859 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 859 12 ftc ftc PROPN cblr-1746 859 13 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 859 14 merger merger NOUN cblr-1746 859 15 guidelines guideline NOUN cblr-1746 859 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 859 17 see see VERB cblr-1746 859 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 859 19 for for ADP cblr-1746 859 20 example example NOUN cblr-1746 859 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 859 22 ftc ftc PROPN cblr-1746 859 23 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 859 24 h.j h.j PROPN cblr-1746 859 25 . . PROPN cblr-1746 859 26 heinz heinz PROPN cblr-1746 859 27 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 859 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 859 29 246 246 NUM cblr-1746 859 30 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 859 31 708 708 NUM cblr-1746 859 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 859 33 721 721 NUM cblr-1746 859 34 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 859 35 d.c d.c PROPN cblr-1746 859 36 . . PROPN cblr-1746 859 37 cir cir PROPN cblr-1746 859 38 . . PROPN cblr-1746 859 39 2001 2001 NUM cblr-1746 859 40 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 859 41 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 859 42 stating state VERB cblr-1746 859 43 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 859 44 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 859 45 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 859 46 given give VERB cblr-1746 859 47 the the DET cblr-1746 859 48 high high ADJ cblr-1746 859 49 concentration concentration NOUN cblr-1746 859 50 levels level NOUN cblr-1746 859 51 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 859 52 the the DET cblr-1746 859 53 court court NOUN cblr-1746 859 54 must must AUX cblr-1746 859 55 undertake undertake VERB cblr-1746 859 56 a a DET cblr-1746 859 57 rigorous rigorous ADJ cblr-1746 859 58 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 859 59 of of ADP cblr-1746 859 60 the the DET cblr-1746 859 61 kinds kind NOUN cblr-1746 859 62 of of ADP cblr-1746 859 63 efficiencies efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 859 64 being be AUX cblr-1746 859 65 urged urge VERB cblr-1746 859 66 by by ADP cblr-1746 859 67 the the DET cblr-1746 859 68 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 859 69 in in ADP cblr-1746 859 70 order order NOUN cblr-1746 859 71 to to PART cblr-1746 859 72 ensure ensure VERB cblr-1746 859 73 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 859 74 those those DET cblr-1746 859 75 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 859 76 efficiencies efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 859 77 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 859 78 represent represent VERB cblr-1746 859 79 more more ADJ cblr-1746 859 80 than than ADP cblr-1746 859 81 mere mere ADJ cblr-1746 859 82 speculation speculation NOUN cblr-1746 859 83 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 859 84 promises promise NOUN cblr-1746 859 85 about about ADP cblr-1746 859 86 post post ADJ cblr-1746 859 87 - - ADJ cblr-1746 859 88 merger merger ADJ cblr-1746 859 89 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 859 90 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 859 91 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 859 92 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 859 93 ftc ftc PROPN cblr-1746 859 94 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 859 95 staples staples PROPN cblr-1746 859 96 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 859 97 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 859 98 . . PROPN cblr-1746 859 99 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 859 100 970 970 NUM cblr-1746 859 101 f. f. PROPN cblr-1746 859 102 supp supp PROPN cblr-1746 859 103 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 860 1 1066 1066 NUM cblr-1746 860 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 860 3 1082 1082 NUM cblr-1746 860 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 860 5 d.d.c d.d.c PROPN cblr-1746 860 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 860 7 1997 1997 NUM cblr-1746 860 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 860 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 860 10 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 860 11 the the DET cblr-1746 860 12 merger merger NOUN cblr-1746 860 13 guidelines guideline NOUN cblr-1746 860 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 860 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 860 16 course course NOUN cblr-1746 860 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 860 18 are be AUX cblr-1746 860 19 not not PART cblr-1746 860 20 binding bind VERB cblr-1746 860 21 on on ADP cblr-1746 860 22 the the DET cblr-1746 860 23 court court NOUN cblr-1746 860 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 860 25 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 860 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 860 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 860 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 861 1 they they PRON cblr-1746 861 2 do do AUX cblr-1746 861 3 provide provide VERB cblr-1746 861 4 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 861 5 a a DET cblr-1746 861 6 useful useful ADJ cblr-1746 861 7 illustration illustration NOUN cblr-1746 861 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 861 9 the the DET cblr-1746 861 10 application application NOUN cblr-1746 861 11 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 861 12 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 861 13 final final ADJ cblr-1746 861 14 798 798 NUM cblr-1746 861 15 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 861 16 business business NOUN cblr-1746 861 17 law law NOUN cblr-1746 861 18 review review NOUN cblr-1746 861 19 [ [ X cblr-1746 861 20 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 861 21 . . NOUN cblr-1746 862 1 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 862 2 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 862 3 can can AUX cblr-1746 862 4 certainly certainly ADV cblr-1746 862 5 present present VERB cblr-1746 862 6 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 862 7 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 862 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 862 9 the the DET cblr-1746 862 10 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 862 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 862 12 those those DET cblr-1746 862 13 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 862 14 are be AUX cblr-1746 862 15 often often ADV cblr-1746 862 16 too too ADV cblr-1746 862 17 small small ADJ cblr-1746 862 18 to to PART cblr-1746 862 19 justify justify VERB cblr-1746 862 20 aggressive aggressive ADJ cblr-1746 862 21 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 862 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 863 1 2 2 X cblr-1746 863 2 . . NUM cblr-1746 863 3 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 863 4 change change NOUN cblr-1746 863 5 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 863 6 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 863 7 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 863 8 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 863 9 by by ADP cblr-1746 863 10 contrast contrast NOUN cblr-1746 863 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 863 12 the the DET cblr-1746 863 13 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 863 14 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 863 15 prescribes prescribe VERB cblr-1746 863 16 a a DET cblr-1746 863 17 substantial substantial ADJ cblr-1746 863 18 overhaul overhaul NOUN cblr-1746 863 19 to to ADP cblr-1746 863 20 both both PRON cblr-1746 863 21 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 863 22 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 863 23 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 863 24 doctrines doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 863 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 864 1 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 864 2 noted note VERB cblr-1746 864 3 earlier early ADV cblr-1746 864 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 864 5 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 864 6 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 864 7 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 864 8 a a DET cblr-1746 864 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 864 10 may may AUX cblr-1746 864 11 be be AUX cblr-1746 864 12 certified certify VERB cblr-1746 864 13 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 864 14 only only ADV cblr-1746 864 15 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 864 16 there there PRON cblr-1746 864 17 are be VERB cblr-1746 864 18 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 864 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 864 20 law law NOUN cblr-1746 864 21 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 864 22 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 864 23 common common ADJ cblr-1746 864 24 to to ADP cblr-1746 864 25 the the DET cblr-1746 864 26 class”;231 class”;231 ADJ cblr-1746 864 27 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 864 28 requires require VERB cblr-1746 864 29 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 864 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 864 31 for for ADP cblr-1746 864 32 a a DET cblr-1746 864 33 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 864 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 864 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 864 36 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 864 37 the the DET cblr-1746 864 38 court court NOUN cblr-1746 864 39 finds find VERB cblr-1746 864 40 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 864 41 the the DET cblr-1746 864 42 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 864 43 of of ADP cblr-1746 864 44 law law NOUN cblr-1746 864 45 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 864 46 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 864 47 common common ADJ cblr-1746 864 48 to to ADP cblr-1746 864 49 class class NOUN cblr-1746 864 50 members member NOUN cblr-1746 864 51 predominate predominate ADJ cblr-1746 864 52 over over ADP cblr-1746 864 53 any any DET cblr-1746 864 54 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 864 55 affecting affect VERB cblr-1746 864 56 only only ADV cblr-1746 864 57 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 864 58 members member NOUN cblr-1746 864 59 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 865 1 ”232 ”232 PROPN cblr-1746 865 2 both both PRON cblr-1746 865 3 directly directly ADV cblr-1746 865 4 implicate implicate VERB cblr-1746 865 5 the the DET cblr-1746 865 6 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 865 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 865 8 putative putative ADJ cblr-1746 865 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 865 10 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 865 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 865 12 providing provide VERB cblr-1746 865 13 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 865 14 with with ADP cblr-1746 865 15 a a DET cblr-1746 865 16 mechanism mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 865 17 to to PART cblr-1746 865 18 restrict restrict VERB cblr-1746 865 19 size size NOUN cblr-1746 865 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 866 1 taking take VERB cblr-1746 866 2 advantage advantage NOUN cblr-1746 866 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 866 4 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 866 5 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 866 6 often often ADV cblr-1746 866 7 these these DET cblr-1746 866 8 provisions provision NOUN cblr-1746 866 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 866 10 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 866 11 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 866 12 with with ADP cblr-1746 866 13 a a DET cblr-1746 866 14 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 866 15 hand hand NOUN cblr-1746 866 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 866 17 ostensibly ostensibly ADV cblr-1746 866 18 to to PART cblr-1746 866 19 root root VERB cblr-1746 866 20 out out ADP cblr-1746 866 21 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 866 22 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 866 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 867 1 the the DET cblr-1746 867 2 supreme supreme PROPN cblr-1746 867 3 court court PROPN cblr-1746 867 4 articulated articulate VERB cblr-1746 867 5 a a DET cblr-1746 867 6 particularly particularly ADV cblr-1746 867 7 stringent stringent ADJ cblr-1746 867 8 understanding understanding NOUN cblr-1746 867 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 867 10 the the DET cblr-1746 867 11 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 867 12 23(a)(2 23(a)(2 NUM cblr-1746 867 13 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 867 14 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 867 15 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 867 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 867 17 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 867 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 867 19 mart mart NOUN cblr-1746 867 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 867 21 which which PRON cblr-1746 867 22 concerned concern VERB cblr-1746 867 23 a a DET cblr-1746 867 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 867 25 action action NOUN cblr-1746 867 26 comprised comprise VERB cblr-1746 867 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 867 28 more more ADJ cblr-1746 867 29 than than ADP cblr-1746 867 30 1.5 1.5 NUM cblr-1746 867 31 million million NUM cblr-1746 867 32 current current ADJ cblr-1746 867 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 867 34 former former ADJ cblr-1746 867 35 employees employee NOUN cblr-1746 867 36 who who PRON cblr-1746 867 37 alleged allege VERB cblr-1746 867 38 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 867 39 their their PRON cblr-1746 867 40 employer employer NOUN cblr-1746 867 41 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 867 42 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 867 43 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 867 44 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 867 45 stores stores PROPN cblr-1746 867 46 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 867 47 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 867 48 . . PROPN cblr-1746 867 49 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 867 50 discriminated discriminate VERB cblr-1746 867 51 against against ADP cblr-1746 867 52 women woman NOUN cblr-1746 867 53 on on ADP cblr-1746 867 54 the the DET cblr-1746 867 55 basis basis NOUN cblr-1746 867 56 of of ADP cblr-1746 867 57 sex sex NOUN cblr-1746 867 58 by by ADP cblr-1746 867 59 denying deny VERB cblr-1746 867 60 equal equal ADJ cblr-1746 867 61 pay pay NOUN cblr-1746 867 62 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 867 63 promotion promotion NOUN cblr-1746 867 64 opportunities opportunity NOUN cblr-1746 867 65 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 867 66 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 867 67 fair fair ADJ cblr-1746 867 68 treatment treatment NOUN cblr-1746 867 69 in in ADP cblr-1746 867 70 the the DET cblr-1746 867 71 workplace.233 workplace.233 NOUN cblr-1746 867 72 the the DET cblr-1746 867 73 ninth ninth ADJ cblr-1746 867 74 circuit circuit NOUN cblr-1746 867 75 affirmed affirm VERB cblr-1746 867 76 the the DET cblr-1746 867 77 district district NOUN cblr-1746 867 78 court court NOUN cblr-1746 867 79 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 867 80 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 867 81 order order NOUN cblr-1746 867 82 over over ADP cblr-1746 867 83 an an DET cblr-1746 867 84 ardent ardent ADJ cblr-1746 867 85 dissent dissent NOUN cblr-1746 867 86 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 867 87 which which PRON cblr-1746 867 88 framed frame VERB cblr-1746 867 89 its its PRON cblr-1746 867 90 objection objection NOUN cblr-1746 867 91 as as ADP cblr-1746 867 92 one one NUM cblr-1746 867 93 that that PRON cblr-1746 867 94 turned turn VERB cblr-1746 867 95 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 867 96 in in ADP cblr-1746 867 97 part part NOUN cblr-1746 867 98 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 867 99 on on ADP cblr-1746 867 100 class class NOUN cblr-1746 867 101 size size NOUN cblr-1746 867 102 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 867 103 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 867 104 no no DET cblr-1746 867 105 court court NOUN cblr-1746 867 106 has have AUX cblr-1746 867 107 ever ever ADV cblr-1746 867 108 certified certify VERB cblr-1746 867 109 a a DET cblr-1746 867 110 class class NOUN cblr-1746 867 111 like like ADP cblr-1746 867 112 this this DET cblr-1746 867 113 one one NOUN cblr-1746 867 114 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 867 115 until until ADP cblr-1746 867 116 now now ADV cblr-1746 867 117 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 868 1 ”234 ”234 ADJ cblr-1746 868 2 seizing seize VERB cblr-1746 868 3 on on ADP cblr-1746 868 4 that that DET cblr-1746 868 5 observation observation NOUN cblr-1746 868 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 868 7 the the DET cblr-1746 868 8 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 868 9 ’s ’s NOUN cblr-1746 868 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 868 11 the the DET cblr-1746 868 12 hhi hhi NOUN cblr-1746 868 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 868 14 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 868 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 868 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 869 1 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 870 1 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 870 2 the the DET cblr-1746 870 3 [ [ X cblr-1746 870 4 c]ourt c]ourt NOUN cblr-1746 870 5 will will AUX cblr-1746 870 6 use use VERB cblr-1746 870 7 that that DET cblr-1746 870 8 guidance guidance NOUN cblr-1746 870 9 here here ADV cblr-1746 870 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 870 11 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 871 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 871 2 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 871 3 ftc ftc PROPN cblr-1746 871 4 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 871 5 ppg ppg PROPN cblr-1746 871 6 indus indus PROPN cblr-1746 871 7 . . PROPN cblr-1746 871 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 871 9 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 871 10 . . PROPN cblr-1746 871 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 871 12 798 798 NUM cblr-1746 871 13 f.2d f.2d NOUN cblr-1746 871 14 1500 1500 NUM cblr-1746 871 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 871 16 1503 1503 NUM cblr-1746 871 17 n. n. NOUN cblr-1746 871 18 4 4 NUM cblr-1746 871 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 871 20 d.c d.c PROPN cblr-1746 871 21 . . PROPN cblr-1746 871 22 cir cir PROPN cblr-1746 871 23 . . PROPN cblr-1746 871 24 1986 1986 NUM cblr-1746 871 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 871 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 871 27 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 871 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 872 1 231 231 NUM cblr-1746 872 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 872 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 873 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 873 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 873 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 874 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 874 2 23(a)(2 23(a)(2 NUM cblr-1746 874 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 874 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 875 1 232 232 NUM cblr-1746 875 2 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 875 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 876 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 876 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 876 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 877 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 877 2 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NUM cblr-1746 877 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 877 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 878 1 233 233 NUM cblr-1746 878 2 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 878 3 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 878 4 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 878 5 stores stores PROPN cblr-1746 878 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 878 7 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 878 8 . . PROPN cblr-1746 878 9 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 878 10 dukes dukes PROPN cblr-1746 878 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 878 12 564 564 NUM cblr-1746 878 13 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 878 14 . . PROPN cblr-1746 878 15 338 338 NUM cblr-1746 878 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 878 17 342 342 NUM cblr-1746 878 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 878 19 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 878 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 878 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 879 1 234 234 NUM cblr-1746 879 2 dukes duke NOUN cblr-1746 879 3 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 879 4 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 879 5 - - PROPN cblr-1746 879 6 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 879 7 stores stores PROPN cblr-1746 879 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 879 9 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 879 10 . . PROPN cblr-1746 879 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 879 12 603 603 NUM cblr-1746 879 13 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 879 14 571 571 NUM cblr-1746 879 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 879 16 628 628 NUM cblr-1746 879 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 879 18 9th 9th ADJ cblr-1746 879 19 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 879 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 879 21 2010 2010 NUM cblr-1746 879 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 879 23 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 879 24 ikuta ikuta PROPN cblr-1746 879 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 879 26 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 879 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 879 28 dissenting dissent VERB cblr-1746 879 29 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 879 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 880 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 880 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 880 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 880 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 880 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 881 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 881 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 881 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 881 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 881 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 881 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 881 7 799 799 NUM cblr-1746 881 8 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 881 9 objection objection NOUN cblr-1746 881 10 before before ADP cblr-1746 881 11 the the DET cblr-1746 881 12 court court NOUN cblr-1746 881 13 was be AUX cblr-1746 881 14 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 881 15 it it PRON cblr-1746 881 16 had have VERB cblr-1746 881 17 a a DET cblr-1746 881 18 right right NOUN cblr-1746 881 19 to to PART cblr-1746 881 20 present present VERB cblr-1746 881 21 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 881 22 defenses defense NOUN cblr-1746 881 23 with with ADP cblr-1746 881 24 respect respect NOUN cblr-1746 881 25 to to ADP cblr-1746 881 26 each each PRON cblr-1746 881 27 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 881 28 every every DET cblr-1746 881 29 member member NOUN cblr-1746 881 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 881 31 the the DET cblr-1746 881 32 class class NOUN cblr-1746 881 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 881 34 revealing reveal VERB cblr-1746 881 35 a a DET cblr-1746 881 36 lack lack NOUN cblr-1746 881 37 of of ADP cblr-1746 881 38 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 881 39 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 881 40 rendering render VERB cblr-1746 881 41 any any DET cblr-1746 881 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 881 43 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 881 44 wide wide ADJ cblr-1746 881 45 proceeding proceeding NOUN cblr-1746 881 46 unmanageable.235 unmanageable.235 ADP cblr-1746 881 47 the the DET cblr-1746 881 48 court court NOUN cblr-1746 881 49 agreed agree VERB cblr-1746 881 50 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 881 51 determining determine VERB cblr-1746 881 52 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 881 53 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 881 54 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 881 55 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 881 56 it it PRON cblr-1746 881 57 will will AUX cblr-1746 881 58 be be AUX cblr-1746 881 59 impossible impossible ADJ cblr-1746 881 60 to to PART cblr-1746 881 61 say say VERB cblr-1746 881 62 that that DET cblr-1746 881 63 examination examination NOUN cblr-1746 881 64 of of ADP cblr-1746 881 65 all all DET cblr-1746 881 66 the the DET cblr-1746 881 67 class class NOUN cblr-1746 881 68 members member NOUN cblr-1746 881 69 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 881 70 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 881 71 for for ADP cblr-1746 881 72 relief relief NOUN cblr-1746 881 73 will will AUX cblr-1746 881 74 produce produce VERB cblr-1746 881 75 a a DET cblr-1746 881 76 common common ADJ cblr-1746 881 77 answer answer NOUN cblr-1746 881 78 to to ADP cblr-1746 881 79 the the DET cblr-1746 881 80 crucial crucial ADJ cblr-1746 881 81 question question NOUN cblr-1746 881 82 why why SCONJ cblr-1746 881 83 was be AUX cblr-1746 881 84 i i PRON cblr-1746 881 85 disfavored disfavor VERB cblr-1746 881 86 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 881 87 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 881 88 the the DET cblr-1746 881 89 putative putative ADJ cblr-1746 881 90 class class NOUN cblr-1746 881 91 failed fail VERB cblr-1746 881 92 the the DET cblr-1746 881 93 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 881 94 requirement.236 requirement.236 ADP cblr-1746 881 95 the the DET cblr-1746 881 96 dispute dispute NOUN cblr-1746 881 97 in in ADP cblr-1746 881 98 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 881 99 - - ADJ cblr-1746 881 100 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 881 101 can can AUX cblr-1746 881 102 be be AUX cblr-1746 881 103 understood understand VERB cblr-1746 881 104 as as ADP cblr-1746 881 105 one one NUM cblr-1746 881 106 over over ADP cblr-1746 881 107 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 881 108 deferentially deferentially ADV cblr-1746 881 109 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 881 110 should should AUX cblr-1746 881 111 approach approach VERB cblr-1746 881 112 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 881 113 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 882 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 882 2 the the DET cblr-1746 882 3 dissent dissent NOUN cblr-1746 882 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 882 5 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 882 6 [ [ X cblr-1746 882 7 e]ven e]ven ADJ cblr-1746 882 8 a a DET cblr-1746 882 9 single single ADJ cblr-1746 882 10 question question NOUN cblr-1746 882 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 882 12 law law NOUN cblr-1746 882 13 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 882 14 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 882 15 common common ADJ cblr-1746 882 16 to to ADP cblr-1746 882 17 the the DET cblr-1746 882 18 members member NOUN cblr-1746 882 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 882 20 the the DET cblr-1746 882 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 882 22 will will AUX cblr-1746 882 23 satisfy satisfy VERB cblr-1746 882 24 the the DET cblr-1746 882 25 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 882 26 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 882 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 883 1 ”237 ”237 PROPN cblr-1746 884 1 this this DET cblr-1746 884 2 standard standard NOUN cblr-1746 884 3 requires require VERB cblr-1746 884 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 884 5 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 884 6 to to PART cblr-1746 884 7 present present VERB cblr-1746 884 8 an an DET cblr-1746 884 9 open open ADJ cblr-1746 884 10 controversy controversy NOUN cblr-1746 884 11 applicable applicable ADJ cblr-1746 884 12 to to ADP cblr-1746 884 13 all all DET cblr-1746 884 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 884 15 members,238 members,238 NOUN cblr-1746 884 16 such such ADJ cblr-1746 884 17 as as ADP cblr-1746 884 18 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 884 19 a a DET cblr-1746 884 20 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 884 21 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 884 22 policy policy NOUN cblr-1746 884 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 884 24 managerial managerial ADJ cblr-1746 884 25 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 884 26 discriminates discriminate VERB cblr-1746 884 27 on on ADP cblr-1746 884 28 the the DET cblr-1746 884 29 basis basis NOUN cblr-1746 884 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 884 31 sex sex NOUN cblr-1746 884 32 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 885 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 885 2 the the DET cblr-1746 885 3 majority majority NOUN cblr-1746 885 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 885 5 however however ADV cblr-1746 885 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 885 7 there there PRON cblr-1746 885 8 could could AUX cblr-1746 885 9 not not PART cblr-1746 885 10 be be AUX cblr-1746 885 11 common common ADJ cblr-1746 885 12 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 885 13 without without ADP cblr-1746 885 14 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 885 15 common common ADJ cblr-1746 885 16 answers answer NOUN cblr-1746 885 17 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 885 18 to to PART cblr-1746 885 19 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 885 20 drive drive VERB cblr-1746 885 21 the the DET cblr-1746 885 22 resolution resolution NOUN cblr-1746 885 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 885 24 the the DET cblr-1746 885 25 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 885 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 886 1 ”239 ”239 PUNCT cblr-1746 886 2 consequently consequently ADV cblr-1746 886 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 886 4 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 886 5 was be AUX cblr-1746 886 6 defeated defeat VERB cblr-1746 886 7 by by ADP cblr-1746 886 8 the the DET cblr-1746 886 9 contention contention NOUN cblr-1746 886 10 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 886 11 the the DET cblr-1746 886 12 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 886 13 should should AUX cblr-1746 886 14 be be AUX cblr-1746 886 15 able able ADJ cblr-1746 886 16 to to PART cblr-1746 886 17 present present VERB cblr-1746 886 18 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 886 19 defenses defense NOUN cblr-1746 886 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 886 21 the the DET cblr-1746 886 22 event event NOUN cblr-1746 886 23 that that PRON cblr-1746 886 24 a a DET cblr-1746 886 25 jury jury NOUN cblr-1746 886 26 was be AUX cblr-1746 886 27 to to PART cblr-1746 886 28 initially initially ADV cblr-1746 886 29 determine determine VERB cblr-1746 886 30 that that PRON cblr-1746 886 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 886 32 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 886 33 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 886 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 886 35 as as ADP cblr-1746 886 36 a a DET cblr-1746 886 37 general general ADJ cblr-1746 886 38 policy policy NOUN cblr-1746 886 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 886 40 managerial managerial ADJ cblr-1746 886 41 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 886 42 does do AUX cblr-1746 886 43 discriminate discriminate VERB cblr-1746 886 44 on on ADP cblr-1746 886 45 the the DET cblr-1746 886 46 basis basis NOUN cblr-1746 886 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 886 48 sex sex NOUN cblr-1746 886 49 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 887 1 ”240 ”240 NOUN cblr-1746 887 2 this this DET cblr-1746 887 3 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 887 4 to to ADP cblr-1746 887 5 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 887 6 directs direct VERB cblr-1746 887 7 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 887 8 to to PART cblr-1746 887 9 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 887 10 the the DET cblr-1746 887 11 235 235 NUM cblr-1746 887 12 see see NOUN cblr-1746 887 13 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 887 14 - - NOUN cblr-1746 887 15 mart mart NOUN cblr-1746 887 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 887 17 564 564 NUM cblr-1746 887 18 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 887 19 . . PROPN cblr-1746 887 20 at at ADP cblr-1746 887 21 365–66 365–66 NUM cblr-1746 887 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 888 1 236 236 NUM cblr-1746 889 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 889 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 889 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 889 4 352 352 NUM cblr-1746 889 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 889 6 emphases emphasis NOUN cblr-1746 889 7 altered alter VERB cblr-1746 889 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 889 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 890 1 237 237 NUM cblr-1746 891 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 891 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 891 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 891 4 369 369 NUM cblr-1746 891 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 891 6 ginsburg ginsburg PROPN cblr-1746 891 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 891 8 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 891 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 891 10 concurring concur VERB cblr-1746 891 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 891 12 part part NOUN cblr-1746 891 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 891 14 dissenting dissent VERB cblr-1746 891 15 in in ADP cblr-1746 891 16 part part NOUN cblr-1746 891 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 891 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 891 19 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 891 20 richard richard PROPN cblr-1746 891 21 a. a. PROPN cblr-1746 891 22 nagareda nagareda PROPN cblr-1746 891 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 891 24 the the DET cblr-1746 891 25 preexistence preexistence PROPN cblr-1746 891 26 principle principle NOUN cblr-1746 891 27 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 891 28 the the DET cblr-1746 891 29 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 891 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 891 31 the the DET cblr-1746 891 32 class class NOUN cblr-1746 891 33 action action NOUN cblr-1746 891 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 891 35 103 103 NUM cblr-1746 891 36 colum colum NOUN cblr-1746 891 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 892 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 892 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 892 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 892 4 149 149 NUM cblr-1746 892 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 892 6 179 179 NUM cblr-1746 892 7 n.110 n.110 NOUN cblr-1746 892 8 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 892 9 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 892 10 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 892 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 892 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 893 1 238 238 NUM cblr-1746 893 2 i i PRON cblr-1746 893 3 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 893 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 893 5 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 893 6 a a DET cblr-1746 893 7 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 893 8 question question NOUN cblr-1746 893 9 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 893 10 is be AUX cblr-1746 893 11 ordinarily ordinarily ADV cblr-1746 893 12 understood understand VERB cblr-1746 893 13 to to PART cblr-1746 893 14 be be AUX cblr-1746 893 15 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 893 16 [ [ X cblr-1746 893 17 a a X cblr-1746 893 18 ] ] X cblr-1746 893 19 subject subject NOUN cblr-1746 893 20 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 893 21 point point NOUN cblr-1746 893 22 open open ADJ cblr-1746 893 23 to to ADP cblr-1746 893 24 controversy controversy NOUN cblr-1746 893 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 893 26 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 893 27 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 894 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 894 2 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 894 3 the the DET cblr-1746 894 4 american american ADJ cblr-1746 894 5 heritage heritage PROPN cblr-1746 894 6 dictionary dictionary NOUN cblr-1746 894 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 894 8 the the DET cblr-1746 894 9 english english ADJ cblr-1746 894 10 language language NOUN cblr-1746 894 11 1483 1483 NUM cblr-1746 894 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 894 13 3d 3d PROPN cblr-1746 894 14 ed ed NOUN cblr-1746 894 15 . . PROPN cblr-1746 894 16 1992 1992 NUM cblr-1746 894 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 894 18 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 894 19 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 894 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 895 1 239 239 NUM cblr-1746 895 2 i i PRON cblr-1746 895 3 d. d. NOUN cblr-1746 895 4 at at ADP cblr-1746 895 5 350 350 NUM cblr-1746 895 6 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 895 7 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 895 8 richard richard PROPN cblr-1746 895 9 a. a. PROPN cblr-1746 895 10 nagareda nagareda PROPN cblr-1746 895 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 895 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 895 13 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 895 14 in in ADP cblr-1746 895 15 the the DET cblr-1746 895 16 age age NOUN cblr-1746 895 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 895 18 aggregate aggregate ADJ cblr-1746 895 19 proof proof NOUN cblr-1746 895 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 895 21 84 84 NUM cblr-1746 895 22 n.y.u n.y.u NOUN cblr-1746 895 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 896 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 896 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 896 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 896 4 97 97 NUM cblr-1746 896 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 896 6 132 132 NUM cblr-1746 896 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 896 8 2009 2009 NUM cblr-1746 896 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 896 10 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 896 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 897 1 240 240 NUM cblr-1746 897 2 note note VERB cblr-1746 897 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 897 4 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 897 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 897 6 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 897 7 did do AUX cblr-1746 897 8 not not PART cblr-1746 897 9 foreclose foreclose VERB cblr-1746 897 10 this this PRON cblr-1746 897 11 as as ADP cblr-1746 897 12 a a DET cblr-1746 897 13 viable viable ADJ cblr-1746 897 14 cause cause NOUN cblr-1746 897 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 897 16 action action NOUN cblr-1746 897 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 898 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 898 2 samuel samuel PROPN cblr-1746 898 3 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 898 4 bagenstos bagenstos PROPN cblr-1746 898 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 898 6 the the DET cblr-1746 898 7 structural structural ADJ cblr-1746 898 8 turn turn NOUN cblr-1746 898 9 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 898 10 the the DET cblr-1746 898 11 limits limit NOUN cblr-1746 898 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 898 13 antidiscrimination antidiscrimination NOUN cblr-1746 898 14 law law NOUN cblr-1746 898 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 898 16 94 94 NUM cblr-1746 898 17 cal cal NOUN cblr-1746 898 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 899 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 899 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 899 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 899 4 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 899 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 899 6 26 26 NUM cblr-1746 899 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 899 8 2006 2006 NUM cblr-1746 899 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 899 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 900 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 900 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 900 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 900 4 800 800 NUM cblr-1746 900 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 900 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 900 7 law law NOUN cblr-1746 900 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 901 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 901 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 901 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 901 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 901 5 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 901 6 with with ADP cblr-1746 901 7 a a DET cblr-1746 901 8 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 901 9 hand.241 hand.241 NOUN cblr-1746 901 10 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 901 11 anything anything PRON cblr-1746 901 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 901 13 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 901 14 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 901 15 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 901 16 suggests suggest VERB cblr-1746 901 17 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 901 18 to to ADP cblr-1746 901 19 the the DET cblr-1746 901 20 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 901 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 901 22 the the DET cblr-1746 901 23 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 901 24 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 901 25 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 901 26 should should AUX cblr-1746 901 27 be be AUX cblr-1746 901 28 avoided avoid VERB cblr-1746 901 29 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 901 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 901 31 members member NOUN cblr-1746 901 32 hold hold VERB cblr-1746 901 33 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 901 34 different different ADJ cblr-1746 901 35 jobs job NOUN cblr-1746 901 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 901 37 at at ADP cblr-1746 901 38 different different ADJ cblr-1746 901 39 levels level NOUN cblr-1746 901 40 of of ADP cblr-1746 901 41 [ [ PUNCT cblr-1746 901 42 an an DET cblr-1746 901 43 employer employer NOUN cblr-1746 901 44 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 901 45 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 901 46 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN cblr-1746 901 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 901 48 for for ADP cblr-1746 901 49 variable variable ADJ cblr-1746 901 50 lengths length NOUN cblr-1746 901 51 of of ADP cblr-1746 901 52 time time NOUN cblr-1746 901 53 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 901 54 in in ADP cblr-1746 901 55 [ [ PUNCT cblr-1746 901 56 many many ADJ cblr-1746 901 57 locations location NOUN cblr-1746 901 58 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 901 59 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 901 60 sprinkled sprinkle VERB cblr-1746 901 61 across across ADP cblr-1746 901 62 50 50 NUM cblr-1746 901 63 states state NOUN cblr-1746 901 64 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 901 65 with with ADP cblr-1746 901 66 a a DET cblr-1746 901 67 kaleidoscope kaleidoscope NOUN cblr-1746 901 68 of of ADP cblr-1746 901 69 supervisors supervisor NOUN cblr-1746 901 70 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 901 71 ”242 ”242 VERB cblr-1746 902 1 this this DET cblr-1746 902 2 quasi quasi ADJ cblr-1746 902 3 - - ADJ cblr-1746 902 4 uniformity uniformity ADJ cblr-1746 902 5 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 902 6 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 902 7 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 902 8 with with ADP cblr-1746 902 9 a a DET cblr-1746 902 10 ready ready ADJ cblr-1746 902 11 tool tool NOUN cblr-1746 902 12 for for ADP cblr-1746 902 13 constraining constrain VERB cblr-1746 902 14 the the DET cblr-1746 902 15 size size NOUN cblr-1746 902 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 902 17 putative putative ADJ cblr-1746 902 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 902 19 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 902 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 903 1 the the DET cblr-1746 903 2 court court NOUN cblr-1746 903 3 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 903 4 interpretation interpretation NOUN cblr-1746 903 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 903 6 the the DET cblr-1746 903 7 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 903 8 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 903 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 903 10 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 903 11 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 903 12 mirrors mirror NOUN cblr-1746 903 13 this this DET cblr-1746 903 14 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 903 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 904 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 904 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 904 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 904 4 in in ADP cblr-1746 904 5 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 904 6 the the DET cblr-1746 904 7 court court NOUN cblr-1746 904 8 reviewed review VERB cblr-1746 904 9 a a DET cblr-1746 904 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 904 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 904 12 more more ADJ cblr-1746 904 13 than than ADP cblr-1746 904 14 two two NUM cblr-1746 904 15 million million NUM cblr-1746 904 16 cable cable NOUN cblr-1746 904 17 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 904 18 television television NOUN cblr-1746 904 19 subscribers subscriber NOUN cblr-1746 904 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 904 21 alleging allege VERB cblr-1746 904 22 various various ADJ cblr-1746 904 23 violations violation NOUN cblr-1746 904 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 904 25 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 904 26 law law NOUN cblr-1746 904 27 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 904 28 sought seek VERB cblr-1746 904 29 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 904 30 as as ADP cblr-1746 904 31 a a DET cblr-1746 904 32 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 904 33 class class NOUN cblr-1746 904 34 pursuant pursuant ADJ cblr-1746 904 35 to to PART cblr-1746 904 36 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 904 37 23(b)(3).243 23(b)(3).243 NUM cblr-1746 904 38 class class NOUN cblr-1746 904 39 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 904 40 presented present VERB cblr-1746 904 41 the the DET cblr-1746 904 42 lower low ADJ cblr-1746 904 43 court court NOUN cblr-1746 904 44 with with ADP cblr-1746 904 45 an an DET cblr-1746 904 46 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 904 47 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 904 48 model model NOUN cblr-1746 904 49 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 904 50 an an DET cblr-1746 904 51 econometric econometric ADJ cblr-1746 904 52 study study NOUN cblr-1746 904 53 that that PRON cblr-1746 904 54 claimed claim VERB cblr-1746 904 55 to to PART cblr-1746 904 56 demonstrate demonstrate VERB cblr-1746 904 57 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 904 58 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 904 59 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 904 60 an an DET cblr-1746 904 61 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 904 62 injury injury NOUN cblr-1746 904 63 occurred244 occurred244 PROPN cblr-1746 904 64 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 904 65 illustrating illustrate VERB cblr-1746 904 66 four four NUM cblr-1746 904 67 distinct distinct ADJ cblr-1746 904 68 ways way NOUN cblr-1746 904 69 that that PRON cblr-1746 904 70 the the DET cblr-1746 904 71 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 904 72 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 904 73 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 904 74 had have AUX cblr-1746 904 75 allegedly allegedly ADV cblr-1746 904 76 injured injure VERB cblr-1746 904 77 the the DET cblr-1746 904 78 class class NOUN cblr-1746 904 79 members member NOUN cblr-1746 904 80 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 905 1 each each DET cblr-1746 905 2 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 905 3 of of ADP cblr-1746 905 4 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 905 5 injury injury NOUN cblr-1746 905 6 was be AUX cblr-1746 905 7 an an DET cblr-1746 905 8 outgrowth outgrowth NOUN cblr-1746 905 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 905 10 a a DET cblr-1746 905 11 single single ADJ cblr-1746 905 12 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 905 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 905 14 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 905 15 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 905 16 the the DET cblr-1746 905 17 241 241 NUM cblr-1746 905 18 see see VERB cblr-1746 905 19 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 905 20 - - NOUN cblr-1746 905 21 mart mart NOUN cblr-1746 905 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 905 23 564 564 NUM cblr-1746 905 24 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 905 25 . . PROPN cblr-1746 905 26 at at ADP cblr-1746 905 27 357 357 NUM cblr-1746 905 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 905 29 holding hold VERB cblr-1746 905 30 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 905 31 the the DET cblr-1746 905 32 putative putative ADJ cblr-1746 905 33 class class NOUN cblr-1746 905 34 had have AUX cblr-1746 905 35 failed fail VERB cblr-1746 905 36 to to PART cblr-1746 905 37 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 905 38 establish establish VERB cblr-1746 905 39 the the DET cblr-1746 905 40 uniform uniform NOUN cblr-1746 905 41 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 905 42 store store NOUN cblr-1746 905 43 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 905 44 by by ADP cblr-1746 905 45 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 905 46 store store NOUN cblr-1746 905 47 disparity disparity NOUN cblr-1746 905 48 upon upon SCONJ cblr-1746 905 49 which which PRON cblr-1746 905 50 the the DET cblr-1746 905 51 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 905 52 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 905 53 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 905 54 of of ADP cblr-1746 905 55 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 905 56 depends depend VERB cblr-1746 905 57 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 905 58 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 905 59 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 906 1 at at ADV cblr-1746 906 2 least least ADV cblr-1746 906 3 one one NUM cblr-1746 906 4 commentator commentator NOUN cblr-1746 906 5 has have AUX cblr-1746 906 6 remarked remark VERB cblr-1746 906 7 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 906 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 906 9 after after ADP cblr-1746 906 10 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 906 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 906 12 mart mart NOUN cblr-1746 906 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 906 14 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 906 15 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 906 16 conducting conduct VERB cblr-1746 906 17 the the DET cblr-1746 906 18 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 906 19 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 906 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 906 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 906 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 907 1 have have AUX cblr-1746 907 2 focused focus VERB cblr-1746 907 3 on on ADP cblr-1746 907 4 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 907 5 the the DET cblr-1746 907 6 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 907 7 engaged engage VERB cblr-1746 907 8 in in ADP cblr-1746 907 9 uniform uniform ADJ cblr-1746 907 10 conduct conduct NOUN cblr-1746 907 11 that that PRON cblr-1746 907 12 had have VERB cblr-1746 907 13 a a DET cblr-1746 907 14 substantially substantially ADV cblr-1746 907 15 similar similar ADJ cblr-1746 907 16 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 907 17 on on ADP cblr-1746 907 18 all all DET cblr-1746 907 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 907 20 members member NOUN cblr-1746 907 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 907 22 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 908 1 anthony anthony PROPN cblr-1746 908 2 f. f. PROPN cblr-1746 908 3 fata fata PROPN cblr-1746 908 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 908 5 doomsday doomsday NOUN cblr-1746 908 6 delayed delay VERB cblr-1746 908 7 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 908 8 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 908 9 the the DET cblr-1746 908 10 court court NOUN cblr-1746 908 11 's 's PART cblr-1746 908 12 party party NOUN cblr-1746 908 13 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 908 14 neutral neutral ADJ cblr-1746 908 15 clarification clarification NOUN cblr-1746 908 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 908 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 908 18 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 908 19 standards standard NOUN cblr-1746 908 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 908 21 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 908 22 - - PROPN cblr-1746 908 23 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 908 24 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 908 25 dukes duke NOUN cblr-1746 908 26 actually actually ADV cblr-1746 908 27 helps help VERB cblr-1746 908 28 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 908 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 908 30 62 62 NUM cblr-1746 908 31 depaul depaul PROPN cblr-1746 908 32 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 908 33 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 908 34 . . PROPN cblr-1746 908 35 675 675 NUM cblr-1746 908 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 908 37 687 687 NUM cblr-1746 908 38 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 908 39 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 908 40 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 908 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 909 1 242 242 NUM cblr-1746 909 2 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 909 3 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 909 4 mart mart NOUN cblr-1746 909 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 909 6 564 564 NUM cblr-1746 909 7 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 909 8 . . PROPN cblr-1746 909 9 at at ADP cblr-1746 909 10 359–60 359–60 PROPN cblr-1746 909 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 909 12 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 909 13 dukes duke NOUN cblr-1746 909 14 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 909 15 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 909 16 - - PROPN cblr-1746 909 17 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 909 18 stores stores PROPN cblr-1746 909 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 909 20 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 909 21 . . PROPN cblr-1746 909 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 909 23 603 603 NUM cblr-1746 909 24 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 909 25 571 571 NUM cblr-1746 909 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 909 27 652 652 NUM cblr-1746 909 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 909 29 9th 9th ADJ cblr-1746 909 30 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 909 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 909 32 2010 2010 NUM cblr-1746 909 33 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 909 34 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 909 35 kozinski kozinski PROPN cblr-1746 909 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 909 37 c.j c.j PROPN cblr-1746 909 38 . . PROPN cblr-1746 909 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 909 40 dissenting dissent VERB cblr-1746 909 41 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 909 42 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 909 43 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 910 1 243 243 NUM cblr-1746 910 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 910 3 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 910 4 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 910 5 . . PROPN cblr-1746 911 1 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 911 2 behrend behrend NOUN cblr-1746 911 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 911 4 133 133 NUM cblr-1746 911 5 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 911 6 ct ct PROPN cblr-1746 911 7 . . PROPN cblr-1746 911 8 1426 1426 NUM cblr-1746 911 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 911 10 1429–30 1429–30 NUM cblr-1746 911 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 911 12 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 911 13 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 911 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 912 1 244 244 NUM cblr-1746 912 2 for for ADP cblr-1746 912 3 a a DET cblr-1746 912 4 general general ADJ cblr-1746 912 5 explanation explanation NOUN cblr-1746 912 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 912 7 the the DET cblr-1746 912 8 importance importance NOUN cblr-1746 912 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 912 10 these these DET cblr-1746 912 11 econometric econometric ADJ cblr-1746 912 12 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 912 13 models model NOUN cblr-1746 912 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 912 15 see see VERB cblr-1746 912 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 912 17 re re NOUN cblr-1746 912 18 linerboard linerboard NOUN cblr-1746 912 19 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 912 20 litig litig NOUN cblr-1746 912 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 913 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 913 2 305 305 NUM cblr-1746 913 3 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 913 4 145 145 NUM cblr-1746 913 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 913 6 153–55 153–55 NUM cblr-1746 913 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 913 8 3d 3d PROPN cblr-1746 913 9 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 913 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 913 11 2002 2002 NUM cblr-1746 913 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 913 13 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 913 14 see see VERB cblr-1746 913 15 also also ADV cblr-1746 913 16 ronald ronald PROPN cblr-1746 913 17 w. w. PROPN cblr-1746 913 18 davis davis PROPN cblr-1746 913 