id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
cjrl-14166	1	1	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cjrl-14166	1	2	journal	journal	PROPN
cjrl-14166	1	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	1	4	race	race	NOUN
cjrl-14166	1	5	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	1	6	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	1	7	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	1	8	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	2	1	15	15	NUM
cjrl-14166	2	2	may	may	PROPN
cjrl-14166	2	3	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	2	4	no	no	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	5	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	6	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	2	7	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	8	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	2	10	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	11	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	2	13	rectifying	rectify	VERB
cjrl-14166	2	14	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	15	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	2	16	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	17	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	18	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	2	19	institutional	institutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	2	20	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	21	mahak	mahak	VERB
cjrl-14166	2	22	kumari1	kumari1	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	23	abstract	abstract	ADP
cjrl-14166	2	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	2	25	impact	impact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	2	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	2	28	carceral	carceral	ADJ
cjrl-14166	2	29	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	30	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	2	31	policing	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	2	32	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	2	33	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	34	led	lead	VERB
cjrl-14166	2	35	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	2	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	2	37	development	development	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	38	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	2	39	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	2	40	separate	separate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	2	41	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	2	42	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	43	recognizing	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	2	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	2	45	special	special	ADJ
cjrl-14166	2	46	needs	need	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	47	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	2	48	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	2	49	people	people	NOUN
cjrl-14166	2	50	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	3	1	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	3	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	3	3	policing	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	3	4	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	3	5	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	3	6	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	3	7	remains	remain	VERB
cjrl-14166	3	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	3	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	3	10	forefront	forefront	NOUN
cjrl-14166	3	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	3	12	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	3	13	scholarship	scholarship	NOUN
cjrl-14166	3	14	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	3	15	just	just	ADV
cjrl-14166	3	16	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	3	17	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	3	18	continued	continue	VERB
cjrl-14166	3	19	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	3	20	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	3	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	3	22	country	country	NOUN
cjrl-14166	3	23	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	3	24	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	3	25	whole	whole	NOUN
cjrl-14166	3	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	3	27	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	3	28	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	3	29	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	3	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	3	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	3	32	disproportionate	disproportionate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	3	33	impact	impact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	3	34	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	3	35	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	3	36	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	3	37	brown	brown	ADJ
cjrl-14166	3	38	people	people	NOUN
cjrl-14166	3	39	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	4	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	4	2	impact	impact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	4	3	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	4	4	compounded	compound	VERB
cjrl-14166	4	5	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	4	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	4	7	targets	target	NOUN
cjrl-14166	4	8	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	4	9	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	4	10	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	4	11	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	4	12	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	4	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	4	14	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	4	15	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	4	16	subjected	subject	VERB
cjrl-14166	4	17	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	4	18	extreme	extreme	ADJ
cjrl-14166	4	19	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	4	20	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	4	21	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	4	22	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	4	23	higher	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	4	24	rates	rate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	4	25	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	4	26	comparison	comparison	NOUN
cjrl-14166	4	27	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	4	28	adults	adult	NOUN
cjrl-14166	4	29	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	4	30	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	4	31	white	white	ADJ
cjrl-14166	4	32	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	4	33	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
cjrl-14166	4	34	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	5	1	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	5	2	protections	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	5	3	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	5	4	purport	purport	VERB
cjrl-14166	5	5	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	5	6	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	5	7	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	5	8	’	’	PART
cjrl-14166	5	9	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	5	10	inhibit	inhibit	VERB
cjrl-14166	5	11	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	5	12	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	5	13	obtaining	obtain	VERB
cjrl-14166	5	14	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	5	15	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
cjrl-14166	5	16	recourse	recourse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	5	17	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	5	18	compensation	compensation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	5	19	after	after	ADP
cjrl-14166	5	20	experiencing	experience	VERB
cjrl-14166	5	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	5	22	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	5	23	heinous	heinous	ADJ
cjrl-14166	5	24	forms	form	NOUN
cjrl-14166	5	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	5	26	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	5	27	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	5	28	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	5	29	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	5	30	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	6	1	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	6	2	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	6	3	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	6	4	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	6	5	protected	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	6	6	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	6	7	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	6	8	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	6	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	6	10	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	6	11	institutional	institutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	6	12	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	6	13	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	6	14	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	6	15	illusory	illusory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	6	16	concept	concept	NOUN
cjrl-14166	6	17	due	due	ADP
cjrl-14166	6	18	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	6	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	6	20	flawed	flawed	ADJ
cjrl-14166	6	21	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	6	22	extremely	extremely	ADV
cjrl-14166	6	23	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	6	24	bars	bar	NOUN
cjrl-14166	6	25	created	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	6	26	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	6	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	6	28	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	6	29	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	6	30	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	7	1	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	7	2	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	7	3	obligations	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	7	4	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	7	5	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	7	6	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	7	7	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	7	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	7	9	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	7	10	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	7	11	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	7	12	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	7	13	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	7	14	shielded	shield	VERB
cjrl-14166	7	15	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	7	16	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	7	17	both	both	PRON
cjrl-14166	7	18	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	7	19	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	7	20	falls	fall	VERB
cjrl-14166	7	21	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	7	22	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	7	23	control	control	NOUN
cjrl-14166	7	24	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	7	25	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	7	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	7	27	eleventh	eleventh	ADJ
cjrl-14166	7	28	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	7	29	provides	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	7	30	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	7	31	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	7	32	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	7	33	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	7	34	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	8	1	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	8	2	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	8	3	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	8	4	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	8	5	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	8	6	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	8	7	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	8	8	lack	lack	VERB
cjrl-14166	8	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	8	10	similar	similar	ADJ
cjrl-14166	8	11	common	common	ADJ
cjrl-14166	8	12	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	8	13	obligation	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	8	14	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	8	15	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	8	16	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	8	17	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	8	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	9	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	9	2	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	9	3	explores	explore	VERB
cjrl-14166	9	4	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	9	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	9	6	existing	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	9	7	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	9	8	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	9	9	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	9	10	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	9	11	doctrines	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	9	12	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	9	13	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	9	14	reformed	reform	VERB
cjrl-14166	9	15	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	9	16	adapted	adapt	VERB
cjrl-14166	9	17	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	9	18	ensure	ensure	VERB
cjrl-14166	9	19	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	9	20	institutions	institution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	9	21	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	9	22	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	9	23	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	9	24	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	9	25	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	9	26	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	9	27	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	9	28	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	9	29	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	9	30	policing	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	9	31	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	9	32	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	9	33	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	9	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	9	35	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	9	36	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	9	37	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	9	38	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	9	39	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	9	40	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	9	41	enforced	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	9	42	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	9	43	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	9	44	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	9	45	finding	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	9	46	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	9	47	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	10	1	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	10	2	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	10	3	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	10	4	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
cjrl-14166	10	5	pathway	pathway	NOUN
cjrl-14166	10	6	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	10	7	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	10	8	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	10	9	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	10	10	caused	cause	VERB
cjrl-14166	10	11	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	10	12	youth	youth	VERB
cjrl-14166	10	13	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	10	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	10	15	hands	hand	NOUN
cjrl-14166	10	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	10	17	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	10	18	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	10	19	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	10	20	real	real	ADJ
cjrl-14166	10	21	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	10	22	accountability	accountability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	10	23	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	10	24	long	long	ADJ
cjrl-14166	10	25	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	10	26	term	term	NOUN
cjrl-14166	10	27	reform	reform	NOUN
cjrl-14166	10	28	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	10	29	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	10	30	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	10	31	expected	expect	VERB
cjrl-14166	10	32	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	10	33	racial	racial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	10	34	disparities	disparity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	10	35	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	10	36	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	10	37	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	10	38	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	10	39	addressed	address	VERB
cjrl-14166	10	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	11	1	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	11	2	j.d	j.d	PROPN
cjrl-14166	11	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	11	4	candidate	candidate	PROPN
cjrl-14166	11	5	2026	2026	NUM
cjrl-14166	11	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	11	7	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cjrl-14166	11	8	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	11	9	school	school	NOUN
cjrl-14166	11	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	12	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	12	2	author	author	NOUN
cjrl-14166	12	3	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	12	4	like	like	VERB
cjrl-14166	12	5	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	12	6	thank	thank	VERB
cjrl-14166	12	7	professor	professor	PROPN
cjrl-14166	12	8	jeffrey	jeffrey	PROPN
cjrl-14166	12	9	fagan	fagan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	12	10	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	12	11	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	12	12	guidance	guidance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	12	13	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	12	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	12	15	staff	staff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	12	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	12	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	12	18	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cjrl-14166	12	19	journal	journal	PROPN
cjrl-14166	12	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	12	21	race	race	NOUN
cjrl-14166	12	22	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	12	23	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	12	24	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	12	25	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	12	26	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
cjrl-14166	12	27	editorial	editorial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	12	28	assistance	assistance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	12	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	13	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	13	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	13	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	13	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	13	7	1291	1291	NUM
cjrl-14166	13	8	introduction	introduction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	9	.........................................................................................................................	.........................................................................................................................	PROPN
cjrl-14166	13	10	1292	1292	NUM
cjrl-14166	13	11	i.	i.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	12	liability	liability	PROPN
cjrl-14166	13	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	13	14	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	13	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	13	17	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	13	18	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	13	19	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	13	20	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	13	21	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	22	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	13	23	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	24	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	13	25	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	26	............	............	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	13	27	1295	1295	NUM
cjrl-14166	13	28	a.	a.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	29	understanding	understanding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	13	31	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	32	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	33	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	13	34	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	13	35	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	36	1295	1295	NUM
cjrl-14166	13	37	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	13	38	.	.	SYM
cjrl-14166	13	39	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	13	40	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	41	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	13	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	13	43	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	13	44	before	before	ADP
cjrl-14166	13	45	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	13	46	1295	1295	NUM
cjrl-14166	13	47	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	13	48	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	14	1	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	14	2	overruled	overrule	VERB
cjrl-14166	14	3	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	14	4	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	14	5	limited	limited	ADJ
cjrl-14166	14	6	means	mean	NOUN
cjrl-14166	14	7	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	14	8	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	14	9	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	14	10	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	14	11	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	14	12	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	14	13	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	14	14	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	14	15	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	14	16	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	14	17	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	14	18	1297	1297	NUM
cjrl-14166	14	19	3	3	NUM
cjrl-14166	14	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	15	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	15	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	15	3	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	15	4	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	15	5	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	15	6	four	four	NUM
cjrl-14166	15	7	routes	route	NOUN
cjrl-14166	15	8	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	15	9	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	15	10	1301	1301	NUM
cjrl-14166	15	11	b.	b.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	15	12	states	states	PROPN
cjrl-14166	15	13	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	15	14	loco	loco	PROPN
cjrl-14166	15	15	parentis	parentis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	15	16	1303	1303	NUM
cjrl-14166	15	17	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	15	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	16	1	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	16	2	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	16	3	protections	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	16	4	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	16	5	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	16	6	1303	1303	NUM
cjrl-14166	16	7	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	16	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	17	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	17	2	vulnerability	vulnerability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	17	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	17	4	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	17	5	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	17	6	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	17	7	parens	parens	ADJ
cjrl-14166	17	8	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	17	9	claims	claim	VERB
cjrl-14166	17	10	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	17	11	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	17	12	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	17	13	1307	1307	NUM
cjrl-14166	17	14	ii	ii	NOUN
cjrl-14166	17	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	18	1	current	current	ADJ
cjrl-14166	18	2	frameworks	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	18	3	fail	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	18	4	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	18	5	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	18	6	adequate	adequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	18	7	avenues	avenue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	18	8	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	18	9	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	18	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	18	11	affording	afford	VERB
cjrl-14166	18	12	institutions	institution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	18	13	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	18	14	boundless	boundless	ADJ
cjrl-14166	18	15	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	18	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	18	17	little	little	ADJ
cjrl-14166	18	18	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	18	19	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	18	20	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	18	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	19	1	.........................................................	.........................................................	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	20	1	1309	1309	NUM
cjrl-14166	20	2	a.	a.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	20	3	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	20	4	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	20	5	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	20	6	escape	escape	VERB
cjrl-14166	20	7	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	20	8	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	20	9	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	20	10	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	20	11	exceptionally	exceptionally	ADV
cjrl-14166	20	12	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	20	13	standard	standard	ADJ
cjrl-14166	20	14	1309	1309	NUM
cjrl-14166	20	15	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	20	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	21	1	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	21	2	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	21	3	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	21	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	21	5	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	21	6	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	21	7	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	21	8	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	21	9	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	21	10	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	21	11	flawed	flawed	ADJ
cjrl-14166	21	12	understanding	understanding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	21	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	21	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	21	15	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	21	16	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	21	17	1309	1309	NUM
cjrl-14166	21	18	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	21	19	.	.	X
cjrl-14166	22	1	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	22	2	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	22	3	four	four	NUM
cjrl-14166	22	4	approaches	approach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	22	5	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	22	6	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	22	7	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	22	8	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	22	9	unusually	unusually	ADV
cjrl-14166	22	10	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	22	11	standard	standard	ADJ
cjrl-14166	22	12	1313	1313	NUM
cjrl-14166	22	13	3	3	NUM
cjrl-14166	22	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	23	1	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	23	2	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	23	3	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	4	unfettered	unfettere	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	5	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	23	6	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	23	7	face	face	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	8	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	23	9	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	23	10	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	23	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	23	12	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	23	13	egregious	egregious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	23	14	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	23	15	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	23	16	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	23	17	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	23	18	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	23	19	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	23	20	bear	bear	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	23	22	cost	cost	NOUN
cjrl-14166	23	23	1317	1317	NUM
cjrl-14166	23	24	b.	b.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	23	25	parens	parens	PROPN
cjrl-14166	23	26	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	23	27	provides	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	28	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	23	29	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	23	30	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	23	31	enforcing	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	32	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	23	33	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	23	34	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	35	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	23	36	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	23	38	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	23	39	fails	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	40	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	23	41	enforce	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	42	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	23	43	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	23	44	creating	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	45	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	46	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	23	47	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	23	48	sued	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	23	49	1321	1321	NUM
cjrl-14166	23	50	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	23	51	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	24	1	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	24	2	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	24	3	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	24	4	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	24	5	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	24	6	allows	allow	VERB
cjrl-14166	24	7	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	24	8	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	24	9	avoid	avoid	VERB
cjrl-14166	24	10	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cjrl-14166	24	11	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	24	12	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	24	13	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	24	14	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	24	15	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	24	16	1322	1322	NUM
cjrl-14166	24	17	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	24	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	25	1	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	2	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	3	provides	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	25	4	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	25	5	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	6	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	25	7	enforcing	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	25	8	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	9	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	25	10	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	25	11	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	25	12	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	25	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	25	14	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	25	15	fails	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	25	16	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	25	17	enforce	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	25	18	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	19	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	25	20	creating	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	25	21	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	25	22	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	25	23	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	25	24	sued	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	25	25	1323	1323	NUM
cjrl-14166	25	26	iii	iii	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	27	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	25	28	modern	modern	ADJ
cjrl-14166	25	29	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	25	30	day	day	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	31	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	32	warrants	warrant	VERB
cjrl-14166	25	33	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	25	34	modern	modern	ADJ
cjrl-14166	25	35	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	25	36	day	day	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	37	understanding	understanding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	38	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	25	39	expansion	expansion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	40	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	25	41	institutional	institutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	25	42	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	43	frameworks	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	44	..............................................................................	..............................................................................	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	25	45	1326	1326	NUM
cjrl-14166	25	46	a.	a.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	47	modernizing	modernize	VERB
cjrl-14166	25	48	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	49	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	25	50	minors	minor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	51	1327	1327	NUM
cjrl-14166	25	52	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	25	53	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	25	54	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	55	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	25	56	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	25	57	minors	minor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	58	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	25	59	major	major	ADJ
cjrl-14166	25	60	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	61	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	62	1327	1327	NUM
cjrl-14166	25	63	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	25	64	.	.	X
cjrl-14166	25	65	nonenforcement	nonenforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	66	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	25	67	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	25	68	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	69	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	25	70	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	25	71	policies	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	72	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	25	73	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	74	constitute	constitute	VERB
cjrl-14166	25	75	tolerance	tolerance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	76	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	25	77	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	78	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	25	79	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	80	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	25	81	1329	1329	NUM
cjrl-14166	25	82	b.	b.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	26	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	26	2	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	26	3	parent	parent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	26	4	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	26	5	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	26	6	twofold	twofold	ADJ
cjrl-14166	26	7	approach	approach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	26	8	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	26	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	26	10	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	26	11	analog	analog	NOUN
cjrl-14166	26	12	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	26	13	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	26	14	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	26	15	1331	1331	NUM
cjrl-14166	26	16	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	26	17	..........................................................................................................................	..........................................................................................................................	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	26	18	1335	1335	NUM
cjrl-14166	26	19	1292	1292	NUM
cjrl-14166	26	20	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	26	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	27	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	27	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	27	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	27	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	28	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	28	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	28	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	28	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	28	5	introduction	introduction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	28	6	during	during	ADP
cjrl-14166	28	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	28	8	summer	summer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	28	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	28	10	2013	2013	NUM
cjrl-14166	28	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	28	12	17	17	NUM
cjrl-14166	28	13	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	28	14	year	year	NOUN
cjrl-14166	28	15	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	28	16	old	old	ADJ
cjrl-14166	28	17	yunek	yunek	NOUN
cjrl-14166	28	18	moore	moore	PROPN
cjrl-14166	28	19	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	28	20	celebrating	celebrate	VERB
cjrl-14166	28	21	her	her	PRON
cjrl-14166	28	22	graduation	graduation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	28	23	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	28	24	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	28	25	bonfire	bonfire	NOUN
cjrl-14166	28	26	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	28	27	her	her	PRON
cjrl-14166	28	28	friend	friend	NOUN
cjrl-14166	28	29	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	28	30	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	28	31	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	29	1	sitting	sit	VERB
cjrl-14166	29	2	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	29	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	29	4	backyard	backyard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	29	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	29	6	she	she	PRON
cjrl-14166	29	7	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	29	8	suddenly	suddenly	ADV
cjrl-14166	29	9	face	face	NOUN
cjrl-14166	29	10	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	29	11	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	29	12	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	29	13	face	face	NOUN
cjrl-14166	29	14	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	29	15	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	29	16	bright	bright	ADJ
cjrl-14166	29	17	light	light	NOUN
cjrl-14166	29	18	shining	shine	VERB
cjrl-14166	29	19	directly	directly	ADV
cjrl-14166	29	20	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	29	21	her	her	PRON
cjrl-14166	29	22	eyes	eye	NOUN
cjrl-14166	29	23	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	29	24	she	she	PRON
cjrl-14166	29	25	heard	hear	VERB
cjrl-14166	29	26	someone	someone	PRON
cjrl-14166	29	27	asking	ask	VERB
cjrl-14166	29	28	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	29	29	her	she	PRON
cjrl-14166	29	30	i	i	PROPN
cjrl-14166	29	31	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	29	32	confused	confuse	VERB
cjrl-14166	29	33	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	29	34	unaware	unaware	ADJ
cjrl-14166	29	35	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	29	36	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	29	37	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	29	38	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	29	39	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	29	40	called	call	VERB
cjrl-14166	29	41	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	29	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	29	43	scene	scene	NOUN
cjrl-14166	29	44	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	29	45	yunek	yunek	NOUN
cjrl-14166	29	46	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	29	47	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	29	48	immediately	immediately	ADV
cjrl-14166	29	49	comply	comply	VERB
cjrl-14166	29	50	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	30	1	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	30	2	moments	moment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	30	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	30	4	she	she	PRON
cjrl-14166	30	5	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	30	6	violently	violently	ADV
cjrl-14166	30	7	grabbed	grab	VERB
cjrl-14166	30	8	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	30	9	three	three	NUM
cjrl-14166	30	10	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	30	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	30	12	dragged	drag	VERB
cjrl-14166	30	13	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	30	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	30	15	front	front	ADJ
cjrl-14166	30	16	yard	yard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	30	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	30	18	slammed	slam	VERB
cjrl-14166	30	19	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	30	20	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	30	21	brick	brick	NOUN
cjrl-14166	30	22	wall	wall	NOUN
cjrl-14166	30	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	30	24	handcuffed	handcuff	VERB
cjrl-14166	30	25	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	30	26	thrown	throw	VERB
cjrl-14166	30	27	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	30	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	30	29	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	30	30	car	car	NOUN
cjrl-14166	30	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	30	32	unlawfully	unlawfully	ADV
cjrl-14166	30	33	searched	search	VERB
cjrl-14166	30	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	30	35	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	30	36	forced	force	VERB
cjrl-14166	30	37	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	30	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	30	39	back	back	NOUN
cjrl-14166	30	40	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	30	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	30	42	car	car	NOUN
cjrl-14166	30	43	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	30	44	taken	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	30	45	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	30	46	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	30	47	county	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	30	48	jail	jail	NOUN
cjrl-14166	30	49	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	31	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	31	2	only	only	ADJ
cjrl-14166	31	3	words	word	NOUN
cjrl-14166	31	4	spoken	speak	VERB
cjrl-14166	31	5	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	31	6	her	she	PRON
cjrl-14166	31	7	during	during	ADP
cjrl-14166	31	8	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	31	9	ordeal	ordeal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	31	10	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	31	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	31	12	shut	shut	VERB
cjrl-14166	31	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	31	14	hell	hell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	31	15	up	up	ADP
cjrl-14166	31	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	31	17	”2	”2	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	1	yunek	yunek	PROPN
cjrl-14166	32	2	required	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	32	3	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	4	three	three	NUM
cjrl-14166	32	5	surgeries	surgery	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	7	steroid	steroid	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	8	injections	injection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	10	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	32	11	physical	physical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	32	12	therapy	therapy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	13	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	14	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	32	15	she	she	PRON
cjrl-14166	32	16	recovered	recover	VERB
cjrl-14166	32	17	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	32	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	32	19	injuries	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	20	inflicted	inflict	VERB
cjrl-14166	32	21	upon	upon	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	32	22	her	she	PRON
cjrl-14166	32	23	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	32	24	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	32	25	officers.3	officers.3	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	26	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	32	27	years	year	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	29	she	she	PRON
cjrl-14166	32	30	fought	fight	VERB
cjrl-14166	32	31	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	32	32	hold	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	32	33	someone	someone	PRON
cjrl-14166	32	34	accountable	accountable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	32	35	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	32	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	32	37	harms	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	38	she	she	PRON
cjrl-14166	32	39	suffered	suffer	VERB
cjrl-14166	32	40	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	41	including	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	32	42	bringing	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	32	43	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	32	44	§	§	ADJ
cjrl-14166	32	45	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	32	46	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	47	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	48	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	32	49	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	50	battery	battery	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	51	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	52	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	53	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	32	54	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	32	55	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	56	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	32	57	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	58	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	32	59	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	32	60	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	61	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	62	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	32	63	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	32	64	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	32	65	avail.4	avail.4	PROPN
cjrl-14166	32	66	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	32	67	trayvon	trayvon	PROPN
cjrl-14166	32	68	martin	martin	PROPN
cjrl-14166	32	69	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	32	70	george	george	PROPN
cjrl-14166	32	71	floyd	floyd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	32	72	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	73	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	32	74	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	75	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	32	76	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	77	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	32	78	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	79	forces	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	80	engage	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	32	81	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	32	82	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	32	83	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	32	84	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	85	documented	document	VERB
cjrl-14166	32	86	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	32	87	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	32	88	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	32	89	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	32	90	lack	lack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	91	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	32	92	repercussions	repercussion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	93	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	32	94	follow	follow	VERB
cjrl-14166	32	95	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	32	96	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	32	97	egregious	egregious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	32	98	instances	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	99	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	32	100	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	101	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	102	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	32	103	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	32	104	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	33	1	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	33	2	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	33	3	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	33	4	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	33	5	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	33	6	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	33	7	designed	design	VERB
cjrl-14166	33	8	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	33	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	33	10	remedy	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	33	11	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	33	12	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	33	13	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	33	14	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	33	15	individuals.5	individuals.5	PROPN
cjrl-14166	33	16	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	33	17	generally	generally	ADV
cjrl-14166	33	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	33	19	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	33	20	especially	especially	ADV
cjrl-14166	33	21	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	33	22	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	33	23	comes	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	33	24	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	33	25	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	33	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	33	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	33	28	various	various	ADJ
cjrl-14166	33	29	limitations	limitation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	33	30	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	33	31	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	33	32	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	33	33	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	33	34	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	33	35	made	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	33	36	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	33	37	difficult	difficult	ADJ
cjrl-14166	33	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	33	39	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	33	40	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	33	41	impossible	impossible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	33	42	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	34	1	yunek	yunek	NOUN
cjrl-14166	34	2	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	34	3	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	34	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	34	5	therefore	therefore	ADV
cjrl-14166	34	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	34	7	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	34	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	34	9	norm	norm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	34	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	34	11	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	34	12	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	34	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	34	14	exception	exception	NOUN
cjrl-14166	34	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	35	1	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	35	2	moore	moore	PROPN
cjrl-14166	35	3	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	35	4	dotson	dotson	PROPN
cjrl-14166	35	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	35	6	2017	2017	NUM
cjrl-14166	35	7	wl	wl	NOUN
cjrl-14166	35	8	376149	376149	NUM
cjrl-14166	35	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	35	10	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	35	11	no	no	NOUN
cjrl-14166	35	12	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	36	1	1:14	1:14	NUM
cjrl-14166	36	2	–	–	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	36	3	cv–01220	cv–01220	NOUN
cjrl-14166	36	4	–	–	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	36	5	jes	jes	PROPN
cjrl-14166	36	6	–	–	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	36	7	jeh	jeh	PROPN
cjrl-14166	36	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	36	9	2017	2017	NUM
cjrl-14166	36	10	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	36	11	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	37	1	yunek	yunek	PROPN
cjrl-14166	37	2	moore	moore	PROPN
cjrl-14166	37	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	37	4	being	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	37	5	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	37	6	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	37	7	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	37	8	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	37	9	crime	crime	NOUN
cjrl-14166	37	10	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	37	11	yunek	yunek	PROPN
cjrl-14166	37	12	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	37	13	story	story	NOUN
cjrl-14166	37	14	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	37	15	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	37	16	brutality	brutality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	37	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	37	18	american	american	ADJ
cjrl-14166	37	19	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	37	20	liberties	liberties	PROPN
cjrl-14166	37	21	union	union	PROPN
cjrl-14166	37	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	37	23	https://www.aclu.org/news/criminal-law-reform/being-black-not-crime-yuneks-story-police	https://www.aclu.org/news/criminal-law-reform/being-black-not-crime-yuneks-story-police	PROPN
cjrl-14166	37	24	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	37	25	perma	perma	X
cjrl-14166	37	26	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	38	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	38	2	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	38	3	being	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	38	4	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	38	5	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	38	6	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	38	7	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	38	8	crime	crime	NOUN
cjrl-14166	38	9	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	38	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	39	1	3	3	NUM
cjrl-14166	39	2	moore	moore	PROPN
cjrl-14166	39	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	39	4	being	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	39	5	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	39	6	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	39	7	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	39	8	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	39	9	crime	crime	NOUN
cjrl-14166	39	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	39	11	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	39	12	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	39	13	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	39	14	.	.	SYM
cjrl-14166	39	15	4	4	NUM
cjrl-14166	39	16	moore	moore	PROPN
cjrl-14166	39	17	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	39	18	dotson	dotson	PROPN
cjrl-14166	39	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	39	20	2017	2017	NUM
cjrl-14166	39	21	wl	wl	NOUN
cjrl-14166	39	22	376149	376149	NUM
cjrl-14166	39	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	39	24	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	39	25	no	no	NOUN
cjrl-14166	39	26	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	40	1	1:14	1:14	NUM
cjrl-14166	40	2	–	–	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	40	3	cv–01220	cv–01220	NOUN
cjrl-14166	40	4	–	–	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	40	5	jes	jes	PROPN
cjrl-14166	40	6	–	–	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	40	7	jeh	jeh	PROPN
cjrl-14166	40	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	40	9	2017	2017	NUM
cjrl-14166	40	10	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	40	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	1	5	5	NUM
cjrl-14166	41	2	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	41	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	41	4	monterey	monterey	PROPN
cjrl-14166	41	5	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	41	6	del	del	PROPN
cjrl-14166	41	7	monte	monte	PROPN
cjrl-14166	41	8	dunes	dune	NOUN
cjrl-14166	41	9	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	41	10	monterey	monterey	PROPN
cjrl-14166	41	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	12	ltd	ltd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	41	13	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	41	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	15	526	526	NUM
cjrl-14166	41	16	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	41	17	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	41	18	687	687	NUM
cjrl-14166	41	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	20	727	727	NUM
cjrl-14166	41	21	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	22	1999	1999	NUM
cjrl-14166	41	23	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	24	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	25	scalia	scalia	PROPN
cjrl-14166	41	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	27	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	41	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	29	concurring	concur	VERB
cjrl-14166	41	30	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	31	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	32	"	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	33	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	41	34	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	41	35	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	41	36	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	37	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	41	38	designed	design	VERB
cjrl-14166	41	39	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	41	40	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	41	41	compensation	compensation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	41	42	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	41	43	injuries	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	41	44	arising	arise	VERB
cjrl-14166	41	45	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	41	46	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	41	47	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	41	48	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	41	49	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	41	50	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	41	51	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	52	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	41	53	thereby	thereby	ADV
cjrl-14166	41	54	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	55	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	41	56	course	course	NOUN
cjrl-14166	41	57	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	58	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	41	59	deter	deter	VERB
cjrl-14166	41	60	future	future	ADJ
cjrl-14166	41	61	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	41	62	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	41	63	"	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	42	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	42	2	citation	citation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	42	3	omitted	omit	VERB
cjrl-14166	42	4	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	42	5	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	42	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	43	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	7	1293	1293	NUM
cjrl-14166	43	8	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	9	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	10	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	11	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	43	12	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	13	good	good	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	14	faith	faith	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	15	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	16	defense	defense	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	17	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	18	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	19	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	20	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	43	21	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	22	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	43	23	violate	violate	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	24	individuals	individual	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	25	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	26	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	27	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	29	making	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	30	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	43	31	difficult	difficult	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	32	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	43	33	succeed	succeed	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	34	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	35	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	43	36	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	43	37	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	43	38	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	39	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	40	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	43	41	individual	individual	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	42	officer.6	officer.6	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	43	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	43	44	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	45	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	46	provides	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	47	pathways	pathway	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	48	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	49	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	50	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	51	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	52	makes	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	53	proving	prove	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	54	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	43	55	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	56	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	43	57	near	near	ADV
cjrl-14166	43	58	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	59	impossible	impossible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	60	feat.7	feat.7	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	61	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	62	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	63	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	43	64	common	common	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	65	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	66	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	67	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	68	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	69	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	70	imposes	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	71	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	43	72	obligation	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	73	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	74	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	75	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	43	76	act	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	77	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	78	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	79	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	80	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	81	populations	population	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	82	like	like	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	83	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	84	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	85	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	43	86	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	87	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	43	88	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	43	89	apply	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	90	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	91	municipalities;8	municipalities;8	PROPN
cjrl-14166	43	92	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	93	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	94	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	95	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	96	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	97	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	98	organizations	organization	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	99	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	100	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	101	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	102	coupled	couple	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	103	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	104	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	105	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	106	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	107	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	108	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	43	109	eleventh	eleventh	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	110	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	111	protect	protect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	112	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	113	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	114	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	115	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	116	respectively	respectively	ADV
cjrl-14166	43	117	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	118	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	119	being	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	43	120	subject	subject	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	121	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	122	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	43	123	kind	kind	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	124	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	125	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	126	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	127	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	128	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	129	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	130	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	43	131	comes	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	132	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	133	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	134	misconduct.9	misconduct.9	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	135	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	43	136	lack	lack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	137	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	138	institutional	institutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	139	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	140	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	141	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	142	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	143	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	43	144	hands	hand	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	145	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	146	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	147	results	result	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	148	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	149	little	little	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	150	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	151	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	43	152	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	153	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	154	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	155	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	156	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	157	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	158	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	159	fails	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	160	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	43	161	deter	deter	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	162	future	future	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	163	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	164	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	165	hampering	hamper	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	166	essential	essential	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	167	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	168	reform.10	reform.10	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	169	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	43	170	costs	cost	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	171	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	43	172	exacerbated	exacerbate	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	173	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	174	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	43	175	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	176	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	177	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	178	where	where	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	179	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	180	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	43	181	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	182	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	43	183	greater	great	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	184	risk	risk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	185	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	186	6	6	NUM
cjrl-14166	43	187	piersen	piersen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	188	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	189	ray	ray	PROPN
cjrl-14166	43	190	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	191	386	386	NUM
cjrl-14166	43	192	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	43	193	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	43	194	547	547	NUM
cjrl-14166	43	195	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	196	555–57	555–57	NUM
cjrl-14166	43	197	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	198	1967	1967	NUM
cjrl-14166	43	199	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	200	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	201	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	202	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	43	203	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	204	record	record	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	205	gives	give	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	206	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	43	207	clear	clear	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	208	indication	indication	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	209	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	210	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	43	211	meant	mean	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	212	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	43	213	abolish	abolish	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	214	wholesale	wholesale	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	215	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	43	216	common	common	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	217	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	218	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	219	immunities	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	220	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	221	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	222	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	223	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	224	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	43	225	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	43	226	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	227	554	554	NUM
cjrl-14166	43	228	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	229	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	230	we	we	PRON
cjrl-14166	43	231	hold	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	232	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	233	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	43	234	defense	defense	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	235	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	236	good	good	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	237	faith	faith	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	238	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	239	probable	probable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	240	cause	cause	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	241	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	242	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	43	243	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	43	244	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	245	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	246	appeals	appeal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	247	found	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	43	248	available	available	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	249	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	250	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	43	251	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	252	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	253	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	43	254	common	common	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	255	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	256	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	257	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	258	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	259	false	false	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	260	arrest	arrest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	261	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	43	262	imprisonment	imprisonment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	263	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	264	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	43	265	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	43	266	available	available	ADJ
cjrl-14166	43	267	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	268	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	43	269	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	270	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	43	271	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	43	272	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	43	273	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	43	274	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	43	275	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	276	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	277	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	43	278	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	44	2	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	3	started	start	VERB
cjrl-14166	44	4	out	out	ADP
cjrl-14166	44	5	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	44	6	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	44	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	44	8	subjective	subjective	ADJ
cjrl-14166	44	9	intentions	intention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	44	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	44	12	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	13	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	44	14	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	16	later	later	ADV
cjrl-14166	44	17	being	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	44	18	changed	change	VERB
cjrl-14166	44	19	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	44	20	require	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	44	21	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	44	22	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	23	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	44	24	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	25	clearly	clearly	ADV
cjrl-14166	44	26	established	establish	VERB
cjrl-14166	44	27	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	28	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	29	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	44	30	overcome	overcome	VERB
cjrl-14166	44	31	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	44	32	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	34	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	44	35	defining	define	VERB
cjrl-14166	44	36	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	37	clearly	clearly	ADV
cjrl-14166	44	38	established	establish	VERB
cjrl-14166	44	39	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	40	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	44	41	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	42	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	44	43	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	44	44	prior	prior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	44	45	supreme	supreme	PROPN
cjrl-14166	44	46	court	court	PROPN
cjrl-14166	44	47	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	44	48	circuit	circuit	PROPN
cjrl-14166	44	49	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	50	opinion	opinion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	51	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	44	52	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	44	53	unconstitutional	unconstitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	44	54	virtually	virtually	ADV
cjrl-14166	44	55	identical	identical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	44	56	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	57	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	58	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	59	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
cjrl-14166	44	60	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	61	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	62	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	44	63	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	64	far	far	ADV
cjrl-14166	44	65	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	44	66	often	often	ADV
cjrl-14166	44	67	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	44	68	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	44	69	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	44	70	afforded	afford	VERB
cjrl-14166	44	71	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	44	72	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	73	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	44	74	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	44	75	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	44	76	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	45	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	45	2	nancy	nancy	PROPN
cjrl-14166	45	3	leong	leong	PROPN
cjrl-14166	45	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	45	5	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	45	6	failures	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	45	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	45	8	108	108	NUM
cjrl-14166	45	9	cornell	cornell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	45	10	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	45	11	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	45	12	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	45	13	345	345	NUM
cjrl-14166	45	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	45	15	356–57	356–57	NUM
cjrl-14166	45	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	45	17	2023	2023	NUM
cjrl-14166	45	18	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	45	19	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	45	20	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	45	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	45	22	supreme	supreme	PROPN
cjrl-14166	45	23	court	court	PROPN
cjrl-14166	45	24	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	45	25	described	describe	VERB
cjrl-14166	45	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	45	27	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	45	28	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	45	29	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	45	30	robust	robust	ADJ
cjrl-14166	45	31	defense	defense	NOUN
cjrl-14166	45	32	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	45	33	shields	shield	VERB
cjrl-14166	45	34	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	45	35	all	all	PRON
cjrl-14166	45	36	but	but	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	45	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	45	38	plainly	plainly	ADV
cjrl-14166	45	39	incompetent	incompetent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	45	40	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	45	41	those	those	PRON
cjrl-14166	45	42	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	45	43	knowingly	knowingly	ADV
cjrl-14166	45	44	violate	violate	VERB
cjrl-14166	45	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	45	46	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	45	47	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	45	48	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	45	49	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	2	citing	cite	VERB
cjrl-14166	46	3	malley	malley	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	4	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	5	briggs	briggs	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	7	475	475	NUM
cjrl-14166	46	8	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	9	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	10	335	335	NUM
cjrl-14166	46	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	12	341	341	NUM
cjrl-14166	46	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	14	1986	1986	NUM
cjrl-14166	46	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	16	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	17	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	18	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	19	alexander	alexander	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	20	reinert	reinert	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	21	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	22	joanna	joanna	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	23	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	24	schwartz	schwartz	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	25	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	46	26	james	james	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	27	e.	e.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	28	pfander	pfander	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	30	new	new	ADJ
cjrl-14166	46	31	federalism	federalism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	46	32	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	46	33	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	46	34	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	46	35	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	46	36	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	37	116	116	NUM
cjrl-14166	46	38	nw	nw	NOUN
cjrl-14166	46	39	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	40	u.	u.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	41	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	42	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	43	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	46	44	737	737	NUM
cjrl-14166	46	45	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	46	753	753	NUM
cjrl-14166	46	47	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	48	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	46	49	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	46	50	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	47	1	7	7	NUM
cjrl-14166	47	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	47	3	infra	infra	NOUN
cjrl-14166	47	4	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	47	5	ii	ii	NOUN
cjrl-14166	47	6	a	a	NOUN
cjrl-14166	47	7	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	47	8	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	47	9	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	47	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	47	11	joanna	joanna	PROPN
cjrl-14166	47	12	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	47	13	schwartz	schwartz	PROPN
cjrl-14166	47	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	47	15	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	47	16	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	47	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	47	18	109	109	NUM
cjrl-14166	47	19	va	va	NOUN
cjrl-14166	47	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	47	21	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	47	22	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	47	23	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	47	24	1181	1181	NUM
cjrl-14166	47	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	47	26	1199–1200	1199–1200	NUM
cjrl-14166	47	27	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	47	28	2023	2023	NUM
cjrl-14166	47	29	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	48	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	48	2	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	48	3	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	48	4	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	48	5	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	48	6	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	48	7	reinert	reinert	PROPN
cjrl-14166	48	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	48	9	schwartz	schwartz	PROPN
cjrl-14166	48	10	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	48	11	pfander	pfander	PROPN
cjrl-14166	48	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	48	13	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	48	14	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	48	15	5	5	NUM
cjrl-14166	48	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	48	17	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	48	18	753	753	NUM
cjrl-14166	48	19	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	48	20	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	48	21	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	48	22	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	48	23	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	48	24	often	often	ADV
cjrl-14166	48	25	operates	operate	VERB
cjrl-14166	48	26	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	48	27	tandem	tandem	NOUN
cjrl-14166	48	28	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	48	29	limits	limit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	48	30	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	48	31	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	48	32	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	48	33	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	48	34	frustrate	frustrate	VERB
cjrl-14166	48	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	48	36	goals	goal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	48	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	48	38	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	48	39	accountability	accountability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	48	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	48	41	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	48	42	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	48	43	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	49	1	8	8	NUM
cjrl-14166	49	2	infra	infra	NOUN
cjrl-14166	49	3	note	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	49	4	133	133	NUM
cjrl-14166	49	5	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	50	1	9	9	NUM
cjrl-14166	50	2	see	see	NOUN
cjrl-14166	50	3	infra	infra	NOUN
cjrl-14166	50	4	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	50	5	ii	ii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	50	6	b.2	b.2	NOUN
cjrl-14166	50	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	51	1	10	10	NUM
cjrl-14166	51	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	51	3	infra	infra	NOUN
cjrl-14166	51	4	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	51	5	ii	ii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	51	6	a.3	a.3	PROPN
cjrl-14166	51	7	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	51	8	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	51	9	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	51	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	51	11	joanna	joanna	PROPN
cjrl-14166	51	12	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	51	13	schwartz	schwartz	PROPN
cjrl-14166	51	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	51	15	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	51	16	indemnification	indemnification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	51	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	51	18	89	89	NUM
cjrl-14166	51	19	n.y.u	n.y.u	NOUN
cjrl-14166	51	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	52	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	52	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	52	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	52	4	885	885	NUM
cjrl-14166	52	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	52	6	2014	2014	NUM
cjrl-14166	52	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	53	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	53	2	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	3	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	4	indemnification	indemnification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	5	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	53	6	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	53	7	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	53	8	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	9	across	across	ADP
cjrl-14166	53	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	53	11	country	country	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	12	engage	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	53	13	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	53	14	tens	ten	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	53	16	millions	million	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	53	18	civilian	civilian	ADJ
cjrl-14166	53	19	interactions	interaction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	20	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	53	21	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	53	22	use	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	53	23	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	24	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	53	25	civilians	civilian	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	26	hundreds	hundred	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	27	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	53	28	thousands	thousand	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	53	30	times	time	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	31	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	53	32	each	each	DET
cjrl-14166	53	33	year	year	NOUN
cjrl-14166	53	34	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	54	1	yet	yet	ADV
cjrl-14166	54	2	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	54	3	people	people	NOUN
cjrl-14166	54	4	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	54	5	believe	believe	VERB
cjrl-14166	54	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	54	7	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	54	8	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	54	9	mistreated	mistreat	VERB
cjrl-14166	54	10	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	54	11	rarely	rarely	ADV
cjrl-14166	54	12	take	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	54	13	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	54	14	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	54	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	55	1	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	55	2	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	55	3	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	55	4	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	55	5	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	55	6	sued	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	55	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	55	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	55	9	suits	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	55	10	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	55	11	limited	limit	VERB
cjrl-14166	55	12	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	55	13	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	55	14	any	any	PRON
cjrl-14166	55	15	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	55	16	negative	negative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	55	17	ramifications	ramification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	55	18	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	55	19	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	55	20	'	'	PART
cjrl-14166	55	21	employment	employment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	55	22	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	55	23	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	55	24	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	56	1	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	56	2	joanna	joanna	PROPN
cjrl-14166	56	3	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	56	4	schwartz	schwartz	PROPN
cjrl-14166	56	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	56	6	what	what	PRON
cjrl-14166	56	7	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	56	8	learn	learn	VERB
cjrl-14166	56	9	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	56	10	lawsuits	lawsuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	56	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	56	12	33	33	NUM
cjrl-14166	56	13	cardozo	cardozo	PROPN
cjrl-14166	56	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	57	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	57	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	57	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	57	4	841	841	NUM
cjrl-14166	57	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	57	6	863–64	863–64	PROPN
cjrl-14166	57	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	57	8	2012	2012	NUM
cjrl-14166	57	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	58	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	58	2	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	58	3	what	what	PRON
cjrl-14166	58	4	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	58	5	learn	learn	VERB
cjrl-14166	58	6	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	58	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	58	8	noting	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	58	9	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	58	10	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	58	11	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	58	12	%	%	NOUN
cjrl-14166	58	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	58	14	people	people	NOUN
cjrl-14166	58	15	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	58	16	believe	believe	VERB
cjrl-14166	58	17	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	58	18	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	58	19	suffered	suffer	VERB
cjrl-14166	58	20	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	58	21	mistreatment	mistreatment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	58	22	file	file	NOUN
cjrl-14166	58	23	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	58	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	58	25	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	58	26	reported	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	58	27	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	58	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	58	29	bureau	bureau	PROPN
cjrl-14166	58	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	58	31	justice	justice	PROPN
cjrl-14166	58	32	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	58	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	59	1	1294	1294	NUM
cjrl-14166	59	2	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	59	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	60	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	60	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	60	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	60	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	61	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	61	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	61	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	61	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	62	1	trauma	trauma	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	2	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	62	3	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	62	4	face	face	VERB
cjrl-14166	62	5	long	long	ADJ
cjrl-14166	62	6	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	62	7	term	term	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	8	impacts	impact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	9	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	10	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	62	11	encounter	encounter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	12	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	13	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	62	15	let	let	VERB
cjrl-14166	62	16	alone	alone	ADJ
cjrl-14166	62	17	encounters	encounter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	18	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	62	19	involve	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	62	20	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	21	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	62	22	violence.11	violence.11	ADJ
cjrl-14166	62	23	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	24	forces	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	25	regularly	regularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	62	26	engage	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	62	27	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	28	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	62	29	excessive	excessive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	62	30	displays	display	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	31	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	32	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	33	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	62	34	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	35	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	36	overall	overall	ADJ
cjrl-14166	62	37	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	38	comparison	comparison	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	39	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	40	adults	adult	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	41	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	62	42	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	62	43	especially	especially	ADV
cjrl-14166	62	44	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	45	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	46	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	47	color.12	color.12	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	48	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	49	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	50	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	62	51	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	62	52	disproportionate	disproportionate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	62	53	impact	impact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	54	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	55	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	56	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	57	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	58	further	further	ADJ
cjrl-14166	62	59	highlights	highlight	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	60	concerns	concern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	61	regarding	regard	VERB
cjrl-14166	62	62	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	62	63	absence	absence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	64	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	65	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	66	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	62	67	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	68	available	available	ADJ
cjrl-14166	62	69	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	62	70	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	62	71	people	people	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	72	experience	experience	VERB
cjrl-14166	62	73	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	74	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	75	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	62	76	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	77	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	78	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	62	79	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	62	80	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	81	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	62	82	making	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	62	83	reform	reform	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	84	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	62	85	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	62	86	area	area	NOUN
cjrl-14166	62	87	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
cjrl-14166	62	88	necessary	necessary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	62	89	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	63	1	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	63	2	extensive	extensive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	63	3	research	research	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	4	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	63	5	investigated	investigate	VERB
cjrl-14166	63	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	63	7	impact	impact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	8	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	63	9	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	63	11	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	63	13	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	63	14	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	63	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	63	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	63	18	separately	separately	ADV
cjrl-14166	63	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	63	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	63	21	role	role	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	22	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	63	23	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	24	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	63	25	guardians	guardian	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	63	27	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	28	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	63	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	63	30	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	31	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	63	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	63	33	foster	foster	ADJ
cjrl-14166	63	34	care	care	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	35	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	36	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	63	37	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	63	38	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	39	explores	explore	VERB
cjrl-14166	63	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	63	41	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	42	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	43	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	63	44	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	63	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	63	46	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	47	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	63	48	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	49	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	63	50	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	51	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	63	52	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	63	53	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	54	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	55	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	63	56	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	63	57	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	63	58	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	59	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	63	60	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	63	61	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	63	62	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	64	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
cjrl-14166	64	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	64	3	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	64	4	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	5	examines	examine	VERB
cjrl-14166	64	6	current	current	ADJ
cjrl-14166	64	7	frameworks	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	8	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	64	9	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	10	after	after	ADP
cjrl-14166	64	11	instances	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	64	13	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	14	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	15	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	64	16	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	64	18	highlighting	highlight	VERB
cjrl-14166	64	19	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	64	20	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	64	21	systems	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	22	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	64	23	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	64	24	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	64	25	boundless	boundless	ADJ
cjrl-14166	64	26	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	27	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	64	28	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	64	29	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	30	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	64	32	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	64	33	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	64	34	structurally	structurally	ADV
cjrl-14166	64	35	prevent	prevent	VERB
cjrl-14166	64	36	institutional	institutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	64	37	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	64	39	leaving	leave	VERB
cjrl-14166	64	40	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	41	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	64	42	little	little	ADJ
cjrl-14166	64	43	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	64	44	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	64	45	recourse	recourse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	64	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	65	1	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	2	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	65	3	discusses	discuss	VERB
cjrl-14166	65	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	65	5	role	role	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	65	7	various	various	ADJ
cjrl-14166	65	8	levels	level	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	65	10	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	11	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	65	12	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	65	14	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	65	15	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	65	16	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	17	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	65	18	potential	potential	ADJ
cjrl-14166	65	19	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	20	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	65	21	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	22	caused	cause	VERB
cjrl-14166	65	23	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	65	24	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	65	25	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	26	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	65	27	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	65	28	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	29	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	65	30	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	31	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	65	32	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	65	33	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	34	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	65	35	particularly	particularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	65	36	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	37	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	65	38	manifested	manifest	VERB
cjrl-14166	65	39	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	65	40	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	65	41	standing	standing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	42	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	65	43	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	65	44	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	65	45	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	46	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	65	47	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	66	1	part	part	PROPN
cjrl-14166	66	2	ii	ii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	66	3	identifies	identify	VERB
cjrl-14166	66	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	66	5	illusory	illusory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	66	6	solutions	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	66	7	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	66	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	66	9	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	66	10	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	66	11	frameworks	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	66	12	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	66	13	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	66	14	details	detail	NOUN
cjrl-14166	66	15	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	66	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	66	17	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	66	18	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	66	19	states	state	VERB
cjrl-14166	66	20	hold	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	66	21	lack	lack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	66	22	complementary	complementary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	66	23	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	66	24	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	66	25	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	66	26	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	66	27	those	those	DET
cjrl-14166	66	28	same	same	ADJ
cjrl-14166	66	29	entities	entity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	66	30	fail	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	66	31	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	66	32	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	66	33	roles	role	NOUN
cjrl-14166	66	34	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	67	1	finally	finally	ADV
cjrl-14166	67	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	67	3	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	4	iii	iii	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	5	posits	posit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	6	potential	potential	ADJ
cjrl-14166	67	7	solutions	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	8	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	67	9	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	67	10	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	67	11	undertaken	undertake	VERB
cjrl-14166	67	12	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	67	13	ensure	ensure	VERB
cjrl-14166	67	14	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	15	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	67	17	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	18	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	19	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	67	20	actually	actually	ADV
cjrl-14166	67	21	qualify	qualify	VERB
cjrl-14166	67	22	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	67	23	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	24	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	67	25	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	67	26	institutions	institution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	67	28	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	67	29	11	11	NUM
cjrl-14166	67	30	practices	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	31	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	67	32	modern	modern	ADJ
cjrl-14166	67	33	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	34	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	67	35	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	36	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	67	37	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	38	engagement	engagement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	67	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	67	40	int’l	int’l	NUM
cjrl-14166	67	41	assoc	assoc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	67	42	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	68	1	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	68	2	chiefs	chief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	68	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	68	4	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	68	5	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	68	6	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	68	7	nov	nov	PROPN
cjrl-14166	68	8	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	68	9	30	30	NUM
cjrl-14166	68	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	68	11	2018	2018	NUM
cjrl-14166	68	12	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	68	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	68	14	https://www.theiacp.org/resources/document/practices-in-modern-policing-police-youthengagement	https://www.theiacp.org/resources/document/practices-in-modern-policing-police-youthengagement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	68	15	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	68	16	https://perma.cc/9849-elpk	https://perma.cc/9849-elpk	X
cjrl-14166	68	17	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	68	18	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	68	19	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	68	20	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	68	21	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	68	22	infra	infra	VERB
cjrl-14166	68	23	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	68	24	ii	ii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	68	25	b.2	b.2	NOUN
cjrl-14166	68	26	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	69	1	12	12	NUM
cjrl-14166	69	2	lisa	lisa	PROPN
cjrl-14166	69	3	h.	h.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	69	4	thurau	thurau	PROPN
cjrl-14166	69	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	69	6	rethinking	rethink	VERB
cjrl-14166	69	7	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	69	8	we	we	PRON
cjrl-14166	69	9	police	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	69	10	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	69	11	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	69	12	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
cjrl-14166	69	13	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	69	14	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	69	15	adolescence	adolescence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	69	16	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	69	17	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	69	18	teens	teen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	69	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	69	20	29	29	NUM
cjrl-14166	69	21	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	69	22	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	70	1	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	70	2	rts	rt	NOUN
cjrl-14166	70	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	71	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	71	2	30	30	PROPN
cjrl-14166	71	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	71	4	31	31	NUM
cjrl-14166	71	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	71	6	2009	2009	NUM
cjrl-14166	71	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	71	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	72	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	72	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	72	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	72	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	72	7	1295	1295	NUM
cjrl-14166	72	8	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	72	9	individuals	individual	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	72	11	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	72	12	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	72	13	made	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	72	14	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	72	15	take	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	72	16	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	72	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	72	18	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	19	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	72	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	72	21	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	72	22	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	23	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	72	24	occur	occur	VERB
cjrl-14166	72	25	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	72	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	72	27	hands	hand	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	72	29	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	72	31	both	both	PRON
cjrl-14166	72	32	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	72	33	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	72	34	adequate	adequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	72	35	compensation	compensation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	36	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	72	37	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	38	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	72	39	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	72	40	ensure	ensure	VERB
cjrl-14166	72	41	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	42	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	72	43	long	long	ADJ
cjrl-14166	72	44	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	72	45	term	term	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	46	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	47	reform	reform	NOUN
cjrl-14166	72	48	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	73	1	i.	i.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	73	2	liability	liability	PROPN
cjrl-14166	73	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	73	4	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	73	6	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	73	7	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	73	8	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	73	9	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	73	10	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	73	11	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	12	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	73	13	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	14	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	73	15	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	16	a.	a.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	17	understanding	understand	VERB
cjrl-14166	73	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	73	19	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	20	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	21	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	73	22	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	73	23	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	24	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	73	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	73	26	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	73	27	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	28	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	73	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	73	30	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	31	before	before	ADP
cjrl-14166	73	32	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	73	33	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	34	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	73	35	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	73	36	titled	title	VERB
cjrl-14166	73	37	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	73	38	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	73	39	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	40	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	73	41	deprivation	deprivation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	42	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	73	43	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	73	44	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	73	45	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	73	46	provides	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	73	47	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	73	48	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	74	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	74	2	e]very	e]very	ADP
cjrl-14166	74	3	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	74	4	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	74	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	74	6	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	74	7	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	74	8	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	74	9	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	74	10	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	74	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	74	12	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	74	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	74	14	regulation	regulation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	74	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	74	16	custom	custom	ADJ
cjrl-14166	74	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	74	18	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	74	19	usage	usage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	74	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	74	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	75	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	76	1	subjects	subject	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	76	3	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	76	4	causes	cause	VERB
cjrl-14166	76	5	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	76	6	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	76	7	subjected	subject	VERB
cjrl-14166	76	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	76	9	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	76	10	citizen	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	76	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	76	13	united	united	PROPN
cjrl-14166	76	14	states	states	PROPN
cjrl-14166	76	15	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	76	16	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	76	17	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	18	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	76	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	76	20	jurisdiction	jurisdiction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	21	thereof	thereof	ADV
cjrl-14166	76	22	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	76	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	76	24	deprivation	deprivation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	76	26	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	76	27	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	76	29	privileges	privilege	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	76	31	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	76	32	immunities	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	33	secured	secure	VERB
cjrl-14166	76	34	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	76	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	76	36	constitution	constitution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	37	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	76	38	laws	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	39	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	76	40	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	76	41	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	76	42	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	76	43	individual.13	individual.13	PRON
cjrl-14166	76	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	76	45	provision	provision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	46	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	76	47	created	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	76	48	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	76	49	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	76	50	purpose	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	51	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	76	52	providing	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	76	53	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	76	54	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	76	55	remedy	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	56	where	where	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	76	57	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	58	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	59	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	76	60	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	76	61	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	76	62	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	76	63	where	where	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	76	64	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	76	65	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	66	remedy	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	67	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	76	68	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	76	69	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	76	70	available	available	ADJ
cjrl-14166	76	71	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	76	72	practice	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	76	73	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	77	1	”14	”14	VERB
cjrl-14166	77	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	77	3	supreme	supreme	PROPN
cjrl-14166	77	4	court	court	PROPN
cjrl-14166	77	5	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	77	6	found	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	77	7	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	77	8	1879	1879	NUM
cjrl-14166	77	9	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	77	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	77	11	equal	equal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	77	12	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	13	clause	clause	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	14	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	77	15	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	77	16	enforced	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	77	17	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	77	18	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	77	19	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	20	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	77	21	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	77	22	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	77	23	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	24	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	25	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	77	26	acting	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	77	27	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	77	28	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	77	29	official	official	ADJ
cjrl-14166	77	30	capacities	capacity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	31	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	77	32	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	77	33	acting	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	77	34	appropriately	appropriately	ADV
cjrl-14166	77	35	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	77	36	misusing	misuse	VERB
cjrl-14166	77	37	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	77	38	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	39	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	77	40	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	77	41	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	77	42	violate	violate	VERB
cjrl-14166	77	43	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	77	44	individual	individual	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	45	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	77	46	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	77	47	rights.15	rights.15	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	48	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	77	49	1961	1961	NUM
cjrl-14166	77	50	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	77	51	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	77	52	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	53	addressed	address	VERB
cjrl-14166	77	54	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	77	55	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	77	56	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	77	57	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	77	58	specifically	specifically	ADV
cjrl-14166	77	59	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	77	60	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	77	61	intended	intend	VERB
cjrl-14166	77	62	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	77	63	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	77	64	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	77	65	remedy	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	66	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	77	67	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	77	68	individuals	individual	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	69	deprived	deprive	VERB
cjrl-14166	77	70	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	77	71	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	77	72	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	77	73	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	74	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	77	75	such	such	DET
cjrl-14166	77	76	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	77	77	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	77	78	official	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	77	79	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	78	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	78	2	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	78	3	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	78	4	pape	pape	NOUN
cjrl-14166	78	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	78	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	78	7	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	78	8	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	78	9	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	78	10	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	78	11	did	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	78	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	78	13	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	78	14	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	78	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	78	16	intend	intend	VERB
