id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cjrl-2286	Muhammad, Patricia M.	The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Legacy Establishing A Case For International Reparations	2013	56	.pdf	application/pdf	36557	1408	46	However, under the doctrine of “next friend,” a living relative or guardian who has the best interest of the victim and acts in good faith, may allow the filing of a civil suit or issuance of criminal charges on behalf of the injured complainant.227 Standing also exists for slave descendants that are subject to the current form of institutionalized racism that permeates the international community and governs housing, education, employment, and JOHANNESBURG, Jan. 12, 2010, http://mg.co.za/article/2010-01-12-us-court-considers-appeal-against-apartheid-lawsuit (reporting on the In re South African Apartheid Litigation case). These are financial entities who have a documented, long- standing establishment and promotion of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and its vestiges.291 Another legal argument of reparation’s opponents is that since historic victims were considered chattel they had no rights to legal redress.292 Survival actions by slave descendants as next friend on behalf of historic victims would not be viable legal claims for reparations because chattel cannot possess inalienable rights.293 Opponents also argue that a civil claim for reparations would be void for over-inclusiveness.	cache/cjrl-2286.pdf	txt/cjrl-2286.txt