id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cjal-3205	Sautman, Barry	Is Tibet China’s Colony: The Claim of Demographic Catastrophe	2001	54	.pdf	application/pdf	23105	1159	65	The Dalai Lama's bureaucracy administered political Tibet, while various Tibetan, Han, and Hui rulers controlled cultural Tibet in the period before 1950, albeit through formations not sufficiently centralized for some scholars to be convinced that a state in the accepted sense existed.164 These rulers had no legal authority to govern their areas as anything other than parts of China, any more than did last emperor Pu Yi and his Manchukuo minions have authority to administer Manchuria in 1931-1945 as anything other than a part of China, no matter how much de facto independence from China existed. Less than one- half of one percent of Tibetans lived outside the TAR or these provinces.1 7 The non-TAR Tibetan areas are regarded as ethnographic (cultural) Tibet, as opposed to political Tibet, because they have not been ruled from Lhasa for one to two centuries.	cache/cjal-3205.pdf	txt/cjal-3205.txt