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 913 20 standing stand VERB cblr-1746 913 21 on on ADP cblr-1746 913 22 shaky shaky ADJ cblr-1746 913 23 ground ground NOUN cblr-1746 913 24 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 913 25 the the DET cblr-1746 913 26 strangely strangely ADV cblr-1746 913 27 elusive elusive ADJ cblr-1746 913 28 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 913 29 of of ADP cblr-1746 913 30 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 913 31 injury injury NOUN cblr-1746 913 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 913 33 70 70 NUM cblr-1746 913 34 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 913 35 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 913 36 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 913 37 697 697 PROPN cblr-1746 913 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 913 39 744 744 NUM cblr-1746 913 40 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 913 41 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 913 42 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 913 43 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 913 44 stating state VERB cblr-1746 913 45 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 913 46 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 913 47 models model NOUN cblr-1746 913 48 demonstrate demonstrate VERB cblr-1746 913 49 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 913 50 the the DET cblr-1746 913 51 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 913 52 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 913 53 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 913 54 were be AUX cblr-1746 913 55 the the DET cblr-1746 913 56 result result NOUN cblr-1746 913 57 of of ADP cblr-1746 913 58 an an DET cblr-1746 913 59 injury injury NOUN cblr-1746 913 60 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 913 61 intended intend VERB cblr-1746 913 62 to to PART cblr-1746 913 63 be be AUX cblr-1746 913 64 prevented prevent VERB cblr-1746 913 65 by by ADP cblr-1746 913 66 the the DET cblr-1746 913 67 statute statute NOUN cblr-1746 913 68 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 913 69 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 913 70 the the DET cblr-1746 913 71 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 913 72 has have AUX cblr-1746 913 73 invoked invoke VERB cblr-1746 913 74 to to PART cblr-1746 913 75 establish establish VERB cblr-1746 913 76 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 913 77 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 913 78 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 913 79 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 914 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 914 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 914 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 914 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 914 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 915 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 915 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 915 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 915 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 915 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 915 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 915 7 801 801 NUM cblr-1746 915 8 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 915 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 915 10 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 915 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 915 12 injured injure VERB cblr-1746 915 13 customers customer NOUN cblr-1746 915 14 by by ADP cblr-1746 915 15 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 915 16 clustering cluster VERB cblr-1746 915 17 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 915 18 its its PRON cblr-1746 915 19 cable cable NOUN cblr-1746 915 20 assets asset NOUN cblr-1746 915 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 915 22 concentrating concentrate VERB cblr-1746 915 23 a a DET cblr-1746 915 24 regional regional ADJ cblr-1746 915 25 base base NOUN cblr-1746 915 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 915 27 consumer consumer NOUN cblr-1746 915 28 operations operation NOUN cblr-1746 915 29 to to PART cblr-1746 915 30 exclude exclude VERB cblr-1746 915 31 competitors.245 competitors.245 PROPN cblr-1746 915 32 on on ADP cblr-1746 915 33 appeal appeal NOUN cblr-1746 915 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 915 35 the the DET cblr-1746 915 36 supreme supreme PROPN cblr-1746 915 37 court court PROPN cblr-1746 915 38 trained train VERB cblr-1746 915 39 its its PRON cblr-1746 915 40 sights sight NOUN cblr-1746 915 41 on on ADP cblr-1746 915 42 the the DET cblr-1746 915 43 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 915 44 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 915 45 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 915 46 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 915 47 requirement.246 requirement.246 NOUN cblr-1746 915 48 for for ADP cblr-1746 915 49 the the DET cblr-1746 915 50 majority majority NOUN cblr-1746 915 51 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 915 52 the the DET cblr-1746 915 53 presence presence NOUN cblr-1746 915 54 of of ADP cblr-1746 915 55 multiple multiple ADJ cblr-1746 915 56 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 915 57 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 915 58 injury injury NOUN cblr-1746 915 59 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 915 60 was be AUX cblr-1746 915 61 troubling troubling ADJ cblr-1746 915 62 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 916 1 even even ADV cblr-1746 916 2 though though SCONJ cblr-1746 916 3 each each DET cblr-1746 916 4 member member NOUN cblr-1746 916 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 916 6 the the DET cblr-1746 916 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 916 8 presented present VERB cblr-1746 916 9 an an DET cblr-1746 916 10 identical identical ADJ cblr-1746 916 11 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 916 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 916 13 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 916 14 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 916 15 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 916 16 clustering clustering NOUN cblr-1746 916 17 violates violate VERB cblr-1746 916 18 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 916 19 law law NOUN cblr-1746 916 20 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 916 21 members member NOUN cblr-1746 916 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 916 23 the the DET cblr-1746 916 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 916 25 may may AUX cblr-1746 916 26 have have AUX cblr-1746 916 27 been be AUX cblr-1746 916 28 injured injure VERB cblr-1746 916 29 by by ADP cblr-1746 916 30 the the DET cblr-1746 916 31 same same ADJ cblr-1746 916 32 activity activity NOUN cblr-1746 916 33 in in ADP cblr-1746 916 34 one one NUM cblr-1746 916 35 of of ADP cblr-1746 916 36 four four NUM cblr-1746 916 37 distinct distinct ADJ cblr-1746 916 38 ways.247 ways.247 PROPN cblr-1746 916 39 therefore therefore ADV cblr-1746 916 40 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 916 41 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 916 42 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 916 43 predominated.248 predominated.248 VERB cblr-1746 916 44 the the DET cblr-1746 916 45 dissent dissent NOUN cblr-1746 916 46 took take VERB cblr-1746 916 47 issue issue NOUN cblr-1746 916 48 with with ADP cblr-1746 916 49 the the DET cblr-1746 916 50 majority majority NOUN cblr-1746 916 51 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 916 52 application application NOUN cblr-1746 916 53 of of ADP cblr-1746 916 54 the the DET cblr-1746 916 55 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 916 56 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 916 57 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 916 58 pointing point VERB cblr-1746 916 59 out out ADP cblr-1746 916 60 the the DET cblr-1746 916 61 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 916 62 well well ADV cblr-1746 916 63 nigh nigh ADV cblr-1746 916 64 universal universal ADJ cblr-1746 916 65 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 916 66 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 916 67 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 916 68 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 916 69 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 916 70 are be AUX cblr-1746 916 71 no no ADV cblr-1746 916 72 more more ADJ cblr-1746 916 73 than than ADP cblr-1746 916 74 one one NUM cblr-1746 916 75 non non ADJ cblr-1746 916 76 - - ADJ cblr-1746 916 77 dispositive dispositive ADJ cblr-1746 916 78 factor factor NOUN cblr-1746 916 79 among among ADP cblr-1746 916 80 many many ADJ cblr-1746 916 81 in in ADP cblr-1746 916 82 the the DET cblr-1746 916 83 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 916 84 inquiry.249 inquiry.249 NOUN cblr-1746 916 85 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 916 86 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 916 87 prior prior ADV cblr-1746 916 88 to to ADP cblr-1746 916 89 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 916 90 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 916 91 rarely rarely ADV cblr-1746 916 92 concerned concern VERB cblr-1746 916 93 themselves themselves PRON cblr-1746 916 94 with with ADP cblr-1746 916 95 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 916 96 damages,250 damages,250 NUM cblr-1746 916 97 245 245 NUM cblr-1746 916 98 see see NOUN cblr-1746 916 99 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 916 100 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 916 101 133 133 NUM cblr-1746 916 102 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 916 103 ct ct PROPN cblr-1746 916 104 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 917 1 at at ADP cblr-1746 917 2 1430–31 1430–31 NUM cblr-1746 917 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 918 1 246 246 NUM cblr-1746 918 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 918 3 i i PRON cblr-1746 918 4 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 918 5 at at ADP cblr-1746 918 6 1432–33 1432–33 PROPN cblr-1746 918 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 919 1 note note VERB cblr-1746 919 2 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 919 3 the the DET cblr-1746 919 4 court court NOUN cblr-1746 919 5 quickly quickly ADV cblr-1746 919 6 dispensed dispense VERB cblr-1746 919 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 919 8 the the DET cblr-1746 919 9 question question NOUN cblr-1746 919 10 on on ADP cblr-1746 919 11 which which PRON cblr-1746 919 12 certiorari certiorari NOUN cblr-1746 919 13 was be AUX cblr-1746 919 14 granted grant VERB cblr-1746 919 15 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 919 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 919 17 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 919 18 a a DET cblr-1746 919 19 district district NOUN cblr-1746 919 20 court court NOUN cblr-1746 919 21 may may AUX cblr-1746 919 22 certify certify VERB cblr-1746 919 23 a a DET cblr-1746 919 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 919 25 action action NOUN cblr-1746 919 26 without without ADP cblr-1746 919 27 resolving resolve VERB cblr-1746 919 28 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 919 29 the the DET cblr-1746 919 30 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 919 31 class class NOUN cblr-1746 919 32 has have AUX cblr-1746 919 33 introduced introduce VERB cblr-1746 919 34 admissible admissible ADJ cblr-1746 919 35 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 919 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 919 37 including include VERB cblr-1746 919 38 expert expert NOUN cblr-1746 919 39 testimony testimony NOUN cblr-1746 919 40 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 919 41 to to PART cblr-1746 919 42 show show VERB cblr-1746 919 43 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 919 44 the the DET cblr-1746 919 45 case case NOUN cblr-1746 919 46 is be AUX cblr-1746 919 47 susceptible susceptible ADJ cblr-1746 919 48 to to ADP cblr-1746 919 49 awarding award VERB cblr-1746 919 50 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 919 51 on on ADP cblr-1746 919 52 a a DET cblr-1746 919 53 class class NOUN cblr-1746 919 54 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 919 55 wide wide ADJ cblr-1746 919 56 basis basis NOUN cblr-1746 919 57 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 919 58 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 920 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 920 2 d. d. VERB cblr-1746 920 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 920 4 1431 1431 NUM cblr-1746 920 5 n.4 n.4 NOUN cblr-1746 920 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 921 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 921 2 did do VERB cblr-1746 921 3 so so ADV cblr-1746 921 4 by by ADP cblr-1746 921 5 relying rely VERB cblr-1746 921 6 on on ADP cblr-1746 921 7 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 921 8 - - PROPN cblr-1746 921 9 mart mart NOUN cblr-1746 921 10 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 921 11 noting note VERB cblr-1746 921 12 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 921 13 consideration consideration NOUN cblr-1746 921 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 921 15 the the DET cblr-1746 921 16 merits merit NOUN cblr-1746 921 17 at at ADP cblr-1746 921 18 the the DET cblr-1746 921 19 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 921 20 stage stage NOUN cblr-1746 921 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 921 22 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 921 23 necessary necessary ADJ cblr-1746 921 24 to to PART cblr-1746 921 25 pass pass VERB cblr-1746 921 26 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 921 27 on on ADP cblr-1746 921 28 the the DET cblr-1746 921 29 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 921 30 inquiry inquiry NOUN cblr-1746 921 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 921 32 is be AUX cblr-1746 921 33 well well ADV cblr-1746 921 34 established establish VERB cblr-1746 921 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 922 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 922 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 922 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 922 4 1433 1433 NUM cblr-1746 922 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 922 6 citing cite VERB cblr-1746 922 7 walmart walmart PROPN cblr-1746 922 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 922 9 564 564 NUM cblr-1746 922 10 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 922 11 . . PROPN cblr-1746 922 12 at at ADP cblr-1746 922 13 349–50 349–50 NUM cblr-1746 922 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 922 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 923 1 247 247 NUM cblr-1746 923 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 923 3 i i PRON cblr-1746 923 4 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 923 5 at at ADP cblr-1746 923 6 1434 1434 NUM cblr-1746 923 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 923 8 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 923 9 for for ADP cblr-1746 923 10 all all PRON cblr-1746 923 11 we we PRON cblr-1746 923 12 know know VERB cblr-1746 923 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 923 14 cable cable NOUN cblr-1746 923 15 subscribers subscriber NOUN cblr-1746 923 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 923 17 gloucester gloucester PROPN cblr-1746 923 18 county county NOUN cblr-1746 923 19 may may AUX cblr-1746 923 20 have have AUX cblr-1746 923 21 been be AUX cblr-1746 923 22 overcharged overcharge VERB cblr-1746 923 23 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 923 24 of of ADP cblr-1746 923 25 petitioners petitioner NOUN cblr-1746 923 26 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 923 27 alleged alleged ADJ cblr-1746 923 28 elimination elimination NOUN cblr-1746 923 29 of of ADP cblr-1746 923 30 satellite satellite NOUN cblr-1746 923 31 competition competition NOUN cblr-1746 923 32 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 923 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 923 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 924 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 924 2 subscribers subscriber NOUN cblr-1746 924 3 in in ADP cblr-1746 924 4 camden camden PROPN cblr-1746 924 5 county county PROPN cblr-1746 924 6 may may AUX cblr-1746 924 7 have have AUX cblr-1746 924 8 paid pay VERB cblr-1746 924 9 elevated elevated ADJ cblr-1746 924 10 prices price NOUN cblr-1746 924 11 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 924 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 924 13 petitioners petitioner NOUN cblr-1746 924 14 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 924 15 increased increase VERB cblr-1746 924 16 bargaining bargaining NOUN cblr-1746 924 17 power power NOUN cblr-1746 924 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 924 19 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 924 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 924 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 925 1 248 248 NUM cblr-1746 925 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 925 3 i i PRON cblr-1746 925 4 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 925 5 at at ADP cblr-1746 925 6 1434–35 1434–35 PROPN cblr-1746 925 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 926 1 249 249 NUM cblr-1746 927 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 927 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 927 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 927 4 1437 1437 NUM cblr-1746 927 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 927 6 ginsburg ginsburg NOUN cblr-1746 927 7 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 927 8 breyer breyer NOUN cblr-1746 927 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 927 10 jj jj PROPN cblr-1746 927 11 . . PROPN cblr-1746 927 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 927 13 dissenting dissent VERB cblr-1746 927 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 927 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 928 1 250 250 NUM cblr-1746 928 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 928 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 928 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 928 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 928 6 in in ADP cblr-1746 928 7 re re ADP cblr-1746 928 8 new new ADJ cblr-1746 928 9 motor motor NOUN cblr-1746 928 10 vehicles vehicle NOUN cblr-1746 928 11 canadian canadian ADJ cblr-1746 928 12 exp exp NOUN cblr-1746 928 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 928 14 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 928 15 litig litig NOUN cblr-1746 928 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 928 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 928 18 522 522 NUM cblr-1746 928 19 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 928 20 6 6 NUM cblr-1746 928 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 928 22 28 28 NUM cblr-1746 928 23 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 928 24 1st 1st ADJ cblr-1746 928 25 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 928 26 . . PROPN cblr-1746 928 27 2008 2008 NUM cblr-1746 928 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 928 29 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 928 30 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 928 31 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 928 32 is be AUX cblr-1746 928 33 not not PART cblr-1746 928 34 defeated defeat VERB cblr-1746 928 35 by by ADP cblr-1746 928 36 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 928 37 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 928 38 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 928 39 as as ADV cblr-1746 928 40 long long ADV cblr-1746 928 41 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 928 42 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 928 43 is be AUX cblr-1746 928 44 still still ADV cblr-1746 928 45 subject subject ADJ cblr-1746 928 46 to to ADP cblr-1746 928 47 common common ADJ cblr-1746 928 48 proof proof NOUN cblr-1746 928 49 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 928 50 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 928 51 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 928 52 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 928 53 arreola arreola PROPN cblr-1746 928 54 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 928 55 godinez godinez PROPN cblr-1746 928 56 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 928 57 546 546 NUM cblr-1746 928 58 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 928 59 788 788 NUM cblr-1746 928 60 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 928 61 801 801 NUM cblr-1746 928 62 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 928 63 7th 7th ADJ cblr-1746 928 64 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 928 65 . . PROPN cblr-1746 928 66 2008 2008 NUM cblr-1746 928 67 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 928 68 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 928 69 stating state VERB cblr-1746 928 70 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 928 71 the the DET cblr-1746 928 72 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 928 73 need need NOUN cblr-1746 928 74 for for ADP cblr-1746 928 75 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 928 76 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 928 77 determinations determination NOUN cblr-1746 928 78 does do VERB cblr-1746 928 79 not not PART cblr-1746 928 80 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 928 81 in in ADP cblr-1746 928 82 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 928 83 of of ADP cblr-1746 928 84 itself itself PRON cblr-1746 928 85 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 928 86 require require VERB cblr-1746 928 87 denial denial NOUN cblr-1746 928 88 of of ADP cblr-1746 928 89 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 928 90 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 928 91 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 929 1 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 929 2 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 929 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 929 4 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 930 1 thorogood thorogood ADJ cblr-1746 930 2 v. v. CCONJ cblr-1746 930 3 sears sears PROPN cblr-1746 930 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 930 5 roebuck roebuck PROPN cblr-1746 930 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 930 7 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 930 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 930 9 547 547 NUM cblr-1746 930 10 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 930 11 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 930 12 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 930 13 final final ADJ cblr-1746 930 14 802 802 NUM cblr-1746 930 15 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 930 16 business business NOUN cblr-1746 930 17 law law PROPN cblr-1746 930 18 review review NOUN cblr-1746 930 19 [ [ X cblr-1746 930 20 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 930 21 . . NOUN cblr-1746 930 22 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 930 23 almost almost ADV cblr-1746 930 24 universally universally ADV cblr-1746 930 25 certifying certify VERB cblr-1746 930 26 class class NOUN cblr-1746 930 27 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 930 28 that that PRON cblr-1746 930 29 presented present VERB cblr-1746 930 30 common common ADJ cblr-1746 930 31 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 930 32 of of ADP cblr-1746 930 33 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 930 34 coupled couple VERB cblr-1746 930 35 with with ADP cblr-1746 930 36 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 930 37 damages.251 damages.251 PROPN cblr-1746 930 38 like like ADP cblr-1746 930 39 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 930 40 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 930 41 mart mart NOUN cblr-1746 930 42 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 930 43 this this DET cblr-1746 930 44 dispute dispute NOUN cblr-1746 930 45 can can AUX cblr-1746 930 46 be be AUX cblr-1746 930 47 viewed view VERB cblr-1746 930 48 as as ADP cblr-1746 930 49 one one NUM cblr-1746 930 50 over over ADP cblr-1746 930 51 the the DET cblr-1746 930 52 amount amount NOUN cblr-1746 930 53 of of ADP cblr-1746 930 54 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 930 55 that that PRON cblr-1746 930 56 should should AUX cblr-1746 930 57 be be AUX cblr-1746 930 58 accorded accord VERB cblr-1746 930 59 to to ADP cblr-1746 930 60 class class NOUN cblr-1746 930 61 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 930 62 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 930 63 reviewing review VERB cblr-1746 930 64 the the DET cblr-1746 930 65 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 930 66 of of ADP cblr-1746 930 67 a a DET cblr-1746 930 68 class class NOUN cblr-1746 930 69 action action NOUN cblr-1746 930 70 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 931 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 931 2 the the DET cblr-1746 931 3 dissent dissent NOUN cblr-1746 931 4 would would AUX cblr-1746 931 5 have have AUX cblr-1746 931 6 adhered adhere VERB cblr-1746 931 7 to to ADP cblr-1746 931 8 the the DET cblr-1746 931 9 old old ADJ cblr-1746 931 10 regime regime NOUN cblr-1746 931 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 931 12 which which PRON cblr-1746 931 13 permitted permit VERB cblr-1746 931 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 931 15 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 931 16 to to PART cblr-1746 931 17 litigate litigate VERB cblr-1746 931 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 931 19 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 931 20 wide wide ADJ cblr-1746 931 21 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 931 22 at at ADP cblr-1746 931 23 step step NOUN cblr-1746 931 24 one one NUM cblr-1746 931 25 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 931 26 then then ADV cblr-1746 931 27 choose choose VERB cblr-1746 931 28 to to PART cblr-1746 931 29 absorb absorb VERB cblr-1746 931 30 the the DET cblr-1746 931 31 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 931 32 of of ADP cblr-1746 931 33 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 931 34 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 931 35 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 931 36 at at ADP cblr-1746 931 37 step step NOUN cblr-1746 931 38 two,252 two,252 PROPN cblr-1746 931 39 the the DET cblr-1746 931 40 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 931 41 majority majority NOUN cblr-1746 931 42 hampered hamper VERB cblr-1746 931 43 the the DET cblr-1746 931 44 ability ability NOUN cblr-1746 931 45 of of ADP cblr-1746 931 46 class class NOUN cblr-1746 931 47 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 931 48 to to AUX cblr-1746 931 49 self self NOUN cblr-1746 931 50 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 931 51 regulate regulate NOUN cblr-1746 931 52 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 932 1 some some DET cblr-1746 932 2 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 932 3 now now ADV cblr-1746 932 4 decline decline VERB cblr-1746 932 5 to to PART cblr-1746 932 6 certify certify VERB cblr-1746 932 7 putative putative ADJ cblr-1746 932 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 932 9 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 932 10 that that PRON cblr-1746 932 11 risk risk VERB cblr-1746 932 12 de de X cblr-1746 932 13 minimis minimis NOUN cblr-1746 932 14 742 742 NUM cblr-1746 932 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 932 16 748 748 NUM cblr-1746 932 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 932 18 7th 7th ADJ cblr-1746 932 19 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 932 20 . . PROPN cblr-1746 932 21 2008 2008 NUM cblr-1746 932 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 932 23 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 932 24 chiang chiang PROPN cblr-1746 932 25 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 932 26 veneman veneman PROPN cblr-1746 932 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 932 28 385 385 NUM cblr-1746 932 29 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 932 30 256 256 NUM cblr-1746 932 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 932 32 273 273 NUM cblr-1746 932 33 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 932 34 3d 3d NUM cblr-1746 932 35 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 932 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 932 37 2004 2004 NUM cblr-1746 932 38 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 932 39 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 932 40 stating state VERB cblr-1746 932 41 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 932 42 it it PRON cblr-1746 932 43 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 932 44 has have AUX cblr-1746 932 45 been be AUX cblr-1746 932 46 commonly commonly ADV cblr-1746 932 47 recognized recognize VERB cblr-1746 932 48 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 932 49 the the DET cblr-1746 932 50 necessity necessity NOUN cblr-1746 932 51 for for ADP cblr-1746 932 52 calculation calculation NOUN cblr-1746 932 53 of of ADP cblr-1746 932 54 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 932 55 on on ADP cblr-1746 932 56 an an DET cblr-1746 932 57 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 932 58 basis basis NOUN cblr-1746 932 59 should should AUX cblr-1746 932 60 not not PART cblr-1746 932 61 preclude preclude VERB cblr-1746 932 62 class class NOUN cblr-1746 932 63 determination determination NOUN cblr-1746 932 64 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 932 65 the the DET cblr-1746 932 66 common common ADJ cblr-1746 932 67 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 932 68 which which PRON cblr-1746 932 69 determine determine VERB cblr-1746 932 70 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 932 71 predominate predominate ADJ cblr-1746 932 72 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 932 73 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 932 74 citing cite VERB cblr-1746 932 75 bogosian bogosian PROPN cblr-1746 932 76 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 932 77 gulf gulf PROPN cblr-1746 932 78 oil oil PROPN cblr-1746 932 79 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 932 80 . . PROPN cblr-1746 932 81 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 932 82 561 561 NUM cblr-1746 932 83 f.2d f.2d NOUN cblr-1746 932 84 434 434 NUM cblr-1746 932 85 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 932 86 456 456 NUM cblr-1746 932 87 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 932 88 3d 3d PROPN cblr-1746 932 89 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 932 90 . . PROPN cblr-1746 932 91 1977 1977 NUM cblr-1746 932 92 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 932 93 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 932 94 see see VERB cblr-1746 932 95 also also ADV cblr-1746 932 96 rubenstein rubenstein PROPN cblr-1746 932 97 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 932 98 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 932 99 note note PROPN cblr-1746 932 100 156 156 NUM cblr-1746 932 101 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 932 102 § § PROPN cblr-1746 932 103 4:54 4:54 NUM cblr-1746 932 104 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 932 105 citing cite VERB cblr-1746 932 106 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 932 107 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 933 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 933 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 933 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 934 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 934 2 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 935 1 advisory advisory ADJ cblr-1746 935 2 committee committee NOUN cblr-1746 935 3 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 935 4 note note NOUN cblr-1746 935 5 to to ADP cblr-1746 935 6 1966 1966 NUM cblr-1746 935 7 amendment amendment NOUN cblr-1746 935 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 935 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 936 1 251 251 NUM cblr-1746 936 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 936 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 936 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 6 beattie beattie PROPN cblr-1746 936 7 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 936 8 centurytel centurytel PROPN cblr-1746 936 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 10 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 936 11 . . PROPN cblr-1746 936 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 13 511 511 NUM cblr-1746 936 14 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 936 15 554 554 NUM cblr-1746 936 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 17 564 564 NUM cblr-1746 936 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 936 19 6th 6th ADJ cblr-1746 936 20 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 936 21 . . PROPN cblr-1746 936 22 2007 2007 NUM cblr-1746 936 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 936 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 936 25 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 936 26 in in ADP cblr-1746 936 27 re re PROPN cblr-1746 936 28 visa visa NOUN cblr-1746 936 29 check check PROPN cblr-1746 936 30 / / SYM cblr-1746 936 31 mastermoney mastermoney ADJ cblr-1746 936 32 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 936 33 litig litig NOUN cblr-1746 936 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 936 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 36 280 280 NUM cblr-1746 936 37 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 936 38 124 124 NUM cblr-1746 936 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 40 139 139 NUM cblr-1746 936 41 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 936 42 2d 2d NUM cblr-1746 936 43 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 936 44 . . PROPN cblr-1746 936 45 2001 2001 NUM cblr-1746 936 46 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 936 47 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 936 48 holding hold VERB cblr-1746 936 49 that that DET cblr-1746 936 50 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 936 51 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 936 52 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 936 53 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 936 54 is be AUX cblr-1746 936 55 satisfied satisfied ADJ cblr-1746 936 56 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 936 57 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 936 58 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 936 59 can can AUX cblr-1746 936 60 be be AUX cblr-1746 936 61 determined determine VERB cblr-1746 936 62 on on ADP cblr-1746 936 63 a a DET cblr-1746 936 64 class class NOUN cblr-1746 936 65 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 936 66 wide wide ADJ cblr-1746 936 67 basis basis NOUN cblr-1746 936 68 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 69 even even ADV cblr-1746 936 70 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 936 71 there there PRON cblr-1746 936 72 are be VERB cblr-1746 936 73 some some DET cblr-1746 936 74 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 936 75 damage damage NOUN cblr-1746 936 76 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 936 77 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 936 78 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 936 79 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 936 80 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 936 81 klay klay PROPN cblr-1746 936 82 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 936 83 humana humana PROPN cblr-1746 936 84 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 85 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 936 86 . . PROPN cblr-1746 936 87 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 88 382 382 NUM cblr-1746 936 89 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 936 90 1241 1241 NUM cblr-1746 936 91 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 92 1260 1260 NUM cblr-1746 936 93 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 936 94 11th 11th ADJ cblr-1746 936 95 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 936 96 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 936 97 2004 2004 NUM cblr-1746 936 98 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 936 99 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 936 100 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 936 101 it it PRON cblr-1746 936 102 is be AUX cblr-1746 936 103 primarily primarily ADV cblr-1746 936 104 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 936 105 there there PRON cblr-1746 936 106 are be VERB cblr-1746 936 107 significant significant ADJ cblr-1746 936 108 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 936 109 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 936 110 going go VERB cblr-1746 936 111 to to ADP cblr-1746 936 112 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 936 113 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 936 114 the the DET cblr-1746 936 115 need need NOUN cblr-1746 936 116 for for ADP cblr-1746 936 117 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 936 118 assessments assessment NOUN cblr-1746 936 119 of of ADP cblr-1746 936 120 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 936 121 is be AUX cblr-1746 936 122 enough enough ADJ cblr-1746 936 123 to to PART cblr-1746 936 124 preclude preclude VERB cblr-1746 936 125 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 936 126 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 936 127 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 936 128 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 936 129 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 936 130 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 936 131 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 936 132 yokoyama yokoyama PROPN cblr-1746 936 133 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 936 134 midland midland PROPN cblr-1746 936 135 nat’l nat’l PROPN cblr-1746 936 136 life life PROPN cblr-1746 936 137 ins ins PROPN cblr-1746 936 138 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 936 139 co. co. PROPN cblr-1746 936 140 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 141 594 594 NUM cblr-1746 936 142 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 936 143 1087 1087 NUM cblr-1746 936 144 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 145 1094 1094 NUM cblr-1746 936 146 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 936 147 9th 9th ADJ cblr-1746 936 148 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 936 149 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 936 150 2010 2010 NUM cblr-1746 936 151 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 936 152 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 936 153 stating state VERB cblr-1746 936 154 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 936 155 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 936 156 damage damage NOUN cblr-1746 936 157 calculations calculation NOUN cblr-1746 936 158 alone alone ADV cblr-1746 936 159 can can AUX cblr-1746 936 160 not not PART cblr-1746 936 161 defeat defeat VERB cblr-1746 936 162 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 936 163 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 936 164 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 936 165 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 936 166 see see VERB cblr-1746 936 167 also also ADV cblr-1746 936 168 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 936 169 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 936 170 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 171 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 936 172 note note NOUN cblr-1746 936 173 115 115 NUM cblr-1746 936 174 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 936 175 § § PROPN cblr-1746 936 176 5:23 5:23 NUM cblr-1746 936 177 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 936 178 defining define VERB cblr-1746 936 179 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 936 180 as as ADP cblr-1746 936 181 the the DET cblr-1746 936 182 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 936 183 core core NOUN cblr-1746 936 184 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 936 185 of of ADP cblr-1746 936 186 the the DET cblr-1746 936 187 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 936 188 inquiry inquiry NOUN cblr-1746 936 189 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 936 190 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 937 1 252 252 NUM cblr-1746 937 2 for for ADP cblr-1746 937 3 examples example NOUN cblr-1746 937 4 of of ADP cblr-1746 937 5 this this DET cblr-1746 937 6 process process NOUN cblr-1746 937 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 937 8 see see VERB cblr-1746 937 9 mejdrech mejdrech PROPN cblr-1746 937 10 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 937 11 met meet VERB cblr-1746 937 12 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 937 13 coil coil NOUN cblr-1746 937 14 sys sys PROPN cblr-1746 937 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 937 16 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 937 17 . . PROPN cblr-1746 937 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 937 19 319 319 NUM cblr-1746 937 20 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 937 21 910 910 NUM cblr-1746 937 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 937 23 911 911 NUM cblr-1746 937 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 937 25 7th 7th ADJ cblr-1746 937 26 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 937 27 . . PROPN cblr-1746 937 28 2003 2003 NUM cblr-1746 937 29 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 937 30 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 937 31 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 937 32 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 937 33 there there PRON cblr-1746 937 34 are be VERB cblr-1746 937 35 genuinely genuinely ADV cblr-1746 937 36 common common ADJ cblr-1746 937 37 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 937 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 937 39 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 937 40 identical identical ADJ cblr-1746 937 41 across across ADP cblr-1746 937 42 all all DET cblr-1746 937 43 the the DET cblr-1746 937 44 claimants claimant NOUN cblr-1746 937 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 937 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 937 47 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 938 1 the the DET cblr-1746 938 2 accuracy accuracy NOUN cblr-1746 938 3 of of ADP cblr-1746 938 4 the the DET cblr-1746 938 5 resolution resolution NOUN cblr-1746 938 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 938 7 which which PRON cblr-1746 938 8 is be AUX cblr-1746 938 9 unlikely unlikely ADJ cblr-1746 938 10 to to PART cblr-1746 938 11 be be AUX cblr-1746 938 12 enhanced enhance VERB cblr-1746 938 13 by by ADP cblr-1746 938 14 repeated repeat VERB cblr-1746 938 15 proceedings proceeding NOUN cblr-1746 938 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 938 17 then then ADV cblr-1746 938 18 it it PRON cblr-1746 938 19 makes make VERB cblr-1746 938 20 good good ADJ cblr-1746 938 21 sense sense NOUN cblr-1746 938 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 938 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 938 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 939 1 to to PART cblr-1746 939 2 resolve resolve VERB cblr-1746 939 3 those those DET cblr-1746 939 4 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 939 5 in in ADP cblr-1746 939 6 one one NUM cblr-1746 939 7 fell fell ADJ cblr-1746 939 8 swoop swoop NOUN cblr-1746 939 9 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 939 10 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 939 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 939 12 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 939 13 in in ADP cblr-1746 939 14 re re NOUN cblr-1746 939 15 methyl methyl NOUN cblr-1746 939 16 tertiary tertiary ADJ cblr-1746 939 17 butyl butyl NOUN cblr-1746 939 18 ether ether NOUN cblr-1746 939 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 939 20 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 939 21 mtbe mtbe NOUN cblr-1746 939 22 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 939 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 939 24 prods prod VERB cblr-1746 939 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 940 1 liab liab PROPN cblr-1746 940 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 941 1 litig litig PROPN cblr-1746 941 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 941 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 941 4 241 241 NUM cblr-1746 941 5 f.r.d f.r.d VERB cblr-1746 941 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 941 7 435 435 NUM cblr-1746 941 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 941 9 448 448 NUM cblr-1746 941 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 941 11 s.d.n.y s.d.n.y PROPN cblr-1746 941 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 941 13 2007 2007 NUM cblr-1746 941 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 941 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 941 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 941 17 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 941 18 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 941 19 can can AUX cblr-1746 941 20 be be AUX cblr-1746 941 21 resolved resolve VERB cblr-1746 941 22 by by ADP cblr-1746 941 23 a a DET cblr-1746 941 24 jury jury NOUN cblr-1746 941 25 with with ADP cblr-1746 941 26 a a DET cblr-1746 941 27 single single ADJ cblr-1746 941 28 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 941 29 that that PRON cblr-1746 941 30 applies apply VERB cblr-1746 941 31 to to ADP cblr-1746 941 32 the the DET cblr-1746 941 33 whole whole ADJ cblr-1746 941 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 941 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 941 36 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 941 37 the the DET cblr-1746 941 38 only only ADJ cblr-1746 941 39 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 941 40 question question NOUN cblr-1746 941 41 left leave VERB cblr-1746 941 42 to to PART cblr-1746 941 43 resolve resolve VERB cblr-1746 941 44 relates relate NOUN cblr-1746 941 45 to to ADP cblr-1746 941 46 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 941 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 941 48 class class NOUN cblr-1746 941 49 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 941 50 is be AUX cblr-1746 941 51 warranted warrant VERB cblr-1746 941 52 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 941 53 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 941 54 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 941 55 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 942 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 942 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 942 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 942 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 942 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 943 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 943 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 943 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 943 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 943 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 943 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 943 7 803 803 NUM cblr-1746 943 8 discrepancies discrepancy NOUN cblr-1746 943 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 943 10 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 943 11 damages,253 damages,253 NOUN cblr-1746 943 12 even even ADV cblr-1746 943 13 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 943 14 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 943 15 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 943 16 are be AUX cblr-1746 943 17 readily readily ADV cblr-1746 943 18 addressed address VERB cblr-1746 943 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 944 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 944 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 944 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 4 following follow VERB cblr-1746 944 5 comcast comcast VERB cblr-1746 944 6 some some DET cblr-1746 944 7 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 944 8 have have AUX cblr-1746 944 9 declined decline VERB cblr-1746 944 10 to to PART cblr-1746 944 11 certify certify VERB cblr-1746 944 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 944 13 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 944 14 alleging allege VERB cblr-1746 944 15 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 944 16 groups group NOUN cblr-1746 944 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 944 18 employees employee NOUN cblr-1746 944 19 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 944 20 all all PRON cblr-1746 944 21 working work VERB cblr-1746 944 22 for for ADP cblr-1746 944 23 the the DET cblr-1746 944 24 same same ADJ cblr-1746 944 25 employer employer NOUN cblr-1746 944 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 27 yet yet CCONJ cblr-1746 944 28 for for ADP cblr-1746 944 29 different different ADJ cblr-1746 944 30 hours hour NOUN cblr-1746 944 31 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 944 32 were be AUX cblr-1746 944 33 impermissibly impermissibly ADV cblr-1746 944 34 denied deny VERB cblr-1746 944 35 due due ADJ cblr-1746 944 36 pay pay NOUN cblr-1746 944 37 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 944 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 39 in in ADP cblr-1746 944 40 the the DET cblr-1746 944 41 event event NOUN cblr-1746 944 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 944 43 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 944 44 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 45 each each DET cblr-1746 944 46 employee employee NOUN cblr-1746 944 47 would would AUX cblr-1746 944 48 be be AUX cblr-1746 944 49 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 944 50 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 944 51 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 944 52 corresponding correspond VERB cblr-1746 944 53 to to ADP cblr-1746 944 54 the the DET cblr-1746 944 55 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 944 56 different different ADJ cblr-1746 944 57 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 944 58 amounts amount NOUN cblr-1746 944 59 of of ADP cblr-1746 944 60 time time NOUN cblr-1746 944 61 that that PRON cblr-1746 944 62 each each DET cblr-1746 944 63 worked.254 worked.254 NOUN cblr-1746 944 64 reading read VERB cblr-1746 944 65 this this DET cblr-1746 944 66 uniformity uniformity NOUN cblr-1746 944 67 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 944 68 like like ADJ cblr-1746 944 69 standard standard NOUN cblr-1746 944 70 into into ADP cblr-1746 944 71 the the DET cblr-1746 944 72 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 944 73 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 944 74 poses pose VERB cblr-1746 944 75 the the DET cblr-1746 944 76 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 944 77 that that PRON cblr-1746 944 78 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 944 79 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 944 80 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 944 81 will will AUX cblr-1746 944 82 be be AUX cblr-1746 944 83 satisfied satisfied ADJ cblr-1746 944 84 only only ADV cblr-1746 944 85 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 944 86 a a DET cblr-1746 944 87 class class NOUN cblr-1746 944 88 seeks seek VERB cblr-1746 944 89 uniform uniform ADJ cblr-1746 944 90 statutory statutory ADJ cblr-1746 944 91 damages.255 damages.255 PROPN cblr-1746 944 92 these these DET cblr-1746 944 93 twin twin ADJ cblr-1746 944 94 doctrines doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 944 95 are be AUX cblr-1746 944 96 driven drive VERB cblr-1746 944 97 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 98 in in ADP cblr-1746 944 99 part part NOUN cblr-1746 944 100 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 101 by by ADP cblr-1746 944 102 a a DET cblr-1746 944 103 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 944 104 concern.256 concern.256 PROPN cblr-1746 944 105 notably notably ADV cblr-1746 944 106 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 107 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 944 108 - - PROPN cblr-1746 944 109 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 944 110 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 944 111 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 944 112 do do AUX cblr-1746 944 113 not not PART cblr-1746 944 114 253 253 NUM cblr-1746 944 115 see see VERB cblr-1746 944 116 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 117 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 944 118 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 119 in in ADP cblr-1746 944 120 re re NOUN cblr-1746 944 121 rail rail NOUN cblr-1746 944 122 freight freight NOUN cblr-1746 944 123 fuel fuel NOUN cblr-1746 944 124 surcharge surcharge NOUN cblr-1746 944 125 antitrust antitrust NOUN cblr-1746 944 126 litig.-mdl litig.