cjrl-14166	78	17	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	78	18	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	78	19	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	78	20	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	78	21	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	78	22	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	78	23	remedy	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	78	24	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	78	25	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	78	26	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	78	27	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	78	28	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	78	29	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	78	30	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	78	31	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	78	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	78	33	official	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	78	34	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	78	35	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	78	36	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	78	37	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	78	38	13	13	NUM
cjrl-14166	78	39	42	42	NUM
cjrl-14166	78	40	u.s.c.a	u.s.c.a	PROPN
cjrl-14166	78	41	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	79	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	79	2	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	79	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	80	1	14	14	NUM
cjrl-14166	80	2	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	80	3	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	80	4	pape	pape	NOUN
cjrl-14166	80	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	80	6	365	365	NUM
cjrl-14166	80	7	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	80	8	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	80	9	167	167	NUM
cjrl-14166	80	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	80	11	173–74	173–74	NUM
cjrl-14166	80	12	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	80	13	1961	1961	NUM
cjrl-14166	80	14	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	80	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	81	1	15	15	NUM
cjrl-14166	81	2	ex	ex	X
cjrl-14166	81	3	parte	parte	PROPN
cjrl-14166	81	4	virginia	virginia	PROPN
cjrl-14166	81	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	81	6	100	100	NUM
cjrl-14166	81	7	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	81	8	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	81	9	339	339	NUM
cjrl-14166	81	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	81	11	346	346	NUM
cjrl-14166	81	12	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	81	13	1879	1879	NUM
cjrl-14166	81	14	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	81	15	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	81	16	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	81	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	81	18	prohibitions	prohibition	NOUN
cjrl-14166	81	19	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	81	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	81	21	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	81	22	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	81	23	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	81	24	directed	direct	VERB
cjrl-14166	81	25	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	81	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	81	27	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	81	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	81	29	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	81	30	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	81	31	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	81	32	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	81	33	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	81	34	degree	degree	NOUN
cjrl-14166	81	35	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	81	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	81	37	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	81	38	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	81	39	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	82	1	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	82	2	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	82	3	these	these	PRON
cjrl-14166	82	4	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	82	5	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	82	6	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	82	7	empowered	empower	VERB
cjrl-14166	82	8	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	82	9	enforce	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	82	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	82	11	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	82	12	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	82	13	enforce	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	82	14	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	82	15	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	82	16	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	82	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	82	18	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	82	19	put	put	VERB
cjrl-14166	82	20	forth	forth	ADV
cjrl-14166	82	21	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	82	22	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	82	23	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	82	24	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	82	25	be	be	VERB
cjrl-14166	82	26	executive	executive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	82	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	82	28	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	82	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	82	30	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	82	31	judicial	judicial	NOUN
cjrl-14166	82	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	82	33	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	82	34	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	82	35	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	83	1	1296	1296	NUM
cjrl-14166	83	2	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	83	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	84	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	84	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	84	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	84	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	85	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	85	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	85	5	individually	individually	ADV
cjrl-14166	85	6	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	85	7	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	8	those	those	DET
cjrl-14166	85	9	actions.16	actions.16	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	10	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	11	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	85	12	words	word	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	85	14	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	85	15	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	16	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	85	17	never	never	ADV
cjrl-14166	85	18	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	85	19	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	85	20	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	85	21	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	23	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	85	24	official	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	25	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	85	26	actions	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	27	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	29	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	30	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	85	31	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	85	32	constitute	constitute	VERB
cjrl-14166	85	33	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	85	34	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	35	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	37	meaning	meaning	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	38	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	39	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	40	statute.17	statute.17	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	42	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	43	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	45	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	46	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	47	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	48	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	85	49	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	50	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	85	51	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	52	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	53	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	54	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	55	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	56	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	85	57	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	85	58	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	85	59	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	85	60	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	85	61	proposed	propose	VERB
cjrl-14166	85	62	addition	addition	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	63	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	64	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	65	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	85	66	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	67	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	68	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	69	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	85	70	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	85	71	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	72	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	73	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	74	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	75	1983).18	1983).18	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	76	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	77	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	78	suggested	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	85	79	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	85	80	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	81	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	85	82	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	85	83	acts	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	84	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	85	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	86	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	87	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	88	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	89	resulted	result	VERB
cjrl-14166	85	90	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	91	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	92	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	85	93	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	94	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	95	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	85	96	person.19	person.19	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	97	though	though	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	85	98	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	85	99	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	85	100	adopted	adopt	VERB
cjrl-14166	85	101	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	102	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	103	senate	senate	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	104	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	85	105	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	106	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	107	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	85	108	expressly	expressly	ADV
cjrl-14166	85	109	rejected	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	85	110	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	111	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	112	house	house	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	113	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	114	representatives.20	representatives.20	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	115	instead	instead	ADV
cjrl-14166	85	116	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	85	117	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	118	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	85	119	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	85	120	adopted	adopt	VERB
cjrl-14166	85	121	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	122	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	85	123	mention	mention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	124	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	125	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	85	126	liability.21	liability.21	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	127	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	128	examining	examine	VERB
cjrl-14166	85	129	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	85	130	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	85	131	history	history	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	132	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	85	133	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	85	134	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	135	concluded	conclude	VERB
cjrl-14166	85	136	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	137	16	16	NUM
cjrl-14166	85	138	365	365	NUM
cjrl-14166	85	139	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	140	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	141	167	167	NUM
cjrl-14166	85	142	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	85	143	191	191	NUM
cjrl-14166	85	144	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	85	145	1961	1961	NUM
cjrl-14166	85	146	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	85	147	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	85	148	overruled	overrule	VERB
cjrl-14166	85	149	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	150	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	85	151	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	152	dep’t	dep’t	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	153	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	85	154	soc	soc	NOUN
cjrl-14166	85	155	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	1	servs	servs	PROPN
cjrl-14166	86	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	86	4	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	86	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	86	6	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	86	7	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	86	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	9	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	86	10	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	86	11	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	86	12	658	658	NUM
cjrl-14166	86	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	14	1978	1978	NUM
cjrl-14166	86	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	16	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	17	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	18	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	86	20	response	response	NOUN
cjrl-14166	86	21	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	86	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	86	23	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	86	24	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	86	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	86	26	proposal	proposal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	86	27	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	86	28	make	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	86	29	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	86	30	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	86	31	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	86	32	certain	certain	ADJ
cjrl-14166	86	33	actions	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	86	34	being	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	86	35	brought	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	86	36	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	86	37	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	86	38	purview	purview	NOUN
cjrl-14166	86	39	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	86	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	86	41	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	86	42	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	86	43	april	april	PROPN
cjrl-14166	86	44	20	20	NUM
cjrl-14166	86	45	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	46	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	86	47	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	48	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	86	49	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	86	50	antagonistic	antagonistic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	86	51	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	86	52	we	we	PRON
cjrl-14166	86	53	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	86	54	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	86	55	believe	believe	VERB
cjrl-14166	86	56	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	86	57	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	86	58	word	word	NOUN
cjrl-14166	86	59	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	60	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	86	61	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	62	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	86	63	used	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	86	64	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	86	65	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	86	66	particular	particular	ADJ
cjrl-14166	86	67	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	86	68	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	86	69	include	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	86	70	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	86	71	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	72	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	73	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	86	74	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	87	1	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	87	2	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	87	3	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	87	4	defined	define	VERB
cjrl-14166	87	5	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	87	6	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	87	7	political	political	ADJ
cjrl-14166	87	8	unit	unit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	87	9	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	87	10	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	87	11	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
cjrl-14166	87	12	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	87	13	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	87	14	self	self	NOUN
cjrl-14166	87	15	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	87	16	governance	governance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	87	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	87	18	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	87	19	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	87	20	encompasses	encompass	VERB
cjrl-14166	87	21	entities	entity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	87	22	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	87	23	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	87	24	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	87	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	87	26	towns	town	NOUN
cjrl-14166	87	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	87	28	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	87	29	villages	village	NOUN
cjrl-14166	87	30	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	88	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	88	2	webster	webster	PROPN
cjrl-14166	88	3	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	88	4	ii	ii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	88	5	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	88	6	college	college	PROPN
cjrl-14166	88	7	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN
cjrl-14166	88	8	210	210	NUM
cjrl-14166	88	9	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	88	10	3d	3d	NOUN
cjrl-14166	88	11	ed.2005	ed.2005	PROPN
cjrl-14166	88	12	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	88	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	88	14	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	88	15	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	88	16	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	88	17	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	88	18	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	88	19	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	88	20	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	88	21	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
cjrl-14166	88	22	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	88	23	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	88	24	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	88	25	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	88	26	definite	definite	ADJ
cjrl-14166	88	27	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
cjrl-14166	88	28	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	88	29	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	88	30	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	88	31	set	set	VERB
cjrl-14166	88	32	forth	forth	ADP
cjrl-14166	88	33	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	88	34	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	88	35	charter	charter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	88	36	granted	grant	VERB
cjrl-14166	88	37	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	88	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	88	39	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	88	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	88	41	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	88	42	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	88	43	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	89	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	89	2	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	89	3	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	89	4	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	89	5	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	89	6	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	89	7	political	political	ADJ
cjrl-14166	89	8	unit	unit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	89	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	89	10	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	89	11	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	89	12	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	89	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	89	14	town	town	NOUN
cjrl-14166	89	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	89	16	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	89	17	village	village	NOUN
cjrl-14166	89	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	89	19	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
cjrl-14166	89	20	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	89	21	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	89	22	self	self	NOUN
cjrl-14166	89	23	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	89	24	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	89	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	89	26	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	89	27	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	89	28	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	90	1	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	90	2	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	90	3	typically	typically	ADV
cjrl-14166	90	4	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	90	5	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	90	6	functions	function	NOUN
cjrl-14166	90	7	like	like	ADP
cjrl-14166	90	8	parks	park	NOUN
cjrl-14166	90	9	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	90	10	recreation	recreation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	90	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	90	12	housing	housing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	90	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	90	14	emergency	emergency	NOUN
cjrl-14166	90	15	medical	medical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	90	16	services	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	90	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	90	18	fire	fire	NOUN
cjrl-14166	90	19	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	90	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	90	21	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	90	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	90	23	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	90	24	relevant	relevant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	90	25	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	90	26	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	90	27	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	90	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	90	29	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	90	30	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	90	31	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	91	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	91	2	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	91	3	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	91	4	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	91	5	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	91	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	91	7	white	white	PROPN
cjrl-14166	91	8	house	house	PROPN
cjrl-14166	91	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	91	10	https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/1600/state-and-local-government	https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/1600/state-and-local-government	X
cjrl-14166	91	11	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	91	12	https://perma.cc/682u-vn4f	https://perma.cc/682u-vn4f	NOUN
cjrl-14166	91	13	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	91	14	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	91	15	last	last	ADJ
cjrl-14166	91	16	accessed	access	VERB
cjrl-14166	91	17	apr	apr	NOUN
cjrl-14166	91	18	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	91	19	14	14	NUM
cjrl-14166	91	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	91	21	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	91	22	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	91	23	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	91	24	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	91	25	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	91	26	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	91	27	generally	generally	ADV
cjrl-14166	91	28	include	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	91	29	two	two	NUM
cjrl-14166	91	30	tiers	tier	NOUN
cjrl-14166	91	31	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	91	32	counties	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	91	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	91	34	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	91	35	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	92	1	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	92	2	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	92	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	92	4	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	92	5	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	92	6	/	/	SYM
cjrl-14166	92	7	towns	town	NOUN
cjrl-14166	92	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	92	9	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	92	10	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	92	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	93	1	17	17	NUM
cjrl-14166	93	2	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	93	3	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	93	4	15	15	NUM
cjrl-14166	93	5	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	93	6	18	18	NUM
cjrl-14166	93	7	achtenberg	achtenberg	NOUN
cjrl-14166	93	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	93	9	infra	infra	NOUN
cjrl-14166	93	10	note	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	93	11	79	79	NUM
cjrl-14166	93	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	93	13	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	93	14	2186	2186	NUM
cjrl-14166	93	15	n.10	n.10	ADP
cjrl-14166	93	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	93	17	2005	2005	NUM
cjrl-14166	93	18	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	93	19	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	93	20	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	93	21	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	93	22	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	93	23	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	93	24	derived	derive	VERB
cjrl-14166	93	25	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	93	26	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	93	27	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	93	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	93	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	93	30	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	93	31	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	93	32	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	93	33	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	93	34	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	93	35	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	93	36	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	93	37	known	know	VERB
cjrl-14166	93	38	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	93	39	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	93	40	"	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	93	41	ku	ku	PROPN
cjrl-14166	93	42	klux	klux	PROPN
cjrl-14166	93	43	act	act	PROPN
cjrl-14166	93	44	"	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	93	45	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	93	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	94	1	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	94	2	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	94	3	apr	apr	PROPN
cjrl-14166	94	4	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	94	5	20	20	NUM
cjrl-14166	94	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	94	7	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	94	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	94	9	ch	ch	NOUN
cjrl-14166	94	10	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	94	11	22	22	NUM
cjrl-14166	94	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	94	13	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	94	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	94	15	17	17	NUM
cjrl-14166	94	16	stat	stat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	94	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	95	1	13	13	NUM
cjrl-14166	95	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	96	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	96	2	ku	ku	PROPN
cjrl-14166	96	3	klux	klux	PROPN
cjrl-14166	96	4	act	act	PROPN
cjrl-14166	96	5	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	96	6	enacted	enact	VERB
cjrl-14166	96	7	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	96	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	96	9	forty	forty	NUM
cjrl-14166	96	10	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	96	11	second	second	NOUN
cjrl-14166	96	12	congress	congress	NOUN
cjrl-14166	96	13	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	96	14	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	96	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	96	16	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	96	17	john	john	PROPN
cjrl-14166	96	18	t.	t.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	96	19	ryan	ryan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	96	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	96	21	jr	jr	PROPN
cjrl-14166	96	22	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	96	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	96	24	malicious	malicious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	96	25	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	96	26	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	96	27	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	96	28	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	96	29	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	96	30	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	96	31	do	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	96	32	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	96	33	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	96	34	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	96	35	recourse	recourse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	96	36	?	?	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	96	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	96	38	64	64	NUM
cjrl-14166	96	39	geo	geo	PROPN
cjrl-14166	96	40	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	96	41	wash	wash	PROPN
cjrl-14166	96	42	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	97	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	97	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	97	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	97	4	776	776	NUM
cjrl-14166	97	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	97	6	781–82	781–82	NUM
cjrl-14166	97	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	97	8	1996	1996	NUM
cjrl-14166	97	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	97	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	97	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	97	12	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	97	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	97	14	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	97	15	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	97	16	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	97	17	having	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	97	18	trouble	trouble	NOUN
cjrl-14166	97	19	enforcing	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	97	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	97	21	provisions	provision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	97	22	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	97	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	97	24	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	97	25	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	97	26	following	follow	VERB
cjrl-14166	97	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	97	28	end	end	NOUN
cjrl-14166	97	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	97	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	97	31	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	97	32	war	war	NOUN
cjrl-14166	97	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	97	34	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	97	35	enacted	enact	VERB
cjrl-14166	97	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	97	37	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	97	38	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	97	39	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	97	40	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	97	41	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	97	42	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	98	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	98	2	first	first	ADJ
cjrl-14166	98	3	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	98	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	98	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	98	6	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	98	7	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	98	8	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	98	9	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	98	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	98	11	precursor	precursor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	98	12	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	98	13	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	98	14	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	98	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	98	16	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	98	17	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	98	18	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	99	1	monell	monell	VERB
cjrl-14166	99	2	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	99	3	dep’t	dep’t	NOUN
cjrl-14166	99	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	99	5	soc	soc	NOUN
cjrl-14166	99	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	1	servs	servs	PROPN
cjrl-14166	100	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	100	4	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	100	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	100	6	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	100	7	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	100	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	9	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	100	10	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	100	11	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	100	12	658	658	NUM
cjrl-14166	100	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	14	664	664	NUM
cjrl-14166	100	15	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	16	1978	1978	NUM
cjrl-14166	100	17	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	18	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	19	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	100	21	sole	sole	ADJ
cjrl-14166	100	22	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	100	23	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	100	24	[	[	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	100	26	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	100	27	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	100	28	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	100	29	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	100	30	pape	pape	NOUN
cjrl-14166	100	31	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	32	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	100	33	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	100	34	inference	inference	NOUN
cjrl-14166	100	35	drawn	draw	VERB
cjrl-14166	100	36	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	100	37	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	100	38	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	39	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	100	40	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	100	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	100	42	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	43	sherman	sherman	NOUN
cjrl-14166	100	44	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	100	45	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	100	46	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	100	47	bill	bill	NOUN
cjrl-14166	100	48	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	100	49	became	become	VERB
cjrl-14166	100	50	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	100	51	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	100	52	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	100	53	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	100	54	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	100	55	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	100	56	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	100	57	17	17	NUM
cjrl-14166	100	58	stat	stat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	100	59	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	101	1	13	13	NUM
cjrl-14166	101	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	101	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	101	4	precursor	precursor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	101	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	101	6	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	101	7	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	101	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	101	9	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	101	10	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	101	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	1	19	19	NUM
cjrl-14166	102	2	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	4	365	365	NUM
cjrl-14166	102	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	102	9	188	188	NUM
cjrl-14166	102	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	12	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	102	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	102	14	bill	bill	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	15	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	102	16	became	become	VERB
cjrl-14166	102	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	102	18	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	19	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	102	20	april	april	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	21	20	20	NUM
cjrl-14166	102	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	23	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	102	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	25	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	102	26	being	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	102	27	debated	debate	VERB
cjrl-14166	102	28	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	102	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	102	30	senate	senate	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	32	senator	senator	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	33	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	34	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	102	35	ohio	ohio	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	36	proposed	propose	VERB
cjrl-14166	102	37	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	102	38	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	39	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	102	40	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	102	41	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	102	42	made	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	102	43	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	102	45	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	46	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	102	47	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	102	48	county	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	49	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	50	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	51	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	52	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	102	53	parish	parish	ADJ
cjrl-14166	102	54	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	55	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	102	56	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	102	57	certain	certain	ADJ
cjrl-14166	102	58	acts	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	59	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	102	60	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	61	occurred	occur	VERB
cjrl-14166	102	62	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	102	63	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	64	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	102	65	pay	pay	VERB
cjrl-14166	102	66	full	full	ADJ
cjrl-14166	102	67	compensation	compensation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	68	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	69	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	102	70	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	102	71	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	72	damaged	damage	VERB
cjrl-14166	102	73	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	102	74	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	102	75	widow	widow	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	76	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	102	77	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	102	78	representative	representative	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	79	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	80	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	81	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	82	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	83	cong	cong	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	84	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	85	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	86	globe	globe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	87	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	88	42d	42d	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	89	cong	cong	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	90	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	102	91	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	92	1st	1st	ADJ
cjrl-14166	102	93	sess	sess	NOUN
cjrl-14166	102	94	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	102	95	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	103	1	p.	p.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	103	2	663	663	NUM
cjrl-14166	103	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	104	1	20	20	NUM
cjrl-14166	104	2	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	104	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	104	4	365	365	NUM
cjrl-14166	104	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	104	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	104	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	104	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	104	9	190	190	NUM
cjrl-14166	104	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	104	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	104	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	104	13	objection	objection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	104	14	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	104	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	104	16	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	104	17	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	104	18	stated	state	VERB
cjrl-14166	104	19	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	104	20	mr	mr	PROPN
cjrl-14166	104	21	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	104	22	poland	poland	PROPN
cjrl-14166	104	23	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	104	24	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	104	25	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	104	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	104	27	house	house	NOUN
cjrl-14166	104	28	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	104	29	solemnly	solemnly	ADV
cjrl-14166	104	30	decided	decide	VERB
cjrl-14166	104	31	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	104	32	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	104	33	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	104	34	judgment	judgment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	104	35	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	104	36	had	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	104	37	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	104	38	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	104	39	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	104	40	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	104	41	impose	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	104	42	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	104	43	obligation	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	104	44	upon	upon	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	104	45	county	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	104	46	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	104	47	town	town	NOUN
cjrl-14166	104	48	organizations	organization	NOUN
cjrl-14166	104	49	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	104	50	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	104	51	mere	mere	ADJ
cjrl-14166	104	52	instrumentality	instrumentality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	104	53	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	104	54	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	104	55	administration	administration	NOUN
cjrl-14166	104	56	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	104	57	state	state	PROPN
cjrl-14166	104	58	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	104	59	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	104	60	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	104	61	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	104	62	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	104	63	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	105	1	21	21	NUM
cjrl-14166	105	2	42	42	NUM
cjrl-14166	105	3	u.s.c.a	u.s.c.a	PROPN
cjrl-14166	105	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	105	5	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	105	6	1986	1986	NUM
cjrl-14166	105	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	105	8	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	105	9	every	every	DET
cjrl-14166	105	10	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	105	11	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	105	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	105	13	having	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	105	14	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	105	15	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	105	16	any	any	PRON
cjrl-14166	105	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	105	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	105	19	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	105	20	conspired	conspire	VERB
cjrl-14166	105	21	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	105	22	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	105	23	done	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	105	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	105	25	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	105	26	mentioned	mention	VERB
cjrl-14166	105	27	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	105	28	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	105	29	1985	1985	NUM
cjrl-14166	105	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	105	31	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	105	32	title	title	NOUN
cjrl-14166	105	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	105	34	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	105	35	about	about	ADJ
cjrl-14166	105	36	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	105	37	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	105	38	committed	commit	VERB
cjrl-14166	105	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	105	40	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	105	41	having	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	105	42	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	105	43	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	105	44	prevent	prevent	VERB
cjrl-14166	105	45	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	105	46	aid	aid	VERB
cjrl-14166	105	47	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	105	48	preventing	prevent	VERB
cjrl-14166	105	49	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	105	50	commission	commission	NOUN
cjrl-14166	105	51	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	105	52	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	105	53	same	same	ADJ
cjrl-14166	105	54	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	105	55	neglects	neglect	VERB
cjrl-14166	105	56	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	105	57	refuses	refuse	VERB
cjrl-14166	105	58	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	105	59	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	105	60	do	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	105	61	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	105	62	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	106	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	107	1	shall	shall	AUX
cjrl-14166	107	2	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	107	3	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	107	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	107	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	107	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	107	7	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	107	8	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	107	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	108	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	108	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	108	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	108	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	108	7	1297	1297	NUM
cjrl-14166	108	8	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	108	9	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	108	10	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	108	11	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	108	12	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	108	13	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	108	14	undertake	undertake	VERB
cjrl-14166	108	15	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	108	16	bring	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	108	17	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	108	18	corporations	corporation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	19	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	108	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	108	21	ambit	ambit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	22	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	108	23	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	108	24	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	108	25	1983].”22	1983].”22	NUM
cjrl-14166	108	26	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	108	27	specifically	specifically	ADV
cjrl-14166	108	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	108	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	108	30	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	31	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	108	32	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	33	meant	mean	VERB
cjrl-14166	108	34	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	108	35	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	36	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	108	37	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	108	38	wholly	wholly	ADV
cjrl-14166	108	39	immune	immune	ADJ
cjrl-14166	108	40	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	108	41	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	42	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	108	43	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	108	44	1983.”23	1983.”23	NUM
cjrl-14166	108	45	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	108	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	108	47	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	108	48	overruled	overrule	VERB
cjrl-14166	108	49	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	108	50	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	108	51	limited	limited	ADJ
cjrl-14166	108	52	means	mean	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	53	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	108	54	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	108	55	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	56	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	108	57	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	108	58	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	108	59	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	108	60	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	61	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	108	62	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	63	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	64	just	just	ADV
cjrl-14166	108	65	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	108	66	two	two	NUM
cjrl-14166	108	67	decades	decade	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	68	after	after	ADP
cjrl-14166	108	69	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	108	70	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	108	71	pape	pape	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	72	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	108	73	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	108	74	supreme	supreme	PROPN
cjrl-14166	108	75	court	court	PROPN
cjrl-14166	108	76	reversed	reverse	VERB
cjrl-14166	108	77	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	108	78	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	108	79	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	2	1978	1978	NUM
cjrl-14166	109	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	4	female	female	ADJ
cjrl-14166	109	5	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	6	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	8	department	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	10	social	social	ADJ
cjrl-14166	109	11	services	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	12	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	109	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	14	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	16	education	education	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	19	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	21	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	22	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	23	brought	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	109	24	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	109	25	class	class	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	26	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	27	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	28	both	both	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	109	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	30	department	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	31	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	109	32	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	33	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	34	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	109	35	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	109	36	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	37	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	109	38	chancellor	chancellor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	39	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	40	as	as	ADV
cjrl-14166	109	41	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	109	42	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	43	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	45	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	46	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	47	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	48	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	49	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	109	50	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	109	51	mayor	mayor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	52	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	53	claiming	claim	VERB
cjrl-14166	109	54	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	109	55	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	56	policies	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	57	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	58	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	59	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	60	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	109	61	department	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	62	forced	force	VERB
cjrl-14166	109	63	pregnant	pregnant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	109	64	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	65	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	109	66	take	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	109	67	unpaid	unpaid	ADJ
cjrl-14166	109	68	leaves	leave	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	69	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	70	absence	absence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	71	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	72	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	73	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	74	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	109	75	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	109	76	rights.24	rights.24	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	77	according	accord	VERB
cjrl-14166	109	78	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	79	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	80	district	district	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	81	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	82	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	83	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	84	ruling	ruling	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	85	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	86	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	87	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	88	pape	pape	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	89	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	109	90	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	109	91	allow	allow	VERB
cjrl-14166	109	92	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	93	backpay	backpay	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	94	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	95	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	96	entities	entity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	97	named	name	VERB
cjrl-14166	109	98	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	99	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	100	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	101	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	102	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	103	department	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	104	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	105	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	106	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	107	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	108	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	109	109	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	110	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	111	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	112	new	new	ADJ
cjrl-14166	109	113	york.25	york.25	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	114	upon	upon	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	109	115	grant	grant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	116	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	117	certiorari	certiorari	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	118	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	119	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	120	supreme	supreme	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	121	court	court	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	122	addressed	address	VERB
cjrl-14166	109	123	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	109	124	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	125	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	109	126	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	109	127	left	leave	VERB
cjrl-14166	109	128	unanswered	unanswered	ADJ
cjrl-14166	109	129	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	130	previous	previous	ADJ
cjrl-14166	109	131	year26	year26	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	132	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	133	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	109	134	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	109	135	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	136	22	22	NUM
cjrl-14166	109	137	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	138	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	139	365	365	NUM
cjrl-14166	109	140	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	141	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	142	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	143	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	144	187–88	187–88	NUM
cjrl-14166	109	145	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	146	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	147	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	148	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	109	149	second	second	ADJ
cjrl-14166	109	150	conference	conference	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	151	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	152	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	153	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	154	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	109	155	dropped	drop	VERB
cjrl-14166	109	156	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	109	157	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	158	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	109	159	place	place	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	160	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	161	6	6	NUM
cjrl-14166	109	162	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	163	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	109	164	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	109	165	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	109	166	april	april	PROPN
cjrl-14166	109	167	20	20	NUM
cjrl-14166	109	168	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	169	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	109	170	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	109	171	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	109	172	substituted	substitute	VERB
cjrl-14166	109	173	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	110	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	110	2	new	new	ADJ
cjrl-14166	110	3	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	110	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	110	5	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	110	6	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	110	7	now	now	ADV
cjrl-14166	110	8	r.s	r.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	110	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	110	10	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	110	11	1981	1981	NUM
cjrl-14166	110	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	110	13	42	42	NUM
cjrl-14166	110	14	u.s.c	u.s.c	ADJ
cjrl-14166	110	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	111	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	111	2	1986	1986	NUM
cjrl-14166	111	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	111	4	42	42	NUM
cjrl-14166	111	5	u.s.c.a	u.s.c.a	PROPN
cjrl-14166	111	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	111	7	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	111	8	1986	1986	NUM
cjrl-14166	111	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	111	10	dropped	drop	VERB
cjrl-14166	111	11	out	out	ADP
cjrl-14166	111	12	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	111	13	provision	provision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	111	14	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	111	15	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	111	16	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	111	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	111	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	111	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	111	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	111	21	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	111	22	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	111	23	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	112	1	susanah	susanah	PROPN
cjrl-14166	112	2	m.	m.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	112	3	mead	mead	PROPN
cjrl-14166	112	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	112	5	42	42	NUM
cjrl-14166	112	6	u.s.c	u.s.c	ADJ
cjrl-14166	112	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	113	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	113	2	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	113	3	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	113	4	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	113	5	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	113	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	113	7	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	113	8	sketch	sketch	NOUN
cjrl-14166	113	9	becomes	become	VERB
cjrl-14166	113	10	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	113	11	distorted	distorted	ADJ
cjrl-14166	113	12	picture	picture	NOUN
cjrl-14166	113	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	113	14	65	65	NUM
cjrl-14166	113	15	n.c	n.c	PROPN
cjrl-14166	113	16	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	113	17	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	113	18	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	113	19	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	114	1	517	517	NUM
cjrl-14166	114	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	3	525	525	NUM
cjrl-14166	114	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	5	1987	1987	NUM
cjrl-14166	114	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	8	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	9	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	114	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	114	11	negative	negative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	114	12	reactions	reaction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	114	13	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	114	14	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	114	15	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	114	16	expressed	express	VERB
cjrl-14166	114	17	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	114	18	[	[	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	114	20	congressional	congressional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	114	21	debates	debate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	114	22	accompanying	accompany	VERB
cjrl-14166	114	23	consideration	consideration	NOUN
cjrl-14166	114	24	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	114	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	114	26	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	114	27	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	114	28	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	114	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	114	30	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	114	31	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	33	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	114	34	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	114	35	inferred	infer	VERB
cjrl-14166	114	36	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	114	37	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	114	38	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	114	39	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	114	40	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	114	41	intended	intend	VERB
cjrl-14166	114	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	114	43	word	word	NOUN
cjrl-14166	114	44	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	45	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	114	46	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	47	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	114	48	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	114	49	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	114	50	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	114	51	include	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	114	52	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	114	53	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	54	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	55	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	114	56	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	115	1	23	23	NUM
cjrl-14166	115	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	115	3	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	115	4	dep’t	dep’t	NOUN
cjrl-14166	115	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	115	6	soc	soc	NOUN
cjrl-14166	115	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	116	1	servs	servs	PROPN
cjrl-14166	116	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	116	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	116	4	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	116	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	116	6	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	116	7	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	116	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	116	9	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	116	10	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	116	11	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	116	12	658	658	NUM
cjrl-14166	116	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	116	14	663	663	NUM
cjrl-14166	116	15	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	116	16	1978	1978	NUM
cjrl-14166	116	17	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	116	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	117	1	24	24	NUM
cjrl-14166	117	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	117	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	117	4	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	117	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	117	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	117	7	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	117	8	660–61	660–61	NUM
cjrl-14166	117	9	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	117	10	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	117	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	117	12	gravamen	gravaman	NOUN
cjrl-14166	117	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	117	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	117	15	complaint	complaint	NOUN
cjrl-14166	117	16	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	117	17	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	117	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	117	19	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	117	20	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	117	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	117	22	department	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	117	23	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	117	24	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	117	25	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	117	26	matter	matter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	117	27	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	117	28	official	official	ADJ
cjrl-14166	117	29	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	117	30	compelled	compel	VERB
cjrl-14166	117	31	pregnant	pregnant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	117	32	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	117	33	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	117	34	take	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	117	35	unpaid	unpaid	ADJ
cjrl-14166	117	36	leaves	leave	NOUN
cjrl-14166	117	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	117	38	absence	absence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	117	39	before	before	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	117	40	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	117	41	leaves	leave	NOUN
cjrl-14166	117	42	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	117	43	required	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	117	44	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	117	45	medical	medical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	117	46	reasons	reason	NOUN
cjrl-14166	117	47	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	117	48	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	117	49	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	117	50	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	118	1	25	25	NUM
cjrl-14166	119	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	119	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	119	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	119	4	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	119	5	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	119	6	p]laintiffs	p]laintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	119	7	'	'	PART
cjrl-14166	119	8	prayers	prayer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	119	9	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	119	10	backpay	backpay	NOUN
cjrl-14166	119	11	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	119	12	denied	deny	VERB
cjrl-14166	119	13	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	119	14	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	119	15	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	119	16	damages	damage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	119	17	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	119	18	come	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	119	19	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
cjrl-14166	119	20	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	119	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	119	22	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	119	23	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	119	24	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	119	25	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	119	26	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	119	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	119	28	therefore	therefore	ADV
cjrl-14166	119	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	119	30	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	119	31	hold	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	119	32	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
cjrl-14166	119	33	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	119	34	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	119	35	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	119	36	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	119	37	circumven[t	circumven[t	NOUN
cjrl-14166	119	38	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	119	39	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	119	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	119	41	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	119	42	conferred	confer	VERB
cjrl-14166	119	43	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	119	44	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	119	45	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	119	46	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	119	47	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	119	48	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	119	49	pape	pape	NOUN
cjrl-14166	119	50	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	119	51	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	119	52	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	119	53	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	119	54	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	119	55	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	120	1	26	26	NUM
cjrl-14166	120	2	mt	mt	PROPN
cjrl-14166	120	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	120	4	healthy	healthy	PROPN
cjrl-14166	120	5	city	city	PROPN
cjrl-14166	120	6	bd	bd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	120	7	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	120	8	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	120	9	educ	educ	PROPN
cjrl-14166	120	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	121	1	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	121	2	doyle	doyle	PROPN
cjrl-14166	121	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	121	4	429	429	NUM
cjrl-14166	121	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	121	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	121	7	274	274	NUM
cjrl-14166	121	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	121	9	279	279	NUM
cjrl-14166	121	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	121	11	1977	1977	NUM
cjrl-14166	121	12	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	121	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	121	14	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	121	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	121	16	related	related	ADJ
cjrl-14166	121	17	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	121	18	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	121	19	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	121	20	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	121	21	school	school	NOUN
cjrl-14166	121	22	district	district	NOUN
cjrl-14166	121	23	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	121	24	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	121	25	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	121	26	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	121	27	purposes	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	121	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	121	29	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	121	30	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	121	31	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	121	32	likewise	likewise	ADV
cjrl-14166	121	33	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	121	34	before	before	ADP
cjrl-14166	121	35	us	we	PRON
cjrl-14166	121	36	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	122	1	we	we	PRON
cjrl-14166	122	2	leave	leave	VERB
cjrl-14166	122	3	those	those	DET
cjrl-14166	122	4	questions	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	122	5	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	122	6	another	another	DET
cjrl-14166	122	7	day	day	NOUN
cjrl-14166	122	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	122	9	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	122	10	assume	assume	VERB
cjrl-14166	122	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	122	12	without	without	ADP
cjrl-14166	122	13	deciding	decide	VERB
cjrl-14166	122	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	122	15	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	122	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	122	17	respondent	respondent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	122	18	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	122	19	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	122	20	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	122	21	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	122	22	1331	1331	NUM
cjrl-14166	122	23	without	without	ADP
cjrl-14166	122	24	regard	regard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	122	25	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	122	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	122	27	limitations	limitation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	122	28	imposed	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	122	29	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	122	30	42	42	NUM
cjrl-14166	122	31	u.s.c	u.s.c	ADJ
cjrl-14166	122	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	123	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	123	2	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	123	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	123	4	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	123	5	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	123	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	124	1	1298	1298	NUM
cjrl-14166	124	2	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	124	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	125	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	125	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	125	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	125	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	126	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	126	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	126	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	126	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	126	5	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	126	6	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	126	7	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	126	8	independent	independent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	126	9	school	school	NOUN
cjrl-14166	126	10	boards	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	126	11	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	126	12	considered	consider	VERB
cjrl-14166	126	13	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	126	14	persons	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	126	15	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	126	16	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	126	17	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	126	18	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	126	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	127	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	127	2	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	127	3	doing	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	127	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	127	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	6	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	7	overruled	overrule	VERB
cjrl-14166	127	8	monroe.27	monroe.27	PROPN
cjrl-14166	127	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	10	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	127	11	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	127	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	127	13	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	127	14	formed	form	VERB
cjrl-14166	127	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	16	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	127	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	19	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	127	20	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	21	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	127	22	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	127	23	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	127	24	seek	seek	VERB
cjrl-14166	127	25	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	127	26	alter	alter	VERB
cjrl-14166	127	27	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	127	28	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	127	30	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	127	31	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	127	32	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	127	33	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	127	34	another	another	DET
cjrl-14166	127	35	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	127	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	38	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	127	39	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	40	act.28	act.28	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	41	yet	yet	ADV
cjrl-14166	127	42	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	127	43	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	44	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	45	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	127	46	1961	1961	NUM
cjrl-14166	127	47	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	127	48	reached	reach	VERB
cjrl-14166	127	49	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	50	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	51	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	127	52	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	53	house	house	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	54	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	127	55	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	56	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	127	57	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	58	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	59	meant	mean	VERB
cjrl-14166	127	60	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	127	61	had	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	127	62	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	127	63	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	64	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	127	65	ever	ever	ADV
cjrl-14166	127	66	impose	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	127	67	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	68	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	127	69	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	127	70	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	127	71	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	72	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	127	73	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	74	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	127	75	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	127	76	1983.29	1983.29	NUM
cjrl-14166	127	77	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	78	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	79	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	127	80	original	original	ADJ
cjrl-14166	127	81	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	82	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	127	83	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	84	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	127	85	history	history	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	86	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	127	87	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	127	88	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	127	89	reaction	reaction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	90	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	127	91	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	92	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	127	93	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	127	94	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	127	95	flawed.30	flawed.30	ADJ
cjrl-14166	127	96	first	first	ADV
cjrl-14166	127	97	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	127	98	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	99	objection	objection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	100	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	127	101	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	102	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	127	103	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	127	104	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	127	105	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	127	106	preclude	preclude	VERB
cjrl-14166	127	107	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	127	108	creation	creation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	109	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	127	110	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	127	111	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	127	112	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	127	113	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	128	1	senator	senator	PROPN
cjrl-14166	128	2	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	128	3	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	128	4	introduced	introduce	VERB
cjrl-14166	128	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	128	6	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	7	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	128	8	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	128	9	direct	direct	ADJ
cjrl-14166	128	10	response	response	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	11	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	128	12	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
cjrl-14166	128	13	ku	ku	PROPN
cjrl-14166	128	14	klux	klux	PROPN
cjrl-14166	128	15	klan	klan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	128	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	128	17	kkk	kkk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	18	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	128	19	attacks	attack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	20	so	so	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	21	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	22	those	those	PRON
cjrl-14166	128	23	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	128	24	property	property	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	25	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	128	26	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	128	27	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	28	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	29	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	30	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	128	31	support	support	VERB
cjrl-14166	128	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	128	33	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	34	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	128	35	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	128	36	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	37	laws	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	38	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	39	kkk	kkk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	40	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	41	ensued	ensue	VERB
cjrl-14166	128	42	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	43	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	128	44	property	property	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	45	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	128	46	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	128	47	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	128	48	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	128	49	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	128	50	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	128	51	damages.31	damages.31	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	52	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	128	53	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	128	54	unlike	unlike	ADP
cjrl-14166	128	55	most	most	ADJ
cjrl-14166	128	56	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	57	riot	riot	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	58	statutes	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	59	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	128	60	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	128	61	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	128	62	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	128	63	lacked	lack	VERB
cjrl-14166	128	64	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	128	65	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	66	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	128	67	limitations	limitation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	68	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	69	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	128	70	imposed	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	128	71	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	72	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	128	73	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	128	74	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	75	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	76	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	77	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	78	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	128	79	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	128	80	had	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	128	81	notice	notice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	82	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	128	83	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	128	84	impending	impending	ADJ
cjrl-14166	128	85	riot	riot	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	86	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	128	87	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	88	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	89	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	128	90	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	128	91	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	92	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	128	93	authorized	authorize	VERB
cjrl-14166	128	94	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	128	95	exercise	exercise	VERB
cjrl-14166	128	96	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	128	97	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	98	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	99	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	128	100	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	101	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	102	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	128	103	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	128	104	exerted	exert	VERB
cjrl-14166	128	105	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	128	106	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	128	107	efforts	effort	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	108	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	128	109	stop	stop	VERB
cjrl-14166	128	110	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	128	111	riot	riot	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	112	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	128	113	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	114	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	115	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	116	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	128	117	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	128	118	rioters	rioter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	128	119	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	128	120	caught	catch	VERB
cjrl-14166	128	121	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	128	122	punished	punish	VERB
cjrl-14166	128	123	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	129	1	”32	”32	VERB
cjrl-14166	129	2	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	129	3	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	129	4	27	27	NUM
cjrl-14166	129	5	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	129	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	129	7	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	130	1	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	130	2	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	130	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	130	4	663	663	NUM
cjrl-14166	130	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	130	6	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	130	7	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	130	8	w]e	w]e	NOUN
cjrl-14166	130	9	now	now	ADV
cjrl-14166	130	10	overrule	overrule	VERB
cjrl-14166	130	11	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	130	12	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	130	13	pape	pape	PROPN
cjrl-14166	130	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	130	15	supra	supra	NOUN
cjrl-14166	130	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	130	17	insofar	insofar	ADV
cjrl-14166	130	18	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	130	19	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	130	20	holds	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	130	21	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	130	22	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	130	23	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	130	24	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	130	25	wholly	wholly	ADV
cjrl-14166	130	26	immune	immune	ADJ
cjrl-14166	130	27	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	130	28	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	130	29	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	130	30	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	130	31	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	130	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	130	33	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	130	34	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	130	35	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	1	28	28	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	4	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	7	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	8	664	664	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	9	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	10	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	11	although	although	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	131	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	131	13	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	14	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	15	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	131	16	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	131	17	seek	seek	VERB
cjrl-14166	131	18	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	131	19	amend	amend	VERB
cjrl-14166	131	20	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	21	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	22	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	131	24	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	26	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	131	27	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	131	28	now	now	ADV
cjrl-14166	131	29	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	30	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	32	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	131	33	although	although	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	131	34	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	131	35	nature	nature	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	131	38	obligation	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	39	created	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	131	40	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	41	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	131	42	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	43	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	131	44	vastly	vastly	ADV
cjrl-14166	131	45	different	different	ADJ
cjrl-14166	131	46	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	47	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	131	48	created	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	131	49	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	50	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	51	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	52	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	53	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	131	54	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	55	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
cjrl-14166	131	56	concluded	conclude	VERB
cjrl-14166	131	57	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	58	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	59	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	131	60	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	61	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	131	62	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	131	63	meant	mean	VERB
cjrl-14166	131	64	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	131	65	exclude	exclude	VERB
cjrl-14166	131	66	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	131	67	corporations	corporation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	68	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	69	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	131	70	coverage	coverage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	71	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	72	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	73	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	74	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	75	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	76	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	77	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	78	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	131	79	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	80	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	81	665	665	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	82	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	83	discussing	discuss	VERB
cjrl-14166	131	84	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	131	85	proposal	proposal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	86	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	87	h.r	h.r	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	88	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	89	320	320	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	90	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	91	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	131	92	bill	bill	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	93	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	131	94	eventually	eventually	ADV
cjrl-14166	131	95	became	become	VERB
cjrl-14166	131	96	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	131	97	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	131	98	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	99	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	100	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	101	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	102	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	131	103	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	131	104	noting	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	131	105	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	131	106	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	131	107	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	108	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	109	h.r	h.r	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	110	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	131	111	20	20	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	112	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	131	113	now	now	ADV
cjrl-14166	131	114	codified	codify	VERB
cjrl-14166	131	115	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	131	116	42	42	NUM
cjrl-14166	131	117	u.s.c	u.s.c	ADJ
cjrl-14166	131	118	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	132	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	132	2	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	132	3	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	132	4	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	132	5	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	132	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	132	7	subject	subject	NOUN
cjrl-14166	132	8	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	132	9	only	only	ADJ
cjrl-14166	132	10	limited	limited	ADJ
cjrl-14166	132	11	debate	debate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	132	12	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	132	13	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	132	14	passed	pass	VERB
cjrl-14166	132	15	without	without	ADP
cjrl-14166	132	16	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	132	17	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	132	18	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	132	19	sections	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	132	20	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	132	21	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	132	22	4	4	NUM
cjrl-14166	132	23	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	132	24	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	133	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	133	2	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	133	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	133	4	subject	subject	NOUN
cjrl-14166	133	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	133	6	almost	almost	ADV
cjrl-14166	133	7	all	all	PRON
cjrl-14166	133	8	congressional	congressional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	133	9	debate	debate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	133	10	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	133	11	each	each	PRON
cjrl-14166	133	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	133	13	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	133	14	sections	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	133	15	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	133	16	amended	amend	VERB
cjrl-14166	133	17	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	133	18	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	133	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	134	1	29	29	NUM
cjrl-14166	134	2	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	134	3	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	134	4	19	19	NUM
cjrl-14166	134	5	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	134	6	accompanying	accompany	VERB
cjrl-14166	134	7	text	text	NOUN
cjrl-14166	134	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	1	30	30	NUM
cjrl-14166	135	2	supra	supra	ADJ
cjrl-14166	135	3	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	4	24	24	NUM
cjrl-14166	135	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	6	31	31	NUM
cjrl-14166	135	7	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	9	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	135	10	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	11	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	12	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	13	667	667	NUM
cjrl-14166	135	14	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	15	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	16	senator	senator	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	17	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	18	explained	explain	VERB
cjrl-14166	135	19	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	135	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	135	21	purpose	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	22	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	23	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	135	24	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	25	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	135	26	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	135	27	enlist	enlist	VERB
cjrl-14166	135	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	135	29	aid	aid	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	31	persons	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	32	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	33	property	property	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	34	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	135	36	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	135	39	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	135	40	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	41	laws	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	42	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	43	making	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	135	44	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	135	45	property	property	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	46	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	47	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	135	48	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	49	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	50	ku	ku	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	51	klux	klux	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	52	klan	klan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	53	damage	damage	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	54	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	55	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	56	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	57	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	58	achtenberg	achtenberg	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	59	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	60	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	61	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	62	80	80	NUM
cjrl-14166	135	63	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	64	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	65	2196	2196	NUM
cjrl-14166	135	66	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	67	2005	2005	NUM
cjrl-14166	135	68	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	69	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	70	describing	describe	VERB
cjrl-14166	135	71	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	135	72	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	73	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	74	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	75	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	76	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	135	77	proposal	proposal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	78	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	135	79	make	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	135	80	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	81	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	135	82	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	83	injuries	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	84	resulting	result	VERB
cjrl-14166	135	85	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	86	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	135	87	depredations	depredation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	88	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	89	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	135	90	ku	ku	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	91	klux	klux	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	92	klan	klan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	135	93	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	135	94	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	135	95	similar	similar	ADJ
cjrl-14166	135	96	mob	mob	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	97	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	135	98	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	99	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	135	100	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	136	1	32	32	NUM
cjrl-14166	136	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	136	4	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	136	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	136	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	136	7	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	136	8	668	668	NUM
cjrl-14166	136	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	136	10	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	136	11	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	136	12	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	136	14	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	15	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	136	16	1299	1299	NUM
cjrl-14166	136	17	words	word	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	136	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	136	20	problem	problem	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	21	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	136	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	136	23	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	136	24	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	136	25	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	136	26	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	136	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	136	28	reason	reason	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	29	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	136	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	136	31	house	house	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	32	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	136	33	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	34	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	136	35	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	136	36	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	136	37	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	136	38	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	136	39	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	136	40	resistance	resistance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	41	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	136	42	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	136	43	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	44	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	45	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	136	46	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	136	47	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	136	48	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	136	49	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	136	50	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	136	51	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	136	52	unbounded	unbounded	ADJ
cjrl-14166	136	53	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	54	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	136	55	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	136	56	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	57	seemed	seem	VERB
cjrl-14166	136	58	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	136	59	propose.33	propose.33	VERB
cjrl-14166	136	60	second	second	ADJ
cjrl-14166	136	61	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	136	62	proponents	proponent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	63	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	136	64	opponents	opponent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	65	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	136	66	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	136	67	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	136	68	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	136	69	disagreed	disagree	VERB
cjrl-14166	136	70	largely	largely	ADV
cjrl-14166	136	71	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	136	72	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	136	73	issue	issue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	74	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	136	75	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	76	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	77	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	136	78	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	136	79	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	136	80	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	137	1	proponents	proponent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	2	relied	rely	VERB
cjrl-14166	137	3	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	137	4	prigg	prigg	PROPN
cjrl-14166	137	5	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	137	6	pennsylvania	pennsylvania	PROPN
cjrl-14166	137	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	137	8	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	137	9	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	137	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	137	11	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	12	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	137	13	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	137	14	slaveowners	slaveowner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	15	had	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	137	16	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	137	17	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	137	18	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	19	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	137	20	article	article	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	21	iv	iv	NUM
cjrl-14166	137	22	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	137	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	137	24	possession	possession	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	137	26	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	137	27	slaves	slave	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	28	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	137	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	137	30	since	since	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	137	31	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	32	remedies	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	33	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	137	34	recovering	recover	VERB
cjrl-14166	137	35	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	137	36	runaway	runaway	ADJ
cjrl-14166	137	37	slave	slave	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	38	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	137	39	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	137	40	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	137	41	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	137	42	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	137	43	possessed	possess	VERB
cjrl-14166	137	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	137	45	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	46	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	137	47	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	137	48	necessary	necessary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	137	49	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	137	50	proper	proper	ADJ
cjrl-14166	137	51	clause	clause	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	52	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	137	53	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	137	54	ensure	ensure	VERB
cjrl-14166	137	55	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	137	56	remedy	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	57	associated	associate	VERB
cjrl-14166	137	58	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	137	59	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	137	60	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	137	61	right.34	right.34	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	62	consequently	consequently	ADV
cjrl-14166	137	63	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	137	64	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	137	65	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	137	66	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	67	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	137	68	provided	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	137	69	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	137	70	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	137	71	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	137	72	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	73	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	137	74	making	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	137	75	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	137	76	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	137	77	remedy	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	78	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	137	79	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	80	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	137	81	counties	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	137	82	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	137	83	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	137	84	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	138	1	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	138	2	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	138	3	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	138	4	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	138	5	hence	hence	ADV
cjrl-14166	138	6	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	138	7	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	138	8	method	method	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	9	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	138	10	ensuring	ensure	VERB
cjrl-14166	138	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	138	12	protection[s	protection[	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	13	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	138	14	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	138	15	guaranteed	guarantee	VERB
cjrl-14166	138	16	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	138	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	138	18	equal	equal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	138	19	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	20	clause.35	clause.35	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	21	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	138	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	138	23	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	138	24	hand	hand	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	138	26	opponents	opponent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	27	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	138	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	138	29	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	30	agreed	agree	VERB
cjrl-14166	138	31	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	138	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	138	33	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	138	34	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	35	created	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	138	36	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	138	37	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	138	38	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	39	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	138	40	argued	argue	VERB
cjrl-14166	138	41	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	138	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	138	43	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	138	44	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	45	still	still	ADV
cjrl-14166	138	46	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	138	47	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	138	48	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	138	49	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	138	50	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	51	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	138	52	require	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	138	53	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	54	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	138	55	create	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	138	56	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	57	forces	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	58	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	138	59	enforce	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	138	60	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	138	61	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	62	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	138	63	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	138	64	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	138	65	did	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	138	66	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	138	67	directly	directly	ADV
cjrl-14166	138	68	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	138	69	command	command	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	70	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	138	71	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cjrl-14166	138	72	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	138	73	allowing	allow	VERB
cjrl-14166	138	74	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	138	75	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	76	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	77	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	138	78	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	79	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	138	80	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	138	81	keep	keep	VERB
cjrl-14166	138	82	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	138	83	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	138	84	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	138	85	peace	peace	NOUN
cjrl-14166	138	86	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	139	1	”36	”36	VERB
cjrl-14166	140	1	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	140	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	140	3	why	why	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	140	4	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	140	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	140	6	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	140	7	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	140	8	overrule	overrule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	140	9	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	140	10	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	140	11	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	140	12	issues	issue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	140	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	140	14	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	140	15	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	140	16	?	?	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	141	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	141	2	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	3	reasoned	reason	VERB
cjrl-14166	141	4	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	141	5	imposing	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	141	6	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	141	7	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	8	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	141	9	damages	damage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	10	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	141	11	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	141	12	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	141	13	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	141	14	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	141	15	create	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	141	16	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	141	17	33	33	NUM
cjrl-14166	141	18	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	141	19	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	141	21	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	141	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	141	23	same	same	ADJ
cjrl-14166	141	24	congress	congress	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	25	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	141	26	passed	pass	VERB
cjrl-14166	141	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	141	28	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	141	29	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	30	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	31	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	141	32	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	141	33	recently	recently	ADV
cjrl-14166	141	34	defined	define	VERB
cjrl-14166	141	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	141	36	word	word	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	37	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	141	38	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	39	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	141	40	so	so	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	141	41	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	141	42	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	141	43	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	141	44	include	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	141	45	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	141	46	bodies	body	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	47	politic	politic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	141	48	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	141	49	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	141	50	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	141	51	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	141	52	tending	tend	VERB
cjrl-14166	141	53	toward	toward	ADP
cjrl-14166	141	54	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	141	55	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	56	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	141	57	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	141	58	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	141	59	intended	intend	VERB
cjrl-14166	141	60	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	61	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	141	62	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	141	63	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	141	64	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	141	65	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	141	66	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	141	67	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	141	68	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	142	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	142	2	mead	mead	NOUN
cjrl-14166	142	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	142	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	142	5	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	142	6	21	21	NUM
cjrl-14166	142	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	142	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	142	9	526	526	NUM
cjrl-14166	142	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	142	11	1987	1987	NUM
cjrl-14166	142	12	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	142	13	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	143	1	34	34	NUM
cjrl-14166	143	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	143	3	prigg	prigg	PROPN
cjrl-14166	143	4	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	143	5	pennsylvania	pennsylvania	PROPN
cjrl-14166	143	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	143	7	41	41	NUM
cjrl-14166	143	8	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	143	9	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	143	10	539	539	NUM
cjrl-14166	143	11	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	143	12	1842	1842	NUM
cjrl-14166	143	13	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	143	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	144	1	35	35	NUM
cjrl-14166	144	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	144	4	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	144	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	144	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	144	7	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	144	8	672	672	NUM
cjrl-14166	144	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	144	10	36	36	NUM
cjrl-14166	144	11	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	144	13	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	144	14	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	144	15	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	144	16	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	144	17	673–79	673–79	ADV
cjrl-14166	144	18	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	144	19	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	144	20	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	144	21	t]here	t]here	PROPN
cjrl-14166	144	22	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	144	23	ample	ample	ADJ
cjrl-14166	144	24	support	support	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	25	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	144	26	blair	blair	PROPN
cjrl-14166	144	27	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	144	28	view	view	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	29	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	144	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	144	31	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	144	32	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	144	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	144	34	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	144	35	putting	put	VERB
cjrl-14166	144	36	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	37	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	144	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	144	39	hobson	hobson	PROPN
cjrl-14166	144	40	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	144	41	choice	choice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	42	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	144	43	keeping	keep	VERB
cjrl-14166	144	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	144	45	peace	peace	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	46	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	144	47	paying	pay	VERB
cjrl-14166	144	48	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	144	49	damages	damage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	50	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	144	51	attempted	attempt	VERB
