id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cjrl-14164	Bullock, III, Charles S.; Lamb , Charles M. 	Jim Crow North and Fair Housing Enforcement 	2025	58	.pdf	application/pdf	18019	792	50	JIM CROW NORTH 1198 The Northeastern United States, often thought of as liberal and pioneering in many respects, has a long history of housing segregation and discrimination. From this study’s perspective, and as declared by Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton over three decades ago, no group has ever faced the unrelenting high level of housing segregation that Black people have experienced in the nation’s major cities since the end of World War II.18 Massey and Denton’s award-winning American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass is pertinent to the Northeast’s Jim Crow history.19 Based on Massey and Denton’s calculations, the housing markets in five Northeastern cities were “hypersegregated” in 1980.20 New York, Newark, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Buffalo had the worst conditions, with 17 See generally, THOMAS J. SUGRUE, “No Right More Elemental,”, in SWEET LAND OF LIBERTY:	cache/cjrl-14164.pdf	txt/cjrl-14164.txt