id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cjgl-2507	Bloom, Anne	Rupture, Leakage, and Reconstruction: The Body as a Site for the Enforcement and Reproduction of Sex-Based Legal Norms in the Breast Implant Controversy	2005	29	.pdf	application/pdf	12847	529	53	In 1983, the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons distributed literature stating that flat-chested women suffered from a disease called micromastia and that breast implants were essential for their mental health and well-being.72 Similarly, in a petition to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), plastic surgeons argued that breast implants were necessary to correct physical deformities.73 Plastic surgeons also distributed literature to their patients, which promised that augmentation would make small breasts appear more normal and described the implants as natural and real., 74 Breast implant surgery typically does not require an overnight stay in the hospital but is a major procedure nonetheless. Instead, because breast implants had already been on the market for several years, their safety was assumed and approval of the devices was granted under a so-called grandfather clause; this allowed medical devices that were already on the market to remain without going through a process of testing and approval.	cache/cjgl-2507.pdf	txt/cjgl-2507.txt