-mdl NOUN cblr-1746 944 127 no no NOUN cblr-1746 944 128 . . PROPN cblr-1746 944 129 1869 1869 NUM cblr-1746 944 130 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 131 725 725 NUM cblr-1746 944 132 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 944 133 244 244 NUM cblr-1746 944 134 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 135 253 253 NUM cblr-1746 944 136 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 137 255 255 NUM cblr-1746 944 138 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 944 139 d.c d.c PROPN cblr-1746 944 140 . . PROPN cblr-1746 944 141 cir cir PROPN cblr-1746 944 142 . . PROPN cblr-1746 944 143 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 944 144 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 944 145 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 944 146 noting note VERB cblr-1746 944 147 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 944 148 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 149 before before ADP cblr-1746 944 150 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 944 151 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 152 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 944 153 the the DET cblr-1746 944 154 case case NOUN cblr-1746 944 155 law law NOUN cblr-1746 944 156 was be AUX cblr-1746 944 157 far far ADV cblr-1746 944 158 more more ADV cblr-1746 944 159 accommodating accommodate VERB cblr-1746 944 160 to to ADP cblr-1746 944 161 class class NOUN cblr-1746 944 162 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 944 163 under under ADP cblr-1746 944 164 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 944 165 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 944 166 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 944 167 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 168 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 944 169 whereas whereas SCONJ cblr-1746 944 170 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 944 171 establishes establish VERB cblr-1746 944 172 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 173 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 944 174 [ [ X cblr-1746 944 175 n]o n]o NOUN cblr-1746 944 176 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 944 177 model model NOUN cblr-1746 944 178 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 179 no no DET cblr-1746 944 180 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 944 181 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 944 182 no no DET cblr-1746 944 183 class class NOUN cblr-1746 944 184 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 944 185 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 944 186 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 944 187 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 945 1 smith smith PROPN cblr-1746 945 2 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 945 3 family family PROPN cblr-1746 945 4 video video NOUN cblr-1746 945 5 movie movie NOUN cblr-1746 945 6 club club NOUN cblr-1746 945 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 945 8 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 945 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 945 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 945 11 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 945 12 wl wl NOUN cblr-1746 945 13 1628176 1628176 NUM cblr-1746 945 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 945 15 at at ADP cblr-1746 945 16 * * NUM cblr-1746 945 17 10 10 NUM cblr-1746 945 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 945 19 n.d n.d PROPN cblr-1746 945 20 . . PROPN cblr-1746 945 21 ill ill PROPN cblr-1746 945 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 945 23 apr apr PROPN cblr-1746 945 24 . . PROPN cblr-1746 945 25 15 15 NUM cblr-1746 945 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 945 27 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 945 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 945 29 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 945 30 denying deny VERB cblr-1746 945 31 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 945 32 of of ADP cblr-1746 945 33 a a DET cblr-1746 945 34 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 945 35 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 945 36 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 945 37 class class NOUN cblr-1746 945 38 by by ADP cblr-1746 945 39 interpreting interpret VERB cblr-1746 945 40 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 945 41 to to PART cblr-1746 945 42 hold hold VERB cblr-1746 945 43 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 945 44 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 945 45 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 945 46 must must AUX cblr-1746 945 47 be be AUX cblr-1746 945 48 susceptible susceptible ADJ cblr-1746 945 49 to to ADP cblr-1746 945 50 measurement measurement NOUN cblr-1746 945 51 across across ADP cblr-1746 945 52 the the DET cblr-1746 945 53 entire entire ADJ cblr-1746 945 54 class class NOUN cblr-1746 945 55 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 945 56 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 945 57 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 945 58 damage damage NOUN cblr-1746 945 59 calculations calculation NOUN cblr-1746 945 60 can can AUX cblr-1746 945 61 not not PART cblr-1746 945 62 overwhelm overwhelm VERB cblr-1746 945 63 questions question NOUN cblr-1746 945 64 common common ADJ cblr-1746 945 65 to to ADP cblr-1746 945 66 the the DET cblr-1746 945 67 class class NOUN cblr-1746 945 68 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 945 69 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 945 70 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 946 1 254 254 NUM cblr-1746 946 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 946 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 946 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 946 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 946 6 smith smith PROPN cblr-1746 946 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 946 8 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 946 9 wl wl NOUN cblr-1746 946 10 1628176 1628176 NUM cblr-1746 946 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 946 12 at at ADP cblr-1746 946 13 * * PROPN cblr-1746 946 14 10 10 NUM cblr-1746 946 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 946 16 255 255 NUM cblr-1746 946 17 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 946 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 946 19 for for ADP cblr-1746 946 20 example example NOUN cblr-1746 946 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 946 22 judge judge PROPN cblr-1746 946 23 richard richard PROPN cblr-1746 946 24 posner posner PROPN cblr-1746 946 25 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 946 26 observation observation NOUN cblr-1746 946 27 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 946 28 a a DET cblr-1746 946 29 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 946 30 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 946 31 centric centric ADJ cblr-1746 946 32 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 946 33 inquiry inquiry NOUN cblr-1746 946 34 might might AUX cblr-1746 946 35 increase increase VERB cblr-1746 946 36 the the DET cblr-1746 946 37 need need NOUN cblr-1746 946 38 for for ADP cblr-1746 946 39 a a DET cblr-1746 946 40 statutory statutory ADJ cblr-1746 946 41 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 946 42 regime regime NOUN cblr-1746 946 43 for for ADP cblr-1746 946 44 all all DET cblr-1746 946 45 manner manner NOUN cblr-1746 946 46 of of ADP cblr-1746 946 47 cases case NOUN cblr-1746 946 48 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 946 49 including include VERB cblr-1746 946 50 commonplace commonplace ADJ cblr-1746 946 51 products product NOUN cblr-1746 946 52 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 946 53 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 946 54 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 946 55 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 947 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 947 2 thorogood thorogood ADJ cblr-1746 947 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 947 4 547 547 NUM cblr-1746 947 5 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 947 6 at at ADP cblr-1746 947 7 748 748 NUM cblr-1746 947 8 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 947 9 stating state VERB cblr-1746 947 10 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 947 11 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 947 12 for for ADP cblr-1746 947 13 statutory statutory ADJ cblr-1746 947 14 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 947 15 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 947 16 might might AUX cblr-1746 947 17 not not PART cblr-1746 947 18 require require VERB cblr-1746 947 19 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 947 20 proof proof NOUN cblr-1746 947 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 947 22 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 947 23 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 947 24 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 947 25 for for ADP cblr-1746 947 26 actual actual ADJ cblr-1746 947 27 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 947 28 leave leave VERB cblr-1746 947 29 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 947 30 the the DET cblr-1746 947 31 difficult difficult ADJ cblr-1746 947 32 task task NOUN cblr-1746 947 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 947 34 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 947 35 determining determine VERB cblr-1746 947 36 the the DET cblr-1746 947 37 relief relief NOUN cblr-1746 947 38 to to PART cblr-1746 947 39 which which PRON cblr-1746 947 40 the the DET cblr-1746 947 41 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 947 42 class class NOUN cblr-1746 947 43 members member NOUN cblr-1746 947 44 are be AUX cblr-1746 947 45 entitled entitle VERB cblr-1746 947 46 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 947 47 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 947 48 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 947 49 see see VERB cblr-1746 947 50 also also ADV cblr-1746 947 51 shabazz shabazz NOUN cblr-1746 947 52 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 947 53 morgan morgan PROPN cblr-1746 947 54 funding funding PROPN cblr-1746 947 55 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 947 56 . . PROPN cblr-1746 947 57 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 947 58 269 269 NUM cblr-1746 947 59 f.r.d f.r.d NOUN cblr-1746 947 60 . . PROPN cblr-1746 947 61 245 245 NUM cblr-1746 947 62 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 947 63 250–51 250–51 NUM cblr-1746 947 64 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 947 65 s.d.n.y s.d.n.y PROPN cblr-1746 947 66 . . NOUN cblr-1746 947 67 2010 2010 NUM cblr-1746 947 68 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 947 69 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 947 70 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 947 71 any any DET cblr-1746 947 72 class class NOUN cblr-1746 947 73 action action NOUN cblr-1746 947 74 based base VERB cblr-1746 947 75 on on ADP cblr-1746 947 76 unpaid unpaid ADJ cblr-1746 947 77 wages wage NOUN cblr-1746 947 78 will will AUX cblr-1746 947 79 necessarily necessarily ADV cblr-1746 947 80 involve involve VERB cblr-1746 947 81 calculations calculation NOUN cblr-1746 947 82 for for ADP cblr-1746 947 83 determining determine VERB cblr-1746 947 84 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 947 85 class class NOUN cblr-1746 947 86 member member NOUN cblr-1746 947 87 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 947 88 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 947 89 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 947 90 the the DET cblr-1746 947 91 need need NOUN cblr-1746 947 92 for for ADP cblr-1746 947 93 such such ADJ cblr-1746 947 94 calculations calculation NOUN cblr-1746 947 95 do do AUX cblr-1746 947 96 [ [ X cblr-1746 947 97 sic sic ADJ cblr-1746 947 98 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 947 99 not not PART cblr-1746 947 100 preclude preclude VERB cblr-1746 947 101 class class NOUN cblr-1746 947 102 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 947 103 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 947 104 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 947 105 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 947 106 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 948 1 256 256 NUM cblr-1746 948 2 importantly importantly ADV cblr-1746 948 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 948 4 both both PRON cblr-1746 948 5 rely rely VERB cblr-1746 948 6 on on ADP cblr-1746 948 7 amchem amchem NOUN cblr-1746 948 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 948 9 which which PRON cblr-1746 948 10 explicated explicate VERB cblr-1746 948 11 the the DET cblr-1746 948 12 court court NOUN cblr-1746 948 13 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 948 14 information information NOUN cblr-1746 948 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 948 16 asymmetry asymmetry NOUN cblr-1746 948 17 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 948 18 with with ADP cblr-1746 948 19 large large ADJ cblr-1746 948 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 948 21 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 948 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 949 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 949 2 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 949 3 notes note VERB cblr-1746 949 4 58–65 58–65 NUM cblr-1746 949 5 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 949 6 accompanying accompany VERB cblr-1746 949 7 text text NOUN cblr-1746 949 8 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 949 9 see see VERB cblr-1746 949 10 also also ADV cblr-1746 949 11 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 949 12 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 949 13 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 949 14 stores stores PROPN cblr-1746 949 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 949 16 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 949 17 . . PROPN cblr-1746 950 1 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 950 2 dukes dukes PROPN cblr-1746 950 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 950 4 564 564 NUM cblr-1746 950 5 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 950 6 . . PROPN cblr-1746 950 7 338 338 NUM cblr-1746 950 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 950 9 362 362 NUM cblr-1746 950 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 950 11 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 950 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 950 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 950 14 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 950 15 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 950 16 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 950 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 950 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 950 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 951 1 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 952 1 is be AUX cblr-1746 952 2 an an DET cblr-1746 952 3 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 952 4 adventuresome adventuresome ADJ cblr-1746 952 5 innovation innovation NOUN cblr-1746 952 6 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 952 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 952 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 953 1 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 954 1 framed frame VERB cblr-1746 954 2 for for ADP cblr-1746 954 3 situations situation NOUN cblr-1746 954 4 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 954 5 in in ADP cblr-1746 954 6 which which PRON cblr-1746 954 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 954 8 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 954 9 action action NOUN cblr-1746 954 10 treatment treatment NOUN cblr-1746 954 11 is be AUX cblr-1746 954 12 not not PART cblr-1746 954 13 as as ADV cblr-1746 954 14 clearly clearly ADV cblr-1746 954 15 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 954 16 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 954 17 final final ADJ cblr-1746 954 18 804 804 NUM cblr-1746 954 19 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 954 20 business business NOUN cblr-1746 954 21 law law PROPN cblr-1746 954 22 review review NOUN cblr-1746 954 23 [ [ X cblr-1746 954 24 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 954 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 954 26 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 954 27 discuss discuss VERB cblr-1746 954 28 blackmail blackmail NOUN cblr-1746 954 29 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 954 30 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 954 31 ruinous ruinous ADJ cblr-1746 954 32 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 954 33 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 954 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 955 1 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 955 2 - - PROPN cblr-1746 955 3 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 955 4 does do AUX cblr-1746 955 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 955 6 however however ADV cblr-1746 955 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 955 8 express express VERB cblr-1746 955 9 an an DET cblr-1746 955 10 agency agency NOUN cblr-1746 955 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 955 12 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 955 13 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 955 14 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 955 15 even even ADV cblr-1746 955 16 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 955 17 impliedly impliedly ADV cblr-1746 955 18 so).257 so).257 VERB cblr-1746 955 19 meanwhile meanwhile ADV cblr-1746 955 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 955 21 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 955 22 voices voice NOUN cblr-1746 955 23 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 955 24 for for ADP cblr-1746 955 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 955 26 inter inter PROPN cblr-1746 955 27 alia alia PROPN cblr-1746 955 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 955 29 the the DET cblr-1746 955 30 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 955 31 that that PRON cblr-1746 955 32 adjudicating adjudicate VERB cblr-1746 955 33 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 955 34 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 955 35 would would AUX cblr-1746 955 36 impose impose VERB cblr-1746 955 37 on on ADP cblr-1746 955 38 the the DET cblr-1746 955 39 courts.258 courts.258 NOUN cblr-1746 955 40 these these PRON cblr-1746 955 41 are be AUX cblr-1746 955 42 precisely precisely ADV cblr-1746 955 43 the the DET cblr-1746 955 44 types type NOUN cblr-1746 955 45 of of ADP cblr-1746 955 46 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 955 47 that that DET cblr-1746 955 48 class class NOUN cblr-1746 955 49 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 955 50 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 955 51 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 955 52 class class NOUN cblr-1746 955 53 entrepreneurs entrepreneur NOUN cblr-1746 955 54 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 955 55 are be AUX cblr-1746 955 56 well well ADV cblr-1746 955 57 positioned position VERB cblr-1746 955 58 to to ADP cblr-1746 955 59 internalize.259 internalize.259 NOUN cblr-1746 955 60 were be AUX cblr-1746 955 61 it it PRON cblr-1746 955 62 more more ADV cblr-1746 955 63 costly costly ADJ cblr-1746 955 64 to to PART cblr-1746 955 65 litigate litigate VERB cblr-1746 955 66 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 955 67 defenses defense NOUN cblr-1746 955 68 in in ADP cblr-1746 955 69 the the DET cblr-1746 955 70 aggregate aggregate NOUN cblr-1746 955 71 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 955 72 the the DET cblr-1746 955 73 alternative alternative NOUN cblr-1746 955 74 suggested suggest VERB cblr-1746 955 75 by by ADP cblr-1746 955 76 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 955 77 - - PROPN cblr-1746 955 78 mart260 mart260 PROPN cblr-1746 955 79 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 955 80 profit profit NOUN cblr-1746 955 81 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 955 82 maximizing maximize VERB cblr-1746 955 83 market market NOUN cblr-1746 955 84 participants participant NOUN cblr-1746 955 85 would would AUX cblr-1746 955 86 not not PART cblr-1746 955 87 so so ADV cblr-1746 955 88 litigate litigate VERB cblr-1746 955 89 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 956 1 similarly similarly ADV cblr-1746 956 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 956 3 were be AUX cblr-1746 956 4 it it PRON cblr-1746 956 5 a a DET cblr-1746 956 6 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 956 7 drain drain NOUN cblr-1746 956 8 on on ADP cblr-1746 956 9 the the DET cblr-1746 956 10 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 956 11 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 956 12 limited limited ADJ cblr-1746 956 13 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 956 14 to to PART cblr-1746 956 15 dole dole VERB cblr-1746 956 16 out out ADP cblr-1746 956 17 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 956 18 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 956 19 in in ADP cblr-1746 956 20 aggregate aggregate ADJ cblr-1746 956 21 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 956 22 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 956 23 again again ADV cblr-1746 956 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 956 25 the the DET cblr-1746 956 26 presumed presume VERB cblr-1746 956 27 alternative alternative NOUN cblr-1746 956 28 in in ADP cblr-1746 956 29 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 956 30 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 956 31 rational rational ADJ cblr-1746 956 32 actors actor NOUN cblr-1746 956 33 would would AUX cblr-1746 956 34 self self NOUN cblr-1746 956 35 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 956 36 regulate regulate VERB cblr-1746 956 37 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 956 38 respond respond VERB cblr-1746 956 39 in in ADP cblr-1746 956 40 kind kind NOUN cblr-1746 956 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 957 1 there there PRON cblr-1746 957 2 are be VERB cblr-1746 957 3 numerous numerous ADJ cblr-1746 957 4 alternatives alternative NOUN cblr-1746 957 5 to to ADP cblr-1746 957 6 the the DET cblr-1746 957 7 heavy heavy ADV cblr-1746 957 8 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 957 9 handed handed ADJ cblr-1746 957 10 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 957 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 957 12 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 957 13 - - PROPN cblr-1746 957 14 mart mart PROPN cblr-1746 957 15 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 957 16 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 957 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 957 18 respectively respectively ADV cblr-1746 957 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 958 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 958 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 958 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 958 4 in in ADP cblr-1746 958 5 the the DET cblr-1746 958 6 context context NOUN cblr-1746 958 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 958 8 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 958 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 958 10 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 958 11 might might AUX cblr-1746 958 12 be be AUX cblr-1746 958 13 permitted permit VERB cblr-1746 958 14 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 958 15 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 958 16 encouraged encouraged ADJ cblr-1746 958 17 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 958 18 to to PART cblr-1746 958 19 litigate litigate VERB cblr-1746 958 20 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 958 21 defenses defense NOUN cblr-1746 958 22 after after ADP cblr-1746 958 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 958 24 certification.261 certification.261 PROPN cblr-1746 958 25 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 958 26 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 958 27 bear bear VERB cblr-1746 958 28 called call VERB cblr-1746 958 29 for for ADP cblr-1746 958 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 958 31 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 958 32 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 959 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 959 2 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 959 3 amchem amchem NOUN cblr-1746 959 4 products product NOUN cblr-1746 959 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 959 6 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 959 7 . . PROPN cblr-1746 959 8 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 959 9 windsor windsor PROPN cblr-1746 959 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 959 11 521 521 NUM cblr-1746 959 12 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 959 13 591 591 NUM cblr-1746 959 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 959 15 614 614 NUM cblr-1746 959 16 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 959 17 1997 1997 NUM cblr-1746 959 18 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 959 19 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 959 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 959 21 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 959 22 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 959 23 corp corp PROPN cblr-1746 959 24 . . PROPN cblr-1746 960 1 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 960 2 behrend behrend NOUN cblr-1746 960 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 960 4 133 133 NUM cblr-1746 960 5 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 960 6 ct ct PROPN cblr-1746 960 7 . . PROPN cblr-1746 960 8 1426 1426 NUM cblr-1746 960 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 960 10 1432 1432 NUM cblr-1746 960 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 960 12 2013 2013 NUM cblr-1746 960 13 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 960 14 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 960 15 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 960 16 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 960 17 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 960 18 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 960 19 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 960 20 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 960 21 criterion criterion NOUN cblr-1746 960 22 is be AUX cblr-1746 960 23 even even ADV cblr-1746 960 24 more more ADV cblr-1746 960 25 demanding demanding ADJ cblr-1746 960 26 than than ADP cblr-1746 960 27 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 960 28 23(a 23(a NUM cblr-1746 960 29 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 960 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 960 31 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 960 32 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 961 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 961 2 citing cite VERB cblr-1746 961 3 amchem amchem NOUN cblr-1746 961 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 961 5 521 521 NUM cblr-1746 961 6 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 961 7 . . PROPN cblr-1746 961 8 at at ADP cblr-1746 961 9 623–24 623–24 PROPN cblr-1746 961 10 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 961 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 962 1 257 257 NUM cblr-1746 962 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 962 3 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 962 4 - - NOUN cblr-1746 962 5 mart mart NOUN cblr-1746 962 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 962 7 564 564 NUM cblr-1746 962 8 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 962 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 962 10 at at ADP cblr-1746 962 11 354–60 354–60 NUM cblr-1746 962 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 962 13 determining determine VERB cblr-1746 962 14 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 962 15 the the DET cblr-1746 962 16 proffered proffered ADJ cblr-1746 962 17 statistical statistical ADJ cblr-1746 962 18 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 962 19 anecdotal anecdotal ADJ cblr-1746 962 20 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 962 21 presented present VERB cblr-1746 962 22 by by ADP cblr-1746 962 23 the the DET cblr-1746 962 24 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 962 25 is be AUX cblr-1746 962 26 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 962 27 worlds world NOUN cblr-1746 962 28 away away ADV cblr-1746 962 29 from from ADP cblr-1746 962 30 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 962 31 significant significant ADJ cblr-1746 962 32 proof proof NOUN cblr-1746 962 33 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 962 34 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 962 35 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 962 36 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 962 37 mart mart NOUN cblr-1746 962 38 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 962 39 operated operate VERB cblr-1746 962 40 under under ADP cblr-1746 962 41 a a DET cblr-1746 962 42 general general ADJ cblr-1746 962 43 policy policy NOUN cblr-1746 962 44 of of ADP cblr-1746 962 45 discrimination discrimination NOUN cblr-1746 962 46 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 962 47 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 962 48 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 962 49 meaning mean VERB cblr-1746 962 50 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 962 51 the the DET cblr-1746 962 52 class class NOUN cblr-1746 962 53 would would AUX cblr-1746 962 54 need need VERB cblr-1746 962 55 to to PART cblr-1746 962 56 present present VERB cblr-1746 962 57 far far ADV cblr-1746 962 58 more more ADV cblr-1746 962 59 rigorous rigorous ADJ cblr-1746 962 60 studies study NOUN cblr-1746 962 61 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 962 62 a a DET cblr-1746 962 63 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 962 64 number number NOUN cblr-1746 962 65 of of ADP cblr-1746 962 66 anecdotal anecdotal ADJ cblr-1746 962 67 examples example NOUN cblr-1746 962 68 of of ADP cblr-1746 962 69 workplace workplace NOUN cblr-1746 962 70 discrimination discrimination NOUN cblr-1746 962 71 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 962 72 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 962 73 i i PRON cblr-1746 962 74 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 962 75 at at ADP cblr-1746 962 76 364 364 NUM cblr-1746 962 77 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 962 78 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 962 79 respondents respondent NOUN cblr-1746 962 80 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 962 81 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 962 82 test test NOUN cblr-1746 962 83 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 962 84 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 962 85 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 962 86 creates create VERB cblr-1746 962 87 perverse perverse ADJ cblr-1746 962 88 incentives incentive NOUN cblr-1746 962 89 for for SCONJ cblr-1746 962 90 class class NOUN cblr-1746 962 91 representatives representative NOUN cblr-1746 962 92 to to PART cblr-1746 962 93 place place VERB cblr-1746 962 94 at at ADP cblr-1746 962 95 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 962 96 potentially potentially ADV cblr-1746 962 97 valid valid ADJ cblr-1746 962 98 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 962 99 for for ADP cblr-1746 962 100 monetary monetary ADJ cblr-1746 962 101 relief relief NOUN cblr-1746 962 102 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 962 103 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 962 104 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 962 105 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 963 1 258 258 NUM cblr-1746 963 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 963 3 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 963 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 963 5 133 133 NUM cblr-1746 963 6 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 963 7 ct ct PROPN cblr-1746 963 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 964 1 at at ADP cblr-1746 964 2 1434–35 1434–35 PROPN cblr-1746 964 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 964 4 expressing express VERB cblr-1746 964 5 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 964 6 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 964 7 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 964 8 the the DET cblr-1746 964 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 964 10 action action NOUN cblr-1746 964 11 at at ADP cblr-1746 964 12 bar bar NOUN cblr-1746 964 13 were be AUX cblr-1746 964 14 certified certify VERB cblr-1746 964 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 964 16 the the DET cblr-1746 964 17 court court NOUN cblr-1746 964 18 would would AUX cblr-1746 964 19 be be AUX cblr-1746 964 20 required require VERB cblr-1746 964 21 to to PART cblr-1746 964 22 review review VERB cblr-1746 964 23 an an DET cblr-1746 964 24 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 964 25 endless endless ADJ cblr-1746 964 26 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 964 27 number number NOUN cblr-1746 964 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 964 29 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 964 30 permutations permutation NOUN cblr-1746 964 31 involving involve VERB cblr-1746 964 32 four four NUM cblr-1746 964 33 theories theory NOUN cblr-1746 964 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 964 35 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 964 36 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 964 37 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 964 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 965 1 259 259 NUM cblr-1746 965 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 965 3 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 965 4 section section PROPN cblr-1746 965 5 iii.a.2 iii.a.2 PROPN cblr-1746 965 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 966 1 260 260 NUM cblr-1746 966 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 966 3 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 966 4 - - NOUN cblr-1746 966 5 mart mart NOUN cblr-1746 966 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 966 7 564 564 NUM cblr-1746 966 8 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 966 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 966 10 at at ADP cblr-1746 966 11 365 365 NUM cblr-1746 966 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 967 1 261 261 NUM cblr-1746 967 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 967 3 rubenstein rubenstein PROPN cblr-1746 967 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 967 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 967 6 note note PROPN cblr-1746 967 7 156 156 NUM cblr-1746 967 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 967 9 § § PROPN cblr-1746 967 10 4:55 4:55 NUM cblr-1746 967 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 967 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 967 13 the the DET cblr-1746 967 14 general general ADJ cblr-1746 967 15 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 967 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 967 17 regularly regularly ADV cblr-1746 967 18 repeated repeat VERB cblr-1746 967 19 by by ADP cblr-1746 967 20 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 967 21 in in ADP cblr-1746 967 22 many many ADJ cblr-1746 967 23 circuits circuit NOUN cblr-1746 967 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 967 25 is be AUX cblr-1746 967 26 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 967 27 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 967 28 [ [ X cblr-1746 967 29 c]ourts c]ourt NOUN cblr-1746 967 30 traditionally traditionally ADV cblr-1746 967 31 have have AUX cblr-1746 967 32 been be AUX cblr-1746 967 33 reluctant reluctant ADJ cblr-1746 967 34 to to PART cblr-1746 967 35 deny deny VERB cblr-1746 967 36 class class NOUN cblr-1746 967 37 action action NOUN cblr-1746 967 38 status status NOUN cblr-1746 967 39 under under ADP cblr-1746 967 40 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 967 41 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 967 42 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 967 43 simply simply ADV cblr-1746 967 44 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 967 45 affirmative affirmative ADJ cblr-1746 967 46 defenses defense NOUN cblr-1746 967 47 may may AUX cblr-1746 967 48 be be AUX cblr-1746 967 49 available available ADJ cblr-1746 967 50 against against ADP cblr-1746 967 51 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 967 52 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 967 53 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 967 54 final final ADJ cblr-1746 967 55 no no NOUN cblr-1746 967 56 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 968 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 968 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 968 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 968 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 968 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 968 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 968 7 805 805 NUM cblr-1746 968 8 the the DET cblr-1746 968 9 burden burden NOUN cblr-1746 968 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 968 11 proof proof NOUN cblr-1746 968 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 968 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 968 14 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 968 15 would would AUX cblr-1746 968 16 be be AUX cblr-1746 968 17 required require VERB cblr-1746 968 18 to to PART cblr-1746 968 19 internalize internalize VERB cblr-1746 968 20 the the DET cblr-1746 968 21 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 968 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 968 23 presenting present VERB cblr-1746 968 24 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 968 25 to to PART cblr-1746 968 26 rebut rebut VERB cblr-1746 968 27 each each DET cblr-1746 968 28 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 968 29 defense.262 defense.262 NOUN cblr-1746 968 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 968 31 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 968 32 would would AUX cblr-1746 968 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 968 34 predictably predictably ADV cblr-1746 968 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 968 36 avoid avoid VERB cblr-1746 968 37 including include VERB cblr-1746 968 38 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 968 39 in in ADP cblr-1746 968 40 the the DET cblr-1746 968 41 class class NOUN cblr-1746 968 42 action action NOUN cblr-1746 968 43 for for ADP cblr-1746 968 44 which which PRON cblr-1746 968 45 the the DET cblr-1746 968 46 expected expect VERB cblr-1746 968 47 value value NOUN cblr-1746 968 48 of of ADP cblr-1746 968 49 the the DET cblr-1746 968 50 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 968 51 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 968 52 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 968 53 by by ADP cblr-1746 968 54 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 968 55 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 968 56 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 968 57 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 968 58 is be AUX cblr-1746 968 59 outweighed outweigh VERB cblr-1746 968 60 by by ADP cblr-1746 968 61 the the DET cblr-1746 968 62 expected expect VERB cblr-1746 968 63 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 968 64 of of ADP cblr-1746 968 65 litigation.263 litigation.263 ADJ cblr-1746 968 66 turning turn VERB cblr-1746 968 67 to to ADP cblr-1746 968 68 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 968 69 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 968 70 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 968 71 taking take VERB cblr-1746 968 72 the the DET cblr-1746 968 73 facts fact NOUN cblr-1746 968 74 presented present VERB cblr-1746 968 75 in in ADP cblr-1746 968 76 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 968 77 as as ADP cblr-1746 968 78 an an DET cblr-1746 968 79 example example NOUN cblr-1746 968 80 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 968 81 the the DET cblr-1746 968 82 class class NOUN cblr-1746 968 83 might might AUX cblr-1746 968 84 be be AUX cblr-1746 968 85 required require VERB cblr-1746 968 86 to to PART cblr-1746 968 87 present present VERB cblr-1746 968 88 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 968 89 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 968 90 models model NOUN cblr-1746 968 91 for for ADP cblr-1746 968 92 each each DET cblr-1746 968 93 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 968 94 of of ADP cblr-1746 968 95 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 968 96 relating relate VERB cblr-1746 968 97 to to ADP cblr-1746 968 98 the the DET cblr-1746 968 99 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 968 100 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 968 101 clustering.264 clustering.264 VERB cblr-1746 968 102 these these DET cblr-1746 968 103 models model NOUN cblr-1746 968 104 are be AUX cblr-1746 968 105 members member NOUN cblr-1746 968 106 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 968 107 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 969 1 this this PRON cblr-1746 969 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 969 3 particularly particularly ADV cblr-1746 969 4 true true ADJ cblr-1746 969 5 given give VERB cblr-1746 969 6 the the DET cblr-1746 969 7 range range NOUN cblr-1746 969 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 969 9 procedural procedural ADJ cblr-1746 969 10 mechanisms mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 969 11 available available ADJ cblr-1746 969 12 to to ADP cblr-1746 969 13 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 969 14 to to PART cblr-1746 969 15 deal deal VERB cblr-1746 969 16 with with ADP cblr-1746 969 17 potentially potentially ADV cblr-1746 969 18 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 969 19 affirmative affirmative ADJ cblr-1746 969 20 defenses defense NOUN cblr-1746 969 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 969 22 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 969 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 969 24 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 969 25 see see VERB cblr-1746 969 26 also also ADV cblr-1746 969 27 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 969 28 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 969 29 mart mart NOUN cblr-1746 969 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 969 31 564 564 NUM cblr-1746 969 32 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 969 33 . . PROPN cblr-1746 969 34 at at ADP cblr-1746 969 35 377 377 NUM cblr-1746 969 36 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 969 37 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 969 38 a a DET cblr-1746 969 39 finding finding NOUN cblr-1746 969 40 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 969 41 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 969 42 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 969 43 mart mart NOUN cblr-1746 969 44 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 969 45 pay pay NOUN cblr-1746 969 46 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 969 47 promotions promotion NOUN cblr-1746 969 48 practices practice NOUN cblr-1746 969 49 in in ADP cblr-1746 969 50 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 969 51 violate violate VERB cblr-1746 969 52 the the DET cblr-1746 969 53 law law NOUN cblr-1746 969 54 would would AUX cblr-1746 969 55 be be AUX cblr-1746 969 56 the the DET cblr-1746 969 57 first first ADJ cblr-1746 969 58 step step NOUN cblr-1746 969 59 in in ADP cblr-1746 969 60 the the DET cblr-1746 969 61 usual usual ADJ cblr-1746 969 62 order order NOUN cblr-1746 969 63 of of ADP cblr-1746 969 64 proof proof NOUN cblr-1746 969 65 for for ADP cblr-1746 969 66 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 969 67 seeking seek VERB cblr-1746 969 68 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 969 69 remedies remedy NOUN cblr-1746 969 70 for for ADP cblr-1746 969 71 company company NOUN cblr-1746 969 72 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 969 73 wide wide ADJ cblr-1746 969 74 discrimination discrimination NOUN cblr-1746 969 75 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 970 1 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 970 2 each each DET cblr-1746 970 3 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 970 4 employee employee NOUN cblr-1746 970 5 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 970 6 unique unique ADJ cblr-1746 970 7 circumstances circumstance NOUN cblr-1746 970 8 will will AUX cblr-1746 970 9 ultimately ultimately ADV cblr-1746 970 10 determine determine VERB cblr-1746 970 11 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 970 12 she she PRON cblr-1746 970 13 is be AUX cblr-1746 970 14 entitled entitle VERB cblr-1746 970 15 to to PART cblr-1746 970 16 backpay backpay VERB cblr-1746 970 17 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 970 18 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 970 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 970 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 971 1 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 972 1 should should AUX cblr-1746 972 2 not not PART cblr-1746 972 3 factor factor VERB cblr-1746 972 4 into into ADP cblr-1746 972 5 the the DET cblr-1746 972 6 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 972 7 23(a)(2 23(a)(2 NOUN cblr-1746 972 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 972 9 determination determination NOUN cblr-1746 972 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 972 11 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 972 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 972 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 973 1 262 262 NUM cblr-1746 973 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 973 3 int’l int’l NUM cblr-1746 973 4 bhd bhd NOUN cblr-1746 973 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 974 1 of of ADP cblr-1746 974 2 teamsters teamster NOUN cblr-1746 974 3 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 974 4 united united PROPN cblr-1746 974 5 states states PROPN cblr-1746 974 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 974 7 431 431 NUM cblr-1746 974 8 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 974 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 974 10 324 324 NUM cblr-1746 974 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 974 12 361–62 361–62 NUM cblr-1746 974 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 974 14 1977 1977 NUM cblr-1746 974 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 974 16 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 974 17 holding hold VERB cblr-1746 974 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 974 19 a a DET cblr-1746 974 20 workplace workplace NOUN cblr-1746 974 21 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 974 22 discrimination discrimination NOUN cblr-1746 974 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 974 24 action action NOUN cblr-1746 974 25 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 974 26 the the DET cblr-1746 974 27 burden burden NOUN cblr-1746 974 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 974 29 proof proof NOUN cblr-1746 974 30 initially initially ADV cblr-1746 974 31 lies lie VERB cblr-1746 974 32 with with ADP cblr-1746 974 33 the the DET cblr-1746 974 34 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 974 35 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 974 36 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 974 37 a a DET cblr-1746 974 38 district district NOUN cblr-1746 974 39 court court NOUN cblr-1746 974 40 must must AUX cblr-1746 974 41 usually usually ADV cblr-1746 974 42 conduct conduct VERB cblr-1746 974 43 additional additional ADJ cblr-1746 974 44 proceedings proceeding NOUN cblr-1746 974 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 974 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 974 47 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 975 1 to to PART cblr-1746 975 2 determine determine VERB cblr-1746 975 3 the the DET cblr-1746 975 4 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 975 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 975 6 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 975 7 relief relief NOUN cblr-1746 975 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 975 9 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 975 10 at at ADP cblr-1746 975 11 which which DET cblr-1746 975 12 point point NOUN cblr-1746 975 13 the the DET cblr-1746 975 14 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 975 15 may may AUX cblr-1746 975 16 raise raise VERB cblr-1746 975 17 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 975 18 affirmative affirmative ADJ cblr-1746 975 19 defenses defense NOUN cblr-1746 975 20 to to PART cblr-1746 975 21 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 975 22 demonstrate demonstrate VERB cblr-1746 975 23 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 975 24 the the DET cblr-1746 975 25 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 975 26 applicant applicant NOUN cblr-1746 975 27 was be AUX cblr-1746 975 28 denied deny VERB cblr-1746 975 29 an an DET cblr-1746 975 30 employment employment NOUN cblr-1746 975 31 opportunity opportunity NOUN cblr-1746 975 32 for for ADP cblr-1746 975 33 lawful lawful ADJ cblr-1746 975 34 reasons reason NOUN cblr-1746 975 35 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 975 36 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 975 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 976 1 263 263 NUM cblr-1746 976 2 which which PRON cblr-1746 976 3 includes include VERB cblr-1746 976 4 not not PART cblr-1746 976 5 only only ADV cblr-1746 976 6 the the DET cblr-1746 976 7 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 976 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 976 9 adducing adduce VERB cblr-1746 976 10 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 976 11 for for ADP cblr-1746 976 12 that that DET cblr-1746 976 13 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 976 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 976 15 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 976 16 also also ADV cblr-1746 976 17 the the DET cblr-1746 976 18 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 976 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 976 20 distracting distract VERB cblr-1746 976 21 the the DET cblr-1746 976 22 jury jury NOUN cblr-1746 976 23 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 976 24 otherwise otherwise ADV cblr-1746 976 25 implicating implicate VERB cblr-1746 976 26 the the DET cblr-1746 976 27 probability probability NOUN cblr-1746 976 28 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 976 29 other other ADJ cblr-1746 976 30 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 976 31 might might AUX cblr-1746 976 32 prevail prevail VERB cblr-1746 976 33 by by ADP cblr-1746 976 34 engendering engender VERB cblr-1746 976 35 distrust distrust NOUN cblr-1746 976 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 976 37 illwill illwill NOUN cblr-1746 976 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 976 39 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 976 40 so so ADV cblr-1746 976 41 forth forth ADV cblr-1746 976 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 977 1 264 264 NUM cblr-1746 977 2 for for ADP cblr-1746 977 3 an an DET cblr-1746 977 4 example example NOUN cblr-1746 977 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 977 6 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 977 7 messner messner PROPN cblr-1746 977 8 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 977 9 northshore northshore PROPN cblr-1746 977 10 univ univ PROPN cblr-1746 977 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 978 1 healthsystem healthsystem PROPN cblr-1746 978 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 978 3 669 669 NUM cblr-1746 978 4 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 978 5 802 802 NUM cblr-1746 978 6 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 978 7 7th 7th ADJ cblr-1746 978 8 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 978 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 978 10 2012 2012 NUM cblr-1746 978 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 978 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 979 1 in in ADP cblr-1746 979 2 the the DET cblr-1746 979 3 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 979 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 979 5 action action NOUN cblr-1746 979 6 at at ADP cblr-1746 979 7 issue issue NOUN cblr-1746 979 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 979 9 the the DET cblr-1746 979 10 court court NOUN cblr-1746 979 11 stated state VERB cblr-1746 979 12 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 979 13 the the DET cblr-1746 979 14 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 979 15 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 979 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 979 17 ability ability NOUN cblr-1746 979 18 to to PART cblr-1746 979 19 use use VERB cblr-1746 979 20 common common ADJ cblr-1746 979 21 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 979 22 to to PART cblr-1746 979 23 show show VERB cblr-1746 979 24 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 979 25 on on ADP cblr-1746 979 26 the the DET cblr-1746 979 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 979 28 did do AUX cblr-1746 979 29 not not PART cblr-1746 979 30 ultimately ultimately ADV cblr-1746 979 31 depend depend VERB cblr-1746 979 32 on on ADP cblr-1746 979 33 assuming assume VERB cblr-1746 979 34 the the DET cblr-1746 979 35 uniformity uniformity NOUN cblr-1746 979 36 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 979 37 of of ADP cblr-1746 979 38 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 979 39 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 979 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 980 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 980 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 980 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 980 4 818 818 NUM cblr-1746 980 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 981 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 981 2 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 981 3 such such ADJ cblr-1746 981 4 uniformity uniformity NOUN cblr-1746 981 5 would would AUX cblr-1746 981 6 certainly certainly ADV cblr-1746 981 7 simplify simplify VERB cblr-1746 981 8 matters matter NOUN cblr-1746 981 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 981 10 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 981 11 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 981 12 a a DET cblr-1746 981 13 lack lack NOUN cblr-1746 981 14 of of ADP cblr-1746 981 15 uniformity uniformity NOUN cblr-1746 981 16 would would AUX cblr-1746 981 17 only only ADV cblr-1746 981 18 require require VERB cblr-1746 981 19 [ [ X cblr-1746 981 20 the the DET cblr-1746 981 21 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 981 22 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 981 23 econometrics econometric NOUN cblr-1746 981 24 expert expert NOUN cblr-1746 981 25 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 981 26 to to PART cblr-1746 981 27 do do VERB cblr-1746 981 28 more more ADJ cblr-1746 981 29 [ [ X cblr-1746 981 30 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 981 31 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 981 32 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 981 33 analyses analyse VERB cblr-1746 981 34 for for ADP cblr-1746 981 35 each each DET cblr-1746 981 36 contract contract NOUN cblr-1746 981 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 981 38 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 982 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 982 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 982 3 at at ADP cblr-1746 982 4 819 819 NUM cblr-1746 982 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 983 1 the the DET cblr-1746 983 2 court court NOUN cblr-1746 983 3 held hold VERB cblr-1746 983 4 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 983 5 the the DET cblr-1746 983 6 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 983 7 ability ability NOUN cblr-1746 983 8 to to PART cblr-1746 983 9 use use VERB cblr-1746 983 10 such such ADJ cblr-1746 983 11 common common ADJ cblr-1746 983 12 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 983 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 983 14 common common ADJ cblr-1746 983 15 methodology methodology NOUN cblr-1746 983 16 to to PART cblr-1746 983 17 prove prove VERB cblr-1746 983 18 a a DET cblr-1746 983 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 983 20 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 983 21 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 983 22 is be AUX cblr-1746 983 23 sufficient sufficient ADJ cblr-1746 983 24 to to PART cblr-1746 983 25 support support VERB cblr-1746 983 26 a a DET cblr-1746 983 27 finding finding NOUN cblr-1746 983 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 983 29 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 983 30 on on ADP cblr-1746 983 31 the the DET cblr-1746 983 32 issue issue NOUN cblr-1746 983 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 983 34 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 983 35 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 983 36 for for ADP cblr-1746 983 37 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 983 38 under under ADP cblr-1746 983 39 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 983 40 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 983 41 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 983 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 983 43 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 984 1 i i PRON cblr-1746 984 2 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 984 3 parkinson parkinson PROPN cblr-1746 984 4 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 984 5 final final ADJ cblr-1746 984 6 806 806 NUM cblr-1746 984 7 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 984 8 business business NOUN cblr-1746 984 9 law law PROPN cblr-1746 984 10 review review NOUN cblr-1746 984 11 [ [ X cblr-1746 984 12 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 984 13 . . NOUN cblr-1746 984 14 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 984 15 incredibly incredibly ADV cblr-1746 984 16 expensive.265 expensive.265 VERB cblr-1746 984 17 again again ADV cblr-1746 984 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 984 19 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 984 20 the the DET cblr-1746 984 21 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 984 22 bears bear VERB cblr-1746 984 23 the the DET cblr-1746 984 24 burden burden NOUN cblr-1746 984 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 984 26 proof proof NOUN cblr-1746 984 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 984 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 984 29 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 984 30 would would AUX cblr-1746 984 31 be be AUX cblr-1746 984 32 forced force VERB cblr-1746 984 33 to to PART cblr-1746 984 34 internalize internalize VERB cblr-1746 984 35 these these DET cblr-1746 984 36 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 984 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 985 1 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 985 2 such such ADJ cblr-1746 985 3 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 985 4 might might AUX cblr-1746 985 5 be be AUX cblr-1746 985 6 thought think VERB cblr-1746 985 7 to to PART cblr-1746 985 8 externalize externalize VERB cblr-1746 985 9 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 985 10 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 985 11 onto onto ADP cblr-1746 985 12 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 985 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 985 14 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 985 15 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 985 16 the the DET cblr-1746 985 17 placement placement NOUN cblr-1746 985 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 985 19 the the DET cblr-1746 985 20 evidentiary evidentiary ADJ cblr-1746 985 21 burden burden NOUN cblr-1746 985 22 impacts impact NOUN cblr-1746 985 23 that that DET cblr-1746 985 24 assessment assessment NOUN cblr-1746 985 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 986 1 even even ADV cblr-1746 986 2 in in ADP cblr-1746 986 3 the the DET cblr-1746 986 4 context context NOUN cblr-1746 986 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 986 6 blackmail blackmail NOUN cblr-1746 986 7 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 986 8 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 986 9 which which PRON cblr-1746 986 10 are be AUX cblr-1746 986 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 986 12 debatable debatable ADJ cblr-1746 986 13 theoretical266 theoretical266 PROPN cblr-1746 986 14 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 986 15 empirical267 empirical267 PROPN cblr-1746 986 16 grounding grounding NOUN cblr-1746 986 17 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 986 18 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 986 19 would would AUX cblr-1746 986 20 be be AUX cblr-1746 986 21 able able ADJ cblr-1746 986 22 to to PART cblr-1746 986 23 discount discount VERB cblr-1746 986 24 the the DET cblr-1746 986 25 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 986 26 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 986 27 potentially potentially ADV cblr-1746 986 28 astronomical astronomical ADJ cblr-1746 986 29 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 986 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 986 31 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 986 32 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 986 33 defenses defense NOUN cblr-1746 986 34 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 986 35 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 986 36 by by ADP cblr-1746 986 37 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 986 38 credibly credibly ADV cblr-1746 986 39 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 986 40 threatening threaten VERB cblr-1746 986 41 to to PART cblr-1746 986 42 require require VERB cblr-1746 986 43 the the DET cblr-1746 986 44 class class NOUN cblr-1746 986 45 to to PART cblr-1746 986 46 meet meet VERB cblr-1746 986 47 its its PRON cblr-1746 986 48 evidentiary evidentiary ADJ cblr-1746 986 49 burden burden NOUN cblr-1746 986 50 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 986 51 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 986 52 the the DET cblr-1746 986 53 attendant attendant ADJ cblr-1746 986 54 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 986 55 costs).268 costs).268 PROPN cblr-1746 986 56 even even ADV cblr-1746 986 57 under under ADP cblr-1746 986 58 a a DET cblr-1746 986 59 deferential deferential ADJ cblr-1746 986 60 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 986 61 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 986 62 class class NOUN cblr-1746 986 63 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 986 64 might might AUX cblr-1746 986 65 be be AUX cblr-1746 986 66 compelled compel VERB cblr-1746 986 67 to to PART cblr-1746 986 68 internalize internalize VERB cblr-1746 986 69 the the DET cblr-1746 986 70 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 986 71 of of ADP cblr-1746 986 72 expanding expand VERB cblr-1746 986 73 the the DET cblr-1746 986 74 external external ADJ cblr-1746 986 75 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 986 76 of of ADP cblr-1746 986 77 their their PRON cblr-1746 986 78 class class NOUN cblr-1746 986 79 action action NOUN cblr-1746 986 80 ex ex X cblr-1746 986 81 ante.269 ante.269 PROPN cblr-1746 986 82 265 265 NUM cblr-1746 986 83 in in ADP cblr-1746 986 84 re re NOUN cblr-1746 986 85 am be AUX cblr-1746 986 86 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 987 1 express express ADJ cblr-1746 987 2 merchants merchant NOUN cblr-1746 987 3 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 987 4 litig litig NOUN cblr-1746 987 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 988 1 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 988 2 634 634 NUM cblr-1746 988 3 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 988 4 187 187 NUM cblr-1746 988 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 988 6 198 198 NUM cblr-1746 988 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 988 8 2d 2d NUM cblr-1746 988 9 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 988 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 988 11 2011 2011 NUM cblr-1746 988 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 988 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 988 14 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 988 15 [ [ X cblr-1746 988 16 e]ven e]ven NOUN cblr-1746 988 17 a a DET cblr-1746 988 18 relatively relatively ADV cblr-1746 988 19 small small ADJ cblr-1746 988 20 economic economic ADJ cblr-1746 988 21 antitrust antitrust ADJ cblr-1746 988 22 study study NOUN cblr-1746 988 23 will will AUX cblr-1746 988 24 cost cost VERB cblr-1746 988 25 at at ADP cblr-1746 988 26 least least ADJ cblr-1746 988 27 several several ADJ cblr-1746 988 28 hundred hundred NUM cblr-1746 988 29 thousand thousand NUM cblr-1746 988 30 dollars dollar NOUN cblr-1746 988 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 988 32 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 988 33 a a DET cblr-1746 988 34 larger large ADJ cblr-1746 988 35 study study NOUN cblr-1746 988 36 can can AUX cblr-1746 988 37 easily easily ADV cblr-1746 988 38 exceed exceed VERB cblr-1746 988 39 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 988 40 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 988 41 million million NUM cblr-1746 988 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 988 43 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 988 44 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 988 45 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 989 1 266 266 NUM cblr-1746 989 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 989 3 alexandra alexandra PROPN cblr-1746 989 4 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 989 5 lahav lahav PROPN cblr-1746 989 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 989 7 the the DET cblr-1746 989 8 curse curse NOUN cblr-1746 989 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 989 10 bigness bigness ADJ cblr-1746 989 11 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 989 12 the the DET cblr-1746 989 13 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 989 14 size size NOUN cblr-1746 989 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 989 16 class class NOUN cblr-1746 989 17 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 989 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 989 19 63 63 NUM cblr-1746 989 20 vand vand NOUN cblr-1746 989 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 990 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 990 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 990 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 991 1 en en PROPN cblr-1746 991 2 banc banc PROPN cblr-1746 991 3 117 117 NUM cblr-1746 991 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 991 5 127 127 NUM cblr-1746 991 6 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 991 7 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 991 8 [ [ X cblr-1746 991 9 t]he t]he ADJ cblr-1746 991 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 991 11 action action NOUN cblr-1746 991 12 is be AUX cblr-1746 991 13 intended intend VERB