id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cjgl-13774	Zeng, Xueying	Invisible Labor, Invisible Rights: An Intersectional Analysis on the United States’ Au Pair Program	2025	49	.pdf	application/pdf	19580	746	48	The United States Information Agency, an agency regulating foreign cultural exchanges as a product of the Cold War, administered the two-year pilot program.77 The legislative history has faced criticism from advocates and scholars, particularly regarding whether the program truly fostered reciprocal cultural exchange or merely introduced inexpensive child care to American households.78 Despite these criticisms, the program has persisted, fueled by demand from host families and lobbying efforts by au pair agencies, which profit substantially from both host families and au pairs.79 Since the early 2010s, a significant demographic shift has occurred in the United States’ au pair population.80 In the early 2010s, the au pair population shifted from being primarily Western European to a more diverse composition—while roughly half of au pairs remained Western European, the rest came from Latin America, Africa, Eastern Europe, and Asia.81 73 See id. 74 See, e.g., Davis, supra note 72, at 2; Cox, supra note 70, at 3; Rosie Cox, The Au Pair Body: Sex Object, Sister or Student?, 14 eUr. Scholars have noted that it can be difficult to successfully attain the educational goals as advertised by au pair agencies.168 The program itself does not offer accredited degrees, certifications, or credited courses.169 Au pairs usually take classes ranging from Zumba to ESL (English as a second language classes) that hardly provide them with the qualifications or professional capacities they envision.170 In addition, host families may thwart their au pair’s education, believing that her coursework deviates her attention from childcare.171 The United States immigration regime provides few viable means for au pairs to remain in the country legally after their program ends, despite the idealized vision of the American Dream au pair agencies promote.	cache/cjgl-13774.pdf	txt/cjgl-13774.txt