cjrl-14166	144	52	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	144	53	impose	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	144	54	obligations	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	55	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	144	56	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	57	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	144	58	indirection	indirection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	59	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	144	60	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	144	61	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	144	62	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	144	63	imposed	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	144	64	directly	directly	ADV
cjrl-14166	144	65	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	144	66	thereby	thereby	ADV
cjrl-14166	144	67	threatening	threaten	VERB
cjrl-14166	144	68	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	144	69	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	144	70	destroy	destroy	VERB
cjrl-14166	144	71	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	144	72	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	73	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	144	74	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	144	75	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	144	76	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	144	77	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	144	78	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	145	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	145	2	quoting	quote	VERB
cjrl-14166	145	3	cong	cong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	145	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	146	1	globe	globe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	146	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	146	3	42d	42d	NOUN
cjrl-14166	146	4	cong	cong	PROPN
cjrl-14166	146	5	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	146	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	146	7	1st	1st	ADJ
cjrl-14166	146	8	sess	sess	NOUN
cjrl-14166	146	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	147	1	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	147	2	795	795	NUM
cjrl-14166	147	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	147	4	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	147	5	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	147	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	147	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	147	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	148	1	1300	1300	NUM
cjrl-14166	148	2	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	148	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	149	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	149	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	149	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	149	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	150	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	150	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	150	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	150	5	obligation	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	6	upon	upon	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	150	7	municipalities.37	municipalities.37	PROPN
cjrl-14166	150	8	instead	instead	ADV
cjrl-14166	150	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	150	10	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	11	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	150	12	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	150	13	already	already	ADV
cjrl-14166	150	14	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	15	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	150	16	obligation	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	17	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	18	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	19	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	20	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	150	21	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	150	22	keep	keep	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	24	peace	peace	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	25	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	150	26	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	150	27	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	150	28	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	29	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	150	30	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	31	failing	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	32	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	150	33	do	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	34	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	150	35	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	150	36	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	150	37	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	38	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	150	39	constitute	constitute	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	40	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	150	41	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	42	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	43	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	44	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	150	45	amendment.38	amendment.38	PROPN
cjrl-14166	150	46	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	47	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	150	48	abandoning	abandon	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	49	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	50	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	150	51	court	court	PROPN
cjrl-14166	150	52	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	150	53	misplaced	misplaced	ADJ
cjrl-14166	150	54	reliance	reliance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	55	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	56	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	57	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	150	58	debate	debate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	59	behind	behind	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	60	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	61	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	150	62	amendment,39	amendment,39	PROPN
cjrl-14166	150	63	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	64	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	150	65	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	66	reexamined	reexamine	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	67	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	68	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	69	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	70	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	150	71	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	72	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	150	73	constitute	constitute	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	74	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	150	75	persons	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	76	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	150	77	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	78	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	79	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	80	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	150	81	finding	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	82	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	150	83	congressional	congressional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	150	84	intent	intent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	85	supported	support	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	86	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	150	87	answer	answer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	88	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	89	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	90	affirmative.40	affirmative.40	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	91	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	150	92	allowing	allow	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	93	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	94	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	150	95	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	96	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	97	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	150	98	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	150	99	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	150	100	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	101	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	150	102	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	103	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
cjrl-14166	150	104	limited	limit	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	105	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	106	scope	scope	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	107	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	108	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	150	109	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	110	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	150	111	noting	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	112	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	150	113	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	150	114	governmental	governmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	150	115	entity	entity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	116	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	150	117	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	150	118	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	150	119	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	120	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	150	121	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	122	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	150	123	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	150	124	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	150	125	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	126	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	150	127	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	128	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	129	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	130	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	150	131	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	150	132	result	result	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	133	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	134	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	150	135	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	136	adopted	adopt	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	137	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	138	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	150	139	entity.41	entity.41	PROPN
cjrl-14166	150	140	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
cjrl-14166	150	141	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	150	142	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	143	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	144	rejected	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	145	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	150	146	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	147	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	148	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	149	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	150	150	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	151	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	150	152	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	153	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	150	154	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	150	155	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	156	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	150	157	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	150	158	added	add	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	159	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	150	160	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	150	161	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	150	162	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	163	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	150	164	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	150	165	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	150	166	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	167	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	150	168	solely	solely	ADV
cjrl-14166	150	169	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	150	170	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	150	171	employs	employ	VERB
cjrl-14166	150	172	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	150	173	tortfeasor	tortfeasor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	150	174	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	151	1	”42	”42	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	2	using	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	151	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	151	4	language	language	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	151	6	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	151	7	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	151	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	151	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	151	10	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	11	found	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	151	12	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	151	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	151	14	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	15	requires	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	151	16	proof	proof	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	151	18	causation	causation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	151	20	37	37	NUM
cjrl-14166	151	21	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	151	23	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	151	24	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	151	25	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	151	26	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	151	27	679	679	NUM
cjrl-14166	151	28	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	151	29	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	151	30	first	first	ADJ
cjrl-14166	151	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	151	32	opponents	opponent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	33	expressly	expressly	ADV
cjrl-14166	151	34	distinguished	distinguish	VERB
cjrl-14166	151	35	between	between	ADP
cjrl-14166	151	36	imposing	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	151	37	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	151	38	obligation	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	39	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	151	40	keep	keep	VERB
cjrl-14166	151	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	151	42	peace	peace	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	43	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	151	44	merely	merely	ADV
cjrl-14166	151	45	imposing	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	151	46	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	151	47	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	48	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	151	49	damages	damage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	50	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	151	51	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	151	52	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	53	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	151	54	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	151	55	obligated	obligate	VERB
cjrl-14166	151	56	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	151	57	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	58	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	59	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	151	60	keep	keep	VERB
cjrl-14166	151	61	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	151	62	peace	peace	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	63	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	151	64	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	151	65	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	151	66	had	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	151	67	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	151	68	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	151	69	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	70	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	151	71	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	151	72	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	151	73	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	151	74	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	151	75	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	151	76	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	151	77	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	152	1	38	38	NUM
cjrl-14166	153	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	153	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	153	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	153	4	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	153	5	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	153	6	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	153	7	the	the	PRON
cjrl-14166	153	8	enforcing	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	153	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	153	10	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	153	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	153	12	existing	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	153	13	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	153	14	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	153	15	own	own	ADJ
cjrl-14166	153	16	contract	contract	NOUN
cjrl-14166	153	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	153	18	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	153	19	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	153	20	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	153	21	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	153	22	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	153	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	153	24	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	153	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	153	26	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	153	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	153	28	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	153	29	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	153	30	very	very	ADV
cjrl-14166	153	31	widely	widely	ADV
cjrl-14166	153	32	different	different	ADJ
cjrl-14166	153	33	thing	thing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	153	34	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	153	35	devolving	devolve	VERB
cjrl-14166	153	36	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	153	37	new	new	ADJ
cjrl-14166	153	38	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	153	39	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	153	40	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	153	41	upon	upon	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	153	42	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	153	43	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	153	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	153	45	national	national	ADJ
cjrl-14166	153	46	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	153	47	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	153	48	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	153	49	has	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	153	50	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	153	51	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	153	52	either	either	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	153	53	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	153	54	create	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	153	55	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	153	56	destroy	destroy	VERB
cjrl-14166	153	57	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	153	58	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	153	59	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	153	60	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	153	61	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	153	62	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	153	63	control	control	NOUN
cjrl-14166	153	64	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	153	65	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	153	66	whatever	whatever	PRON
cjrl-14166	153	67	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	153	68	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	153	69	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	154	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	154	2	quoting	quote	VERB
cjrl-14166	154	3	cong	cong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	154	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	155	1	globe	globe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	155	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	155	3	42d	42d	NOUN
cjrl-14166	155	4	cong	cong	PROPN
cjrl-14166	155	5	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	155	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	155	7	1st	1st	ADJ
cjrl-14166	155	8	sess	sess	NOUN
cjrl-14166	155	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	156	1	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	156	2	794	794	NUM
cjrl-14166	156	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	156	4	statement	statement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	156	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	156	6	rep	rep	PROPN
cjrl-14166	156	7	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	156	8	poland	poland	PROPN
cjrl-14166	156	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	156	10	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	156	11	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	156	12	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	157	1	39	39	NUM
cjrl-14166	157	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	157	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	157	4	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	157	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	157	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	157	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	157	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	157	9	683	683	NUM
cjrl-14166	157	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	157	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	157	12	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	157	13	i]t	i]t	NOUN
cjrl-14166	157	14	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	157	15	readily	readily	ADV
cjrl-14166	157	16	apparent	apparent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	157	17	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	157	18	nothing	nothing	PRON
cjrl-14166	157	19	said	say	VERB
cjrl-14166	157	20	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	157	21	debate	debate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	157	22	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	157	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	157	24	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	157	25	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	157	26	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	157	27	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	157	28	prevented	prevent	VERB
cjrl-14166	157	29	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	157	30	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	157	31	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	157	32	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	157	33	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	157	34	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	157	35	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	157	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	157	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	157	38	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	157	39	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	157	40	act	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	157	41	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	157	42	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	157	43	own	own	ADJ
cjrl-14166	157	44	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	157	45	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	157	46	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	157	47	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	157	48	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	157	49	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	157	50	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	158	1	40	40	NUM
cjrl-14166	158	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	158	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	158	4	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	158	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	158	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	158	7	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	158	8	690	690	NUM
cjrl-14166	158	9	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	158	10	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	158	11	our	our	PRON
cjrl-14166	158	12	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	158	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	158	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	158	15	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	158	16	history	history	NOUN
cjrl-14166	158	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	158	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	158	19	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	158	20	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	158	21	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	158	22	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	158	23	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	158	24	compels	compel	VERB
cjrl-14166	158	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	158	26	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	158	27	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	158	28	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	158	29	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	158	30	intend	intend	VERB
cjrl-14166	158	31	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	158	32	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	158	33	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	158	34	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	158	35	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	158	36	units	unit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	158	37	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	158	38	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	158	39	included	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	158	40	among	among	ADP
cjrl-14166	158	41	those	those	DET
cjrl-14166	158	42	persons	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	158	43	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	158	44	whom	whom	PRON
cjrl-14166	158	45	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	158	46	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	158	47	applies	applie	NOUN
cjrl-14166	158	48	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	158	49	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	158	50	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	158	51	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	159	1	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	159	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	159	3	time	time	NOUN
cjrl-14166	159	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	159	5	passage	passage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	159	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	159	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	159	8	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	159	9	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	159	10	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	159	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	159	12	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	159	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	159	14	corporations	corporation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	159	15	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	159	16	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	159	17	recognized	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	159	18	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	159	19	persons	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	159	20	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	159	21	both	both	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	159	22	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	159	23	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	159	24	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	159	25	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	159	26	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	160	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	160	2	lousville	lousville	PROPN
cjrl-14166	160	3	r.	r.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	160	4	co.	co.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	161	1	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	161	2	letson	letson	PROPN
cjrl-14166	161	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	161	4	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	161	5	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	161	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	162	1	497	497	NUM
cjrl-14166	162	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	162	3	558	558	NUM
cjrl-14166	162	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	162	5	1844	1844	NUM
cjrl-14166	162	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	162	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	162	8	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	162	9	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	162	10	a	a	X
cjrl-14166	162	11	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	162	12	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	162	13	created	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	162	14	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	162	15	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	162	16	doing	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	162	17	business	business	NOUN
cjrl-14166	162	18	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	162	19	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	162	20	particular	particular	ADJ
cjrl-14166	162	21	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	162	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	162	23	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	162	24	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	162	25	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	162	26	deemed	deem	VERB
cjrl-14166	162	27	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	162	28	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	162	29	intents	intent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	162	30	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	162	31	purposes	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	162	32	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	162	33	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	162	34	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	162	35	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	162	36	although	although	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	162	37	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	162	38	artificial	artificial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	162	39	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	162	40	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	162	41	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	162	42	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	162	43	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	163	1	capable	capable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	163	2	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	163	3	being	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	163	4	treated	treat	VERB
cjrl-14166	163	5	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	163	6	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	163	7	citizen	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	163	8	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	163	9	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	163	10	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	163	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	163	12	as	as	ADV
cjrl-14166	163	13	much	much	ADV
cjrl-14166	163	14	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	163	15	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	163	16	natural	natural	ADJ
cjrl-14166	163	17	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	163	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	163	19	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	163	20	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	163	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	164	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	164	2	letson	letson	NOUN
cjrl-14166	164	3	principle	principle	NOUN
cjrl-14166	164	4	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	164	5	then	then	ADV
cjrl-14166	164	6	extended	extend	VERB
cjrl-14166	164	7	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	164	8	include	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	164	9	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	164	10	corporations	corporation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	164	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	165	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	165	2	cowles	cowles	PROPN
cjrl-14166	165	3	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	165	4	mercer	mercer	PROPN
cjrl-14166	165	5	county	county	PROPN
cjrl-14166	165	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	165	7	7	7	NUM
cjrl-14166	165	8	wall	wall	NOUN
cjrl-14166	165	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	166	1	118	118	NUM
cjrl-14166	166	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	166	3	121	121	NUM
cjrl-14166	166	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	166	5	1869	1869	NUM
cjrl-14166	166	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	166	7	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	166	8	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	166	9	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	166	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	166	11	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	166	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	166	13	feb	feb	PROPN
cjrl-14166	166	14	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	166	15	25	25	NUM
cjrl-14166	166	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	166	17	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	166	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	166	19	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	166	20	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	166	21	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	166	22	16	16	NUM
cjrl-14166	166	23	stat	stat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	166	24	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	167	1	431	431	NUM
cjrl-14166	167	2	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	167	3	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	167	4	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	167	5	i]n	i]n	NOUN
cjrl-14166	167	6	all	all	PRON
cjrl-14166	167	7	acts	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	167	8	hereafter	hereafter	ADV
cjrl-14166	167	9	passed	pass	VERB
cjrl-14166	167	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	167	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	167	12	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	168	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	168	2	word	word	NOUN
cjrl-14166	168	3	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	168	4	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	168	5	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	168	6	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	168	7	extend	extend	VERB
cjrl-14166	168	8	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	168	9	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	168	10	applied	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	168	11	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	168	12	bodies	body	NOUN
cjrl-14166	168	13	politic	politic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	168	14	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	168	15	corporate	corporate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	168	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	168	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	168	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	169	1	unless	unless	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	169	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	169	3	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	169	4	shows	show	VERB
cjrl-14166	169	5	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	169	6	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	169	7	words	word	NOUN
cjrl-14166	169	8	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	169	9	intended	intend	VERB
cjrl-14166	169	10	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	169	11	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	169	12	used	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	169	13	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	169	14	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	169	15	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	169	16	limited	limited	ADJ
cjrl-14166	169	17	sense	sense	NOUN
cjrl-14166	169	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	169	19	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	169	20	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	169	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	1	41	41	NUM
cjrl-14166	170	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	170	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	4	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	170	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	170	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	170	7	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	170	8	690	690	NUM
cjrl-14166	170	9	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	10	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	11	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	170	12	governing	govern	VERB
cjrl-14166	170	13	bodies	body	NOUN
cjrl-14166	170	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	15	therefore	therefore	ADV
cjrl-14166	170	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	17	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	170	18	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	170	19	sued	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	170	20	directly	directly	ADV
cjrl-14166	170	21	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	170	22	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	170	23	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	170	24	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	170	25	monetary	monetary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	170	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	27	declaratory	declaratory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	170	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	29	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	170	30	injunctive	injunctive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	170	31	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	170	32	where	where	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	170	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	34	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	170	35	here	here	ADV
cjrl-14166	170	36	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	170	38	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	170	39	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	170	40	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	170	41	alleged	allege	VERB
cjrl-14166	170	42	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	170	43	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	170	44	unconstitutional	unconstitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	170	45	implements	implement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	170	46	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	170	47	executes	execute	VERB
cjrl-14166	170	48	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	170	49	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	170	50	statement	statement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	170	51	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	52	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	170	53	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	54	regulation	regulation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	170	55	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	56	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	170	57	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	170	58	officially	officially	ADV
cjrl-14166	170	59	adopted	adopt	VERB
cjrl-14166	170	60	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	170	61	promulgated	promulgate	VERB
cjrl-14166	170	62	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	170	63	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	170	64	body	body	NOUN
cjrl-14166	170	65	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	170	66	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	170	67	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	68	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	69	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	170	70	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	171	1	42	42	NUM
cjrl-14166	171	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	171	4	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	171	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	171	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	171	7	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	171	8	691	691	NUM
cjrl-14166	171	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	171	10	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	171	11	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	171	12	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	171	14	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	15	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	171	16	1301	1301	NUM
cjrl-14166	171	17	precluding	preclude	VERB
cjrl-14166	171	18	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	171	19	vicarious	vicarious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	171	20	imposition	imposition	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	21	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	171	22	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	23	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	171	24	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	171	25	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	26	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	171	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	171	28	actions	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	171	30	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	171	31	employees.43	employees.43	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	32	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	171	33	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	171	34	approach	approach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	35	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	171	36	therefore	therefore	ADV
cjrl-14166	171	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	171	38	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	171	39	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	171	40	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	41	misapplies	misapply	VERB
cjrl-14166	171	42	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	171	43	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
cjrl-14166	171	44	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	171	45	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	46	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	47	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	171	48	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	171	49	unconstitutional	unconstitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	171	50	way	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	51	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	171	52	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	171	53	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	54	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	171	55	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	171	56	automatically	automatically	ADV
cjrl-14166	171	57	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	171	58	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	171	59	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	171	60	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	171	61	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	171	62	require	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	171	63	relying	rely	VERB
cjrl-14166	171	64	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	171	65	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	171	66	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	67	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	171	68	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	69	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	171	70	monell	monell	AUX
cjrl-14166	171	71	expressly	expressly	ADV
cjrl-14166	171	72	rejected.44	rejected.44	VERB
cjrl-14166	171	73	what	what	PRON
cjrl-14166	171	74	constitutes	constitute	VERB
cjrl-14166	171	75	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	171	76	official	official	ADJ
cjrl-14166	171	77	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	78	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	171	79	custom	custom	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	80	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	171	81	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	171	82	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	171	83	developing	develop	VERB
cjrl-14166	171	84	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	85	since	since	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	171	86	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	171	87	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	88	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	171	89	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	172	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	172	2	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	172	3	series	series	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	172	5	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	6	since	since	ADV
cjrl-14166	172	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	172	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	172	9	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	10	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	11	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	172	12	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	172	13	further	far	ADV
cjrl-14166	172	14	interpreted	interpret	VERB
cjrl-14166	172	15	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	172	16	include	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	172	17	four	four	NUM
cjrl-14166	172	18	distinct	distinct	ADJ
cjrl-14166	172	19	routes	route	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	20	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	172	21	getting	get	VERB
cjrl-14166	172	22	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	172	23	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	24	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	172	25	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	172	26	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	172	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	172	28	all	all	PRON
cjrl-14166	172	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	172	30	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	172	31	uphold	uphold	VERB
cjrl-14166	172	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	172	33	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	34	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	172	35	original	original	ADJ
cjrl-14166	172	36	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	172	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	172	39	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	40	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	172	41	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	42	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	172	43	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	172	44	requiring	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	172	45	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	172	46	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	172	47	choice	choice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	48	made	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	172	49	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	172	50	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	172	51	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	52	as	as	ADV
cjrl-14166	172	53	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	172	54	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	172	55	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	172	56	causal	causal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	172	57	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	58	between	between	ADP
cjrl-14166	172	59	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	172	60	choice	choice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	61	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	172	62	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	172	63	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	172	64	violation.45	violation.45	NOUN
cjrl-14166	172	65	3	3	X
cjrl-14166	172	66	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	173	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	173	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	173	3	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	173	4	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	173	5	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	173	6	four	four	NUM
cjrl-14166	173	7	routes	route	NOUN
cjrl-14166	173	8	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	173	9	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	173	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	173	11	first	first	ADJ
cjrl-14166	173	12	two	two	NUM
cjrl-14166	173	13	avenues	avenue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	173	14	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	173	15	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	173	16	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	173	17	come	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	173	18	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	173	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	173	20	monell	monell	ADJ
cjrl-14166	173	21	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	173	22	itself	itself	PRON
cjrl-14166	173	23	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	174	2	first	first	ADJ
cjrl-14166	174	3	way	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	4	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	174	5	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	6	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	174	7	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	174	8	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	9	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	174	10	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	174	11	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	174	12	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	174	13	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	14	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	174	15	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	174	16	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	174	17	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	18	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	174	19	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	174	20	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	174	21	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	22	implements	implement	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	23	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	174	24	official	official	ADJ
cjrl-14166	174	25	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	26	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	174	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	174	28	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	29	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	174	30	lawmakers	lawmaker	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	31	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	174	32	adopted.46	adopted.46	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	33	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	174	34	second	second	ADJ
cjrl-14166	174	35	involves	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	36	custom	custom	ADV
cjrl-14166	174	37	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	38	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	39	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	40	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	41	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	174	42	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	174	43	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	174	44	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	45	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	174	46	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	47	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	174	48	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	174	49	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	174	50	43	43	NUM
cjrl-14166	174	51	see	see	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	52	monell	monell	ADP
cjrl-14166	174	53	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	54	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	174	55	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	174	56	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	174	57	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	174	58	692–93	692–93	PROPN
cjrl-14166	174	59	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	60	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	61	indeed	indeed	ADV
cjrl-14166	174	62	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	63	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	174	64	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	65	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	174	66	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	174	67	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	174	68	specifically	specifically	ADV
cjrl-14166	174	69	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	70	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	174	71	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	174	72	’s	’s	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	73	tort	tort	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	74	became	become	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	75	b	b	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	76	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	174	77	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	78	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	174	79	b	b	PROPN
cjrl-14166	174	80	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	81	caused	cause	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	82	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	83	a	a	PRON
cjrl-14166	174	84	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	174	85	subject	subject	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	86	another	another	PRON
cjrl-14166	174	87	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	174	88	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	174	89	tort	tort	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	90	suggests	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	91	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	174	92	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	174	93	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	174	94	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	174	95	intend	intend	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	96	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	174	97	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	174	98	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	99	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	174	100	attach	attach	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	101	where	where	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	174	102	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	174	103	causation	causation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	174	104	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	174	105	absent	absent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	174	106	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	107	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	108	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	109	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	110	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	174	111	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	174	112	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	174	113	42	42	NUM
cjrl-14166	174	114	u.s.c.a	u.s.c.a	PROPN
cjrl-14166	174	115	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	175	2	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	175	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	4	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	5	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	175	6	a]ny	a]ny	NOUN
cjrl-14166	175	7	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	175	8	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	175	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	10	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	175	11	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	175	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	175	13	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	175	14	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	175	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	16	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	175	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	18	ordinance	ordinance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	175	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	20	regulation	regulation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	175	21	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	22	custom	custom	ADJ
cjrl-14166	175	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	24	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	175	25	usage	usage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	175	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	175	27	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	175	28	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	175	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	30	shall	shall	AUX
cjrl-14166	175	31	subject	subject	VERB
cjrl-14166	175	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	33	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	175	34	cause	cause	VERB
cjrl-14166	175	35	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	175	36	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	175	37	subjected	subject	VERB
cjrl-14166	175	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	39	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	175	40	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	175	41	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	42	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	43	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	175	44	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	176	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	176	2	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	176	3	added	add	VERB
cjrl-14166	176	4	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	176	5	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	176	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	177	1	44	44	NUM
cjrl-14166	177	2	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	177	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	177	4	canton	canton	PROPN
cjrl-14166	177	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	177	6	ohio	ohio	PROPN
cjrl-14166	177	7	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	177	8	harris	harris	PROPN
cjrl-14166	177	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	177	10	489	489	PROPN
cjrl-14166	177	11	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	177	12	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	177	13	378	378	NUM
cjrl-14166	177	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	177	15	387	387	NUM
cjrl-14166	177	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	177	17	1989	1989	NUM
cjrl-14166	177	18	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	177	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	1	45	45	NUM
cjrl-14166	178	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	178	3	pembaur	pembaur	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	4	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	178	5	cincinnati	cincinnati	PROPN
cjrl-14166	178	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	7	475	475	NUM
cjrl-14166	178	8	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	178	9	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	178	10	469	469	NUM
cjrl-14166	178	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	12	483–84	483–84	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	14	1986	1986	NUM
cjrl-14166	178	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	17	plurality	plurality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	18	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	19	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	20	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	21	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	178	22	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	23	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	178	24	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	178	25	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	178	26	attaches	attach	VERB
cjrl-14166	178	27	where	where	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	178	28	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	29	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	178	30	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	178	31	where	where	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	178	32	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	33	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	178	34	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	178	35	choice	choice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	36	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	178	37	follow	follow	VERB
cjrl-14166	178	38	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	178	39	course	course	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	40	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	178	41	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	42	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	178	43	made	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	178	44	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	178	45	among	among	ADP
cjrl-14166	178	46	various	various	ADJ
cjrl-14166	178	47	alternatives	alternative	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	48	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	178	49	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	178	50	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	51	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	178	52	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	53	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	178	54	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	178	55	establishing	establish	VERB
cjrl-14166	178	56	final	final	ADJ
cjrl-14166	178	57	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	58	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	178	59	respect	respect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	60	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	178	61	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	178	62	subject	subject	ADJ
cjrl-14166	178	63	matter	matter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	64	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	178	65	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	66	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	67	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	68	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	69	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	70	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	178	71	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	178	72	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	73	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	74	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	178	75	county	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	76	com’rs	com’rs	NOUN
cjrl-14166	178	77	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	178	78	bryan	bryan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	178	79	county	county	PROPN
cjrl-14166	178	80	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	178	81	okl	okl	PROPN
cjrl-14166	178	82	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	179	1	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	179	2	brown	brown	PROPN
cjrl-14166	179	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	179	4	520	520	NUM
cjrl-14166	179	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	179	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	179	7	397	397	NUM
cjrl-14166	179	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	179	9	397	397	NUM
cjrl-14166	179	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	179	11	1997	1997	NUM
cjrl-14166	179	12	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	179	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	179	14	requiring	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	179	15	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	179	16	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	179	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	179	18	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	179	19	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	179	20	show	show	VERB
cjrl-14166	179	21	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	179	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	179	23	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	179	24	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	179	25	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	179	26	taken	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	179	27	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	179	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	179	29	requisite	requisite	ADJ
cjrl-14166	179	30	degree	degree	NOUN
cjrl-14166	179	31	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	179	32	culpability	culpability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	179	33	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	179	34	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	179	35	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
cjrl-14166	179	36	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	179	37	direct	direct	ADJ
cjrl-14166	179	38	causal	causal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	179	39	link	link	NOUN
cjrl-14166	179	40	between	between	ADP
cjrl-14166	179	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	179	42	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	179	43	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	179	44	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	179	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	179	46	deprivation	deprivation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	179	47	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	179	48	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	179	49	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	179	50	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	179	51	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	179	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	180	1	46	46	NUM
cjrl-14166	180	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	180	3	monell	monell	ADP
cjrl-14166	180	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	180	5	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	180	6	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	180	7	40	40	NUM
cjrl-14166	180	8	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	180	9	1302	1302	NUM
cjrl-14166	180	10	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	180	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	181	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	181	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	181	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	181	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	182	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	182	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	182	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	182	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	182	5	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	182	6	engaging	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	182	7	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	182	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	182	9	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	182	10	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	182	11	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	182	12	acting	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	182	13	pursuant	pursuant	ADV
cjrl-14166	182	14	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	182	15	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	182	16	governmental	governmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	182	17	custom	custom	NOUN
cjrl-14166	182	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	182	19	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	182	20	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	182	21	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	182	22	custom	custom	NOUN
cjrl-14166	182	23	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	182	24	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	182	25	officially	officially	ADV
cjrl-14166	182	26	written	write	VERB
cjrl-14166	182	27	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	182	28	law.47	law.47	NOUN
cjrl-14166	182	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	182	30	third	third	ADJ
cjrl-14166	182	31	route	route	NOUN
cjrl-14166	182	32	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	182	33	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	182	34	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	182	35	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	182	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	182	37	monell	monell	ADJ
cjrl-14166	182	38	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	182	39	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	182	40	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	182	41	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	182	42	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	182	43	training	training	NOUN
cjrl-14166	182	44	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	182	45	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	182	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	183	1	referring	refer	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	2	back	back	ADV
cjrl-14166	183	3	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	183	5	example	example	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	7	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	183	8	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	9	misapplying	misapply	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	10	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	183	11	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
cjrl-14166	183	12	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	183	13	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	183	14	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	183	16	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	183	17	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	18	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	19	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	183	20	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	183	21	successful	successful	ADJ
cjrl-14166	183	22	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	183	24	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	25	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	26	such	such	DET
cjrl-14166	183	27	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	183	28	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	29	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	183	30	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	183	31	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	183	32	shown	show	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	33	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	183	34	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	183	35	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	36	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	183	37	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	183	38	properly	properly	ADV
cjrl-14166	183	39	trained	train	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	40	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	183	41	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	183	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	183	43	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	44	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	183	45	train	train	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	46	resulted	result	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	47	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	48	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	183	49	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	183	50	violation.48	violation.48	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	51	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	183	52	route	route	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	53	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	183	54	monell	monell	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	55	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	56	expands	expand	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	57	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	183	58	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	59	beyond	beyond	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	60	just	just	ADV
cjrl-14166	183	61	unconstitutional	unconstitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	183	62	policies	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	63	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	183	64	remaining	remain	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	65	true	true	ADJ
cjrl-14166	183	66	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	67	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	183	68	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	69	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	70	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	71	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	183	72	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	73	stipulating	stipulate	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	74	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	183	75	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	76	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	183	77	train	train	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	78	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	183	79	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	183	80	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	183	81	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	183	82	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	83	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	84	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	85	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	86	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	183	87	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	183	88	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	89	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	183	90	train	train	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	91	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	183	92	amounts	amount	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	93	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	183	94	deliberate	deliberate	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	95	indifference	indifference	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	96	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	97	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	183	98	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	99	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	100	persons	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	101	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	102	whom	whom	PRON
cjrl-14166	183	103	the	the	PRON
cjrl-14166	183	104	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	183	105	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	106	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	183	107	come	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	183	108	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	183	109	contact	contact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	183	110	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	1	”49	”49	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	2	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	3	attaches	attach	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	4	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	5	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	184	6	route	route	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	7	after	after	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	8	consideration	consideration	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	10	questions	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	11	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	12	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	13	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	15	training	training	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	17	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	18	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	19	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	21	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	23	inadequacy	inadequacy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	24	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	25	related	relate	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	26	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	28	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	29	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	31	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	33	training	training	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	34	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	35	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	36	prevented	prevent	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	38	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	40	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	41	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	43	inadequacy	inadequacy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	44	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	45	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	46	said	say	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	47	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	184	48	represent	represent	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	49	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	50	policy.50	policy.50	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	51	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	52	fourth	fourth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	53	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	54	final	final	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	55	route	route	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	56	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	184	57	monell	monell	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	58	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	59	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	60	hiring	hire	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	61	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	62	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	63	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	64	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	65	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	66	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	184	67	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	68	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	184	69	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	70	engages	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	71	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	72	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	184	73	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	74	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	75	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	76	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	77	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	78	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	79	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	80	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	81	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	82	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	83	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	84	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	184	85	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	86	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	87	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	184	88	adequately	adequately	ADV
cjrl-14166	184	89	screen	screen	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	90	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	91	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	92	before	before	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	93	hiring.51	hiring.51	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	94	achieving	achieve	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	95	hiring	hiring	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	96	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	97	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	98	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	99	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	100	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	184	101	47	47	NUM
cjrl-14166	184	102	see	see	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	103	monell	monell	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	104	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	105	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	184	106	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	107	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	108	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	109	690	690	NUM
cjrl-14166	184	110	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	111	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	112	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	184	113	l]ocal	l]ocal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	114	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	115	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	116	like	like	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	117	every	every	DET
cjrl-14166	184	118	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	119	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	120	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	184	121	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	122	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	123	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	124	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	125	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	126	very	very	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	127	terms	term	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	128	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	129	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	130	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	131	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	132	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	133	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	134	sued	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	135	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	136	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	137	deprivations	deprivation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	138	visited	visit	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	139	pursuant	pursuant	ADV
cjrl-14166	184	140	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	141	governmental	governmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	142	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	143	custom	custom	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	144	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	145	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	184	146	though	though	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	147	such	such	DET
cjrl-14166	184	148	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	184	149	custom	custom	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	150	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	184	151	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	184	152	received	receive	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	153	formal	formal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	154	approval	approval	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	155	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	156	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	157	body	body	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	158	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	184	159	official	official	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	160	decisionmaking	decisionmake	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	161	channels	channel	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	162	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	163	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	164	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	165	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	166	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	167	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	184	168	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	169	adickes	adicke	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	170	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	171	s.	s.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	172	h.	h.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	173	kress	kress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	174	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	175	co.	co.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	176	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	177	398	398	NUM
cjrl-14166	184	178	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	179	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	180	144	144	NUM
cjrl-14166	184	181	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	182	167–68	167–68	NUM
cjrl-14166	184	183	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	184	1970	1970	NUM
cjrl-14166	184	185	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	186	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	187	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	188	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	189	included	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	184	190	customs	custom	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	191	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	192	usages	usage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	193	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	184	194	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	195	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	184	196	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	184	197	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	198	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	199	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	200	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	184	201	persistent	persistent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	202	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	184	203	widespread	widespread	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	204	discriminatory	discriminatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	184	205	practices	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	206	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	184	207	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	208	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	184	209	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	210	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	211	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	184	212	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	185	1	although	although	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	185	2	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	185	3	authorized	authorize	VERB
cjrl-14166	185	4	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	185	5	written	write	VERB
cjrl-14166	185	6	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	185	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	185	8	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	185	9	practices	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	185	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	185	11	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	185	12	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	185	13	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	185	14	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	185	15	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	185	16	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	185	17	permanent	permanent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	185	18	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	185	19	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	185	20	settled	settle	VERB
cjrl-14166	185	21	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	185	22	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	185	23	constitute	constitute	VERB
cjrl-14166	185	24	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	185	25	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	185	26	custom	custom	NOUN
cjrl-14166	185	27	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	185	28	usage	usage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	185	29	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	185	30	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	185	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	185	32	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	185	33	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	185	34	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	185	35	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	185	36	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	185	37	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	185	38	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	186	1	48	48	NUM
cjrl-14166	186	2	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	186	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	186	4	canton	canton	PROPN
cjrl-14166	186	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	186	6	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	186	7	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	186	8	43	43	NUM
cjrl-14166	186	9	.	.	NUM
cjrl-14166	187	1	49	49	NUM
cjrl-14166	188	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	188	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	188	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	188	4	388	388	NUM
cjrl-14166	188	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	189	1	50	50	NUM
cjrl-14166	190	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	190	2	d.	d.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	190	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	190	4	389–91	389–91	NUM
cjrl-14166	190	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	191	1	51	51	NUM
cjrl-14166	191	2	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	191	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	191	4	county	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	191	5	com’rs	com’rs	NOUN
cjrl-14166	191	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	191	7	bryan	bryan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	191	8	county	county	PROPN
cjrl-14166	191	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	191	10	520	520	NUM
cjrl-14166	191	11	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	191	12	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	191	13	397	397	NUM
cjrl-14166	191	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	191	15	411	411	NUM
cjrl-14166	191	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	191	17	1997	1997	NUM
cjrl-14166	191	18	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	191	19	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	191	20	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	191	21	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	191	22	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	191	23	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	191	24	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
cjrl-14166	191	25	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	191	26	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	191	27	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	191	28	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	191	29	reflects	reflect	VERB
cjrl-14166	191	30	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	191	31	indifference	indifference	NOUN
cjrl-14166	191	32	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	191	33	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	191	34	risk	risk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	191	35	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	191	36	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	191	37	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	191	38	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	191	39	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	191	40	particular	particular	ADJ
cjrl-14166	191	41	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	191	42	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	191	43	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	191	44	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	191	45	will	will	AUX
cjrl-14166	191	46	follow	follow	VERB
cjrl-14166	191	47	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	191	48	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	191	49	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	191	50	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	191	51	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	191	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	192	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	192	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	192	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	192	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	192	7	1303	1303	NUM
cjrl-14166	192	8	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	192	9	standard	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	192	11	requiring	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	192	12	proof	proof	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	192	14	more	more	ADJ
cjrl-14166	192	15	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	192	16	just	just	ADV
cjrl-14166	192	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	192	18	generally	generally	ADV
cjrl-14166	192	19	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	192	20	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	21	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	192	22	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	192	23	potential	potential	ADJ
cjrl-14166	192	24	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	25	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	192	26	background.52	background.52	VERB
cjrl-14166	192	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	192	28	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	29	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	192	30	adequately	adequately	ADV
cjrl-14166	192	31	screen	screen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	32	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	192	33	show	show	VERB
cjrl-14166	192	34	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	192	35	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	192	36	indifference	indifference	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	37	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	192	38	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	192	39	qualify,53	qualify,53	PROPN
cjrl-14166	192	40	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	192	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	192	42	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	43	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	192	44	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	192	45	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	46	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	192	47	hiring	hiring	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	48	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	192	49	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	192	50	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	51	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	192	52	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	192	53	just	just	ADV
cjrl-14166	192	54	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	192	55	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	192	56	probability	probability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	57	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	192	58	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	192	59	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	60	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	192	61	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	62	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	192	63	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	192	64	engaged	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	192	65	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	192	66	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	192	67	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	68	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	192	69	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	192	70	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	192	71	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	192	72	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	192	73	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	74	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	192	75	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	192	76	highly	highly	ADV
cjrl-14166	192	77	likely	likely	ADJ
cjrl-14166	192	78	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	192	79	inflict	inflict	VERB
cjrl-14166	192	80	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	192	81	particular	particular	ADJ
cjrl-14166	192	82	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	83	suffered	suffer	VERB
cjrl-14166	192	84	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	192	85	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	192	86	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	192	87	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	193	1	”54	”54	VERB
cjrl-14166	193	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	193	3	issue	issue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	193	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	193	5	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	193	6	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	193	7	inevitably	inevitably	ADV
cjrl-14166	193	8	raises	raise	VERB
cjrl-14166	193	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	193	10	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	193	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	193	12	what	what	PRON
cjrl-14166	193	13	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	193	14	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	193	15	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	193	16	generally	generally	ADV
cjrl-14166	193	17	owes	owe	VERB
cjrl-14166	193	18	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	193	19	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	193	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	194	1	this	this	PRON
cjrl-14166	194	2	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	194	3	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	194	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	194	5	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	194	6	important	important	ADJ
cjrl-14166	194	7	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	194	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	194	9	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	194	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	194	11	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	194	12	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	195	1	monell	monell	AUX
cjrl-14166	195	2	examines	examine	VERB
cjrl-14166	195	3	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	195	4	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	195	5	achieve	achieve	VERB
cjrl-14166	195	6	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	195	7	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	195	8	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	195	9	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	195	10	comes	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	195	11	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	195	12	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	195	13	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	195	14	generally	generally	ADV
cjrl-14166	195	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	195	16	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	195	17	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	195	18	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	195	19	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	195	20	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	195	21	specifically	specifically	ADV
cjrl-14166	195	22	catered	cater	VERB
cjrl-14166	195	23	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	195	24	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	195	25	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	195	26	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	195	27	unrelated	unrelated	ADJ
cjrl-14166	195	28	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	195	29	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	195	30	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	195	31	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	195	32	after	after	ADV
cjrl-14166	195	33	all	all	ADV
cjrl-14166	195	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	195	35	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	195	36	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	195	37	fall	fall	VERB
cjrl-14166	195	38	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	195	39	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	195	40	jurisdiction	jurisdiction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	195	41	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	196	1	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	196	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	196	3	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	196	4	contrast	contrast	NOUN
cjrl-14166	196	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	196	6	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	196	7	governed	govern	VERB
cjrl-14166	196	8	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	196	9	entirely	entirely	ADV
cjrl-14166	196	10	different	different	ADJ
cjrl-14166	196	11	doctrines	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	196	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	196	13	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	196	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	196	15	liabilities	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	196	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	196	17	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	196	18	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	196	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	196	20	some	some	PRON
cjrl-14166	196	21	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	196	22	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	196	23	invoke	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	196	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	196	25	special	special	ADJ
cjrl-14166	196	26	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	196	27	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	196	28	needs	need	NOUN
cjrl-14166	196	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	196	30	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	196	31	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	196	32	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	196	33	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	196	34	population	population	NOUN
cjrl-14166	196	35	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	197	1	b.	b.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	197	2	states	states	PROPN
cjrl-14166	197	3	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	197	4	loco	loco	PROPN
cjrl-14166	197	5	parentis	parentis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	6	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	197	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	197	8	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	9	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	197	10	protections	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	11	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	197	12	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	197	14	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	197	16	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	17	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	18	sheds	shed	VERB
cjrl-14166	197	19	light	light	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	20	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	197	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	197	22	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	23	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	197	24	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	197	26	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	27	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	197	28	guardians	guardian	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	197	30	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	197	31	citizens.55	citizens.55	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	32	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	33	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	197	35	latin	latin	ADJ
cjrl-14166	197	36	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	197	37	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	197	38	parent	parent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	39	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	197	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	197	41	country	country	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	42	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	197	43	homeland	homeland	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	44	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	197	45	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	197	46	finds	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	197	47	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	197	48	roots	root	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	49	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	197	50	english	english	ADJ
cjrl-14166	197	51	common	common	ADJ
cjrl-14166	197	52	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	53	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	197	54	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	197	55	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	197	56	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	197	57	king	king	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	58	had	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	197	59	certain	certain	ADJ
cjrl-14166	197	60	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	61	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	197	62	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	197	63	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	197	64	father	father	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	65	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	197	66	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	197	67	country	country	NOUN
cjrl-14166	197	68	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	197	69	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	198	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	198	2	england	england	PROPN
cjrl-14166	198	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	198	4	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	198	5	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	198	6	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	198	7	used	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	198	8	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	198	9	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	198	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	198	11	minors	minor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	198	12	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	198	13	those	those	PRON
cjrl-14166	198	14	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	198	15	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	198	16	incapable	incapable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	198	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	198	18	52	52	NUM
cjrl-14166	198	19	i	i	PROPN
cjrl-14166	198	20	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	198	21	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	198	22	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	198	23	sheriff	sheriff	PROPN
cjrl-14166	198	24	moore	moore	PROPN
cjrl-14166	198	25	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	198	26	own	own	ADJ
cjrl-14166	198	27	testimony	testimony	NOUN
cjrl-14166	198	28	indicated	indicate	VERB
cjrl-14166	198	29	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	198	30	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	198	31	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	198	32	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	198	33	inquire	inquire	VERB
cjrl-14166	198	34	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	198	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	198	36	underlying	underlie	VERB
cjrl-14166	198	37	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	198	38	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	198	39	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	198	40	disposition	disposition	NOUN
cjrl-14166	198	41	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	198	42	any	any	PRON
cjrl-14166	198	43	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	198	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	198	45	misdemeanor	misdemeanor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	198	46	charges	charge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	198	47	reflected	reflect	VERB
cjrl-14166	198	48	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	198	49	burns	burn	NOUN
cjrl-14166	198	50	'	'	PART
cjrl-14166	198	51	record	record	NOUN
cjrl-14166	198	52	before	before	ADP
cjrl-14166	198	53	hiring	hire	VERB
cjrl-14166	198	54	him	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	198	55	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	199	1	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	199	2	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	199	3	showing	showing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	199	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	199	5	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	199	6	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	199	7	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	199	8	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	199	9	screening	screening	NOUN
cjrl-14166	199	10	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	199	11	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	199	12	enough	enough	ADJ
cjrl-14166	199	13	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	199	14	establish	establish	VERB
cjrl-14166	199	15	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	199	16	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	199	17	indifference	indifference	NOUN
cjrl-14166	199	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	199	19	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	199	20	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	199	21	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	199	22	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	200	1	53	53	NUM
cjrl-14166	200	2	i	i	PROPN
cjrl-14166	200	3	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	200	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	200	5	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	200	6	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	200	7	where	where	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	200	8	adequate	adequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	200	9	scrutiny	scrutiny	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	200	11	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	200	12	applicant	applicant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	13	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	200	14	background	background	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	15	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	200	16	lead	lead	VERB
cjrl-14166	200	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	200	18	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	200	19	policymaker	policymaker	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	20	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	200	21	conclude	conclude	VERB
cjrl-14166	200	22	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	200	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	200	24	plainly	plainly	ADV
cjrl-14166	200	25	obvious	obvious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	200	26	consequence	consequence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	27	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	200	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	200	29	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	30	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	200	31	hire	hire	VERB
cjrl-14166	200	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	200	33	applicant	applicant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	34	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	200	35	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	200	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	200	37	deprivation	deprivation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	38	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	200	39	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	200	40	third	third	ADJ
cjrl-14166	200	41	party	party	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	42	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	200	43	federally	federally	ADV
cjrl-14166	200	44	protected	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	200	45	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	46	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	200	47	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	200	48	official	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	49	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	200	50	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	51	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	200	52	adequately	adequately	ADV
cjrl-14166	200	53	scrutinize	scrutinize	VERB
cjrl-14166	200	54	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	200	55	applicant	applicant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	56	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	200	57	background	background	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	58	constitute	constitute	VERB
cjrl-14166	200	59	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	200	60	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	200	61	indifference	indifference	NOUN
cjrl-14166	200	62	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	200	63	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	200	64	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	200	65	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	200	66	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	201	1	54	54	NUM
cjrl-14166	202	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	202	2	d.	d.	VERB
cjrl-14166	202	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	202	4	412	412	NUM
cjrl-14166	202	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	203	1	55	55	NUM
cjrl-14166	203	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	203	3	infra	infra	NOUN
cjrl-14166	203	4	part	part	PROPN
cjrl-14166	203	5	ii	ii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	203	6	b.	b.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	203	7	1304	1304	NUM
cjrl-14166	203	8	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	203	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	204	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	204	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	204	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	204	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	205	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	205	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	205	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	205	5	caring	care	VERB
cjrl-14166	205	6	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	205	7	themselves	themselves	PRON
cjrl-14166	205	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	205	9	namely	namely	ADV
cjrl-14166	205	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	205	11	mentally	mentally	ADV
cjrl-14166	205	12	disabled).56	disabled).56	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	13	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	205	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	205	15	united	united	PROPN
cjrl-14166	205	16	states	states	PROPN
cjrl-14166	205	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	205	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	205	19	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	20	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	205	21	role	role	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	22	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	205	23	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	24	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	205	25	first	first	ADV
cjrl-14166	205	26	recognized	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	205	27	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	205	28	1900	1900	NUM
cjrl-14166	205	29	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	205	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	205	31	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	32	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	205	33	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	205	34	quasi	quasi	ADJ
cjrl-14166	205	35	-	-	ADJ
cjrl-14166	205	36	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	205	37	interest	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	38	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	205	39	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	205	40	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	41	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	205	42	defined	define	VERB
cjrl-14166	205	43	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	205	44	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	205	45	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	205	46	set	set	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	47	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	205	48	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	49	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	205	50	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	205	51	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	52	has	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	205	53	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	205	54	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	205	55	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	205	56	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	205	57	being	being	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	58	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	205	59	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	205	60	populace	populace	NOUN
cjrl-14166	205	61	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	206	1	”57	”57	PROPN
cjrl-14166	206	2	today	today	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	206	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	206	5	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	6	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	7	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	8	recognizes	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	206	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	206	10	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	11	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	206	12	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	206	13	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	206	15	places	place	VERB
cjrl-14166	206	16	certain	certain	ADJ
cjrl-14166	206	17	individuals	individual	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	18	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	206	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	206	20	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	21	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	206	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	206	23	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	206	25	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	206	26	allows	allow	VERB
cjrl-14166	206	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	206	28	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	29	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	206	30	bring	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	206	31	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	206	32	lawsuit	lawsuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	33	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	206	34	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	35	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	206	36	those	those	DET
cjrl-14166	206	37	citizens.58	citizens.58	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	38	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	206	39	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	40	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	206	41	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	206	42	applied	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	206	43	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	206	44	environmental	environmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	206	45	issues	issue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	46	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	206	47	interstate	interstate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	206	48	commerce	commerce	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	49	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	206	50	antitrust	antitrust	ADJ
cjrl-14166	206	51	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	206	52	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	206	53	more.59	more.59	VERB
cjrl-14166	206	54	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	206	55	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	56	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	206	57	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	206	58	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	206	59	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	206	60	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	206	61	used	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	206	62	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	206	63	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	64	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	65	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	66	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	206	67	recognizing	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	206	68	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	206	69	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	206	70	interest	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	71	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	206	72	arises	arise	VERB
cjrl-14166	206	73	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	206	74	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	206	75	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	76	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	206	77	preventing	prevent	VERB
cjrl-14166	206	78	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	206	79	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	206	80	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	206	81	policing	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	206	82	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	207	1	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	207	2	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	207	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	207	5	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	207	7	pennsylvania	pennsylvania	PROPN
cjrl-14166	207	8	brought	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	207	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	207	10	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	207	11	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	207	12	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	13	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	207	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	207	15	borough	borough	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	207	17	millvale	millvale	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	18	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	207	19	unconstitutional	unconstitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	207	20	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	21	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	207	22	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	207	23	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	207	25	resulting	result	VERB
cjrl-14166	207	26	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	207	27	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	207	28	finding	finding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	207	30	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	207	31	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	207	32	longstanding	longstanding	ADJ
cjrl-14166	207	33	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	207	34	continuing	continue	VERB
cjrl-14166	207	35	pattern	pattern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	207	37	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	38	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	39	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	207	40	violated	violate	VERB
cjrl-14166	207	41	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	207	42	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	43	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	207	44	threatened	threaten	VERB
cjrl-14166	207	45	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	207	46	security	security	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	47	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	207	48	undermined	undermine	VERB
cjrl-14166	207	49	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	207	50	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	51	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	207	52	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	53	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	54	functions	function	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	55	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	207	56	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	207	57	thus	thus	ADV
cjrl-14166	207	58	directly	directly	ADV
cjrl-14166	207	59	affected	affect	VERB
cjrl-14166	207	60	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	207	61	health	health	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	62	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	207	63	welfare	welfare	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	64	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	207	65	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	207	66	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	207	67	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	208	1	”60	”60	PROPN
cjrl-14166	209	1	56	56	NUM
cjrl-14166	209	2	jack	jack	PROPN
cjrl-14166	209	3	ratliff	ratliff	PROPN
cjrl-14166	209	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	209	5	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	209	6	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	209	7	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	209	8	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	209	9	overview	overview	NOUN
cjrl-14166	209	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	209	11	74	74	NUM
cjrl-14166	209	12	tulane	tulane	NOUN
cjrl-14166	209	13	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	210	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	210	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	210	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	210	4	1847	1847	NUM
cjrl-14166	210	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	210	6	2000	2000	NUM
cjrl-14166	210	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	210	8	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	210	9	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	210	10	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	210	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	210	12	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	210	13	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	210	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	210	15	cornell	cornell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	210	16	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	210	17	information	information	NOUN
cjrl-14166	210	18	institute	institute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	210	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	210	20	https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/parens_patriae	https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/parens_patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	210	21	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	210	22	https://perma.cc/h9g6-uqtt	https://perma.cc/h9g6-uqtt	X
cjrl-14166	210	23	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	210	24	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	210	25	last	last	ADJ
cjrl-14166	210	26	visited	visit	VERB
cjrl-14166	210	27	apr	apr	NOUN
cjrl-14166	210	28	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	210	29	14	14	NUM
cjrl-14166	210	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	210	31	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	210	32	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	210	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	1	57	57	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	2	alfred	alfred	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	3	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	4	snapp	snapp	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	5	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	211	6	son	son	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	8	inc	inc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	9	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	10	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	11	puerto	puerto	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	12	rico	rico	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	14	458	458	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	15	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	16	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	17	592	592	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	19	602	602	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	20	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	21	1982	1982	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	22	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	23	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	24	noting	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	25	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	211	26	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	211	27	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	28	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	211	29	quasi	quasi	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	30	-	-	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	31	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	32	interest	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	33	includes	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	34	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	35	interest	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	36	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	211	38	health	health	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	39	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	211	40	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	211	41	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	42	being	being	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	43	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	44	both	both	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	211	45	physical	physical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	46	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	211	47	economic	economic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	48	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	49	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	50	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	211	51	residents	resident	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	52	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	53	general	general	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	54	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	55	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	211	56	adding	add	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	57	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	211	58	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	59	more	more	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	60	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	211	61	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	211	62	alleged	allege	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	63	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	64	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	65	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	66	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	211	67	identifiable	identifiable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	68	group	group	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	69	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	70	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	71	residents	resident	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	72	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	73	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	74	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	75	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	76	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	77	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	78	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	79	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	211	80	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV
cjrl-14166	211	81	substantial	substantial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	82	segment	segment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	83	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	84	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	211	85	population	population	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	86	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	87	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	88	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	89	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	90	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	211	91	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	92	louisiana	louisiana	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	93	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	94	texas	texas	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	95	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	96	176	176	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	97	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	98	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	99	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	100	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	101	19	19	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	102	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	103	1900	1900	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	104	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	105	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	106	recognizing	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	107	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	211	108	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	109	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	211	110	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	111	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	211	112	interest	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	113	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	114	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	115	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	116	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	117	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	118	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	211	119	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	120	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	211	121	matters	matter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	122	complained	complain	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	123	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	124	affect	affect	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	125	her	her	PRON
cjrl-14166	211	126	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	127	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	128	large	large	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	129	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	130	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	131	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	132	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	133	pennsylvania	pennsylvania	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	134	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	135	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	136	jersey	jersey	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	137	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	138	426	426	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	139	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	140	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	211	141	660	660	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	142	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	143	666	666	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	144	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	145	1976	1976	NUM
cjrl-14166	211	146	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	147	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	148	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	149	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	211	150	a	a	X
cjrl-14166	211	151	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	211	152	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	153	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	211	154	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	155	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	211	156	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	157	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	211	158	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	211	159	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	211	160	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	161	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	211	162	quasi	quasi	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	163	-	-	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	164	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	165	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	166	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	211	167	implicated	implicate	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	168	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	211	169	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	211	170	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	211	171	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	211	172	merely	merely	ADV
cjrl-14166	211	173	litigating	litigate	VERB
cjrl-14166	211	174	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	175	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	211	176	volunteer	volunteer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	177	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	211	178	personal	personal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	211	179	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	180	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	211	181	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	211	182	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	211	183	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	184	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	185	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	211	186	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	212	1	58	58	NUM
cjrl-14166	212	2	black	black	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	3	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	212	4	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	5	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	6	1221	1221	NUM
cjrl-14166	212	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	212	8	9th	9th	ADJ
cjrl-14166	212	9	ed	ed	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	10	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	212	11	2009	2009	NUM
cjrl-14166	212	12	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	212	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	212	14	describing	describe	VERB
cjrl-14166	212	15	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	16	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	17	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	212	18	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	212	19	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	212	20	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	21	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	212	22	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	212	23	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	212	24	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	25	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	212	26	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	212	27	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	212	28	prosecute	prosecute	VERB
cjrl-14166	212	29	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	212	30	lawsuit	lawsuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	31	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	212	32	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	33	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	212	34	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	212	35	citizen	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	36	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	212	37	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	212	38	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	212	39	black	black	PROPN
cjrl-14166	212	40	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	212	41	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	42	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	43	1003	1003	NUM
cjrl-14166	212	44	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	212	45	5	5	NUM
cjrl-14166	212	46	th	th	NUM
cjrl-14166	212	47	ed	ed	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	48	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	212	49	1979	1979	NUM
cjrl-14166	212	50	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	212	51	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	212	52	noting	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	212	53	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	212	54	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	55	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	56	recognizes	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	212	57	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	212	58	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	59	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	212	60	having	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	212	61	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	212	62	role	role	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	63	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	212	64	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	212	65	sovereign	sovereign	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	66	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	212	67	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	212	68	guardian	guardian	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	69	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	212	70	those	those	PRON
cjrl-14166	212	71	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	212	72	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	212	73	disability	disability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	212	74	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	212	75	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	1	59	59	NUM
cjrl-14166	213	2	bachynsky	bachynsky	ADV
cjrl-14166	213	3	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	213	4	texas	texas	PROPN
cjrl-14166	213	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	6	747	747	NUM
cjrl-14166	213	7	s.w.2d	s.w.2d	NUM
cjrl-14166	213	8	868	868	NUM
cjrl-14166	213	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	10	869	869	NUM
cjrl-14166	213	11	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	12	tex	tex	PROPN
cjrl-14166	213	13	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	213	14	1988	1988	NUM
cjrl-14166	213	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	17	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	18	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	213	19	v]arious	v]arious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	213	20	causes	cause	NOUN
cjrl-14166	213	21	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	213	22	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	213	23	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	213	24	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	213	25	asserted	assert	VERB
cjrl-14166	213	26	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	213	27	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	213	28	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	29	environmental	environmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	213	30	pollution	pollution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	213	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	32	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	213	33	nuisance	nuisance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	213	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	35	trade	trade	NOUN
cjrl-14166	213	36	barriers	barrier	NOUN
cjrl-14166	213	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	38	antitrust	antitrust	ADJ
cjrl-14166	213	39	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	213	40	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	41	employment	employment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	213	42	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
cjrl-14166	213	43	…	…	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	44	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	45	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	213	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	214	1	60	60	NUM
cjrl-14166	214	2	amelia	amelia	PROPN
cjrl-14166	214	3	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	214	4	waller	waller	PROPN
cjrl-14166	214	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	214	6	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	7	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	214	8	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	214	9	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	10	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	214	11	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	12	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	13	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	214	14	expanding	expand	VERB
cjrl-14166	214	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	214	16	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	214	18	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	19	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	214	21	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	214	23	16	16	NUM
cjrl-14166	214	24	ga	ga	PROPN
cjrl-14166	214	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	214	26	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	214	27	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	214	28	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	214	29	865	865	NUM
cjrl-14166	214	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	214	31	883	883	NUM
cjrl-14166	214	32	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	214	33	1982	1982	NUM
cjrl-14166	214	34	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	214	35	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	214	36	discussing	discuss	VERB
cjrl-14166	214	37	pennsylvania	pennsylvania	PROPN
cjrl-14166	214	38	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	214	39	porter	porter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	40	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	214	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	214	42	use	use	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	43	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	214	44	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	45	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	214	46	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	47	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	214	48	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	214	49	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	50	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	214	51	join	join	VERB
cjrl-14166	214	52	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	214	53	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	214	54	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	215	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	215	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	215	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	215	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	215	7	1305	1305	NUM
cjrl-14166	215	8	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	215	9	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	215	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	215	11	invocation	invocation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	215	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	215	14	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	15	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	215	16	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	215	18	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	215	19	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	215	21	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	215	22	justifies	justify	VERB
cjrl-14166	215	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	215	24	creation	creation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	215	26	agencies	agency	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	27	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	215	28	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	215	29	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	30	protective	protective	ADJ
cjrl-14166	215	31	services	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	32	designed	design	VERB
cjrl-14166	215	33	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	215	34	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	215	35	intention	intention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	215	37	serving	serve	VERB
cjrl-14166	215	38	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	215	39	populations	population	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	40	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	215	41	assigning	assign	VERB
cjrl-14166	215	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	215	43	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	44	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	215	45	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	215	46	de	de	X
cjrl-14166	215	47	facto	facto	X
cjrl-14166	215	48	parent	parent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	49	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	215	50	certain	certain	ADJ
cjrl-14166	215	51	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	52	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	215	53	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	54	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	215	55	enable	enable	VERB
cjrl-14166	215	56	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	215	57	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	215	58	step	step	VERB
cjrl-14166	215	59	in	in	ADV
cjrl-14166	215	60	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	215	61	override	override	VERB
cjrl-14166	215	62	parental	parental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	215	63	rights.61	rights.61	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	64	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	215	65	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	215	66	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	215	67	quasi	quasi	ADJ
cjrl-14166	215	68	-	-	ADJ
cjrl-14166	215	69	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	215	70	interest	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	71	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	72	remains	remain	VERB
cjrl-14166	215	73	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	215	74	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	215	75	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	215	76	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	215	77	comes	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	215	78	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	215	79	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	215	80	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	81	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	215	82	neglect	neglect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	83	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	215	84	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	215	85	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	216	1	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	2	example	example	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	216	4	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	216	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	216	6	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	7	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	216	8	assigned	assign	VERB
cjrl-14166	216	9	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	10	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	216	11	protector	protector	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	13	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	14	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	15	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	16	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	216	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	216	19	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	20	has	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	216	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	216	22	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	23	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	216	24	take	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	216	25	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	26	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	27	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	29	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	216	30	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	31	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	216	32	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	216	33	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	34	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	35	intervening	intervene	VERB
cjrl-14166	216	36	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	216	37	separating	separate	VERB
cjrl-14166	216	38	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	216	39	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	40	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	41	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	216	42	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	216	43	her	her	PRON
cjrl-14166	216	44	family	family	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	45	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	46	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	216	47	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	48	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	49	alleged	allege	VERB
cjrl-14166	216	50	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	51	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	216	52	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	216	53	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	54	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	216	55	existence	existence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	56	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	57	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	216	58	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	59	outside	outside	ADV
cjrl-14166	216	60	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	61	protecting	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	216	62	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	216	63	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	64	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	65	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	66	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	216	67	separate	separate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	216	68	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	69	like	like	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	70	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	216	71	maintenance	maintenance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	72	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	73	family	family	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	74	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	75	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	216	76	efficient	efficient	ADJ
cjrl-14166	216	77	use	use	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	78	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	79	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	216	80	resources).62	resources).62	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	81	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	216	82	presence	presence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	83	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	84	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	216	85	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	86	justify	justify	VERB
cjrl-14166	216	87	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	216	88	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	89	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	216	90	involvement	involvement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	91	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	216	92	intervention	intervention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	93	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	94	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	95	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	216	96	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	216	97	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	217	1	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	217	2	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	217	3	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	4	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	217	5	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
cjrl-14166	217	6	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	217	7	antithetical	antithetical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	217	8	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	217	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	217	10	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	217	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	217	13	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	217	15	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	16	make	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	217	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	217	18	choice	choice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	19	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	217	20	intervene	intervene	VERB
cjrl-14166	217	21	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	217	22	balancing	balance	VERB
cjrl-14166	217	23	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	217	24	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	25	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	217	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	217	27	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	217	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	217	30	child.63	child.63	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	31	further	far	ADV
cjrl-14166	217	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	217	33	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	34	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	35	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	217	36	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	217	37	limited	limit	VERB
cjrl-14166	217	38	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	217	39	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	217	40	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	41	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	217	42	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	43	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	217	44	taking	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	217	45	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	46	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	217	47	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	48	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	217	49	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	50	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	217	51	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	217	52	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	53	purports	purport	VERB
cjrl-14166	217	54	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	217	55	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	217	56	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	217	57	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	217	58	merely	merely	ADV
cjrl-14166	217	59	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	60	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	217	61	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	217	62	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	217	63	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	217	64	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	217	65	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	217	66	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	218	1	”64	”64	PROPN
cjrl-14166	218	2	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	218	3	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	218	4	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	218	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	218	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	218	7	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	218	8	has	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	218	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	218	10	general	general	ADJ
cjrl-14166	218	11	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	218	12	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	218	13	ensure	ensure	VERB
cjrl-14166	218	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	218	15	welfare	welfare	NOUN
cjrl-14166	218	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	218	17	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	218	18	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	218	19	61	61	NUM
cjrl-14166	218	20	schall	schall	PROPN
cjrl-14166	218	21	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	218	22	martin	martin	PROPN
cjrl-14166	218	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	218	24	467	467	NUM
cjrl-14166	218	25	u.s	u.s	AUX
cjrl-14166	218	26	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	218	27	253	253	NUM
cjrl-14166	218	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	218	29	265	265	NUM
cjrl-14166	218	30	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	218	31	1984	1984	NUM
cjrl-14166	218	32	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	218	33	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	218	34	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	218	35	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	218	36	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	218	37	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	218	38	definition	definition	NOUN
cjrl-14166	218	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	218	40	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	218	41	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	218	42	assumed	assume	VERB
cjrl-14166	218	43	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	218	44	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	218	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	218	46	capacity	capacity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	218	47	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	218	48	take	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	218	49	care	care	NOUN
cjrl-14166	218	50	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	218	51	themselves	themselves	PRON
cjrl-14166	218	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	1	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	219	2	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	219	3	assumed	assume	VERB
cjrl-14166	219	4	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	219	5	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	219	6	subject	subject	ADJ
cjrl-14166	219	7	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	219	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	219	9	control	control	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	219	11	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	219	12	parents	parent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	14	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	219	15	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	219	16	parental	parental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	219	17	control	control	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	18	falters	falter	VERB
cjrl-14166	219	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	219	21	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	22	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	219	23	play	play	VERB
cjrl-14166	219	24	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	219	25	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	26	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	219	27	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	28	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	30	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	31	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	32	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	33	sable	sable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	219	34	communications	communication	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	35	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	219	36	california	california	PROPN
cjrl-14166	219	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	38	inc	inc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	219	39	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	219	40	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	219	41	fcc	fcc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	219	42	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	43	492	492	NUM
cjrl-14166	219	44	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	219	45	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	219	46	115	115	NUM
cjrl-14166	219	47	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	48	126	126	NUM
cjrl-14166	219	49	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	50	1989	1989	NUM
cjrl-14166	219	51	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	52	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	53	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	54	we	we	PRON
cjrl-14166	219	55	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	219	56	recognized	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	219	57	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	219	58	there	there	PRON
cjrl-14166	219	59	is	be	VERB
cjrl-14166	219	60	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	219	61	compelling	compelling	ADJ
cjrl-14166	219	62	interest	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	63	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	219	64	protecting	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	219	65	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	219	66	physical	physical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	219	67	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	219	68	psychological	psychological	ADJ
cjrl-14166	219	69	wellbeing	wellbeing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	70	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	219	71	minors	minor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	72	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	73	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	74	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	75	late	late	ADJ
cjrl-14166	219	76	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	77	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	219	78	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	219	79	church	church	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	80	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	219	81	jesus	jesus	PROPN
cjrl-14166	219	82	christ	christ	PROPN
cjrl-14166	219	83	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	219	84	latter	latter	ADJ
cjrl-14166	219	85	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	219	86	day	day	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	87	saints	saint	NOUN
cjrl-14166	219	88	et	et	PROPN
cjrl-14166	219	89	al	al	PROPN
cjrl-14166	219	90	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	220	1	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	220	2	united	united	PROPN
cjrl-14166	220	3	states	states	PROPN
cjrl-14166	220	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	220	5	136	136	NUM
cjrl-14166	220	6	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	220	7	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	220	8	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	220	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	220	10	57	57	NUM
cjrl-14166	220	11	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	220	12	1890	1890	NUM
cjrl-14166	220	13	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	220	14	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	220	15	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	220	16	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	220	17	prerogative	prerogative	NOUN
cjrl-14166	220	18	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	220	19	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	220	20	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	220	21	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	220	22	inherent	inherent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	220	23	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	220	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	220	25	supreme	supreme	ADJ
cjrl-14166	220	26	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	220	27	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	220	28	every	every	DET
cjrl-14166	220	29	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	220	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	220	31	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	220	32	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	220	33	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	220	34	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	220	35	lodged	lodge	VERB
cjrl-14166	220	36	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	220	37	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	220	38	royal	royal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	220	39	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	220	40	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	220	41	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	220	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	220	43	legislature	legislature	NOUN
cjrl-14166	220	44	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	220	45	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	220	46	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	220	47	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	220	48	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	220	49	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	220	50	beneficent	beneficent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	220	51	function	function	NOUN
cjrl-14166	220	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	220	53	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	220	54	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	1	often	often	ADV
cjrl-14166	221	2	necessary	necessary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	221	3	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	221	4	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	221	5	exercised	exercise	VERB
cjrl-14166	221	6	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	221	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	221	8	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	221	10	humanity	humanity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	12	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	221	13	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	221	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	221	15	prevention	prevention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	221	17	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	18	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	221	19	those	those	PRON
cjrl-14166	221	20	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	221	21	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	221	22	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	221	23	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	221	24	themselves	themselves	PRON
cjrl-14166	221	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	26	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	27	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	28	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	29	judith	judith	PROPN
cjrl-14166	221	30	areen	areen	PROPN
cjrl-14166	221	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	32	intervention	intervention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	33	between	between	ADP
cjrl-14166	221	34	parent	parent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	35	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	221	36	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	37	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	38	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	221	39	reappraisal	reappraisal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	40	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	221	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	221	42	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	43	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	221	44	role	role	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	45	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	221	46	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	47	neglect	neglect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	48	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	221	49	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	50	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	51	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	52	68	68	NUM
cjrl-14166	221	53	geo	geo	PROPN
cjrl-14166	221	54	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	221	55	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	221	56	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	221	57	893	893	NUM
cjrl-14166	221	58	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	59	1975	1975	NUM
cjrl-14166	221	60	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	61	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	62	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	63	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	221	64	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	65	acts	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	221	66	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	221	67	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	221	68	primary	primary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	221	69	protector	protector	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	70	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	221	71	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	72	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	221	73	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	74	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	221	75	neglect	neglect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	221	76	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	77	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	78	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	221	79	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	222	1	62	62	NUM
cjrl-14166	222	2	areen	areen	ADJ
cjrl-14166	222	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	222	4	supra	supra	ADJ
cjrl-14166	222	5	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	222	6	60	60	NUM
cjrl-14166	222	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	222	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	222	9	893–94	893–94	NOUN
cjrl-14166	222	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	222	11	1975	1975	NUM
cjrl-14166	222	12	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	222	13	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	223	1	63	63	NUM
cjrl-14166	223	2	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	223	3	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	223	4	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	223	5	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	223	6	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	223	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	223	8	schall	schall	PROPN
cjrl-14166	223	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	223	10	supra	supra	ADJ
cjrl-14166	223	11	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	223	12	60	60	NUM
cjrl-14166	223	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	223	14	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	223	15	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	223	16	t]he	t]he	ADV
cjrl-14166	223	17	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	223	18	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	223	19	liberty	liberty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	223	20	interest	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	223	21	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	223	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	223	23	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	223	24	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	223	25	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	223	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	223	27	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	223	28	subordinated	subordinate	VERB
cjrl-14166	223	29	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	223	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	223	31	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	223	32	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	223	33	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	223	34	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	223	35	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	223	36	interest	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	223	37	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	223	38	preserving	preserve	VERB
cjrl-14166	223	39	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	223	40	promoting	promote	VERB
cjrl-14166	223	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	223	42	welfare	welfare	NOUN
cjrl-14166	223	43	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	223	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	223	45	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	223	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	223	47	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	223	48	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	224	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	224	2	quoting	quote	VERB
cjrl-14166	224	3	santosky	santosky	PROPN
cjrl-14166	224	4	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	224	5	kramer	kramer	PROPN
cjrl-14166	224	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	224	7	455	455	NUM
cjrl-14166	224	8	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	224	9	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	224	10	745	745	NUM
cjrl-14166	224	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	224	12	766	766	NUM
cjrl-14166	224	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	224	14	1982	1982	NUM
cjrl-14166	224	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	224	16	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	224	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	225	1	64	64	NUM
cjrl-14166	225	2	daniel	daniel	PROPN
cjrl-14166	225	3	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	225	4	hatcher	hatcher	PROPN
cjrl-14166	225	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	225	6	purpose	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	225	7	vs.	vs.	ADP
cjrl-14166	225	8	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	225	9	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	225	10	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	225	11	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	225	12	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	225	13	agency	agency	NOUN
cjrl-14166	225	14	self	self	NOUN
cjrl-14166	225	15	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	225	16	interest	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	225	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	225	18	42	42	NUM
cjrl-14166	225	19	n.	n.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	225	20	m.	m.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	225	21	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	225	22	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	225	23	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	225	24	159	159	NUM
cjrl-14166	225	25	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	225	26	2012	2012	NUM
cjrl-14166	225	27	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	225	28	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	226	1	1306	1306	NUM
cjrl-14166	226	2	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	226	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	227	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	227	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	227	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	227	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	228	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	228	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	228	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	228	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	229	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	229	2	obligation	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	229	3	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	229	4	intervene	intervene	VERB
cjrl-14166	229	5	where	where	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	229	6	necessary	necessary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	229	7	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	229	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	229	9	prevention	prevention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	229	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	229	11	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	229	12	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	229	13	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	229	14	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	229	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	230	1	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	230	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	230	3	principle	principle	NOUN
cjrl-14166	230	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	230	5	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	230	6	best	good	ADJ
cjrl-14166	230	7	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	230	8	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	230	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	230	10	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	230	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	230	12	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	230	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	230	14	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	230	15	has	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	230	16	both	both	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	230	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	230	18	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	230	19	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	230	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	230	21	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	230	22	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	230	23	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	230	24	act	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	230	25	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	230	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	230	27	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	230	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	230	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	230	30	individual	individual	NOUN
cjrl-14166	230	31	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	230	32	then	then	ADV
cjrl-14166	230	33	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	230	34	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	230	35	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	230	36	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	230	37	her	her	PRON
cjrl-14166	230	38	best	good	ADJ
cjrl-14166	230	39	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	230	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	231	1	”65	”65	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	2	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
cjrl-14166	231	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	231	4	quintessential	quintessential	ADJ
cjrl-14166	231	5	example	example	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	231	7	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	8	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	9	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	231	10	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	231	11	comes	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	231	12	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	231	13	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	14	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	231	15	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	231	16	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	17	laws.66	laws.66	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	18	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	231	19	example	example	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	231	21	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	231	22	jersey	jersey	PROPN
cjrl-14166	231	23	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	231	24	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	231	25	report	report	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	231	27	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	28	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	231	29	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	30	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	231	31	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	231	32	obligation	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	33	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	231	34	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	231	35	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	36	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	231	37	having	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	231	38	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	231	39	cause	cause	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	40	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	231	41	believe	believe	VERB
cjrl-14166	231	42	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	231	43	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	231	44	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	45	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	231	46	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	231	47	subjected	subject	VERB
cjrl-14166	231	48	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	231	49	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	50	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	231	51	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	231	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	231	53	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	231	54	shall	shall	AUX
cjrl-14166	231	55	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	231	56	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	231	57	same	same	ADJ
cjrl-14166	231	58	immediately	immediately	ADV
cjrl-14166	231	59	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	232	1	”67	”67	PROPN
cjrl-14166	232	2	similarly	similarly	ADV
cjrl-14166	232	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	232	4	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	5	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	6	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	232	7	evident	evident	ADJ
cjrl-14166	232	8	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	232	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	232	10	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	11	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	232	12	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	232	13	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	14	laws	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	15	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	232	16	several	several	ADJ
cjrl-14166	232	17	states.68	states.68	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	18	notably	notably	ADV
cjrl-14166	232	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	232	20	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	232	21	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	232	22	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	23	laws	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	24	identify	identify	VERB
cjrl-14166	232	25	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	232	26	variety	variety	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	27	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	232	28	individuals	individual	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	29	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	232	30	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	232	31	considered	consider	VERB
cjrl-14166	232	32	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	232	33	reporters	reporter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	232	35	including	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	232	36	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	37	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	38	officials.69	officials.69	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	39	thus	thus	ADV
cjrl-14166	232	40	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	232	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	232	42	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	43	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	232	44	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	45	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	232	46	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	232	47	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	232	48	apply	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	232	49	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	232	50	intervention	intervention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	51	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	232	52	parental	parental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	232	53	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	232	54	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	233	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	233	2	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	233	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	233	4	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	233	5	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	233	6	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	233	7	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	233	8	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	233	9	act	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	233	10	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	233	11	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	233	12	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	233	13	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	233	14	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	233	15	variety	variety	NOUN
cjrl-14166	233	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	233	17	harms	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	233	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	233	19	including	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	233	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	233	21	type	type	NOUN
cjrl-14166	233	22	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	233	23	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	233	24	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	233	25	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	233	26	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	233	27	inflicted	inflict	VERB
cjrl-14166	233	28	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	233	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	233	30	police.70	police.70	PROPN
cjrl-14166	233	31	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	233	32	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	233	33	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	233	34	applied	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	233	35	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	233	36	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	233	37	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	233	38	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	233	39	particularly	particularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	233	40	65	65	NUM
cjrl-14166	233	41	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	233	42	re	re	X
cjrl-14166	233	43	female	female	ADJ
cjrl-14166	233	44	s.	s.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	233	45	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	233	46	111	111	NUM
cjrl-14166	233	47	misc	misc	NOUN
cjrl-14166	233	48	2d	2d	NUM
cjrl-14166	233	49	313	313	NUM
cjrl-14166	233	50	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	233	51	315	315	NUM
cjrl-14166	233	52	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	233	53	fam	fam	NOUN
cjrl-14166	233	54	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	234	1	ct	ct	PROPN
cjrl-14166	234	2	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	234	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	234	4	ny	ny	PROPN
cjrl-14166	234	5	cnty	cnty	PROPN
cjrl-14166	234	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	235	1	1981	1981	NUM
cjrl-14166	235	2	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	235	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	235	4	quoting	quote	VERB
cjrl-14166	235	5	gonzaga	gonzaga	PROPN
cjrl-14166	235	6	law	law	PROPN
cjrl-14166	235	7	review	review	PROPN
cjrl-14166	235	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	235	9	brian	brian	PROPN
cjrl-14166	235	10	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	235	11	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	235	12	lesly	lesly	ADV
cjrl-14166	235	13	a.	a.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	235	14	bowers	bower	NOUN
cjrl-14166	235	15	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	235	16	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	235	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	236	1	13	13	NUM
cjrl-14166	237	1	p.	p.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	237	2	625	625	NUM
cjrl-14166	237	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	237	4	638	638	NUM
cjrl-14166	237	5	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	237	6	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	237	7	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	237	8	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	237	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	237	10	application	application	NOUN
cjrl-14166	237	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	237	12	norman	norman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	237	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	237	14	26	26	NUM
cjrl-14166	237	15	misc.2d	misc.2d	NOUN
cjrl-14166	237	16	700	700	NUM
cjrl-14166	237	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	237	18	703	703	NUM
cjrl-14166	237	19	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	237	20	sup	sup	NOUN
cjrl-14166	237	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	238	1	ct	ct	PROPN
cjrl-14166	238	2	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	238	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	238	4	nassau	nassau	PROPN
cjrl-14166	238	5	cnty	cnty	PROPN
cjrl-14166	238	6	1960	1960	NUM
cjrl-14166	238	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	238	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	238	9	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	238	10	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	238	11	t]he	t]he	ADJ
cjrl-14166	238	12	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	238	13	acts	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	238	14	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	238	15	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	238	16	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	238	17	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	238	18	do	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	238	19	what	what	PRON
cjrl-14166	238	20	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	238	21	best	good	ADJ
cjrl-14166	238	22	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	238	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	238	24	interest	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	238	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	238	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	238	27	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	238	28	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	238	29	puts	put	VERB
cjrl-14166	238	30	itself	itself	PRON
cjrl-14166	238	31	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	238	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	238	33	position	position	NOUN
cjrl-14166	238	34	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	238	35	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	238	36	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	238	37	wise	wise	ADJ
cjrl-14166	238	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	238	39	affectionate	affectionate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	238	40	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	238	41	careful	careful	ADJ
cjrl-14166	238	42	parent	parent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	238	43	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	238	44	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	238	45	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	238	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	239	1	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	239	2	virtue	virtue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	239	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	239	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	239	5	prerogative	prerogative	NOUN
cjrl-14166	239	6	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	239	7	belongs	belong	VERB
cjrl-14166	239	8	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	239	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	239	10	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	239	11	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	239	12	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	239	13	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	239	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	239	15	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	239	16	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	239	17	66	66	NUM
cjrl-14166	239	18	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	239	19	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	239	20	bogan	bogan	NOUN
cjrl-14166	239	21	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	239	22	200	200	NUM
cjrl-14166	239	23	n.j	n.j	PROPN
cjrl-14166	239	24	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	239	25	61	61	NUM
cjrl-14166	239	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	239	27	75–76	75–76	NUM
cjrl-14166	239	28	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	239	29	2009	2009	NUM
cjrl-14166	239	30	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	239	31	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	239	32	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	239	33	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	239	34	community	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	239	35	caretaking	caretake	VERB
cjrl-14166	239	36	role	role	NOUN
cjrl-14166	239	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	239	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	239	39	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	239	40	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	239	41	extends	extend	VERB
cjrl-14166	239	42	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	239	43	protecting	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	239	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	239	45	welfare	welfare	NOUN
cjrl-14166	239	46	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	239	47	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	239	48	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	240	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
cjrl-14166	240	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	240	3	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	240	4	community	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	240	5	caretaking	caretake	VERB
cjrl-14166	240	6	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cjrl-14166	240	7	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	240	8	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	240	9	reflection	reflection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	240	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	240	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	240	12	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	240	13	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	240	14	general	general	ADJ
cjrl-14166	240	15	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	240	16	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	240	17	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	240	18	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	240	19	safeguard	safeguard	VERB
cjrl-14166	240	20	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	240	21	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	240	22	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	240	23	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	240	24	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	240	25	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	240	26	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	241	1	67	67	NUM
cjrl-14166	241	2	n.j	n.j	PROPN
cjrl-14166	241	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	241	4	st	st	PROPN
cjrl-14166	241	5	9:6–8:10	9:6–8:10	PROPN
cjrl-14166	241	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	1	68	68	NUM
cjrl-14166	242	2	see	see	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	4	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cjrl-14166	242	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	6	rcw	rcw	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	7	26.44.030(1)(a	26.44.030(1)(a	NUM
cjrl-14166	242	8	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	9	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	10	requiring	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	242	11	professionals	professional	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	12	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	242	13	various	various	ADJ
cjrl-14166	242	14	positions	position	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	16	including	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	242	17	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	18	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	20	school	school	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	21	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	242	22	medical	medical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	242	23	personnel	personnel	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	25	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	242	26	social	social	ADJ
cjrl-14166	242	27	service	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	28	counselors	counselor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	29	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	242	30	name	name	VERB
cjrl-14166	242	31	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	242	32	few	few	ADJ
cjrl-14166	242	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	34	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	242	35	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	242	36	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	242	38	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	39	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	242	40	neglect	neglect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	41	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	42	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	43	c.g.s.a	c.g.s.a	PROPN
cjrl-14166	242	44	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	242	45	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	242	46	17a–101(a	17a–101(a	NUM
cjrl-14166	242	47	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	48	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	49	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	50	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	242	51	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	242	52	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	53	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	242	54	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	242	55	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	56	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	242	57	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	58	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	242	59	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	242	60	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	242	61	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	62	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	242	63	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	243	1	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	243	2	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	243	3	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	243	4	purposes	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	243	5	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	243	6	require	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	243	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	243	8	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	243	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	243	10	suspected	suspect	VERB
cjrl-14166	243	11	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	243	12	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	243	13	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	243	14	neglect	neglect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	243	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	243	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	244	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	244	2	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	244	3	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	244	4	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	244	5	n.y	n.y	PROPN
cjrl-14166	244	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	244	7	soc	soc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	244	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	245	1	serv	serv	PROPN
cjrl-14166	245	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	246	1	law	law	PROPN
cjrl-14166	246	2	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	246	3	411	411	NUM
cjrl-14166	246	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	246	5	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	246	6	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	246	7	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	246	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	246	9	purpose	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	246	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	246	11	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	246	12	title	title	NOUN
cjrl-14166	246	13	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	246	14	encourage	encourage	VERB
cjrl-14166	246	15	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	246	16	complete	complete	ADJ
cjrl-14166	246	17	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	246	18	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	246	19	suspected	suspect	VERB
cjrl-14166	246	20	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	246	21	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	246	22	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	246	23	maltreatment	maltreatment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	246	24	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	246	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	246	26	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	246	27	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	246	28	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	246	29	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	246	30	n.y	n.y	PROPN
cjrl-14166	246	31	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	246	32	soc	soc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	246	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	247	1	serv	serv	PROPN
cjrl-14166	247	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	1	law	law	PROPN
cjrl-14166	248	2	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	248	3	491(1)(a	491(1)(a	NUM
cjrl-14166	248	4	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	6	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	7	mandated	mandate	VERB
cjrl-14166	248	8	reporters	reporter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	9	shall	shall	AUX
cjrl-14166	248	10	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	248	11	allegations	allegation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	248	13	reportable	reportable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	248	14	incidents	incident	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	15	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	248	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	248	17	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	248	18	persons	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	19	'	'	PART
cjrl-14166	248	20	central	central	ADJ
cjrl-14166	248	21	register	register	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	22	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	23	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	24	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	26	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	27	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	28	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	29	grant	grant	PROPN
cjrl-14166	248	30	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	248	31	cuomo	cuomo	PROPN
cjrl-14166	248	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	33	130	130	NUM
cjrl-14166	248	34	a.d.2d	a.d.2d	NUM
cjrl-14166	248	35	154	154	NUM
cjrl-14166	248	36	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	37	188	188	NUM
cjrl-14166	248	38	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	39	1987	1987	NUM
cjrl-14166	248	40	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	41	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	42	rosenberger	rosenberger	PROPN
cjrl-14166	248	43	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	44	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	248	45	dissenting	dissenting	PROPN
cjrl-14166	248	46	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	47	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	48	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	49	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	248	50	aim	aim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	51	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	248	52	social	social	ADJ
cjrl-14166	248	53	services	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	54	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	55	article	article	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	56	6	6	NUM
cjrl-14166	248	57	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	58	title	title	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	59	6	6	NUM
cjrl-14166	248	60	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	61	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	248	62	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	248	63	encourage	encourage	VERB
cjrl-14166	248	64	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	65	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	248	66	investigation	investigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	67	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	248	68	suspected	suspect	VERB
cjrl-14166	248	69	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	70	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	71	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	248	72	maltreatment	maltreatment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	73	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	248	74	establishing	establish	VERB
cjrl-14166	248	75	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	76	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	248	77	each	each	DET
cjrl-14166	248	78	county	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	79	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	80	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	81	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	248	82	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	83	protective	protective	ADJ
cjrl-14166	248	84	service	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	85	capable	capable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	248	86	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	248	87	investigating	investigate	VERB
cjrl-14166	248	88	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	248	89	reports	report	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	90	swiftly	swiftly	ADV
cjrl-14166	248	91	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	248	92	competently	competently	ADV
cjrl-14166	248	93	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	94	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	95	social	social	ADJ
cjrl-14166	248	96	services	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	97	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	248	98	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	248	99	411	411	NUM
cjrl-14166	248	100	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	101	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	102	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	103	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	248	104	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	249	1	69	69	NUM
cjrl-14166	249	2	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	249	3	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	249	4	67	67	NUM
cjrl-14166	249	5	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	249	6	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	249	7	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	249	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	249	9	n.y	n.y	PROPN
cjrl-14166	249	10	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	249	11	soc	soc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	249	12	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	250	1	serv	serv	PROPN
cjrl-14166	250	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	251	1	law	law	PROPN
cjrl-14166	251	2	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	251	3	413	413	NUM
cjrl-14166	251	4	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	5	70	70	NUM
cjrl-14166	251	6	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	251	7	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	251	9	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	251	10	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	11	involving	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	251	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	251	13	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	251	14	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	251	16	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	251	17	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	251	18	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	251	19	found	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	251	20	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	251	21	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	251	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	251	23	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	24	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	251	25	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	26	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	27	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	251	28	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	251	29	prosecuting	prosecute	VERB
cjrl-14166	251	30	attorney	attorney	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	31	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	251	32	judge	judge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	33	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	251	34	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	251	35	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	251	36	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	251	37	objective	objective	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	38	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	251	39	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	251	40	rehabilitate	rehabilitate	VERB
cjrl-14166	251	41	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	251	42	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	251	43	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	251	44	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	45	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	251	46	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	251	47	society	society	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	48	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	251	49	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	251	50	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	251	51	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	251	52	fix	fix	VERB
cjrl-14166	251	53	criminal	criminal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	251	54	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cjrl-14166	251	55	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	252	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	252	2	kent	kent	PROPN
cjrl-14166	252	3	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	252	4	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	252	5	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	252	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	252	7	383	383	NUM
cjrl-14166	252	8	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	252	9	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	252	10	541	541	NUM
cjrl-14166	252	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	252	12	554	554	NUM
cjrl-14166	252	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	252	14	1966	1966	NUM
cjrl-14166	252	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	252	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	253	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	253	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	253	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	253	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	253	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	253	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	253	7	1307	1307	NUM
cjrl-14166	253	8	necessary	necessary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	253	9	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	253	10	salient	salient	ADJ
cjrl-14166	253	11	use	use	NOUN
cjrl-14166	253	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	253	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	253	14	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	253	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	253	16	both	both	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	253	17	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	253	18	general	general	ADJ
cjrl-14166	253	19	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	253	20	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	253	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	253	22	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	253	23	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	253	24	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	253	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	253	26	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	253	27	adolescents	adolescent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	253	28	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	253	29	fundamentally	fundamentally	ADV
cjrl-14166	253	30	different	different	ADJ
cjrl-14166	253	31	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	253	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	253	33	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	253	34	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	253	35	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	253	36	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	253	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	253	38	adults	adult	NOUN
cjrl-14166	253	39	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	254	1	2	2	X
cjrl-14166	254	2	.	.	X
cjrl-14166	254	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	254	4	vulnerability	vulnerability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	254	6	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	7	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	254	8	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	254	9	parens	parens	ADJ
cjrl-14166	254	10	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	11	claims	claim	VERB
cjrl-14166	254	12	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	254	13	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	254	14	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	15	research	research	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	16	shows	show	VERB
cjrl-14166	254	17	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	254	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	254	19	human	human	ADJ
cjrl-14166	254	20	brain	brain	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	21	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	254	22	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	254	23	fully	fully	ADV
cjrl-14166	254	24	develop	develop	VERB
cjrl-14166	254	25	until	until	ADP
cjrl-14166	254	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	254	27	midto	midto	ADJ
cjrl-14166	254	28	late	late	ADJ
cjrl-14166	254	29	20s	20	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	254	31	so	so	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	254	32	adolescents	adolescent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	33	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	254	34	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	254	35	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	254	36	prone	prone	ADJ
cjrl-14166	254	37	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	254	38	impulsivity	impulsivity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	254	40	risk	risk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	41	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	254	42	taking	taking	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	43	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	254	44	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	254	45	outside	outside	ADJ
cjrl-14166	254	46	influences	influence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	47	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	254	48	traits	trait	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	49	linked	link	VERB
cjrl-14166	254	50	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	254	51	contacts	contact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	52	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	254	53	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	254	54	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	55	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	254	56	justice	justice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	57	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	58	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	254	59	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	254	60	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	254	61	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	254	62	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	254	63	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	254	64	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	254	65	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	254	66	harmful	harmful	ADJ
cjrl-14166	254	67	impacts	impact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	68	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	254	69	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	70	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	254	71	particularly	particularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	254	72	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	254	73	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	254	74	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	254	75	abusive.71	abusive.71	VERB
cjrl-14166	254	76	prior	prior	ADV
cjrl-14166	254	77	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	254	78	adulthood	adulthood	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	79	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	254	80	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	81	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	254	82	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	254	83	described	describe	VERB
cjrl-14166	254	84	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	254	85	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	254	86	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	254	87	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	254	88	malleable	malleable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	254	89	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	254	90	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	254	91	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	254	92	need	need	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	93	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	254	94	adult	adult	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	95	guidance	guidance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	254	96	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	255	1	”72	”72	PROPN
cjrl-14166	256	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	256	2	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	3	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	256	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	256	5	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	256	8	formation	formation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	256	11	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	256	12	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	13	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	15	recognizing	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	256	17	lowered	lower	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	18	moral	moral	ADJ
cjrl-14166	256	19	culpability	culpability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	21	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	22	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	256	23	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	256	24	need	need	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	25	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	26	rehabilitative	rehabilitative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	256	27	services	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	29	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	256	30	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	31	punishment	punishment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	33	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	34	line	line	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	35	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	256	37	goals	goal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	38	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	39	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	40	patriae.73	patriae.73	PROPN
cjrl-14166	256	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	256	42	justice	justice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	43	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	44	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	256	45	policing	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	46	heavily	heavily	ADV
cjrl-14166	256	47	impact	impact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	48	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	49	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	50	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	51	four	four	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	52	million	million	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	53	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	54	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	55	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	256	56	16	16	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	57	–	–	SYM
cjrl-14166	256	58	17	17	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	59	age	age	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	60	bracket	bracket	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	61	interact	interact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	62	face	face	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	63	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	64	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	65	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	66	face	face	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	67	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	68	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	69	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	70	each	each	DET
cjrl-14166	256	71	year.74	year.74	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	72	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
cjrl-14166	256	73	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	74	according	accord	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	75	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	76	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	256	77	2020	2020	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	78	nyc	nyc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	256	79	civilian	civilian	PROPN
cjrl-14166	256	80	complaint	complaint	PROPN
cjrl-14166	256	81	review	review	PROPN
cjrl-14166	256	82	board	board	PROPN
cjrl-14166	256	83	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	84	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	85	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	86	report	report	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	87	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	88	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	89	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	90	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	256	91	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	92	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	93	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	256	94	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	256	95	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	96	though	though	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	256	97	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	98	rarely	rarely	ADV
cjrl-14166	256	99	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	100	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	101	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	102	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	103	examining	examine	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	104	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	256	105	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	256	106	short	short	ADJ
cjrl-14166	256	107	period	period	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	108	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	109	time	time	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	110	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	111	complaints	complaint	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	112	received	receive	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	113	between	between	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	114	january	january	PROPN
cjrl-14166	256	115	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	116	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	117	2018	2018	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	118	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	119	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	256	120	june	june	PROPN
cjrl-14166	256	121	30	30	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	122	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	123	2019	2019	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	124	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	125	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	256	126	closed	close	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	127	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	128	december	december	PROPN
cjrl-14166	256	129	31	31	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	130	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	131	2019	2019	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	132	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	133	revealed	reveal	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	134	407	407	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	135	complaints	complaint	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	136	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	256	137	involved	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	138	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	256	139	least	least	ADV
cjrl-14166	256	140	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	141	youth.75	youth.75	PRON
cjrl-14166	256	142	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	256	143	harms	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	144	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	256	145	follow	follow	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	146	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	147	interactions	interaction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	148	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	256	149	involve	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	150	frisks	frisk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	151	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	152	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	153	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	154	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	256	155	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	156	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	157	include	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	158	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	159	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	256	160	posttraumatic	posttraumatic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	256	161	71	71	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	162	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	256	163	int’l	int’l	NUM
cjrl-14166	256	164	assoc	assoc	NOUN
cjrl-14166	256	165	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	257	1	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	257	2	chiefs	chief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	257	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	257	4	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	257	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	257	6	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	257	7	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	257	8	10	10	NUM
cjrl-14166	257	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	257	10	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	257	11	11	11	NUM
cjrl-14166	257	12	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	257	13	lisa	lisa	PROPN
cjrl-14166	257	14	h.	h.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	257	15	thurau	thurau	PROPN
cjrl-14166	257	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	257	17	rethinking	rethink	VERB
cjrl-14166	257	18	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	257	19	we	we	PRON
cjrl-14166	257	20	police	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	257	21	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	257	22	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	257	23	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
cjrl-14166	257	24	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	257	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	257	26	adolescence	adolescence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	257	27	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	257	28	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	257	29	teens	teen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	257	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	257	31	29	29	NUM
cjrl-14166	257	32	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	257	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	258	1	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	258	2	rts	rt	NOUN
cjrl-14166	258	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	259	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	259	2	3	3	PROPN
cjrl-14166	259	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	259	4	31	31	NUM
cjrl-14166	259	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	259	6	2009	2009	NUM
cjrl-14166	259	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	259	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	260	1	72	72	NUM
cjrl-14166	260	2	janet	janet	PROPN
cjrl-14166	260	3	e.	e.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	260	4	ainsworth	ainsworth	PROPN
cjrl-14166	260	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	260	6	re	re	VERB
cjrl-14166	260	7	-	-	VERB
cjrl-14166	260	8	imagining	imagine	VERB
cjrl-14166	260	9	childhood	childhood	NOUN
cjrl-14166	260	10	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	260	11	reconstructing	reconstruct	VERB
cjrl-14166	260	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	260	13	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	260	14	order	order	NOUN
cjrl-14166	260	15	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	260	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	260	17	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	260	18	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	260	19	abolishing	abolish	VERB
cjrl-14166	260	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	260	21	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	260	22	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	260	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	260	24	69	69	NUM
cjrl-14166	260	25	n.c	n.c	PROPN
cjrl-14166	260	26	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	260	27	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	260	28	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	260	29	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	260	30	1083	1083	NUM
cjrl-14166	260	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	260	32	1095	1095	NUM
cjrl-14166	260	33	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	260	34	1991	1991	NUM
cjrl-14166	260	35	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	260	36	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	261	1	73	73	NUM
cjrl-14166	262	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	262	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	262	3	74	74	NUM
cjrl-14166	263	1	lisa	lisa	PROPN
cjrl-14166	263	2	h.	h.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	263	3	thurau	thurau	PROPN
cjrl-14166	263	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	263	5	rethinking	rethink	VERB
cjrl-14166	263	6	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	263	7	we	we	PRON
cjrl-14166	263	8	police	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	263	9	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	263	10	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	263	11	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
cjrl-14166	263	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	263	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	263	14	adolescence	adolescence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	263	15	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	263	16	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	263	17	teens	teen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	263	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	263	19	29	29	NUM
cjrl-14166	263	20	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	263	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	264	1	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	264	2	rts	rt	NOUN
cjrl-14166	264	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	265	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	265	2	3	3	PROPN
cjrl-14166	265	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	265	4	31	31	NUM
cjrl-14166	265	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	265	6	2009	2009	NUM
cjrl-14166	265	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	265	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	266	1	75	75	NUM
cjrl-14166	266	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	266	3	nyc	nyc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	266	4	civilian	civilian	PROPN
cjrl-14166	266	5	complaint	complaint	PROPN
cjrl-14166	266	6	review	review	PROPN
cjrl-14166	266	7	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	266	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	266	9	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	266	10	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	266	11	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	266	12	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	266	13	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	266	14	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	266	15	16	16	NUM
cjrl-14166	266	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	266	17	june	june	PROPN
cjrl-14166	266	18	2020	2020	NUM
cjrl-14166	266	19	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	266	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	266	21	https://www.nyc.gov/assets/ccrb/downloads/pdf/policy_pdf/issue_based/ccrb_youthreport.pdf	https://www.nyc.gov/assets/ccrb/downloads/pdf/policy_pdf/issue_based/ccrb_youthreport.pdf	VERB
cjrl-14166	267	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	267	2	https://perma.cc/hs9m-usax	https://perma.cc/hs9m-usax	PROPN
cjrl-14166	267	3	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	267	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	268	1	1308	1308	NUM
cjrl-14166	268	2	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	268	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	269	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	269	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	269	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	269	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	270	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	270	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	270	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	270	5	stress	stress	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	6	disorder	disorder	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	270	8	physical	physical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	9	ailments	ailment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	270	11	as	as	ADV
cjrl-14166	270	12	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	270	13	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	14	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	15	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	270	16	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	17	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	270	18	vicarious	vicarious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	19	contact	contact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	20	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	270	21	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	22	those	those	PRON
cjrl-14166	270	23	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	270	24	witness	witness	VERB
cjrl-14166	270	25	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	270	26	hear	hear	VERB
cjrl-14166	270	27	about	about	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	270	29	interactions.76	interactions.76	PROPN
cjrl-14166	270	30	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	31	light	light	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	32	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	33	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	270	34	fundamentally	fundamentally	ADV
cjrl-14166	270	35	different	different	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	36	needs	need	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	38	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	39	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	270	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	270	41	foundational	foundational	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	42	role	role	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	43	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	270	44	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	45	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	46	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	47	plays	play	VERB
cjrl-14166	270	48	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	49	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	270	50	existence	existence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	51	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	52	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	270	53	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	54	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	55	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	56	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	270	57	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	270	58	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	59	both	both	PRON
cjrl-14166	270	60	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	270	61	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	270	62	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	270	63	govern	govern	VERB
cjrl-14166	270	64	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	270	65	contours	contours	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	66	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	67	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	270	68	juvenile	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	69	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	270	70	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	71	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	72	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	270	73	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	74	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	270	75	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	76	powers.77	powers.77	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	77	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	78	example	example	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	79	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	270	80	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	270	81	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	82	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	270	83	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	270	84	discussed	discuss	VERB
cjrl-14166	270	85	around	around	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	86	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	87	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	270	88	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	270	89	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	90	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	91	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	92	unreasonable	unreasonable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	93	searches	search	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	94	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	95	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	270	96	fourth	fourth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	97	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	98	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	270	99	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	100	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	101	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	270	102	jury	jury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	103	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	104	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	270	105	sixth	sixth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	106	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	270	107	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	108	amendments	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	109	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	270	110	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	270	111	due	due	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	112	process	process	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	113	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	270	114	equal	equal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	115	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	116	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	117	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	270	118	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	270	119	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	270	120	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	270	121	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	271	1	”78	”78	ADV
cjrl-14166	271	2	this	this	PRON
cjrl-14166	271	3	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	271	4	come	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	271	5	up	up	ADP
cjrl-14166	271	6	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	271	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	271	8	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	271	10	judges	judge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	11	giving	give	VERB
cjrl-14166	271	12	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	13	extra	extra	ADJ
cjrl-14166	271	14	time	time	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	15	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	271	16	understand	understand	VERB
cjrl-14166	271	17	what	what	DET
cjrl-14166	271	18	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	19	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	271	20	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	271	21	waiving	waive	VERB
cjrl-14166	271	22	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	271	23	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	271	25	expending	expend	VERB
cjrl-14166	271	26	greater	great	ADJ
cjrl-14166	271	27	effort	effort	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	28	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	271	29	determining	determine	VERB
cjrl-14166	271	30	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	271	31	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	32	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	271	33	competency	competency	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	34	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	271	35	stand	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	271	36	trial	trial	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	271	38	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	271	39	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	271	40	being	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	271	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	271	42	decisionmakers	decisionmaker	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	43	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	271	44	instead	instead	ADV
cjrl-14166	271	45	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	271	46	juries	jury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	47	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	271	48	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	271	49	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	271	50	delinquency	delinquency	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	51	proceedings.79	proceedings.79	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	52	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	271	53	applicability	applicability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	54	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	271	55	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	56	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	57	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	271	58	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	271	59	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	60	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	61	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	62	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	271	63	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	271	64	therefore	therefore	ADV
cjrl-14166	271	65	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	271	66	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	271	67	natural	natural	ADJ
cjrl-14166	271	68	outcome	outcome	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	69	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	271	70	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	271	71	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	72	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	271	73	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	74	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	271	75	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	76	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	271	77	interactions	interaction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	78	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	271	79	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	271	80	justice	justice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	81	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	271	82	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	272	1	76	76	NUM
cjrl-14166	272	2	amanda	amanda	PROPN
cjrl-14166	272	3	geller	geller	PROPN
cjrl-14166	272	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	272	5	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	272	6	–	–	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	272	7	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	272	8	contact	contact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	272	9	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	272	10	burdens	burden	NOUN
cjrl-14166	272	11	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	272	12	inequities	inequity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	272	13	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	272	14	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	272	15	adverse	adverse	ADJ
cjrl-14166	272	16	childhood	childhood	NOUN
cjrl-14166	272	17	experience	experience	NOUN
cjrl-14166	272	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	272	19	2014–2017	2014–2017	NUM
cjrl-14166	272	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	272	21	am	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	272	22	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	273	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	273	2	public	public	PROPN
cjrl-14166	273	3	health	health	PROPN
cjrl-14166	273	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	273	5	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	273	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	273	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	273	8	footnotes	footnote	NOUN
cjrl-14166	273	9	omitted	omit	VERB
cjrl-14166	273	10	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	273	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	274	1	77	77	NUM
cjrl-14166	274	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	274	3	esther	esther	PROPN
cjrl-14166	274	4	k.	k.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	274	5	hong	hong	PROPN
cjrl-14166	274	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	274	7	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	274	8	reexamination	reexamination	NOUN
cjrl-14166	274	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	274	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	274	11	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	274	12	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	274	13	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	274	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	274	15	88	88	NUM
cjrl-14166	274	16	tenn	tenn	PROPN
cjrl-14166	274	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	275	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	275	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	275	4	277	277	NUM
cjrl-14166	275	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	6	288–89	288–89	NUM
cjrl-14166	275	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	8	2020	2020	NUM
cjrl-14166	275	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	12	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	275	13	sum	sum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	15	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	275	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	275	17	first	first	ADJ
cjrl-14166	275	18	three	three	NUM
cjrl-14166	275	19	eras	era	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	275	21	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	275	22	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	275	25	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	26	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	275	27	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	28	infiltrated	infiltrate	VERB
cjrl-14166	275	29	every	every	DET
cjrl-14166	275	30	aspect	aspect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	31	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	275	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	275	33	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	275	34	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	275	35	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	36	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	275	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	275	38	creation	creation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	39	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	275	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	275	41	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	275	42	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	43	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	275	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	275	45	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	46	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	275	47	minors	minor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	48	'	'	PART
cjrl-14166	275	49	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	275	50	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	51	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	275	52	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	275	53	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	275	54	criminal	criminal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	275	55	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	56	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	57	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	58	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	59	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	60	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	275	61	justice	justice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	62	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	63	structure	structure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	64	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	275	65	process	process	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	66	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	67	organization	organization	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	68	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	275	69	administration	administration	PROPN
cjrl-14166	275	70	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	275	71	delinquency	delinquency	PROPN
cjrl-14166	275	72	services	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	73	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	275	74	ojjdp	ojjdp	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	75	stat	stat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	275	76	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	276	1	briefing	briefing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	276	2	book	book	NOUN
cjrl-14166	276	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	276	4	mar	mar	PROPN
cjrl-14166	276	5	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	276	6	27	27	NUM
cjrl-14166	276	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	276	8	2018	2018	NUM
cjrl-14166	276	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	276	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	276	11	https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/structure_process/qa04205.asp?qadate=2016	https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/structure_process/qa04205.asp?qadate=2016	NOUN
cjrl-14166	277	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	277	2	https://perma.cc/vxm7-64wz	https://perma.cc/vxm7-64wz	X
cjrl-14166	277	3	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	277	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	5	noting	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	277	6	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	277	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	277	8	purpose	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	277	9	clauses	clause	VERB
cjrl-14166	277	10	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	277	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	277	12	statutes	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	277	13	creating	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	277	14	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	277	15	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	277	16	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	277	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	277	18	large	large	ADJ
cjrl-14166	277	19	number	number	NOUN
cjrl-14166	277	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	277	21	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	277	22	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	23	alabama	alabama	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	25	arkansas	arkansas	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	27	california	california	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	29	delaware	delaware	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	31	florida	florida	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	33	illinois	illinois	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	35	iowa	iowa	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	36	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	37	louisiana	louisiana	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	39	massachusetts	massachusetts	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	40	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	41	maine	maine	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	42	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	43	maryland	maryland	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	44	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	45	michigan	michigan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	46	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	47	mississippi	mississippi	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	48	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	49	missouri	missouri	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	50	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	51	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	52	jersey	jersey	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	53	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	54	nevada	nevada	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	55	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	56	oklahoma	oklahoma	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	57	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	58	pennsylvania	pennsylvania	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	59	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	60	rhode	rhode	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	61	island	island	NOUN
cjrl-14166	277	62	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	63	south	south	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	64	carolina	carolina	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	65	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	66	south	south	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	67	dakota	dakota	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	68	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	69	utah	utah	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	70	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	71	vermont	vermont	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	72	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	73	virginia	virginia	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	74	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	75	washington	washington	PROPN
cjrl-14166	277	76	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	77	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	277	78	wyoming	wyoming	NOUN
cjrl-14166	277	79	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	80	employ	employ	NOUN
cjrl-14166	277	81	language	language	NOUN
cjrl-14166	277	82	reflecting	reflect	VERB
cjrl-14166	277	83	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	277	84	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	277	85	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	277	86	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	277	87	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	277	88	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
cjrl-14166	278	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	3	several	several	ADJ
cjrl-14166	278	4	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	278	5	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	278	6	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	7	connecticut	connecticut	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	9	georgia	georgia	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	11	indiana	indiana	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	13	montana	montana	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	15	nebraska	nebraska	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	17	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	18	hampshire	hampshire	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	20	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	21	mexico	mexico	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	23	ohio	ohio	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	25	oregon	oregon	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	27	tennessee	tennessee	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	29	texas	texas	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	31	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	278	32	west	west	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	33	virginia	virginia	PROPN
cjrl-14166	278	34	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	278	35	use	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	278	36	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	278	37	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	278	38	language	language	NOUN
cjrl-14166	278	39	related	relate	VERB
cjrl-14166	278	40	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	278	41	care	care	VERB
cjrl-14166	278	42	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	278	43	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	278	44	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	278	45	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	278	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	279	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	279	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	279	3	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cjrl-14166	279	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	279	5	conn	conn	PROPN