cblr-1746 991 14 to to PART cblr-1746 991 15 force force VERB cblr-1746 991 16 the the DET cblr-1746 991 17 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 991 18 to to PART cblr-1746 991 19 account account VERB cblr-1746 991 20 for for ADP cblr-1746 991 21 all all DET cblr-1746 991 22 the the DET cblr-1746 991 23 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 991 24 it it PRON cblr-1746 991 25 caused cause VERB cblr-1746 991 26 a a DET cblr-1746 991 27 group group NOUN cblr-1746 991 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 991 29 claimants claimant NOUN cblr-1746 991 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 992 1 the the DET cblr-1746 992 2 potential potential NOUN cblr-1746 992 3 for for ADP cblr-1746 992 4 enormous enormous ADJ cblr-1746 992 5 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 992 6 awards award NOUN cblr-1746 992 7 does do AUX cblr-1746 992 8 not not PART cblr-1746 992 9 give give VERB cblr-1746 992 10 the the DET cblr-1746 992 11 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 992 12 a a DET cblr-1746 992 13 get get VERB cblr-1746 992 14 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 992 15 out out ADP cblr-1746 992 16 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 992 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 992 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 992 19 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 992 20 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 992 21 free free ADJ cblr-1746 992 22 card card NOUN cblr-1746 992 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 993 1 a a DET cblr-1746 993 2 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 993 3 against against ADP cblr-1746 993 4 large large ADJ cblr-1746 993 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 993 6 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 993 7 would would AUX cblr-1746 993 8 merely merely ADV cblr-1746 993 9 encourage encourage VERB cblr-1746 993 10 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 993 11 to to PART cblr-1746 993 12 think think VERB cblr-1746 993 13 big big ADJ cblr-1746 993 14 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 993 15 they they PRON cblr-1746 993 16 violate violate VERB cblr-1746 993 17 the the DET cblr-1746 993 18 law law NOUN cblr-1746 993 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 993 20 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 993 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 993 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 994 1 267 267 NUM cblr-1746 994 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 994 3 allan allan PROPN cblr-1746 994 4 kanner kanner PROPN cblr-1746 994 5 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 994 6 tibor tibor PROPN cblr-1746 994 7 nagy nagy PROPN cblr-1746 994 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 994 9 exploding explode VERB cblr-1746 994 10 the the DET cblr-1746 994 11 blackmail blackmail NOUN cblr-1746 994 12 myth myth NOUN cblr-1746 994 13 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 994 14 a a DET cblr-1746 994 15 new new ADJ cblr-1746 994 16 perspective perspective NOUN cblr-1746 994 17 on on ADP cblr-1746 994 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 994 19 action action NOUN cblr-1746 994 20 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 994 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 994 22 57 57 NUM cblr-1746 994 23 baylor baylor PROPN cblr-1746 994 24 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 994 25 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 994 26 . . PROPN cblr-1746 994 27 681 681 NUM cblr-1746 994 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 994 29 693 693 NUM cblr-1746 994 30 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 994 31 95 95 NUM cblr-1746 994 32 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 994 33 2005 2005 NUM cblr-1746 994 34 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 994 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 995 1 268 268 NUM cblr-1746 995 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 995 3 infra infra NOUN cblr-1746 995 4 part part NOUN cblr-1746 995 5 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 995 6 269 269 NUM cblr-1746 995 7 the the DET cblr-1746 995 8 longstanding longstanding ADJ cblr-1746 995 9 debate debate NOUN cblr-1746 995 10 over over ADP cblr-1746 995 11 blackmail blackmail NOUN cblr-1746 995 12 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 995 13 is be AUX cblr-1746 995 14 beyond beyond ADP cblr-1746 995 15 the the DET cblr-1746 995 16 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 995 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 995 18 this this DET cblr-1746 995 19 inquiry inquiry NOUN cblr-1746 995 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 996 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 996 2 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 996 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 996 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 996 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 996 6 bruce bruce PROPN cblr-1746 996 7 hay hay PROPN cblr-1746 996 8 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 996 9 david david PROPN cblr-1746 996 10 rosenberg rosenberg PROPN cblr-1746 996 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 996 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 996 13 sweetheart sweetheart NOUN cblr-1746 996 14 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 996 15 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 996 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 996 17 blackmail blackmail NOUN cblr-1746 996 18 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 996 19 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 996 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 996 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 996 22 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 996 23 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 996 24 reality reality NOUN cblr-1746 996 25 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 996 26 remedy remedy NOUN cblr-1746 996 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 996 28 75 75 NUM cblr-1746 996 29 notre notre PROPN cblr-1746 996 30 dame dame PROPN cblr-1746 996 31 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 996 32 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 996 33 . . PROPN cblr-1746 996 34 1377 1377 NUM cblr-1746 996 35 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 996 36 2000 2000 NUM cblr-1746 996 37 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 996 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 997 1 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 997 2 blackmail blackmail NOUN cblr-1746 997 3 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 997 4 is be AUX cblr-1746 997 5 a a DET cblr-1746 997 6 genuine genuine ADJ cblr-1746 997 7 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 997 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 997 9 it it PRON cblr-1746 997 10 is be AUX cblr-1746 997 11 not not PART cblr-1746 997 12 a a DET cblr-1746 997 13 germane germane NOUN cblr-1746 997 14 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 997 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 998 1 that that PRON cblr-1746 998 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 998 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 998 4 the the DET cblr-1746 998 5 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 998 6 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 998 7 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 998 8 prescriptions prescription NOUN cblr-1746 998 9 do do AUX cblr-1746 998 10 not not PART cblr-1746 998 11 spring spring VERB cblr-1746 998 12 blackmail blackmail NOUN cblr-1746 998 13 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 998 14 into into ADP cblr-1746 998 15 existence existence NOUN cblr-1746 998 16 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 998 17 they they PRON cblr-1746 998 18 did do AUX cblr-1746 998 19 not not PART cblr-1746 998 20 once once ADV cblr-1746 998 21 exist exist VERB cblr-1746 998 22 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 998 23 rather rather ADV cblr-1746 998 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 998 25 the the DET cblr-1746 998 26 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 998 27 might might AUX cblr-1746 998 28 be be AUX cblr-1746 998 29 said say VERB cblr-1746 998 30 to to PART cblr-1746 998 31 augment augment VERB cblr-1746 998 32 the the DET cblr-1746 998 33 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 998 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 998 35 this this DET cblr-1746 998 36 pre pre ADJ cblr-1746 998 37 - - ADJ cblr-1746 998 38 existing exist VERB cblr-1746 998 39 background background NOUN cblr-1746 998 40 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 998 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 999 1 more more ADV cblr-1746 999 2 fundamentally fundamentally ADV cblr-1746 999 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 999 4 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 999 5 to to ADP cblr-1746 999 6 the the DET cblr-1746 999 7 extent extent NOUN cblr-1746 999 8 that that PRON cblr-1746 999 9 blackmail blackmail NOUN cblr-1746 999 10 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 999 11 is be AUX cblr-1746 999 12 a a DET cblr-1746 999 13 genuine genuine ADJ cblr-1746 999 14 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 999 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 999 16 it it PRON cblr-1746 999 17 is be AUX cblr-1746 999 18 inextricably inextricably ADV cblr-1746 999 19 linked link VERB cblr-1746 999 20 to to ADP cblr-1746 999 21 the the DET cblr-1746 999 22 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 999 23 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 999 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 999 25 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 999 26 will will AUX cblr-1746 999 27 parkinson parkinson VERB cblr-1746 999 28 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 999 29 final final ADJ cblr-1746 999 30 no no NOUN cblr-1746 999 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1000 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 1000 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 1000 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1000 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1000 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 1000 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1000 7 807 807 NUM cblr-1746 1000 8 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 1000 9 exchanging exchange VERB cblr-1746 1000 10 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 1000 11 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 1000 12 for for ADP cblr-1746 1000 13 external external ADJ cblr-1746 1000 14 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 1000 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1000 16 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1000 17 are be AUX cblr-1746 1000 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1000 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 1000 20 course course NOUN cblr-1746 1000 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1000 22 not not PART cblr-1746 1000 23 literally literally ADV cblr-1746 1000 24 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1000 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1001 1 among among ADP cblr-1746 1001 2 the the DET cblr-1746 1001 3 differences difference NOUN cblr-1746 1001 4 between between ADP cblr-1746 1001 5 the the DET cblr-1746 1001 6 two two NUM cblr-1746 1001 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1001 8 one one NUM cblr-1746 1001 9 merits merit VERB cblr-1746 1001 10 particular particular ADJ cblr-1746 1001 11 attention attention NOUN cblr-1746 1001 12 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1001 13 the the DET cblr-1746 1001 14 role role NOUN cblr-1746 1001 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 1001 16 contracting contracting NOUN cblr-1746 1001 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1001 18 the the DET cblr-1746 1001 19 ex ex NOUN cblr-1746 1001 20 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 1001 21 process process NOUN cblr-1746 1001 22 by by ADP cblr-1746 1001 23 which which PRON cblr-1746 1001 24 market market NOUN cblr-1746 1001 25 participants participant NOUN cblr-1746 1001 26 come come VERB cblr-1746 1001 27 to to PART cblr-1746 1001 28 transact transact VERB cblr-1746 1001 29 within within ADP cblr-1746 1001 30 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1001 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1002 1 contracting contracting NOUN cblr-1746 1002 2 allows allow VERB cblr-1746 1002 3 markets market NOUN cblr-1746 1002 4 to to PART cblr-1746 1002 5 calibrate calibrate VERB cblr-1746 1002 6 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1002 7 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1002 8 ensures ensure NOUN cblr-1746 1002 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1002 10 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1002 11 aims aim VERB cblr-1746 1002 12 to to PART cblr-1746 1002 13 ensure ensure VERB cblr-1746 1002 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1002 15 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1002 16 transactions transaction NOUN cblr-1746 1002 17 can can AUX cblr-1746 1002 18 not not PART cblr-1746 1002 19 be be AUX cblr-1746 1002 20 conducted conduct VERB cblr-1746 1002 21 at at ADP cblr-1746 1002 22 a a DET cblr-1746 1002 23 lower low ADJ cblr-1746 1002 24 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1002 25 outside outside ADP cblr-1746 1002 26 the the DET cblr-1746 1002 27 firm.270 firm.270 NOUN cblr-1746 1002 28 that that PRON cblr-1746 1002 29 dynamic dynamic ADJ cblr-1746 1002 30 breaks break NOUN cblr-1746 1002 31 down down ADP cblr-1746 1002 32 in in ADP cblr-1746 1002 33 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1002 34 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1002 35 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 1002 36 there there PRON cblr-1746 1002 37 is be VERB cblr-1746 1002 38 no no DET cblr-1746 1002 39 ex ex NOUN cblr-1746 1002 40 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 1002 41 contracting contracting NOUN cblr-1746 1002 42 between between ADP cblr-1746 1002 43 sell sell VERB cblr-1746 1002 44 out out ADP cblr-1746 1002 45 the the DET cblr-1746 1002 46 value value NOUN cblr-1746 1002 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 1002 48 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1002 49 members member NOUN cblr-1746 1002 50 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 1002 51 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1002 52 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1003 1 to to PART cblr-1746 1003 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 1003 3 why why SCONJ cblr-1746 1003 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1003 5 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 1003 6 the the DET cblr-1746 1003 7 validity validity NOUN cblr-1746 1003 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 1003 9 a a DET cblr-1746 1003 10 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1003 11 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1003 12 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1003 13 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1003 14 it it PRON cblr-1746 1003 15 was be AUX cblr-1746 1003 16 blackmailed blackmail VERB cblr-1746 1003 17 into into ADP cblr-1746 1003 18 settling settle VERB cblr-1746 1003 19 for for ADP cblr-1746 1003 20 an an DET cblr-1746 1003 21 amount amount NOUN cblr-1746 1003 22 nearing near VERB cblr-1746 1003 23 the the DET cblr-1746 1003 24 full full ADJ cblr-1746 1003 25 value value NOUN cblr-1746 1003 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 1003 27 a a DET cblr-1746 1003 28 putative putative ADJ cblr-1746 1003 29 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1003 30 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1003 31 versus versus ADP cblr-1746 1003 32 a a DET cblr-1746 1003 33 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1003 34 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1003 35 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1003 36 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1003 37 it it PRON cblr-1746 1003 38 was be AUX cblr-1746 1003 39 blackmailed blackmail VERB cblr-1746 1003 40 into into ADP cblr-1746 1003 41 settling settle VERB cblr-1746 1003 42 at at ADP cblr-1746 1003 43 a a DET cblr-1746 1003 44 relatively relatively ADV cblr-1746 1003 45 small small ADJ cblr-1746 1003 46 per per ADP cblr-1746 1003 47 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1003 48 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1003 49 value value NOUN cblr-1746 1003 50 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 1 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 1004 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 1004 3 hay hay PROPN cblr-1746 1004 4 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1004 5 rosenberg rosenberg PROPN cblr-1746 1004 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 7 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1004 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 9 at at ADP cblr-1746 1004 10 1377–78 1377–78 PROPN cblr-1746 1004 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 12 arguing argue VERB cblr-1746 1004 13 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1004 14 the the DET cblr-1746 1004 15 risks risk NOUN cblr-1746 1004 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 1004 17 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 18 blackmail blackmail NOUN cblr-1746 1004 19 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 20 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1004 21 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 22 sweetheart sweetheart NOUN cblr-1746 1004 23 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 24 settlements settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1004 25 are be AUX cblr-1746 1004 26 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 27 conflict[ing conflict[e VERB cblr-1746 1004 28 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 29 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 30 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 31 mirror mirror NOUN cblr-1746 1004 32 images image NOUN cblr-1746 1004 33 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 1004 35 one one NUM cblr-1746 1004 36 another another DET cblr-1746 1004 37 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1004 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1005 1 both both CCONJ cblr-1746 1005 2 the the DET cblr-1746 1005 3 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1005 4 sellout sellout NOUN cblr-1746 1005 5 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1005 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1005 7 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1005 8 blackmail blackmail NOUN cblr-1746 1005 9 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1005 10 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1005 11 concerns concern NOUN cblr-1746 1005 12 turn turn VERB cblr-1746 1005 13 on on ADP cblr-1746 1005 14 the the DET cblr-1746 1005 15 assumption assumption NOUN cblr-1746 1005 16 that that PRON cblr-1746 1005 17 foul foul ADV cblr-1746 1005 18 play play NOUN cblr-1746 1005 19 at at ADP cblr-1746 1005 20 the the DET cblr-1746 1005 21 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1005 22 stage stage NOUN cblr-1746 1005 23 will will AUX cblr-1746 1005 24 generate generate VERB cblr-1746 1005 25 an an DET cblr-1746 1005 26 outcome outcome NOUN cblr-1746 1005 27 that that PRON cblr-1746 1005 28 is be AUX cblr-1746 1005 29 not not PART cblr-1746 1005 30 reflective reflective ADJ cblr-1746 1005 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 1005 32 the the DET cblr-1746 1005 33 merits merit NOUN cblr-1746 1005 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 1005 35 the the DET cblr-1746 1005 36 case case NOUN cblr-1746 1005 37 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1005 38 that that PRON cblr-1746 1005 39 reflects reflect VERB cblr-1746 1005 40 a a DET cblr-1746 1005 41 detectably detectably ADV cblr-1746 1005 42 lower low ADJ cblr-1746 1005 43 per per ADP cblr-1746 1005 44 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1005 45 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1005 46 value value NOUN cblr-1746 1005 47 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1006 1 this this DET cblr-1746 1006 2 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 1006 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 1006 4 not not PART cblr-1746 1006 5 without without ADP cblr-1746 1006 6 merit merit NOUN cblr-1746 1006 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1007 1 external external ADJ cblr-1746 1007 2 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 1007 3 coupled couple VERB cblr-1746 1007 4 with with ADP cblr-1746 1007 5 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 1007 6 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 1007 7 may may AUX cblr-1746 1007 8 augment augment VERB cblr-1746 1007 9 the the DET cblr-1746 1007 10 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 1007 11 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1007 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1007 13 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1007 14 will will AUX cblr-1746 1007 15 sell sell VERB cblr-1746 1007 16 out out ADP cblr-1746 1007 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1007 18 value value NOUN cblr-1746 1007 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 1007 20 the the DET cblr-1746 1007 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1007 22 members member NOUN cblr-1746 1007 23 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 1007 24 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 1007 25 interests interest NOUN cblr-1746 1007 26 in in ADP cblr-1746 1007 27 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1007 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1008 1 that that PRON cblr-1746 1008 2 said say VERB cblr-1746 1008 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1008 4 several several ADJ cblr-1746 1008 5 factors factor NOUN cblr-1746 1008 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1008 7 each each PRON cblr-1746 1008 8 relating relate VERB cblr-1746 1008 9 to to ADP cblr-1746 1008 10 the the DET cblr-1746 1008 11 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1008 12 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1008 13 centric centric ADJ cblr-1746 1008 14 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1008 15 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1008 16 complete complete ADJ cblr-1746 1008 17 treatment treatment NOUN cblr-1746 1008 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 1008 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1008 20 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1008 21 as as ADP cblr-1746 1008 22 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1008 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1008 24 mitigate mitigate VERB cblr-1746 1008 25 this this DET cblr-1746 1008 26 concern concern NOUN cblr-1746 1008 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1009 1 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 1009 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1009 3 the the DET cblr-1746 1009 4 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 1009 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 1009 6 undervaluing undervalue VERB cblr-1746 1009 7 a a DET cblr-1746 1009 8 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1009 9 at at ADP cblr-1746 1009 10 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1009 11 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1009 12 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 1009 13 labeled label VERB cblr-1746 1009 14 as as ADP cblr-1746 1009 15 a a DET cblr-1746 1009 16 blackmail blackmail NOUN cblr-1746 1009 17 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1009 18 sellout sellout NOUN cblr-1746 1009 19 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1009 20 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1009 21 simply simply ADV cblr-1746 1009 22 begs beg VERB cblr-1746 1009 23 the the DET cblr-1746 1009 24 question question NOUN cblr-1746 1009 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 1009 26 what what PRON cblr-1746 1009 27 mistakes mistake NOUN cblr-1746 1009 28 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1009 29 should should AUX cblr-1746 1009 30 make make VERB cblr-1746 1009 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1010 1 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1010 2 are be AUX cblr-1746 1010 3 not not PART cblr-1746 1010 4 well well ADV cblr-1746 1010 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1010 6 suited suit VERB cblr-1746 1010 7 to to PART cblr-1746 1010 8 address address VERB cblr-1746 1010 9 mistakes mistake NOUN cblr-1746 1010 10 concerning concern VERB cblr-1746 1010 11 external external ADJ cblr-1746 1010 12 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 1010 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1011 1 by by ADP cblr-1746 1011 2 contrast contrast NOUN cblr-1746 1011 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1011 4 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1011 5 have have AUX cblr-1746 1011 6 built build VERB cblr-1746 1011 7 up up ADP cblr-1746 1011 8 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 1011 9 expertise expertise NOUN cblr-1746 1011 10 in in ADP cblr-1746 1011 11 monitoring monitor VERB cblr-1746 1011 12 the the DET cblr-1746 1011 13 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 1011 14 workings working NOUN cblr-1746 1011 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 1011 16 both both DET cblr-1746 1011 17 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1011 18 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1011 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1011 20 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1011 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1012 1 in in ADP cblr-1746 1012 2 this this DET cblr-1746 1012 3 way way NOUN cblr-1746 1012 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1012 5 even even ADV cblr-1746 1012 6 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1012 7 might might AUX cblr-1746 1012 8 benefit benefit VERB cblr-1746 1012 9 from from ADP cblr-1746 1012 10 the the DET cblr-1746 1012 11 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1012 12 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1012 13 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1012 14 intense intense ADJ cblr-1746 1012 15 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 1012 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 1012 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1012 18 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 1012 19 workings working NOUN cblr-1746 1012 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 1012 21 the the DET cblr-1746 1012 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1012 23 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1012 24 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1012 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1012 26 ultimately ultimately ADV cblr-1746 1012 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1012 28 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1012 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1013 1 more more ADV cblr-1746 1013 2 fundamentally fundamentally ADV cblr-1746 1013 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1013 4 one one PRON cblr-1746 1013 5 may may AUX cblr-1746 1013 6 object object VERB cblr-1746 1013 7 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1013 8 the the DET cblr-1746 1013 9 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1013 10 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1013 11 speaks speak VERB cblr-1746 1013 12 only only ADV cblr-1746 1013 13 to to ADP cblr-1746 1013 14 the the DET cblr-1746 1013 15 incentives incentive NOUN cblr-1746 1013 16 facing face VERB cblr-1746 1013 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1013 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1013 19 counselor counselor NOUN cblr-1746 1013 20 who who PRON cblr-1746 1013 21 intends intend VERB cblr-1746 1013 22 to to PART cblr-1746 1013 23 litigate litigate VERB cblr-1746 1013 24 a a DET cblr-1746 1013 25 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1013 26 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1013 27 to to ADP cblr-1746 1013 28 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 1013 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1014 1 not not PART cblr-1746 1014 2 necessarily necessarily ADV cblr-1746 1014 3 so so ADV cblr-1746 1014 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1015 1 importantly importantly ADV cblr-1746 1015 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1015 3 the the DET cblr-1746 1015 4 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1015 5 should should AUX cblr-1746 1015 6 serve serve VERB cblr-1746 1015 7 as as ADP cblr-1746 1015 8 a a DET cblr-1746 1015 9 market market NOUN cblr-1746 1015 10 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1015 11 mimicking mimic VERB cblr-1746 1015 12 force force NOUN cblr-1746 1015 13 that that PRON cblr-1746 1015 14 compels compel VERB cblr-1746 1015 15 the the DET cblr-1746 1015 16 settlementminded settlementminded ADJ cblr-1746 1015 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1015 18 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1015 19 to to PART cblr-1746 1015 20 internalize internalize VERB cblr-1746 1015 21 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1015 22 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1015 23 at at ADP cblr-1746 1015 24 a a DET cblr-1746 1015 25 minimum minimum ADJ cblr-1746 1015 26 recognize recognize NOUN cblr-1746 1015 27 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1015 28 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1015 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1016 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 1016 2 kanner kanner PROPN cblr-1746 1016 3 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1016 4 nagy nagy PROPN cblr-1746 1016 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1016 6 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1016 7 note note NOUN cblr-1746 1016 8 267 267 NUM cblr-1746 1016 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1016 10 at at ADP cblr-1746 1016 11 693–95 693–95 NUM cblr-1746 1016 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1017 1 270 270 NUM cblr-1746 1017 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 1017 3 coase coase NOUN cblr-1746 1017 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1017 5 the the DET cblr-1746 1017 6 nature nature NOUN cblr-1746 1017 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 1017 8 the the DET cblr-1746 1017 9 firm firm NOUN cblr-1746 1017 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1017 11 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1017 12 note note NOUN cblr-1746 1017 13 93 93 NUM cblr-1746 1017 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1017 15 at at ADP cblr-1746 1017 16 42–44 42–44 PROPN cblr-1746 1017 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1018 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1018 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1018 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1018 4 808 808 NUM cblr-1746 1018 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 1018 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 1018 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 1018 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 1019 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 1019 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 1019 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 1019 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 1019 5 ownership ownership NOUN cblr-1746 1019 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1019 7 management.271 management.271 VERB cblr-1746 1019 8 this this DET cblr-1746 1019 9 descriptive descriptive ADJ cblr-1746 1019 10 shortcoming shortcoming NOUN cblr-1746 1019 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 1019 12 the the DET cblr-1746 1019 13 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1019 14 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1019 15 is be AUX cblr-1746 1019 16 not not PART cblr-1746 1019 17 insignificant insignificant ADJ cblr-1746 1019 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1020 1 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 1020 2 the the DET cblr-1746 1020 3 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1020 4 prescribes prescribe VERB cblr-1746 1020 5 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 1020 6 to to ADP cblr-1746 1020 7 the the DET cblr-1746 1020 8 size size NOUN cblr-1746 1020 9 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1020 10 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 1020 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 1020 12 a a DET cblr-1746 1020 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1020 14 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1020 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1020 16 unscrupulous unscrupulous ADJ cblr-1746 1020 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1020 18 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1020 19 may may AUX cblr-1746 1020 20 overreach overreach VERB cblr-1746 1020 21 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1020 22 form form NOUN cblr-1746 1020 23 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 1020 24 comprised comprise VERB cblr-1746 1020 25 of of ADP cblr-1746 1020 26 members member NOUN cblr-1746 1020 27 whose whose DET cblr-1746 1020 28 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 1020 29 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1020 30 hardly hardly ADV cblr-1746 1020 31 resemble resemble VERB cblr-1746 1020 32 one one NUM cblr-1746 1020 33 another another DET cblr-1746 1020 34 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1021 1 absent absent ADJ cblr-1746 1021 2 ex ex PRON cblr-1746 1021 3 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 1021 4 contracting contracting NOUN cblr-1746 1021 5 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1021 6 regulatory regulatory ADJ cblr-1746 1021 7 constraints constraint NOUN cblr-1746 1021 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1021 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1021 10 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1021 11 may may AUX cblr-1746 1021 12 capture capture VERB cblr-1746 1021 13 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1021 14 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1021 15 obviously obviously ADV cblr-1746 1021 16 do do AUX cblr-1746 1021 17 not not PART cblr-1746 1021 18 belong belong VERB cblr-1746 1021 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1022 1 relatedly relatedly ADV cblr-1746 1022 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1022 3 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 1022 4 may may AUX cblr-1746 1022 5 also also ADV cblr-1746 1022 6 permit permit VERB cblr-1746 1022 7 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1022 8 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1022 9 to to PART cblr-1746 1022 10 bind bind VERB cblr-1746 1022 11 unwitting unwitting ADJ cblr-1746 1022 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1022 13 members member NOUN cblr-1746 1022 14 who who PRON cblr-1746 1022 15 would would AUX cblr-1746 1022 16 be be AUX cblr-1746 1022 17 unwilling unwilling ADJ cblr-1746 1022 18 to to PART cblr-1746 1022 19 contract contract VERB cblr-1746 1022 20 ex ex PRON cblr-1746 1022 21 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 1022 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1023 1 fortunately fortunately ADV cblr-1746 1023 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1023 3 treating treat VERB cblr-1746 1023 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1023 5 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1023 6 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 1023 7 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1023 8 allays allay VERB cblr-1746 1023 9 this this DET cblr-1746 1023 10 descriptive descriptive ADJ cblr-1746 1023 11 shortcoming shortcoming NOUN cblr-1746 1023 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1024 1 that that PRON cblr-1746 1024 2 is is ADV cblr-1746 1024 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1024 4 by by ADP cblr-1746 1024 5 embracing embrace VERB cblr-1746 1024 6 the the DET cblr-1746 1024 7 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1024 8 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1024 9 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1024 10 its its PRON cblr-1746 1024 11 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 1024 12 entailments entailment NOUN cblr-1746 1024 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1024 14 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1024 15 can can AUX cblr-1746 1024 16 exchange exchange VERB cblr-1746 1024 17 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 1024 18 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 1024 19 for for ADP cblr-1746 1024 20 external external ADJ cblr-1746 1024 21 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 1024 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1024 23 which which PRON cblr-1746 1024 24 will will AUX cblr-1746 1024 25 often often ADV cblr-1746 1024 26 yield yield VERB cblr-1746 1024 27 results result NOUN cblr-1746 1024 28 that that PRON cblr-1746 1024 29 resemble resemble VERB cblr-1746 1024 30 what what PRON cblr-1746 1024 31 might might AUX cblr-1746 1024 32 have have AUX cblr-1746 1024 33 taken take VERB cblr-1746 1024 34 place place NOUN cblr-1746 1024 35 were be AUX cblr-1746 1024 36 ex ex NOUN cblr-1746 1024 37 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 1024 38 contracting contracting NOUN cblr-1746 1024 39 available available ADJ cblr-1746 1024 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1025 1 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 1025 2 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 1025 3 can can AUX cblr-1746 1025 4 compel compel VERB cblr-1746 1025 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1025 6 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1025 7 to to PART cblr-1746 1025 8 internalize internalize VERB cblr-1746 1025 9 the the DET cblr-1746 1025 10 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1025 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 1025 12 including include VERB cblr-1746 1025 13 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 1025 14 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1025 15 in in ADP cblr-1746 1025 16 their their PRON cblr-1746 1025 17 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1025 18 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1025 19 particularly particularly ADV cblr-1746 1025 20 by by ADP cblr-1746 1025 21 carefully carefully ADV cblr-1746 1025 22 calibrating calibrate VERB cblr-1746 1025 23 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1025 24 structures structure NOUN cblr-1746 1025 25 prior prior ADV cblr-1746 1025 26 to to ADP cblr-1746 1025 27 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1025 28 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1025 29 judgment judgment NOUN cblr-1746 1025 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1026 1 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 1026 2 the the DET cblr-1746 1026 3 relationship relationship NOUN cblr-1746 1026 4 between between ADP cblr-1746 1026 5 one one NUM cblr-1746 1026 6 area area NOUN cblr-1746 1026 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 1026 8 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 1026 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 1026 10 which which PRON cblr-1746 1026 11 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1026 12 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 1026 13 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 1026 14 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 1026 15 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1026 16 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 1026 17 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1026 18 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1026 19 one one NUM cblr-1746 1026 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 1026 21 which which PRON cblr-1746 1026 22 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1026 23 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 1026 24 very very ADV cblr-1746 1026 25 little little ADJ cblr-1746 1026 26 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 1026 27 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1026 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1026 29 size size NOUN cblr-1746 1026 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1027 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1027 2 size size NOUN cblr-1746 1027 3 clearly clearly ADV cblr-1746 1027 4 relates relate VERB cblr-1746 1027 5 to to ADP cblr-1746 1027 6 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 1027 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1027 8 which which PRON cblr-1746 1027 9 is be AUX cblr-1746 1027 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1027 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 1027 12 part part NOUN cblr-1746 1027 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1027 14 a a DET cblr-1746 1027 15 function function NOUN cblr-1746 1027 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 1027 17 total total ADJ cblr-1746 1027 18 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1027 19 awarded award VERB cblr-1746 1027 20 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1027 21 the the DET cblr-1746 1027 22 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1027 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 1027 24 obtaining obtain VERB cblr-1746 1027 25 that that DET cblr-1746 1027 26 award award NOUN cblr-1746 1027 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1028 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1028 2 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1028 3 faces face VERB cblr-1746 1028 4 several several ADJ cblr-1746 1028 5 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1028 6 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 1028 7 considering consider VERB cblr-1746 1028 8 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 1028 9 to to PART cblr-1746 1028 10 increase increase VERB cblr-1746 1028 11 the the DET cblr-1746 1028 12 size size NOUN cblr-1746 1028 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 1028 14 a a DET cblr-1746 1028 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1028 16 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1028 17 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1029 1 some some DET cblr-1746 1029 2 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1029 3 are be AUX cblr-1746 1029 4 spread spread VERB cblr-1746 1029 5 evenly evenly ADV cblr-1746 1029 6 across across ADP cblr-1746 1029 7 each each DET cblr-1746 1029 8 additional additional ADJ cblr-1746 1029 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1029 10 member member NOUN cblr-1746 1029 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1029 12 regardless regardless ADV cblr-1746 1029 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 1029 14 the the DET cblr-1746 1029 15 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1029 16 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1029 17 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1029 18 similarity similarity NOUN cblr-1746 1029 19 to to ADP cblr-1746 1029 20 the the DET cblr-1746 1029 21 rest rest NOUN cblr-1746 1029 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 1029 23 271 271 NUM cblr-1746 1029 24 see see NOUN cblr-1746 1029 25 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1029 26 note note NOUN cblr-1746 1029 27 137 137 NUM cblr-1746 1029 28 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1029 29 accompanying accompany VERB cblr-1746 1029 30 text text NOUN cblr-1746 1029 31 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1029 32 see see VERB cblr-1746 1029 33 also also ADV cblr-1746 1029 34 lahav lahav ADV cblr-1746 1029 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1029 36 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1029 37 note note NOUN cblr-1746 1029 38 34 34 NUM cblr-1746 1029 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1029 40 at at ADP cblr-1746 1029 41 92–95 92–95 NUM cblr-1746 1029 42 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1029 43 dismissing dismiss VERB cblr-1746 1029 44 the the DET cblr-1746 1029 45 notion notion NOUN cblr-1746 1029 46 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1029 47 there there PRON cblr-1746 1029 48 might might AUX cblr-1746 1029 49 be be AUX cblr-1746 1029 50 any any DET cblr-1746 1029 51 analogy analogy NOUN cblr-1746 1029 52 between between ADP cblr-1746 1029 53 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1029 54 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1029 55 jurisprudence jurisprudence NOUN cblr-1746 1029 56 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1029 57 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1029 58 corporate corporate ADJ cblr-1746 1029 59 governance governance NOUN cblr-1746 1029 60 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1029 61 due due ADP cblr-1746 1029 62 to to ADP cblr-1746 1029 63 the the DET cblr-1746 1029 64 lack lack NOUN cblr-1746 1029 65 of of ADP cblr-1746 1029 66 any any DET cblr-1746 1029 67 contract contract NOUN cblr-1746 1029 68 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1029 69 like like ADJ cblr-1746 1029 70 market market NOUN cblr-1746 1029 71 mechanisms mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 1029 72 in in ADP cblr-1746 1029 73 the the DET cblr-1746 1029 74 former former ADJ cblr-1746 1029 75 setting setting NOUN cblr-1746 1029 76 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1029 77 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1030 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 1030 2 a a DET cblr-1746 1030 3 related related ADJ cblr-1746 1030 4 discussion discussion NOUN cblr-1746 1030 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 1030 6 this this DET cblr-1746 1030 7 issue issue NOUN cblr-1746 1030 8 in in ADP cblr-1746 1030 9 the the DET cblr-1746 1030 10 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1030 11 context context NOUN cblr-1746 1030 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1030 13 see see VERB cblr-1746 1030 14 issacharoff issacharoff NOUN cblr-1746 1030 15 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1030 16 nagareda nagareda PROPN cblr-1746 1030 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1030 18 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1030 19 note note NOUN cblr-1746 1030 20 59 59 NUM cblr-1746 1030 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1030 22 at at ADP cblr-1746 1030 23 1654 1654 NUM cblr-1746 1030 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1030 25 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1030 26 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1030 27 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1030 28 further far ADV cblr-1746 1030 29 compromise compromise VERB cblr-1746 1030 30 litigant litigant NOUN cblr-1746 1030 31 autonomy autonomy NOUN cblr-1746 1030 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1030 33 for for ADP cblr-1746 1030 34 absent absent ADJ cblr-1746 1030 35 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1030 36 members member NOUN cblr-1746 1030 37 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 1030 38 express express VERB cblr-1746 1030 39 their their PRON cblr-1746 1030 40 consent consent NOUN cblr-1746 1030 41 to to ADP cblr-1746 1030 42 a a DET cblr-1746 1030 43 binding bind VERB cblr-1746 1030 44 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1030 45 not not PART cblr-1746 1030 46 affirmatively affirmatively ADV cblr-1746 1030 47 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 1030 48 only only ADV cblr-1746 1030 49 tacitly tacitly ADV cblr-1746 1030 50 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1030 51 through through ADP cblr-1746 1030 52 their their PRON cblr-1746 1030 53 failure failure NOUN cblr-1746 1030 54 to to PART cblr-1746 1030 55 withdraw withdraw VERB cblr-1746 1030 56 from from ADP cblr-1746 1030 57 the the DET cblr-1746 1030 58 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1030 59 representation representation NOUN cblr-1746 1030 60 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1030 61 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1030 62 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1030 63 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1031 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1031 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1031 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1031 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 1031 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1032 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 1032 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 1032 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1032 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1032 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 1032 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1032 7 809 809 NUM cblr-1746 1032 8 the the DET cblr-1746 1032 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1032 10 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1032 11 for for ADP cblr-1746 1032 12 example example NOUN cblr-1746 1032 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1032 14 the the DET cblr-1746 1032 15 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1032 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 1032 17 issuing issue VERB cblr-1746 1032 18 notice.272 notice.272 ADJ cblr-1746 1032 19 other other ADJ cblr-1746 1032 20 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1032 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1032 22 however however ADV cblr-1746 1032 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1032 24 vary vary VERB cblr-1746 1032 25 with with ADP cblr-1746 1032 26 the the DET cblr-1746 1032 27 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1032 28 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1032 29 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1032 30 similarity similarity NOUN cblr-1746 1032 31 to to ADP cblr-1746 1032 32 the the DET cblr-1746 1032 33 rest rest NOUN cblr-1746 1032 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 1032 35 the the DET cblr-1746 1032 36 class.273 class.273 NOUN cblr-1746 1032 37 some some PRON cblr-1746 1032 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 1032 39 these these DET cblr-1746 1032 40 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1032 41 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1032 42 are be AUX cblr-1746 1032 43 imposed impose VERB cblr-1746 1032 44 by by ADP cblr-1746 1032 45 the the DET cblr-1746 1032 46 heavy heavy ADV cblr-1746 1032 47 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1032 48 handed handed ADJ cblr-1746 1032 49 application application NOUN cblr-1746 1032 50 of of ADP cblr-1746 1032 51 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 1032 52 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 1032 53 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1033 1 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 1033 2 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1033 3 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 1033 4 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 1033 5 impose impose VERB cblr-1746 1033 6 at at ADV cblr-1746 1033 7 least least ADV cblr-1746 1033 8 two two NUM cblr-1746 1033 9 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1033 10 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1033 11 first first ADV cblr-1746 1033 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1033 13 the the DET cblr-1746 1033 14 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 1033 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 1033 16 decertification decertification NOUN cblr-1746 1033 17 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1033 18 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1033 19 second second ADV cblr-1746 1033 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1033 21 the the DET cblr-1746 1033 22 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1033 23 involved involve VERB cblr-1746 1033 24 in in ADP cblr-1746 1033 25 making make VERB cblr-1746 1033 26 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 1033 27 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1033 28 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1033 29 look look VERB cblr-1746 1033 30 like like ADP cblr-1746 1033 31 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1033 32 the the DET cblr-1746 1033 33 rest rest NOUN cblr-1746 1033 34 of of ADP cblr-1746 1033 35 the the DET cblr-1746 1033 36 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1033 37 in in ADP cblr-1746 1033 38 order order NOUN cblr-1746 1033 39 to to PART cblr-1746 1033 40 avoid avoid VERB cblr-1746 1033 41 that that DET cblr-1746 1033 42 decertification decertification NOUN cblr-1746 1033 43 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 1033 44 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1034 1 together together ADV cblr-1746 1034 2 these these DET cblr-1746 1034 3 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1034 4 shoehorning shoehorning ADJ cblr-1746 1034 5 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1034 6 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1034 7 can can AUX cblr-1746 1034 8 take take VERB cblr-1746 1034 9 many many ADJ cblr-1746 1034 10 forms form NOUN cblr-1746 1034 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1035 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 1035 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 1035 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1035 4 shoehorning shoehorning NOUN cblr-1746 1035 5 might might AUX cblr-1746 1035 6 involve involve VERB cblr-1746 1035 7 attempting attempt VERB cblr-1746 1035 8 to to PART cblr-1746 1035 9 conceal conceal VERB cblr-1746 1035 10 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 1035 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1035 12 members member NOUN cblr-1746 1035 13 from from ADP cblr-1746 1035 14 the the DET cblr-1746 1035 15 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1035 16 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1035 17 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1035 18 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1035 19 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1035 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1035 21 it it PRON cblr-1746 1035 22 might might AUX cblr-1746 1035 23 involve involve VERB cblr-1746 1035 24 the the DET cblr-1746 1035 25 opposite opposite NOUN cblr-1746 1035 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1036 1 that that PRON cblr-1746 1036 2 is is ADV cblr-1746 1036 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1036 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1036 5 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1036 6 may may AUX cblr-1746 1036 7 attempt attempt VERB cblr-1746 1036 8 to to PART cblr-1746 1036 9 convince convince VERB cblr-1746 1036 10 a a DET cblr-1746 1036 11 skeptical skeptical ADJ cblr-1746 1036 12 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1036 13 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1036 14 a a DET cblr-1746 1036 15 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1036 16 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1036 17 belongs belong VERB cblr-1746 1036 18 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1036 19 by by ADP cblr-1746 1036 20 rebutting rebut VERB cblr-1746 1036 21 allegations allegation NOUN cblr-1746 1036 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 1036 23 dissimilarity dissimilarity NOUN cblr-1746 1036 24 with with ADP cblr-1746 1036 25 high high ADJ cblr-1746 1036 26 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1036 27 skill skill NOUN cblr-1746 1036 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1036 29 highcost highcost NOUN cblr-1746 1036 30 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1036 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1036 32 exhaustive exhaustive ADJ cblr-1746 1036 33 research research NOUN cblr-1746 1036 34 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1036 35 brief brief ADJ cblr-1746 1036 36 writing writing NOUN cblr-1746 1036 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1036 38 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1036 39 expensive expensive ADJ cblr-1746 1036 40 expert expert NOUN cblr-1746 1036 41 studies study NOUN cblr-1746 1036 42 showing show VERB cblr-1746 1036 43 that that PRON cblr-1746 1036 44 ostensibly ostensibly ADV cblr-1746 1036 45 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 1036 46 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1036 47 are be AUX cblr-1746 1036 48 in in ADP cblr-1746 1036 49 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 1036 50 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1036 51 like like ADP cblr-1746 1036 52 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1036 53 the the DET cblr-1746 1036 54 others other NOUN cblr-1746 1036 55 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1037 1 separately separately ADV cblr-1746 1037 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1037 3 some some DET cblr-1746 1037 4 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1037 5 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1037 6 associated associate VERB cblr-1746 1037 7 with with ADP cblr-1746 1037 8 including include VERB cblr-1746 1037 9 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 1037 10 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1037 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 1037 12 a a DET cblr-1746 1037 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1037 14 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1037 15 are be AUX cblr-1746 1037 16 not not PART cblr-1746 1037 17 attributable attributable ADJ cblr-1746 1037 18 to to PART cblr-1746 1037 19 rule rule VERB cblr-1746 1037 20 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 1037 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1038 1 these these DET cblr-1746 1038 2 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1038 3 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1038 4 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1038 5 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1038 6 resemble resemble VERB cblr-1746 1038 7 shoehorning shoehorning NOUN cblr-1746 1038 8 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1038 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1038 10 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 1038 11 would would AUX cblr-1746 1038 12 persist persist VERB cblr-1746 1038 13 even even ADV cblr-1746 1038 14 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 1038 15 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1038 16 entirely entirely ADV cblr-1746 1038 17 vacated vacate VERB cblr-1746 1038 18 the the DET cblr-1746 1038 19 field field NOUN cblr-1746 1038 20 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1038 21 no no DET cblr-1746 1038 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1038 23 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1038 24 were be AUX cblr-1746 1038 25 ever ever ADV cblr-1746 1038 26 decertified decertifie VERB cblr-1746 1038 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1039 1 examples example NOUN cblr-1746 1039 2 include include VERB cblr-1746 1039 3 identifying identify VERB cblr-1746 1039 4 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1039 5 locating locate VERB cblr-1746 1039 6 unique unique ADJ cblr-1746 1039 7 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1039 8 in in ADP cblr-1746 1039 9 the the DET cblr-1746 1039 10 first first ADJ cblr-1746 1039 11 instance instance NOUN cblr-1746 1039 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1039 13 convincing convince VERB cblr-1746 1039 14 the the DET cblr-1746 1039 15 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1039 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 1039 17 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1039 18 negotiations negotiation NOUN cblr-1746 1039 19 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1039 20 the the DET cblr-1746 1039 21 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 1039 22 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1039 23 finder finder NOUN cblr-1746 1039 24 at at ADP cblr-1746 1039 25 trial trial NOUN cblr-1746 1039 26 that that PRON cblr-1746 1039 27 these these DET cblr-1746 1039 28 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 