id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cjel-5807	Abrams, Robert	The Maturing Discipline of Environmental Prosecution	2020	14	.pdf	application/pdf	5295	288	58	2 On the federal level, there were also only a few, exceptional crimi- nal offenses of broader scope during this early period, such as the Refuse Act of 1899, which imposed modest criminal penalties for dumping garbage into any navigable water.. or tributary of any navigable water within the United States.3 Some strict liability offenses in New York law, first promulgated in the nineteenth century, survived, as they do today, and provided modest penal- ties for environmental offenses. It was clear that because the definition of hazardous waste was so narrowly drawn, much actual environmental endangerment was outside the scope of the criminal penalties offered by the federal RCRA statute or by New York's equivalent statute.2' To solve this dilemma, New York passed legislation criminaliz- ing both environmental and human health threats caused by the release or possible release of any hazardous substance, whether or not it was a waste.	cache/cjel-5807.pdf	txt/cjel-5807.txt