cjrl-14166	279	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	280	1	gen	gen	PROPN
cjrl-14166	280	2	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	280	3	stat	stat	PROPN
cjrl-14166	280	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	281	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	281	2	46b-121h	46b-121h	NUM
cjrl-14166	281	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	281	4	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	281	5	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	281	6	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	281	7	ga	ga	PROPN
cjrl-14166	281	8	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	281	9	code	code	PROPN
cjrl-14166	281	10	ann	ann	PROPN
cjrl-14166	281	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	282	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	282	2	15	15	NUM
cjrl-14166	282	3	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	282	4	11	11	NUM
cjrl-14166	282	5	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	282	6	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	282	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	282	8	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	282	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	282	10	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	283	1	ind	ind	PROPN
cjrl-14166	283	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	283	3	code	code	PROPN
cjrl-14166	283	4	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	283	5	31	31	NUM
cjrl-14166	283	6	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	283	7	10	10	NUM
cjrl-14166	283	8	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	283	9	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	283	10	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	283	11	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	283	12	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	283	13	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	283	14	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	283	15	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	283	16	mont	mont	NOUN
cjrl-14166	283	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	284	1	code	code	PROPN
cjrl-14166	284	2	ann	ann	PROPN
cjrl-14166	284	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	285	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	285	2	41	41	NUM
cjrl-14166	285	3	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	285	4	5	5	NUM
cjrl-14166	285	5	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	285	6	102	102	NUM
cjrl-14166	285	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	285	8	west	west	NOUN
cjrl-14166	285	9	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	285	10	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	285	11	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	285	12	neb	neb	PROPN
cjrl-14166	285	13	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	285	14	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	285	15	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	285	16	stat	stat	PROPN
cjrl-14166	285	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	286	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	286	2	43	43	NUM
cjrl-14166	286	3	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	286	4	246	246	NUM
cjrl-14166	286	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	286	6	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	286	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	286	8	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	286	9	neb	neb	PROPN
cjrl-14166	286	10	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	286	11	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	286	12	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	286	13	stat	stat	PROPN
cjrl-14166	286	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	287	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	287	2	43	43	NUM
cjrl-14166	287	3	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	287	4	402	402	NUM
cjrl-14166	287	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	287	6	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	287	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	287	8	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	287	9	n.h	n.h	PROPN
cjrl-14166	287	10	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	287	11	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	287	12	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	287	13	stat	stat	PROPN
cjrl-14166	287	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	288	1	ann	ann	PROPN
cjrl-14166	288	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	289	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	289	2	169	169	NUM
cjrl-14166	289	3	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	289	4	b:1	b:1	PROPN
cjrl-14166	289	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	289	6	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	289	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	289	8	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	289	9	n.m	n.m	PROPN
cjrl-14166	289	10	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	289	11	stat	stat	PROPN
cjrl-14166	289	12	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	290	1	ann	ann	PROPN
cjrl-14166	290	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	291	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	291	2	32a-2	32a-2	PROPN
cjrl-14166	291	3	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	291	4	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	291	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	291	6	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	291	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	291	8	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	291	9	ohio	ohio	PROPN
cjrl-14166	291	10	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	291	11	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	291	12	code	code	PROPN
cjrl-14166	291	13	ann	ann	PROPN
cjrl-14166	291	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	292	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	292	2	2152.01	2152.01	NUM
cjrl-14166	292	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	292	4	west	west	NOUN
cjrl-14166	292	5	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	292	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	292	7	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	292	8	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	292	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	293	1	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	293	2	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	293	3	stat	stat	PROPN
cjrl-14166	293	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	294	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	294	2	419b.090	419b.090	NUM
cjrl-14166	294	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	294	4	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	294	5	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	294	6	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	294	7	tenn	tenn	PROPN
cjrl-14166	294	8	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	294	9	code	code	PROPN
cjrl-14166	294	10	ann	ann	PROPN
cjrl-14166	294	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	295	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	295	2	37	37	NUM
cjrl-14166	295	3	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	295	4	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	295	5	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	295	6	101	101	NUM
cjrl-14166	295	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	295	8	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	295	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	295	10	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	295	11	tex	tex	PROPN
cjrl-14166	295	12	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	295	13	fam	fam	PROPN
cjrl-14166	295	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	295	15	code	code	PROPN
cjrl-14166	295	16	ann	ann	PROPN
cjrl-14166	295	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	296	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	296	2	51.01	51.01	NUM
cjrl-14166	296	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	296	4	west	west	NOUN
cjrl-14166	296	5	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	296	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	296	7	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	296	8	w.	w.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	296	9	va	va	PROPN
cjrl-14166	296	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	296	11	code	code	PROPN
cjrl-14166	296	12	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	296	13	49	49	NUM
cjrl-14166	296	14	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	296	15	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	296	16	-	-	NUM
cjrl-14166	296	17	105	105	NUM
cjrl-14166	296	18	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	296	19	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	296	20	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	296	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	297	1	78	78	NUM
cjrl-14166	297	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	297	3	esther	esther	PROPN
cjrl-14166	297	4	k.	k.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	297	5	hong	hong	PROPN
cjrl-14166	297	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	297	7	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	297	8	reexamination	reexamination	NOUN
cjrl-14166	297	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	297	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	297	11	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	297	12	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	297	13	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	297	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	297	15	88	88	NUM
cjrl-14166	297	16	tenn	tenn	PROPN
cjrl-14166	297	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	298	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	298	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	298	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	298	4	277	277	NUM
cjrl-14166	298	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	298	6	301	301	NUM
cjrl-14166	298	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	298	8	2020	2020	NUM
cjrl-14166	298	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	298	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	299	1	79	79	NUM
cjrl-14166	300	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	300	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	300	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	300	4	301–02	301–02	NUM
cjrl-14166	300	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	301	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	301	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	301	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	301	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	301	7	1309	1309	NUM
cjrl-14166	301	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	301	9	use	use	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	301	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	301	12	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	13	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	301	14	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	15	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	301	16	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	301	17	ways	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	18	aims	aim	VERB
cjrl-14166	301	19	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	301	20	cater	cater	VERB
cjrl-14166	301	21	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	301	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	301	23	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	301	24	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	301	26	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	301	28	empowering	empower	VERB
cjrl-14166	301	29	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	30	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	301	31	act	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	301	32	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	301	33	guardians	guardian	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	34	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	301	35	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	36	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	301	37	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	38	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	301	39	safety	safety	NOUN
cjrl-14166	301	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	302	1	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	302	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	302	3	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	302	4	level	level	NOUN
cjrl-14166	302	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	302	6	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	302	7	aims	aim	VERB
cjrl-14166	302	8	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	302	9	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	302	10	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	302	11	pathway	pathway	NOUN
cjrl-14166	302	12	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	302	13	institutional	institutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	302	14	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	302	15	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	302	16	harms	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	302	17	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	302	18	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	302	19	victim	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	302	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	302	21	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	302	22	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	302	23	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	302	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	302	25	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	302	26	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	303	1	yet	yet	ADV
cjrl-14166	303	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	303	3	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	303	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	303	5	existence	existence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	303	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	303	7	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	303	8	frameworks	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	303	9	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	303	10	multiple	multiple	ADJ
cjrl-14166	303	11	levels	level	NOUN
cjrl-14166	303	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	303	13	governance	governance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	303	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	303	15	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	303	16	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	303	17	continues	continue	VERB
cjrl-14166	303	18	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	303	19	go	go	VERB
cjrl-14166	303	20	unchecked	unchecked	ADJ
cjrl-14166	303	21	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	303	22	attempts	attempt	NOUN
cjrl-14166	303	23	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	303	24	securing	secure	VERB
cjrl-14166	303	25	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	303	26	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	303	27	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	303	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	303	29	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	303	30	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	303	31	still	still	ADV
cjrl-14166	303	32	met	meet	VERB
cjrl-14166	303	33	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	303	34	countless	countless	ADJ
cjrl-14166	303	35	barriers	barrier	NOUN
cjrl-14166	303	36	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	304	1	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	304	2	ii	ii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	304	3	analyzes	analyze	VERB
cjrl-14166	304	4	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	304	5	flawed	flawed	ADJ
cjrl-14166	304	6	frameworks	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	304	7	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	304	8	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	304	9	insight	insight	NOUN
cjrl-14166	304	10	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	304	11	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	304	12	why	why	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	304	13	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	304	14	barriers	barrier	NOUN
cjrl-14166	304	15	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	304	16	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	304	17	exist	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	304	18	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	304	19	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	304	20	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	304	21	impact	impact	VERB
cjrl-14166	304	22	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	304	23	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	304	24	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	304	25	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	304	26	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	304	27	individually	individually	ADV
cjrl-14166	304	28	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	304	29	collectively	collectively	ADV
cjrl-14166	304	30	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	305	1	ii	ii	X
cjrl-14166	305	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	306	1	current	current	ADJ
cjrl-14166	306	2	frameworks	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	306	3	fail	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	306	4	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	306	5	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	306	6	adequate	adequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	306	7	avenues	avenue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	306	8	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	306	9	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	306	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	306	11	affording	afford	VERB
cjrl-14166	306	12	institutions	institution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	306	13	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	306	14	boundless	boundless	ADJ
cjrl-14166	306	15	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	306	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	306	17	little	little	ADJ
cjrl-14166	306	18	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	306	19	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	306	20	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	306	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	307	1	a.	a.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	307	2	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	307	3	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	307	4	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	307	5	escape	escape	VERB
cjrl-14166	307	6	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	307	7	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	307	8	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	307	9	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	307	10	exceptionally	exceptionally	ADV
cjrl-14166	307	11	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	307	12	standard	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	307	13	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	307	14	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	307	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	307	16	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	307	17	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	307	18	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	307	19	fundamentally	fundamentally	ADV
cjrl-14166	307	20	changed	change	VERB
cjrl-14166	307	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	307	22	landscape	landscape	NOUN
cjrl-14166	307	23	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	307	24	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	307	25	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	307	26	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	307	27	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	307	28	providing	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	307	29	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	307	30	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	307	31	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	307	32	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	307	33	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	307	34	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	307	35	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	307	36	barred	bar	VERB
cjrl-14166	307	37	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	307	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	307	39	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	307	40	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	307	41	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	308	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	308	2	reality	reality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	308	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	308	4	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	308	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	308	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	308	7	possibility	possibility	NOUN
cjrl-14166	308	8	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	308	9	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	308	10	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	308	11	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	308	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	308	13	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	308	14	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	308	15	proves	prove	VERB
cjrl-14166	308	16	illusory.80	illusory.80	NOUN
cjrl-14166	308	17	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	308	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	309	1	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	309	2	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	309	3	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	309	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	309	5	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	309	6	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	309	7	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	309	8	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	309	9	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	309	10	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	309	11	flawed	flawed	ADJ
cjrl-14166	309	12	understanding	understanding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	309	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	309	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	309	15	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	309	16	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	309	17	ordinarily	ordinarily	ADV
cjrl-14166	309	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	309	19	private	private	ADJ
cjrl-14166	309	20	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	309	21	–	–	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	309	22	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	309	23	relationships	relationship	NOUN
cjrl-14166	309	24	adhere	adhere	VERB
cjrl-14166	309	25	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	309	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	309	27	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	309	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	309	29	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	309	30	superior,81	superior,81	NOUN
cjrl-14166	309	31	making	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	309	32	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	309	33	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	309	34	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	309	35	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	309	36	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	309	37	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	309	38	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	309	39	torts	tort	NOUN
cjrl-14166	309	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	310	1	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	310	2	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	310	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	310	4	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	310	5	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	310	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	310	7	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	310	8	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	310	9	prevails	prevail	VERB
cjrl-14166	310	10	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	310	11	non	non	ADJ
cjrl-14166	310	12	-	-	ADJ
cjrl-14166	310	13	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	310	14	torts.82	torts.82	NOUN
cjrl-14166	310	15	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	310	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	310	17	though	though	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	310	18	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	310	19	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	310	20	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
cjrl-14166	310	21	80	80	NUM
cjrl-14166	310	22	supra	supra	ADJ
cjrl-14166	310	23	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	310	24	6	6	NUM
cjrl-14166	310	25	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	310	26	81	81	NUM
cjrl-14166	310	27	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	310	28	dan	dan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	310	29	b.	b.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	310	30	dobbs	dobbs	PROPN
cjrl-14166	310	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	310	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	310	33	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	310	34	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	310	35	torts	torts	PROPN
cjrl-14166	310	36	905	905	NUM
cjrl-14166	310	37	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	310	38	2001	2001	NUM
cjrl-14166	310	39	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	310	40	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	310	41	david	david	PROPN
cjrl-14166	310	42	jacks	jacks	PROPN
cjrl-14166	310	43	achtenberg	achtenberg	PROPN
cjrl-14166	310	44	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	310	45	taking	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	310	46	history	history	NOUN
cjrl-14166	310	47	seriously	seriously	ADV
cjrl-14166	310	48	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	310	49	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	310	50	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	310	51	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	310	52	42	42	NUM
cjrl-14166	310	53	u.s.c	u.s.c	ADJ
cjrl-14166	310	54	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	311	1	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	311	2	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	311	3	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	311	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	311	5	debate	debate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	311	6	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	311	7	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	311	8	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	311	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	311	10	73	73	NUM
cjrl-14166	311	11	fordham	fordham	PROPN
cjrl-14166	311	12	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	311	13	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	311	14	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	311	15	2183	2183	NUM
cjrl-14166	311	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	311	17	2191	2191	NUM
cjrl-14166	311	18	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	311	19	2005	2005	NUM
cjrl-14166	311	20	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	311	21	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	311	22	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	311	23	remarkably	remarkably	ADV
cjrl-14166	311	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	311	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	311	26	standard	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	311	27	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	311	28	awarding	award	VERB
cjrl-14166	311	29	compensatory	compensatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	311	30	damages	damage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	311	31	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	311	32	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	311	33	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	311	34	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	311	35	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	311	36	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	311	37	higher	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	311	38	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	311	39	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	311	40	standard	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	311	41	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	311	42	awarding	award	VERB
cjrl-14166	311	43	punitive	punitive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	311	44	damages	damage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	311	45	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	311	46	private	private	ADJ
cjrl-14166	311	47	employers	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	311	48	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	311	49	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	311	50	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	311	51	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	1	82	82	NUM
cjrl-14166	312	2	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	312	3	dan	dan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	312	4	b.	b.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	312	5	dobbs	dobbs	PROPN
cjrl-14166	312	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	312	8	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	312	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	312	10	torts	torts	PROPN
cjrl-14166	312	11	905	905	PROPN
cjrl-14166	312	12	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	312	13	n.1	n.1	PROPN
cjrl-14166	312	14	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	15	2001	2001	NUM
cjrl-14166	312	16	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	17	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	18	identifying	identify	VERB
cjrl-14166	312	19	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	312	20	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	312	21	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	312	22	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	312	23	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	312	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	312	25	exception	exception	NOUN
cjrl-14166	312	26	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	312	27	respondeat	respondeat	VERB
cjrl-14166	312	28	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	312	29	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	312	30	both	both	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	312	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	312	32	private	private	ADJ
cjrl-14166	312	33	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	312	34	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	312	35	employment	employment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	312	36	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	312	37	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	38	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	39	achtenberg	achtenberg	PROPN
cjrl-14166	312	40	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	41	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	312	42	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	312	43	80	80	NUM
cjrl-14166	312	44	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	45	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	312	46	2191	2191	NUM
cjrl-14166	312	47	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	48	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	49	monell	monell	VERB
cjrl-14166	312	50	confines	confine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	312	51	entity	entity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	312	52	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	312	53	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	312	54	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	312	55	manner	manner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	312	56	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	312	57	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	312	58	unique	unique	ADJ
cjrl-14166	312	59	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	312	60	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	312	61	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	312	62	exists	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	312	63	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	312	64	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	312	65	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	312	66	area	area	NOUN
cjrl-14166	312	67	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	312	68	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	312	69	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	312	70	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	71	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	72	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	312	73	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	313	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	313	2	1310	1310	NUM
cjrl-14166	313	3	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	313	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	314	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	314	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	314	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	314	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	315	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	315	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	315	4	15:1290	15:1290	X
cjrl-14166	315	5	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	315	6	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	315	7	apply	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	315	8	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	315	9	independent	independent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	315	10	contractors	contractor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	315	12	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	315	13	finding	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	315	14	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	15	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	315	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	315	17	one	one	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	18	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	315	19	hires	hire	VERB
cjrl-14166	315	20	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	315	21	independent	independent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	315	22	contractor	contractor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	23	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	315	24	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	315	25	easier	easy	ADJ
cjrl-14166	315	26	standard	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	27	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	315	28	monell.83	monell.83	ADJ
cjrl-14166	315	29	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	30	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	315	31	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	315	32	creation	creation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	33	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	315	34	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	35	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	36	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	315	37	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	315	38	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	39	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	315	40	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	41	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	315	42	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	315	43	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	315	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	315	45	idea	idea	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	46	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	315	47	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	315	48	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	315	49	wrong	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	50	done	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	315	51	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	315	52	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	315	53	servant	servant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	54	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	315	55	looked	look	VERB
cjrl-14166	315	56	upon	upon	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	315	57	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	315	58	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	59	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	315	60	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	315	61	wrong	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	62	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	315	63	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	315	64	master	master	NOUN
cjrl-14166	315	65	himself	himself	PRON
cjrl-14166	315	66	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	1	”84	”84	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	2	this	this	PRON
cjrl-14166	316	3	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	316	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	316	5	understanding	understanding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	316	8	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	9	–	–	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	10	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	11	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	12	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	316	14	time	time	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	15	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	316	16	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	316	17	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	316	18	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	316	19	enacted.85	enacted.85	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	20	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	21	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	23	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	24	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	316	25	often	often	ADV
cjrl-14166	316	26	noted	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	27	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	316	28	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	316	29	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	30	has	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	316	32	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	33	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	316	34	control	control	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	35	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	316	36	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	37	servants”—or	servants”—or	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	38	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	316	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	40	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	41	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	42	allowing	allow	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	43	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	316	44	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	45	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	316	46	naturally	naturally	ADV
cjrl-14166	316	47	flow	flow	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	48	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	49	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	50	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	51	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	52	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	53	some	some	DET
cjrl-14166	316	54	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	55	additionally	additionally	ADV
cjrl-14166	316	56	identify	identify	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	57	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	316	58	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	59	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	316	60	ability	ability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	61	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	316	62	select	select	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	63	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	64	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	65	creating	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	66	liability.86	liability.86	ADJ
cjrl-14166	316	67	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	316	68	justifications	justification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	69	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	316	70	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	316	71	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	316	72	posed	pose	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	73	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	74	including	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	75	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	316	76	breach	breach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	77	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	78	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	316	79	warranty	warranty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	80	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	81	good	good	ADJ
cjrl-14166	316	82	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	83	expected	expect	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	84	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	316	85	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	316	86	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	87	selects	select	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	88	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	316	89	employs	employ	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	90	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	316	91	individual87	individual87	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	92	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	316	93	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	316	94	reciprocal	reciprocal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	316	95	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	96	between	between	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	97	benefits	benefit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	98	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	316	99	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	100	provides	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	101	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	316	102	liabilities	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	103	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	316	104	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	105	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	106	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	107	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	316	108	employer.88	employer.88	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	109	interestingly	interestingly	ADV
cjrl-14166	316	110	enough	enough	ADV
cjrl-14166	316	111	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	112	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	316	113	pathways	pathway	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	114	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	115	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	116	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	117	monell	monell	PRON
cjrl-14166	316	118	seem	seem	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	119	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	316	120	mimic	mimic	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	121	some	some	PRON
cjrl-14166	316	122	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	123	author	author	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	124	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	316	125	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	316	126	unable	unable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	316	127	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	316	128	identify	identify	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	129	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	316	130	single	single	ADJ
cjrl-14166	316	131	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	132	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	316	133	restricts	restrict	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	134	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	316	135	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	136	'	'	PART
cjrl-14166	316	137	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	138	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	139	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	140	'	'	PART
cjrl-14166	316	141	non	non	ADJ
cjrl-14166	316	142	-	-	ADJ
cjrl-14166	316	143	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	316	144	torts	tort	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	145	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	316	146	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	316	147	way	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	148	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	149	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	316	150	restricts	restrict	VERB
cjrl-14166	316	151	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	316	152	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	153	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	316	154	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	316	155	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	316	156	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	157	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	158	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	316	159	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	317	1	83	83	NUM
cjrl-14166	317	2	compare	compare	NOUN
cjrl-14166	317	3	restatement	restatement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	317	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	317	5	second	second	ADJ
cjrl-14166	317	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	317	7	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	317	8	torts	torts	PROPN
cjrl-14166	317	9	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	317	10	411	411	NUM
cjrl-14166	317	11	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	317	12	1965	1965	NUM
cjrl-14166	317	13	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	317	14	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	317	15	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	317	16	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	317	17	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	317	18	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	317	19	subject	subject	ADJ
cjrl-14166	317	20	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	317	21	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	317	22	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	317	23	physical	physical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	317	24	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	317	25	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	317	26	third	third	ADJ
cjrl-14166	317	27	persons	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	317	28	caused	cause	VERB
cjrl-14166	317	29	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	317	30	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	317	31	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	317	32	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	317	33	exercise	exercise	VERB
cjrl-14166	317	34	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	317	35	care	care	NOUN
cjrl-14166	317	36	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	317	37	employ	employ	VERB
cjrl-14166	317	38	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	317	39	competent	competent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	317	40	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	317	41	careful	careful	ADJ
cjrl-14166	317	42	contractor	contractor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	317	43	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	317	44	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	317	45	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	317	46	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	317	47	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	317	48	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	317	49	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	317	50	county	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	317	51	com’rs	com’rs	NOUN
cjrl-14166	317	52	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	317	53	bryan	bryan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	317	54	county	county	PROPN
cjrl-14166	317	55	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	317	56	okl	okl	PROPN
cjrl-14166	317	57	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	318	1	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	318	2	brown	brown	PROPN
cjrl-14166	318	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	318	4	520	520	NUM
cjrl-14166	318	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	318	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	318	7	397	397	NUM
cjrl-14166	318	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	318	9	397	397	NUM
cjrl-14166	318	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	318	11	1997	1997	NUM
cjrl-14166	318	12	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	318	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	318	14	requiring	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	318	15	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	318	16	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	318	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	318	18	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	318	19	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	318	20	show	show	VERB
cjrl-14166	318	21	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	318	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	318	23	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	318	24	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	318	25	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	318	26	taken	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	318	27	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	318	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	318	29	requisite	requisite	ADJ
cjrl-14166	318	30	degree	degree	NOUN
cjrl-14166	318	31	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	318	32	culpability	culpability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	318	33	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	318	34	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	318	35	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
cjrl-14166	318	36	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	318	37	direct	direct	ADJ
cjrl-14166	318	38	causal	causal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	318	39	link	link	NOUN
cjrl-14166	318	40	between	between	ADP
cjrl-14166	318	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	318	42	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	318	43	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	318	44	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	318	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	318	46	deprivation	deprivation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	318	47	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	318	48	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	318	49	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	318	50	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	318	51	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	318	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	319	1	84	84	NUM
cjrl-14166	319	2	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	319	3	william	william	PROPN
cjrl-14166	319	4	blackstone	blackstone	PROPN
cjrl-14166	319	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	319	6	commentaries	commentary	NOUN
cjrl-14166	319	7	432	432	NUM
cjrl-14166	319	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	319	9	1765	1765	NUM
cjrl-14166	319	10	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	319	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	320	1	85	85	NUM
cjrl-14166	320	2	shields	shield	NOUN
cjrl-14166	320	3	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	320	4	illinois	illinois	PROPN
cjrl-14166	320	5	dept	dept	PROPN
cjrl-14166	320	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	320	7	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	320	8	corrections	correction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	320	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	320	10	746	746	NUM
cjrl-14166	320	11	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cjrl-14166	320	12	782	782	NUM
cjrl-14166	320	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	320	14	791–92	791–92	NOUN
cjrl-14166	320	15	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	320	16	2014	2014	NUM
cjrl-14166	320	17	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	320	18	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	320	19	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	320	20	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	320	21	failed	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	320	22	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	320	23	grapple	grapple	VERB
cjrl-14166	320	24	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	320	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	320	26	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	320	27	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	320	28	respondeat	respondeat	VERB
cjrl-14166	320	29	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	320	30	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	320	31	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	320	32	employers	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	320	33	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	320	34	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	320	35	settled	settle	VERB
cjrl-14166	320	36	feature	feature	NOUN
cjrl-14166	320	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	320	38	american	american	ADJ
cjrl-14166	320	39	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	320	40	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	320	41	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	320	42	familiar	familiar	ADJ
cjrl-14166	320	43	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	320	44	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	320	45	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	320	46	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	320	47	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	320	48	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	320	49	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	320	50	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	320	51	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	320	52	enacted	enact	VERB
cjrl-14166	320	53	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	321	1	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	321	2	therefore	therefore	ADV
cjrl-14166	321	3	enacted	enact	VERB
cjrl-14166	321	4	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	321	5	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	321	6	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	321	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	321	8	backdrop	backdrop	NOUN
cjrl-14166	321	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	321	10	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	321	11	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	321	12	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	321	13	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	321	14	presumably	presumably	ADV
cjrl-14166	321	15	assumed	assume	VERB
cjrl-14166	321	16	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	321	17	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	321	18	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	321	19	apply	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	321	20	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	321	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	321	22	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	321	23	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	321	24	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	322	1	86	86	NUM
cjrl-14166	322	2	du	du	PROPN
cjrl-14166	322	3	pratt	pratt	PROPN
cjrl-14166	322	4	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	322	5	lick	lick	PROPN
cjrl-14166	322	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	322	7	38	38	NUM
cjrl-14166	322	8	cal	cal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	322	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	322	10	691	691	NUM
cjrl-14166	322	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	322	12	692	692	NUM
cjrl-14166	322	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	322	14	1870	1870	NUM
cjrl-14166	322	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	322	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	322	17	noting	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	322	18	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	322	19	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	322	20	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	322	21	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	322	22	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	322	23	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	322	24	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	322	25	selection	selection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	322	26	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	322	27	direction	direction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	322	28	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	322	29	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	322	30	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	322	31	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	322	32	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	322	33	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	322	34	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	322	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	322	36	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	322	37	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	322	38	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	322	39	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	322	40	mcguire	mcguire	PROPN
cjrl-14166	322	41	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	322	42	grant	grant	PROPN
cjrl-14166	322	43	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	322	44	25	25	NUM
cjrl-14166	322	45	n.j.l	n.j.l	NOUN
cjrl-14166	322	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	323	1	356	356	NUM
cjrl-14166	323	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	323	3	371	371	NUM
cjrl-14166	323	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	323	5	1856	1856	NUM
cjrl-14166	323	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	323	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	323	8	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	323	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	323	10	master	master	NOUN
cjrl-14166	323	11	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	323	12	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	323	13	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	323	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	323	15	tortious	tortious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	323	16	acts	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	323	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	323	18	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	323	19	servant	servant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	323	20	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	323	21	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	323	22	done	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	323	23	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	323	24	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	323	25	service	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	323	26	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	324	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	324	2	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cjrl-14166	324	3	grows	grow	VERB
cjrl-14166	324	4	out	out	ADP
cjrl-14166	324	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	324	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	324	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	324	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	325	1	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	325	2	control	control	NOUN
cjrl-14166	325	3	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	325	4	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	325	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	326	1	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	326	2	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	326	3	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	326	4	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	326	5	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	326	6	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	326	7	control	control	VERB
cjrl-14166	326	8	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	326	9	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	326	10	what	what	PRON
cjrl-14166	326	11	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	326	12	do	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	326	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	326	14	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	326	15	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	326	16	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	326	17	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	326	18	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	326	19	neglect	neglect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	326	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	326	21	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	326	22	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	326	23	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	327	1	some	some	DET
cjrl-14166	327	2	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	327	3	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	327	4	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	327	5	focused	focus	VERB
cjrl-14166	327	6	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	327	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	327	8	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	327	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	327	10	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	327	11	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	327	12	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	327	13	select	select	VERB
cjrl-14166	327	14	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	327	15	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	327	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	327	17	foundation	foundation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	327	18	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	327	19	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	327	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	328	1	kelly	kelly	PROPN
cjrl-14166	329	1	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	329	2	mayor	mayor	PROPN
cjrl-14166	329	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	329	4	city	city	PROPN
cjrl-14166	329	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	329	6	n.y	n.y	PROPN
cjrl-14166	329	7	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	329	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	329	9	11	11	NUM
cjrl-14166	329	10	n.y	n.y	PROPN
cjrl-14166	329	11	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	329	12	432	432	NUM
cjrl-14166	329	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	329	14	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	329	15	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	329	16	1854	1854	NUM
cjrl-14166	329	17	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	329	18	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	329	19	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	329	20	th[e	th[e	PROPN
cjrl-14166	329	21	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	329	22	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	329	23	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	329	24	selection	selection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	329	25	lies	lie	VERB
cjrl-14166	329	26	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	329	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	329	28	foundation	foundation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	329	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	329	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	329	31	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cjrl-14166	329	32	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	329	33	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	329	34	master	master	NOUN
cjrl-14166	329	35	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	329	36	principal	principal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	329	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	329	38	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	329	39	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	329	40	acts	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	329	41	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	329	42	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	329	43	servant	servant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	329	44	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	329	45	agent	agent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	329	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	329	47	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	329	48	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	329	49	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	1	pack	pack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	2	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	330	3	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	330	5	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	330	6	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	330	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	8	4	4	NUM
cjrl-14166	330	9	seld	seld	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	11	222	222	NUM
cjrl-14166	330	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	13	225	225	NUM
cjrl-14166	330	14	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	15	1853	1853	NUM
cjrl-14166	330	16	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	17	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	18	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	330	20	party	party	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	21	employing	employ	VERB
cjrl-14166	330	22	has	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	330	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	330	24	selection	selection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	330	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	330	27	party	party	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	28	employed	employ	VERB
cjrl-14166	330	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	30	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	330	31	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	330	32	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	330	33	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	330	34	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	330	35	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	330	36	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	330	37	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	330	38	made	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	330	39	choice	choice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	40	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	330	41	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	330	42	unskillful	unskillful	ADJ
cjrl-14166	330	43	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	330	44	careless	careless	ADJ
cjrl-14166	330	45	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	46	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	330	47	execute	execute	VERB
cjrl-14166	330	48	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	330	49	orders	order	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	50	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	51	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	330	52	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	330	53	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	330	54	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	330	55	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	330	56	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	57	resulting	result	VERB
cjrl-14166	330	58	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	330	59	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	330	60	want	want	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	61	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	330	62	skill	skill	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	63	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	330	64	want	want	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	65	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	330	66	care	care	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	67	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	330	68	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	330	69	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	330	70	employed	employ	VERB
cjrl-14166	330	71	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	72	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	73	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	330	74	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	331	1	87	87	NUM
cjrl-14166	331	2	kelly	kelly	ADV
cjrl-14166	331	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	331	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	331	5	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	331	6	85	85	NUM
cjrl-14166	331	7	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	331	8	88	88	NUM
cjrl-14166	331	9	cardot	cardot	NOUN
cjrl-14166	331	10	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	331	11	barney	barney	PROPN
cjrl-14166	331	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	331	13	63	63	NUM
cjrl-14166	331	14	n.y	n.y	PROPN
cjrl-14166	331	15	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	331	16	281	281	NUM
cjrl-14166	331	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	331	18	287	287	NUM
cjrl-14166	331	19	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	331	20	1875	1875	NUM
cjrl-14166	331	21	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	331	22	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	331	23	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	331	24	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	331	25	h]e	h]e	NOUN
cjrl-14166	331	26	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	331	27	expects	expect	VERB
cjrl-14166	331	28	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	331	29	derive	derive	VERB
cjrl-14166	331	30	advantage	advantage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	331	31	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	331	32	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	331	33	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	331	34	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	331	35	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	331	36	done	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	331	37	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	331	38	another	another	PRON
cjrl-14166	331	39	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	331	40	him	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	331	41	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	331	42	answer	answer	VERB
cjrl-14166	331	43	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	331	44	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	331	45	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	331	46	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	331	47	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	331	48	third	third	ADJ
cjrl-14166	331	49	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	331	50	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	331	51	sustain	sustain	VERB
cjrl-14166	331	52	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	331	53	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	331	54	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	332	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	332	2	quoting	quote	VERB
cjrl-14166	332	3	hall	hall	PROPN
cjrl-14166	332	4	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	332	5	smith	smith	PROPN
cjrl-14166	332	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	332	7	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	332	8	bing	bing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	332	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	333	1	156	156	NUM
cjrl-14166	333	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	333	3	160	160	NUM
cjrl-14166	333	4	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	333	5	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	333	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	334	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	334	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	334	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	334	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	334	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	334	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	334	7	1311	1311	NUM
cjrl-14166	334	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	334	9	language	language	NOUN
cjrl-14166	334	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	334	11	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	334	12	justifications	justification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	334	13	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	334	14	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	334	15	superior,89	superior,89	NOUN
cjrl-14166	334	16	yet	yet	ADV
cjrl-14166	334	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	334	18	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	334	19	refused	refuse	VERB
cjrl-14166	334	20	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	334	21	apply	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	334	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	334	23	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	334	24	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	334	25	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	334	26	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	334	27	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	334	28	development	development	NOUN
cjrl-14166	334	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	334	30	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	334	31	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	334	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	335	1	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	335	2	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	335	3	first	first	ADV
cjrl-14166	335	4	worth	worth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	5	noting	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	335	6	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	335	7	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	8	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	335	9	rationale	rationale	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	10	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	11	rejecting	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	335	12	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	13	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	335	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	335	16	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	335	17	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	18	discussed	discuss	VERB
cjrl-14166	335	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	335	20	idea	idea	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	21	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	22	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	335	23	community	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	24	sharing	sharing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	25	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	26	losses	loss	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	27	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	28	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	335	29	those	those	PRON
cjrl-14166	335	30	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	31	property	property	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	32	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	33	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	34	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	335	35	damages	damage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	37	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	38	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	39	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	40	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	41	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	42	kkk	kkk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	43	attacks.90	attacks.90	PROPN
cjrl-14166	335	44	respondeat	respondeat	VERB
cjrl-14166	335	45	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	46	holds	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	335	47	employers	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	48	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	49	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	50	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	335	51	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	52	’	’	PART
cjrl-14166	335	53	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	54	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	335	55	community	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	56	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	335	57	sharing	sharing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	58	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	59	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	335	60	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	61	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	335	62	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	335	63	relevant	relevant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	64	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	65	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	335	66	extent	extent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	67	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	335	68	taxpayer	taxpayer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	69	dollars	dollars	PROPN
cjrl-14166	335	70	fund	fund	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	71	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	72	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	335	73	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	335	74	employers	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	75	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	76	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	77	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	78	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	335	79	cases.91	cases.91	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	80	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	335	81	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	82	concluded	conclude	VERB
cjrl-14166	335	83	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	335	84	community	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	85	sharing	sharing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	86	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	335	87	loss	loss	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	88	prevention	prevention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	89	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	335	90	evidently	evidently	ADV
cjrl-14166	335	91	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	335	92	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	93	enough	enough	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	94	reasons	reason	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	95	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	335	96	support	support	VERB
cjrl-14166	335	97	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	335	98	passage	passage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	99	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	100	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	335	101	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	335	102	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	335	103	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	335	104	wrongly	wrongly	ADV
cjrl-14166	335	105	extrapolated	extrapolate	VERB
cjrl-14166	335	106	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	335	107	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	108	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	109	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	335	110	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	111	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	335	112	complete	complete	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	113	dismissal	dismissal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	114	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	115	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	116	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	117	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	118	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	335	119	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	120	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	121	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	122	liability.92	liability.92	PROPN
cjrl-14166	335	123	this	this	PRON
cjrl-14166	335	124	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	335	125	mistaken	mistaken	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	126	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	335	127	two	two	NUM
cjrl-14166	335	128	key	key	ADJ
cjrl-14166	335	129	reasons	reason	NOUN
cjrl-14166	335	130	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	336	1	first	first	ADV
cjrl-14166	336	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	336	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	336	4	discussion	discussion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	336	6	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	7	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	8	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	336	9	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	336	10	lacked	lack	VERB
cjrl-14166	336	11	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	336	12	true	true	ADJ
cjrl-14166	336	13	review	review	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	14	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	336	15	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	336	16	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	17	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	336	18	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	336	19	control	control	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	20	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	336	21	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	336	22	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	336	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	336	25	reciprocal	reciprocal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	336	26	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	27	between	between	ADP
cjrl-14166	336	28	benefits	benefit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	29	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	336	30	liabilities	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	336	32	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	336	33	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	336	34	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	336	35	major	major	ADJ
cjrl-14166	336	36	rationale	rationale	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	37	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	336	38	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	39	superior.93	superior.93	ADV
cjrl-14166	336	40	yet	yet	ADV
cjrl-14166	336	41	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	336	42	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	336	43	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	336	44	circumstantial	circumstantial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	336	45	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	46	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	336	47	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	336	48	house	house	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	49	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	336	50	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	51	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	336	52	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	336	53	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	336	54	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	336	55	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	336	56	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	336	57	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	336	58	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	59	settled	settle	VERB
cjrl-14166	336	60	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	336	61	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	336	62	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	63	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	336	64	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	336	65	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
cjrl-14166	336	66	reflect	reflect	VERB
cjrl-14166	336	67	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	336	68	ideals	ideal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	69	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	336	70	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	336	71	very	very	ADJ
cjrl-14166	336	72	approach	approach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	73	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	336	74	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	336	75	89	89	NUM
cjrl-14166	336	76	see	see	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	77	infra	infra	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	78	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	336	79	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	336	80	a.2	a.2	VERB
cjrl-14166	336	81	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	337	1	90	90	NUM
cjrl-14166	337	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	337	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	337	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	337	5	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	337	6	30	30	NUM
cjrl-14166	337	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	338	1	91	91	NUM
cjrl-14166	338	2	mead	mead	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	338	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	338	5	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	338	6	21	21	NUM
cjrl-14166	338	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	338	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	338	9	540	540	NUM
cjrl-14166	338	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	338	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	338	12	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	338	13	t]he	t]he	ADV
cjrl-14166	338	14	cost	cost	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	338	16	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	338	17	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	18	caused	cause	VERB
cjrl-14166	338	19	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	338	20	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	338	21	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	22	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	338	23	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	338	24	spread	spread	VERB
cjrl-14166	338	25	among	among	ADP
cjrl-14166	338	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	338	27	taxpayers	taxpayer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	28	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	338	29	benefit	benefit	VERB
cjrl-14166	338	30	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	338	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	338	32	services	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	33	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	338	34	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	35	provides	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	338	36	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	338	37	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	338	38	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	338	39	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	338	40	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	338	41	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	338	42	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	338	43	539–40	539–40	PROPN
cjrl-14166	338	44	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	338	45	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	338	46	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	338	47	approach	approach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	48	consciously	consciously	ADV
cjrl-14166	338	49	allocates	allocate	VERB
cjrl-14166	338	50	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	338	51	risk	risk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	52	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	338	53	loss	loss	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	54	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	338	55	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	338	56	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	57	creating	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	338	58	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	338	59	benefiting	benefit	VERB
cjrl-14166	338	60	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	338	61	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	338	62	activity	activity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	63	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	338	64	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	338	65	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	338	66	potential	potential	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	67	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	338	68	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	338	69	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	339	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	339	2	risk	risk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	339	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	339	4	loss	loss	NOUN
cjrl-14166	339	5	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	339	6	fall	fall	VERB
cjrl-14166	339	7	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	339	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	339	9	entrepreneur	entrepreneur	NOUN
cjrl-14166	339	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	339	11	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	339	12	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	339	13	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	339	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	339	15	best	good	ADJ
cjrl-14166	339	16	position	position	NOUN
cjrl-14166	339	17	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	339	18	prevent	prevent	VERB
cjrl-14166	339	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	339	20	loss	loss	NOUN
cjrl-14166	339	21	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	339	22	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	339	23	spread	spread	VERB
cjrl-14166	339	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	339	25	cost	cost	NOUN
cjrl-14166	339	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	339	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	339	28	loss	loss	NOUN
cjrl-14166	339	29	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	339	30	either	either	PRON
cjrl-14166	339	31	insurance	insurance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	339	32	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	339	33	higher	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	339	34	prices	price	NOUN
cjrl-14166	339	35	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	339	36	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	339	37	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	339	38	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	340	1	92	92	NUM
cjrl-14166	340	2	achtenberg	achtenberg	NOUN
cjrl-14166	340	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	340	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	340	5	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	340	6	80	80	NUM
cjrl-14166	340	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	340	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	340	9	2205–06	2205–06	NUM
cjrl-14166	340	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	340	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	340	12	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	340	13	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	340	14	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	340	15	rejected	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	340	16	community	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	340	17	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	340	18	wide	wide	ADJ
cjrl-14166	340	19	loss	loss	NOUN
cjrl-14166	340	20	sharing	sharing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	340	21	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	340	22	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	340	23	justification	justification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	340	24	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	340	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	340	26	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	340	27	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	340	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	340	29	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	340	30	community	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	340	31	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	340	32	wide	wide	ADJ
cjrl-14166	340	33	loss	loss	NOUN
cjrl-14166	340	34	sharing	sharing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	340	35	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	340	36	neither	neither	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	340	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	340	38	effect	effect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	340	39	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	340	40	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	340	41	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	340	42	nor	nor	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	340	43	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	340	44	nineteenth	nineteenth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	340	45	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	340	46	century	century	NOUN
cjrl-14166	340	47	justification	justification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	340	48	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	340	49	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	340	50	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	340	51	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	340	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	340	53	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	1	respondeat	respondeat	VERB
cjrl-14166	341	2	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	341	3	shifts	shift	NOUN
cjrl-14166	341	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	341	5	costs	cost	NOUN
cjrl-14166	341	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	341	7	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	341	8	negligence	negligence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	341	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	10	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	341	11	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	341	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	341	13	community	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	341	14	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	341	15	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	341	16	whole	whole	NOUN
cjrl-14166	341	17	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	18	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	341	19	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	341	20	suggested	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	341	21	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	22	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	23	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	24	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	25	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	26	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	341	27	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	341	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	29	monell	monell	INTJ
cjrl-14166	341	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	31	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	341	32	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	341	33	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	341	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	35	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	341	36	694	694	NUM
cjrl-14166	341	37	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	38	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	39	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	341	40	justification	justification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	341	41	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	341	42	obviously	obviously	ADV
cjrl-14166	341	43	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
cjrl-14166	341	44	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	341	45	sustain	sustain	VERB
cjrl-14166	341	46	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	341	47	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	341	48	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	341	49	perceived	perceive	VERB
cjrl-14166	341	50	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	341	51	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	341	52	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	341	53	there	there	PRON
cjrl-14166	341	54	is	be	VERB
cjrl-14166	341	55	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	341	56	reason	reason	NOUN
cjrl-14166	341	57	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	341	58	suppose	suppose	VERB
cjrl-14166	341	59	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	341	60	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	341	61	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	341	62	general	general	ADJ
cjrl-14166	341	63	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	341	64	imposed	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	341	65	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	341	66	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	341	67	similar	similar	ADJ
cjrl-14166	341	68	reason	reason	NOUN
cjrl-14166	341	69	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	341	70	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	341	71	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	341	72	thought	think	VERB
cjrl-14166	341	73	less	less	ADV
cjrl-14166	341	74	constitutionally	constitutionally	ADV
cjrl-14166	341	75	objectionable	objectionable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	341	76	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	77	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	78	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	341	79	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	342	1	93	93	NUM
cjrl-14166	342	2	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	342	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	342	4	436	436	NUM
cjrl-14166	342	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	342	6	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	342	7	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	342	8	691–95	691–95	NUM
cjrl-14166	342	9	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	342	10	1978	1978	NUM
cjrl-14166	342	11	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	342	12	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	343	1	1312	1312	NUM
cjrl-14166	343	2	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	343	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	344	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	344	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	344	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	344	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	345	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	345	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	345	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	345	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	345	5	rejecting	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	345	6	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	345	7	unnecessarily	unnecessarily	ADV
cjrl-14166	345	8	raising	raise	VERB
cjrl-14166	345	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	345	10	bar	bar	NOUN
cjrl-14166	345	11	created	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	345	12	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	345	13	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	345	14	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	345	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	346	1	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	2	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	346	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	346	5	third	third	ADJ
cjrl-14166	346	6	form	form	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	7	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	8	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	346	9	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	10	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	346	11	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	346	12	training	training	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	13	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	346	14	vaguely	vaguely	ADV
cjrl-14166	346	15	resembles	resemble	VERB
cjrl-14166	346	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	346	17	rationale	rationale	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	18	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	19	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	20	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	346	21	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	346	22	invokes	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	346	23	breach	breach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	24	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	25	warranty	warranty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	26	arguments	argument	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	27	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	346	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	346	29	fourth	fourth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	346	30	form	form	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	31	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	32	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	346	33	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	34	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	346	35	improper	improper	ADJ
cjrl-14166	346	36	hiring	hiring	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	37	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	346	38	sounds	sound	VERB
cjrl-14166	346	39	quite	quite	ADV
cjrl-14166	346	40	similar	similar	ADJ
cjrl-14166	346	41	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	42	selection	selection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	43	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	44	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	45	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	46	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	346	47	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	48	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	49	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	50	liability.94	liability.94	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	51	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	346	52	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	346	53	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	54	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	346	55	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	346	56	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	346	57	imposes	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	346	58	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	346	59	additional	additional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	346	60	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	61	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	62	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	63	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	346	64	show	show	VERB
cjrl-14166	346	65	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	346	66	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	346	67	indifference	indifference	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	68	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	346	69	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	346	70	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	71	assuming	assume	VERB
cjrl-14166	346	72	automatic	automatic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	346	73	vicarious	vicarious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	346	74	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	75	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	76	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	346	77	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	78	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	346	79	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	346	80	employment	employment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	81	relationships	relationship	NOUN
cjrl-14166	346	82	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	347	1	second	second	ADJ
cjrl-14166	347	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	347	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	347	4	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	347	5	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	6	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	347	7	aversion	aversion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	8	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	347	9	respondeat	respondeat	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	10	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	347	11	here	here	ADV
cjrl-14166	347	12	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	347	13	likely	likely	ADV
cjrl-14166	347	14	motivated	motivate	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	15	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	347	17	historical	historical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	347	18	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	19	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	347	21	time	time	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	347	23	resulting	result	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	24	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	347	26	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	27	engaging	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	28	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	29	circular	circular	ADJ
cjrl-14166	347	30	arguments	argument	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	31	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	347	32	both	both	PRON
cjrl-14166	347	33	rejected	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	34	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	347	35	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	37	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	38	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	347	39	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
cjrl-14166	347	40	adopted	adopt	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	41	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	347	42	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	347	43	well.95	well.95	PROPN
cjrl-14166	347	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	347	45	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	347	46	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	347	47	had	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	48	nothing	nothing	PRON
cjrl-14166	347	49	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	347	50	do	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	51	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	52	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	347	53	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	347	54	suits	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	55	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	347	56	begin	begin	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	57	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	58	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	347	59	instead	instead	ADV
cjrl-14166	347	60	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	347	61	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	347	62	previously	previously	ADV
cjrl-14166	347	63	discussed	discuss	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	64	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	347	65	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	347	66	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	347	67	about	about	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	68	adding	add	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	69	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	347	70	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	71	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	72	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	347	73	ku	ku	PROPN
cjrl-14166	347	74	klux	klux	PROPN
cjrl-14166	347	75	act	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	76	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	347	77	respond	respond	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	78	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	79	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	347	80	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	347	81	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	82	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	83	being	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	347	84	carried	carry	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	85	out	out	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	86	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	87	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	347	88	kkk.96	kkk.96	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	89	again	again	ADV
cjrl-14166	347	90	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	347	91	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	347	92	goal	goal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	93	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	94	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	347	95	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	96	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	347	97	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	347	98	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	99	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	347	100	community	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	101	share	share	VERB
cjrl-14166	347	102	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	347	103	losses	loss	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	104	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	105	racially	racially	ADV
cjrl-14166	347	106	motivated	motivated	ADJ
cjrl-14166	347	107	mob	mob	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	108	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	109	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	110	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	347	111	potential	potential	ADJ
cjrl-14166	347	112	deterrent	deterrent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	113	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	347	114	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	347	115	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	347	116	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	348	1	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	348	2	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	348	3	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	348	4	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	348	5	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	348	6	obviously	obviously	ADV
cjrl-14166	348	7	made	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	348	8	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	348	9	sense	sense	NOUN
cjrl-14166	348	10	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	348	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	348	12	kkk	kkk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	348	13	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	348	14	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	348	15	employed	employ	VERB
cjrl-14166	348	16	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	348	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	348	18	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	348	19	nor	nor	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	348	20	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	348	21	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	348	22	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	348	23	unit	unit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	348	24	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	348	25	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	348	26	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	348	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	348	28	so	so	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	348	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	348	30	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	348	31	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	348	32	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	348	33	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	348	34	taking	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	348	35	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	348	36	either	either	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	348	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	348	38	benefits	benefit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	348	39	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	348	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	348	41	kkk	kkk	PROPN
cjrl-14166	348	42	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	348	43	actions	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	348	44	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	348	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	348	46	liabilities	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	348	47	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	348	48	flowed	flow	VERB
cjrl-14166	348	49	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	348	50	them.97	them.97	NOUN
cjrl-14166	348	51	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
cjrl-14166	348	52	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	348	53	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	348	54	42nd	42nd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	348	55	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	348	56	voted	vote	VERB
cjrl-14166	348	57	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	348	58	94	94	NUM
cjrl-14166	348	59	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	348	60	part	part	PROPN
cjrl-14166	348	61	ii	ii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	348	62	a.3	a.3	PROPN
cjrl-14166	348	63	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	349	1	95	95	NUM
cjrl-14166	349	2	achtenberg	achtenberg	NOUN
cjrl-14166	349	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	349	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	349	5	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	349	6	80	80	NUM
cjrl-14166	349	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	349	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	349	9	2202–04	2202–04	NUM
cjrl-14166	349	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	349	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	349	12	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	349	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	349	14	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	349	15	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	349	16	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	349	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	349	18	actions	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	349	19	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	349	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	349	21	klan	klan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	349	22	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	349	23	similar	similar	ADJ
cjrl-14166	349	24	organizations	organization	NOUN
cjrl-14166	349	25	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	349	26	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	349	27	suggest	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	349	28	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	349	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	349	30	members	member	NOUN
cjrl-14166	349	31	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	349	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	349	33	forty	forty	NUM
cjrl-14166	349	34	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	349	35	second	second	NOUN
cjrl-14166	349	36	congress	congress	NOUN
cjrl-14166	349	37	rejected	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	349	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	349	39	principles	principle	NOUN
cjrl-14166	349	40	underlying	underlie	VERB
cjrl-14166	349	41	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	349	42	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	349	43	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	349	44	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	349	45	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
cjrl-14166	349	46	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	349	47	fidelity	fidelity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	349	48	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	349	49	those	those	DET
cjrl-14166	349	50	principles	principle	NOUN
cjrl-14166	349	51	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	349	52	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	349	53	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	349	54	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	350	1	96	96	NUM
cjrl-14166	350	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	350	3	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	350	4	notes	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	350	5	27–32	27–32	NUM
cjrl-14166	350	6	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	350	7	accompanying	accompany	VERB
cjrl-14166	350	8	text	text	NOUN
cjrl-14166	350	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	351	1	97	97	NUM
cjrl-14166	351	2	achtenberg	achtenberg	PROPN
cjrl-14166	351	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	351	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	351	5	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	351	6	80	80	NUM
cjrl-14166	351	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	351	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	351	9	2204	2204	NUM
cjrl-14166	351	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	351	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	351	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	351	13	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	351	14	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	351	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	351	16	klan	klan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	351	17	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	351	18	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	351	19	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	351	20	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	351	21	single	single	ADJ
cjrl-14166	351	22	unity	unity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	351	23	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	351	24	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	351	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	351	26	actions	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	351	27	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	351	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	351	29	klan	klan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	351	30	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	351	31	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	351	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	351	33	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	351	34	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	351	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	351	36	contemplation	contemplation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	351	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	351	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	351	39	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	351	40	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	351	41	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	351	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	351	43	actions	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	351	44	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	351	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	351	46	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	351	47	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	352	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	352	2	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	352	3	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	352	4	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	352	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	352	6	klan	klan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	352	7	committed	commit	VERB
cjrl-14166	352	8	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	352	9	depredations	depredation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	352	10	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	352	11	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	352	12	control	control	VERB
cjrl-14166	352	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	352	14	klan	klan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	352	15	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	352	16	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	352	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	352	18	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	352	19	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	352	20	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	352	21	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	352	22	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	352	23	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	352	24	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	352	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	352	26	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	352	27	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	352	28	neither	neither	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	352	29	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	352	30	seen	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	352	31	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	352	32	having	having	AUX
cjrl-14166	352	33	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	352	34	out	out	ADP
cjrl-14166	352	35	klan	klan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	352	36	marauders	marauder	NOUN
cjrl-14166	352	37	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	352	38	trustworthy	trustworthy	ADJ
cjrl-14166	352	39	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	352	40	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	352	41	having	having	AUX
cjrl-14166	352	42	warranted	warrant	VERB
cjrl-14166	352	43	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	352	44	good	good	ADJ
cjrl-14166	352	45	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	352	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	353	1	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	353	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	353	3	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	353	4	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	353	5	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	353	6	sought	seek	VERB
cjrl-14166	353	7	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	353	8	benefit	benefit	VERB
cjrl-14166	353	9	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	353	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	353	11	klan	klan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	353	12	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	353	13	actions	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	353	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	353	15	there	there	PRON
cjrl-14166	353	16	was	be	VERB
cjrl-14166	353	17	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	353	18	reciprocity	reciprocity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	353	19	justification	justification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	353	20	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	353	21	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	353	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	353	23	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	353	24	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	353	25	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	353	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	353	27	klan	klan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	353	28	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	353	29	misdeeds	misdeed	NOUN
cjrl-14166	353	30	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	353	31	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	353	32	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	353	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	354	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	354	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	354	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	354	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	6	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	7	1313	1313	NUM
cjrl-14166	354	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	354	9	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	354	10	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	354	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	354	12	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	354	13	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	354	14	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	15	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	354	16	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	354	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	354	18	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	19	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	354	20	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	354	21	liability.98	liability.98	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	22	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
cjrl-14166	354	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	354	24	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	354	25	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	354	26	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	27	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	354	28	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	354	29	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	30	appeal	appeal	VERB
cjrl-14166	354	31	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	354	32	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	33	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	354	34	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	35	relationships	relationship	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	36	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	354	37	fall	fall	VERB
cjrl-14166	354	38	squarely	squarely	ADV
cjrl-14166	354	39	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	354	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	354	41	definition	definition	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	42	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	354	43	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	44	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	354	45	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	354	46	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	354	47	entirely	entirely	ADV
cjrl-14166	354	48	unrelated	unrelated	ADJ
cjrl-14166	354	49	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	354	50	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	354	51	goals	goal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	354	52	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	354	53	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	354	54	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	354	55	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	354	56	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	355	1	thus	thus	ADV
cjrl-14166	355	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	355	3	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	355	4	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	355	5	attempting	attempt	VERB
cjrl-14166	355	6	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	355	7	correct	correct	VERB
cjrl-14166	355	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	355	9	monroe	monroe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	355	10	court	court	PROPN
cjrl-14166	355	11	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	355	12	improper	improper	ADJ
cjrl-14166	355	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	355	14	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	355	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	355	16	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	355	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	355	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	355	19	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	355	20	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	355	21	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	355	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	355	23	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	355	24	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	355	25	engaged	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	355	26	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	355	27	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	355	28	own	own	ADJ
cjrl-14166	355	29	flawed	flawed	ADJ
cjrl-14166	355	30	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	355	31	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	355	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	355	33	congressional	congressional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	355	34	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	355	35	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	356	1	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	356	2	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	356	3	remains	remain	VERB
cjrl-14166	356	4	perfectly	perfectly	ADV
cjrl-14166	356	5	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	356	6	line	line	NOUN
cjrl-14166	356	7	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	356	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	356	9	purpose	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	356	10	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	356	11	function	function	NOUN
cjrl-14166	356	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	356	13	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	356	14	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	356	15	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	356	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	357	1	2	2	X
cjrl-14166	357	2	.	.	X
cjrl-14166	357	3	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	357	4	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	357	5	four	four	NUM
cjrl-14166	357	6	approaches	approach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	357	7	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	357	8	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	357	9	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	357	10	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	357	11	unusually	unusually	ADV
cjrl-14166	357	12	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	357	13	standard	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	357	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	357	15	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	357	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	357	17	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	357	18	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	357	19	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	357	20	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	357	21	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	357	22	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	357	23	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	357	24	simply	simply	ADV
cjrl-14166	357	25	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	357	26	matter	matter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	357	27	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	357	28	semantics	semantic	NOUN
cjrl-14166	357	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	358	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	358	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	358	3	language	language	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	358	6	pathways	pathway	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	7	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	8	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	9	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	10	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	11	mimicking	mimic	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	12	some	some	PRON
cjrl-14166	358	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	358	15	rationale	rationale	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	16	behind	behind	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	17	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	18	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	358	20	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	21	rejecting	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	358	23	foundational	foundational	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	24	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	358	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	358	27	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	358	28	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	29	created	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	30	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	358	31	impossibly	impossibly	ADV