1039 29 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1039 30 are be AUX cblr-1746 1039 31 as as ADV cblr-1746 1039 32 meritorious meritorious ADJ cblr-1746 1039 33 as as ADP cblr-1746 1039 34 others other NOUN cblr-1746 1039 35 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1039 36 rebutting rebut VERB cblr-1746 1039 37 individualized individualized ADJ cblr-1746 1039 38 defenses defense NOUN cblr-1746 1039 39 leveled level VERB cblr-1746 1039 40 against against ADP cblr-1746 1039 41 unique unique ADJ cblr-1746 1039 42 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1039 43 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1039 44 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1039 45 meeting meet VERB cblr-1746 1039 46 the the DET cblr-1746 1039 47 evidentiary evidentiary ADJ cblr-1746 1039 48 burden burden NOUN cblr-1746 1039 49 for for ADP cblr-1746 1039 50 each each DET cblr-1746 1039 51 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1039 52 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 1039 53 within within ADP cblr-1746 1039 54 the the DET cblr-1746 1039 55 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1039 56 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1040 1 these these DET cblr-1746 1040 2 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1040 3 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1040 4 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1040 5 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1040 6 that that PRON cblr-1746 1040 7 exert exert VERB cblr-1746 1040 8 pressure pressure NOUN cblr-1746 1040 9 on on ADP cblr-1746 1040 10 the the DET cblr-1746 1040 11 272 272 NUM cblr-1746 1040 12 see see NOUN cblr-1746 1040 13 supra supra ADJ cblr-1746 1040 14 text text NOUN cblr-1746 1040 15 accompanying accompanying ADJ cblr-1746 1040 16 note note NOUN cblr-1746 1040 17 98 98 NUM cblr-1746 1040 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 1 273 273 NUM cblr-1746 1041 2 professors professor NOUN cblr-1746 1041 3 issacharoff issacharoff NOUN cblr-1746 1041 4 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1041 5 nagareda nagareda PROPN cblr-1746 1041 6 recognized recognize VERB cblr-1746 1041 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 8 for for ADP cblr-1746 1041 9 example example NOUN cblr-1746 1041 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 11 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1041 12 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 1041 13 a a DET cblr-1746 1041 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1041 15 grows grow VERB cblr-1746 1041 16 so so ADV cblr-1746 1041 17 too too ADV cblr-1746 1041 18 do do VERB cblr-1746 1041 19 both both DET cblr-1746 1041 20 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 21 opportunity opportunity NOUN cblr-1746 1041 22 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 23 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1041 24 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 25 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 1041 26 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 27 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 28 specifically specifically ADV cblr-1746 1041 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 30 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 1041 31 a a DET cblr-1746 1041 32 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1041 33 increases increase VERB cblr-1746 1041 34 in in ADP cblr-1746 1041 35 size size NOUN cblr-1746 1041 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 37 so so ADV cblr-1746 1041 38 too too ADV cblr-1746 1041 39 does do AUX cblr-1746 1041 40 the the DET cblr-1746 1041 41 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 1041 42 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 43 new new ADJ cblr-1746 1041 44 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1041 45 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1041 46 can can AUX cblr-1746 1041 47 emerge emerge VERB cblr-1746 1041 48 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 49 claiming claim VERB cblr-1746 1041 50 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 51 usually usually ADV cblr-1746 1041 52 in in ADP cblr-1746 1041 53 a a DET cblr-1746 1041 54 different different ADJ cblr-1746 1041 55 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1041 56 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 57 to to PART cblr-1746 1041 58 be be AUX cblr-1746 1041 59 the the DET cblr-1746 1041 60 true true ADJ cblr-1746 1041 61 champions champion NOUN cblr-1746 1041 62 of of ADP cblr-1746 1041 63 the the DET cblr-1746 1041 64 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1041 65 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1041 66 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1042 1 issacharoff issacharoff PROPN cblr-1746 1042 2 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1042 3 nagarada nagarada PROPN cblr-1746 1042 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1042 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1042 6 note note PROPN cblr-1746 1042 7 59 59 NUM cblr-1746 1042 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1042 9 at at ADP cblr-1746 1042 10 1667 1667 NUM cblr-1746 1042 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1043 1 though though SCONJ cblr-1746 1043 2 this this DET cblr-1746 1043 3 particular particular ADJ cblr-1746 1043 4 issue issue NOUN cblr-1746 1043 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1043 6 raised raise VERB cblr-1746 1043 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 1043 8 the the DET cblr-1746 1043 9 context context NOUN cblr-1746 1043 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 1043 11 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1043 12 classes class NOUN cblr-1746 1043 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1043 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1043 15 objectors objector NOUN cblr-1746 1043 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1043 17 is be AUX cblr-1746 1043 18 beyond beyond ADP cblr-1746 1043 19 the the DET cblr-1746 1043 20 scope scope NOUN cblr-1746 1043 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 1043 22 this this DET cblr-1746 1043 23 inquiry inquiry NOUN cblr-1746 1043 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1043 25 it it PRON cblr-1746 1043 26 demonstrates demonstrate VERB cblr-1746 1043 27 a a DET cblr-1746 1043 28 comparable comparable ADJ cblr-1746 1043 29 market market NOUN cblr-1746 1043 30 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1043 31 based base VERB cblr-1746 1043 32 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 1043 33 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1043 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1043 35 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1043 36 must must AUX cblr-1746 1043 37 internalize internalize VERB cblr-1746 1043 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1044 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1044 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1044 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1044 4 810 810 NUM cblr-1746 1044 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 1044 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 1044 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 1044 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 1045 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 1045 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 1045 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 1045 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 1045 5 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 1045 6 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 1045 7 to to PART cblr-1746 1045 8 include include VERB cblr-1746 1045 9 a a DET cblr-1746 1045 10 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1045 11 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1045 12 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1045 13 are be AUX cblr-1746 1045 14 no no ADV cblr-1746 1045 15 less less ADV cblr-1746 1045 16 significant significant ADJ cblr-1746 1045 17 than than ADP cblr-1746 1045 18 shoehorning shoehorn VERB cblr-1746 1045 19 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1045 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1046 1 these these DET cblr-1746 1046 2 twin twin ADJ cblr-1746 1046 3 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1046 4 can can AUX cblr-1746 1046 5 be be AUX cblr-1746 1046 6 leveraged leverage VERB cblr-1746 1046 7 against against ADP cblr-1746 1046 8 one one NUM cblr-1746 1046 9 another another DET cblr-1746 1046 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1047 1 exchanging exchange VERB cblr-1746 1047 2 external external ADJ cblr-1746 1047 3 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 1047 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1047 5 thereby thereby ADV cblr-1746 1047 6 lessening lessen VERB cblr-1746 1047 7 shoehorning shoehorn VERB cblr-1746 1047 8 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1047 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1047 10 for for ADP cblr-1746 1047 11 a a DET cblr-1746 1047 12 heavy heavy ADV cblr-1746 1047 13 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1047 14 handed handed ADJ cblr-1746 1047 15 review review NOUN cblr-1746 1047 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 1047 17 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1047 18 structures structure NOUN cblr-1746 1047 19 can can AUX cblr-1746 1047 20 compel compel VERB cblr-1746 1047 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1047 22 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1047 23 to to PART cblr-1746 1047 24 internalize internalize VERB cblr-1746 1047 25 the the DET cblr-1746 1047 26 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1047 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 1047 28 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 1047 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1048 1 as as ADP cblr-1746 1048 2 a a DET cblr-1746 1048 3 preliminary preliminary ADJ cblr-1746 1048 4 matter matter NOUN cblr-1746 1048 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1048 6 note note VERB cblr-1746 1048 7 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1048 8 the the DET cblr-1746 1048 9 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1048 10 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1048 11 does do AUX cblr-1746 1048 12 not not PART cblr-1746 1048 13 require require VERB cblr-1746 1048 14 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1048 15 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1048 16 ignore ignore VERB cblr-1746 1048 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1048 18 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 1048 19 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1048 20 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 1048 21 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 1048 22 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1048 23 egregiously egregiously ADV cblr-1746 1048 24 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 1048 25 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1048 26 can can AUX cblr-1746 1048 27 be be AUX cblr-1746 1048 28 quickly quickly ADV cblr-1746 1048 29 spotted spot VERB cblr-1746 1048 30 by by ADP cblr-1746 1048 31 a a DET cblr-1746 1048 32 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1048 33 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1048 34 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1048 35 flagged flag VERB cblr-1746 1048 36 by by ADP cblr-1746 1048 37 the the DET cblr-1746 1048 38 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1048 39 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1048 40 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1048 41 rooted root VERB cblr-1746 1048 42 out out ADP cblr-1746 1048 43 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1049 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 1049 2 those those DET cblr-1746 1049 3 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1049 4 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1049 5 that that PRON cblr-1746 1049 6 are be AUX cblr-1746 1049 7 closer close ADJ cblr-1746 1049 8 calls call NOUN cblr-1746 1049 9 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1049 10 some some PRON cblr-1746 1049 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 1049 12 which which PRON cblr-1746 1049 13 are be AUX cblr-1746 1049 14 sufficiently sufficiently ADV cblr-1746 1049 15 similar similar ADJ cblr-1746 1049 16 to to ADP cblr-1746 1049 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1049 18 prototypical prototypical ADJ cblr-1746 1049 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1049 20 member member NOUN cblr-1746 1049 21 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1049 22 should should AUX cblr-1746 1049 23 be be AUX cblr-1746 1049 24 included include VERB cblr-1746 1049 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1049 26 some some PRON cblr-1746 1049 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 1049 28 which which PRON cblr-1746 1049 29 are be AUX cblr-1746 1049 30 not not PART cblr-1746 1049 31 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1049 32 should should AUX cblr-1746 1049 33 be be AUX cblr-1746 1049 34 excluded exclude VERB cblr-1746 1049 35 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1049 36 exchanging exchange VERB cblr-1746 1049 37 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 1049 38 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 1049 39 for for ADP cblr-1746 1049 40 external external ADJ cblr-1746 1049 41 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 1049 42 can can AUX cblr-1746 1049 43 compel compel VERB cblr-1746 1049 44 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1049 45 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1049 46 to to PART cblr-1746 1049 47 make make VERB cblr-1746 1049 48 the the DET cblr-1746 1049 49 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1049 50 right right ADJ cblr-1746 1049 51 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1049 52 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 1049 53 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1050 1 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 1050 2 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 1050 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 1050 4 a a DET cblr-1746 1050 5 function function NOUN cblr-1746 1050 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 1050 7 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1050 8 awarded award VERB cblr-1746 1050 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1050 10 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1050 11 obtained obtain VERB cblr-1746 1050 12 in in ADP cblr-1746 1050 13 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1050 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1050 15 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1050 16 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1050 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1050 18 one one PRON cblr-1746 1050 19 can can AUX cblr-1746 1050 20 restate restate VERB cblr-1746 1050 21 the the DET cblr-1746 1050 22 relationship relationship NOUN cblr-1746 1050 23 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1050 24 the the DET cblr-1746 1050 25 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1050 26 that that PRON cblr-1746 1050 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1050 28 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1050 29 seeks seek VERB cblr-1746 1050 30 are be AUX cblr-1746 1050 31 a a DET cblr-1746 1050 32 function function NOUN cblr-1746 1050 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 1050 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1050 35 inter inter PROPN cblr-1746 1050 36 alia alia NOUN cblr-1746 1050 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1050 38 expected expect VERB cblr-1746 1050 39 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 1050 40 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1050 41 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1050 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 1 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 1051 2 four four NUM cblr-1746 1051 3 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1051 4 structures structure NOUN cblr-1746 1051 5 that that PRON cblr-1746 1051 6 are be AUX cblr-1746 1051 7 either either ADV cblr-1746 1051 8 grounded ground VERB cblr-1746 1051 9 in in ADP cblr-1746 1051 10 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1051 11 follow follow VERB cblr-1746 1051 12 from from ADP cblr-1746 1051 13 extant extant ADJ cblr-1746 1051 14 case case NOUN cblr-1746 1051 15 law law NOUN cblr-1746 1051 16 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 17 table table NOUN cblr-1746 1051 18 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1051 19 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1051 21 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 22 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1051 23 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1051 24 structures structure NOUN cblr-1746 1051 25 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 1051 26 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1051 27 value value NOUN cblr-1746 1051 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 1051 29 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1051 30 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1051 31 to to ADP cblr-1746 1051 32 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1051 33 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1051 34 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1051 35 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 1051 37 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 38 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1051 39 dx dx PROPN cblr-1746 1051 40 ° ° PROPN cblr-1746 1051 41 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 42 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1051 43 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 44 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 45 xn xn X cblr-1746 1051 46 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 47 y y NUM cblr-1746 1051 48 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1051 49 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 50 of of ADP cblr-1746 1051 51 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 52 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1051 53 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1051 54 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1051 55 dx dx PROPN cblr-1746 1051 56 ° ° NOUN cblr-1746 1051 57 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 58 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1051 59 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 60 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1051 61 xn+ xn+ PROPN cblr-1746 1051 62 xn xn PROPN cblr-1746 1052 1 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1052 2 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1052 3 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1052 4 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1052 5 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1052 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1052 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 1052 8 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1052 9 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1052 10 net net NOUN cblr-1746 1052 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 1052 12 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1052 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1052 14 dx dx PROPN cblr-1746 1052 15 ° ° NUM cblr-1746 1052 16 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1052 17 xn xn X cblr-1746 1052 18 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1052 19 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1052 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1052 21 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1052 22 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1052 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1052 24 lodestar lodestar ADJ cblr-1746 1052 25 crosscheck crosscheck X cblr-1746 1052 26 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1052 27 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1052 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1052 29 xn xn PROPN cblr-1746 1053 1 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 2 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1053 3 * * PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 4 where where SCONJ cblr-1746 1053 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 6 dn dn NOUN cblr-1746 1053 7 ° ° NOUN cblr-1746 1053 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 9 is be AUX cblr-1746 1053 10 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1053 11 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1053 12 per per ADP cblr-1746 1053 13 claimant claimant NOUN cblr-1746 1053 14 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 16 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1053 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 18 represents represent VERB cblr-1746 1053 19 attorneyreimbursement attorneyreimbursement NOUN cblr-1746 1053 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 21 be be AUX cblr-1746 1053 22 it it PRON cblr-1746 1053 23 a a DET cblr-1746 1053 24 percentage percentage NOUN cblr-1746 1053 25 assigned assign VERB cblr-1746 1053 26 by by ADP cblr-1746 1053 27 the the DET cblr-1746 1053 28 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1053 29 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1053 30 a a DET cblr-1746 1053 31 calculated calculated ADJ cblr-1746 1053 32 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1053 33 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 34 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 35 xn xn X cblr-1746 1053 36 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 37 is be AUX cblr-1746 1053 38 the the DET cblr-1746 1053 39 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1053 40 of of ADP cblr-1746 1053 41 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1053 42 per per ADP cblr-1746 1053 43 claimant claimant NOUN cblr-1746 1053 44 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 45 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1053 46 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 47 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1053 48 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 49 is be AUX cblr-1746 1053 50 the the DET cblr-1746 1053 51 non non ADJ cblr-1746 1053 52 - - ADJ cblr-1746 1053 53 litigation litigation ADJ cblr-1746 1053 54 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1053 55 of of ADP cblr-1746 1053 56 the the DET cblr-1746 1053 57 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1053 58 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1053 59 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1053 60 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 61 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 1053 62 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 63 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 1053 64 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1053 65 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1054 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1054 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1054 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1054 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 1054 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1055 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 1055 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 1055 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1055 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1055 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 1055 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1055 7 811 811 NUM cblr-1746 1055 8 the the DET cblr-1746 1055 9 first first ADJ cblr-1746 1055 10 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1055 11 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1055 12 is be AUX cblr-1746 1055 13 a a DET cblr-1746 1055 14 subtle subtle ADJ cblr-1746 1055 15 break break NOUN cblr-1746 1055 16 with with ADP cblr-1746 1055 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1055 18 status status NOUN cblr-1746 1055 19 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 1055 20 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1055 21 it it PRON cblr-1746 1055 22 assigns assign VERB cblr-1746 1055 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1055 24 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1055 25 a a DET cblr-1746 1055 26 percentage percentage NOUN cblr-1746 1055 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 1055 28 the the DET cblr-1746 1055 29 common common ADJ cblr-1746 1055 30 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1055 31 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 1055 32 requires require VERB cblr-1746 1055 33 the the DET cblr-1746 1055 34 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1055 35 to to PART cblr-1746 1055 36 absorb absorb VERB cblr-1746 1055 37 all all DET cblr-1746 1055 38 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1055 39 costs.274 costs.274 NOUN cblr-1746 1055 40 this this PRON cblr-1746 1055 41 is be AUX cblr-1746 1055 42 by by ADP cblr-1746 1055 43 far far ADV cblr-1746 1055 44 the the DET cblr-1746 1055 45 least least ADJ cblr-1746 1055 46 forgiving forgiving NOUN cblr-1746 1055 47 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1055 48 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1055 49 most most ADJ cblr-1746 1055 50 interventionist interventionist NOUN cblr-1746 1055 51 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1055 52 of of ADP cblr-1746 1055 53 the the DET cblr-1746 1055 54 above above ADJ cblr-1746 1055 55 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1055 56 structures structure NOUN cblr-1746 1055 57 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1056 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 1056 2 allows allow VERB cblr-1746 1056 3 the the DET cblr-1746 1056 4 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1056 5 to to PART cblr-1746 1056 6 calibrate calibrate VERB cblr-1746 1056 7 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 1056 8 by by ADP cblr-1746 1056 9 manipulating manipulate VERB cblr-1746 1056 10 the the DET cblr-1746 1056 11 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1056 12 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1056 13 reimbursement reimbursement NOUN cblr-1746 1056 14 multiplier multipli ADJ cblr-1746 1056 15 without without ADP cblr-1746 1056 16 regard regard NOUN cblr-1746 1056 17 to to ADP cblr-1746 1056 18 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1056 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1057 1 the the DET cblr-1746 1057 2 second second ADJ cblr-1746 1057 3 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1057 4 third third ADJ cblr-1746 1057 5 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1057 6 structures structure NOUN cblr-1746 1057 7 are be AUX cblr-1746 1057 8 related relate VERB cblr-1746 1057 9 versions version NOUN cblr-1746 1057 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 1057 11 the the DET cblr-1746 1057 12 status status NOUN cblr-1746 1057 13 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 1057 14 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1057 15 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1057 16 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1057 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 1057 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1057 19 the the DET cblr-1746 1057 20 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1057 21 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1057 22 model.275 model.275 PROPN cblr-1746 1057 23 the the DET cblr-1746 1057 24 fourth fourth ADJ cblr-1746 1057 25 is be AUX cblr-1746 1057 26 the the DET cblr-1746 1057 27 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 1057 28 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1057 29 crosscheck crosscheck NOUN cblr-1746 1057 30 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1057 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1057 32 which which PRON cblr-1746 1057 33 ties tie VERB cblr-1746 1057 34 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 1057 35 to to ADP cblr-1746 1057 36 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1057 37 the the DET cblr-1746 1057 38 hours hour NOUN cblr-1746 1057 39 reasonably reasonably ADV cblr-1746 1057 40 expended expend VERB cblr-1746 1057 41 by by ADP cblr-1746 1057 42 the the DET cblr-1746 1057 43 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1057 44 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 1057 45 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1057 46 on on ADP cblr-1746 1057 47 the the DET cblr-1746 1057 48 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1057 49 by by ADP cblr-1746 1057 50 a a DET cblr-1746 1057 51 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 1057 52 hourly hourly ADJ cblr-1746 1057 53 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1057 54 in in ADP cblr-1746 1057 55 view view NOUN cblr-1746 1057 56 of of ADP cblr-1746 1057 57 the the DET cblr-1746 1057 58 geographical geographical ADJ cblr-1746 1057 59 area area NOUN cblr-1746 1057 60 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1058 1 ”276 ”276 NOUN cblr-1746 1058 2 now now ADV cblr-1746 1058 3 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 1058 4 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 1058 5 these these DET cblr-1746 1058 6 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1058 7 structures structure NOUN cblr-1746 1058 8 impact impact VERB cblr-1746 1058 9 the the DET cblr-1746 1058 10 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 1058 11 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 1058 12 to to PART cblr-1746 1058 13 include include VERB cblr-1746 1058 14 a a DET cblr-1746 1058 15 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1058 16 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1058 17 in in ADP cblr-1746 1058 18 a a DET cblr-1746 1058 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1058 20 action.277 action.277 NOUN cblr-1746 1058 21 for for ADP cblr-1746 1058 22 simplicity simplicity NOUN cblr-1746 1058 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1058 24 assume assume VERB cblr-1746 1058 25 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1058 26 the the DET cblr-1746 1058 27 prototypical prototypical ADJ cblr-1746 1058 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1058 29 members member NOUN cblr-1746 1058 30 who who PRON cblr-1746 1058 31 are be AUX cblr-1746 1058 32 assumed assume VERB cblr-1746 1058 33 to to PART cblr-1746 1058 34 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1058 35 belong belong VERB cblr-1746 1058 36 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1058 37 in in ADP cblr-1746 1058 38 a a DET cblr-1746 1058 39 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1058 40 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1058 41 cluster cluster NOUN cblr-1746 1058 42 around around ADP cblr-1746 1058 43 either either CCONJ cblr-1746 1058 44 a a DET cblr-1746 1058 45 common common ADJ cblr-1746 1058 46 amount amount NOUN cblr-1746 1058 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 1058 48 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1058 49 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1058 50 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1058 51 dn0 dn0 NOUN cblr-1746 1058 52 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1058 53 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1058 54 a a DET cblr-1746 1058 55 common common ADJ cblr-1746 1058 56 account account NOUN cblr-1746 1058 57 of of ADP cblr-1746 1058 58 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 1058 59 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1058 60 yielding yield VERB cblr-1746 1058 61 a a DET cblr-1746 1058 62 uniform uniform ADJ cblr-1746 1058 63 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1058 64 of of ADP cblr-1746 1058 65 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1058 66 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1058 67 xn xn PROPN cblr-1746 1058 68 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1058 69 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1059 1 this this DET cblr-1746 1059 2 simplifying simplifying NOUN cblr-1746 1059 3 assumption assumption NOUN cblr-1746 1059 4 is be AUX cblr-1746 1059 5 not not PART cblr-1746 1059 6 wholly wholly ADV cblr-1746 1059 7 divorced divorce VERB cblr-1746 1059 8 from from ADP cblr-1746 1059 9 reality reality NOUN cblr-1746 1059 10 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1059 11 the the DET cblr-1746 1059 12 former former ADJ cblr-1746 1059 13 tracks track NOUN cblr-1746 1059 14 stringent stringent ADJ cblr-1746 1059 15 applications application NOUN cblr-1746 1059 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 1059 17 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 1059 18 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1059 19 the the DET cblr-1746 1059 20 latter latter ADJ cblr-1746 1059 21 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 1059 22 tracks track VERB cblr-1746 1059 23 walmart walmart PROPN cblr-1746 1059 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1060 1 further far ADV cblr-1746 1060 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1060 3 assume assume VERB cblr-1746 1060 4 a a DET cblr-1746 1060 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1060 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 1060 7 1,000 1,000 NUM cblr-1746 1060 8 members member NOUN cblr-1746 1060 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1060 10 each each PRON cblr-1746 1060 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 1060 12 whom whom PRON cblr-1746 1060 13 is be AUX cblr-1746 1060 14 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1060 15 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 1060 16 1,000 1,000 NUM cblr-1746 1060 17 in in ADP cblr-1746 1060 18 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1060 19 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1061 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1061 2 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1061 3 has have AUX cblr-1746 1061 4 invested invest VERB cblr-1746 1061 5 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 1061 6 100,000 100,000 NUM cblr-1746 1061 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 1061 8 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1061 9 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1061 10 to to PART cblr-1746 1061 11 attain attain VERB cblr-1746 1061 12 an an DET cblr-1746 1061 13 80 80 NUM cblr-1746 1061 14 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1061 15 probability probability NOUN cblr-1746 1061 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 1061 17 success success NOUN cblr-1746 1061 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1062 1 assume assume VERB cblr-1746 1062 2 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1062 3 status status NOUN cblr-1746 1062 4 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 1062 5 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 1062 6 governs govern VERB cblr-1746 1062 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1063 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1063 2 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1063 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 1063 4 presented present VERB cblr-1746 1063 5 with with ADP cblr-1746 1063 6 three three NUM cblr-1746 1063 7 potential potential ADJ cblr-1746 1063 8 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1063 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1063 10 all all PRON cblr-1746 1063 11 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1063 12 none none NOUN cblr-1746 1063 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 1063 14 whom whom PRON cblr-1746 1063 15 they they PRON cblr-1746 1063 16 may may AUX cblr-1746 1063 17 add add VERB cblr-1746 1063 18 to to ADP cblr-1746 1063 19 their their PRON cblr-1746 1063 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1063 21 274 274 NUM cblr-1746 1063 22 status status NOUN cblr-1746 1063 23 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 1063 24 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1063 25 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1063 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 1063 27 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1063 28 the the DET cblr-1746 1063 29 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1063 30 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1063 31 models model NOUN cblr-1746 1063 32 compensate compensate VERB cblr-1746 1063 33 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1063 34 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1063 35 for for ADP cblr-1746 1063 36 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 1063 37 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1063 38 incurred incur VERB cblr-1746 1063 39 during during ADP cblr-1746 1063 40 the the DET cblr-1746 1063 41 course course NOUN cblr-1746 1063 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 1063 43 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1063 44 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1064 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 1064 2 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1064 3 notes note NOUN cblr-1746 1064 4 48–53 48–53 NOUN cblr-1746 1064 5 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1064 6 accompanying accompany VERB cblr-1746 1064 7 text text NOUN cblr-1746 1064 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1065 1 275 275 NUM cblr-1746 1065 2 available available ADJ cblr-1746 1065 3 post post ADJ cblr-1746 1065 4 - - ADJ cblr-1746 1065 5 judgment judgment ADJ cblr-1746 1065 6 filings filing NOUN cblr-1746 1065 7 do do AUX cblr-1746 1065 8 not not PART cblr-1746 1065 9 make make VERB cblr-1746 1065 10 clear clear ADJ cblr-1746 1065 11 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 1065 12 the the DET cblr-1746 1065 13 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1065 14 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1065 15 reimbursement reimbursement NOUN cblr-1746 1065 16 multiplier multipli ADJ cblr-1746 1065 17 is be AUX cblr-1746 1065 18 typically typically ADV cblr-1746 1065 19 calculated calculate VERB cblr-1746 1065 20 net net NOUN cblr-1746 1065 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 1065 22 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1065 23 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1065 24 prior prior ADV cblr-1746 1065 25 to to ADP cblr-1746 1065 26 deducting deduct VERB cblr-1746 1065 27 the the DET cblr-1746 1065 28 reasonable reasonable ADJ cblr-1746 1065 29 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1065 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 1065 31 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1065 32 from from ADP cblr-1746 1065 33 the the DET cblr-1746 1065 34 common common ADJ cblr-1746 1065 35 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1065 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1066 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 1066 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 1066 3 probable probable ADJ cblr-1746 1066 4 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1066 5 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1066 6 varyingly varyingly ADV cblr-1746 1066 7 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 1066 8 both both DET cblr-1746 1066 9 approaches approach NOUN cblr-1746 1066 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1067 1 certainly certainly ADV cblr-1746 1067 2 both both DET cblr-1746 1067 3 approaches approach NOUN cblr-1746 1067 4 are be AUX cblr-1746 1067 5 available available ADJ cblr-1746 1067 6 at at ADP cblr-1746 1067 7 the the DET cblr-1746 1067 8 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1067 9 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1067 10 discretion discretion NOUN cblr-1746 1067 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1068 1 276 276 NUM cblr-1746 1068 2 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 1068 3 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 1068 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1068 5 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1068 6 note note PROPN cblr-1746 1068 7 45 45 NUM cblr-1746 1068 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1068 9 § § PROPN cblr-1746 1068 10 6:24 6:24 NUM cblr-1746 1068 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1068 12 note note VERB cblr-1746 1068 13 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1068 14 the the DET cblr-1746 1068 15 lodestarcrosscheck lodestarcrosscheck NOUN cblr-1746 1068 16 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1068 17 does do AUX cblr-1746 1068 18 not not PART cblr-1746 1068 19 compensate compensate VERB cblr-1746 1068 20 for for ADP cblr-1746 1068 21 post post ADJ cblr-1746 1068 22 - - ADJ cblr-1746 1068 23 litigation litigation ADJ cblr-1746 1068 24 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1068 25 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1068 26 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 1068 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1068 28 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 1068 29 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1068 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1069 1 277 277 NUM cblr-1746 1069 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 1069 3 issacharoff issacharoff NOUN cblr-1746 1069 4 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1069 5 nagareda nagareda PROPN cblr-1746 1069 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1069 7 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1069 8 note note NOUN cblr-1746 1069 9 59 59 NUM cblr-1746 1069 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1069 11 at at ADP cblr-1746 1069 12 1699 1699 NUM cblr-1746 1069 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1070 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1070 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1070 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1070 4 812 812 NUM cblr-1746 1070 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 1070 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 1070 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 1070 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 1071 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 1071 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 1071 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 1071 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 1071 5 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1071 6 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1071 7 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1071 8 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1071 9 is be AUX cblr-1746 1071 10 a a DET cblr-1746 1071 11 prototypical prototypical ADJ cblr-1746 1071 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1071 13 member member NOUN cblr-1746 1071 14 who who PRON cblr-1746 1071 15 should should AUX cblr-1746 1071 16 have have AUX cblr-1746 1071 17 been be AUX cblr-1746 1071 18 included include VERB cblr-1746 1071 19 in in ADP cblr-1746 1071 20 the the DET cblr-1746 1071 21 first first ADJ cblr-1746 1071 22 instance instance NOUN cblr-1746 1071 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1072 1 like like ADP cblr-1746 1072 2 the the DET cblr-1746 1072 3 other other ADJ cblr-1746 1072 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1072 5 members member NOUN cblr-1746 1072 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1072 7 he he PRON cblr-1746 1072 8 is be AUX cblr-1746 1072 9 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1072 10 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 1072 11 1,000 1,000 NUM cblr-1746 1072 12 in in ADP cblr-1746 1072 13 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1072 14 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1072 15 adding add VERB cblr-1746 1072 16 him he PRON cblr-1746 1072 17 to to ADP cblr-1746 1072 18 the the DET cblr-1746 1072 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1072 20 costs cost VERB cblr-1746 1072 21 nothing nothing PRON cblr-1746 1072 22 more more ADJ cblr-1746 1072 23 than than ADP cblr-1746 1072 24 the the DET cblr-1746 1072 25 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1072 26 of of ADP cblr-1746 1072 27 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 1072 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1073 1 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1073 2 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 1073 3 should should AUX cblr-1746 1073 4 be be AUX cblr-1746 1073 5 included include VERB cblr-1746 1073 6 in in ADP cblr-1746 1073 7 the the DET cblr-1746 1073 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1073 9 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1073 10 though though SCONJ cblr-1746 1073 11 his his PRON cblr-1746 1073 12 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1073 13 is be AUX cblr-1746 1073 14 not not PART cblr-1746 1073 15 identical identical ADJ cblr-1746 1073 16 to to ADP cblr-1746 1073 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1073 18 prototypical prototypical ADJ cblr-1746 1073 19 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1073 20 member member NOUN cblr-1746 1073 21 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1073 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1073 23 it it PRON cblr-1746 1073 24 is be AUX cblr-1746 1073 25 very very ADV cblr-1746 1073 26 close close ADJ cblr-1746 1073 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1074 1 he he PRON cblr-1746 1074 2 was be AUX cblr-1746 1074 3 injured injure VERB cblr-1746 1074 4 by by ADP cblr-1746 1074 5 the the DET cblr-1746 1074 6 same same ADJ cblr-1746 1074 7 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1074 8 in in ADP cblr-1746 1074 9 the the DET cblr-1746 1074 10 same same ADJ cblr-1746 1074 11 underlying underlying ADJ cblr-1746 1074 12 course course NOUN cblr-1746 1074 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 1074 14 events event NOUN cblr-1746 1074 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1074 16 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 1074 17 under under ADP cblr-1746 1074 18 slightly slightly ADV cblr-1746 1074 19 unique unique ADJ cblr-1746 1074 20 circumstances circumstance NOUN cblr-1746 1074 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1075 1 he he PRON cblr-1746 1075 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 1075 3 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1075 4 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 1075 5 900 900 NUM cblr-1746 1075 6 in in ADP cblr-1746 1075 7 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1075 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1075 9 slightly slightly ADV cblr-1746 1075 10 less less ADJ cblr-1746 1075 11 than than ADP cblr-1746 1075 12 the the DET cblr-1746 1075 13 prototypical prototypical ADJ cblr-1746 1075 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1075 15 member member NOUN cblr-1746 1075 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1075 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1075 18 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 1075 19 his his PRON cblr-1746 1075 20 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1075 21 will will AUX cblr-1746 1075 22 cost cost VERB cblr-1746 1075 23 an an DET cblr-1746 1075 24 additional additional ADJ cblr-1746 1075 25 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 1075 26 500 500 NUM cblr-1746 1075 27 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1075 28 both both CCONJ cblr-1746 1075 29 in in ADP cblr-1746 1075 30 shoehorning shoehorning NOUN cblr-1746 1075 31 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1075 32 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1075 33 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1075 34 market market NOUN cblr-1746 1075 35 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1075 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1076 1 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1076 2 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 1076 3 clearly clearly ADV cblr-1746 1076 4 should should AUX cblr-1746 1076 5 not not PART cblr-1746 1076 6 be be AUX cblr-1746 1076 7 included include VERB cblr-1746 1076 8 in in ADP cblr-1746 1076 9 the the DET cblr-1746 1076 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1076 11 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1076 12 he he PRON cblr-1746 1076 13 was be AUX cblr-1746 1076 14 injured injure VERB cblr-1746 1076 15 by by ADP cblr-1746 1076 16 the the DET cblr-1746 1076 17 same same ADJ cblr-1746 1076 18 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1076 19 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 1076 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 1076 21 an an DET cblr-1746 1076 22 entirely entirely ADV cblr-1746 1076 23 unrelated unrelated ADJ cblr-1746 1076 24 matter matter NOUN cblr-1746 1076 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1077 1 he he PRON cblr-1746 1077 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 1077 3 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1077 4 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 1077 5 2,000 2,000 NUM cblr-1746 1077 6 in in ADP cblr-1746 1077 7 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1077 8 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1077 9 double double DET cblr-1746 1077 10 the the DET cblr-1746 1077 11 prototypical prototypical ADJ cblr-1746 1077 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1077 13 member member NOUN cblr-1746 1077 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1077 15 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 1077 16 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 1077 17 his his PRON cblr-1746 1077 18 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1077 19 in in ADP cblr-1746 1077 20 the the DET cblr-1746 1077 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1077 22 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1077 23 will will AUX cblr-1746 1077 24 add add VERB cblr-1746 1077 25 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 1077 26 1,500 1,500 NUM cblr-1746 1077 27 in in ADP cblr-1746 1077 28 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1077 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1077 30 reflecting reflect VERB cblr-1746 1077 31 the the DET cblr-1746 1077 32 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 1077 33 shoehorning shoehorning NOUN cblr-1746 1077 34 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1077 35 litigationmarket litigationmarket ADJ cblr-1746 1077 36 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1077 37 that that PRON cblr-1746 1077 38 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1077 39 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1077 40 will will AUX cblr-1746 1077 41 incur incur VERB cblr-1746 1077 42 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1078 1 which which DET cblr-1746 1078 2 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1078 3 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1078 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1078 5 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 1078 6 any any PRON cblr-1746 1078 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1078 8 will will AUX cblr-1746 1078 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1078 10 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1078 11 include include VERB cblr-1746 1078 12 in in ADP cblr-1746 1078 13 their their PRON cblr-1746 1078 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1078 15 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1078 16 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 1079 1 applying apply VERB cblr-1746 1079 2 the the DET cblr-1746 1079 3 four four NUM cblr-1746 1079 4 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1079 5 structures structure NOUN cblr-1746 1079 6 to to ADP cblr-1746 1079 7 this this DET cblr-1746 1079 8 stylized stylize VERB cblr-1746 1079 9 example example NOUN cblr-1746 1079 10 yields yield VERB cblr-1746 1079 11 the the DET cblr-1746 1079 12 following follow VERB cblr-1746 1079 13 results result NOUN cblr-1746 1079 14 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1079 15 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 1079 16 hand hand NOUN cblr-1746 1079 17 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1079 18 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1079 19 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 1079 20 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1079 21 should should AUX cblr-1746 1079 22 not not PART cblr-1746 1079 23 be be AUX cblr-1746 1079 24 included include VERB cblr-1746 1079 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 1 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1080 2 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1080 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 4 dx0 dx0 NOUN cblr-1746 1080 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 6 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1080 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 1080 8 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 1080 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 10 xn xn NOUN cblr-1746 1080 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 12 post post NOUN cblr-1746 1080 13 - - NOUN cblr-1746 1080 14 litigation litigation ADJ cblr-1746 1080 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 16 non non ADJ cblr-1746 1080 17 - - ADJ cblr-1746 1080 18 lodestar lodestar ADJ cblr-1746 1080 19 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1080 20 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1080 21 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 22 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 1080 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 24 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 1080 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 26 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 27 y y X cblr-1746 1080 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 29 dc0 dc0 NOUN cblr-1746 1080 30 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 31 2,000 2,000 NUM cblr-1746 1080 32 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 33 x3 x3 NOUN cblr-1746 1080 34 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 35 1,500 1,500 NUM cblr-1746 1080 36 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 37 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1080 38 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 39 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1080 40 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 41 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1080 42 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1080 43 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1080 44 reimbursement reimbursement NOUN cblr-1746 1080 45 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 46 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1080 47 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 48 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1080 49 of of ADP cblr-1746 1080 50 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1080 51 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1080 52 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 53 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1080 54 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1080 55 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 56 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1080 57 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1080 58 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1080 59 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1080 60 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 61 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1080 62 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1080 63 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 64 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1080 65 net net NOUN cblr-1746 1080 66 of of ADP cblr-1746 1080 67 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1080 68 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1080 69 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 70 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1080 71 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1080 72 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 73 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 1080 74 check check NOUN cblr-1746 1080 75 e e X cblr-1746 1080 76 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 77 4x 4x NUM cblr-1746 1080 78 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 79 award award NOUN cblr-1746 1080 80 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1080 81 dc0 dc0 PROPN cblr-1746 1080 82 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 83 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1080 84 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 85 dc0 dc0 NOUN cblr-1746 1080 86 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 87 .7)-x3 .7)-x3 PROPN cblr-1746 1080 88 - 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- PUNCT cblr-1746 1080 125 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1080 126 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1080 127 applied apply VERB cblr-1746 1080 128 2,000(.3)1,500 2,000(.3)1,500 NUM cblr-1746 1080 129 - - SYM cblr-1746 1080 130 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1080 131 = = NUM cblr-1746 1080 132 -901 -901 PROPN cblr-1746 1080 133 2,000(.3)1,500 2,000(.3)1,500 NUM cblr-1746 1080 134 +1,500 +1,500 NOUN cblr-1746 1080 135 -1 -1 PUNCT cblr-1746 1081 1 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1081 2 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1081 3 = = SYM cblr-1746 1081 4 600 600 NUM cblr-1746 1081 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1081 6 2,000 2,000 NUM cblr-1746 1081 7 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1081 8 1,5001 1,5001 NUM cblr-1746 1081 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1081 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1081 11 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1081 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1082 1 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1082 2 149.7 149.7 NUM cblr-1746 1082 3 4(1,500)-1 4(1,500)-1 NOUN cblr-1746 1082 4 = = SYM cblr-1746 1082 5 4,999 4,999 NUM cblr-1746 1082 6 include include VERB cblr-1746 1082 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 1082 8 the the DET cblr-1746 1082 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1082 10 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 1083 1 no no PRON cblr-1746 1083 2 include include VERB cblr-1746 1083 3 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1083 4 include include VERB cblr-1746 1083 5 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1083 6 include include VERB cblr-1746 1083 7 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1083 8 include include VERB cblr-1746 1083 9 table table NOUN cblr-1746 1083 10 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 1083 11 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1083 12 wal wal PROPN cblr-1746 1083 13 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1083 14 mart mart ADJ cblr-1746 1083 15 / / SYM cblr-1746 1083 16 comcast comcast PROPN cblr-1746 1083 17 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1083 18 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1083 19 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1083 20 no no NOUN cblr-1746 1083 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1084 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 1084 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 1084 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1084 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1084 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 1084 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1084 7 813 813 NUM cblr-1746 1084 8 several several ADJ cblr-1746 1084 9 conclusions conclusion NOUN cblr-1746 1084 10 follow follow VERB cblr-1746 1084 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1085 1 first first ADV cblr-1746 1085 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1085 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1085 4 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1085 5 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1085 6 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 1085 7 are be AUX cblr-1746 1085 8 clearly clearly ADV cblr-1746 1085 9 intertwined intertwine VERB cblr-1746 1085 10 with with ADP cblr-1746 1085 11 the the DET cblr-1746 1085 12 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1085 13 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1085 14 that