id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cjrl-2271	Edmonds, Timothy Deloache	Contracting Away Success: The Way Teacher Collective Bargaining Agreements are Undermining the Education of America’s Children	2012	41	.pdf	application/pdf	26319	975	50	Nationally, 15% of high school teachers were teaching outside of their area of expertise during the 2007–2008 academic year.158 In California, one of the country’s most populous states, this percentage was even higher.159 There, 17.5% of teachers were instructing students in a subject area outside of their subject of expertise.160 While it would be unfair to assume that all teachers teaching outside of their particular area of expertise are ineffective in teaching this material, the likelihood that an individual may struggle to communicate important details or nuances of a subject area to students when they are not well-versed in it certainly increases. 208 Felch, supra note 150, at AA1 (“Teachers unions and some education experts have argued that value-added is an unreliable measure that encourages rote learning and ‘teaching to the test.’”).	cache/cjrl-2271.pdf	txt/cjrl-2271.txt