cjrl-14166	358	32	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	33	standard	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	358	35	rendering	render	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	358	37	idea	idea	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	38	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	39	institutional	institutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	40	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	41	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	42	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	43	illusory	illusory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	44	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	358	45	subverting	subvert	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	46	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	358	47	entire	entire	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	48	purpose	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	49	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	50	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	358	51	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	52	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	358	53	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	54	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	55	monroe.99	monroe.99	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	56	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	57	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	358	58	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	59	already	already	ADV
cjrl-14166	358	60	face	face	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	61	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	358	62	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	63	burden	burden	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	64	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	358	65	lodged	lodge	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	66	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	67	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	68	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	69	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	70	due	due	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	71	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	72	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	73	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	74	protections	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	75	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	76	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	77	officials.100	officials.100	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	78	success	success	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	79	rates	rate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	80	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	358	81	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	358	82	lower	low	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	83	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	358	84	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	358	85	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	86	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	87	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	358	88	made	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	89	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	90	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	358	91	institution	institution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	92	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	358	93	employs	employ	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	94	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	358	95	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	96	official	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	97	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	358	98	leaving	leave	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	99	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	100	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	101	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	358	102	recourse	recourse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	103	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	104	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	358	105	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	358	106	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	107	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	358	108	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	109	suffered.101	suffered.101	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	110	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	111	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	112	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	358	113	98	98	NUM
cjrl-14166	358	114	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	358	115	d.	d.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	116	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	117	2204	2204	NUM
cjrl-14166	358	118	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	358	119	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	358	120	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	358	121	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	358	122	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	358	123	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	358	124	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	358	125	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	358	126	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	358	127	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	358	128	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	358	129	imply	imply	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	130	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	358	131	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	358	132	rejected	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	358	133	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	358	134	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	358	135	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	359	1	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	359	2	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	359	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	360	1	instead	instead	ADV
cjrl-14166	360	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	360	3	belief	belief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	360	4	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	360	5	those	those	DET
cjrl-14166	360	6	rationales	rationale	NOUN
cjrl-14166	360	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	360	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	360	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	361	1	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	361	2	logically	logically	ADV
cjrl-14166	361	3	lead	lead	VERB
cjrl-14166	361	4	nineteenth	nineteenth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	361	5	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	361	6	century	century	NOUN
cjrl-14166	361	7	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	361	8	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	361	9	legislators	legislator	NOUN
cjrl-14166	361	10	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	361	11	vote	vote	VERB
cjrl-14166	361	12	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	361	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	361	14	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	361	15	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	361	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	361	17	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	361	18	favor	favor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	361	19	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	361	20	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	361	21	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	361	22	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	361	23	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	362	1	each	each	PRON
cjrl-14166	362	2	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	362	3	those	those	DET
cjrl-14166	362	4	rationales	rationale	NOUN
cjrl-14166	362	5	supported	support	VERB
cjrl-14166	362	6	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	362	7	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	362	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	362	9	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	362	10	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	362	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	362	12	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	362	13	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	363	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	363	2	sherman	sherman	PROPN
cjrl-14166	363	3	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	363	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	363	5	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	363	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	363	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	364	1	99	99	NUM
cjrl-14166	364	2	mead	mead	NOUN
cjrl-14166	364	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	364	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	364	5	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	364	6	21	21	NUM
cjrl-14166	364	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	364	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	364	9	536	536	NUM
cjrl-14166	364	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	364	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	364	12	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	364	13	rejecting	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	364	14	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	364	15	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	364	16	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	364	17	favor	favor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	364	18	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	364	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	364	20	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	364	21	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	364	22	custom	custom	NOUN
cjrl-14166	364	23	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	364	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	364	25	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	364	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	364	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	364	28	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	364	29	greatly	greatly	ADV
cjrl-14166	364	30	limited	limit	VERB
cjrl-14166	364	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	364	32	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	364	33	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	364	34	some	some	DET
cjrl-14166	364	35	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	364	36	completely	completely	ADV
cjrl-14166	364	37	eliminated	eliminate	VERB
cjrl-14166	364	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	364	39	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	364	40	availability	availability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	364	41	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	364	42	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	364	43	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	364	44	remedies	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	364	45	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	364	46	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	364	47	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	364	48	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	365	1	100	100	NUM
cjrl-14166	365	2	schwartz	schwartz	NOUN
cjrl-14166	365	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	365	4	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	365	5	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	365	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	365	7	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	365	8	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	365	9	6	6	NUM
cjrl-14166	365	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	365	11	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	365	12	1230	1230	NUM
cjrl-14166	365	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	365	14	2023	2023	NUM
cjrl-14166	365	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	365	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	365	17	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	365	18	indeed	indeed	ADV
cjrl-14166	365	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	365	20	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	365	21	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	365	22	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	365	23	entitled	entitle	VERB
cjrl-14166	365	24	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	365	25	absolute	absolute	ADJ
cjrl-14166	365	26	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	365	27	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	365	28	unconstitutional	unconstitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	365	29	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	365	30	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	365	31	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	365	32	appear	appear	VERB
cjrl-14166	365	33	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	365	34	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	365	35	witness	witness	NOUN
cjrl-14166	365	36	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	365	37	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	365	38	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	365	39	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	366	1	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	366	2	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	366	3	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	366	4	official	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	366	5	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	366	6	protected	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	366	7	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	366	8	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	366	9	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	366	10	absolute	absolute	ADJ
cjrl-14166	366	11	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	366	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	366	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	366	14	only	only	ADJ
cjrl-14166	366	15	way	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	366	16	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	366	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	366	18	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	366	19	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	366	20	recover	recover	VERB
cjrl-14166	366	21	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	366	22	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	366	23	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	366	24	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	366	25	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	366	26	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	366	27	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	366	28	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	366	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	366	30	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	366	31	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	366	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	367	1	101	101	NUM
cjrl-14166	367	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	367	3	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	367	4	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	367	5	98	98	NUM
cjrl-14166	367	6	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	367	7	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	367	8	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	367	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	367	10	katelyn	katelyn	PROPN
cjrl-14166	367	11	elrod	elrod	PROPN
cjrl-14166	367	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	367	13	nancy	nancy	PROPN
cjrl-14166	367	14	leong	leong	PROPN
cjrl-14166	367	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	367	16	matthew	matthew	PROPN
cjrl-14166	367	17	nilsen	nilsen	PROPN
cjrl-14166	367	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	367	19	pleading	plead	VERB
cjrl-14166	367	20	failures	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	367	21	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	367	22	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	367	23	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	367	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	367	25	73	73	NUM
cjrl-14166	367	26	emory	emory	PROPN
cjrl-14166	367	27	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	367	28	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	367	29	801	801	NUM
cjrl-14166	367	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	367	31	823	823	NUM
cjrl-14166	367	32	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	367	33	2024	2024	NUM
cjrl-14166	367	34	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	367	35	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	367	36	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	367	37	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	367	38	o]ur	o]ur	NUM
cjrl-14166	367	39	research	research	NOUN
cjrl-14166	367	40	shows	show	VERB
cjrl-14166	367	41	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	367	42	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	367	43	usually	usually	ADV
cjrl-14166	367	44	lose	lose	VERB
cjrl-14166	367	45	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	367	46	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	367	47	1314	1314	NUM
cjrl-14166	367	48	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	367	49	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	368	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	368	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	368	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	368	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	369	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	369	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	369	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	369	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	369	5	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	369	6	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	369	7	somewhat	somewhat	ADV
cjrl-14166	369	8	obvious	obvious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	369	9	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	369	10	clearcut	clearcut	VERB
cjrl-14166	369	11	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	369	12	there	there	PRON
cjrl-14166	369	13	is	be	VERB
cjrl-14166	369	14	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	369	15	statutorily	statutorily	ADV
cjrl-14166	369	16	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	369	17	evidenced	evidence	VERB
cjrl-14166	369	18	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	369	19	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	369	20	behind	behind	ADP
cjrl-14166	369	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	369	22	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	369	23	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	369	24	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	369	25	form	form	VERB
cjrl-14166	369	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	369	27	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	369	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	369	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	369	30	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	369	31	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	369	32	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	369	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	370	1	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	370	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	370	3	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	370	4	there	there	PRON
cjrl-14166	370	5	is	be	VERB
cjrl-14166	370	6	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	370	7	written	write	VERB
cjrl-14166	370	8	unconstitutional	unconstitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	370	9	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	10	establishing	establish	VERB
cjrl-14166	370	11	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	370	12	obvious	obvious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	370	13	link	link	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	14	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	370	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	370	16	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	370	18	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	19	rarely	rarely	ADV
cjrl-14166	370	20	succeed	succeed	VERB
cjrl-14166	370	21	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	370	22	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	23	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	370	24	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	25	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	370	26	proving	prove	VERB
cjrl-14166	370	27	governmental	governmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	370	28	custom	custom	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	370	30	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	370	31	training	training	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	370	33	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	370	34	improper	improper	ADJ
cjrl-14166	370	35	hiring.102	hiring.102	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	36	without	without	ADP
cjrl-14166	370	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	370	38	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	370	39	indifference	indifference	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	40	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	41	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	370	42	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	370	43	example	example	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	44	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	370	45	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	370	46	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	370	47	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	370	48	argued	argue	VERB
cjrl-14166	370	49	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	370	50	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	370	51	time	time	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	52	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	370	53	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	54	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	370	55	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	56	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	57	acts	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	370	58	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	370	59	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	370	60	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	370	61	scope	scope	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	62	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	370	63	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	370	64	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	370	65	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	370	66	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	67	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	370	68	vested	vest	VERB
cjrl-14166	370	69	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	370	70	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	370	71	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	370	72	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	371	1	[	[	AUX
cjrl-14166	371	2	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	371	3	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	371	4	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	371	5	implementing	implement	VERB
cjrl-14166	371	6	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	371	7	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	371	8	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	371	9	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	371	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	371	11	”103	”103	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	372	1	instead	instead	ADV
cjrl-14166	372	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	372	3	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	372	4	dismiss	dismiss	VERB
cjrl-14166	372	5	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	372	6	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	372	7	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	372	8	lacking	lack	VERB
cjrl-14166	372	9	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	372	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	372	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	372	12	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	372	13	indifference	indifference	NOUN
cjrl-14166	372	14	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	372	15	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	372	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	372	17	arguably	arguably	ADV
cjrl-14166	372	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	372	19	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	372	20	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	372	21	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	372	22	exist	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	372	23	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	373	1	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	373	2	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	373	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	373	5	code	code	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	373	7	silence	silence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	8	amongst	amongst	ADP
cjrl-14166	373	9	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	10	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	11	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	373	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	373	13	very	very	ADJ
cjrl-14166	373	14	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	15	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	373	16	shows	show	VERB
cjrl-14166	373	17	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	373	18	indifference	indifference	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	19	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	373	20	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	21	’	’	PART
cjrl-14166	373	22	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	373	23	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	24	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	373	25	actively	actively	ADV
cjrl-14166	373	26	prevents	prevent	VERB
cjrl-14166	373	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	373	28	collection	collection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	373	30	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	31	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	373	32	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	373	33	pattern	pattern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	34	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	373	35	practice	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	373	37	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	373	38	behavior.104	behavior.104	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	39	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	373	40	code	code	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	41	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	373	42	silence	silence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	43	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	373	44	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	373	45	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	373	46	unspoken	unspoken	ADJ
cjrl-14166	373	47	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	373	48	inviolable	inviolable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	373	49	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	373	50	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	373	51	claims	claim	VERB
cjrl-14166	373	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	373	53	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	373	54	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	373	55	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	374	2	i]n	i]n	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	3	many	many	ADJ
cjrl-14166	374	4	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	374	5	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	6	pled	plead	VERB
cjrl-14166	374	7	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	8	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	374	9	egregious	egregious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	374	10	facts	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	12	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	13	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	374	14	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
cjrl-14166	374	15	ruled	rule	VERB
cjrl-14166	374	16	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	374	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	374	18	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	20	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	21	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	22	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	23	schwartz	schwartz	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	25	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	374	26	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	28	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	374	29	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	30	6	6	NUM
cjrl-14166	374	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	32	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	374	33	1230	1230	NUM
cjrl-14166	374	34	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	35	2023	2023	NUM
cjrl-14166	374	36	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	37	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	38	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	39	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	374	40	i]t	i]t	X
cjrl-14166	374	41	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	374	42	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	374	43	difficult	difficult	ADJ
cjrl-14166	374	44	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	374	45	prevail	prevail	VERB
cjrl-14166	374	46	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	374	47	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	374	48	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	49	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	374	50	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	374	51	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	52	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	374	53	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	374	54	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	55	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	374	56	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	57	brought	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	374	58	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	374	59	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	374	60	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	374	61	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	62	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	374	63	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	375	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	376	1	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	376	2	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	376	3	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	376	4	far	far	ADV
cjrl-14166	376	5	less	less	ADV
cjrl-14166	376	6	likely	likely	ADJ
cjrl-14166	376	7	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	376	8	go	go	VERB
cjrl-14166	376	9	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	376	10	trial	trial	NOUN
cjrl-14166	376	11	than	than	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	376	12	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	376	13	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	376	14	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	376	15	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	376	16	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	376	17	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	376	18	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	376	19	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	376	20	whole	whole	NOUN
cjrl-14166	376	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	376	22	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	376	23	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	376	24	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	377	1	102	102	NUM
cjrl-14166	377	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	377	3	fred	fred	PROPN
cjrl-14166	377	4	smith	smith	PROPN
cjrl-14166	377	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	377	6	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	377	7	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	377	8	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	377	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	377	10	116	116	NUM
cjrl-14166	377	11	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	377	12	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	378	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	378	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	378	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	378	4	409	409	NUM
cjrl-14166	378	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	378	6	416	416	NUM
cjrl-14166	378	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	378	8	2016	2016	NUM
cjrl-14166	378	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	378	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	378	11	comparing	compare	VERB
cjrl-14166	378	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	378	13	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	378	14	bar	bar	NOUN
cjrl-14166	378	15	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	378	16	proving	prove	VERB
cjrl-14166	378	17	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	378	18	causation	causation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	378	19	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	378	20	monell	monell	PRON
cjrl-14166	378	21	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	378	22	de	de	X
cjrl-14166	378	23	facto	facto	X
cjrl-14166	378	24	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	378	25	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	378	26	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	378	27	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	378	28	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	378	29	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	378	30	lack	lack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	378	31	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	378	32	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	378	33	standing	standing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	378	34	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	378	35	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	378	36	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	378	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	378	38	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	378	39	causation	causation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	378	40	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	378	41	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	378	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	378	43	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	378	44	immunities	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	378	45	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	378	46	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	378	47	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	378	48	receive	receive	VERB
cjrl-14166	378	49	render	render	VERB
cjrl-14166	378	50	specific	specific	ADJ
cjrl-14166	378	51	classes	class	NOUN
cjrl-14166	378	52	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	378	53	governmental	governmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	378	54	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	378	55	insusceptible	insusceptible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	378	56	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	378	57	suit	suit	VERB
cjrl-14166	378	58	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	378	59	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	378	60	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	378	61	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	1	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	379	2	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	379	3	what	what	PRON
cjrl-14166	379	4	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	379	5	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	379	6	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	8	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	9	katelyn	katelyn	PROPN
cjrl-14166	379	10	elrod	elrod	PROPN
cjrl-14166	379	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	12	nancy	nancy	PROPN
cjrl-14166	379	13	leong	leong	PROPN
cjrl-14166	379	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	15	matthew	matthew	PROPN
cjrl-14166	379	16	nilsen	nilsen	PROPN
cjrl-14166	379	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	18	pleading	plead	VERB
cjrl-14166	379	19	failures	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	379	20	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	379	21	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	379	22	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	379	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	24	73	73	NUM
cjrl-14166	379	25	emory	emory	PROPN
cjrl-14166	379	26	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	379	27	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	379	28	801	801	NUM
cjrl-14166	379	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	30	823	823	NUM
cjrl-14166	379	31	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	32	2024	2024	NUM
cjrl-14166	379	33	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	34	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	35	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	379	36	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	379	37	significant	significant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	379	38	majority	majority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	379	39	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	379	40	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	379	41	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	379	42	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	379	43	satisfy	satisfy	VERB
cjrl-14166	379	44	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	379	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	379	46	elements	element	NOUN
cjrl-14166	379	47	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	379	48	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	379	49	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	379	50	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	379	51	theories	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	379	52	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	379	53	raised	raise	VERB
cjrl-14166	379	54	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	380	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	380	2	result	result	NOUN
cjrl-14166	380	3	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	380	4	especially	especially	ADV
cjrl-14166	380	5	notable	notable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	380	6	given	give	VERB
cjrl-14166	380	7	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	380	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	380	9	standard	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	380	10	we	we	PRON
cjrl-14166	380	11	used	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	380	12	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	380	13	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
cjrl-14166	380	14	element	element	NOUN
cjrl-14166	380	15	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	380	16	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	380	17	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	380	18	lenient	lenient	ADJ
cjrl-14166	380	19	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	380	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	380	21	iqbal	iqbal	PROPN
cjrl-14166	380	22	standard	standard	PROPN
cjrl-14166	380	23	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	380	24	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	380	25	face	face	VERB
cjrl-14166	380	26	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	380	27	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	380	28	motion	motion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	380	29	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	380	30	dismiss	dismiss	VERB
cjrl-14166	380	31	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	380	32	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	380	33	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	380	34	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	381	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	3	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cjrl-14166	381	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	5	connick	connick	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	6	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	381	7	thompson	thompson	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	9	563	563	NUM
cjrl-14166	381	10	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	11	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	12	51	51	NUM
cjrl-14166	381	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	14	62	62	NUM
cjrl-14166	381	15	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	16	2011	2011	NUM
cjrl-14166	381	17	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	18	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	19	finding	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	381	20	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	381	21	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	381	22	pattern	pattern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	381	23	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	381	24	brady	brady	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	25	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	381	26	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	381	27	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	381	28	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	381	29	department	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	381	30	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	381	31	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	381	32	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
cjrl-14166	381	33	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	381	34	meet	meet	VERB
cjrl-14166	381	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	381	36	monell	monell	ADJ
cjrl-14166	381	37	standard	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	381	38	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	381	39	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	381	40	pattern	pattern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	381	41	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	381	42	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	381	43	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	381	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	381	45	same	same	ADJ
cjrl-14166	381	46	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	381	47	similar	similar	ADJ
cjrl-14166	381	48	types	type	NOUN
cjrl-14166	381	49	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	381	50	brady	brady	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	51	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	381	52	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	53	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	54	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	381	55	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	381	56	canton	canton	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	57	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	58	ohio	ohio	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	59	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	60	harris	harris	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	61	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	62	489	489	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	63	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	64	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	381	65	378	378	NUM
cjrl-14166	381	66	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	67	390–91	390–91	NUM
cjrl-14166	381	68	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	69	1989	1989	NUM
cjrl-14166	381	70	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	71	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	72	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	73	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	381	74	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	381	75	particular	particular	ADJ
cjrl-14166	381	76	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	381	77	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	381	78	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	381	79	unsatisfactorily	unsatisfactorily	ADV
cjrl-14166	381	80	trained	train	VERB
cjrl-14166	381	81	will	will	AUX
cjrl-14166	381	82	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	381	83	alone	alone	ADV
cjrl-14166	381	84	suffice	suffice	VERB
cjrl-14166	381	85	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	381	86	fasten	fasten	VERB
cjrl-14166	381	87	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	381	88	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	381	89	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	381	90	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	381	91	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	92	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	93	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	381	94	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	1	neither	neither	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	382	2	will	will	AUX
cjrl-14166	382	3	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	382	4	suffice	suffice	VERB
cjrl-14166	382	5	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	382	6	prove	prove	VERB
cjrl-14166	382	7	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	382	8	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	382	9	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	10	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	382	11	accident	accident	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	12	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	382	13	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	382	14	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	382	15	avoided	avoid	VERB
cjrl-14166	382	16	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	382	17	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	382	18	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	19	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	382	20	had	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	382	21	better	well	ADJ
cjrl-14166	382	22	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	382	23	more	more	ADJ
cjrl-14166	382	24	training	training	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	26	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	27	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	28	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	29	waller	waller	PROPN
cjrl-14166	382	30	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	382	31	city	city	PROPN
cjrl-14166	382	32	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	382	33	cnt	cnt	PROPN
cjrl-14166	382	34	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	382	35	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	382	36	denver	denver	PROPN
cjrl-14166	382	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	38	932	932	NUM
cjrl-14166	382	39	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cjrl-14166	382	40	1277	1277	NUM
cjrl-14166	382	41	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	42	1290–91	1290–91	NUM
cjrl-14166	382	43	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	44	10th	10th	ADJ
cjrl-14166	382	45	cir	cir	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	46	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	382	47	2019	2019	NUM
cjrl-14166	382	48	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	49	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	50	rejecting	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	382	51	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	382	52	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	53	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	54	after	after	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	382	55	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	382	56	deputy	deputy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	57	sheriff	sheriff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	58	threw	throw	VERB
cjrl-14166	382	59	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	382	60	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	61	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	382	62	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	382	63	glass	glass	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	64	wall	wall	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	65	without	without	ADP
cjrl-14166	382	66	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	382	67	provocation	provocation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	68	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	69	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	70	perkins	perkins	PROPN
cjrl-14166	382	71	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	382	72	hastings	hastings	PROPN
cjrl-14166	382	73	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	74	915	915	NUM
cjrl-14166	382	75	f.3d	f.3d	NUM
cjrl-14166	382	76	512	512	NUM
cjrl-14166	382	77	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	78	523	523	NUM
cjrl-14166	382	79	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	80	8th	8th	ADJ
cjrl-14166	382	81	cir	cir	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	82	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	382	83	2019	2019	NUM
cjrl-14166	382	84	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	85	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	86	rejecting	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	382	87	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	382	88	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	89	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	90	after	after	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	382	91	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	382	92	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	93	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	94	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	382	95	several	several	ADJ
cjrl-14166	382	96	prior	prior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	382	97	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	382	98	records	record	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	99	shot	shoot	VERB
cjrl-14166	382	100	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	382	101	killed	kill	VERB
cjrl-14166	382	102	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	382	103	fifteen	fifteen	NUM
cjrl-14166	382	104	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	105	year	year	NOUN
cjrl-14166	382	106	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	107	old	old	ADJ
cjrl-14166	382	108	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	382	109	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	383	1	103	103	NUM
cjrl-14166	383	2	fred	fred	PROPN
cjrl-14166	383	3	smith	smith	PROPN
cjrl-14166	383	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	383	5	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	383	6	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	383	7	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	383	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	383	9	116	116	NUM
cjrl-14166	383	10	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	383	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	384	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	384	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	384	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	384	4	409	409	NUM
cjrl-14166	384	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	384	6	433	433	NUM
cjrl-14166	384	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	384	8	2016	2016	NUM
cjrl-14166	384	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	384	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	385	1	104	104	NUM
cjrl-14166	385	2	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	385	3	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	385	4	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	5	involving	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	385	6	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	385	7	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	385	8	man	man	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	9	choked	choke	VERB
cjrl-14166	385	10	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	385	11	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	385	12	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	13	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	14	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	385	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	385	16	bronx	bronx	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	385	18	several	several	ADJ
cjrl-14166	385	19	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	20	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	21	met	meet	VERB
cjrl-14166	385	22	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	385	23	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	385	24	parking	parking	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	25	lot	lot	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	26	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	385	27	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	385	28	fabricate	fabricate	VERB
cjrl-14166	385	29	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	385	30	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	385	31	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	385	32	cover	cover	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	33	story	story	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	385	35	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	385	36	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	385	37	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	385	38	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	39	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	385	40	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	385	41	come	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	385	42	forward	forward	ADV
cjrl-14166	385	43	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	385	44	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	385	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	385	46	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	47	received	receive	VERB
cjrl-14166	385	48	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	385	49	backup	backup	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	50	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	385	51	her	her	PRON
cjrl-14166	385	52	colleagues	colleague	NOUN
cjrl-14166	385	53	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	386	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	386	2	barry	barry	PROPN
cjrl-14166	386	3	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	386	4	scheck	scheck	PROPN
cjrl-14166	386	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	386	6	practising	practise	VERB
cjrl-14166	386	7	law	law	PROPN
cjrl-14166	386	8	institute	institute	PROPN
cjrl-14166	386	9	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	386	10	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	386	11	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	386	12	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	386	13	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	386	14	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	386	15	symposium	symposium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	386	16	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	386	17	criminal	criminal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	386	18	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	386	19	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	386	20	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	386	21	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	386	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	386	23	16	16	NUM
cjrl-14166	386	24	touro	touro	PROPN
cjrl-14166	386	25	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	386	26	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	386	27	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	386	28	895	895	NUM
cjrl-14166	386	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	386	30	909–10	909–10	NUM
cjrl-14166	386	31	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	386	32	2000	2000	NUM
cjrl-14166	386	33	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	386	34	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	386	35	discussing	discuss	VERB
cjrl-14166	386	36	united	united	PROPN
cjrl-14166	386	37	states	states	PROPN
cjrl-14166	386	38	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	386	39	livoti	livoti	PROPN
cjrl-14166	386	40	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	386	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	386	42	code	code	NOUN
cjrl-14166	386	43	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	386	44	silence	silence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	386	45	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	386	46	exists	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	386	47	amongst	amongst	ADP
cjrl-14166	386	48	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	386	49	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	386	50	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	386	51	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	387	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	387	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	387	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	387	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	387	7	1315	1315	NUM
cjrl-14166	387	8	obligate[s	obligate[s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	387	9	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	387	10	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	11	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	387	12	refrain	refrain	VERB
cjrl-14166	387	13	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	387	14	snitching	snitch	VERB
cjrl-14166	387	15	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	387	16	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	387	17	another”105	another”105	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	18	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	387	19	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	387	20	very	very	ADV
cjrl-14166	387	21	real	real	ADJ
cjrl-14166	387	22	practice	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	23	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	387	24	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	25	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	387	27	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	387	28	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	29	like	like	ADP
cjrl-14166	387	30	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	387	31	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	387	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	387	33	2014	2014	NUM
cjrl-14166	387	34	murder	murder	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	35	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	387	36	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	387	37	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	387	38	teenager	teenager	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	39	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	387	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	387	41	hands	hand	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	42	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	387	43	chicago	chicago	PROPN
cjrl-14166	387	44	pd	pd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	387	45	exemplify	exemplify	VERB
cjrl-14166	387	46	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	387	47	horrific	horrific	ADJ
cjrl-14166	387	48	ways	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	49	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	387	50	code	code	NOUN
cjrl-14166	387	51	permeates	permeate	VERB
cjrl-14166	387	52	policing	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	387	53	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	388	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	388	2	late	late	ADJ
cjrl-14166	388	3	2014	2014	NUM
cjrl-14166	388	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	388	5	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	388	6	jason	jason	PROPN
cjrl-14166	388	7	van	van	PROPN
cjrl-14166	388	8	dyke	dyke	NOUN
cjrl-14166	388	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	388	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	388	11	chicago	chicago	PROPN
cjrl-14166	388	12	pd	pd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	388	13	fired	fire	VERB
cjrl-14166	388	14	sixteen	sixteen	NUM
cjrl-14166	388	15	shots	shot	NOUN
cjrl-14166	388	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	388	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	388	18	maximum	maximum	ADJ
cjrl-14166	388	19	capacity	capacity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	388	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	388	21	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	388	22	semiautomatic	semiautomatic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	388	23	weapon	weapon	NOUN
cjrl-14166	388	24	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	388	25	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	388	26	laquan	laquan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	388	27	macdonald	macdonald	PROPN
cjrl-14166	388	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	388	29	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	388	30	17	17	NUM
cjrl-14166	388	31	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	388	32	year	year	NOUN
cjrl-14166	388	33	old	old	ADJ
cjrl-14166	388	34	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	388	35	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	388	36	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	388	37	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	388	38	15	15	NUM
cjrl-14166	388	39	seconds	second	NOUN
cjrl-14166	388	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	389	1	laquan	laquan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	389	2	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	389	3	hit	hit	VERB
cjrl-14166	389	4	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	389	5	at	at	ADV
cjrl-14166	389	6	least	least	ADV
cjrl-14166	389	7	15	15	NUM
cjrl-14166	389	8	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	389	9	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	389	10	shots	shot	NOUN
cjrl-14166	389	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	389	12	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	389	13	about	about	ADV
cjrl-14166	389	14	9	9	NUM
cjrl-14166	389	15	entering	enter	VERB
cjrl-14166	389	16	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	389	17	back	back	NOUN
cjrl-14166	389	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	390	1	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	390	2	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	390	3	pronounced	pronounce	VERB
cjrl-14166	390	4	dead	dead	ADJ
cjrl-14166	390	5	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	390	6	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	390	7	hour	hour	NOUN
cjrl-14166	390	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	391	1	according	accord	VERB
cjrl-14166	391	2	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	391	3	van	van	PROPN
cjrl-14166	391	4	dyke	dyke	PROPN
cjrl-14166	391	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	391	6	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	391	7	fired	fire	VERB
cjrl-14166	391	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	391	9	laquan	laquan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	391	10	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	391	11	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	391	12	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	391	13	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	391	14	fearing	fear	VERB
cjrl-14166	391	15	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	391	16	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	391	17	life	life	NOUN
cjrl-14166	391	18	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	391	19	after	after	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	391	20	laquan	laquan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	391	21	allegedly	allegedly	ADV
cjrl-14166	391	22	refused	refuse	VERB
cjrl-14166	391	23	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	391	24	commands	command	NOUN
cjrl-14166	391	25	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	391	26	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	391	27	continued	continue	VERB
cjrl-14166	391	28	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	391	29	approach	approach	VERB
cjrl-14166	391	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	391	31	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	391	32	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	391	33	still	still	ADV
cjrl-14166	391	34	armed	arm	VERB
cjrl-14166	391	35	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	391	36	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	391	37	knife	knife	NOUN
cjrl-14166	391	38	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	392	1	”106	”106	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	393	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	393	2	story	story	NOUN
cjrl-14166	393	3	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	393	4	reiterated	reiterate	VERB
cjrl-14166	393	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	393	6	confirmed	confirm	VERB
cjrl-14166	393	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	393	8	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	393	9	validated	validate	VERB
cjrl-14166	393	10	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	393	11	van	van	PROPN
cjrl-14166	393	12	dyke	dyke	PROPN
cjrl-14166	393	13	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	393	14	fellow	fellow	ADJ
cjrl-14166	393	15	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	393	16	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	393	17	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	393	18	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	393	19	tactical	tactical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	393	20	response	response	NOUN
cjrl-14166	393	21	reports	report	NOUN
cjrl-14166	393	22	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	393	23	filled	fill	VERB
cjrl-14166	393	24	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	393	25	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	393	26	jargon	jargon	NOUN
cjrl-14166	393	27	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	393	28	glazed	glaze	VERB
cjrl-14166	393	29	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	393	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	393	31	facts	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	393	32	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	393	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	393	34	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	393	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	393	36	media	medium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	393	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	393	38	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	393	39	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	393	40	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	393	41	spokesman	spokesman	NOUN
cjrl-14166	393	42	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	393	43	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	393	44	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	393	45	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	393	46	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	394	1	union,107	union,107	PROPN
cjrl-14166	394	2	justifying	justify	VERB
cjrl-14166	394	3	van	van	PROPN
cjrl-14166	394	4	dyke	dyke	PROPN
cjrl-14166	394	5	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	394	6	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cjrl-14166	394	7	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	394	8	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	394	9	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	394	10	permissible	permissible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	394	11	use	use	NOUN
cjrl-14166	394	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	394	13	deadly	deadly	ADJ
cjrl-14166	394	14	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	394	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	395	1	”108	”108	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	1	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	396	2	one	one	PRON
cjrl-14166	396	3	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	396	4	disprove	disprove	VERB
cjrl-14166	396	5	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	396	6	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	7	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	396	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	396	9	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	396	10	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	11	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	396	12	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	13	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	14	kept	keep	VERB
cjrl-14166	396	15	dashcam	dashcam	VERB
cjrl-14166	396	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	396	17	bodycam	bodycam	VERB
cjrl-14166	396	18	footage	footage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	19	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	396	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	396	21	killing	killing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	22	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	396	23	lock	lock	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	24	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	396	25	key	key	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	26	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	396	27	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	396	28	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	396	29	outrage	outrage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	30	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	396	31	laquan	laquan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	396	32	’s	’s	AUX
cjrl-14166	396	33	death.109	death.109	VERB
cjrl-14166	396	34	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	396	35	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	396	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	396	37	footage	footage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	38	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	396	39	finally	finally	ADV
cjrl-14166	396	40	released	release	VERB
cjrl-14166	396	41	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	396	42	year	year	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	43	later	later	ADV
cjrl-14166	396	44	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	396	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	396	46	command	command	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	47	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	396	48	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	396	49	county	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	50	judge	judge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	51	did	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	396	52	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	396	53	public	public	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	54	finally	finally	ADV
cjrl-14166	396	55	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	396	56	proof	proof	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	57	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	396	58	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	396	59	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	60	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	61	’	’	PART
cjrl-14166	396	62	stories	story	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	63	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	396	64	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	396	65	complete	complete	ADJ
cjrl-14166	396	66	fabrication	fabrication	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	67	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	396	68	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	396	69	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	396	70	accusation	accusation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	71	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	396	72	ignored	ignore	VERB
cjrl-14166	396	73	verbal	verbal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	396	74	commands	command	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	75	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	396	76	laquan	laquan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	396	77	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	396	78	alleged	allege	VERB
cjrl-14166	396	79	knife	knife	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	80	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	396	81	wielding	wield	VERB
cjrl-14166	396	82	lunge	lunge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	83	towards	towards	ADP
cjrl-14166	396	84	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	396	85	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	86	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	396	87	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	396	88	105	105	NUM
cjrl-14166	396	89	adam	adam	PROPN
cjrl-14166	396	90	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	396	91	smith	smith	PROPN
cjrl-14166	396	92	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	396	93	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	94	reform	reform	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	95	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	396	96	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	97	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	396	98	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	396	99	43	43	NUM
cjrl-14166	396	100	n.	n.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	396	101	ill	ill	PROPN
cjrl-14166	396	102	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	397	1	u.	u.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	397	2	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	397	3	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	397	4	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	397	5	51	51	NUM
cjrl-14166	397	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	397	7	76	76	NUM
cjrl-14166	397	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	397	9	2022	2022	NUM
cjrl-14166	397	10	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	397	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	398	1	106	106	NUM
cjrl-14166	398	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	398	3	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	398	4	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	398	5	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	398	6	76	76	NUM
cjrl-14166	398	7	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	398	8	chi	chi	X
cjrl-14166	398	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	399	1	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	399	2	dep't	dep't	NOUN
cjrl-14166	399	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	399	4	major	major	ADJ
cjrl-14166	399	5	incident	incident	NOUN
cjrl-14166	399	6	notification	notification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	399	7	detail	detail	NOUN
cjrl-14166	399	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	399	9	incident	incident	NOUN
cjrl-14166	399	10	no	no	NOUN
cjrl-14166	399	11	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	399	12	73204	73204	NUM
cjrl-14166	399	13	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	399	14	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	399	15	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	399	16	oct	oct	PROPN
cjrl-14166	399	17	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	399	18	20	20	NUM
cjrl-14166	399	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	399	20	2014	2014	NUM
cjrl-14166	399	21	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	399	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	399	23	https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2642124-laquan-mcdonald-police-report-part-1.html	https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2642124-laquan-mcdonald-police-report-part-1.html	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	400	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	400	2	https://perma.cc/p9ul-sez5	https://perma.cc/p9ul-sez5	X
cjrl-14166	400	3	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	400	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	1	107	107	NUM
cjrl-14166	401	2	jamie	jamie	PROPN
cjrl-14166	401	3	kalven	kalven	PROPN
cjrl-14166	401	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	5	sixteen	sixteen	NUM
cjrl-14166	401	6	shots	shot	NOUN
cjrl-14166	401	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	8	slate	slate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	401	9	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	10	jan	jan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	401	11	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	401	12	14	14	NUM
cjrl-14166	401	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	14	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	401	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	17	https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2015/02/laquanmcdonald-shooting-a-recently-obtained-autopsy-report-on-the-dead-teen-complicates-the-chicago-policedepartments-story.html	https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2015/02/laquanmcdonald-shooting-a-recently-obtained-autopsy-report-on-the-dead-teen-complicates-the-chicago-policedepartments-story.html	VERB
cjrl-14166	401	18	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	401	19	https://perma.cc/4jwh-ys78	https://perma.cc/4jwh-ys78	X
cjrl-14166	401	20	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	401	21	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	22	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	23	pat	pat	PROPN
cjrl-14166	401	24	camden	camden	PROPN
cjrl-14166	401	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	26	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	401	27	longtime	longtime	NOUN
cjrl-14166	401	28	chicago	chicago	PROPN
cjrl-14166	401	29	police	police	PROPN
cjrl-14166	401	30	department	department	PROPN
cjrl-14166	401	31	press	press	NOUN
cjrl-14166	401	32	spokesman	spokesman	NOUN
cjrl-14166	401	33	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	401	34	now	now	ADV
cjrl-14166	401	35	performs	perform	VERB
cjrl-14166	401	36	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	401	37	function	function	NOUN
cjrl-14166	401	38	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	401	39	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	401	40	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	401	41	union	union	NOUN
cjrl-14166	401	42	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	43	later	later	ADV
cjrl-14166	401	44	described	describe	VERB
cjrl-14166	401	45	mcdonald	mcdonald	NOUN
cjrl-14166	401	46	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	401	47	having	having	AUX
cjrl-14166	401	48	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	401	49	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	50	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	401	51	strange	strange	ADJ
cjrl-14166	401	52	gaze	gaze	NOUN
cjrl-14166	401	53	about	about	ADP
cjrl-14166	401	54	him	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	401	55	…	…	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	56	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	401	57	’s	’s	AUX
cjrl-14166	401	58	got	get	VERB
cjrl-14166	401	59	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	401	60	100	100	NUM
cjrl-14166	401	61	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	62	yard	yard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	401	63	stare	stare	NOUN
cjrl-14166	401	64	…	…	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	65	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	401	66	’s	’s	AUX
cjrl-14166	401	67	staring	stare	VERB
cjrl-14166	401	68	blankly	blankly	ADV
cjrl-14166	401	69	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	70	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	71	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	72	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	401	73	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	402	1	108	108	NUM
cjrl-14166	402	2	adam	adam	PROPN
cjrl-14166	402	3	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	402	4	smith	smith	PROPN
cjrl-14166	402	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	402	6	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	402	7	reform	reform	NOUN
cjrl-14166	402	8	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	402	9	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	402	10	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	402	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	402	12	43	43	NUM
cjrl-14166	402	13	n.	n.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	402	14	ill	ill	PROPN
cjrl-14166	402	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	403	1	u.	u.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	403	2	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	403	3	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	403	4	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	403	5	51	51	NUM
cjrl-14166	403	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	403	7	76	76	NUM
cjrl-14166	403	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	403	9	2022	2022	NUM
cjrl-14166	403	10	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	403	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	404	1	109	109	NUM
cjrl-14166	404	2	i	i	PROPN
cjrl-14166	404	3	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	404	4	1316	1316	NUM
cjrl-14166	404	5	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	404	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	405	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	405	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	405	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	405	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	406	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	406	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	406	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	406	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	406	5	lunge	lunge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	406	6	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	406	7	formed	form	VERB
cjrl-14166	406	8	van	van	PROPN
cjrl-14166	406	9	dyke	dyke	PROPN
cjrl-14166	406	10	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	406	11	justification	justification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	406	12	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	406	13	deadly	deadly	ADJ
cjrl-14166	406	14	force.110	force.110	NOUN
cjrl-14166	406	15	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	406	16	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	406	17	exemplified	exemplify	VERB
cjrl-14166	406	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	406	19	willingness	willingness	NOUN
cjrl-14166	406	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	406	21	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	406	22	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	406	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	406	24	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	406	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	406	26	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	406	27	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	406	28	organizations	organization	NOUN
cjrl-14166	406	29	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	406	30	band	band	VERB
cjrl-14166	406	31	together	together	ADV
cjrl-14166	406	32	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	406	33	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	406	34	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	406	35	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	406	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	406	37	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	406	38	own	own	ADJ
cjrl-14166	406	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	406	40	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	406	41	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	406	42	horrific	horrific	ADJ
cjrl-14166	406	43	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	406	44	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	406	45	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	406	46	committed	commit	VERB
cjrl-14166	406	47	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	1	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	407	2	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	3	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	407	4	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	407	5	code	code	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	7	silence	silence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	8	violate	violate	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	407	10	whole	whole	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	11	host	host	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	13	existing	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	14	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	15	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	16	rules	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	17	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	407	18	regulations,111	regulations,111	PROPN
cjrl-14166	407	19	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	407	20	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	407	21	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	407	22	comes	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	23	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	24	play	play	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	25	after	after	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	26	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	27	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	407	28	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	29	perpetrated	perpetrate	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	30	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	31	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	33	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	407	34	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	35	violates	violate	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	36	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	37	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	38	laws	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	39	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	407	40	require	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	41	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	42	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	43	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	407	44	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	45	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	407	46	instances	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	47	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	48	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	49	abuse.112	abuse.112	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	50	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	407	51	more	more	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	52	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	53	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	54	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	55	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	407	56	go	go	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	57	unreported	unreported	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	58	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	407	59	unsubstantiated	unsubstantiated	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	60	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	61	the	the	PRON
cjrl-14166	407	62	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	63	difficult	difficult	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	64	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	407	65	becomes	become	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	66	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	407	67	prove	prove	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	68	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	407	69	pattern	pattern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	70	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	407	71	meet	meet	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	72	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	407	73	evidentiary	evidentiary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	74	standards	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	75	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	76	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	407	77	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	78	claim.113	claim.113	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	79	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	80	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	81	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	407	82	aversion	aversion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	83	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	407	84	respondeat	respondeat	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	85	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	86	arguably	arguably	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	87	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	88	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	407	89	bias	bias	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	90	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	91	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	92	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	93	finding	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	94	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	95	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	96	fear	fear	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	97	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	98	invoking	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	99	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	407	100	rejected	reject	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	101	doctrine.114	doctrine.114	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	102	requiring	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	103	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	407	104	link	link	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	105	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	106	policymaker	policymaker	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	107	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	108	actually	actually	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	109	protects	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	110	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	407	111	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	112	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	113	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	114	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	115	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	116	actions	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	117	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	118	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	407	119	very	very	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	120	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	121	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	122	facing	face	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	123	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	124	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	407	125	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	126	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	407	127	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	128	direct	direct	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	129	connection	connection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	130	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	131	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	407	132	public	public	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	133	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	407	134	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	407	135	greatest	great	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	136	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	137	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	138	engaging	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	139	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	140	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	141	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	142	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	143	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	407	144	tangible	tangible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	145	way.115	way.115	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	146	110	110	NUM
cjrl-14166	407	147	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	148	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	407	149	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	407	150	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	151	77	77	NUM
cjrl-14166	407	152	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	153	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	154	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	155	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	156	importantly	importantly	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	157	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	158	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	407	159	critical	critical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	160	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	161	lunge	lunge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	162	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	163	toward	toward	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	164	van	van	PROPN
cjrl-14166	407	165	dyke	dyke	PROPN
cjrl-14166	407	166	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	167	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	407	168	legally	legally	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	169	obligatory	obligatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	170	precursor	precursor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	171	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	172	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	407	173	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	174	justified	justified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	175	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	176	use	use	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	177	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	407	178	deadly	deadly	ADJ
cjrl-14166	407	179	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	407	180	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	407	181	never	never	ADV
cjrl-14166	407	182	happened	happen	VERB
cjrl-14166	407	183	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	408	1	mcdonald	mcdonald	PROPN
cjrl-14166	408	2	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	408	3	walking	walk	VERB
cjrl-14166	408	4	away	away	ADV
cjrl-14166	408	5	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	408	6	van	van	PROPN
cjrl-14166	408	7	dyke	dyke	NOUN
cjrl-14166	408	8	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	408	9	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	408	10	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	408	11	shot	shoot	VERB
cjrl-14166	408	12	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	409	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	409	2	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	409	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	409	4	mcdonald	mcdonald	PROPN
cjrl-14166	409	5	took	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	409	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	409	7	majority	majority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	409	8	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	409	9	van	van	PROPN
cjrl-14166	409	10	dyke	dyke	PROPN
cjrl-14166	409	11	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	409	12	shots	shot	NOUN
cjrl-14166	409	13	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	409	14	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	409	15	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	409	16	already	already	ADV
cjrl-14166	409	17	incapacitated	incapacitate	VERB
cjrl-14166	409	18	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	409	19	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	409	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	409	21	ground	ground	NOUN
cjrl-14166	409	22	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	409	23	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	409	24	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	409	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	410	1	111	111	NUM
cjrl-14166	410	2	see	see	NOUN
cjrl-14166	410	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	410	4	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cjrl-14166	410	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	410	6	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	410	7	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	410	8	city	city	PROPN
cjrl-14166	410	9	police	police	PROPN
cjrl-14166	410	10	department	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	410	11	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	410	12	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	410	13	penalty	penalty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	410	14	guidelines	guideline	VERB
cjrl-14166	410	15	20	20	NUM
cjrl-14166	410	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	410	17	january	january	PROPN
cjrl-14166	410	18	15	15	NUM
cjrl-14166	410	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	410	20	2021	2021	NUM
cjrl-14166	410	21	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	410	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	410	23	https://www.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/public_information/disciplinary-system-penalty-guidelineseffective-01-15-2021-compete-.pdf	https://www.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/public_information/disciplinary-system-penalty-guidelineseffective-01-15-2021-compete-.pdf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	411	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	411	2	https://perma.cc/7s5u-wsx5	https://perma.cc/7s5u-wsx5	X
cjrl-14166	411	3	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	411	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	411	5	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	411	6	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	411	7	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	411	8	intervene	intervene	VERB
cjrl-14166	411	9	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	411	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	411	11	use	use	NOUN
cjrl-14166	411	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	411	13	excessive	excessive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	411	14	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	411	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	411	16	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	411	17	excessive	excessive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	411	18	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	411	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	411	20	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	411	21	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	411	22	request	request	VERB
cjrl-14166	411	23	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	411	24	ensure	ensure	VERB
cjrl-14166	411	25	timely	timely	ADJ
cjrl-14166	411	26	medical	medical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	411	27	treatment	treatment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	411	28	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	411	29	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	411	30	individual	individual	NOUN
cjrl-14166	411	31	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	411	32	serious	serious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	411	33	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	411	34	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	411	35	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	411	36	result	result	VERB
cjrl-14166	411	37	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	411	38	criminal	criminal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	411	39	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	411	40	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	411	41	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	411	42	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	411	43	will	will	AUX
cjrl-14166	411	44	result	result	VERB
cjrl-14166	411	45	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	411	46	department	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	411	47	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	411	48	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	411	49	up	up	ADP
cjrl-14166	411	50	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	411	51	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	411	52	including	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	411	53	termination	termination	NOUN
cjrl-14166	411	54	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	411	55	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	411	56	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	411	57	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	412	1	112	112	NUM
cjrl-14166	412	2	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	412	3	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	412	4	60	60	NUM
cjrl-14166	412	5	.	.	SYM
cjrl-14166	412	6	113	113	NUM
cjrl-14166	412	7	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	412	8	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	412	9	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	412	10	101	101	NUM
cjrl-14166	412	11	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	412	12	accompanying	accompany	VERB
cjrl-14166	412	13	text	text	NOUN
cjrl-14166	412	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	413	1	114	114	NUM
cjrl-14166	413	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	413	3	mead	mead	NOUN
cjrl-14166	413	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	413	5	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	413	6	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	413	7	21	21	NUM
cjrl-14166	413	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	413	9	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	413	10	563	563	NUM
cjrl-14166	413	11	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	413	12	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	413	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	413	14	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	413	15	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	413	16	focus	focus	NOUN
cjrl-14166	413	17	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	413	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	413	19	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	413	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	413	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	413	22	decisionmaker	decisionmaker	NOUN
cjrl-14166	413	23	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	413	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	413	25	determining	determine	VERB
cjrl-14166	413	26	factor	factor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	413	27	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	413	28	deciding	decide	VERB
cjrl-14166	413	29	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	413	30	official	official	ADJ
cjrl-14166	413	31	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	413	32	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	413	33	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	413	34	made	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	413	35	highlights	highlight	NOUN
cjrl-14166	413	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	413	37	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	413	38	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	413	39	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	413	40	accepting	accept	VERB
cjrl-14166	413	41	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	413	42	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	413	43	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	413	44	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	413	45	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	414	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	414	2	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	414	3	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	414	4	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	414	5	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	414	6	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	414	7	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	414	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	415	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	415	2	the	the	X
cjrl-14166	415	3	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	415	4	approach	approach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	415	5	implicitly	implicitly	ADV
cjrl-14166	415	6	recognized	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	415	7	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	415	8	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	415	9	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	415	10	act	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	415	11	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	415	12	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	415	13	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	415	14	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	415	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	415	16	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	416	1	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	416	2	115	115	NUM
cjrl-14166	417	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	417	2	d.	d.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	417	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	417	4	564	564	NUM
cjrl-14166	417	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	417	6	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	417	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	417	8	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	417	9	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	417	10	deemed	deem	VERB
cjrl-14166	417	11	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	417	12	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	417	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	417	14	acts	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	417	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	417	16	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	417	17	level	level	NOUN
cjrl-14166	417	18	decisionmaking	decisionmake	VERB
cjrl-14166	417	19	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	417	20	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	417	21	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	417	22	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	417	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	417	24	acts	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	417	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	417	26	low	low	ADJ
cjrl-14166	417	27	level	level	NOUN
cjrl-14166	417	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	417	29	frontline	frontline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	417	30	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	417	31	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	417	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	418	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	419	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	420	1	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	420	2	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	420	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	420	4	low	low	ADJ
cjrl-14166	420	5	level	level	NOUN
cjrl-14166	420	6	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	420	7	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	420	8	has	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	420	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	420	10	greatest	great	ADJ
cjrl-14166	420	11	exposure	exposure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	420	12	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	420	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	420	14	public	public	NOUN
cjrl-14166	420	15	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	420	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	420	17	therefore	therefore	ADV
cjrl-14166	420	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	420	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	420	20	greatest	great	ADJ
cjrl-14166	420	21	potential	potential	NOUN
cjrl-14166	420	22	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	420	23	committing	commit	VERB
cjrl-14166	420	24	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	420	25	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	420	26	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	420	27	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	420	28	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	420	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	421	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	421	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	421	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	421	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	421	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	421	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	421	7	1317	1317	NUM
cjrl-14166	421	8	3	3	NUM
cjrl-14166	421	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	422	1	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	2	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	3	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	422	4	unfettered	unfettere	VERB
cjrl-14166	422	5	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	6	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	422	7	face	face	VERB
cjrl-14166	422	8	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	422	9	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	10	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	422	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	422	12	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	422	13	egregious	egregious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	422	14	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	422	15	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	16	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	422	17	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	18	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	422	19	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	20	bear	bear	VERB
cjrl-14166	422	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	422	22	cost	cost	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	422	24	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	422	25	burden	burden	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	26	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	422	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	422	28	monell	monell	ADJ
cjrl-14166	422	29	standard	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	30	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	422	31	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	422	32	particularly	particularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	422	33	evident	evident	ADJ
cjrl-14166	422	34	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	422	35	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	422	36	comes	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	422	37	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	422	38	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	422	40	leaving	leave	VERB
cjrl-14166	422	41	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	42	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	422	43	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	44	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	45	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	422	46	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	422	47	viable	viable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	422	48	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	49	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	422	50	obtain	obtain	VERB
cjrl-14166	422	51	justice	justice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	422	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	423	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	423	2	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	423	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	423	4	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	423	5	often	often	ADV
cjrl-14166	423	6	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	423	7	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	423	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	423	9	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	423	10	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	423	11	evade	evade	VERB
cjrl-14166	423	12	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	423	13	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	423	14	outrageous	outrageous	ADJ
cjrl-14166	423	15	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	423	16	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	423	17	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	423	18	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	423	19	protected	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	423	20	individually	individually	ADV
cjrl-14166	423	21	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	423	22	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	423	23	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	423	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	423	25	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	423	26	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	423	27	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	423	28	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	423	29	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	423	30	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	423	31	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	423	32	protected	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	423	33	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	423	34	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	423	35	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	423	36	incredibly	incredibly	ADV
cjrl-14166	423	37	difficult	difficult	ADJ
cjrl-14166	423	38	requirements	requirement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	423	39	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	424	1	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	424	2	protections	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	3	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	424	4	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	424	5	just	just	ADV
cjrl-14166	424	6	flawed	flawed	ADJ
cjrl-14166	424	7	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	424	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	424	9	lack	lack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	424	11	recourse	recourse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	12	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	424	13	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	424	14	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	424	15	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	424	16	complainants	complainant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	424	18	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	424	19	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	424	20	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	424	21	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	424	22	level	level	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	23	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	424	24	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	25	fails	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	424	26	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	424	27	deter	deter	VERB
cjrl-14166	424	28	future	future	ADJ
cjrl-14166	424	29	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	424	31	results	result	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	32	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	424	33	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
cjrl-14166	424	34	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	424	35	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	36	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	424	37	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	424	38	any	any	PRON
cjrl-14166	424	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	424	40	at	at	ADV
cjrl-14166	424	41	all	all	ADV
cjrl-14166	424	42	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	424	43	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	424	44	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	424	45	hinders	hinder	VERB
cjrl-14166	424	46	reform	reform	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	47	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	424	48	policing.116	policing.116	PRON
cjrl-14166	424	49	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	424	50	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	51	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	424	52	after	after	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	424	53	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	424	54	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	55	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	56	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	424	57	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	424	58	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	424	59	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	424	60	odds	odd	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	61	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	424	62	successful	successful	ADJ
cjrl-14166	424	63	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	424	64	new	new	ADJ
cjrl-14166	424	65	york117	york117	PROPN
cjrl-14166	424	66	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	424	67	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	424	68	nypd	nypd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	424	69	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	424	70	racial	racial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	424	71	profiling	profiling	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	72	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	424	73	stop	stop	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	74	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	424	75	frisk	frisk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	76	policies	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	77	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	424	78	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	424	79	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	80	requested	request	VERB
cjrl-14166	424	81	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	424	82	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	424	83	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	424	84	depth	depth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	85	report	report	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	86	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	424	87	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	424	88	nypd	nypd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	424	89	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	424	90	process	process	NOUN
cjrl-14166	424	91	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	1	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	425	2	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	425	3	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	4	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	425	5	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	425	6	delve	delve	VERB
cjrl-14166	425	7	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	425	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	425	9	investigative	investigative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	425	10	procedures	procedure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	11	employed	employ	VERB
cjrl-14166	425	12	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	425	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	425	14	nypd	nypd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	425	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	16	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	425	17	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	425	18	worth	worth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	425	19	highlighting	highlight	VERB
cjrl-14166	425	20	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	425	21	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	425	22	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	23	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	425	24	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	25	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	425	26	discovered	discover	VERB
cjrl-14166	425	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	28	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	425	29	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	425	30	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	425	31	met	meet	VERB
cjrl-14166	425	32	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	425	33	formal	formal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	425	34	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	425	35	informal	informal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	425	36	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	37	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	425	38	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	40	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	425	41	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	425	42	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	425	43	decision	decision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	44	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	425	45	left	leave	VERB
cjrl-14166	425	46	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	425	47	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	425	48	discretion	discretion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	49	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	425	50	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	425	51	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	52	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	53	regardless	regardless	ADV
cjrl-14166	425	54	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	425	55	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	425	56	116	116	NUM
cjrl-14166	425	57	amelia	amelia	PROPN
cjrl-14166	425	58	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	425	59	waller	waller	PROPN
cjrl-14166	425	60	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	61	note	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	425	62	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	63	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	64	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	425	65	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	425	66	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	67	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	68	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	69	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	70	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	71	expanding	expand	VERB
cjrl-14166	425	72	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	425	73	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	74	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	425	75	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	76	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	77	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	78	16	16	NUM
cjrl-14166	425	79	ga	ga	PROPN
cjrl-14166	425	80	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	81	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	425	82	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	425	83	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	425	84	865	865	NUM
cjrl-14166	425	85	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	86	885	885	NUM
cjrl-14166	425	87	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	88	1982	1982	NUM
cjrl-14166	425	89	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	90	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	91	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	92	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	425	93	i]ndividual	i]ndividual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	425	94	actions	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	95	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	425	96	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	97	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	425	98	do	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	425	99	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	425	100	significantly	significantly	ADV
cjrl-14166	425	101	deter	deter	VERB
cjrl-14166	425	102	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	103	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	425	104	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	105	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	106	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	425	107	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	426	1	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	426	2	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	426	3	unlikely	unlikely	ADJ
cjrl-14166	426	4	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	426	5	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	426	6	suits	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	426	7	will	will	AUX
cjrl-14166	426	8	obtain	obtain	VERB
cjrl-14166	426	9	injunctive	injunctive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	426	10	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	426	11	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	426	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	426	13	scale	scale	NOUN
cjrl-14166	426	14	necessary	necessary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	426	15	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	426	16	alleviate	alleviate	VERB
cjrl-14166	426	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	426	18	problem	problem	NOUN
cjrl-14166	426	19	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	426	20	systematic	systematic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	426	21	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	426	22	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	426	23	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	426	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	426	25	benefit	benefit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	426	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	426	27	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	426	28	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	426	29	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	426	30	might	might	AUX
cjrl-14166	426	31	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	426	32	affected	affect	VERB
cjrl-14166	426	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	426	34	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	426	35	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	426	36	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	427	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	427	2	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	427	3	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	427	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	427	5	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	427	6	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	427	7	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	427	8	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	427	9	exposed	expose	VERB
cjrl-14166	427	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	427	11	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	427	12	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	427	13	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	427	14	n’t	not	PART
cjrl-14166	427	15	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
cjrl-14166	427	16	face	face	VERB
cjrl-14166	427	17	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	427	18	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	427	19	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	427	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	427	21	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	427	22	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	427	23	employs	employ	VERB
cjrl-14166	427	24	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	427	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	427	26	especially	especially	ADV
cjrl-14166	427	27	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	427	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	427	29	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	427	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	427	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	427	32	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	427	33	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	427	34	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	427	35	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	427	36	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	427	37	file	file	VERB
cjrl-14166	427	38	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	427	39	complaint	complaint	NOUN
cjrl-14166	427	40	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	427	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	427	42	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	427	43	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	427	44	iab	iab	PROPN
cjrl-14166	427	45	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	427	46	equivalent	equivalent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	427	47	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	427	48	department	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	427	49	investigative	investigative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	427	50	agency	agency	NOUN
cjrl-14166	427	51	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	428	1	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	428	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	428	3	civilian	civilian	ADJ
cjrl-14166	428	4	complaint	complaint	NOUN
cjrl-14166	428	5	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	428	6	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	428	7	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	428	8	precursor	precursor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	428	9	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	428	10	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	428	11	investigation	investigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	428	12	before	before	ADV
cjrl-14166	428	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	428	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	428	15	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	428	16	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	428	17	now	now	ADV
cjrl-14166	428	18	initiate	initiate	VERB
cjrl-14166	428	19	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	428	20	own	own	ADJ
cjrl-14166	428	21	investigations	investigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	428	22	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	428	23	limited	limited	ADJ
cjrl-14166	428	24	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	428	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	429	1	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	429	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	429	3	internal	internal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	429	4	investigations	investigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	429	5	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	429	6	often	often	ADV
cjrl-14166	429	7	avoided	avoid	VERB
cjrl-14166	429	8	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	429	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	429	10	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	429	11	finding	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	429	12	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	429	13	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	429	14	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	429	15	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	429	16	investigations	investigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	429	17	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	429	18	bar	bar	VERB
cjrl-14166	429	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	429	20	use	use	NOUN
cjrl-14166	429	21	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	429	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	429	23	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	429	24	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	429	25	defense	defense	NOUN
cjrl-14166	429	26	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	429	27	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
cjrl-14166	429	28	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	429	29	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	429	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	429	31	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	429	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	430	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	430	2	james	james	PROPN
cjrl-14166	430	3	yates	yates	PROPN
cjrl-14166	430	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	430	5	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	430	6	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	430	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	430	8	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	430	9	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	430	10	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	430	11	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	430	12	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	430	13	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	430	14	38	38	NUM
cjrl-14166	430	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	430	16	nypd	nypd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	430	17	monitor	monitor	PROPN
cjrl-14166	430	18	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	430	19	september	september	PROPN
cjrl-14166	430	20	19	19	NUM
cjrl-14166	430	21	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	430	22	2024	2024	NUM
cjrl-14166	430	23	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	430	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	431	1	https://www.nypdmonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/discipline-report.pdf	https://www.nypdmonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/discipline-report.pdf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	432	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	432	2	https://perma.cc/qt37-3y8w	https://perma.cc/qt37-3y8w	X