that PRON cblr-1746 1085 15 a a DET cblr-1746 1085 16 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1085 17 adopts adopt VERB cblr-1746 1085 18 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1085 19 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 1085 20 it it PRON cblr-1746 1085 21 regulates regulate VERB cblr-1746 1085 22 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 1085 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1086 1 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 1086 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1086 3 each each DET cblr-1746 1086 4 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1086 5 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1086 6 yields yield VERB cblr-1746 1086 7 a a DET cblr-1746 1086 8 unique unique ADJ cblr-1746 1086 9 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1086 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1087 1 second second ADV cblr-1746 1087 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1087 3 the the DET cblr-1746 1087 4 status status NOUN cblr-1746 1087 5 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 1087 6 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1087 7 preference preference NOUN cblr-1746 1087 8 for for ADP cblr-1746 1087 9 a a DET cblr-1746 1087 10 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1087 11 that that PRON cblr-1746 1087 12 compensates compensate VERB cblr-1746 1087 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1087 14 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1087 15 for for ADP cblr-1746 1087 16 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1087 17 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1087 18 yields yield VERB cblr-1746 1087 19 a a DET cblr-1746 1087 20 predictable predictable ADJ cblr-1746 1087 21 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1087 22 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1087 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1087 24 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1087 25 rarely rarely ADV cblr-1746 1087 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1087 27 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 1087 28 ever ever ADV cblr-1746 1087 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1087 30 turns turn VERB cblr-1746 1087 31 down down ADP cblr-1746 1087 32 a a DET cblr-1746 1087 33 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1087 34 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1087 35 member member NOUN cblr-1746 1087 36 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1088 1 this this PRON cblr-1746 1088 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 1088 3 the the DET cblr-1746 1088 4 case case NOUN cblr-1746 1088 5 even even ADV cblr-1746 1088 6 under under ADP cblr-1746 1088 7 the the DET cblr-1746 1088 8 status status NOUN cblr-1746 1088 9 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 1088 10 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1088 11 stringent stringent ADJ cblr-1746 1088 12 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 1088 13 to to ADP cblr-1746 1088 14 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 1088 15 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1088 16 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 1088 17 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 1088 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1088 19 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1088 20 is be AUX cblr-1746 1088 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1088 22 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 1088 23 successful successful ADJ cblr-1746 1088 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1088 25 compensated compensate VERB cblr-1746 1088 26 for for ADP cblr-1746 1088 27 shoehorning shoehorn VERB cblr-1746 1088 28 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1088 29 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 1 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 1089 2 hand hand NOUN cblr-1746 1089 3 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1089 4 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1089 5 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 1089 6 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 7 should should AUX cblr-1746 1089 8 be be AUX cblr-1746 1089 9 included include VERB cblr-1746 1089 10 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 11 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1089 12 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1089 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 14 dx0 dx0 NOUN cblr-1746 1089 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 16 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1089 17 of of ADP cblr-1746 1089 18 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 1089 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 20 xn xn NOUN cblr-1746 1089 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 22 post post NOUN cblr-1746 1089 23 - - NOUN cblr-1746 1089 24 litigation litigation ADJ cblr-1746 1089 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 26 non non ADJ cblr-1746 1089 27 - - ADJ cblr-1746 1089 28 lodestar lodestar ADJ cblr-1746 1089 29 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1089 30 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1089 31 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 32 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 1089 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 34 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 1089 35 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 36 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 37 y y X cblr-1746 1089 38 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 39 db0 db0 NOUN cblr-1746 1089 40 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 41 900 900 NUM cblr-1746 1089 42 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1089 43 x2 x2 NOUN cblr-1746 1090 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 2 500 500 NUM cblr-1746 1090 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 4 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1090 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 6 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1090 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 8 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1090 9 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1090 10 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1090 11 reimbursement reimbursement NOUN cblr-1746 1090 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 13 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1090 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 15 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1090 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 1090 17 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1090 18 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1090 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 20 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1090 21 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1090 22 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 23 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1090 24 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1090 25 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1090 26 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1090 27 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 28 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1090 29 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1090 30 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 31 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1090 32 net net NOUN cblr-1746 1090 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 1090 34 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1090 35 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1090 36 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 37 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1090 38 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1090 39 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 40 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 1090 41 check check NOUN cblr-1746 1090 42 e e X cblr-1746 1090 43 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 44 4x 4x NUM cblr-1746 1090 45 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 46 award award NOUN cblr-1746 1090 47 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1090 48 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 49 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 50 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 51 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 52 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 53 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 54 .7)-x2 .7)-x2 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 55 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1090 56 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 57 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 58 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 59 x2 x2 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 60 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 61 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1090 62 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 63 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 64 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 65 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 66 db0-(4)x2 db0-(4)x2 NOUN cblr-1746 1090 67 counsel counsel PROPN cblr-1746 1090 68 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 69 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 70 .3)x2 .3)x2 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 71 - - NOUN cblr-1746 1090 72 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1090 73 db0 db0 NOUN cblr-1746 1090 74 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 75 .3)x2+x2 .3)x2+x2 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 76 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 77 y+y y+y PROPN cblr-1746 1090 78 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 79 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 80 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 81 x2 x2 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 82 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 83 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1090 84 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 85 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 86 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1090 87 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 88 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 89 4)x2 4)x2 PROPN cblr-1746 1090 90 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 91 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1090 92 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1090 93 applied apply VERB cblr-1746 1090 94 900(.3)500 900(.3)500 NUM cblr-1746 1090 95 - - SYM cblr-1746 1090 96 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1090 97 = = PROPN cblr-1746 1090 98 -201 -201 NOUN cblr-1746 1090 99 900(.3 900(.3 NUM cblr-1746 1090 100 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1090 101 -500 -500 PROPN cblr-1746 1091 1 +500 +500 NUM cblr-1746 1092 1 -1 -1 CCONJ cblr-1746 1093 1 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1093 2 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1093 3 = = SYM cblr-1746 1093 4 270 270 NUM cblr-1746 1093 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1093 6 900 900 NUM cblr-1746 1093 7 - - SYM cblr-1746 1093 8 500 500 NUM cblr-1746 1093 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1093 10 1)(.3 1)(.3 NUM cblr-1746 1093 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1093 12 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1093 13 194.7 194.7 NUM cblr-1746 1093 14 4(500)-1 4(500)-1 NUM cblr-1746 1093 15 = = SYM cblr-1746 1093 16 1,999 1,999 NUM cblr-1746 1093 17 include include VERB cblr-1746 1093 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 1093 19 the the DET cblr-1746 1093 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1093 21 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 1 no no PRON cblr-1746 1094 2 include include VERB cblr-1746 1094 3 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1094 4 include include VERB cblr-1746 1094 5 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1094 6 include include VERB cblr-1746 1094 7 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1094 8 include include VERB cblr-1746 1094 9 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 1094 10 hand hand NOUN cblr-1746 1094 11 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1094 12 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1094 13 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1094 14 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 15 prototypical prototypical ADJ cblr-1746 1094 16 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 17 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1094 18 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1094 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 20 dx0 dx0 NOUN cblr-1746 1094 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 22 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1094 23 of of ADP cblr-1746 1094 24 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 1094 25 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 26 xn xn NOUN cblr-1746 1094 27 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 28 post post NOUN cblr-1746 1094 29 - - NOUN cblr-1746 1094 30 litigation litigation ADJ cblr-1746 1094 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 32 non non ADJ cblr-1746 1094 33 - - ADJ cblr-1746 1094 34 lodestar lodestar ADJ cblr-1746 1094 35 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1094 36 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1094 37 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 38 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 1094 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 40 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 1094 41 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 42 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 43 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1094 44 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 45 da0 da0 NOUN cblr-1746 1094 46 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 47 1,000 1,000 NUM cblr-1746 1094 48 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 49 x1 x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1094 50 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 51 0 0 NUM cblr-1746 1094 52 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 53 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1094 54 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 55 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1094 56 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 57 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1094 58 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1094 59 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1094 60 reimbursement reimbursement NOUN cblr-1746 1094 61 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 62 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1094 63 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 64 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1094 65 of of ADP cblr-1746 1094 66 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1094 67 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1094 68 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 69 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1094 70 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1094 71 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 72 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1094 73 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1094 74 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1094 75 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1094 76 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 77 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1094 78 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1094 79 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 80 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1094 81 net net NOUN cblr-1746 1094 82 of of ADP cblr-1746 1094 83 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1094 84 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1094 85 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 86 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1094 87 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1094 88 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 89 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 1094 90 check check NOUN cblr-1746 1094 91 e e X cblr-1746 1094 92 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 93 4x 4x NUM cblr-1746 1094 94 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1094 95 award award NOUN cblr-1746 1094 96 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1095 1 da0 da0 PROPN cblr-1746 1095 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1095 3 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1095 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1095 5 da0 da0 NOUN cblr-1746 1095 6 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1095 7 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1095 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1095 9 -x1y -x1y PUNCT cblr-1746 1096 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1096 2 da0 da0 NOUN cblr-1746 1096 3 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1096 4 x1 x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1096 5 -y -y PROPN cblr-1746 1096 6 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1096 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1096 8 .7 .7 NOUN cblr-1746 1096 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1096 10 da0-(4)x1 da0-(4)x1 NOUN cblr-1746 1096 11 counsel counsel PROPN cblr-1746 1096 12 da0 da0 NOUN cblr-1746 1096 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1096 14 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1096 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1097 1 x1 x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1097 2 - - PROPN cblr-1746 1097 3 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1097 4 da0 da0 PROPN cblr-1746 1097 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1097 6 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1097 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1097 8 x1+x1 x1+x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1097 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1097 10 y+y y+y PROPN cblr-1746 1097 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1097 12 da0 da0 NOUN cblr-1746 1097 13 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1097 14 x1 x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1097 15 - - PROPN cblr-1746 1097 16 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1097 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1097 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1097 19 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1097 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1097 21 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1097 22 4)x1 4)x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1097 23 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1097 24 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1097 25 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1097 26 applied apply VERB cblr-1746 1097 27 1,000(.3 1,000(.3 NUM cblr-1746 1097 28 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1097 29 -1 -1 PUNCT cblr-1746 1098 1 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1098 2 299 299 NUM cblr-1746 1098 3 1,000(.3 1,000(.3 NUM cblr-1746 1098 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1098 5 -1 -1 PUNCT cblr-1746 1098 6 + + ADJ cblr-1746 1098 7 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1098 8 = = SYM cblr-1746 1098 9 300 300 NUM cblr-1746 1098 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1098 11 1,000 1,000 NUM cblr-1746 1098 12 - - SYM cblr-1746 1098 13 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1098 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1098 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1098 16 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1098 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1099 1 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1099 2 299.7 299.7 NUM cblr-1746 1099 3 4(0)-1 4(0)-1 NUM cblr-1746 1099 4 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1099 5 -1 -1 X cblr-1746 1099 6 include include VERB cblr-1746 1099 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 1099 8 the the DET cblr-1746 1099 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1099 10 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 1100 1 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1100 2 include include VERB cblr-1746 1100 3 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1100 4 include include VERB cblr-1746 1100 5 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1100 6 include include VERB cblr-1746 1100 7 no no DET cblr-1746 1100 8 include include VERB cblr-1746 1100 9 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1100 10 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1100 11 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1100 12 814 814 NUM cblr-1746 1100 13 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 1100 14 business business NOUN cblr-1746 1100 15 law law NOUN cblr-1746 1100 16 review review NOUN cblr-1746 1101 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 1101 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 1101 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 1101 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 1101 5 third third ADJ cblr-1746 1101 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1101 7 the the DET cblr-1746 1101 8 lodestar lodestar PROPN cblr-1746 1101 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1101 10 crosscheck crosscheck NOUN cblr-1746 1101 11 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1101 12 yields yield NOUN cblr-1746 1101 13 worrisome worrisome ADJ cblr-1746 1101 14 results result NOUN cblr-1746 1101 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1102 1 by by ADP cblr-1746 1102 2 compensating compensate VERB cblr-1746 1102 3 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1102 4 for for ADP cblr-1746 1102 5 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1102 6 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1102 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1102 8 this this DET cblr-1746 1102 9 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1102 10 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1102 11 perversely perversely ADV cblr-1746 1102 12 incentivizes incentivize VERB cblr-1746 1102 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1102 14 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1102 15 to to PART cblr-1746 1102 16 add add VERB cblr-1746 1102 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1102 18 exactly exactly ADV cblr-1746 1102 19 wrong wrong ADJ cblr-1746 1102 20 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1102 21 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1102 22 to to ADP cblr-1746 1102 23 their their PRON cblr-1746 1102 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1102 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 1 a a DET cblr-1746 1103 2 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 1103 3 body body NOUN cblr-1746 1103 4 of of ADP cblr-1746 1103 5 literature literature NOUN cblr-1746 1103 6 faults fault VERB cblr-1746 1103 7 the the DET cblr-1746 1103 8 lodestar lodestar PROPN cblr-1746 1103 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 10 crosscheck crosscheck NOUN cblr-1746 1103 11 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1103 12 for for ADP cblr-1746 1103 13 encouraging encourage VERB cblr-1746 1103 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1103 15 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1103 16 to to PART cblr-1746 1103 17 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 18 pad pad VERB cblr-1746 1103 19 the the DET cblr-1746 1103 20 bills bill NOUN cblr-1746 1103 21 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 22 by by ADP cblr-1746 1103 23 running run VERB cblr-1746 1103 24 up up ADP cblr-1746 1103 25 disingenuous disingenuous ADJ cblr-1746 1103 26 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1103 27 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1103 28 that that PRON cblr-1746 1103 29 do do AUX cblr-1746 1103 30 not not PART cblr-1746 1103 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 32 in in ADP cblr-1746 1103 33 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 1103 34 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 35 benefit benefit VERB cblr-1746 1103 36 the the DET cblr-1746 1103 37 class.278 class.278 NOUN cblr-1746 1103 38 this this PRON cblr-1746 1103 39 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 40 in in ADP cblr-1746 1103 41 turn turn NOUN cblr-1746 1103 42 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 43 requires require VERB cblr-1746 1103 44 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1103 45 to to PART cblr-1746 1103 46 incur incur VERB cblr-1746 1103 47 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 1103 48 administrative administrative ADJ cblr-1746 1103 49 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1103 50 in in ADP cblr-1746 1103 51 reviewing review VERB cblr-1746 1103 52 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1103 53 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1103 54 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1103 55 expense expense NOUN cblr-1746 1103 56 reports report NOUN cblr-1746 1103 57 to to PART cblr-1746 1103 58 ferret ferret VERB cblr-1746 1103 59 out out ADP cblr-1746 1103 60 bill bill NOUN cblr-1746 1103 61 padding.279 padding.279 NOUN cblr-1746 1103 62 the the DET cblr-1746 1103 63 above above ADJ cblr-1746 1103 64 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1103 65 suggests suggest VERB cblr-1746 1103 66 a a DET cblr-1746 1103 67 secondary secondary ADJ cblr-1746 1103 68 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 69 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 1103 70 equally equally ADV cblr-1746 1103 71 insidious insidious ADJ cblr-1746 1103 72 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 73 effect effect NOUN cblr-1746 1103 74 of of ADP cblr-1746 1103 75 the the DET cblr-1746 1103 76 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 1103 77 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 78 crosscheck crosscheck NOUN cblr-1746 1103 79 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1103 80 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 81 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1103 82 are be AUX cblr-1746 1103 83 encouraged encourage VERB cblr-1746 1103 84 to to PART cblr-1746 1103 85 seek seek VERB cblr-1746 1103 86 out out ADP cblr-1746 1103 87 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 1103 88 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1103 89 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1103 90 expend expend VERB cblr-1746 1103 91 considerable considerable ADJ cblr-1746 1103 92 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 1103 93 shoehorning shoehorn VERB cblr-1746 1103 94 those those DET cblr-1746 1103 95 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1103 96 into into ADP cblr-1746 1103 97 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1103 98 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1103 99 at at ADP cblr-1746 1103 100 the the DET cblr-1746 1103 101 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 1103 102 of of ADP cblr-1746 1103 103 every every DET cblr-1746 1103 104 other other ADJ cblr-1746 1103 105 members member NOUN cblr-1746 1103 106 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 107 interests.280 interests.280 VERB cblr-1746 1103 108 by by ADP cblr-1746 1103 109 expending expend VERB cblr-1746 1103 110 a a DET cblr-1746 1103 111 suboptimal suboptimal ADJ cblr-1746 1103 112 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 113 excessive excessive ADJ cblr-1746 1103 114 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 115 amount amount NOUN cblr-1746 1103 116 on on ADP cblr-1746 1103 117 shoehorning shoehorn VERB cblr-1746 1103 118 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1103 119 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 120 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1103 121 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1103 122 both both PRON cblr-1746 1103 123 increases increase VERB cblr-1746 1103 124 the the DET cblr-1746 1103 125 probability probability NOUN cblr-1746 1103 126 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1103 127 a a DET cblr-1746 1103 128 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 1103 129 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1103 130 is be AUX cblr-1746 1103 131 included include VERB cblr-1746 1103 132 in in ADP cblr-1746 1103 133 a a DET cblr-1746 1103 134 certified certified ADJ cblr-1746 1103 135 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1103 136 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 137 harming harm VERB cblr-1746 1103 138 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1103 139 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 140 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1103 141 extracts extract VERB cblr-1746 1103 142 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 1103 143 wealth wealth NOUN cblr-1746 1103 144 from from ADP cblr-1746 1103 145 the the DET cblr-1746 1103 146 remaining remain VERB cblr-1746 1103 147 meritorious meritorious ADJ cblr-1746 1103 148 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1103 149 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1103 150 harming harm VERB cblr-1746 1103 151 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1103 152 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 1 fourth fourth ADJ cblr-1746 1104 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 3 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1104 4 most most ADV cblr-1746 1104 5 importantly importantly ADV cblr-1746 1104 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 7 the the DET cblr-1746 1104 8 modified modify VERB cblr-1746 1104 9 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 10 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1104 11 heavyhanded heavyhanded ADJ cblr-1746 1104 12 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 13 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1104 14 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 1104 16 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1104 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 19 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1104 20 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1104 21 that that PRON cblr-1746 1104 22 does do AUX cblr-1746 1104 23 not not PART cblr-1746 1104 24 278 278 NUM cblr-1746 1104 25 see see VERB cblr-1746 1104 26 howard howard PROPN cblr-1746 1104 27 m. m. NOUN cblr-1746 1104 28 downs downs PROPN cblr-1746 1104 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 30 federal federal ADJ cblr-1746 1104 31 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1104 32 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1104 33 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 34 diminished diminish VERB cblr-1746 1104 35 protection protection NOUN cblr-1746 1104 36 for for ADP cblr-1746 1104 37 the the DET cblr-1746 1104 38 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1104 39 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1104 40 the the DET cblr-1746 1104 41 case case NOUN cblr-1746 1104 42 for for ADP cblr-1746 1104 43 reform reform NOUN cblr-1746 1104 44 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 45 73 73 NUM cblr-1746 1104 46 neb neb PROPN cblr-1746 1104 47 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1104 48 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 1104 49 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 1104 50 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1104 51 646 646 NUM cblr-1746 1104 52 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 53 667 667 NUM cblr-1746 1104 54 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 55 1994 1994 NUM cblr-1746 1104 56 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 57 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 58 observing observe VERB cblr-1746 1104 59 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1104 60 the the DET cblr-1746 1104 61 lodestar lodestar ADJ cblr-1746 1104 62 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 63 crosscheck crosscheck NOUN cblr-1746 1104 64 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1104 65 encourages encourage VERB cblr-1746 1104 66 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1104 67 to to PART cblr-1746 1104 68 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 69 pad pad VERB cblr-1746 1104 70 their their PRON cblr-1746 1104 71 hours hour NOUN cblr-1746 1104 72 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1104 73 otherwise otherwise ADV cblr-1746 1104 74 engage engage VERB cblr-1746 1104 75 in in ADP cblr-1746 1104 76 unethical unethical ADJ cblr-1746 1104 77 activities activity NOUN cblr-1746 1104 78 to to PART cblr-1746 1104 79 enhance enhance VERB cblr-1746 1104 80 their their PRON cblr-1746 1104 81 fees fee NOUN cblr-1746 1104 82 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 83 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 84 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 85 report report NOUN cblr-1746 1104 86 of of ADP cblr-1746 1104 87 the the DET cblr-1746 1104 88 third third ADJ cblr-1746 1104 89 circuit circuit NOUN cblr-1746 1104 90 task task NOUN cblr-1746 1104 91 force force NOUN cblr-1746 1104 92 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 93 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1104 94 note note NOUN cblr-1746 1104 95 47 47 NUM cblr-1746 1104 96 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1104 97 at at ADP cblr-1746 1104 98 255 255 NUM cblr-1746 1104 99 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1105 1 this this DET cblr-1746 1105 2 observation observation NOUN cblr-1746 1105 3 has have AUX cblr-1746 1105 4 not not PART cblr-1746 1105 5 escaped escape VERB cblr-1746 1105 6 the the DET cblr-1746 1105 7 attention attention NOUN cblr-1746 1105 8 of of ADP cblr-1746 1105 9 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1105 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1106 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 1106 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1106 3 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 1106 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1106 5 goldberger goldberger ADJ cblr-1746 1106 6 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 1106 7 integrated integrate VERB cblr-1746 1106 8 res re NOUN cblr-1746 1106 9 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1106 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1106 11 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 1106 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1106 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1106 14 209 209 NUM cblr-1746 1106 15 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 1106 16 43 43 NUM cblr-1746 1106 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1106 18 48 48 NUM cblr-1746 1106 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1106 20 2d 2d NUM cblr-1746 1106 21 cir cir NOUN cblr-1746 1106 22 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1106 23 2000 2000 NUM cblr-1746 1106 24 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1107 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1107 2 noting note VERB cblr-1746 1107 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1107 4 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1107 5 district district NOUN cblr-1746 1107 6 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1107 7 found find VERB cblr-1746 1107 8 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1107 9 it it PRON cblr-1746 1107 10 created create VERB cblr-1746 1107 11 a a DET cblr-1746 1107 12 temptation temptation NOUN cblr-1746 1107 13 for for SCONJ cblr-1746 1107 14 lawyers lawyer NOUN cblr-1746 1107 15 to to PART cblr-1746 1107 16 run run VERB cblr-1746 1107 17 up up ADP cblr-1746 1107 18 the the DET cblr-1746 1107 19 number number NOUN cblr-1746 1107 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 1107 21 hours hour NOUN cblr-1746 1107 22 for for ADP cblr-1746 1107 23 which which PRON cblr-1746 1107 24 they they PRON cblr-1746 1107 25 could could AUX cblr-1746 1107 26 be be AUX cblr-1746 1107 27 paid pay VERB cblr-1746 1107 28 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1107 29 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1107 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 1 279 279 NUM cblr-1746 1108 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 1108 3 macey macey PROPN cblr-1746 1108 4 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1108 5 miller miller PROPN cblr-1746 1108 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 7 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1108 8 note note PROPN cblr-1746 1108 9 26 26 NUM cblr-1746 1108 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 11 at at ADP cblr-1746 1108 12 4 4 NUM cblr-1746 1108 13 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 14 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 1108 15 mclaughlin mclaughlin PROPN cblr-1746 1108 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 17 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1108 18 note note PROPN cblr-1746 1108 19 45 45 NUM cblr-1746 1108 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 21 § § PROPN cblr-1746 1108 22 6:24 6:24 NUM cblr-1746 1108 23 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 24 lamenting lament VERB cblr-1746 1108 25 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1108 26 the the DET cblr-1746 1108 27 lodestar lodestar ADJ cblr-1746 1108 28 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 29 crosscheck crosscheck NOUN cblr-1746 1108 30 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1108 31 involves involve VERB cblr-1746 1108 32 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 33 an an DET cblr-1746 1108 34 inevitable inevitable ADJ cblr-1746 1108 35 waste waste NOUN cblr-1746 1108 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 1108 37 judicial judicial ADJ cblr-1746 1108 38 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 1108 39 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 40 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 1108 41 it it PRON cblr-1746 1108 42 requires require VERB cblr-1746 1108 43 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 44 district district NOUN cblr-1746 1108 45 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1108 46 to to PART cblr-1746 1108 47 engage engage VERB cblr-1746 1108 48 in in ADP cblr-1746 1108 49 a a DET cblr-1746 1108 50 gimlet gimlet NOUN cblr-1746 1108 51 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 52 eyed eyed ADJ cblr-1746 1108 53 review review NOUN cblr-1746 1108 54 of of ADP cblr-1746 1108 55 line line NOUN cblr-1746 1108 56 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 57 item item NOUN cblr-1746 1108 58 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1108 59 audits audits NOUN cblr-1746 1108 60 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 61 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 62 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 63 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 1108 64 goldberger goldberger NOUN cblr-1746 1108 65 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 66 209 209 NUM cblr-1746 1108 67 f.3d f.3d NUM cblr-1746 1108 68 at at ADP cblr-1746 1108 69 49 49 NUM cblr-1746 1108 70 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1108 71 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1109 1 280 280 NUM cblr-1746 1109 2 note note VERB cblr-1746 1109 3 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1109 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1109 5 under under ADP cblr-1746 1109 6 the the DET cblr-1746 1109 7 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 1109 8 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1109 9 crosscheck crosscheck NOUN cblr-1746 1109 10 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1109 11 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1109 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1109 13 the the DET cblr-1746 1109 14 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1109 15 can can AUX cblr-1746 1109 16 recover recover VERB cblr-1746 1109 17 for for ADP cblr-1746 1109 18 time time NOUN cblr-1746 1109 19 spent spend VERB cblr-1746 1109 20 on on ADP cblr-1746 1109 21 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 1109 22 on on ADP cblr-1746 1109 23 which which PRON cblr-1746 1109 24 he he PRON cblr-1746 1109 25 did do AUX cblr-1746 1109 26 not not PART cblr-1746 1109 27 prevail prevail VERB cblr-1746 1109 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1109 29 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1110 1 arnold arnold PROPN cblr-1746 1110 2 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 1110 3 jacobs jacobs PROPN cblr-1746 1110 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1110 5 5e 5e PROPN cblr-1746 1110 6 disclosure disclosure NOUN cblr-1746 1110 7 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1110 8 remedies remedy NOUN cblr-1746 1110 9 under under ADP cblr-1746 1110 10 the the DET cblr-1746 1110 11 securities security NOUN cblr-1746 1110 12 laws law NOUN cblr-1746 1110 13 § § PROPN cblr-1746 1110 14 21:77 21:77 NUM cblr-1746 1110 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1110 16 2015 2015 NUM cblr-1746 1110 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1110 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1111 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1111 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1111 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1111 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 1111 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1112 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 1112 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 1112 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1112 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1112 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 1112 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1112 7 815 815 NUM cblr-1746 1112 8 compensate compensate NOUN cblr-1746 1112 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1112 10 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1112 11 for for ADP cblr-1746 1112 12 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1112 13 incurred incur VERB cblr-1746 1112 14 yields yield NOUN cblr-1746 1112 15 partially partially ADV cblr-1746 1112 16 favorable favorable ADJ cblr-1746 1112 17 results result NOUN cblr-1746 1112 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1113 1 unlike unlike ADP cblr-1746 1113 2 every every DET cblr-1746 1113 3 other other ADJ cblr-1746 1113 4 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1113 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1113 6 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1113 7 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 1113 8 is be AUX cblr-1746 1113 9 excluded exclude VERB cblr-1746 1113 10 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 1113 11 this this DET cblr-1746 1113 12 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1113 13 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1113 14 is be AUX cblr-1746 1113 15 adopted adopt VERB cblr-1746 1113 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1113 17 despite despite SCONJ cblr-1746 1113 18 the the DET cblr-1746 1113 19 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 1113 20 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1113 21 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1113 22 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 1113 23 ostensibly ostensibly ADV cblr-1746 1113 24 represents represent VERB cblr-1746 1113 25 a a DET cblr-1746 1113 26 greater great ADJ cblr-1746 1113 27 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1113 28 benefit benefit NOUN cblr-1746 1113 29 to to ADP cblr-1746 1113 30 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1113 31 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1113 32 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1113 33 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 1113 34 500 500 NUM cblr-1746 1113 35 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1113 36 than than ADP cblr-1746 1113 37 plaintiff plaintiff VERB cblr-1746 1113 38 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 1113 39 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1113 40 $ $ SYM cblr-1746 1113 41 400 400 NUM cblr-1746 1113 42 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1113 43 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1114 1 to to PART cblr-1746 1114 2 state state VERB cblr-1746 1114 3 the the DET cblr-1746 1114 4 obvious obvious ADJ cblr-1746 1114 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1114 6 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1114 7 matter matter NOUN cblr-1746 1114 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1115 1 however however ADV cblr-1746 1115 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1115 3 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 1115 4 of of ADP cblr-1746 1115 5 the the DET cblr-1746 1115 6 combined combine VERB cblr-1746 1115 7 shoehorning shoehorning NOUN cblr-1746 1115 8 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1115 9 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1115 10 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1115 11 that that PRON cblr-1746 1115 12 plaintiff plaintiff VERB cblr-1746 1115 13 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 1115 14 introduces introduce NOUN cblr-1746 1115 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1115 16 this this DET cblr-1746 1115 17 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1115 18 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1115 19 leads lead VERB cblr-1746 1115 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1115 21 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1115 22 to to PART cblr-1746 1115 23 errantly errantly ADV cblr-1746 1115 24 exclude exclude VERB cblr-1746 1115 25 his his PRON cblr-1746 1115 26 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1115 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1116 1 most most ADV cblr-1746 1116 2 importantly importantly ADV cblr-1746 1116 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1116 4 every every DET cblr-1746 1116 5 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1116 6 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1116 7 except except SCONJ cblr-1746 1116 8 the the DET cblr-1746 1116 9 heavy heavy ADV cblr-1746 1116 10 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1116 11 handed handed ADJ cblr-1746 1116 12 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 1116 13 reaches reach VERB cblr-1746 1116 14 the the DET cblr-1746 1116 15 wrong wrong ADJ cblr-1746 1116 16 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1116 17 for for ADP cblr-1746 1116 18 the the DET cblr-1746 1116 19 entirely entirely ADV cblr-1746 1116 20 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 1116 21 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1116 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 1116 23 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1116 24 3 3 X cblr-1746 1116 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1117 1 next next ADV cblr-1746 1117 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1117 3 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 1117 4 what what PRON cblr-1746 1117 5 happens happen VERB cblr-1746 1117 6 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 1117 7 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1117 8 exchange exchange VERB cblr-1746 1117 9 external external ADJ cblr-1746 1117 10 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 1117 11 for for ADP cblr-1746 1117 12 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 1117 13 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 1117 14 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1118 1 at at ADP cblr-1746 1118 2 a a DET cblr-1746 1118 3 high high ADJ cblr-1746 1118 4 level level NOUN cblr-1746 1118 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1118 6 shoehorning shoehorning NOUN cblr-1746 1118 7 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1118 8 are be AUX cblr-1746 1118 9 lessened lessen VERB cblr-1746 1118 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1118 11 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 1118 12 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1118 13 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1118 14 remain remain VERB cblr-1746 1118 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1119 1 under under ADP cblr-1746 1119 2 the the DET cblr-1746 1119 3 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1119 4 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1119 5 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1119 6 light light ADJ cblr-1746 1119 7 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1119 8 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 1119 9 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 1119 10 to to ADP cblr-1746 1119 11 the the DET cblr-1746 1119 12 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 1119 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1119 14 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 1119 15 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 1119 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1119 17 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1119 18 will will AUX cblr-1746 1119 19 not not PART cblr-1746 1119 20 decertify decertify VERB cblr-1746 1119 21 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1119 22 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1119 23 that that PRON cblr-1746 1119 24 include include VERB cblr-1746 1119 25 subtly subtly ADV cblr-1746 1119 26 dissimilar dissimilar ADJ cblr-1746 1119 27 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1119 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1120 1 in in ADP cblr-1746 1120 2 turn turn NOUN cblr-1746 1120 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1120 4 shoehorning shoehorn VERB cblr-1746 1120 5 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1120 6 decline decline NOUN cblr-1746 1120 7 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1121 1 that that PRON cblr-1746 1121 2 said say VERB cblr-1746 1121 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1121 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1121 5 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1121 6 must must AUX cblr-1746 1121 7 still still ADV cblr-1746 1121 8 incur incur VERB cblr-1746 1121 9 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1121 10 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1121 11 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1121 12 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1121 13 discovery discovery NOUN cblr-1746 1121 14 must must AUX cblr-1746 1121 15 yield yield VERB cblr-1746 1121 16 evidence evidence NOUN cblr-1746 1121 17 to to PART cblr-1746 1121 18 support support VERB cblr-1746 1121 19 each each DET cblr-1746 1121 20 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1121 21 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 1121 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1121 23 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 1121 24 defenses defense NOUN cblr-1746 1121 25 must must AUX cblr-1746 1121 26 be be AUX cblr-1746 1121 27 rebutted rebut VERB cblr-1746 1121 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1121 29 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1121 30 the the DET cblr-1746 1121 31 fact fact NOUN cblr-1746 1121 32 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1121 33 finder finder NOUN cblr-1746 1121 34 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1121 35 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1121 36 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1121 37 in in ADP cblr-1746 1121 38 settlement settlement NOUN cblr-1746 1121 39 negotiations negotiation NOUN cblr-1746 1121 40 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1121 41 must must AUX cblr-1746 1121 42 be be AUX cblr-1746 1121 43 persuaded persuade VERB cblr-1746 1121 44 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1121 45 each each DET cblr-1746 1121 46 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1121 47 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 1121 48 is be AUX cblr-1746 1121 49 meritorious meritorious ADJ cblr-1746 1121 50 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1122 1 assume assume VERB cblr-1746 1122 2 a a DET cblr-1746 1122 3 significant significant ADJ cblr-1746 1122 4 change change NOUN cblr-1746 1122 5 in in ADP cblr-1746 1122 6 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 1122 7 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1122 8 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 1122 9 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 1122 10 in in ADP cblr-1746 1122 11 line line NOUN cblr-1746 1122 12 with with ADP cblr-1746 1122 13 the the DET cblr-1746 1122 14 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1122 15 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1122 16 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1122 17 prescriptions prescription NOUN cblr-1746 1122 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1123 1 specifically specifically ADV cblr-1746 1123 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1123 3 for for ADP cblr-1746 1123 4 this this DET cblr-1746 1123 5 stylized stylize VERB cblr-1746 1123 6 example example NOUN cblr-1746 1123 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1123 8 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 1123 9 change change NOUN cblr-1746 1123 10 halves halve VERB cblr-1746 1123 11 net net ADJ cblr-1746 1123 12 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1123 13 by by ADP cblr-1746 1123 14 drastically drastically ADV cblr-1746 1123 15 reducing reduce VERB cblr-1746 1123 16 shoehorning shoehorning NOUN cblr-1746 1123 17 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1123 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1123 19 yielding yield VERB cblr-1746 1123 20 the the DET cblr-1746 1123 21 following follow VERB cblr-1746 1123 22 results result NOUN cblr-1746 1123 23 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1123 24 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1123 25 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1123 26 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1123 27 816 816 NUM cblr-1746 1123 28 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 1123 29 business business NOUN cblr-1746 1123 30 law law PROPN cblr-1746 1123 31 review review NOUN cblr-1746 1123 32 [ [ X cblr-1746 1123 33 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 1123 34 . . NOUN cblr-1746 1123 35 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 1123 36 light light ADJ cblr-1746 1123 37 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 1123 38 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1123 39 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1123 40 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 1123 41 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1123 42 should should AUX cblr-1746 1123 43 not not PART cblr-1746 1123 44 be be AUX cblr-1746 1123 45 included include VERB cblr-1746 1123 46 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 1 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1124 2 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1124 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 4 dx0 dx0 NOUN cblr-1746 1124 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 6 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1124 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 1124 8 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 1124 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 10 xn xn NOUN cblr-1746 1124 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 12 post post NOUN cblr-1746 1124 13 - - NOUN cblr-1746 1124 14 litigation litigation ADJ cblr-1746 1124 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 16 nonlodestar nonlodestar ADJ cblr-1746 1124 17 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1124 18 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1124 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 20 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 1124 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 22 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 1124 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 25 y y X cblr-1746 1124 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 27 dc0 dc0 NOUN cblr-1746 1124 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 29 2,000 2,000 NUM cblr-1746 1124 30 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 31 x3 x3 NOUN cblr-1746 1124 32 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 33 750 750 NUM cblr-1746 1124 34 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 35 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1124 36 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 37 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1124 38 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 39 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1124 40 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1124 41 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1124 42 reimbursement reimbursement NOUN cblr-1746 1124 43 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 44 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1124 45 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 46 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1124 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 1124 48 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1124 49 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1124 50 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 51 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1124 52 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1124 53 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 54 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1124 55 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1124 56 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1124 57 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1124 58 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 59 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1124 60 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1124 61 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 62 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1124 63 net net NOUN cblr-1746 1124 64 of of ADP cblr-1746 1124 65 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1124 66 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1124 67 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 68 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1124 69 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1124 70 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 71 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 1124 72 check check NOUN cblr-1746 1124 73 e e X cblr-1746 1124 74 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 75 4x 4x NUM cblr-1746 1124 76 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 77 award award NOUN cblr-1746 1124 78 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1124 79 dc0 dc0 PROPN cblr-1746 1124 80 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 81 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1124 82 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 83 dc0 dc0 PROPN cblr-1746 1124 84 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1124 85 .7)-x3 .7)-x3 PUNCT cblr-1746 1125 1 -y -y PUNCT cblr-1746 1125 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1125 3 dc0 dc0 NOUN cblr-1746 1125 4 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1125 5 x3 x3 PROPN cblr-1746 1125 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1125 7 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1125 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1125 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1125 10 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1125 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1125 12 dc0-(4)x3 dc0-(4)x3 PROPN cblr-1746 1125 13 counsel counsel PROPN cblr-1746 1125 14 dc0 dc0 PROPN cblr-1746 1125 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1125 16 .3)x3 .3)x3 NOUN cblr-1746 1125 17 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1125 18 dc0 dc0 PROPN cblr-1746 1125 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1125 20 .3)x3+x3 .3)x3+x3 NOUN cblr-1746 1125 21 - - NOUN cblr-1746 1125 22 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1126 