cjrl-14166	432	3	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	432	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	433	1	117	117	NUM
cjrl-14166	433	2	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	433	3	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	433	4	examines	examine	VERB
cjrl-14166	433	5	findings	finding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	433	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	433	7	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	433	8	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	433	9	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	433	10	lack	lack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	433	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	433	12	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	433	13	specific	specific	ADJ
cjrl-14166	433	14	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	433	15	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	433	16	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	433	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	433	18	extrapolating	extrapolate	VERB
cjrl-14166	433	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	433	20	concerns	concern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	433	21	these	these	PRON
cjrl-14166	433	22	raise	raise	VERB
cjrl-14166	433	23	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	433	24	argue	argue	VERB
cjrl-14166	433	25	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	433	26	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	433	27	national	national	ADJ
cjrl-14166	433	28	change	change	NOUN
cjrl-14166	433	29	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	433	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	433	31	handling	handling	NOUN
cjrl-14166	433	32	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	433	33	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	433	34	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	433	35	claims	claim	VERB
cjrl-14166	433	36	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	434	1	1318	1318	NUM
cjrl-14166	434	2	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	434	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	435	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	435	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	435	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	435	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	436	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	436	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	436	5	specific	specific	ADJ
cjrl-14166	436	6	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	436	8	investigating	investigate	VERB
cjrl-14166	436	9	agency	agency	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	10	gives	give	VERB
cjrl-14166	436	11	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	12	discipline.118	discipline.118	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	13	moreover	moreover	ADV
cjrl-14166	436	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	436	16	standards	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	17	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	436	19	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	20	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	436	21	explanations	explanation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	22	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	23	deviating	deviate	VERB
cjrl-14166	436	24	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	25	recommended	recommend	VERB
cjrl-14166	436	26	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	436	27	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	28	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	436	29	low	low	ADJ
cjrl-14166	436	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	31	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	32	best.119	best.119	PROPN
cjrl-14166	436	33	thus	thus	ADV
cjrl-14166	436	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	35	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	36	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	436	37	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	436	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	39	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	40	example	example	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	41	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	42	command	command	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	43	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	44	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	45	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	436	46	form	form	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	47	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	48	informal	informal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	436	49	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	50	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	436	51	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	436	52	instituted	institute	VERB
cjrl-14166	436	53	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	54	minor	minor	ADJ
cjrl-14166	436	55	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	56	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	57	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	58	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	59	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	60	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	61	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	436	62	become	become	VERB
cjrl-14166	436	63	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	436	64	predominant	predominant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	436	65	form	form	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	66	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	67	proceeding	proceeding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	68	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	69	invoked	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	436	70	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	71	almost	almost	ADV
cjrl-14166	436	72	every	every	PRON
cjrl-14166	436	73	kind	kind	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	74	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	75	misbehavior	misbehavior	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	76	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	77	”120	”120	PROPN
cjrl-14166	436	78	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	436	79	often	often	ADV
cjrl-14166	436	80	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	81	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	436	82	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	83	various	various	ADJ
cjrl-14166	436	84	forms	form	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	85	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	86	guidance	guidance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	87	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	88	warnings	warning	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	89	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	90	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	436	91	training	training	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	92	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	436	93	provided	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	436	94	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	95	response	response	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	96	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	97	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	98	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	99	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	436	100	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	436	101	stop	stop	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	102	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	436	103	frisk	frisk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	104	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	105	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	436	106	motivated	motivate	VERB
cjrl-14166	436	107	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	436	108	floyd	floyd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	436	109	monitor	monitor	PROPN
cjrl-14166	436	110	report	report	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	111	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	112	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	436	113	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	114	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	436	115	true	true	ADJ
cjrl-14166	436	116	statutorily	statutorily	ADV
cjrl-14166	436	117	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	118	defined	define	VERB
cjrl-14166	436	119	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	120	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	121	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cjrl-14166	436	122	suspension	suspension	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	123	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	124	termination	termination	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	125	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	126	etc	etc	X
cjrl-14166	436	127	.	.	X
cjrl-14166	436	128	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	436	129	per	per	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	130	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	436	131	service	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	132	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	133	§	§	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	134	75	75	NUM
cjrl-14166	436	135	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	436	136	administrative	administrative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	436	137	code	code	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	138	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	436	139	14–115.121	14–115.121	NUM
cjrl-14166	436	140	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	436	141	findings	finding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	142	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	436	143	confirmed	confirm	VERB
cjrl-14166	436	144	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	145	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	436	146	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	147	report	report	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	148	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	149	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	150	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	436	151	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	436	152	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	436	153	june	june	PROPN
cjrl-14166	436	154	2020	2020	NUM
cjrl-14166	436	155	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	437	2	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	437	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	437	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	437	5	substantiated	substantiate	VERB
cjrl-14166	437	6	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	8	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	437	9	eleven	eleven	NUM
cjrl-14166	437	10	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	11	year	year	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	12	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	13	old	old	ADJ
cjrl-14166	437	14	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	437	15	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	16	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	437	17	walking	walk	VERB
cjrl-14166	437	18	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	437	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	437	20	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	437	21	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	437	22	city	city	PROPN
cjrl-14166	437	23	housing	housing	PROPN
cjrl-14166	437	24	authority	authority	PROPN
cjrl-14166	437	25	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	26	nycha	nycha	ADJ
cjrl-14166	437	27	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	28	complex	complex	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	29	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	437	30	stopped	stop	VERB
cjrl-14166	437	31	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	437	32	greet	greet	VERB
cjrl-14166	437	33	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	437	34	acquaintance	acquaintance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	35	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	437	36	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	437	37	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	437	38	stopped	stop	VERB
cjrl-14166	437	39	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	437	40	frisked	frisk	VERB
cjrl-14166	437	41	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	437	42	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	437	43	officer.122	officer.122	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	437	45	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	46	later	later	ADV
cjrl-14166	437	47	claimed	claim	VERB
cjrl-14166	437	48	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	437	49	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	437	50	stop	stop	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	51	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	437	52	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	53	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	437	54	upon	upon	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	437	55	his	his	PRON
cjrl-14166	437	56	observation	observation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	57	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	437	58	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	437	59	bulge	bulge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	60	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	437	61	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	437	62	victim	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	63	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	437	64	pocket	pocket	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	65	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	66	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	437	67	though	though	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	437	68	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	437	69	bulge	bulge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	70	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	437	71	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	437	72	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	437	73	used	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	437	74	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	437	75	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	437	76	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	77	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	437	78	118	118	NUM
cjrl-14166	437	79	yates	yate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	80	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	81	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	437	82	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	83	115	115	NUM
cjrl-14166	437	84	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	85	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	437	86	169	169	NUM
cjrl-14166	437	87	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	88	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	89	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	437	90	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	91	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	92	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	437	93	approve	approve	VERB
cjrl-14166	437	94	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	437	95	modify	modify	VERB
cjrl-14166	437	96	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	437	97	recommended	recommend	VERB
cjrl-14166	437	98	findings	finding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	99	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	437	100	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	437	101	penalty	penalty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	437	102	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	103	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	437	104	any	any	PRON
cjrl-14166	437	105	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	437	106	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	438	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	438	2	citing	cite	VERB
cjrl-14166	438	3	38	38	NUM
cjrl-14166	438	4	rcny	rcny	NOUN
cjrl-14166	438	5	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	438	6	15	15	NUM
cjrl-14166	438	7	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	438	8	08(a	08(a	NUM
cjrl-14166	438	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	438	10	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	438	11	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	438	12	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	438	13	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	438	14	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	438	15	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	438	16	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	438	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	438	18	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	438	19	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	438	20	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	438	21	approve	approve	VERB
cjrl-14166	438	22	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	438	23	modify	modify	VERB
cjrl-14166	438	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	438	25	recommended	recommend	VERB
cjrl-14166	438	26	findings	finding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	438	27	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	438	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	438	29	penalty	penalty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	438	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	438	31	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	438	32	any	any	PRON
cjrl-14166	438	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	438	34	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	439	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	439	2	citing	cite	VERB
cjrl-14166	439	3	n.y.c	n.y.c	PROPN
cjrl-14166	439	4	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	439	5	admin	admin	PROPN
cjrl-14166	439	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	440	1	code	code	PROPN
cjrl-14166	440	2	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	440	3	14	14	NUM
cjrl-14166	440	4	-	-	SYM
cjrl-14166	440	5	115	115	NUM
cjrl-14166	440	6	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	440	7	n.y	n.y	PROPN
cjrl-14166	440	8	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	440	9	city	city	PROPN
cjrl-14166	440	10	charter	charter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	440	11	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	440	12	434	434	NUM
cjrl-14166	440	13	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	440	14	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	441	1	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	441	2	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	441	3	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	441	4	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	441	5	170	170	NUM
cjrl-14166	441	6	n.	n.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	441	7	756	756	NUM
cjrl-14166	441	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	441	9	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	441	10	after	after	ADP
cjrl-14166	441	11	implementation	implementation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	441	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	441	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	441	14	matrix	matrix	NOUN
cjrl-14166	441	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	441	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	441	17	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	441	18	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	441	19	posted	post	VERB
cjrl-14166	441	20	184	184	NUM
cjrl-14166	441	21	departure	departure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	441	22	letters	letter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	441	23	where	where	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	441	24	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	441	25	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	441	26	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	441	27	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	441	28	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	441	29	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	441	30	reduced	reduce	VERB
cjrl-14166	441	31	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	441	32	dismissed	dismiss	VERB
cjrl-14166	441	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	442	1	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	442	2	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	442	3	apr	apr	NOUN
cjrl-14166	442	4	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	442	5	7	7	NUM
cjrl-14166	442	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	442	7	2023	2023	NUM
cjrl-14166	442	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	442	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	442	10	184	184	NUM
cjrl-14166	442	11	downward	downward	ADJ
cjrl-14166	442	12	departures	departure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	442	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	442	14	dismissed	dismiss	VERB
cjrl-14166	442	15	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	442	16	included	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	442	17	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	442	18	deputy	deputy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	442	19	chief	chief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	442	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	442	21	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	442	22	inspector	inspector	NOUN
cjrl-14166	442	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	442	24	3	3	NUM
cjrl-14166	442	25	deputy	deputy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	442	26	inspectors	inspector	NOUN
cjrl-14166	442	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	442	28	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	442	29	captains	captain	NOUN
cjrl-14166	442	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	442	31	17	17	NUM
cjrl-14166	442	32	lieutenants	lieutenant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	442	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	442	34	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	442	35	22	22	NUM
cjrl-14166	442	36	sergeants	sergeant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	442	37	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	443	1	posted	post	VERB
cjrl-14166	443	2	letters	letter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	443	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	443	4	https://www.nyc.gov/site/ccrb/complaints/redacted-departure-letter.page	https://www.nyc.gov/site/ccrb/complaints/redacted-departure-letter.page	NOUN
cjrl-14166	443	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	443	6	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	443	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	443	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	444	1	119	119	NUM
cjrl-14166	445	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	445	2	d.	d.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	445	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	445	4	183	183	NUM
cjrl-14166	445	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	445	6	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	445	7	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	445	8	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	445	9	begun	begin	VERB
cjrl-14166	445	10	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	445	11	post	post	VERB
cjrl-14166	445	12	departure	departure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	445	13	letters	letter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	445	14	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	445	15	receives	receive	VERB
cjrl-14166	445	16	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	445	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	445	18	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	445	19	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	445	20	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	445	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	445	22	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	445	23	imposes	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	445	24	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	445	25	lesser	less	ADJ
cjrl-14166	445	26	penalty	penalty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	445	27	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	445	28	level	level	NOUN
cjrl-14166	445	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	445	30	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	445	31	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	445	32	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	445	33	recommended	recommend	VERB
cjrl-14166	445	34	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	445	35	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	445	36	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	445	37	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	445	38	substantiates	substantiate	VERB
cjrl-14166	445	39	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	445	40	complaint	complaint	NOUN
cjrl-14166	445	41	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	446	1	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	446	2	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	446	3	march	march	PROPN
cjrl-14166	446	4	2023	2023	NUM
cjrl-14166	446	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	446	6	there	there	PRON
cjrl-14166	446	7	were	be	VERB
cjrl-14166	446	8	181	181	NUM
cjrl-14166	446	9	departures	departure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	446	10	described	describe	VERB
cjrl-14166	446	11	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	446	12	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	446	13	decided	decide	VERB
cjrl-14166	446	14	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	446	15	2022	2022	NUM
cjrl-14166	446	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	447	1	although	although	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	447	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	447	3	letters	letter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	447	4	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	447	5	required	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	447	6	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	447	7	explain	explain	VERB
cjrl-14166	447	8	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	447	9	detail	detail	NOUN
cjrl-14166	447	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	447	11	reasons	reason	NOUN
cjrl-14166	447	12	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	447	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	447	14	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	447	15	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	447	16	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	447	17	rejection	rejection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	447	18	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	447	19	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	447	20	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	447	21	recommendation	recommendation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	447	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	447	23	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	447	24	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	447	25	brief	brief	ADJ
cjrl-14166	447	26	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	447	27	opaque	opaque	ADJ
cjrl-14166	447	28	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	447	29	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	447	30	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	447	31	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	448	1	120	120	NUM
cjrl-14166	449	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	449	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	449	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	449	4	53	53	NUM
cjrl-14166	449	5	.	.	NUM
cjrl-14166	449	6	121	121	NUM
cjrl-14166	450	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	450	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	450	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	450	4	56	56	NUM
cjrl-14166	450	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	451	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	451	2	floyd	floyd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	451	3	monitor	monitor	PROPN
cjrl-14166	451	4	report	report	NOUN
cjrl-14166	451	5	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	451	6	finds	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	451	7	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	451	8	regardless	regardless	ADV
cjrl-14166	451	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	451	10	what	what	DET
cjrl-14166	451	11	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	451	12	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	451	13	imposed	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	451	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	451	15	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	451	16	raises	raise	VERB
cjrl-14166	451	17	another	another	DET
cjrl-14166	451	18	issue	issue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	451	19	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	451	20	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	451	21	supervisors	supervisor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	451	22	often	often	ADV
cjrl-14166	451	23	fail	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	451	24	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	451	25	ensure	ensure	VERB
cjrl-14166	451	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	451	27	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	451	28	activity	activity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	451	29	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	451	30	engaged	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	451	31	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	451	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	452	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	452	2	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	452	3	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	452	4	monitor	monitor	VERB
cjrl-14166	452	5	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	452	6	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	452	7	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	452	8	met	meet	VERB
cjrl-14166	452	9	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	452	10	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	452	11	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	452	12	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	452	13	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	453	1	122	122	NUM
cjrl-14166	453	2	nyc	nyc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	453	3	civilian	civilian	PROPN
cjrl-14166	453	4	complaint	complaint	PROPN
cjrl-14166	453	5	review	review	PROPN
cjrl-14166	453	6	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	453	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	453	8	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	453	9	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	453	10	74	74	NUM
cjrl-14166	453	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	453	12	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	453	13	27	27	NUM
cjrl-14166	453	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	453	15	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	453	16	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	453	17	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	453	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	453	19	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	453	20	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	453	21	1319	1319	NUM
cjrl-14166	453	22	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	453	23	suspicion.123	suspicion.123	NOUN
cjrl-14166	453	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	453	25	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	453	26	found	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	453	27	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	453	28	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	453	29	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	453	30	recommended	recommend	VERB
cjrl-14166	453	31	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	453	32	action,124	action,124	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	1	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	454	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	454	3	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	4	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	5	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
cjrl-14166	454	6	downgraded	downgrade	VERB
cjrl-14166	454	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	454	8	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	9	level	level	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	10	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	454	11	just	just	ADV
cjrl-14166	454	12	imposed	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	454	13	training	training	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	14	requirements.125	requirements.125	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	15	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	454	16	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	454	18	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	454	19	nearly	nearly	ADV
cjrl-14166	454	20	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	454	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	454	22	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	23	discussed	discuss	VERB
cjrl-14166	454	24	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	454	25	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	454	26	report	report	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	454	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	454	29	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	30	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	31	downgraded	downgrade	VERB
cjrl-14166	454	32	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	454	33	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	34	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	454	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	454	36	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	37	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	454	38	recommendation.126	recommendation.126	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	39	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	454	40	special	special	ADJ
cjrl-14166	454	41	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	42	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	454	43	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	454	44	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	45	report	report	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	46	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	454	47	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	454	48	racial	racial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	454	49	divide	divide	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	50	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	454	51	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	454	52	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	53	issues	issue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	454	54	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	1	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	455	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	455	3	407	407	NUM
cjrl-14166	455	4	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	5	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	6	complaints	complaint	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	7	involving	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	455	8	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	9	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	455	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	455	11	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	12	examined	examine	VERB
cjrl-14166	455	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	14	sixty	sixty	NUM
cjrl-14166	455	15	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	16	four	four	NUM
cjrl-14166	455	17	point	point	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	18	eight	eight	NUM
cjrl-14166	455	19	percent	percent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	20	involved	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	455	21	males	male	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	22	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	455	23	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	24	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	25	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	455	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	27	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	455	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	29	asian	asian	ADJ
cjrl-14166	455	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	31	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	455	32	indian	indian	ADJ
cjrl-14166	455	33	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	34	american	american	ADJ
cjrl-14166	455	35	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	36	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	455	37	sixtythree	sixtythree	PROPN
cjrl-14166	455	38	point	point	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	39	nine	nine	NUM
cjrl-14166	455	40	percent	percent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	41	specifically	specifically	ADV
cjrl-14166	455	42	involved	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	455	43	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	455	44	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	45	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	46	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	455	47	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	455	48	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	49	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	455	50	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	51	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	455	52	24	24	NUM
cjrl-14166	455	53	%	%	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	54	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	455	55	new	new	ADJ
cjrl-14166	455	56	yorkers	yorkers	PROPN
cjrl-14166	455	57	self	self	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	58	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	59	identif[ied	identif[ie	VERB
cjrl-14166	455	60	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	61	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	455	62	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	455	63	according	accord	VERB
cjrl-14166	455	64	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	455	65	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	455	66	2017–2019	2017–2019	NUM
cjrl-14166	455	67	census	census	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	68	estimates	estimate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	455	69	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	455	70	”127	”127	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	1	according	accord	VERB
cjrl-14166	456	2	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	456	4	bureau	bureau	PROPN
cjrl-14166	456	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	6	justice	justice	PROPN
cjrl-14166	456	7	statistics	statistics	PROPN
cjrl-14166	456	8	survey	survey	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	10	between	between	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	11	1998	1998	NUM
cjrl-14166	456	12	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	456	13	2008	2008	NUM
cjrl-14166	456	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	15	thirty	thirty	NUM
cjrl-14166	456	16	point	point	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	17	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	456	18	percent	percent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	19	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	20	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	456	21	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	22	uses	use	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	23	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	24	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	25	involved	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	456	26	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	27	between	between	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	456	29	ages	age	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	31	16	16	NUM
cjrl-14166	456	32	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	456	33	18	18	NUM
cjrl-14166	456	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	35	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	456	36	though	though	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	456	37	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	456	38	demographic	demographic	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	39	made	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	456	40	up	up	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	41	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	456	42	mere	mere	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	43	seven	seven	NUM
cjrl-14166	456	44	point	point	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	45	six	six	NUM
cjrl-14166	456	46	percent	percent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	47	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	48	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	456	49	population.128	population.128	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	50	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	456	51	militarization	militarization	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	52	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	53	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	54	forces	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	55	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	456	56	found	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	456	57	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	456	58	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	456	59	higher	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	60	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	61	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	62	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	63	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	64	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	65	particularly	particularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	456	66	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	67	impoverished	impoverished	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	68	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	456	69	african	african	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	70	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	71	american	american	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	72	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	73	latino	latino	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	74	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	75	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	456	76	immigrant	immigrant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	77	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	78	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	79	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	456	80	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	456	81	subject	subject	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	82	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	83	excessive	excessive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	84	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	85	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	86	disproportionate	disproportionate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	87	rates.129	rates.129	PROPN
cjrl-14166	456	88	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	89	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	90	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	91	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	92	particular	particular	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	93	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	94	experience	experience	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	95	excessive	excessive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	96	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	97	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	98	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	99	interactions	interaction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	100	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	101	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	102	greater	great	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	103	rates	rate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	104	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	105	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	456	106	non	non	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	107	-	-	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	108	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	109	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	110	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	111	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	456	112	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	113	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	114	adolescents	adolescent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	115	develop	develop	VERB
cjrl-14166	456	116	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	456	117	fear	fear	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	118	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	119	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	120	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	121	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	456	122	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	123	age	age	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	124	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	125	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	456	126	understand	understand	VERB
cjrl-14166	456	127	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	456	128	potential	potential	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	129	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	130	unnecessarily	unnecessarily	ADV
cjrl-14166	456	131	excessive	excessive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	132	123	123	NUM
cjrl-14166	456	133	i	i	PROPN
cjrl-14166	456	134	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	456	135	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	136	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	137	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	456	138	bulge	bulge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	139	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	140	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	141	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	142	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	456	143	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	144	described	describe	VERB
cjrl-14166	456	145	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	146	absent	absent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	147	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	456	148	additional	additional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	149	factors	factor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	150	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	151	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	456	152	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	456	153	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	456	154	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	155	grounds	ground	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	156	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	456	157	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	456	158	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	456	159	form	form	VERB
cjrl-14166	456	160	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	456	161	suspicion	suspicion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	162	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	456	163	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	456	164	individual	individual	NOUN
cjrl-14166	456	165	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	456	166	armed	arm	VERB
cjrl-14166	456	167	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	168	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	169	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	456	170	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	457	1	124	124	NUM
cjrl-14166	458	1	i	i	PROPN
cjrl-14166	458	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	458	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	458	4	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	458	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	458	6	investigation	investigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	458	7	determined	determine	VERB
cjrl-14166	458	8	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	458	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	458	10	preponderance	preponderance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	458	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	458	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	458	13	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	458	14	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	458	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	458	16	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	458	17	lacked	lack	VERB
cjrl-14166	458	18	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
cjrl-14166	458	19	justification	justification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	458	20	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	458	21	stop	stop	VERB
cjrl-14166	458	22	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	458	23	frisk	frisk	VERB
cjrl-14166	458	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	458	25	victim	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	458	26	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	459	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	459	2	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	459	3	substantiated	substantiate	VERB
cjrl-14166	459	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	459	5	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	459	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	459	7	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	459	8	allegation	allegation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	459	9	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	459	10	recommended	recommend	VERB
cjrl-14166	459	11	command	command	PROPN
cjrl-14166	459	12	discipline	discipline	PROPN
cjrl-14166	459	13	b.	b.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	459	14	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	459	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	459	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	460	1	125	125	NUM
cjrl-14166	461	1	i	i	NOUN
cjrl-14166	461	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	461	3	126	126	NUM
cjrl-14166	462	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	462	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	462	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	462	4	27–35	27–35	NUM
cjrl-14166	462	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	463	1	127	127	NUM
cjrl-14166	463	2	nyc	nyc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	463	3	civilian	civilian	PROPN
cjrl-14166	463	4	complaint	complaint	PROPN
cjrl-14166	463	5	review	review	PROPN
cjrl-14166	463	6	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	463	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	463	8	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	463	9	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	463	10	74	74	NUM
cjrl-14166	463	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	463	12	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	463	13	16	16	NUM
cjrl-14166	463	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	463	15	128	128	NUM
cjrl-14166	463	16	lisa	lisa	PROPN
cjrl-14166	463	17	h.	h.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	463	18	thurau	thurau	PROPN
cjrl-14166	463	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	463	20	rethinking	rethink	VERB
cjrl-14166	463	21	how	how	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	463	22	we	we	PRON
cjrl-14166	463	23	police	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	463	24	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	463	25	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	463	26	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
cjrl-14166	463	27	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	463	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	463	29	adolescence	adolescence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	463	30	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	463	31	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	463	32	teens	teen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	463	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	463	34	29	29	NUM
cjrl-14166	463	35	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	463	36	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	464	1	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	464	2	rts	rt	NOUN
cjrl-14166	464	3	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	464	4	3	3	PROPN
cjrl-14166	464	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	464	6	30	30	NUM
cjrl-14166	464	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	464	8	2009	2009	NUM
cjrl-14166	464	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	464	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	464	11	adding	add	VERB
cjrl-14166	464	12	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	464	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	464	14	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	464	15	initiated	initiate	VERB
cjrl-14166	464	16	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	464	17	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	464	18	81	81	NUM
cjrl-14166	464	19	%	%	NOUN
cjrl-14166	464	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	464	21	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	464	22	instances	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	464	23	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	464	24	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	465	1	129	129	NUM
cjrl-14166	466	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	466	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	466	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	466	4	31	31	NUM
cjrl-14166	466	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	466	6	1320	1320	NUM
cjrl-14166	466	7	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	466	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	467	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	467	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	467	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	467	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	468	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	468	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	468	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	468	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	468	5	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	468	6	during	during	ADP
cjrl-14166	468	7	interactions	interaction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	468	8	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	468	9	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	468	10	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	468	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	468	12	”130	”130	PROPN
cjrl-14166	469	1	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	469	2	study	study	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	4	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	5	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	469	6	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	7	contact	contact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	8	found	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	9	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	469	10	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	469	11	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	12	urban	urban	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	13	communities	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	14	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	469	15	communities	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	17	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	469	19	traumatic	traumatic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	20	experiences	experience	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	21	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	22	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	23	begin	begin	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	24	early	early	ADV
cjrl-14166	469	25	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	26	life	life	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	469	28	suggesting	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	29	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	469	30	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	469	31	warrant	warrant	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	32	consideration	consideration	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	33	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	34	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	469	35	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	469	36	adverse	adverse	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	37	childhood	childhood	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	38	experiences	experience	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	39	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	469	40	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	469	41	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	469	42	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	469	43	necessitate	necessitate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	44	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	45	health	health	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	46	intervention	intervention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	47	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	469	48	overcome	overcome	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	49	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	469	50	health	health	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	51	disparity	disparity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	52	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	469	53	inevitably	inevitably	ADV
cjrl-14166	469	54	results	result	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	55	between	between	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	56	white	white	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	57	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	469	58	non	non	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	59	-	-	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	60	white	white	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	61	communities	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	62	after	after	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	63	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	64	interactions.131	interactions.131	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	65	this	this	PRON
cjrl-14166	469	66	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	469	67	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	469	68	perception	perception	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	69	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	469	70	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	469	71	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	469	72	lost	lose	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	73	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	74	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	75	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	469	76	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	469	77	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	78	viewing	view	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	79	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	469	80	own	own	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	81	race	race	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	82	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	83	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	469	84	determining	determine	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	85	factor	factor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	86	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	87	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	88	interactions	interaction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	89	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	469	90	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	469	91	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	469	92	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	93	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	94	sources	source	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	95	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	96	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	97	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	469	98	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	99	help.132	help.132	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	100	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	469	101	roles	role	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	102	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	103	race	race	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	104	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	469	105	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	106	intersectional	intersectional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	107	identities	identity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	108	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	469	109	always	always	ADV
cjrl-14166	469	110	relevant	relevant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	111	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	112	conversations	conversation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	113	about	about	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	114	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	115	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	469	116	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	469	117	become	become	VERB
cjrl-14166	469	118	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
cjrl-14166	469	119	important	important	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	120	upon	upon	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	469	121	consideration	consideration	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	122	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	123	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	469	124	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	469	125	bars	bar	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	126	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	127	place	place	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	128	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	469	129	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	469	130	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	470	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	470	2	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	470	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	470	4	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	470	5	racial	racial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	470	6	disparities	disparity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	470	7	appear	appear	VERB
cjrl-14166	470	8	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	470	9	just	just	ADV
cjrl-14166	470	10	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	470	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	470	12	hands	hand	NOUN
cjrl-14166	470	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	470	14	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	470	15	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	470	16	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	470	17	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	470	18	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	470	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	471	1	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	2	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	471	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	471	5	office	office	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	7	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	471	8	justice	justice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	9	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	10	delinquency	delinquency	PROPN
cjrl-14166	471	11	prevention	prevention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	12	notes	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	13	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	14	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	16	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	17	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	471	18	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	471	19	likely	likely	ADJ
cjrl-14166	471	20	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	471	21	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	22	criminal	criminal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	471	23	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	24	arrest	arrest	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	25	records	record	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	26	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	27	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	471	28	white	white	PROPN
cjrl-14166	471	29	counterparts.133	counterparts.133	PROPN
cjrl-14166	471	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	471	31	floyd	floyd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	471	32	monitor	monitor	PROPN
cjrl-14166	471	33	report	report	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	34	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	35	nypd	nypd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	471	36	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	37	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	471	39	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	40	report	report	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	41	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	42	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	43	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	44	policing	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	45	together	together	ADV
cjrl-14166	471	46	highlights	highlight	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	47	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	471	48	racialization	racialization	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	49	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	50	stop	stop	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	51	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	471	52	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	53	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	471	54	frisk	frisk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	55	policies	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	56	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	471	57	indicating	indicate	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	58	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	59	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	60	tend	tend	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	61	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	471	62	stop	stop	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	63	people	people	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	64	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	65	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	66	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	67	higher	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	471	68	rates	rate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	69	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	471	70	accusing	accuse	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	71	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	471	72	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	73	actively	actively	ADV
cjrl-14166	471	74	engaging	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	75	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	76	crimes	crime	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	77	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	78	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	79	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	471	80	pretense	pretense	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	81	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	82	matching	match	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	83	descriptions	description	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	84	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	85	suspects	suspect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	86	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	87	already	already	ADV
cjrl-14166	471	88	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	471	89	committed	commit	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	90	crimes.134	crimes.134	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	91	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	92	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	471	93	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	94	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	471	95	complaining	complain	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	96	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	97	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	98	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	471	99	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	100	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	101	has	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	102	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	471	103	previous	previous	ADJ
cjrl-14166	471	104	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	105	record	record	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	106	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	107	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	471	108	alleged	allege	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	109	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	471	110	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	471	111	engaged	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	112	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	113	criminal	criminal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	471	114	activity	activity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	115	130	130	NUM
cjrl-14166	471	116	devan	devan	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	117	byrd	byrd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	471	118	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	471	119	challenging	challenge	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	120	excessive	excessive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	471	121	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	122	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	471	123	why	why	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	124	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	125	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	126	disproportionately	disproportionately	ADV
cjrl-14166	471	127	exercise	exercise	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	128	excessive	excessive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	471	129	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	130	towards	towards	ADP
cjrl-14166	471	131	blacks	black	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	132	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	133	why	why	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	471	134	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	471	135	systemic	systemic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	471	136	problem	problem	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	137	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	471	138	end	end	VERB
cjrl-14166	471	139	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	471	140	8	8	NUM
cjrl-14166	471	141	ala	ala	NOUN
cjrl-14166	471	142	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	472	1	c.r	c.r	PROPN
cjrl-14166	472	2	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	472	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	472	4	c.l	c.l	PROPN
cjrl-14166	472	5	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	472	6	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	472	7	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	472	8	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	472	9	93	93	NUM
cjrl-14166	472	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	472	11	107	107	NUM
cjrl-14166	472	12	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	472	13	2017	2017	NUM
cjrl-14166	472	14	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	472	15	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	472	16	yolander	yolander	NOUN
cjrl-14166	472	17	g.	g.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	472	18	hurst	hurst	PROPN
cjrl-14166	472	19	et	et	PROPN
cjrl-14166	472	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	473	1	al	al	PROPN
cjrl-14166	473	2	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	473	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	473	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	473	5	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
cjrl-14166	473	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	473	7	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	473	8	toward	toward	ADP
cjrl-14166	473	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	473	10	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	473	11	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	473	12	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	473	13	comparison	comparison	NOUN
cjrl-14166	473	14	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	473	15	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	473	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	473	17	white	white	ADJ
cjrl-14166	473	18	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	473	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	473	20	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	473	21	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	473	22	int’l	int’l	NUM
cjrl-14166	473	23	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	473	24	police	police	PROPN
cjrl-14166	473	25	strategies	strategy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	473	26	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	473	27	mgmt	mgmt	PROPN
cjrl-14166	473	28	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	474	1	37	37	NUM
cjrl-14166	474	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	474	3	37	37	NUM
cjrl-14166	474	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	474	5	1997	1997	NUM
cjrl-14166	474	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	474	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	474	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	474	9	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	474	10	expect	expect	VERB
cjrl-14166	474	11	trouble	trouble	NOUN
cjrl-14166	474	12	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	474	13	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	474	14	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	474	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	474	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	474	17	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	474	18	turn	turn	NOUN
cjrl-14166	474	19	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	474	20	black	black	ADJ
cjrl-14166	474	21	males	male	NOUN
cjrl-14166	474	22	expect	expect	VERB
cjrl-14166	474	23	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	474	24	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	474	25	disrespected	disrespect	VERB
cjrl-14166	474	26	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	474	27	harmed	harm	VERB
cjrl-14166	474	28	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	474	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	474	30	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	474	31	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	474	32	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	474	33	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	474	34	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	475	1	131	131	NUM
cjrl-14166	475	2	geller	geller	PROPN
cjrl-14166	475	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	475	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	475	5	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	475	6	75	75	NUM
cjrl-14166	475	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	475	8	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	475	9	adverse	adverse	ADJ
cjrl-14166	475	10	childhood	childhood	NOUN
cjrl-14166	475	11	experiences	experience	NOUN
cjrl-14166	475	12	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	475	13	aces	ace	NOUN
cjrl-14166	475	14	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	475	15	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	475	16	potentially	potentially	ADV
cjrl-14166	475	17	traumatic	traumatic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	475	18	events	event	NOUN
cjrl-14166	475	19	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	475	20	occur	occur	VERB
cjrl-14166	475	21	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	475	22	childhood	childhood	NOUN
cjrl-14166	475	23	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	475	24	environmental	environmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	475	25	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	475	26	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	475	27	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	475	28	undermine	undermine	VERB
cjrl-14166	475	29	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	475	30	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	475	31	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	475	32	sense	sense	NOUN
cjrl-14166	475	33	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	475	34	safety	safety	NOUN
cjrl-14166	475	35	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	475	36	stability	stability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	475	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	475	38	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	475	39	bonding	bonding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	475	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	476	1	aces	ace	NOUN
cjrl-14166	476	2	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	476	3	contribute	contribute	VERB
cjrl-14166	476	4	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	476	5	toxic	toxic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	476	6	stress	stress	NOUN
cjrl-14166	476	7	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	476	8	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	476	9	harm	harm	VERB
cjrl-14166	476	10	development	development	NOUN
cjrl-14166	476	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	476	12	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	476	13	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	476	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	477	1	these	these	PRON
cjrl-14166	477	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	477	3	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	477	4	turn	turn	NOUN
cjrl-14166	477	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	477	6	influence	influence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	477	7	adult	adult	NOUN
cjrl-14166	477	8	health	health	NOUN
cjrl-14166	477	9	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	477	10	health	health	NOUN
cjrl-14166	477	11	risk	risk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	477	12	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
cjrl-14166	477	13	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	477	14	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	477	15	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	477	16	transmitted	transmit	VERB
cjrl-14166	477	17	intergenerationally	intergenerationally	ADV
cjrl-14166	477	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	477	19	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	478	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	478	2	footnotes	footnote	NOUN
cjrl-14166	478	3	omitted	omit	VERB
cjrl-14166	478	4	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	478	5	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	478	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	479	1	132	132	NUM
cjrl-14166	479	2	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	479	3	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	479	4	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	479	5	35	35	NUM
cjrl-14166	479	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	480	1	133	133	NUM
cjrl-14166	480	2	racial	racial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	480	3	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	480	4	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	480	5	disparity	disparity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	480	6	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	480	7	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	480	8	justice	justice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	480	9	processing	processing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	480	10	literature	literature	PROPN
cjrl-14166	480	11	review	review	PROPN
cjrl-14166	480	12	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	480	13	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	480	14	product	product	NOUN
cjrl-14166	480	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	480	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	480	17	model	model	NOUN
cjrl-14166	480	18	programs	program	NOUN
cjrl-14166	480	19	guide	guide	VERB
cjrl-14166	480	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	480	21	office	office	NOUN
cjrl-14166	480	22	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	480	23	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	480	24	justice	justice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	480	25	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	480	26	delinquency	delinquency	PROPN
cjrl-14166	480	27	prevention	prevention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	480	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	480	29	https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/modelprograms-guide/literature-reviews/racial-and-ethnic-disparity#1-0	https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/modelprograms-guide/literature-reviews/racial-and-ethnic-disparity#1-0	PROPN
cjrl-14166	480	30	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	480	31	https://perma.cc/g4eb-bltz	https://perma.cc/g4eb-bltz	ADJ
cjrl-14166	480	32	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	480	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	1	134	134	NUM
cjrl-14166	481	2	yates	yate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	481	5	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	481	6	115	115	NUM
cjrl-14166	481	7	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	8	nyc	nyc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	481	9	civilian	civilian	PROPN
cjrl-14166	481	10	complaint	complaint	PROPN
cjrl-14166	481	11	review	review	PROPN
cjrl-14166	481	12	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	14	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	481	15	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	16	74	74	NUM
cjrl-14166	481	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	18	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	481	19	27–35	27–35	NUM
cjrl-14166	481	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	21	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	481	22	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	23	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	25	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	26	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	481	27	1321	1321	NUM
cjrl-14166	481	28	during	during	ADP
cjrl-14166	481	29	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	481	30	around	around	ADP
cjrl-14166	481	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	481	32	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	481	33	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	34	leading	lead	VERB
cjrl-14166	481	35	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	481	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	481	37	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	481	38	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	481	39	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	40	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	41	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	481	42	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	481	43	often	often	ADV
cjrl-14166	481	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	481	45	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	46	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	481	47	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	481	48	comes	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	481	49	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	481	50	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	51	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	52	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	53	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	54	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	55	obtaining	obtain	VERB
cjrl-14166	481	56	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	57	becomes	become	VERB
cjrl-14166	481	58	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	481	59	harder.135	harder.135	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	60	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	481	61	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	481	62	risk	risk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	63	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	481	64	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	481	65	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	66	simplification	simplification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	67	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	68	true	true	ADJ
cjrl-14166	481	69	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	481	70	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	71	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	481	72	functionally	functionally	ADV
cjrl-14166	481	73	non	non	ADJ
cjrl-14166	481	74	-	-	ADJ
cjrl-14166	481	75	existent	existent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	481	76	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	481	77	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	78	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	79	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	481	80	engage	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	481	81	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	481	82	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	83	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	84	disproportionately	disproportionately	ADV
cjrl-14166	481	85	harming	harm	VERB
cjrl-14166	481	86	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	87	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	481	88	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	89	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	481	90	particular	particular	ADJ
cjrl-14166	481	91	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	481	92	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	481	93	people	people	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	94	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	481	95	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	481	96	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	482	1	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	482	2	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	482	3	disappointing	disappointing	ADJ
cjrl-14166	482	4	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	482	5	concerning	concern	VERB
cjrl-14166	482	6	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	482	7	obtaining	obtain	VERB
cjrl-14166	482	8	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	482	9	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	482	10	ensuring	ensure	VERB
cjrl-14166	482	11	accountability	accountability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	482	12	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	482	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	482	14	wake	wake	NOUN
cjrl-14166	482	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	482	16	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	482	17	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	482	18	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	482	19	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	482	20	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	482	21	such	such	DET
cjrl-14166	482	22	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	482	23	elusive	elusive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	482	24	goal	goal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	482	25	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	482	26	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	482	27	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	482	28	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	482	29	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	482	30	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	482	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	482	32	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	482	33	often	often	ADV
cjrl-14166	482	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	482	35	impoverished	impoverished	ADJ
cjrl-14166	482	36	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	482	37	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	482	38	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	482	39	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	482	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	483	1	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	483	2	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	3	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	483	4	thus	thus	ADV
cjrl-14166	483	5	forced	force	VERB
cjrl-14166	483	6	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	483	7	pursue	pursue	VERB
cjrl-14166	483	8	red	red	ADJ
cjrl-14166	483	9	herring	herring	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	10	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	483	11	solutions	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	12	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	483	13	both	both	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	483	14	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	483	15	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	483	16	out	out	ADP
cjrl-14166	483	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	483	18	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	19	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	483	20	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	483	21	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	483	23	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	24	department	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	25	codes	code	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	483	27	silence	silence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	483	29	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	483	30	monell	monell	AUX
cjrl-14166	483	31	work	work	VERB
cjrl-14166	483	32	together	together	ADV
cjrl-14166	483	33	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	483	34	prevent	prevent	VERB
cjrl-14166	483	35	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	483	36	individual	individual	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	37	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	483	38	institution	institution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	39	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	483	40	taking	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	483	41	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	483	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	483	43	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	44	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	483	45	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	46	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	483	47	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	48	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	483	49	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	483	50	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	51	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	52	investigating	investigate	VERB
cjrl-14166	483	53	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	483	54	addressing	address	VERB
cjrl-14166	483	55	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	56	further	far	ADV
cjrl-14166	483	57	shield	shield	VERB
cjrl-14166	483	58	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	59	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	483	60	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	483	61	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	62	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	483	63	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	64	outside	outside	ADP
cjrl-14166	483	65	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	483	66	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	483	67	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	484	1	b.	b.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	484	2	parens	parens	PROPN
cjrl-14166	484	3	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	4	provides	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	5	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	484	6	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	7	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	484	8	enforcing	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	9	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	10	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	484	11	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	12	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	484	13	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	484	15	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	484	16	fails	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	17	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	484	18	enforce	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	19	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	20	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	484	21	creating	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	22	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	23	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	484	24	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	484	25	sued	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	484	27	failures	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	484	29	monell	monell	PRON
cjrl-14166	484	30	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	484	31	long	long	ADV
cjrl-14166	484	32	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	484	33	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	484	34	subject	subject	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	35	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	484	36	extensive	extensive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	484	37	discussion	discussion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	484	39	indicating	indicate	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	40	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	484	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	484	42	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	43	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	484	44	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	45	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	484	46	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	47	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	484	48	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	484	49	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	484	50	own	own	ADJ
cjrl-14166	484	51	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	52	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	53	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	54	’	’	PART
cjrl-14166	484	55	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	484	56	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	57	fail	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	58	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	484	59	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	484	60	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	484	61	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	484	62	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	63	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	484	64	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	484	65	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	484	66	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	485	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	485	2	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	485	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	485	4	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	485	5	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	485	6	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	485	7	highly	highly	ADV
cjrl-14166	485	8	relevant	relevant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	485	9	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	485	10	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	485	11	discussion	discussion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	485	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	485	13	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	485	14	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	485	15	inapplicability	inapplicability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	485	16	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	485	17	municipalities.136	municipalities.136	VERB
cjrl-14166	485	18	135	135	NUM
cjrl-14166	485	19	amelia	amelia	PROPN
cjrl-14166	485	20	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	485	21	waller	waller	PROPN
cjrl-14166	485	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	485	23	note	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	485	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	485	25	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	485	26	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	485	27	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	485	28	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	485	29	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	485	30	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	485	31	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	485	32	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	485	33	expanding	expand	VERB
cjrl-14166	485	34	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	485	35	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
cjrl-14166	485	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	485	37	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	485	38	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	485	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	485	40	16	16	NUM
cjrl-14166	485	41	ga	ga	PROPN
cjrl-14166	485	42	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	485	43	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	485	44	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	485	45	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	485	46	865	865	NUM
cjrl-14166	485	47	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	485	48	873	873	NUM
cjrl-14166	485	49	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	485	50	1982	1982	NUM
cjrl-14166	485	51	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	485	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	486	1	136	136	NUM
cjrl-14166	486	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	486	3	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	486	4	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	486	5	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	486	6	b.1	b.1	VERB
cjrl-14166	486	7	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	486	8	1322	1322	NUM
cjrl-14166	486	9	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	486	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	487	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	487	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	487	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	487	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	488	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	488	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	488	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	488	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	489	1	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	489	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	489	3	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	4	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	5	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	489	6	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	7	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	8	allows	allow	VERB
cjrl-14166	489	9	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	10	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	489	11	avoid	avoid	VERB
cjrl-14166	489	12	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	13	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	489	14	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	489	15	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	489	16	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	489	17	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	18	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	19	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	20	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	489	21	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	489	22	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	489	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	489	24	idea	idea	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	489	26	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	27	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	489	28	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	29	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	489	30	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	489	32	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	489	33	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	34	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	489	35	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	36	do	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	489	37	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	489	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	489	39	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	489	40	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	489	41	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	489	42	unable	unable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	489	43	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	489	44	invoke	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	489	45	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	489	46	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	47	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	489	48	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	489	49	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	50	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	489	51	bringing	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	489	52	suit.137	suit.137	PRON
cjrl-14166	489	53	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	489	54	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	489	55	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	489	56	instances	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	57	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	489	58	special	special	ADJ
cjrl-14166	489	59	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	489	60	authorization	authorization	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	61	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	489	62	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	489	63	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	64	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	489	65	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	66	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	489	67	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	489	68	able	able	ADJ
cjrl-14166	489	69	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	489	70	invoke	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	489	71	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	489	72	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	73	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	489	74	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	489	75	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	490	1	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	2	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	490	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	490	5	delaware	delaware	PROPN
cjrl-14166	490	6	court	court	PROPN
cjrl-14166	490	7	recognized	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	490	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	490	9	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	11	wilmington	wilmington	PROPN
cjrl-14166	490	12	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	490	13	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	14	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	490	15	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	490	16	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	17	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	18	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	19	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	490	21	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	22	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	490	24	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	25	delegated	delegate	VERB
cjrl-14166	490	26	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	27	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	490	28	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	490	30	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	31	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	32	act.138	act.138	PROPN
cjrl-14166	490	33	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	490	34	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	35	designated	designate	VERB
cjrl-14166	490	36	wilmington	wilmington	PROPN
cjrl-14166	490	37	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	38	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	490	39	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	40	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	41	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	42	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	490	43	granting	grant	VERB
cjrl-14166	490	44	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	490	45	some	some	PRON
cjrl-14166	490	46	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	47	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	490	48	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	49	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	50	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	490	51	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	490	52	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	490	53	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	490	54	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	55	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	490	56	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	57	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	490	58	create	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	490	59	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	490	60	own	own	ADJ
cjrl-14166	490	61	laws	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	62	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	490	63	subject	subject	ADJ
cjrl-14166	490	64	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	65	certain	certain	ADJ
cjrl-14166	490	66	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	490	67	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	490	68	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	490	69	limitations.139	limitations.139	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	70	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	490	71	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	72	found	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	490	73	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	490	74	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	75	typically	typically	ADV
cjrl-14166	490	76	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	490	77	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	490	78	assert	assert	VERB
cjrl-14166	490	79	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	490	80	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	81	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	490	82	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	83	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	490	84	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	490	85	constitution	constitution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	86	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	490	87	recognizes	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	490	88	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	490	89	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	490	90	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	490	91	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	92	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	93	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	94	sovereigns	sovereign	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	95	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	490	96	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	490	97	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	490	98	pursuant	pursuant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	490	99	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	100	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	490	101	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	490	102	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	103	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	490	104	wilmington	wilmington	PROPN
cjrl-14166	490	105	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	490	106	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	490	107	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	490	108	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	490	109	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	110	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	111	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	112	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	113	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	114	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	115	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	490	116	residents	resident	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	117	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	490	118	particularly	particularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	490	119	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	120	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	121	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	490	122	residents	resident	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	123	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	490	124	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	490	125	children.140	children.140	NUM
cjrl-14166	490	126	137	137	NUM
cjrl-14166	490	127	capital	capital	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	128	view	view	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	129	fire	fire	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	130	dist	dist	NOUN
cjrl-14166	490	131	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	1	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	491	2	county	county	PROPN
cjrl-14166	491	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	491	4	richland	richland	PROPN
cjrl-14166	491	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	6	377	377	NUM
cjrl-14166	491	7	s.e.2d	s.e.2d	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	8	122	122	NUM
cjrl-14166	491	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	10	124	124	NUM
cjrl-14166	491	11	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	12	1989	1989	NUM
cjrl-14166	491	13	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	14	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	15	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	16	political	political	ADJ
cjrl-14166	491	17	subdivisions	subdivision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	19	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	491	20	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	491	21	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	22	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	491	23	counties	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	25	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	491	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	27	lack	lack	VERB
cjrl-14166	491	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	491	29	element	element	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	491	31	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	32	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	491	33	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	491	34	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	491	35	prerequisite	prerequisite	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	36	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	491	37	maintaining	maintain	VERB
cjrl-14166	491	38	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	491	39	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	40	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	491	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	491	42	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	43	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	491	44	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	45	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	47	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	48	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	49	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	50	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	51	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	491	52	county	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	53	com’rs	com’rs	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	54	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	491	55	arapahoe	arapahoe	PROPN
cjrl-14166	491	56	county	county	PROPN
cjrl-14166	491	57	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	491	58	denver	denver	PROPN
cjrl-14166	491	59	bd	bd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	491	60	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	491	61	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	491	62	water	water	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	63	com’rs	com’rs	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	64	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	65	718	718	NUM
cjrl-14166	491	66	p.2d	p.2d	SYM
cjrl-14166	491	67	235	235	NUM
cjrl-14166	491	68	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	69	241	241	NUM
cjrl-14166	491	70	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	71	1986	1986	NUM
cjrl-14166	491	72	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	73	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	74	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	75	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	491	76	c]ounties	c]ountie	NOUN
cjrl-14166	491	77	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	491	78	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	492	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	493	1	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	493	2	political	political	ADJ
cjrl-14166	493	3	subdivisions	subdivision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	493	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	493	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	493	6	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	493	7	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	493	8	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	493	9	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	493	10	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	493	11	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	493	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	493	13	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	493	14	delegates	delegate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	493	15	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	493	16	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	493	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	493	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	493	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	493	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	494	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	494	2	w]e	w]e	NOUN
cjrl-14166	494	3	hold	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	494	4	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	494	5	countries	country	NOUN
cjrl-14166	494	6	lack	lack	VERB
cjrl-14166	494	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	494	8	element	element	NOUN
cjrl-14166	494	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	494	10	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	494	11	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	494	12	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	494	13	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	494	14	necessary	necessary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	494	15	prerequisite	prerequisite	NOUN
cjrl-14166	494	16	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	494	17	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	494	18	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	494	19	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	494	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	494	21	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	494	22	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	494	23	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	494	24	eli	eli	PROPN
cjrl-14166	494	25	savit	savit	PROPN
cjrl-14166	494	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	494	27	states	state	VERB
cjrl-14166	494	28	empowering	empower	VERB
cjrl-14166	494	29	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	494	30	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	494	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	494	32	52	52	NUM
cjrl-14166	494	33	u.	u.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	494	34	mich	mich	PROPN
cjrl-14166	494	35	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	495	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	495	2	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	495	3	reform	reform	PROPN
cjrl-14166	495	4	581	581	NUM
cjrl-14166	495	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	495	6	605	605	NUM
cjrl-14166	495	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	495	8	2019	2019	NUM
cjrl-14166	495	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	495	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	495	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	495	12	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	495	13	t]he	t]he	ADJ
cjrl-14166	495	14	ninth	ninth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	495	15	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	495	16	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	495	17	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	495	18	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	495	19	political	political	ADJ
cjrl-14166	495	20	subdivisions”–cities	subdivisions”–cities	PROPN
cjrl-14166	495	21	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	495	22	counties	county	NOUN
cjrl-14166	495	23	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	495	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	495	25	like–‘cannot	like–‘cannot	ADJ
cjrl-14166	495	26	sue	sue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	495	27	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	495	28	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	495	29	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	495	30	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	495	31	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	496	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
cjrl-14166	496	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	496	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	496	4	fifth	fifth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	496	5	circuit	circuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	496	6	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	496	7	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	496	8	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	496	9	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	496	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	496	11	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	496	12	mere	mere	ADJ
cjrl-14166	496	13	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	496	14	creature[s	creature[s	NOUN
cjrl-14166	496	15	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	496	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	496	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	496	18	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	496	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	496	20	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	496	21	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	496	22	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	496	23	exercise	exercise	VERB
cjrl-14166	496	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	496	25	same	same	ADJ
cjrl-14166	496	26	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	496	27	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	496	28	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	496	29	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	496	30	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	496	31	parent	parent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	496	32	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	496	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	497	1	multiple	multiple	ADJ
cjrl-14166	497	2	district	district	NOUN
cjrl-14166	497	3	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	497	4	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	497	5	reached	reach	VERB
cjrl-14166	497	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	497	7	same	same	ADJ
cjrl-14166	497	8	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	497	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	497	10	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	498	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	498	2	quoting	quote	VERB
cjrl-14166	498	3	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	498	4	re	re	PROPN
cjrl-14166	498	5	multidistrict	multidistrict	PROPN
cjrl-14166	498	6	vehicle	vehicle	PROPN
cjrl-14166	498	7	air	air	PROPN
cjrl-14166	498	8	pollution	pollution	PROPN
cjrl-14166	498	9	m.d.l	m.d.l	NOUN
cjrl-14166	498	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	499	1	no	no	INTJ
cjrl-14166	499	2	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	500	1	31	31	NUM
cjrl-14166	500	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	500	3	481	481	NUM
cjrl-14166	500	4	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cjrl-14166	500	5	122	122	NUM
cjrl-14166	500	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	500	7	131	131	NUM
cjrl-14166	500	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	500	9	9th	9th	ADJ
cjrl-14166	500	10	cir	cir	NOUN
cjrl-14166	500	11	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	500	12	1973	1973	NUM
cjrl-14166	500	13	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	500	14	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	500	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	501	1	138	138	NUM
cjrl-14166	501	2	22	22	NUM
cjrl-14166	501	3	del	del	PROPN
cjrl-14166	501	4	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	501	5	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	501	6	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	501	7	802	802	NUM
cjrl-14166	501	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	501	9	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	501	10	every	every	DET
cjrl-14166	501	11	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	501	12	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	501	13	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	501	14	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	501	15	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	501	16	containing	contain	VERB
cjrl-14166	501	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	501	18	population	population	NOUN
cjrl-14166	501	19	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	501	20	at	at	ADV
cjrl-14166	501	21	least	least	ADJ
cjrl-14166	501	22	1,000	1,000	NUM
cjrl-14166	501	23	persons	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	501	24	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	501	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	501	26	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	502	1	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	502	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	502	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	502	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	1	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	503	2	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	503	3	assume	assume	VERB
cjrl-14166	503	4	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	503	5	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	6	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	503	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	8	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	503	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	503	10	constitution	constitution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	503	12	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	503	13	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	15	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	503	16	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	503	17	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	503	18	competent	competent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	503	19	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	503	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	503	21	general	general	ADJ
cjrl-14166	503	22	assembly	assembly	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	23	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	503	24	grant	grant	VERB
cjrl-14166	503	25	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	503	26	specific	specific	ADJ
cjrl-14166	503	27	enumeration	enumeration	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	28	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	503	29	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	503	30	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	503	31	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	503	32	denied	deny	VERB
cjrl-14166	503	33	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	503	34	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	35	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	36	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	37	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	38	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	39	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	503	40	re	re	PROPN
cjrl-14166	503	41	delaware	delaware	PROPN
cjrl-14166	503	42	public	public	PROPN
cjrl-14166	503	43	schools	schools	PROPN
cjrl-14166	503	44	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	45	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	46	239	239	NUM
cjrl-14166	503	47	a.3d	a.3d	ADP
cjrl-14166	503	48	451	451	NUM
cjrl-14166	503	49	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	50	521	521	NUM
cjrl-14166	503	51	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	52	2020	2020	NUM
cjrl-14166	503	53	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	54	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	55	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	56	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	503	57	general	general	ADJ
cjrl-14166	503	58	assembly	assembly	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	59	chose	choose	VERB
cjrl-14166	503	60	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	503	61	grant	grant	VERB
cjrl-14166	503	62	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	63	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	503	64	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	65	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	503	66	assume	assume	VERB
cjrl-14166	503	67	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	68	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	503	69	themselves	themselves	PRON
cjrl-14166	503	70	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	503	71	declaring	declare	VERB
cjrl-14166	503	72	themselves	themselves	PRON
cjrl-14166	503	73	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	503	74	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	503	75	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	76	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	77	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	78	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	503	79	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	80	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	81	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	82	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	503	83	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	504	1	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	2	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	3	statutes	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	4	give	give	VERB
cjrl-14166	504	5	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	504	6	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	504	7	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	8	some	some	DET
cjrl-14166	504	9	control	control	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	10	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	504	11	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	504	12	own	own	ADJ
cjrl-14166	504	13	political	political	ADJ
cjrl-14166	504	14	structure	structure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	15	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	504	16	some	some	DET
cjrl-14166	504	17	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	18	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	504	19	adopt	adopt	VERB
cjrl-14166	504	20	new	new	ADJ
cjrl-14166	504	21	laws	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	22	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	504	23	initiate	initiate	VERB
cjrl-14166	504	24	new	new	ADJ
cjrl-14166	504	25	regulations	regulation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	26	concerning	concern	VERB
cjrl-14166	504	27	matters	matter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	504	29	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	504	30	concern	concern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	31	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	504	32	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	504	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	504	34	somewhat	somewhat	ADV
cjrl-14166	504	35	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	504	36	uncertainly	uncertainly	ADV
cjrl-14166	504	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	504	38	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	504	39	measure	measure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	40	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	504	41	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	42	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	504	43	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	44	displacement	displacement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	45	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	504	46	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	47	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	504	48	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	504	49	measures	measure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	50	come	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	504	51	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	504	52	conflict	conflict	NOUN
cjrl-14166	504	53	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	505	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	505	2	richard	richard	PROPN
cjrl-14166	505	3	briffault	briffault	PROPN
cjrl-14166	505	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	505	5	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	505	6	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	505	7	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	505	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	505	9	twenty	twenty	NUM
cjrl-14166	505	10	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	505	11	first	first	ADJ
cjrl-14166	505	12	century	century	NOUN
cjrl-14166	505	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	505	14	36	36	NUM
cjrl-14166	505	15	urb	urb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	505	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	505	17	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	505	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	506	1	253	253	NUM
cjrl-14166	506	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	506	3	257	257	NUM
cjrl-14166	506	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	506	5	2004	2004	NUM
cjrl-14166	506	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	506	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	507	1	139	139	NUM
cjrl-14166	508	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	508	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	508	3	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	508	4	schadt	schadt	PROPN
cjrl-14166	508	5	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	508	6	latchford	latchford	NOUN
cjrl-14166	508	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	508	8	843	843	NUM
cjrl-14166	508	9	a.2d	a.2d	SYM
cjrl-14166	508	10	689	689	NUM
cjrl-14166	508	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	508	12	691	691	NUM
cjrl-14166	508	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	508	14	del	del	PROPN
cjrl-14166	508	15	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	508	16	2004	2004	NUM
cjrl-14166	508	17	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	508	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	509	1	140	140	NUM
cjrl-14166	509	2	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	509	3	re	re	PROPN
cjrl-14166	509	4	delaware	delaware	PROPN
cjrl-14166	509	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	509	6	239	239	NUM
cjrl-14166	509	7	a.3d	a.3d	NUM
cjrl-14166	509	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	509	9	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	509	10	524	524	NUM