1 + + NOUN cblr-1746 1126 2 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1126 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1126 4 dc0 dc0 PROPN cblr-1746 1126 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1126 6 x3 x3 PROPN cblr-1746 1126 7 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1126 8 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1126 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1126 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1126 11 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1126 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1126 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1126 14 4)x3 4)x3 NUM cblr-1746 1126 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1126 16 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1126 17 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1126 18 applied apply VERB cblr-1746 1126 19 2,000(.3)750 2,000(.3)750 NUM cblr-1746 1126 20 - - SYM cblr-1746 1126 21 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1126 22 = = SYM cblr-1746 1126 23 -151 -151 PROPN cblr-1746 1126 24 2,000(.3)750 2,000(.3)750 NUM cblr-1746 1126 25 +750 +750 NUM cblr-1746 1126 26 -1 -1 NOUN cblr-1746 1127 1 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1127 2 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1127 3 = = SYM cblr-1746 1127 4 600 600 NUM cblr-1746 1127 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1127 6 2,000 2,000 NUM cblr-1746 1127 7 - - SYM cblr-1746 1127 8 750 750 NUM cblr-1746 1127 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1127 10 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1127 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1127 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1127 13 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1127 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1127 15 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1127 16 374.7 374.7 NUM cblr-1746 1127 17 4(750)-1 4(750)-1 NUM cblr-1746 1127 18 = = SYM cblr-1746 1127 19 2,999 2,999 NUM cblr-1746 1127 20 include include VERB cblr-1746 1127 21 in in ADP cblr-1746 1127 22 the the DET cblr-1746 1127 23 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1127 24 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 1128 1 no no PRON cblr-1746 1128 2 include include VERB cblr-1746 1128 3 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1128 4 include include VERB cblr-1746 1128 5 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1128 6 include include VERB cblr-1746 1128 7 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1128 8 include include VERB cblr-1746 1128 9 light light ADJ cblr-1746 1128 10 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 1128 11 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1128 12 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1128 13 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 1128 14 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1128 15 should should AUX cblr-1746 1128 16 be be AUX cblr-1746 1128 17 included include VERB cblr-1746 1128 18 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 1 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1129 2 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1129 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 4 dx0 dx0 NOUN cblr-1746 1129 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 6 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1129 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 1129 8 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 1129 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 10 xn xn NOUN cblr-1746 1129 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 12 post post NOUN cblr-1746 1129 13 - - NOUN cblr-1746 1129 14 litigation litigation ADJ cblr-1746 1129 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 16 nonlodestar nonlodestar ADJ cblr-1746 1129 17 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1129 18 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1129 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 20 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 1129 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 22 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 1129 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 25 y y X cblr-1746 1129 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 27 db0 db0 NOUN cblr-1746 1129 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 29 900 900 NUM cblr-1746 1129 30 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 31 x2 x2 NOUN cblr-1746 1129 32 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 33 250 250 NUM cblr-1746 1129 34 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 35 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1129 36 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 37 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1129 38 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 39 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1129 40 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1129 41 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1129 42 reimbursement reimbursement NOUN cblr-1746 1129 43 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 44 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1129 45 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 46 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1129 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 1129 48 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1129 49 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1129 50 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 51 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1129 52 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1129 53 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 54 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1129 55 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1129 56 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1129 57 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1129 58 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 59 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1129 60 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1129 61 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 62 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1129 63 net net NOUN cblr-1746 1129 64 of of ADP cblr-1746 1129 65 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1129 66 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1129 67 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 68 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1129 69 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1129 70 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 71 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 1129 72 check check NOUN cblr-1746 1129 73 e e X cblr-1746 1129 74 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 75 4x 4x NUM cblr-1746 1129 76 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1129 77 award award NOUN cblr-1746 1129 78 db db PROPN cblr-1746 1129 79 0 0 NUM cblr-1746 1130 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 2 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1130 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 4 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1130 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 6 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1130 7 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 8 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1130 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 10 .7)-x2 .7)-x2 PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 11 -y -y PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 13 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1130 14 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 15 x2 x2 PROPN cblr-1746 1130 16 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 17 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1130 18 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 20 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1130 21 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1130 22 db0-(4)x2 db0-(4)x2 NOUN cblr-1746 1131 1 db db X cblr-1746 1131 2 0 0 NUM cblr-1746 1132 1 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1132 2 .3)-x2 .3)-x2 X cblr-1746 1132 3 y y NUM cblr-1746 1132 4 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1132 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1132 6 .3)x2 .3)x2 NOUN cblr-1746 1132 7 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1132 8 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1132 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1132 10 .3)x2+x2 .3)x2+x2 PROPN cblr-1746 1132 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1132 12 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1133 1 + + NOUN cblr-1746 1133 2 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1133 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1133 4 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1133 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1133 6 x2 x2 PROPN cblr-1746 1133 7 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1133 8 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1133 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1133 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1133 11 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1133 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1133 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1133 14 4)x2 4)x2 PROPN cblr-1746 1133 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1133 16 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1133 17 result result VERB cblr-1746 1133 18 900(.3)-2501 900(.3)-2501 NUM cblr-1746 1133 19 = = SYM cblr-1746 1133 20 19 19 NUM cblr-1746 1133 21 900(.3)250 900(.3)250 NUM cblr-1746 1133 22 - - SYM cblr-1746 1133 23 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1133 24 = = NUM cblr-1746 1133 25 19 19 NUM cblr-1746 1133 26 900(.3 900(.3 NUM cblr-1746 1133 27 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1134 1 -250 -250 PROPN cblr-1746 1134 2 +250 +250 X cblr-1746 1135 1 -1 -1 PUNCT cblr-1746 1136 1 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1136 2 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1136 3 = = SYM cblr-1746 1136 4 270 270 NUM cblr-1746 1136 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1136 6 900 900 NUM cblr-1746 1136 7 - - SYM cblr-1746 1136 8 250 250 NUM cblr-1746 1136 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1136 10 1)(.3 1)(.3 NUM cblr-1746 1136 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1136 12 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1136 13 194.7 194.7 NUM cblr-1746 1136 14 4(250)-1 4(250)-1 NUM cblr-1746 1136 15 = = SYM cblr-1746 1136 16 999 999 NUM cblr-1746 1136 17 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1136 18 include include VERB cblr-1746 1136 19 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1136 20 include include VERB cblr-1746 1136 21 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1136 22 include include VERB cblr-1746 1136 23 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1136 24 include include VERB cblr-1746 1136 25 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1136 26 include include VERB cblr-1746 1136 27 table table NOUN cblr-1746 1136 28 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 1136 29 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1136 30 decrease decrease NOUN cblr-1746 1136 31 in in ADP cblr-1746 1136 32 shoehorning shoehorn VERB cblr-1746 1136 33 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1136 34 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1136 35 proportional proportional ADJ cblr-1746 1136 36 per per X cblr-1746 1136 37 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1136 38 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1136 39 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1136 40 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1136 41 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1136 42 no no NOUN cblr-1746 1136 43 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1137 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 1137 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 1137 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1137 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1137 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 1137 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1137 7 817 817 NUM cblr-1746 1137 8 table table NOUN cblr-1746 1137 9 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 1137 10 shows show VERB cblr-1746 1137 11 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1137 12 applying apply VERB cblr-1746 1137 13 a a DET cblr-1746 1137 14 light light ADJ cblr-1746 1137 15 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 1137 16 to to ADP cblr-1746 1137 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1137 18 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 1137 19 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1137 20 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 1137 21 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 1137 22 results result VERB cblr-1746 1137 23 in in ADP cblr-1746 1137 24 no no DET cblr-1746 1137 25 change change NOUN cblr-1746 1137 26 for for ADP cblr-1746 1137 27 three three NUM cblr-1746 1137 28 of of ADP cblr-1746 1137 29 the the DET cblr-1746 1137 30 four four NUM cblr-1746 1137 31 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1137 32 structures structure NOUN cblr-1746 1137 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1138 1 the the DET cblr-1746 1138 2 heavy heavy ADV cblr-1746 1138 3 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1138 4 handed handed ADJ cblr-1746 1138 5 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1138 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1138 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 1138 8 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1138 9 the the DET cblr-1746 1138 10 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1138 11 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1138 12 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1138 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1138 14 however however ADV cblr-1746 1138 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1138 16 yields yield NOUN cblr-1746 1138 17 favorable favorable ADJ cblr-1746 1138 18 results result NOUN cblr-1746 1138 19 across across ADP cblr-1746 1138 20 all all DET cblr-1746 1138 21 three three NUM cblr-1746 1138 22 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1138 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1139 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 1139 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 1139 3 the the DET cblr-1746 1139 4 only only ADJ cblr-1746 1139 5 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1139 6 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1139 7 that that PRON cblr-1746 1139 8 achieves achieve VERB cblr-1746 1139 9 this this DET cblr-1746 1139 10 ideal ideal ADJ cblr-1746 1139 11 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1139 12 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1140 1 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 1140 2 the the DET cblr-1746 1140 3 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1140 4 approaches approach VERB cblr-1746 1140 5 a a DET cblr-1746 1140 6 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1140 7 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1140 8 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1140 9 external external ADJ cblr-1746 1140 10 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 1140 11 with with ADP cblr-1746 1140 12 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 1140 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1140 14 the the DET cblr-1746 1140 15 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1140 16 operating operate VERB cblr-1746 1140 17 under under ADP cblr-1746 1140 18 this this DET cblr-1746 1140 19 scrutinizing scrutinize VERB cblr-1746 1140 20 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1140 21 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1140 22 selfinterestedly selfinterestedly ADV cblr-1746 1140 23 exclude exclude VERB cblr-1746 1140 24 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1140 25 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 1140 26 from from ADP cblr-1746 1140 27 their their PRON cblr-1746 1140 28 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1140 29 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 1140 30 include include VERB cblr-1746 1140 31 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1140 32 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1140 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1140 34 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 1140 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1140 36 functionally functionally ADV cblr-1746 1140 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1140 38 by by ADP cblr-1746 1140 39 exchanging exchange VERB cblr-1746 1140 40 external external ADJ cblr-1746 1140 41 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 1140 42 for for ADP cblr-1746 1140 43 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 1140 44 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 1140 45 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1140 46 the the DET cblr-1746 1140 47 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1140 48 has have AUX cblr-1746 1140 49 employed employ VERB cblr-1746 1140 50 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1140 51 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1140 52 as as ADP cblr-1746 1140 53 its its PRON cblr-1746 1140 54 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 1140 55 for for ADP cblr-1746 1140 56 making make VERB cblr-1746 1140 57 the the DET cblr-1746 1140 58 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1140 59 right right ADJ cblr-1746 1140 60 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1140 61 decisions.281 decisions.281 VERB cblr-1746 1140 62 281 281 NUM cblr-1746 1140 63 see see VERB cblr-1746 1140 64 samuel samuel PROPN cblr-1746 1140 65 issacharoff issacharoff PROPN cblr-1746 1140 66 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1140 67 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1140 68 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1140 69 conflicts conflict NOUN cblr-1746 1140 70 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1140 71 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1140 72 u.c u.c PROPN cblr-1746 1140 73 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1141 1 davis davis PROPN cblr-1746 1141 2 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 1141 3 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 1141 4 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1141 5 805 805 NUM cblr-1746 1141 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1141 7 829 829 NUM cblr-1746 1141 8 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1141 9 1997 1997 NUM cblr-1746 1141 10 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1141 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1141 12 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1141 13 although although SCONJ cblr-1746 1141 14 every every DET cblr-1746 1141 15 system system NOUN cblr-1746 1141 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 1141 17 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 1141 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1141 19 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 1141 20 relations relation NOUN cblr-1746 1141 21 is be AUX cblr-1746 1141 22 fraught fraught ADJ cblr-1746 1141 23 with with ADP cblr-1746 1141 24 difficulty difficulty NOUN cblr-1746 1141 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1141 26 the the DET cblr-1746 1141 27 best good ADJ cblr-1746 1141 28 arrangement arrangement NOUN cblr-1746 1141 29 is be AUX cblr-1746 1141 30 one one NUM cblr-1746 1141 31 in in ADP cblr-1746 1141 32 which which PRON cblr-1746 1141 33 the the DET cblr-1746 1141 34 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1141 35 function function VERB cblr-1746 1141 36 as as ADP cblr-1746 1141 37 partners partner NOUN cblr-1746 1141 38 of of ADP cblr-1746 1141 39 the the DET cblr-1746 1141 40 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1141 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1142 1 the the DET cblr-1746 1142 2 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1142 3 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 1142 4 recovery recovery NOUN cblr-1746 1142 5 should should AUX cblr-1746 1142 6 be be AUX cblr-1746 1142 7 tied tie VERB cblr-1746 1142 8 to to ADP cblr-1746 1142 9 that that PRON cblr-1746 1142 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 1142 11 the the DET cblr-1746 1142 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1142 13 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1142 14 to to ADP cblr-1746 1142 15 the the DET cblr-1746 1142 16 extent extent NOUN cblr-1746 1142 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1142 18 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1142 19 hope hope VERB cblr-1746 1142 20 to to PART cblr-1746 1142 21 prosper prosper VERB cblr-1746 1142 22 in in ADP cblr-1746 1142 23 the the DET cblr-1746 1142 24 representation representation NOUN cblr-1746 1142 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1142 26 that that DET cblr-1746 1142 27 reward reward NOUN cblr-1746 1142 28 should should AUX cblr-1746 1142 29 be be AUX cblr-1746 1142 30 a a DET cblr-1746 1142 31 direct direct ADJ cblr-1746 1142 32 product product NOUN cblr-1746 1142 33 of of ADP cblr-1746 1142 34 what what PRON cblr-1746 1142 35 they they PRON cblr-1746 1142 36 return return VERB cblr-1746 1142 37 to to ADP cblr-1746 1142 38 the the DET cblr-1746 1142 39 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1142 40 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1143 1 the the DET cblr-1746 1143 2 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 1143 3 mechanism mechanism NOUN cblr-1746 1143 4 for for ADP cblr-1746 1143 5 creating create VERB cblr-1746 1143 6 this this DET cblr-1746 1143 7 partnership partnership NOUN cblr-1746 1143 8 is be AUX cblr-1746 1143 9 to to PART cblr-1746 1143 10 establish establish VERB cblr-1746 1143 11 a a DET cblr-1746 1143 12 quasi quasi ADJ cblr-1746 1143 13 - - ADJ cblr-1746 1143 14 contractual contractual ADJ cblr-1746 1143 15 relationship relationship NOUN cblr-1746 1143 16 at at ADP cblr-1746 1143 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1143 18 beginning beginning NOUN cblr-1746 1143 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 1143 20 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1143 21 in in ADP cblr-1746 1143 22 which which PRON cblr-1746 1143 23 the the DET cblr-1746 1143 24 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1143 25 are be AUX cblr-1746 1143 26 provisionally provisionally ADV cblr-1746 1143 27 awarded award VERB cblr-1746 1143 28 a a DET cblr-1746 1143 29 percentage percentage NOUN cblr-1746 1143 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 1143 31 the the DET cblr-1746 1143 32 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1143 33 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1143 34 recovery recovery NOUN cblr-1746 1143 35 should should AUX cblr-1746 1143 36 they they PRON cblr-1746 1143 37 prevail prevail VERB cblr-1746 1143 38 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1143 39 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1143 40 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1143 41 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 1 light light ADJ cblr-1746 1144 2 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 1144 3 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1144 4 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1144 5 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1144 6 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 7 prototypical prototypical ADJ cblr-1746 1144 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 9 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1144 10 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1144 11 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 12 dx0 dx0 NOUN cblr-1746 1144 13 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 14 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1144 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 1144 16 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 1144 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 18 xn xn NOUN cblr-1746 1144 19 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 20 post post NOUN cblr-1746 1144 21 - - NOUN cblr-1746 1144 22 litigation litigation ADJ cblr-1746 1144 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 24 nonlodestar nonlodestar ADJ cblr-1746 1144 25 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1144 26 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1144 27 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 28 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 1144 29 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 30 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 1144 31 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 32 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 33 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1144 34 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 35 da0 da0 NOUN cblr-1746 1144 36 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 37 1,000 1,000 NUM cblr-1746 1144 38 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 39 x1 x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1144 40 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 41 0 0 NUM cblr-1746 1144 42 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 43 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1144 44 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 45 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1144 46 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 47 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1144 48 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1144 49 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1144 50 reimbursement reimbursement NOUN cblr-1746 1144 51 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 52 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1144 53 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 54 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1144 55 of of ADP cblr-1746 1144 56 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1144 57 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1144 58 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 59 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1144 60 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1144 61 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 62 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1144 63 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1144 64 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1144 65 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1144 66 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 67 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1144 68 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1144 69 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 70 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1144 71 net net NOUN cblr-1746 1144 72 of of ADP cblr-1746 1144 73 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1144 74 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1144 75 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 76 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1144 77 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1144 78 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 79 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 1144 80 check check NOUN cblr-1746 1144 81 e e X cblr-1746 1144 82 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 83 4x 4x NUM cblr-1746 1144 84 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 85 award award NOUN cblr-1746 1144 86 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1144 87 da0 da0 PROPN cblr-1746 1144 88 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 89 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1144 90 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 91 da0 da0 NOUN cblr-1746 1144 92 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1144 93 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1144 94 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1145 1 -x1 -x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1145 2 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1145 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1145 4 da0 da0 PROPN cblr-1746 1145 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1145 6 x1 x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1145 7 -y -y PROPN cblr-1746 1145 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1145 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1145 10 .7 .7 NOUN cblr-1746 1145 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1145 12 da0-(4)x1 da0-(4)x1 NOUN cblr-1746 1145 13 counsel counsel PROPN cblr-1746 1145 14 da0 da0 NOUN cblr-1746 1145 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1145 16 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1145 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1146 1 x1 x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1147 1 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1147 2 da0 da0 PROPN cblr-1746 1147 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1147 4 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1147 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1148 1 x1 x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1149 1 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1150 1 x1 x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1150 2 - - PROPN cblr-1746 1150 3 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1151 1 + + NOUN cblr-1746 1151 2 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1151 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1151 4 da0 da0 PROPN cblr-1746 1151 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1151 6 x1 x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1151 7 - - PROPN cblr-1746 1151 8 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1151 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1151 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1151 11 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1151 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1151 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1151 14 4)x1 4)x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1151 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1151 16 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1151 17 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1151 18 applied apply VERB cblr-1746 1151 19 1,000(.3 1,000(.3 NUM cblr-1746 1151 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1151 21 -1 -1 PUNCT cblr-1746 1152 1 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1152 2 299 299 NUM cblr-1746 1152 3 1,000(.3 1,000(.3 NUM cblr-1746 1152 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1152 5 -1 -1 PUNCT cblr-1746 1153 1 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1153 2 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1153 3 = = SYM cblr-1746 1153 4 300 300 NUM cblr-1746 1153 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1153 6 1,000 1,000 NUM cblr-1746 1153 7 - - SYM cblr-1746 1153 8 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1153 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1153 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1153 11 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1153 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1154 1 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1154 2 299.7 299.7 NUM cblr-1746 1154 3 4(0)-1 4(0)-1 NUM cblr-1746 1154 4 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1154 5 -1 -1 X cblr-1746 1154 6 include include VERB cblr-1746 1154 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 1154 8 the the DET cblr-1746 1154 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1154 10 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 1155 1 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1155 2 include include VERB cblr-1746 1155 3 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1155 4 include include VERB cblr-1746 1155 5 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1155 6 include include VERB cblr-1746 1155 7 no no DET cblr-1746 1155 8 include include VERB cblr-1746 1155 9 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1155 10 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1155 11 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1155 12 818 818 NUM cblr-1746 1155 13 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 1155 14 business business NOUN cblr-1746 1155 15 law law PROPN cblr-1746 1155 16 review review NOUN cblr-1746 1156 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 1156 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 1156 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 1156 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 1156 5 this this DET cblr-1746 1156 6 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1156 7 holds hold VERB cblr-1746 1156 8 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 1156 9 one one PRON cblr-1746 1156 10 relaxes relax VERB cblr-1746 1156 11 the the DET cblr-1746 1156 12 assumption assumption NOUN cblr-1746 1156 13 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1156 14 the the DET cblr-1746 1156 15 decrease decrease NOUN cblr-1746 1156 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 1156 17 commonalityand commonalityand NOUN cblr-1746 1156 18 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 1156 19 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1156 20 related relate VERB cblr-1746 1156 21 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1156 22 is be AUX cblr-1746 1156 23 proportionate proportionate ADJ cblr-1746 1156 24 across across ADP cblr-1746 1156 25 each each DET cblr-1746 1156 26 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1156 27 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1156 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1156 29 even even ADV cblr-1746 1156 30 with with SCONJ cblr-1746 1156 31 a a DET cblr-1746 1156 32 fixed fix VERB cblr-1746 1156 33 decrease decrease NOUN cblr-1746 1156 34 in in ADP cblr-1746 1156 35 shoehorning shoehorn VERB cblr-1746 1156 36 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1156 37 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1156 38 light light ADJ cblr-1746 1156 39 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 1156 40 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1156 41 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1156 42 3 3 NUM cblr-1746 1156 43 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1156 44 should should AUX cblr-1746 1156 45 not not PART cblr-1746 1156 46 be be AUX cblr-1746 1156 47 included include VERB cblr-1746 1156 48 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 1 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1157 2 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1157 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 4 dx0 dx0 NOUN cblr-1746 1157 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 6 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1157 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 1157 8 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 1157 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 10 xn xn NOUN cblr-1746 1157 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 12 post post NOUN cblr-1746 1157 13 - - NOUN cblr-1746 1157 14 litigation litigation ADJ cblr-1746 1157 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 16 nonlodestar nonlodestar ADJ cblr-1746 1157 17 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1157 18 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1157 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 20 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 1157 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 22 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 1157 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 25 y y X cblr-1746 1157 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 27 dc0 dc0 NOUN cblr-1746 1157 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 29 2,000 2,000 NUM cblr-1746 1157 30 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 31 x3 x3 NOUN cblr-1746 1157 32 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 33 1,250 1,250 NUM cblr-1746 1157 34 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 35 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1157 36 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 37 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1157 38 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 39 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1157 40 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1157 41 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1157 42 reimbursement reimbursement NOUN cblr-1746 1157 43 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 44 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1157 45 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 46 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1157 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 1157 48 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1157 49 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1157 50 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 51 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1157 52 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1157 53 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 54 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1157 55 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1157 56 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1157 57 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1157 58 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 59 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1157 60 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1157 61 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 62 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1157 63 net net NOUN cblr-1746 1157 64 of of ADP cblr-1746 1157 65 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1157 66 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1157 67 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 68 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1157 69 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1157 70 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 71 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 1157 72 check check NOUN cblr-1746 1157 73 e e X cblr-1746 1157 74 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 75 4x 4x NUM cblr-1746 1157 76 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 77 award award NOUN cblr-1746 1157 78 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1157 79 dc0 dc0 PROPN cblr-1746 1157 80 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 81 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1157 82 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 83 dc0 dc0 PROPN cblr-1746 1157 84 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1157 85 .7)-x3 .7)-x3 PUNCT cblr-1746 1158 1 -y -y PUNCT cblr-1746 1158 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1158 3 dc0 dc0 NOUN cblr-1746 1158 4 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1158 5 x3 x3 PROPN cblr-1746 1158 6 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1158 7 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1158 8 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1158 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1158 10 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1158 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1158 12 dc0-(4)x3 dc0-(4)x3 PROPN cblr-1746 1158 13 counsel counsel PROPN cblr-1746 1158 14 dc0 dc0 PROPN cblr-1746 1158 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1158 16 .3)-x3 .3)-x3 PUNCT cblr-1746 1159 1 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1159 2 dc0 dc0 PROPN cblr-1746 1159 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1159 4 .3)x3+x3 .3)x3+x3 NOUN cblr-1746 1159 5 - - NOUN cblr-1746 1159 6 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1160 1 + + NOUN cblr-1746 1160 2 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1160 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1160 4 dc0 dc0 PROPN cblr-1746 1160 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1160 6 x3 x3 PROPN cblr-1746 1160 7 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1160 8 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1160 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1160 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1160 11 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1160 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1160 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1160 14 4)x3 4)x3 NUM cblr-1746 1160 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1160 16 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1160 17 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1160 18 applied apply VERB cblr-1746 1160 19 2,000(.3)1,250 2,000(.3)1,250 NUM cblr-1746 1160 20 - - SYM cblr-1746 1160 21 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1161 1 = = SYM cblr-1746 1161 2 -651 -651 NOUN cblr-1746 1161 3 2,000(.3)1,250 2,000(.3)1,250 NUM cblr-1746 1162 1 +1,250 +1,250 NOUN cblr-1746 1163 1 -1 -1 PUNCT cblr-1746 1164 1 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1164 2 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1164 3 = = SYM cblr-1746 1164 4 600 600 NUM cblr-1746 1164 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1164 6 2,000 2,000 NUM cblr-1746 1164 7 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1164 8 1,250 1,250 NUM cblr-1746 1164 9 - - SYM cblr-1746 1164 10 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1164 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1164 12 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1164 13 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1164 14 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1165 1 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1166 1 224.7 224.7 NUM cblr-1746 1166 2 4(1,250)-1 4(1,250)-1 NUM cblr-1746 1166 3 = = SYM cblr-1746 1166 4 4,999 4,999 NUM cblr-1746 1166 5 include include VERB cblr-1746 1166 6 in in ADP cblr-1746 1166 7 the the DET cblr-1746 1166 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1166 9 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 1167 1 no no PRON cblr-1746 1167 2 include include VERB cblr-1746 1167 3 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1167 4 include include VERB cblr-1746 1167 5 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1167 6 include include VERB cblr-1746 1167 7 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1167 8 include include VERB cblr-1746 1167 9 light light ADJ cblr-1746 1167 10 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 1167 11 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1167 12 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1167 13 2 2 NUM cblr-1746 1167 14 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1167 15 should should AUX cblr-1746 1167 16 be be AUX cblr-1746 1167 17 included include VERB cblr-1746 1167 18 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 1 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1168 2 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1168 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 4 dx0 dx0 NOUN cblr-1746 1168 5 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 6 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1168 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 1168 8 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 1168 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 10 xn xn NOUN cblr-1746 1168 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 12 post post NOUN cblr-1746 1168 13 - - NOUN cblr-1746 1168 14 litigation litigation ADJ cblr-1746 1168 15 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 16 nonlodestar nonlodestar ADJ cblr-1746 1168 17 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1168 18 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1168 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 20 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 1168 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 22 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 1168 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 25 y y X cblr-1746 1168 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 27 db0 db0 NOUN cblr-1746 1168 28 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 29 900 900 NUM cblr-1746 1168 30 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 31 x2 x2 NOUN cblr-1746 1168 32 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 33 250 250 NUM cblr-1746 1168 34 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 35 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1168 36 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 37 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1168 38 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 39 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1168 40 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1168 41 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1168 42 reimbursement reimbursement NOUN cblr-1746 1168 43 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 44 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1168 45 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 46 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1168 47 of of ADP cblr-1746 1168 48 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1168 49 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1168 50 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 51 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1168 52 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1168 53 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 54 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1168 55 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1168 56 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1168 57 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1168 58 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 59 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1168 60 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1168 61 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 62 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1168 63 net net NOUN cblr-1746 1168 64 of of ADP cblr-1746 1168 65 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1168 66 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1168 67 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 68 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1168 69 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1168 70 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 71 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 1168 72 check check NOUN cblr-1746 1168 73 e e X cblr-1746 1168 74 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 75 4x 4x NUM cblr-1746 1168 76 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 77 award award NOUN cblr-1746 1168 78 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1168 79 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1168 80 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 81 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1168 82 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 83 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1168 84 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 85 .7)-x2 .7)-x2 PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 86 -y -y PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 87 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1168 88 db0 db0 PROPN cblr-1746 1168 89 - 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- SYM cblr-1746 1170 21 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1170 22 = = NUM cblr-1746 1170 23 19 19 NUM cblr-1746 1170 24 900(.3 900(.3 NUM cblr-1746 1170 25 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1171 1 -250 -250 PROPN cblr-1746 1171 2 +250 +250 X cblr-1746 1172 1 -1 -1 PUNCT cblr-1746 1173 1 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1173 2 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1173 3 = = SYM cblr-1746 1173 4 270 270 NUM cblr-1746 1173 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1173 6 900 900 NUM cblr-1746 1173 7 - - SYM cblr-1746 1173 8 250 250 NUM cblr-1746 1173 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1173 10 1)(.3 1)(.3 NUM cblr-1746 1173 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1173 12 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1173 13 194.7 194.7 NUM cblr-1746 1173 14 4(250)-1 4(250)-1 NUM cblr-1746 1173 15 = = SYM cblr-1746 1173 16 999 999 NUM cblr-1746 1173 17 include include VERB cblr-1746 1173 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 1173 19 the the DET cblr-1746 1173 20 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1173 21 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 1174 1 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1174 2 include include VERB cblr-1746 1174 3 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1174 4 include include VERB cblr-1746 1174 5 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1174 6 include include VERB cblr-1746 1174 7 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1174 8 include include VERB cblr-1746 1174 9 table table NOUN cblr-1746 1174 10 4 4 NUM cblr-1746 1174 11 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1174 12 decrease decrease NOUN cblr-1746 1174 13 in in ADP cblr-1746 1174 14 shoehorning shoehorn VERB cblr-1746 1174 15 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1174 16 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1174 17 fixed fix VERB cblr-1746 1174 18 across across ADP cblr-1746 1174 19 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1174 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1174 21 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1174 22 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1174 23 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1174 24 no no NOUN cblr-1746 1174 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1175 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 1175 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 1175 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1175 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1175 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 1175 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1175 7 819 819 NUM cblr-1746 1175 8 this this PRON cblr-1746 1175 9 illustrates illustrate VERB cblr-1746 1175 10 one one NUM cblr-1746 1175 11 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1175 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 1175 13 extant extant ADJ cblr-1746 1175 14 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 1175 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1176 1 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 1176 2 a a DET cblr-1746 1176 3 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1176 4 aggressively aggressively ADV cblr-1746 1176 5 regulates regulate VERB cblr-1746 1176 6 the the DET cblr-1746 1176 7 external external ADJ cblr-1746 1176 8 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 1176 9 of of ADP cblr-1746 1176 10 a a DET cblr-1746 1176 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1176 12 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1176 13 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1176 14 it it PRON cblr-1746 1176 15 not not PART cblr-1746 1176 16 only only ADV cblr-1746 1176 17 engages engage VERB cblr-1746 1176 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 1176 19 a a DET cblr-1746 1176 20 costly costly ADJ cblr-1746 1176 21 activity activity NOUN cblr-1746 1176 22 for for ADP cblr-1746 1176 23 which which PRON cblr-1746 1176 24 its its PRON cblr-1746 1176 25 core core NOUN cblr-1746 1176 26 competencies competency NOUN cblr-1746 1176 27 are be AUX cblr-1746 1176 28 ill ill ADV cblr-1746 1176 29 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1176 30 suited suited ADJ cblr-1746 1176 31 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1176 32 but but CCONJ cblr-1746 1176 33 it it PRON cblr-1746 1176 34 also also ADV cblr-1746 1176 35 contributes contribute VERB cblr-1746 1176 36 little little ADJ cblr-1746 1176 37 to to ADP cblr-1746 1176 38 the the DET cblr-1746 1176 39 goal goal NOUN cblr-1746 1176 40 of of ADP cblr-1746 1176 41 keeping keep VERB cblr-1746 1176 42 the the DET cblr-1746 1176 43 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1176 44 wrong wrong ADJ cblr-1746 1176 45 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1176 46 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1176 47 out out ADP cblr-1746 1176 48 of of ADP cblr-1746 1176 49 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1176 50 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1176 51 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1177 1 its its PRON cblr-1746 1177 2 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 1177 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 1177 4 often often ADV cblr-1746 1177 5 redundant redundant ADJ cblr-1746 1177 6 with with ADP cblr-1746 1177 7 the the DET cblr-1746 1177 8 self self NOUN cblr-1746 1177 9 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1177 10 regulating regulate VERB cblr-1746 1177 11 internalization internalization NOUN cblr-1746 1177 12 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1177 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1177 14 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1177 15 would would AUX cblr-1746 1177 16 achieve achieve VERB cblr-1746 1177 17 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 1177 18 doctrine doctrine NOUN cblr-1746 1177 19 cohered cohere VERB cblr-1746 1177 20 to to ADP cblr-1746 1177 21 the the DET cblr-1746 1177 22 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1177 23 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1177 24 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1177 25 prescriptions prescription NOUN cblr-1746 1177 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1178 1 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 1178 2 the the DET cblr-1746 1178 3 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 1178 4 to to PART cblr-1746 1178 5 include include VERB cblr-1746 1178 6 a a DET cblr-1746 1178 7 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1178 8 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1178 9 is be AUX cblr-1746 1178 10 a a DET cblr-1746 1178 11 function function NOUN cblr-1746 1178 12 of of ADP cblr-1746 1178 13 both both PRON cblr-1746 1178 14 the the DET cblr-1746 1178 15 promised promise VERB cblr-1746 1178 16 reward reward NOUN cblr-1746 1178 17 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1178 18 the the DET cblr-1746 1178 19 net net ADJ cblr-1746 1178 20 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1178 21 of of ADP cblr-1746 1178 22 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1178 23 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1178 24 amplifying amplifying ADJ cblr-1746 1178 25 shoehorning shoehorning NOUN cblr-1746 1178 26 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1178 27 while while SCONJ cblr-1746 1178 28 simultaneously simultaneously ADV cblr-1746 1178 29 scrutinizing scrutinize VERB cblr-1746 1178 30 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 1178 31 yields yield NOUN cblr-1746 1178 32 redundancy redundancy NOUN cblr-1746 1178 33 with with ADP cblr-1746 1178 34 respect respect NOUN cblr-1746 1178 35 to to ADP cblr-1746 1178 36 the the DET cblr-1746 1178 37 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1178 38 wrong wrong ADJ cblr-1746 1178 39 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1178 40 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1178 41 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1178 42 perverse perverse ADJ cblr-1746 1178 43 under under NOUN cblr-1746 1178 44 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1178 45 inclusion inclusion NOUN cblr-1746 1178 46 with with ADP cblr-1746 1178 47 respect respect NOUN cblr-1746 1178 48 to to ADP cblr-1746 1178 49 the the DET cblr-1746 1178 50 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1178 51 right right ADJ cblr-1746 1178 52 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1178 53 ones one NOUN cblr-1746 1178 54 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1179 1 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 1179 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1179 3 a a DET cblr-1746 1179 4 light light ADJ cblr-1746 1179 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1179 6 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 1179 7 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 1179 8 to to ADP cblr-1746 1179 9 the the DET cblr-1746 1179 10 commonality commonality NOUN cblr-1746 1179 11 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1179 12 predominance predominance NOUN cblr-1746 1179 13 requirements requirement NOUN cblr-1746 1179 14 does do AUX cblr-1746 1179 15 not not PART cblr-1746 1179 16 result result VERB cblr-1746 1179 17 in in ADP cblr-1746 1179 18 a a DET cblr-1746 1179 19 uniform uniform ADJ cblr-1746 1179 20 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1179 21 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1179 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 1179 23 zero zero NUM cblr-1746 1179 24 across across ADP cblr-1746 1179 25 all all DET cblr-1746 1179 26 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1179 27 species specie NOUN cblr-1746 1179 28 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1179 29 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1179 30 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1179 31 endure endure VERB cblr-1746 1179 32 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1180 1 the the DET cblr-1746 1180 2 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 1180 3 advised advise VERB cblr-1746 1180 4 by by ADP cblr-1746 1180 5 the the DET cblr-1746 1180 6 above above ADJ cblr-1746 1180 7 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1180 8 is be AUX cblr-1746 1180 9 no no DET cblr-1746 1180 10 panacea panacea NOUN cblr-1746 1180 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1181 1 the the DET cblr-1746 1181 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 1181 3 is be AUX cblr-1746 1181 4 highly highly ADV cblr-1746 1181 5 stylized stylize VERB cblr-1746 1181 6 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1181 7 one one NOUN cblr-1746 1181 8 can can AUX cblr-1746 1181 9 certainly certainly ADV cblr-1746 1181 10 stylize stylize VERB cblr-1746 1181 11 scenarios scenario NOUN cblr-1746 1181 12 in in ADP cblr-1746 1181 13 which which PRON cblr-1746 1181 14 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1181 15 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1181 16 includes include VERB cblr-1746 1181 17 a a DET cblr-1746 1181 18 suboptimal suboptimal ADJ cblr-1746 1181 19 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1181 20 in in ADP cblr-1746 1181 21 a a DET cblr-1746 1181 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1181 23 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1181 24 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 1 however however ADV cblr-1746 1182 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 3 the the DET cblr-1746 1182 4 impact impact NOUN cblr-1746 1182 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 1182 6 these these DET cblr-1746 1182 7 contrarian contrarian ADJ cblr-1746 1182 8 light light ADJ cblr-1746 1182 9 touch touch NOUN cblr-1746 1182 10 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1182 11 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1182 12 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1182 13 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 14 prototypical prototypical ADJ cblr-1746 1182 15 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 16 damages damage NOUN cblr-1746 1182 17 owed owe VERB cblr-1746 1182 18 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 19 dx0 dx0 NOUN cblr-1746 1182 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 21 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1182 22 of of ADP cblr-1746 1182 23 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 1182 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 25 xn xn NOUN cblr-1746 1182 26 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 27 post post NOUN cblr-1746 1182 28 - - NOUN cblr-1746 1182 29 litigation litigation ADJ cblr-1746 1182 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 31 nonlodestar nonlodestar ADJ cblr-1746 1182 32 marginal marginal ADJ cblr-1746 1182 33 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1182 34 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 35 i.e. i.e. X cblr-1746 1182 36 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 37 notice notice NOUN cblr-1746 1182 38 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 39 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 40 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1182 41 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 42 da0 da0 NOUN cblr-1746 1182 43 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 44 1,000 1,000 NUM cblr-1746 1182 45 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 46 x1 x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1182 47 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 48 0 0 NUM cblr-1746 1182 49 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 50 y y NOUN cblr-1746 1182 51 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 52 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1182 53 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 54 fee fee NOUN cblr-1746 1182 55 structure structure NOUN cblr-1746 1182 56 attorney attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1182 57 reimbursement reimbursement NOUN cblr-1746 1182 58 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 59 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1182 60 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 61 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1182 62 of of ADP cblr-1746 1182 63 fund fund NOUN cblr-1746 1182 64 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1182 65 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 66 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1182 67 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1182 68 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 69 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1182 70 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1182 71 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1182 72 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1182 73 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 74 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1182 75 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1182 76 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 77 percent percent NOUN cblr-1746 1182 78 net net NOUN cblr-1746 1182 79 of of ADP cblr-1746 1182 80 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1182 81 e e NOUN cblr-1746 1182 82 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 83 30 30 NUM cblr-1746 1182 84 % % NOUN cblr-1746 1182 85 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 86 lodestar lodestar NOUN cblr-1746 1182 87 check check NOUN cblr-1746 1182 88 e e X cblr-1746 1182 89 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 90 4x 4x NUM cblr-1746 1182 91 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 92 award award NOUN cblr-1746 1182 93 plaintiff plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1182 94 da0 da0 PROPN cblr-1746 1182 95 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 96 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1182 97 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 98 da0 da0 NOUN cblr-1746 1182 99 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1182 100 .7 .7 PROPN cblr-1746 1182 101 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1183 1 -x1 -x1 PROPN cblr-1746 1183 2 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1183 3 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1183 4 da0 da0 PROPN cblr-1746 1183 5 - 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- PUNCT cblr-1746 1189 16 y y PROPN cblr-1746 1189 17 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1189 18 applied apply VERB cblr-1746 1189 19 1,000(.3 1,000(.3 NUM cblr-1746 1189 20 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1189 21 -1 -1 PUNCT cblr-1746 1190 1 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1190 2 299 299 NUM cblr-1746 1190 3 1,000(.3 1,000(.3 NUM cblr-1746 1190 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1190 5 -1 -1 PUNCT cblr-1746 1191 1 + + CCONJ cblr-1746 1191 2 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1191 3 = = SYM cblr-1746 1191 4 300 300 NUM cblr-1746 1191 5 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1191 6 1,000 1,000 NUM cblr-1746 1191 7 - - SYM cblr-1746 1191 8 1 1 NUM cblr-1746 1191 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1191 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1191 11 .3 .3 NUM cblr-1746 1191 12 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1192 1 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1192 2 299.7 299.7 NUM cblr-1746 1192 3 4(0)-1 4(0)-1 NUM cblr-1746 1192 4 = = NOUN cblr-1746 1192 5 -1 -1 X cblr-1746 1192 6 include include VERB cblr-1746 1192 7 in in ADP cblr-1746 1192 8 the the DET cblr-1746 1192 9 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1192 10 ? ? PUNCT cblr-1746 1193 1 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1193 2 include include VERB cblr-1746 1193 3 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1193 4 include include VERB cblr-1746 1193 5 yes yes INTJ cblr-1746 1193 6 include include VERB cblr-1746 1193 7 no no DET cblr-1746 1193 8 include include VERB cblr-1746 1193 9 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1193 10 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1193 11 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1193 12 820 820 NUM cblr-1746 1193 13 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 1193 14 business business NOUN cblr-1746 1193 15 law law PROPN cblr-1746 1193 16 review review NOUN cblr-1746 1194 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 1194 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 1194 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 1194 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 1194 5 outcomes outcome NOUN cblr-1746 1194 6 should should AUX cblr-1746 1194 7 not not PART cblr-1746 1194 8 be be AUX cblr-1746 1194 9 overstated overstate VERB cblr-1746 1194 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1195 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 1195 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 1195 3 difficult difficult ADJ cblr-1746 1195 4 to to PART cblr-1746 1195 5 imagine imagine VERB cblr-1746 1195 6 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1195 7 that that PRON cblr-1746 1195 8 would would AUX cblr-1746 1195 9 be be AUX cblr-1746 1195 10 less less ADV cblr-1746 1195 11 costly costly ADJ cblr-1746 1195 12 to to PART cblr-1746 1195 13 litigate litigate VERB cblr-1746 1195 14 individually individually ADV cblr-1746 1195 15 than than ADP cblr-1746 1195 16 in in ADP cblr-1746 1195 17 a a DET cblr-1746 1195 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1195 19 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1195 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1196 1 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 1196 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1196 3 alternative alternative ADJ cblr-1746 1196 4 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1196 5 suboptimal suboptimal ADJ cblr-1746 1196 6 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1196 7 scenarios scenario NOUN cblr-1746 1196 8 are be AUX cblr-1746 1196 9 no no ADV cblr-1746 1196 10 different different ADJ cblr-1746 1196 11 from from ADP cblr-1746 1196 12 the the DET cblr-1746 1196 13 result result NOUN cblr-1746 1196 14 that that PRON cblr-1746 1196 15 would would AUX cblr-1746 1196 16 be be AUX cblr-1746 1196 17 realized realize VERB cblr-1746 1196 18 in in ADP cblr-1746 1196 19 the the DET cblr-1746 1196 20 status status NOUN cblr-1746 1196 21 quo quo NOUN cblr-1746 1196 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1197 1 within within ADP cblr-1746 1197 2 the the DET cblr-1746 1197 3 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1197 4 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1197 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1197 6 per per ADP cblr-1746 1197 7 the the DET cblr-1746 1197 8 above above ADJ cblr-1746 1197 9 model model NOUN cblr-1746 1197 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1197 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1197 12 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1197 13 are be AUX cblr-1746 1197 14 marginally marginally ADV cblr-1746 1197 15 less less ADV cblr-1746 1197 16 likely likely ADJ cblr-1746 1197 17 to to PART cblr-1746 1197 18 make make VERB cblr-1746 1197 19 a a DET cblr-1746 1197 20 suboptimal suboptimal ADJ cblr-1746 1197 21 decision decision NOUN cblr-1746 1197 22 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 1197 23 they they PRON cblr-1746 1197 24 are be AUX cblr-1746 1197 25 required require VERB cblr-1746 1197 26 to to PART cblr-1746 1197 27 internalize internalize VERB cblr-1746 1197 28 costs.282 costs.282 PROPN cblr-1746 1197 29 one one PRON cblr-1746 1197 30 might might AUX cblr-1746 1197 31 object object VERB cblr-1746 1197 32 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1197 33 this this DET cblr-1746 1197 34 approach approach NOUN cblr-1746 1197 35 is be AUX cblr-1746 1197 36 half half ADV cblr-1746 1197 37 complete complete ADJ cblr-1746 1197 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1197 39 failing fail VERB cblr-1746 1197 40 to to PART cblr-1746 1197 41 account account VERB cblr-1746 1197 42 for for ADP cblr-1746 1197 43 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1197 44 imposed impose VERB cblr-1746 1197 45 on on ADP cblr-1746 1197 46 the the DET cblr-1746 1197 47 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1197 48 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1198 1 after after ADV cblr-1746 1198 2 all all ADV cblr-1746 1198 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1198 4 were be AUX cblr-1746 1198 5 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1198 6 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1198 7 to to PART cblr-1746 1198 8 assemble assemble VERB cblr-1746 1198 9 a a DET cblr-1746 1198 10 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1198 11 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1198 12 that that PRON cblr-1746 1198 13 optimized optimize VERB cblr-1746 1198 14 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1198 15 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1198 16 market market NOUN cblr-1746 1198 17 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1198 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1198 19 there there PRON cblr-1746 1198 20 would would AUX cblr-1746 1198 21 be be AUX cblr-1746 1198 22 little little ADJ cblr-1746 1198 23 reason reason NOUN cblr-1746 1198 24 for for SCONJ cblr-1746 1198 25 the the DET cblr-1746 1198 26 rational rational ADJ cblr-1746 1198 27 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1198 28 to to PART cblr-1746 1198 29 object object VERB cblr-1746 1198 30 to to ADP cblr-1746 1198 31 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 1198 32 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1199 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 1199 2 too too ADV cblr-1746 1199 3 would would AUX cblr-1746 1199 4 realize realize VERB cblr-1746 1199 5 the the DET cblr-1746 1199 6 administrative administrative ADJ cblr-1746 1199 7 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1199 8 efficiency efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 1199 9 gains gain NOUN cblr-1746 1199 10 to to PART cblr-1746 1199 11 be be AUX cblr-1746 1199 12 had have VERB cblr-1746 1199 13 by by ADP cblr-1746 1199 14 aggregating aggregate VERB cblr-1746 1199 15 what what PRON cblr-1746 1199 16 would would AUX cblr-1746 1199 17 otherwise otherwise ADV cblr-1746 1199 18 be be AUX cblr-1746 1199 19 many many ADJ cblr-1746 1199 20 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 1199 21 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1199 22 into into ADP cblr-1746 1199 23 a a DET cblr-1746 1199 24 single single ADJ cblr-1746 1199 25 proceeding proceeding NOUN cblr-1746 1199 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1200 1 that that DET cblr-1746 1200 2 objection objection NOUN cblr-1746 1200 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1200 4 however however ADV cblr-1746 1200 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1200 6 elides elide VERB cblr-1746 1200 7 the the DET cblr-1746 1200 8 dominating dominating NOUN cblr-1746 1200 9 role role NOUN cblr-1746 1200 10 of of ADP cblr-1746 1200 11 a a DET cblr-1746 1200 12 unique unique ADJ cblr-1746 1200 13 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1200 14 that that PRON cblr-1746 1200 15 operates operate VERB cblr-1746 1200 16 only only ADV cblr-1746 1200 17 on on ADP cblr-1746 1200 18 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1200 19 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1200 20 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 1200 21 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1200 22 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1201 1 it it PRON cblr-1746 1201 2 is be AUX cblr-1746 1201 3 almost almost ADV cblr-1746 1201 4 certainly certainly ADV cblr-1746 1201 5 the the DET cblr-1746 1201 6 case case NOUN cblr-1746 1201 7 that that PRON cblr-1746 1201 8 absent absent ADJ cblr-1746 1201 9 such such ADJ cblr-1746 1201 10 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1201 11 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1201 12 would would AUX cblr-1746 1201 13 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 1201 14 prefer prefer VERB cblr-1746 1201 15 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 1201 16 to to ADP cblr-1746 1201 17 the the DET cblr-1746 1201 18 prospect prospect NOUN cblr-1746 1201 19 of of ADP cblr-1746 1201 20 litigating litigate VERB cblr-1746 1201 21 thousands thousand NOUN cblr-1746 1201 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1201 23 or or CCONJ cblr-1746 1201 24 even even ADV cblr-1746 1201 25 millions million NOUN cblr-1746 1201 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1201 27 of of ADP cblr-1746 1201 28 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 1201 29 trials trial NOUN cblr-1746 1201 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1202 1 however however ADV cblr-1746 1202 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1202 3 just just ADV cblr-1746 1202 4 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 1202 5 the the DET cblr-1746 1202 6 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 1202 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 1202 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1202 9 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1202 10 is be AUX cblr-1746 1202 11 shaped shape VERB cblr-1746 1202 12 by by ADP cblr-1746 1202 13 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1202 14 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1202 15 shoehorning shoehorning NOUN cblr-1746 1202 16 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1202 17 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1202 18 the the DET cblr-1746 1202 19 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 1202 20 of of ADP cblr-1746 1202 21 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1202 22 is be AUX cblr-1746 1202 23 shaped shape VERB cblr-1746 1202 24 282 282 NUM cblr-1746 1202 25 it it PRON cblr-1746 1202 26 might might AUX cblr-1746 1202 27 be be AUX cblr-1746 1202 28 argued argue VERB cblr-1746 1202 29 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1202 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1202 31 as as ADP cblr-1746 1202 32 such such ADJ cblr-1746 1202 33 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1202 34 the the DET cblr-1746 1202 35 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1202 36 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1202 37 will will AUX cblr-1746 1202 38 have have VERB cblr-1746 1202 39 a a DET cblr-1746 1202 40 perverse perverse ADJ cblr-1746 1202 41 chilling chilling ADJ cblr-1746 1202 42 effect effect NOUN cblr-1746 1202 43 on on ADP cblr-1746 1202 44 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1202 45 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1202 46 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1203 1 for for ADP cblr-1746 1203 2 example example NOUN cblr-1746 1203 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1203 4 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1203 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1203 6 internalization internalization NOUN cblr-1746 1203 7 may may AUX cblr-1746 1203 8 reduce reduce VERB cblr-1746 1203 9 the the DET cblr-1746 1203 10 pool pool NOUN cblr-1746 1203 11 of of ADP cblr-1746 1203 12 sufficiently sufficiently ADV cblr-1746 1203 13 capitalized capitalize VERB cblr-1746 1203 14 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1203 15 capable capable ADJ cblr-1746 1203 16 of of ADP cblr-1746 1203 17 pursuing pursue VERB cblr-1746 1203 18 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1203 19 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1203 20 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1204 1 this this DET cblr-1746 1204 2 barriers barrier NOUN cblr-1746 1204 3 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1204 4 to to ADP cblr-1746 1204 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1204 6 entry entry NOUN cblr-1746 1204 7 argument argument NOUN cblr-1746 1204 8 has have AUX cblr-1746 1204 9 been be AUX cblr-1746 1204 10 roundly roundly ADV cblr-1746 1204 11 dismissed dismiss VERB cblr-1746 1204 12 in in ADP cblr-1746 1204 13 the the DET cblr-1746 1204 14 market market NOUN cblr-1746 1204 15 context context NOUN cblr-1746 1204 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1205 1 see see VERB cblr-1746 1205 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1205 3 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 1205 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1205 5 bork bork NOUN cblr-1746 1205 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1205 7 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1205 8 note note NOUN cblr-1746 1205 9 229 229 NUM cblr-1746 1205 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1205 11 at at ADP cblr-1746 1205 12 310 310 NUM cblr-1746 1205 13 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1205 14 29 29 NUM cblr-1746 1205 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1206 1 moreover moreover ADV cblr-1746 1206 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1206 3 in in ADP cblr-1746 1206 4 the the DET cblr-1746 1206 5 specific specific ADJ cblr-1746 1206 6 context context NOUN cblr-1746 1206 7 of of ADP cblr-1746 1206 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1206 9 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1206 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1206 11 there there PRON cblr-1746 1206 12 are be VERB cblr-1746 1206 13 multiple multiple ADJ cblr-1746 1206 14 solutions solution NOUN cblr-1746 1206 15 to to ADP cblr-1746 1206 16 this this DET cblr-1746 1206 17 problem problem NOUN cblr-1746 1206 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1206 19 including include VERB cblr-1746 1206 20 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1206 21 pooling pooling NOUN cblr-1746 1206 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1206 23 see see VERB cblr-1746 1206 24 howard howard PROPN cblr-1746 1206 25 m. m. PROPN cblr-1746 1206 26 erichson erichson PROPN cblr-1746 1206 27 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1206 28 the the DET cblr-1746 1206 29 end end NOUN cblr-1746 1206 30 of of ADP cblr-1746 1206 31 the the DET cblr-1746 1206 32 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1206 33 advantage advantage NOUN cblr-1746 1206 34 in in ADP cblr-1746 1206 35 tobacco tobacco NOUN cblr-1746 1206 36 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1206 37 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1206 38 26 26 NUM cblr-1746 1206 39 wm wm PROPN cblr-1746 1206 40 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1206 41 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1206 42 mary mary PROPN cblr-1746 1206 43 envtl envtl PROPN cblr-1746 1206 44 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 1207 2 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1207 3 pol’y pol’y NOUN cblr-1746 1207 4 rev rev VERB cblr-1746 1207 5 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1207 6 123 123 NUM cblr-1746 1207 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 8 131 131 NUM cblr-1746 1207 9 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 10 2001 2001 NUM cblr-1746 1207 11 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1207 14 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1207 15 financing financing NOUN cblr-1746 1207 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 17 see see VERB cblr-1746 1207 18 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 1207 19 tyler tyler PROPN cblr-1746 1207 20 w. w. PROPN cblr-1746 1207 21 hill hill PROPN cblr-1746 1207 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 23 note note VERB cblr-1746 1207 24 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 25 financing finance VERB cblr-1746 1207 26 the the DET cblr-1746 1207 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1207 28 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 29 strengthening strengthen VERB cblr-1746 1207 30 the the DET cblr-1746 1207 31 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1207 32 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1207 33 through through ADP cblr-1746 1207 34 third third ADJ cblr-1746 1207 35 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 36 party party NOUN cblr-1746 1207 37 investment investment NOUN cblr-1746 1207 38 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 39 125 125 NUM cblr-1746 1207 40 yale yale PROPN cblr-1746 1207 41 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 1207 42 j. j. PROPN cblr-1746 1207 43 484 484 NUM cblr-1746 1207 44 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 45 2015 2015 NUM cblr-1746 1207 46 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1207 47 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1208 1 finally finally ADV cblr-1746 1208 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1208 3 it it PRON cblr-1746 1208 4 is be AUX cblr-1746 1208 5 not not PART cblr-1746 1208 6 clear clear ADJ cblr-1746 1208 7 who who PRON cblr-1746 1208 8 stands stand VERB cblr-1746 1208 9 to to PART cblr-1746 1208 10 lose lose VERB cblr-1746 1208 11 in in ADP cblr-1746 1208 12 a a DET cblr-1746 1208 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1208 14 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1208 15 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1208 16 market market NOUN cblr-1746 1208 17 that that PRON cblr-1746 1208 18 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1208 19 like like ADP cblr-1746 1208 20 most most ADJ cblr-1746 1208 21 markets market NOUN cblr-1746 1208 22 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1208 23 requires require VERB cblr-1746 1208 24 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1208 25 internalization internalization NOUN cblr-1746 1208 26 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1208 27 other other ADJ cblr-1746 1208 28 than than ADP cblr-1746 1208 29 under under ADV cblr-1746 1208 30 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1208 31 capitalized capitalize VERB cblr-1746 1208 32 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1208 33 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1209 1 from from ADP cblr-1746 1209 2 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1209 3 members member NOUN cblr-1746 1209 4 ’ ’ PART cblr-1746 1209 5 perspective perspective NOUN cblr-1746 1209 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1209 7 little little ADJ cblr-1746 1209 8 should should AUX cblr-1746 1209 9 change change VERB cblr-1746 1209 10 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1210 1 indeed indeed ADV cblr-1746 1210 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1210 3 the the DET cblr-1746 1210 4 very very ADJ cblr-1746 1210 5 premise premise NOUN cblr-1746 1210 6 of of ADP cblr-1746 1210 7 the the DET cblr-1746 1210 8 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1210 9 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1210 10 is be AUX cblr-1746 1210 11 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1210 12 quality quality NOUN cblr-1746 1210 13 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1210 14 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1210 15 will will AUX cblr-1746 1210 16 be be AUX cblr-1746 1210 17 brought bring VERB cblr-1746 1210 18 because because SCONJ cblr-1746 1210 19 the the DET cblr-1746 1210 20 expected expect VERB cblr-1746 1210 21 value value NOUN cblr-1746 1210 22 exceeds exceed VERB cblr-1746 1210 23 the the DET cblr-1746 1210 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1210 25 admittedly admittedly ADV cblr-1746 1210 26 burdensome burdensome ADJ cblr-1746 1210 27 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1210 28 ex ex NOUN cblr-1746 1210 29 ante ante NOUN cblr-1746 1210 30 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1210 31 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1211 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1211 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1211 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1211 4 no no NOUN cblr-1746 1211 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1212 1 3:740 3:740 NUM cblr-1746 1212 2 ] ] X cblr-1746 1212 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1212 4 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1212 5 as as ADP cblr-1746 1212 6 firms firm NOUN cblr-1746 1212 7 821 821 NUM cblr-1746 1212 8 by by ADP cblr-1746 1212 9 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1212 10 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1212 11 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 1212 12 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1212 13 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1213 1 there there PRON cblr-1746 1213 2 are be VERB cblr-1746 1213 3 at at ADV cblr-1746 1213 4 least least ADV cblr-1746 1213 5 two two NUM cblr-1746 1213 6 liability liability NOUN cblr-1746 1213 7 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1213 8 that that PRON cblr-1746 1213 9 lead lead VERB cblr-1746 1213 10 defendants defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1213 11 to to PART cblr-1746 1213 12 oppose oppose VERB cblr-1746 1213 13 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 1213 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1213 15 despite despite SCONJ cblr-1746 1213 16 the the DET cblr-1746 1213 17 prospect prospect NOUN cblr-1746 1213 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 1213 19 administrative administrative ADJ cblr-1746 1213 20 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1213 21 efficiency efficiency NOUN cblr-1746 1213 22 gains gain NOUN cblr-1746 1213 23 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1214 1 first first ADV cblr-1746 1214 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1214 3 oftentimes oftentimes PROPN cblr-1746 1214 4 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1214 5 pursued pursue VERB cblr-1746 1214 6 in in ADP cblr-1746 1214 7 a a DET cblr-1746 1214 8 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1214 9 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1214 10 are be AUX cblr-1746 1214 11 unlikely unlikely ADJ cblr-1746 1214 12 to to PART cblr-1746 1214 13 be be AUX cblr-1746 1214 14 brought bring VERB cblr-1746 1214 15 as as ADP cblr-1746 1214 16 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 1214 17 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1214 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1215 1 second second ADJ cblr-1746 1215 2 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1215 3 as as SCONJ cblr-1746 1215 4 behavioral behavioral ADJ cblr-1746 1215 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1215 6 science science NOUN cblr-1746 1215 7 studies study NOUN cblr-1746 1215 8 indicate indicate VERB cblr-1746 1215 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1215 10 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 1215 11 increases increase VERB cblr-1746 1215 12 the the DET cblr-1746 1215 13 risk risk NOUN cblr-1746 1215 14 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1215 15 a a DET cblr-1746 1215 16 factfinder factfinder NOUN cblr-1746 1215 17 will will AUX cblr-1746 1215 18 find find VERB cblr-1746 1215 19 a a DET cblr-1746 1215 20 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1215 21 liable.283 liable.283 NOUN cblr-1746 1215 22 returning return VERB cblr-1746 1215 23 to to ADP cblr-1746 1215 24 the the DET cblr-1746 1215 25 stylized stylize VERB cblr-1746 1215 26 example example NOUN cblr-1746 1215 27 with with ADP cblr-1746 1215 28 which which PRON cblr-1746 1215 29 this this DET cblr-1746 1215 30 inquiry inquiry NOUN cblr-1746 1215 31 began begin VERB cblr-1746 1215 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1215 33 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1215 34 can can AUX cblr-1746 1215 35 compel compel VERB cblr-1746 1215 36 self self NOUN cblr-1746 1215 37 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1215 38 interested interest VERB cblr-1746 1215 39 attorneys attorney NOUN cblr-1746 1215 40 to to PART cblr-1746 1215 41 engage engage VERB cblr-1746 1215 42 in in ADP cblr-1746 1215 43 market market NOUN cblr-1746 1215 44 mimicking mimic VERB cblr-1746 1215 45 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 1215 46 without without ADP cblr-1746 1215 47 overly overly ADV cblr-1746 1215 48 scrutinizing scrutinize VERB cblr-1746 1215 49 a a DET cblr-1746 1215 50 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1215 51 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1215 52 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1215 53 external external ADJ cblr-1746 1215 54 boundaries boundary NOUN cblr-1746 1215 55 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1216 1 when when SCONJ cblr-1746 1216 2 the the DET cblr-1746 1216 3 complete complete ADJ cblr-1746 1216 4 range range NOUN cblr-1746 1216 5 of of ADP cblr-1746 1216 6 the the DET cblr-1746 1216 7 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1216 8 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1216 9 ’s ’s PART cblr-1746 1216 10 prescriptions prescription NOUN cblr-1746 1216 11 are be AUX cblr-1746 1216 12 adopted adopt VERB cblr-1746 1216 13 in in ADP cblr-1746 1216 14 tandem tandem NOUN cblr-1746 1216 15 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1216 16 both both CCONJ cblr-1746 1216 17 external external ADJ cblr-1746 1216 18 deference deference NOUN cblr-1746 1216 19 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1216 20 heavy heavy ADJ cblr-1746 1216 21 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1216 22 handed handed ADJ cblr-1746 1216 23 internal internal ADJ cblr-1746 1216 24 scrutiny scrutiny NOUN cblr-1746 1216 25 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1216 26 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1216 27 counsel counsel NOUN cblr-1746 1216 28 do do AUX cblr-1746 1216 29 not not PART cblr-1746 1216 30 need need VERB cblr-1746 1216 31 to to PART cblr-1746 1216 32 be be AUX cblr-1746 1216 33 told tell VERB cblr-1746 1216 34 by by ADP cblr-1746 1216 35 the the DET cblr-1746 1216 36 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1216 37 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1216 38 they they PRON cblr-1746 1216 39 should should AUX cblr-1746 1216 40 not not PART cblr-1746 1216 41 include include VERB cblr-1746 1216 42 an an DET cblr-1746 1216 43 unrelated unrelated ADJ cblr-1746 1216 44 claim claim NOUN cblr-1746 1216 45 in in ADP cblr-1746 1216 46 their their PRON cblr-1746 1216 47 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1216 48 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1216 49 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1217 1 vi vi X cblr-1746 1217 2 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1217 3 conclusion conclusion NOUN cblr-1746 1217 4 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1217 5 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1217 6 law law NOUN cblr-1746 1217 7 is be AUX cblr-1746 1217 8 riddled riddle VERB cblr-1746 1217 9 with with ADP cblr-1746 1217 10 dualities duality NOUN cblr-1746 1217 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1218 1 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 1218 2 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 1218 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1218 4 which which PRON cblr-1746 1218 5 might might AUX cblr-1746 1218 6 be be AUX cblr-1746 1218 7 read read VERB cblr-1746 1218 8 to to PART cblr-1746 1218 9 invite invite VERB cblr-1746 1218 10 a a DET cblr-1746 1218 11 unifying unifying NOUN cblr-1746 1218 12 framework,284 framework,284 NOUN cblr-1746 1218 13 both both PRON cblr-1746 1218 14 permits permit VERB cblr-1746 1218 15 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1218 16 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1218 17 as as ADP cblr-1746 1218 18 an an DET cblr-1746 1218 19 exception exception NOUN cblr-1746 1218 20 to to ADP cblr-1746 1218 21 the the DET cblr-1746 1218 22 common common ADJ cblr-1746 1218 23 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1218 24 law law NOUN cblr-1746 1218 25 prohibition prohibition NOUN cblr-1746 1218 26 on on ADP cblr-1746 1218 27 aggregate aggregate ADJ cblr-1746 1218 28 litigation litigation NOUN cblr-1746 1218 29 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1218 30 restrains restrain VERB cblr-1746 1218 31 that that DET cblr-1746 1218 32 exception exception NOUN cblr-1746 1218 33 in in ADP cblr-1746 1218 34 important important ADJ cblr-1746 1218 35 ways.285 ways.285 PROPN cblr-1746 1218 36 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1218 37 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1218 38 themselves themselves PRON cblr-1746 1218 39 can can AUX cblr-1746 1218 40 be be AUX cblr-1746 1218 41 viewed view VERB cblr-1746 1218 42 as as ADP cblr-1746 1218 43 serving serve VERB cblr-1746 1218 44 a a DET cblr-1746 1218 45 multitude multitude NOUN cblr-1746 1218 46 of of ADP cblr-1746 1218 47 unique unique ADJ cblr-1746 1218 48 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1218 49 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1218 50 at at ADP cblr-1746 1218 51 times time NOUN cblr-1746 1218 52 competing compete VERB cblr-1746 1218 53 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1218 54 283 283 NUM cblr-1746 1218 55 see see VERB cblr-1746 1218 56 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 1218 57 irwin irwin PROPN cblr-1746 1218 58 a. a. PROPN cblr-1746 1218 59 horowitz horowitz PROPN cblr-1746 1218 60 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1218 61 kenneth kenneth PROPN cblr-1746 1218 62 s. s. PROPN cblr-1746 1218 63 bordens bordens PROPN cblr-1746 1218 64 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1218 65 the the DET cblr-1746 1218 66 effects effect NOUN cblr-1746 1218 67 of of ADP cblr-1746 1218 68 outlier outlier ADJ cblr-1746 1218 69 presence presence NOUN cblr-1746 1218 70 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1218 71 plaintiff plaintiff VERB cblr-1746 1218 72 population population NOUN cblr-1746 1218 73 size size NOUN cblr-1746 1218 74 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1218 75 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1218 76 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 1218 77 of of ADP cblr-1746 1218 78 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1218 79 on on ADP cblr-1746 1218 80 simulated simulate VERB cblr-1746 1218 81 civil civil ADJ cblr-1746 1218 82 jury jury NOUN cblr-1746 1218 83 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 1218 84 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1218 85 12 12 NUM cblr-1746 1218 86 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 1218 87 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1218 88 human human PROPN cblr-1746 1218 89 behav behav NOUN cblr-1746 1218 90 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1219 1 209 209 NUM cblr-1746 1219 2 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1219 3 1988 1988 NUM cblr-1746 1219 4 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1219 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1220 1 284 284 NUM cblr-1746 1220 2 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 1220 3 the the DET cblr-1746 1220 4 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 1220 5 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 1220 6 superiority superiority NOUN cblr-1746 1220 7 requirement requirement NOUN cblr-1746 1220 8 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1220 9 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1220 10 a a DET cblr-1746 1220 11 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1220 12 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1220 13 may may AUX cblr-1746 1220 14 be be AUX cblr-1746 1220 15 maintained maintain VERB cblr-1746 1220 16 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 1220 17 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 1220 18 23(a 23(a NUM cblr-1746 1220 19 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1220 20 is be AUX cblr-1746 1220 21 satisfied satisfied ADJ cblr-1746 1220 22 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1220 23 if if SCONJ cblr-1746 1220 24 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1220 25 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1220 26 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1220 27 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1221 1 the the DET cblr-1746 1221 2 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1221 3 finds find VERB cblr-1746 1221 4 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1221 5 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1221 6 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1222 1 that that PRON cblr-1746 1222 2 a a DET cblr-1746 1222 3 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1222 4 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1222 5 is be AUX cblr-1746 1222 6 superior superior ADJ cblr-1746 1222 7 to to ADP cblr-1746 1222 8 other other ADJ cblr-1746 1222 9 available available ADJ cblr-1746 1222 10 methods method NOUN cblr-1746 1222 11 for for ADP cblr-1746 1222 12 fairly fairly ADV cblr-1746 1222 13 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1222 14 efficiently efficiently ADV cblr-1746 1222 15 adjudicating adjudicate VERB cblr-1746 1222 16 the the DET cblr-1746 1222 17 controversy controversy NOUN cblr-1746 1222 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1222 19 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1223 1 fed fed PROPN cblr-1746 1223 2 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1224 1 r. r. PROPN cblr-1746 1224 2 civ civ PROPN cblr-1746 1224 3 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 1 p. p. NOUN cblr-1746 1225 2 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NUM cblr-1746 1225 3 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 4 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 5 see see VERB cblr-1746 1225 6 also also ADV cblr-1746 1225 7 betson betson NOUN cblr-1746 1225 8 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1225 9 tidmarsh tidmarsh PROPN cblr-1746 1225 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 11 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1225 12 note note NOUN cblr-1746 1225 13 96 96 NUM cblr-1746 1225 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 15 at at ADP cblr-1746 1225 16 567–68 567–68 NUM cblr-1746 1225 17 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 18 noting note VERB cblr-1746 1225 19 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1225 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 21 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 22 [ [ X cblr-1746 1225 23 i]n i]n ADJ cblr-1746 1225 24 theory theory NOUN cblr-1746 1225 25 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 26 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 1225 27 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1225 28 size size NOUN cblr-1746 1225 29 could could AUX cblr-1746 1225 30 be be AUX cblr-1746 1225 31 a a DET cblr-1746 1225 32 relevant relevant ADJ cblr-1746 1225 33 variable variable NOUN cblr-1746 1225 34 in in ADP cblr-1746 1225 35 determining determine VERB cblr-1746 1225 36 whether whether SCONJ cblr-1746 1225 37 the the DET cblr-1746 1225 38 superiority superiority NOUN cblr-1746 1225 39 prong prong NOUN cblr-1746 1225 40 in in ADP cblr-1746 1225 41 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 1225 42 23(b)(3 23(b)(3 NOUN cblr-1746 1225 43 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 44 opt opt NOUN cblr-1746 1225 45 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 46 out out ADP cblr-1746 1225 47 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1225 48 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1225 49 has have AUX cblr-1746 1225 50 been be AUX cblr-1746 1225 51 met meet VERB cblr-1746 1225 52 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 53 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 54 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 55 i i PRON cblr-1746 1225 56 d. d. PROPN cblr-1746 1225 57 at at ADP cblr-1746 1225 58 573 573 NUM cblr-1746 1225 59 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 60 stating state VERB cblr-1746 1225 61 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1225 62 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 63 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 1225 64 of of ADP cblr-1746 1225 65 the the DET cblr-1746 1225 66 superiority superiority NOUN cblr-1746 1225 67 of of ADP cblr-1746 1225 68 a a DET cblr-1746 1225 69 particular particular ADJ cblr-1746 1225 70 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1225 71 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1225 72 to to ADP cblr-1746 1225 73 other other ADJ cblr-1746 1225 74 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 1225 75 devices device NOUN cblr-1746 1225 76 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 77 an an DET cblr-1746 1225 78 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 1225 79 that that PRON cblr-1746 1225 80 must must AUX cblr-1746 1225 81 consider consider VERB cblr-1746 1225 82 the the DET cblr-1746 1225 83 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 1225 84 size size NOUN cblr-1746 1225 85 of of ADP cblr-1746 1225 86 the the DET cblr-1746 1225 87 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1225 88 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 89 is be AUX cblr-1746 1225 90 a a DET cblr-1746 1225 91 better well ADJ cblr-1746 1225 92 way way NOUN cblr-1746 1225 93 to to PART cblr-1746 1225 94 ensure ensure VERB cblr-1746 1225 95 optimal optimal ADJ cblr-1746 1225 96 aggregation aggregation NOUN cblr-1746 1225 97 than than ADP cblr-1746 1225 98 the the DET cblr-1746 1225 99 indirect indirect ADJ cblr-1746 1225 100 method method NOUN cblr-1746 1225 101 of of ADP cblr-1746 1225 102 relying rely VERB cblr-1746 1225 103 on on ADP cblr-1746 1225 104 opt opt NOUN cblr-1746 1225 105 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 106 outs out NOUN cblr-1746 1225 107 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 108 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1225 109 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1226 1 285 285 NUM cblr-1746 1226 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 1226 3 generally generally ADV cblr-1746 1226 4 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1226 5 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 1226 6 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1226 7 hansberry hansberry PROPN cblr-1746 1226 8 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 1226 9 lee lee PROPN cblr-1746 1226 10 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1226 11 311 311 NUM cblr-1746 1226 12 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 1226 13 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1226 14 32 32 NUM cblr-1746 1226 15 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1226 16 1940 1940 NUM cblr-1746 1226 17 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1226 18 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1227 1 parkinson parkinson NOUN cblr-1746 1227 2 – – PUNCT cblr-1746 1227 3 final final ADJ cblr-1746 1227 4 822 822 NUM cblr-1746 1227 5 columbia columbia PROPN cblr-1746 1227 6 business business NOUN cblr-1746 1227 7 law law PROPN cblr-1746 1227 8 review review NOUN cblr-1746 1228 1 [ [ X cblr-1746 1228 2 vol vol NOUN cblr-1746 1228 3 . . NOUN cblr-1746 1228 4 2016 2016 NUM cblr-1746 1228 5 policy policy NOUN cblr-1746 1228 6 goals goal NOUN cblr-1746 1228 7 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1228 8 ensuring ensure VERB cblr-1746 1228 9 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1228 10 all all DET cblr-1746 1228 11 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN cblr-1746 1228 12 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1228 13 no no ADV cblr-1746 1228 14 matter matter ADV cblr-1746 1228 15 how how SCONJ cblr-1746 1228 16 comparatively comparatively ADV cblr-1746 1228 17 small small ADJ cblr-1746 1228 18 their their PRON cblr-1746 1228 19 claims claim NOUN cblr-1746 1228 20 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1228 21 have have VERB cblr-1746 1228 22 their their PRON cblr-1746 1228 23 rights right NOUN cblr-1746 1228 24 vindicated vindicate VERB cblr-1746 1228 25 in in ADP cblr-1746 1228 26 court;286 court;286 PROPN cblr-1746 1228 27 preserving preserve VERB cblr-1746 1228 28 the the DET cblr-1746 1228 29 time time NOUN cblr-1746 1228 30 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1228 31 energy energy NOUN cblr-1746 1228 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1228 33 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1228 34 effort effort NOUN cblr-1746 1228 35 of of ADP cblr-1746 1228 36 resource resource NOUN cblr-1746 1228 37 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1228 38 strapped strap VERB cblr-1746 1228 39 courts;287 courts;287 NOUN cblr-1746 1228 40 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1228 41 deterring deter VERB cblr-1746 1228 42 bad bad ADJ cblr-1746 1228 43 actors.288 actors.288 NOUN cblr-1746 1228 44 there there PRON cblr-1746 1228 45 is be VERB cblr-1746 1228 46 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1228 47 however however ADV cblr-1746 1228 48 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1228 49 a a DET cblr-1746 1228 50 consistency consistency NOUN cblr-1746 1228 51 to to ADP cblr-1746 1228 52 this this DET cblr-1746 1228 53 tension tension NOUN cblr-1746 1228 54 — — PUNCT cblr-1746 1228 55 a a DET cblr-1746 1228 56 consistency consistency NOUN cblr-1746 1228 57 defined define VERB cblr-1746 1228 58 by by ADP cblr-1746 1228 59 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1228 60 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1228 61 benefit benefit NOUN cblr-1746 1228 62 analysis analysis NOUN cblr-1746 1228 63 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1229 1 a a DET cblr-1746 1229 2 unified unify VERB cblr-1746 1229 3 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1229 4 might might AUX cblr-1746 1229 5 aid aid VERB cblr-1746 1229 6 in in ADP cblr-1746 1229 7 balancing balance VERB cblr-1746 1229 8 inputs input NOUN cblr-1746 1229 9 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1229 10 translating translate VERB cblr-1746 1229 11 outputs output NOUN cblr-1746 1229 12 into into ADP cblr-1746 1229 13 doctrinal doctrinal ADJ cblr-1746 1229 14 prescriptions prescription NOUN cblr-1746 1229 15 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1230 1 of of ADP cblr-1746 1230 2 late late ADV cblr-1746 1230 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1230 4 the the DET cblr-1746 1230 5 preferred prefer VERB cblr-1746 1230 6 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1230 7 has have AUX cblr-1746 1230 8 been be AUX cblr-1746 1230 9 to to PART cblr-1746 1230 10 apply apply VERB cblr-1746 1230 11 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 1230 12 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 1230 13 like like ADP cblr-1746 1230 14 a a DET cblr-1746 1230 15 hammer hammer NOUN cblr-1746 1230 16 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1230 17 crushing crush VERB cblr-1746 1230 18 all all DET cblr-1746 1230 19 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 1230 20 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1230 21 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 1230 22 nails nail NOUN cblr-1746 1230 23 that that PRON cblr-1746 1230 24 appear appear VERB cblr-1746 1230 25 in in ADP cblr-1746 1230 26 its its PRON cblr-1746 1230 27 path path NOUN cblr-1746 1230 28 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1231 1 some some PRON cblr-1746 1231 2 of of ADP cblr-1746 1231 3 these these DET cblr-1746 1231 4 nails nail NOUN cblr-1746 1231 5 are be AUX cblr-1746 1231 6 real real ADJ cblr-1746 1231 7 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1231 8 others other NOUN cblr-1746 1231 9 less less ADV cblr-1746 1231 10 so so ADV cblr-1746 1231 11 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1232 1 the the DET cblr-1746 1232 2 principalagent principalagent NOUN cblr-1746 1232 3 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1232 4 is be AUX cblr-1746 1232 5 half half ADV cblr-1746 1232 6 right right ADJ cblr-1746 1232 7 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1232 8 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1232 9 so so ADV cblr-1746 1232 10 should should AUX cblr-1746 1232 11 govern govern VERB cblr-1746 1232 12 half half NOUN cblr-1746 1232 13 of of ADP cblr-1746 1232 14 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 1232 15 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 1232 16 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1233 1 the the DET cblr-1746 1233 2 firm firm ADJ cblr-1746 1233 3 framework framework NOUN cblr-1746 1233 4 provides provide VERB cblr-1746 1233 5 a a DET cblr-1746 1233 6 methodology methodology NOUN cblr-1746 1233 7 for for ADP cblr-1746 1233 8 gaining gain VERB cblr-1746 1233 9 purchase purchase NOUN cblr-1746 1233 10 on on ADP cblr-1746 1233 11 which which PRON cblr-1746 1233 12 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 1233 13 are be AUX cblr-1746 1233 14 properly properly ADV cblr-1746 1233 15 defined define VERB cblr-1746 1233 16 as as ADP cblr-1746 1233 17 principal principal ADJ cblr-1746 1233 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1233 19 agent agent NOUN cblr-1746 1233 20 problems problem NOUN cblr-1746 1233 21 that that PRON cblr-1746 1233 22 demand demand VERB cblr-1746 1233 23 regulation regulation NOUN cblr-1746 1233 24 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1233 25 which which PRON cblr-1746 1233 26 issues issue NOUN cblr-1746 1233 27 are be AUX cblr-1746 1233 28 more more ADV cblr-1746 1233 29 likely likely ADJ cblr-1746 1233 30 to to PART cblr-1746 1233 31 prove prove VERB cblr-1746 1233 32 self self NOUN cblr-1746 1233 33 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1233 34 regulating regulating NOUN cblr-1746 1233 35 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 1 286 286 NUM cblr-1746 1234 2 see see NOUN cblr-1746 1234 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 1234 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 6 amchem amchem NOUN cblr-1746 1234 7 prods prod VERB cblr-1746 1234 8 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 10 inc inc PROPN cblr-1746 1234 11 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1234 12 v. v. PROPN cblr-1746 1234 13 windsor windsor PROPN cblr-1746 1234 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 15 521 521 NUM cblr-1746 1234 16 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 1234 17 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1234 18 591 591 NUM cblr-1746 1234 19 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 20 617 617 NUM cblr-1746 1234 21 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 22 1997 1997 NUM cblr-1746 1234 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 24 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 25 noting note VERB cblr-1746 1234 26 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1234 27 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 28 the the DET cblr-1746 1234 29 advisory advisory ADJ cblr-1746 1234 30 committee committee NOUN cblr-1746 1234 31 had have VERB cblr-1746 1234 32 dominantly dominantly ADV cblr-1746 1234 33 in in ADP cblr-1746 1234 34 mind mind NOUN cblr-1746 1234 35 vindication vindication NOUN cblr-1746 1234 36 of of ADP cblr-1746 1234 37 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 38 the the DET cblr-1746 1234 39 rights right NOUN cblr-1746 1234 40 of of ADP cblr-1746 1234 41 groups group NOUN cblr-1746 1234 42 of of ADP cblr-1746 1234 43 people people NOUN cblr-1746 1234 44 who who PRON cblr-1746 1234 45 individually individually ADV cblr-1746 1234 46 would would AUX cblr-1746 1234 47 be be AUX cblr-1746 1234 48 without without ADP cblr-1746 1234 49 effective effective ADJ cblr-1746 1234 50 strength strength NOUN cblr-1746 1234 51 to to PART cblr-1746 1234 52 bring bring VERB cblr-1746 1234 53 their their PRON cblr-1746 1234 54 opponents opponent NOUN cblr-1746 1234 55 into into ADP cblr-1746 1234 56 court court NOUN cblr-1746 1234 57 at at ADV cblr-1746 1234 58 all all ADV cblr-1746 1234 59 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 60 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 61 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 62 quoting quote VERB cblr-1746 1234 63 benjamin benjamin PROPN cblr-1746 1234 64 kaplan kaplan PROPN cblr-1746 1234 65 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 66 a a DET cblr-1746 1234 67 prefatory prefatory ADJ cblr-1746 1234 68 note note NOUN cblr-1746 1234 69 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 70 10 10 NUM cblr-1746 1234 71 b.c b.c PROPN cblr-1746 1234 72 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1234 73 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 1234 74 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 1234 75 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1234 76 497 497 NUM cblr-1746 1234 77 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 78 497 497 NUM cblr-1746 1234 79 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 80 1969 1969 NUM cblr-1746 1234 81 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 82 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 83 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1234 84 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 1 287 287 NUM cblr-1746 1235 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 1235 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 1235 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 6 califano califano PROPN cblr-1746 1235 7 v. v. ADP cblr-1746 1235 8 yamasaki yamasaki PROPN cblr-1746 1235 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 10 442 442 NUM cblr-1746 1235 11 u.s u.s PROPN cblr-1746 1235 12 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1235 13 682 682 NUM cblr-1746 1235 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 15 701 701 NUM cblr-1746 1235 16 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 17 1979 1979 NUM cblr-1746 1235 18 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 19 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 20 noting note VERB cblr-1746 1235 21 that that SCONJ cblr-1746 1235 22 the the DET cblr-1746 1235 23 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 24 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1235 25 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 26 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1235 27 device device NOUN cblr-1746 1235 28 saves save VERB cblr-1746 1235 29 the the DET cblr-1746 1235 30 resources resource NOUN cblr-1746 1235 31 of of ADP cblr-1746 1235 32 both both CCONJ cblr-1746 1235 33 the the DET cblr-1746 1235 34 courts court NOUN cblr-1746 1235 35 and and CCONJ cblr-1746 1235 36 the the DET cblr-1746 1235 37 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 1235 38 by by ADP cblr-1746 1235 39 permitting permit VERB cblr-1746 1235 40 an an DET cblr-1746 1235 41 issue issue NOUN cblr-1746 1235 42 potentially potentially ADV cblr-1746 1235 43 affecting affect VERB cblr-1746 1235 44 [ [ X cblr-1746 1235 45 many many ADJ cblr-1746 1235 46 parties party NOUN cblr-1746 1235 47 ] ] PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 48 to to PART cblr-1746 1235 49 be be AUX cblr-1746 1235 50 litigated litigate VERB cblr-1746 1235 51 in in ADP cblr-1746 1235 52 an an DET cblr-1746 1235 53 economical economical ADJ cblr-1746 1235 54 fashion fashion NOUN cblr-1746 1235 55 under under ADP cblr-1746 1235 56 rule rule NOUN cblr-1746 1235 57 23 23 NUM cblr-1746 1235 58 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 59 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1235 60 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1236 1 288 288 NUM cblr-1746 1236 2 see see VERB cblr-1746 1236 3 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1236 4 e.g. e.g. ADV cblr-1746 1236 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1236 6 patrick patrick PROPN cblr-1746 1236 7 a. a. PROPN cblr-1746 1236 8 luff luff PROPN cblr-1746 1236 9 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1236 10 bad bad ADJ cblr-1746 1236 11 bargains bargain NOUN cblr-1746 1236 12 : : PUNCT cblr-1746 1236 13 the the DET cblr-1746 1236 14 mistake mistake NOUN cblr-1746 1236 15 of of ADP cblr-1746 1236 16 allowing allow VERB cblr-1746 1236 17 cost cost NOUN cblr-1746 1236 18 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1236 19 benefit benefit NOUN cblr-1746 1236 20 analyses analysis NOUN cblr-1746 1236 21 in in ADP cblr-1746 1236 22 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1236 23 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1236 24 certification certification NOUN cblr-1746 1236 25 decisions decision NOUN cblr-1746 1236 26 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1236 27 41 41 NUM cblr-1746 1236 28 u. u. NOUN cblr-1746 1236 29 mem mem PROPN cblr-1746 1236 30 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1237 1 l. l. PROPN cblr-1746 1237 2 rev rev PROPN cblr-1746 1237 3 . . PROPN cblr-1746 1237 4 65 65 NUM cblr-1746 1237 5 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1237 6 74 74 NUM cblr-1746 1237 7 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1237 8 2010 2010 NUM cblr-1746 1237 9 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1237 10 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1237 11 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1237 12 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1237 13 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1237 14 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1237 15 in in ADP cblr-1746 1237 16 addition addition NOUN cblr-1746 1237 17 to to ADP cblr-1746 1237 18 serving serve VERB cblr-1746 1237 19 individual individual ADJ cblr-1746 1237 20 needs need NOUN cblr-1746 1237 21 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1237 22 also also ADV cblr-1746 1237 23 serve serve VERB cblr-1746 1237 24 the the DET cblr-1746 1237 25 ‘ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 1237 26 public public ADJ cblr-1746 1237 27 good good NOUN cblr-1746 1237 28 ’ ' PUNCT cblr-1746 1237 29 as as ADP cblr-1746 1237 30 a a DET cblr-1746 1237 31 deterrent deterrent NOUN cblr-1746 1237 32 of of ADP cblr-1746 1237 33 injury injury NOUN cblr-1746 1237 34 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1237 35 causing cause VERB cblr-1746 1237 36 behavior behavior NOUN cblr-1746 1237 37 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 1 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1238 2 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1238 3 deter deter VERB cblr-1746 1238 4 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1238 5 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 6 wrongdoers wrongdoer NOUN cblr-1746 1238 7 by by ADP cblr-1746 1238 8 forcing force VERB cblr-1746 1238 9 those those DET cblr-1746 1238 10 defendant defendant NOUN cblr-1746 1238 11 - - PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 12 wrongdoers wrongdoer NOUN cblr-1746 1238 13 to to PART cblr-1746 1238 14 internalize internalize VERB cblr-1746 1238 15 the the DET cblr-1746 1238 16 social social ADJ cblr-1746 1238 17 costs cost NOUN cblr-1746 1238 18 of of ADP cblr-1746 1238 19 their their PRON cblr-1746 1238 20 actions action NOUN cblr-1746 1238 21 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 22 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 23 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 24 ; ; PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 25 bone bone NOUN cblr-1746 1238 26 & & CCONJ cblr-1746 1238 27 evans evans PROPN cblr-1746 1238 28 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 29 supra supra PROPN cblr-1746 1238 30 note note PROPN cblr-1746 1238 31 214 214 NUM cblr-1746 1238 32 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 33 at at ADP cblr-1746 1238 34 1309 1309 NUM cblr-1746 1238 35 ( ( PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 36 “ " PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 37 the the DET cblr-1746 1238 38 main main ADJ cblr-1746 1238 39 purpose purpose NOUN cblr-1746 1238 40 of of ADP cblr-1746 1238 41 the the DET cblr-1746 1238 42 smallclaim smallclaim NOUN cblr-1746 1238 43 class class NOUN cblr-1746 1238 44 action action NOUN cblr-1746 1238 45 is be AUX cblr-1746 1238 46 deterrence deterrence NOUN cblr-1746 1238 47 , , PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 48 not not PART cblr-1746 1238 49 compensation compensation NOUN cblr-1746 1238 50 . . PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 51 ” " PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 52 ) ) PUNCT cblr-1746 1238 53 . . PUNCT