cjrl-14166	509	11	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	509	12	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	509	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	509	14	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	509	15	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	509	16	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	509	17	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	509	18	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	509	19	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	509	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	509	21	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	509	22	residents	resident	NOUN
cjrl-14166	509	23	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	509	24	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	509	25	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	509	26	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	509	27	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	509	28	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	509	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	510	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	510	2	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	510	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	510	4	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	510	5	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	510	6	applies	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	510	7	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	510	8	special	special	ADJ
cjrl-14166	510	9	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	510	10	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	510	11	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	510	12	sovereign	sovereign	NOUN
cjrl-14166	510	13	asserts	assert	VERB
cjrl-14166	510	14	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	510	15	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	510	16	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	510	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	510	18	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	510	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	510	20	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	511	1	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	511	2	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	511	3	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	511	4	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	511	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	511	6	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	511	7	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	511	8	1323	1323	NUM
cjrl-14166	511	9	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	511	10	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	511	11	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	511	12	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	511	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	511	14	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	511	15	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	511	16	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	511	17	designated	designate	VERB
cjrl-14166	511	18	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	511	19	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	511	20	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	511	21	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	511	22	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	511	23	similar	similar	ADJ
cjrl-14166	511	24	authority,141	authority,141	NOUN
cjrl-14166	511	25	though	though	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	511	26	this	this	PRON
cjrl-14166	511	27	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	511	28	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	511	29	true	true	ADJ
cjrl-14166	511	30	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	511	31	every	every	DET
cjrl-14166	511	32	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	511	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	512	1	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	512	2	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	512	4	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	512	5	california	california	PROPN
cjrl-14166	512	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	512	7	charter	charter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	8	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	9	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	512	10	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	11	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	12	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	13	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	512	14	general	general	ADJ
cjrl-14166	512	15	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	512	16	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	17	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	18	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	512	19	subject	subject	ADJ
cjrl-14166	512	20	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	512	21	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	22	laws.142	laws.142	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	23	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	512	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	512	25	existence	existence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	512	27	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	512	28	exception	exception	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	512	30	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	31	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	32	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	33	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	512	34	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	512	35	automatically	automatically	ADV
cjrl-14166	512	36	confer	confer	VERB
cjrl-14166	512	37	sovereignty.143	sovereignty.143	PROPN
cjrl-14166	512	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	512	39	delaware	delaware	PROPN
cjrl-14166	512	40	court	court	PROPN
cjrl-14166	512	41	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	512	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	512	43	exception	exception	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	44	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	512	45	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	46	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	512	47	resistant	resistant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	512	48	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	512	49	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	512	50	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	512	51	authorization	authorization	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	52	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	512	53	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	512	54	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	513	1	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	513	2	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	513	3	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	513	4	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	513	5	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	513	6	statutorily	statutorily	ADV
cjrl-14166	513	7	authorize	authorize	VERB
cjrl-14166	513	8	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	513	9	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	513	10	sovereigns	sovereign	NOUN
cjrl-14166	513	11	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	513	12	limited	limited	ADJ
cjrl-14166	513	13	contexts	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	513	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	513	15	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	513	16	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	513	17	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	513	18	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	513	19	comes	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	513	20	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	513	21	policing	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	513	22	harms	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	513	23	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	513	24	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	513	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	513	26	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	513	27	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	513	28	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	513	29	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	513	30	stands	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	513	31	now	now	ADV
cjrl-14166	513	32	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	513	33	fail	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	513	34	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	513	35	live	live	VERB
cjrl-14166	513	36	up	up	ADP
cjrl-14166	513	37	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	513	38	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	513	39	own	own	ADJ
cjrl-14166	513	40	goals	goal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	513	41	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	514	1	after	after	ADV
cjrl-14166	514	2	all	all	ADV
cjrl-14166	514	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	514	4	giving	give	VERB
cjrl-14166	514	5	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	514	6	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	514	7	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	514	8	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	514	9	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	514	10	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	514	11	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	514	12	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	514	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	514	14	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	514	15	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	514	16	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	514	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	514	18	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	514	19	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	514	20	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	514	21	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	514	22	meaningless	meaningless	ADJ
cjrl-14166	514	23	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	514	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	514	25	object	object	NOUN
cjrl-14166	514	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	514	27	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	514	28	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	514	29	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	514	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	514	31	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	514	32	itself	itself	PRON
cjrl-14166	514	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	515	1	2	2	X
cjrl-14166	515	2	.	.	NUM
cjrl-14166	515	3	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	4	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	5	provides	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	6	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	515	7	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	8	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	515	9	enforcing	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	10	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	11	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	515	12	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	13	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	515	14	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	515	16	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	515	17	fails	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	18	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	515	19	enforce	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	20	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	21	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	515	22	creating	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	23	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	24	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	515	25	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	515	26	sued	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	27	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	28	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	29	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	515	30	definition	definition	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	31	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	32	both	both	DET
cjrl-14166	515	33	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	34	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	515	35	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	36	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	515	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	515	38	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	515	40	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	515	41	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	515	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	515	43	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	44	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	515	45	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	46	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	515	47	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	515	48	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	49	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	515	50	enforced	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	51	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	515	52	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	515	53	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	515	54	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	55	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	56	exists	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	57	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	515	58	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	515	59	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	515	60	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	515	61	come	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	515	62	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	515	63	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	515	64	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	516	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	516	2	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	516	3	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	516	4	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	516	5	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	516	6	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	516	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	516	8	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	516	9	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	516	10	join	join	VERB
cjrl-14166	516	11	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	516	12	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	516	13	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	516	14	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	516	15	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	516	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	516	17	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	516	18	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	516	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	516	20	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	516	21	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	516	22	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	516	23	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	516	24	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	516	25	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	516	26	being	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	516	27	able	able	ADJ
cjrl-14166	516	28	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	516	29	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	516	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	516	31	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	516	32	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	516	33	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	516	34	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	516	35	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	516	36	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	516	37	entirely	entirely	ADV
cjrl-14166	516	38	different	different	ADJ
cjrl-14166	516	39	endeavor	endeavor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	516	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	1	141	141	NUM
cjrl-14166	517	2	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	517	3	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	517	4	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	517	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	6	mhr	mhr	NOUN
cjrl-14166	517	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	8	chapter	chapter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	517	9	36	36	NUM
cjrl-14166	517	10	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	11	a	a	PRON
cjrl-14166	517	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	13	article	article	NOUN
cjrl-14166	517	14	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	517	15	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	16	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	517	17	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	517	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	19	kathy	kathy	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	20	hochul	hochul	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	21	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	22	governor	governor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	517	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	24	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	517	25	water	water	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	26	t.	t.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	27	mosley	mosley	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	29	secretary	secretary	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	517	31	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	517	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	33	adopting	adopt	VERB
cjrl-14166	517	34	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	517	35	laws	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	517	36	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	517	37	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	38	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	39	state	state	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	40	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	41	james	james	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	42	a.	a.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	43	coon	coon	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	44	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	517	45	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	517	46	technical	technical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	517	47	series	series	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	48	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	49	department	department	PROPN
cjrl-14166	517	50	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	517	51	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	517	52	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	53	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	517	54	government	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	517	55	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	56	1998	1998	NUM
cjrl-14166	517	57	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	58	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	59	reprinted	reprint	VERB
cjrl-14166	517	60	2024	2024	NUM
cjrl-14166	517	61	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	517	62	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	518	1	142	142	NUM
cjrl-14166	518	2	georgetown	georgetown	PROPN
cjrl-14166	518	3	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	518	4	library	library	NOUN
cjrl-14166	518	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	518	6	california	california	PROPN
cjrl-14166	518	7	resources	resource	NOUN
cjrl-14166	518	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	1	143	143	NUM
cjrl-14166	519	2	briffault	briffault	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	4	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	5	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	6	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	519	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	519	8	twenty	twenty	NUM
cjrl-14166	519	9	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	10	first	first	ADJ
cjrl-14166	519	11	century	century	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	13	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	519	14	note	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	519	15	137	137	NUM
cjrl-14166	519	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	519	17	accompanying	accompany	VERB
cjrl-14166	519	18	text	text	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	19	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	20	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	519	21	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	519	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	23	briffault	briffault	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	25	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	26	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	27	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	519	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	519	29	twenty	twenty	NUM
cjrl-14166	519	30	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	31	first	first	ADJ
cjrl-14166	519	32	century	century	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	34	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	519	35	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	36	137	137	NUM
cjrl-14166	519	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	38	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	519	39	257	257	NUM
cjrl-14166	519	40	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	41	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	42	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	519	43	h]ome	h]ome	PRON
cjrl-14166	519	44	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	45	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	519	46	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	519	47	raise	raise	VERB
cjrl-14166	519	48	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	519	49	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	50	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	519	51	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	519	52	level	level	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	53	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	519	54	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	519	55	entities	entity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	56	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	519	57	our	our	PRON
cjrl-14166	519	58	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	519	59	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	60	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	61	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	519	62	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	520	1	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	520	2	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	520	3	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	520	4	systems	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	520	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	520	6	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	520	7	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	520	8	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	520	9	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	520	10	change	change	VERB
cjrl-14166	520	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	520	12	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	520	13	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	520	14	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	520	15	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	520	16	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	520	17	creatures	creature	NOUN
cjrl-14166	520	18	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	520	19	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	520	20	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	520	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	521	1	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	521	2	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	521	3	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	521	4	conferred	confer	VERB
cjrl-14166	521	5	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	521	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	521	7	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	521	8	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	521	9	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	521	10	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	521	11	taken	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	521	12	back	back	ADV
cjrl-14166	521	13	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	521	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	521	15	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	521	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	521	17	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	521	18	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	521	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	522	1	1324	1324	NUM
cjrl-14166	522	2	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	522	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	523	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	523	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	523	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	523	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	524	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	524	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	524	4	15:1290	15:1290	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	524	5	generally	generally	ADV
cjrl-14166	524	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	524	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	524	8	eleventh	eleventh	ADJ
cjrl-14166	524	9	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	10	gives	give	VERB
cjrl-14166	524	11	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	12	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	524	13	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	524	15	protecting	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	524	16	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	524	17	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	18	suit.144	suit.144	ADV
cjrl-14166	524	19	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	524	21	post	post	ADJ
cjrl-14166	524	22	-	-	ADJ
cjrl-14166	524	23	monell	monell	ADJ
cjrl-14166	524	24	era	era	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	524	26	there	there	PRON
cjrl-14166	524	27	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	524	28	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	524	29	debate	debate	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	30	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	524	32	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	33	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	34	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	524	35	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	524	36	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	37	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	524	38	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	524	39	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	40	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	41	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	524	42	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	524	43	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	524	44	particularly	particularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	524	45	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	524	46	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	524	47	eleventh	eleventh	ADJ
cjrl-14166	524	48	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	49	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	524	50	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	524	51	grants	grant	VERB
cjrl-14166	524	52	states	state	VERB
cjrl-14166	524	53	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	524	54	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	55	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	524	56	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	524	57	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	524	58	apply	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	524	59	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	60	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	61	courts.145	courts.145	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	62	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	524	63	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	64	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	524	65	finally	finally	ADV
cjrl-14166	524	66	answered	answer	VERB
cjrl-14166	524	67	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	68	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	524	69	supreme	supreme	PROPN
cjrl-14166	524	70	court	court	PROPN
cjrl-14166	524	71	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	72	1989	1989	NUM
cjrl-14166	524	73	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	524	74	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	524	75	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	524	76	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	524	77	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	524	78	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	524	79	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	524	80	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	524	81	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	524	82	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	524	83	found	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	524	84	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	524	85	create	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	524	86	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	524	87	pathway	pathway	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	88	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	89	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	524	90	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	524	91	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	92	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	524	93	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	524	94	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	524	95	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	96	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	524	97	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	524	98	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	99	prevents	prevent	VERB
cjrl-14166	524	100	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	101	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	102	falling	fall	VERB
cjrl-14166	524	103	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	104	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	524	105	purview	purview	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	106	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	107	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	524	108	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	524	109	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	524	110	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	524	111	same	same	ADJ
cjrl-14166	524	112	way	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	524	113	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	525	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	525	2	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	525	3	words	word	NOUN
cjrl-14166	525	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	525	5	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	525	6	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	525	7	protects	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	525	8	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	525	9	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	525	10	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	525	11	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	525	12	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	525	13	way	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	525	14	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	525	15	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	525	16	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	525	17	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	525	18	overcome	overcome	VERB
cjrl-14166	525	19	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	525	20	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	525	21	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	525	22	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	525	23	suit.146	suit.146	NOUN
cjrl-14166	525	24	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	525	25	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	525	26	reasoned	reason	VERB
cjrl-14166	525	27	as	as	ADV
cjrl-14166	525	28	much	much	ADV
cjrl-14166	525	29	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	525	30	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	525	31	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	525	32	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	525	33	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	525	34	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	525	35	language	language	NOUN
cjrl-14166	525	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	525	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	525	38	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	525	39	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	525	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	525	41	purpose	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	525	42	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	525	43	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	525	44	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	525	45	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	525	46	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	525	47	remedy	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	525	48	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	526	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
cjrl-14166	526	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	526	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	526	4	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	5	noted	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	526	6	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	526	7	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	526	8	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	526	9	created	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	526	10	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	526	11	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	526	12	remedy	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	13	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	526	14	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	526	15	deprivation	deprivation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	526	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	526	18	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	526	19	liberty	liberty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	20	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	526	21	response	response	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	22	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	526	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	526	24	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	526	25	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	26	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	27	occurring	occur	VERB
cjrl-14166	526	28	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	526	29	southern	southern	ADJ
cjrl-14166	526	30	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	31	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	526	32	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	526	33	time	time	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	34	where	where	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	526	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	526	36	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	37	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	526	38	either	either	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	526	39	unable	unable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	526	40	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	526	41	unwilling	unwilling	ADJ
cjrl-14166	526	42	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	526	43	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	526	44	those	those	DET
cjrl-14166	526	45	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	46	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	526	47	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	526	48	remedies	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	49	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	526	50	repercussions	repercussion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	51	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	526	52	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	526	53	wrongdoings	wrongdoing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	54	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	526	55	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	526	56	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	526	57	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	526	58	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	526	59	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	526	60	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	526	61	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	526	62	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	526	63	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	526	64	forum	forum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	65	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	526	66	litigants	litigant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	67	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	526	68	seek	seek	VERB
cjrl-14166	526	69	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	526	70	remedy	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	71	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	526	72	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	526	73	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	74	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	526	75	alleged	allege	VERB
cjrl-14166	526	76	deprivations	deprivation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	77	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	526	78	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	526	79	liberties	liberty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	526	80	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	527	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	527	2	eleventh	eleventh	ADJ
cjrl-14166	527	3	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	527	4	bars	bar	VERB
cjrl-14166	527	5	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	527	6	suits	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	527	7	unless	unless	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	527	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	527	9	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	527	10	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	527	11	waived	waive	VERB
cjrl-14166	527	12	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	527	13	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	527	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	528	1	”147	”147	PROPN
cjrl-14166	529	1	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	529	2	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	529	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	529	4	rare	rare	ADJ
cjrl-14166	529	5	exceptions	exception	NOUN
cjrl-14166	529	6	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	529	7	this	this	PRON
cjrl-14166	529	8	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	529	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	529	10	ex	ex	X
cjrl-14166	529	11	parte	parte	NOUN
cjrl-14166	529	12	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	529	13	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	529	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	529	15	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	529	16	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	529	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	529	18	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	529	19	official	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	529	20	engaging	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	529	21	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	529	22	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	529	23	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	529	24	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	529	25	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	529	26	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	529	27	immune	immune	ADJ
cjrl-14166	529	28	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	529	29	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	529	30	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	529	31	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	529	32	144	144	NUM
cjrl-14166	529	33	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	529	34	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	529	35	const	const	PROPN
cjrl-14166	529	36	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	530	1	amend	amend	PROPN
cjrl-14166	530	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	531	1	xi	xi	X
cjrl-14166	531	2	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	531	3	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	531	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	531	5	judicial	judicial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	531	6	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	531	7	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	531	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	531	9	united	united	PROPN
cjrl-14166	531	10	states	states	PROPN
cjrl-14166	531	11	shall	shall	AUX
cjrl-14166	531	12	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	531	13	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	531	14	construed	construe	VERB
cjrl-14166	531	15	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	531	16	extend	extend	VERB
cjrl-14166	531	17	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	531	18	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	531	19	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	531	20	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	531	21	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	531	22	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	531	23	equity	equity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	531	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	531	25	commenced	commence	VERB
cjrl-14166	531	26	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	531	27	prosecuted	prosecute	VERB
cjrl-14166	531	28	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	531	29	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	531	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	531	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	531	32	united	united	PROPN
cjrl-14166	531	33	states	states	PROPN
cjrl-14166	531	34	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	531	35	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	531	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	531	37	another	another	DET
cjrl-14166	531	38	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	531	39	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	531	40	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	531	41	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	531	42	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	531	43	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	531	44	subjects	subject	NOUN
cjrl-14166	531	45	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	531	46	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	531	47	foreign	foreign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	531	48	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	531	49	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	531	50	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	531	51	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	531	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	532	1	145	145	NUM
cjrl-14166	532	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	532	3	will	will	AUX
cjrl-14166	532	4	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	532	5	michigan	michigan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	532	6	dept	dept	PROPN
cjrl-14166	532	7	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	533	1	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	533	2	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	533	3	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	533	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	533	5	491	491	NUM
cjrl-14166	533	6	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	533	7	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	533	8	58	58	NUM
cjrl-14166	533	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	533	10	62–64	62–64	NUM
cjrl-14166	533	11	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	533	12	1989	1989	NUM
cjrl-14166	533	13	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	533	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	534	1	146	146	NUM
cjrl-14166	535	1	i	i	PROPN
cjrl-14166	535	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	535	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	535	4	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	535	5	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	535	6	a	a	X
cjrl-14166	535	7	]	]	X
cjrl-14166	535	8	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	535	9	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	535	10	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	535	11	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	535	12	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	535	13	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	535	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	535	15	meaning	meaning	NOUN
cjrl-14166	535	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	535	17	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	535	18	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	535	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	535	20	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	536	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	536	2	citing	cite	VERB
cjrl-14166	536	3	quern	quern	PROPN
cjrl-14166	536	4	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	536	5	jordan	jordan	PROPN
cjrl-14166	536	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	536	7	440	440	NUM
cjrl-14166	536	8	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	536	9	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	536	10	332	332	NUM
cjrl-14166	536	11	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	536	12	1979	1979	NUM
cjrl-14166	536	13	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	536	14	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	536	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	536	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	537	1	147	147	NUM
cjrl-14166	538	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	538	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	538	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	538	4	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	538	5	66	66	NUM
cjrl-14166	538	6	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	538	7	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	538	8	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	538	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	538	10	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	538	11	passing	pass	VERB
cjrl-14166	538	12	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	538	13	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	538	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	538	15	had	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	538	16	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	538	17	intention	intention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	538	18	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	538	19	disturb	disturb	VERB
cjrl-14166	538	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	538	21	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	538	22	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	538	23	eleventh	eleventh	ADJ
cjrl-14166	538	24	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	538	25	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	538	26	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	538	27	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	538	28	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	538	29	alter	alter	VERB
cjrl-14166	538	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	538	31	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	538	32	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	538	33	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	538	34	balance	balance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	538	35	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	538	36	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	538	37	respect	respect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	538	38	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	538	39	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	539	1	.[a	.[a	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	539	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	540	1	principal	principal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	540	2	purpose	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	540	3	behind	behind	ADP
cjrl-14166	540	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	540	5	enactment	enactment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	540	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	540	7	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	540	8	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	540	9	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	540	10	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	540	11	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	540	12	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	540	13	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	540	14	forum	forum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	540	15	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	540	16	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	540	17	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	540	18	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	540	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	540	20	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	540	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	540	22	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	541	1	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	541	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	541	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	541	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	1	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	542	2	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	542	3	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	4	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	5	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	542	6	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	11	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	12	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	13	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	14	doe	doe	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	15	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	542	16	bonath	bonath	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	18	705	705	NUM
cjrl-14166	542	19	f.supp.3d	f.supp.3d	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	21	704	704	NUM
cjrl-14166	542	22	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	23	2023	2023	NUM
cjrl-14166	542	24	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	25	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	26	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	27	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	542	28	order	order	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	29	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	542	30	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	542	31	citizen	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	32	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	542	33	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	542	34	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	542	35	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	36	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	542	38	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	39	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	542	40	either	either	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	542	41	waive	waive	VERB
cjrl-14166	542	42	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	542	43	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	542	44	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	45	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	46	unequivocally	unequivocally	ADV
cjrl-14166	542	47	express	express	VERB
cjrl-14166	542	48	consent	consent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	49	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	542	50	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	542	51	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	52	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	542	53	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	542	54	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	55	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	56	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	542	57	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	542	58	validly	validly	ADV
cjrl-14166	542	59	abrogated	abrogate	VERB
cjrl-14166	542	60	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	61	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	62	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	542	63	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	542	64	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	65	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	66	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	542	67	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	543	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	543	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	543	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	543	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	543	7	1325	1325	NUM
cjrl-14166	543	8	eleventh	eleventh	PROPN
cjrl-14166	543	9	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	543	10	sovereign	sovereign	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	11	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	543	13	allowing	allow	VERB
cjrl-14166	543	14	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	15	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	543	16	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	543	17	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	543	18	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	543	20	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	21	example	example	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	543	23	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	543	24	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	543	25	brought	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	543	26	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	27	such	such	DET
cjrl-14166	543	28	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	543	29	official	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	30	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	543	31	long	long	ADV
cjrl-14166	543	32	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	543	33	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	543	34	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	35	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	543	36	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	37	prospective	prospective	ADJ
cjrl-14166	543	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	543	39	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	543	40	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	41	retrospective	retrospective	ADJ
cjrl-14166	543	42	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	543	43	damages	damage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	44	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	543	45	i.e.	i.e.	X
cjrl-14166	543	46	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	543	47	applies	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	543	48	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	543	49	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	50	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
cjrl-14166	543	51	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	52	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	53	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	543	54	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	543	55	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	543	56	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	543	57	law).148	law).148	PROPN
cjrl-14166	543	58	again	again	ADV
cjrl-14166	543	59	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	543	60	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	543	61	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	543	62	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	543	63	exception	exception	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	64	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	543	65	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	543	66	pathway	pathway	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	67	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	68	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	543	69	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	70	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	71	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	543	72	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	543	73	violator	violator	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	74	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	543	75	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	76	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	543	77	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	78	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	79	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	543	80	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	543	81	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	82	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	543	83	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	84	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	543	85	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	86	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	543	87	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	543	88	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	543	89	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	543	90	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	543	91	employs	employ	VERB
cjrl-14166	543	92	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	544	1	thus	thus	ADV
cjrl-14166	544	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	544	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	544	4	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	5	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	544	6	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	7	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	544	8	role	role	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	9	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	544	10	protector	protector	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	544	12	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	544	13	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	14	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	544	15	particularly	particularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	544	16	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	17	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	544	18	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	544	19	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	544	20	mean	mean	VERB
cjrl-14166	544	21	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	544	22	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	23	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	544	24	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	544	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	544	26	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	27	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	544	28	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	544	29	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	30	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	544	31	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	32	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	33	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	544	34	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	35	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	544	36	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	545	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
cjrl-14166	545	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	545	3	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	545	4	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	5	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	545	6	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	7	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	8	do	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	545	9	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	545	10	apply	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	545	11	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	545	12	municipalities,149	municipalities,149	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	13	neither	neither	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	545	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	545	15	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	16	nor	nor	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	545	17	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	545	18	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	19	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	545	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	545	21	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	22	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	545	23	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	545	24	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	545	25	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	545	26	statutorily	statutorily	ADV
cjrl-14166	545	27	expanded	expand	VERB
cjrl-14166	545	28	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	545	29	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	30	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	545	31	discussed	discuss	VERB
cjrl-14166	545	32	above	above	ADV
cjrl-14166	545	33	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	545	34	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
cjrl-14166	545	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	545	36	success	success	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	545	38	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	545	39	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	40	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	41	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	545	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	545	43	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	44	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	545	45	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	46	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	47	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	545	48	policing	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	545	49	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	545	50	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	545	51	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	545	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	546	1	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	546	2	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	546	3	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	4	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	5	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	6	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	546	7	statutorily	statutorily	ADV
cjrl-14166	546	8	mandated	mandate	VERB
cjrl-14166	546	9	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	546	10	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	546	11	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	546	13	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	546	14	authorization	authorization	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	15	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	546	16	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	546	17	come	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	546	18	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	546	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	546	20	standing	standing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	21	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	546	22	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	546	23	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	546	24	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	546	26	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	546	27	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	28	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	546	29	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	546	30	imposing	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	546	31	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	546	32	additional	additional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	546	33	means	mean	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	34	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	546	35	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	36	upon	upon	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	546	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	546	38	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	39	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	546	40	i.e.	i.e.	X
cjrl-14166	546	41	allowing	allow	VERB
cjrl-14166	546	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	546	43	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	44	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	546	45	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	546	46	sued	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	546	47	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	546	48	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	546	49	doctrine).150	doctrine).150	ADJ
cjrl-14166	546	50	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	51	iii	iii	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	52	discusses	discuss	VERB
cjrl-14166	546	53	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	546	54	ways	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	55	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	546	56	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	546	57	both	both	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	546	58	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	546	59	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	60	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	61	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	546	62	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	546	63	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	64	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	546	65	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	66	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	67	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	546	68	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	546	69	adapted	adapt	VERB
cjrl-14166	546	70	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	546	71	fit	fit	VERB
cjrl-14166	546	72	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	546	73	needs	need	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	74	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	546	75	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	76	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	546	77	experience	experience	VERB
cjrl-14166	546	78	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	79	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	546	80	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	1	148	148	NUM
cjrl-14166	547	2	ex	ex	X
cjrl-14166	547	3	parte	parte	PROPN
cjrl-14166	547	4	young	young	PROPN
cjrl-14166	547	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	6	209	209	NUM
cjrl-14166	547	7	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	547	8	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	547	9	123	123	NUM
cjrl-14166	547	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	11	1908	1908	NUM
cjrl-14166	547	12	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	13	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	14	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	547	15	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	547	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	17	verizon	verizon	PROPN
cjrl-14166	547	18	maryland	maryland	PROPN
cjrl-14166	547	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	20	inc	inc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	547	21	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	547	22	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	547	23	public	public	ADJ
cjrl-14166	547	24	service	service	NOUN
cjrl-14166	547	25	com’n	com’n	X
cjrl-14166	547	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	547	27	maryland	maryland	NOUN
cjrl-14166	547	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	29	535	535	NUM
cjrl-14166	547	30	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	547	31	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	547	32	635	635	NUM
cjrl-14166	547	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	34	648	648	NUM
cjrl-14166	547	35	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	36	2002	2002	NUM
cjrl-14166	547	37	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	38	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	39	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	40	we	we	PRON
cjrl-14166	547	41	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	547	42	conclude	conclude	VERB
cjrl-14166	547	43	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	547	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	547	45	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	547	46	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	547	47	ex	ex	X
cjrl-14166	547	48	parte	parte	NOUN
cjrl-14166	547	49	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	547	50	permits	permit	VERB
cjrl-14166	547	51	verizon	verizon	PROPN
cjrl-14166	547	52	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	547	53	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	547	54	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	547	55	go	go	VERB
cjrl-14166	547	56	forward	forward	ADV
cjrl-14166	547	57	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	547	58	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	547	59	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	547	60	commissioners	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	547	61	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	547	62	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	547	63	official	official	ADJ
cjrl-14166	547	64	capacities	capacity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	547	65	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	66	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	67	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	547	68	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	548	1	lee	lee	PROPN
cjrl-14166	548	2	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	548	3	state	state	PROPN
cjrl-14166	548	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	548	5	874	874	NUM
cjrl-14166	548	6	n.w.2d	n.w.2d	ADP
cjrl-14166	548	7	631	631	NUM
cjrl-14166	548	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	548	9	638	638	NUM
cjrl-14166	548	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	548	11	iowa	iowa	PROPN
cjrl-14166	548	12	2016	2016	NUM
cjrl-14166	548	13	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	548	14	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	548	15	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	548	16	invoking	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	548	17	ex	ex	PRON
cjrl-14166	548	18	parte	parte	NOUN
cjrl-14166	548	19	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	548	20	permits	permit	VERB
cjrl-14166	548	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	548	22	maintenance	maintenance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	548	23	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	548	24	suits	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	548	25	alleging	allege	VERB
cjrl-14166	548	26	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
cjrl-14166	548	27	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	548	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	548	29	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	548	30	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	548	31	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	548	32	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	548	33	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	548	34	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	548	35	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	548	36	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	548	37	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	548	38	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	548	39	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	548	40	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	548	41	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	548	42	long	long	ADV
cjrl-14166	548	43	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	548	44	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	548	45	seek	seek	VERB
cjrl-14166	548	46	prospective	prospective	ADJ
cjrl-14166	548	47	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	548	48	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	548	49	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	548	50	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	548	51	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	549	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	549	2	t]he	t]he	X
cjrl-14166	549	3	ex	ex	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	549	4	parte	parte	NOUN
cjrl-14166	549	5	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	549	6	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	549	7	serves	serve	VERB
cjrl-14166	549	8	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	549	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	549	10	means	mean	NOUN
cjrl-14166	549	11	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	549	12	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	549	13	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	549	14	overcoming	overcome	VERB
cjrl-14166	549	15	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	549	16	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	549	17	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	549	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	549	19	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	550	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	550	2	internal	internal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	550	3	citations	citation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	550	4	omitted	omit	VERB
cjrl-14166	550	5	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	550	6	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	550	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	551	1	149	149	NUM
cjrl-14166	551	2	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	551	3	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	551	4	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	551	5	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	551	6	agencies	agency	NOUN
cjrl-14166	551	7	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	551	8	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	551	9	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	551	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	551	11	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	551	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	551	13	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	551	14	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	551	15	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	551	16	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	551	17	sovereigns	sovereign	NOUN
cjrl-14166	551	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	551	19	so	so	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	551	20	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	551	21	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	551	22	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	551	23	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	551	24	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	551	25	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	551	26	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	551	27	join	join	VERB
cjrl-14166	551	28	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	551	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	552	1	150	150	NUM
cjrl-14166	552	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	552	3	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	552	4	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	552	5	57	57	NUM
cjrl-14166	552	6	.	.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	552	7	1326	1326	NUM
cjrl-14166	552	8	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	552	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	553	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	553	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	553	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	553	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	554	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	554	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	554	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	554	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	555	1	iii	iii	X
cjrl-14166	555	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	555	3	modern	modern	ADJ
cjrl-14166	555	4	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	555	5	day	day	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	6	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	7	warrants	warrant	VERB
cjrl-14166	555	8	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	555	9	modern	modern	ADJ
cjrl-14166	555	10	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	555	11	day	day	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	12	understanding	understanding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	13	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	555	14	expansion	expansion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	555	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	555	17	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	18	frameworks	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	19	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	555	20	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	21	there	there	PRON
cjrl-14166	555	22	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	555	23	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	555	24	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	555	25	variety	variety	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	555	27	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	28	created	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	555	29	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	555	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	555	31	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	32	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	555	33	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	34	’	’	PART
cjrl-14166	555	35	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	36	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	555	37	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	555	38	comes	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	555	39	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	555	40	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	41	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	42	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	555	43	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	555	44	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	555	45	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	555	46	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	555	47	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	48	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	555	49	similar	similar	ADJ
cjrl-14166	555	50	investigative	investigative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	555	51	agencies	agency	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	52	across	across	ADP
cjrl-14166	555	53	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	54	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	555	55	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	555	56	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	555	57	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	58	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	555	59	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	555	60	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	61	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	62	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	555	63	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	555	64	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	556	1	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	556	2	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	3	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	4	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	556	5	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	556	6	invoked	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	556	7	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	556	8	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	556	9	protective	protective	ADJ
cjrl-14166	556	10	function	function	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	11	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	556	12	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	556	13	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	14	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	556	15	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	16	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	556	17	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	18	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	556	19	join	join	VERB
cjrl-14166	556	20	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	21	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	556	22	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	23	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	24	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	25	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	556	26	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	27	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	556	28	citizen	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	29	plaintiffs.151	plaintiffs.151	PROPN
cjrl-14166	556	30	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	556	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	556	32	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	556	33	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
cjrl-14166	556	34	above	above	ADV
cjrl-14166	556	35	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	556	36	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	556	37	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	556	38	solutions	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	39	send	send	VERB
cjrl-14166	556	40	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	41	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	556	42	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	43	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	44	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	556	45	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	556	46	wild	wild	ADJ
cjrl-14166	556	47	goose	goose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	48	chase	chase	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	49	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	556	50	remedies	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	556	51	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	556	52	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	556	53	rarely	rarely	ADV
cjrl-14166	556	54	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	556	55	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	556	56	ever	ever	ADV
cjrl-14166	556	57	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	556	58	afforded	afford	VERB
cjrl-14166	556	59	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	556	60	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	556	61	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	557	2	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	4	there	there	PRON
cjrl-14166	557	5	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	557	6	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	557	7	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	557	8	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	9	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	557	10	apply	apply	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	11	existing	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	12	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	557	13	available	available	ADJ
cjrl-14166	557	14	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	557	15	doctrines	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	16	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	557	17	appropriately	appropriately	ADV
cjrl-14166	557	18	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	19	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	20	’	’	PART
cjrl-14166	557	21	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	23	particularly	particularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	557	24	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	557	26	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	27	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	28	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	30	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	557	31	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	557	32	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	33	greater	great	ADJ
cjrl-14166	557	34	need	need	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	35	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	36	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	37	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	557	38	warrant	warrant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	557	39	solutions	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	40	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	557	41	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	557	42	different	different	ADJ
cjrl-14166	557	43	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	44	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	45	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	557	46	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
cjrl-14166	557	47	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	557	48	unavailable	unavailable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	557	49	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	557	50	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	51	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	557	52	adult	adult	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	53	counterparts.152	counterparts.152	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	54	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	557	55	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	56	offer	offer	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	57	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	557	58	race	race	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	59	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	60	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	61	cause	cause	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	62	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	63	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	64	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	65	such	such	ADJ
cjrl-14166	557	66	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	67	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	557	68	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	557	69	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	70	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	71	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	557	72	seen	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	73	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	74	floyd	floyd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	557	75	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	76	city	city	PROPN
cjrl-14166	557	77	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	78	new	new	ADJ
cjrl-14166	557	79	york,153	york,153	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	80	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	557	81	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	82	addresses	address	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	83	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	557	84	flaws	flaw	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	85	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	86	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	557	87	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	88	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	557	89	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	90	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	557	91	frameworks	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	92	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	93	order	order	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	94	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	557	95	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	96	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	557	97	solution	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	98	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	557	99	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	557	100	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	557	101	used	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	102	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	103	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	557	104	people	people	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	105	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	106	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	107	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	557	108	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	557	109	subjected	subject	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	110	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	111	increased	increase	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	112	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	113	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	114	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	557	115	hands	hand	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	116	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	117	police.154	police.154	PROPN
cjrl-14166	557	118	151	151	NUM
cjrl-14166	557	119	amelia	amelia	PROPN
cjrl-14166	557	120	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	557	121	waller	waller	PROPN
cjrl-14166	557	122	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	123	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	124	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	125	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	126	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	127	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	128	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	129	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	130	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	131	expanding	expand	VERB
cjrl-14166	557	132	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	557	133	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	134	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	557	135	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	136	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	137	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	138	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	557	139	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	140	16	16	NUM
cjrl-14166	557	141	ga	ga	PROPN
cjrl-14166	557	142	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	143	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	557	144	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	557	145	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	557	146	865	865	NUM
cjrl-14166	557	147	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	148	1982	1982	NUM
cjrl-14166	557	149	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	557	150	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	1	152	152	NUM
cjrl-14166	558	2	madison	madison	PROPN
cjrl-14166	558	3	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	558	4	jaros	jaros	PROPN
cjrl-14166	558	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	558	7	double	double	ADJ
cjrl-14166	558	8	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	9	edged	edge	VERB
cjrl-14166	558	10	sword	sword	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	558	12	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	13	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	14	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	15	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	16	offenders	offender	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	17	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	558	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	558	19	punitive	punitive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	558	20	reach	reach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	21	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	558	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	558	23	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	558	24	justice	justice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	25	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	27	94	94	NUM
cjrl-14166	558	28	notre	notre	PROPN
cjrl-14166	558	29	dame	dame	PROPN
cjrl-14166	558	30	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	558	31	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	558	32	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	558	33	2189	2189	NUM
cjrl-14166	558	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	35	2192	2192	NUM
cjrl-14166	558	36	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	37	2019	2019	NUM
cjrl-14166	558	38	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	39	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	40	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	41	because	because	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	558	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	558	43	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	558	44	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	45	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	558	46	founded	found	VERB
cjrl-14166	558	47	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	558	48	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	558	49	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	558	50	idea	idea	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	51	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	558	52	adolescents	adolescent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	53	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	558	54	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	558	55	distinct	distinct	ADJ
cjrl-14166	558	56	class	class	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	57	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	558	58	distinct	distinct	ADJ
cjrl-14166	558	59	needs	need	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	60	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	61	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	558	62	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	558	63	designed	design	VERB
cjrl-14166	558	64	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	558	65	deal	deal	VERB
cjrl-14166	558	66	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	558	67	adolescents	adolescent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	68	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	558	69	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	558	70	way	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	71	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	558	72	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	558	73	completely	completely	ADV
cjrl-14166	558	74	different	different	ADJ
cjrl-14166	558	75	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	558	76	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	558	77	way	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	78	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	558	79	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	558	80	justice	justice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	81	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	82	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	558	83	large	large	ADJ
cjrl-14166	558	84	dealt	dealt	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	85	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	558	86	adults	adult	NOUN
cjrl-14166	558	87	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	88	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	89	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	558	90	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	559	1	153	153	NUM
cjrl-14166	559	2	959	959	NUM
cjrl-14166	559	3	f.supp.2d	f.supp.2d	PROPN
cjrl-14166	559	4	540	540	NUM
cjrl-14166	559	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	559	6	2013	2013	NUM
cjrl-14166	559	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	559	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	559	9	bringing	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	559	10	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	559	11	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	559	12	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	559	13	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	559	14	pointing	point	VERB
cjrl-14166	559	15	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	559	16	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	559	17	pattern	pattern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	559	18	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	559	19	practice	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	559	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	559	21	raciallymotivated	raciallymotivate	VERB
cjrl-14166	559	22	stop	stop	VERB
cjrl-14166	559	23	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	559	24	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	559	25	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	559	26	frisk	frisk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	559	27	policies	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	559	28	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	559	29	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	559	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	559	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	559	32	fourteenth	fourteenth	PROPN
cjrl-14166	559	33	amendment	amendment	PROPN
cjrl-14166	559	34	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	559	35	equal	equal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	559	36	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	559	37	clause	clause	NOUN
cjrl-14166	559	38	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	559	39	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	560	1	154	154	NUM
cjrl-14166	560	2	due	due	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	3	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	560	5	near	near	ADJ
cjrl-14166	560	6	impossibility	impossibility	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	7	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	8	proving	prove	VERB
cjrl-14166	560	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	560	10	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	11	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	12	as	as	ADV
cjrl-14166	560	13	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	560	14	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	560	16	increasing	increase	VERB
cjrl-14166	560	17	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	18	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	19	bringing	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	560	20	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	560	21	equal	equal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	560	22	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	23	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	24	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	560	25	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	26	disparate	disparate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	560	27	impact	impact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	28	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	560	29	statistical	statistical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	560	30	disparities	disparity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	560	32	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	560	33	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	34	seeks	seek	VERB
cjrl-14166	560	35	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	560	36	address	address	VERB
cjrl-14166	560	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	560	38	issue	issue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	39	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	560	41	lack	lack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	42	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	43	accountability	accountability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	44	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	45	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	46	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	47	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	48	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	49	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	560	50	hands	hand	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	51	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	52	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	53	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	54	solutions	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	55	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	560	56	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	560	57	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	560	58	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	560	59	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	60	race	race	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	61	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	560	62	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	560	63	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	560	64	used	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	560	65	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	66	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	560	67	people	people	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	68	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	560	69	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	70	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	560	71	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	560	72	experience	experience	VERB
cjrl-14166	560	73	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	560	74	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	560	75	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	561	1	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	561	2	than	than	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	561	3	work	work	VERB
cjrl-14166	561	4	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	561	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	561	6	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	7	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	8	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	561	9	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	561	10	exists	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	561	11	today	today	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	12	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	561	13	develop	develop	VERB
cjrl-14166	561	14	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	561	15	cause	cause	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	561	17	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	18	rooted	root	VERB
cjrl-14166	561	19	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	561	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	561	21	racial	racial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	561	22	disparities	disparity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	23	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	561	24	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	25	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	26	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	561	27	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	561	28	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	29	illuminates	illuminate	VERB
cjrl-14166	561	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	561	31	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	561	32	flaws	flaw	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	33	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	561	34	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	561	35	as	as	ADV
cjrl-14166	561	36	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	561	37	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	561	38	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	39	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	40	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	561	41	contribute	contribute	VERB
cjrl-14166	561	42	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	561	43	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	561	44	racial	racial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	561	45	disparity	disparity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	46	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	561	47	suggests	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	561	48	modifications	modification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	49	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	561	50	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	561	51	doctrines	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	52	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	561	53	alleviate	alleviate	VERB
cjrl-14166	561	54	some	some	PRON
cjrl-14166	561	55	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	561	56	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	561	57	gaps	gap	NOUN
cjrl-14166	561	58	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	562	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	562	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	562	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	562	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	562	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	562	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	562	7	1327	1327	NUM
cjrl-14166	562	8	a.	a.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	562	9	modernizing	modernizing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	562	10	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	562	11	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	562	12	minors	minor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	562	13	1	1	NUM
cjrl-14166	562	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	562	15	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	562	16	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	562	17	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	562	18	minors	minor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	562	19	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	562	20	major	major	ADJ
cjrl-14166	562	21	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	562	22	claims	claim	VERB
cjrl-14166	562	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	562	24	flaws	flaw	NOUN
cjrl-14166	562	25	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	562	26	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	562	27	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	562	28	manyfold	manyfold	ADJ
cjrl-14166	562	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	562	30	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	562	31	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	562	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	562	33	too	too	ADV
cjrl-14166	562	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	562	35	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	562	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	562	37	potential	potential	ADJ
cjrl-14166	562	38	areas	area	NOUN
cjrl-14166	562	39	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	562	40	reform	reform	NOUN
cjrl-14166	562	41	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	563	1	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	563	2	common	common	ADJ
cjrl-14166	563	3	solution	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	4	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	563	5	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	563	6	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	563	7	suggested	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	563	8	before	before	ADV
cjrl-14166	563	9	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	563	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	563	11	adoption	adoption	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	563	13	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	563	14	vicarious	vicarious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	563	15	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	16	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	17	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	563	18	i.e.	i.e.	X
cjrl-14166	563	19	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	20	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	563	21	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	563	22	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	563	23	monell.155	monell.155	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	24	recognizing	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	563	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	563	26	longstanding	longstanding	ADJ
cjrl-14166	563	27	aversion	aversion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	28	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	563	29	such	such	DET
cjrl-14166	563	30	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	563	31	theory,156	theory,156	PROPN
cjrl-14166	563	32	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	563	33	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	34	recommends	recommend	VERB
cjrl-14166	563	35	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	563	36	new	new	ADJ
cjrl-14166	563	37	iteration	iteration	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	38	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	563	39	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	563	40	solution	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	41	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	563	42	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	563	43	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	563	44	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	563	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	563	46	possible	possible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	563	47	areas	area	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	48	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	563	49	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	563	50	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	51	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	52	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	563	53	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	563	54	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	563	55	improved	improve	VERB
cjrl-14166	563	56	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	564	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
cjrl-14166	564	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	564	3	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	564	4	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	564	5	recommends	recommend	VERB
cjrl-14166	564	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	564	7	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	564	8	minimum	minimum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	564	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	564	10	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	564	11	partial	partial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	564	12	adoption	adoption	NOUN
cjrl-14166	564	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	564	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	564	15	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	564	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	564	17	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	564	18	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	564	19	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	564	20	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	564	21	limited	limited	ADJ
cjrl-14166	564	22	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	564	23	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	564	24	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	564	25	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	564	26	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	564	27	involving	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	564	28	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	564	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	565	1	recognizing	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	565	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	565	3	particularly	particularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	565	4	heinous	heinous	ADJ
cjrl-14166	565	5	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	565	6	traumatic	traumatic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	565	7	impact	impact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	565	8	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	565	9	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	565	10	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	565	11	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	565	12	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	565	13	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	565	14	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	565	15	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	565	16	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	565	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	565	18	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	565	19	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	565	20	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	565	21	brought	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	565	22	by	by	ADV
cjrl-14166	565	23	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	565	24	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	565	25	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	565	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	565	27	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	565	28	require	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	565	29	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	565	30	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	565	31	robust	robust	ADJ
cjrl-14166	565	32	solution	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	565	33	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	565	34	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	565	35	form	form	NOUN
cjrl-14166	565	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	565	37	institutional	institutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	565	38	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	565	39	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	566	1	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	566	2	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	566	3	ii	ii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	566	4	a.	a.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	566	5	suggests	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	566	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	566	7	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	566	8	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	566	9	bar	bar	NOUN
cjrl-14166	566	10	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	566	11	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	566	12	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	566	13	unreasonably	unreasonably	ADV
cjrl-14166	566	14	high	high	ADJ
cjrl-14166	566	15	compared	compare	VERB
cjrl-14166	566	16	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	566	17	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	566	18	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	566	19	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	566	20	found	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	566	21	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	566	22	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	566	23	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	566	24	employer	employer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	566	25	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	566	26	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	566	27	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cjrl-14166	566	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	566	29	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	566	30	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	566	31	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	566	32	makes	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	566	33	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	566	34	hard	hard	ADJ
cjrl-14166	566	35	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	566	36	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	566	37	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	566	38	get	get	VERB
cjrl-14166	566	39	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	566	40	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	566	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	566	42	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	566	43	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	566	44	suffer	suffer	VERB
cjrl-14166	566	45	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	566	46	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	566	47	fails	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	566	48	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	566	49	deter	deter	VERB
cjrl-14166	566	50	future	future	ADJ
cjrl-14166	566	51	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	566	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	567	1	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	2	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	567	3	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	567	4	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	567	5	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	6	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	567	7	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	567	8	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	9	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	567	10	rectify	rectify	VERB
cjrl-14166	567	11	this.157	this.157	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	12	additionally	additionally	ADV
cjrl-14166	567	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	567	14	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
cjrl-14166	567	15	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	16	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	567	17	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	567	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	567	19	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	20	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	21	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	567	22	expand	expand	VERB
cjrl-14166	567	23	availability	availability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	24	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	567	25	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	567	26	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	567	27	relief	relief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	28	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	567	29	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	567	31	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	567	32	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	33	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	567	34	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	567	35	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	567	36	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	567	37	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	567	38	name	name	VERB
cjrl-14166	567	39	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	567	40	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	567	41	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	42	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	567	43	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	44	directly	directly	ADV
cjrl-14166	567	45	implicated	implicate	VERB
cjrl-14166	567	46	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	567	47	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	567	48	very	very	ADV
cjrl-14166	567	49	real	real	ADJ
cjrl-14166	567	50	suffering	suffering	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	51	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	567	52	effectively	effectively	ADV
cjrl-14166	567	53	lowering	lower	VERB
cjrl-14166	567	54	some	some	PRON
cjrl-14166	567	55	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	567	56	155	155	NUM
cjrl-14166	567	57	see	see	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	58	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	567	59	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cjrl-14166	567	60	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	567	61	catherine	catherine	PROPN
cjrl-14166	567	62	fisk	fisk	PROPN
cjrl-14166	567	63	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	567	64	erwin	erwin	PROPN
cjrl-14166	567	65	chemerinsky	chemerinsky	PROPN
cjrl-14166	567	66	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	567	67	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	567	68	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	69	without	without	ADP
cjrl-14166	567	70	remedies	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	71	vicarious	vicarious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	567	72	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	73	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	567	74	title	title	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	75	vii	vii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	567	76	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	567	77	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	78	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	567	79	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	567	80	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	567	81	title	title	NOUN
cjrl-14166	567	82	ix	ix	PRON
cjrl-14166	567	83	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	567	84	7	7	NUM
cjrl-14166	567	85	wm	wm	PROPN
cjrl-14166	567	86	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	567	87	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	567	88	mary	mary	PROPN
cjrl-14166	567	89	bill	bill	PROPN
cjrl-14166	567	90	rts	rts	PROPN
cjrl-14166	567	91	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	568	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	568	2	755	755	PROPN
cjrl-14166	568	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	568	4	757	757	NUM
cjrl-14166	568	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	568	6	1999	1999	NUM
cjrl-14166	568	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	568	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	568	9	suggesting	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	568	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	568	11	use	use	NOUN
cjrl-14166	568	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	568	13	vicarious	vicarious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	568	14	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	568	15	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	568	16	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	568	17	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	568	18	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	568	19	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	568	20	citing	cite	VERB
cjrl-14166	568	21	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	568	22	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	568	23	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	568	24	such	such	DET
cjrl-14166	568	25	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	568	26	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	568	27	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	568	28	used	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	568	29	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	568	30	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	569	1	156	156	NUM
cjrl-14166	570	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	570	2	d.	d.	VERB
cjrl-14166	570	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	570	4	758	758	NUM
cjrl-14166	570	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	570	6	759–81	759–81	NUM
cjrl-14166	570	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	570	8	noting	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	570	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	570	10	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	570	11	application	application	NOUN
cjrl-14166	570	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	570	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	570	14	vicarious	vicarious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	570	15	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	570	16	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	570	17	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	570	18	some	some	DET
cjrl-14166	570	19	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	570	20	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	570	21	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	570	22	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	570	23	others	other	NOUN
cjrl-14166	570	24	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	570	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	571	1	157	157	NUM
cjrl-14166	571	2	mead	mead	NOUN
cjrl-14166	571	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	571	4	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	571	5	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	571	6	21	21	NUM
cjrl-14166	571	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	571	8	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	571	9	539	539	NUM
cjrl-14166	571	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	571	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	571	12	moreover	moreover	ADV
cjrl-14166	571	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	571	14	forcing	force	VERB
cjrl-14166	571	15	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	571	16	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	571	17	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	571	18	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	571	19	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	571	20	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	571	21	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	571	22	'	'	PART
cjrl-14166	571	23	unconstitutional	unconstitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	571	24	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	571	25	encourages	encourage	VERB
cjrl-14166	571	26	care	care	NOUN
cjrl-14166	571	27	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	571	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	571	29	hiring	hiring	NOUN
cjrl-14166	571	30	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	571	31	training	training	NOUN
cjrl-14166	571	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	571	33	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	571	34	supervision	supervision	NOUN
cjrl-14166	571	35	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	571	36	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	571	37	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	571	38	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	572	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	572	2	care	care	NOUN
cjrl-14166	572	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	572	4	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	572	5	turn	turn	NOUN
cjrl-14166	572	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	572	7	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	572	8	reduce	reduce	VERB
cjrl-14166	572	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	572	10	number	number	NOUN
cjrl-14166	572	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	572	12	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	572	13	injuries	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	572	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	572	15	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	572	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	572	17	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	573	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	573	2	m]unicipal	m]unicipal	ADP
cjrl-14166	573	3	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	573	4	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	573	5	acts	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	573	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	573	7	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	573	8	focuses	focus	VERB
cjrl-14166	573	9	attention	attention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	573	10	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	573	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	573	12	problem	problem	NOUN
cjrl-14166	573	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	573	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	573	15	unfit	unfit	ADJ
cjrl-14166	573	16	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	573	17	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	573	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	573	19	potential	potential	NOUN
cjrl-14166	573	20	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	573	21	widespread	widespread	ADJ
cjrl-14166	573	22	institutional	institutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	573	23	abuses	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	573	24	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	573	25	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	573	26	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	573	27	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	574	1	1328	1328	NUM
cjrl-14166	574	2	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	574	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	575	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	575	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	575	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	575	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	576	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	576	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	576	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	576	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	577	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	577	2	burden	burden	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	3	placed	place	VERB
cjrl-14166	577	4	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	5	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	6	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	7	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	577	8	claims.158	claims.158	PROPN
cjrl-14166	577	9	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	10	such	such	DET
cjrl-14166	577	11	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	577	12	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	577	14	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	15	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	577	16	no	no	ADV
cjrl-14166	577	17	longer	long	ADV
cjrl-14166	577	18	bank	bank	VERB
cjrl-14166	577	19	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	20	willful	willful	ADJ
cjrl-14166	577	21	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	22	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	577	23	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	577	24	instead	instead	ADV
cjrl-14166	577	25	place	place	VERB
cjrl-14166	577	26	more	more	ADJ
cjrl-14166	577	27	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	28	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	29	proper	proper	ADJ
cjrl-14166	577	30	hiring	hiring	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	577	32	training	training	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	33	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	577	34	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	577	35	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	37	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	577	38	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	39	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	577	40	prevent	prevent	VERB
cjrl-14166	577	41	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	577	42	injury.159	injury.159	VERB
cjrl-14166	577	43	many	many	ADJ
cjrl-14166	577	44	arguments	argument	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	45	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	46	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	577	47	approach	approach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	48	hinge	hinge	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	49	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	50	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	577	51	fear	fear	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	52	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	53	increased	increase	VERB
cjrl-14166	577	54	litigation160	litigation160	PROPN
cjrl-14166	577	55	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	577	56	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	577	57	n’t	not	PART
cjrl-14166	577	58	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	577	59	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	577	60	point	point	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	61	?	?	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	577	62	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	577	63	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	64	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	577	65	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	577	66	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	577	67	hurting	hurt	VERB
cjrl-14166	577	68	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	577	69	pocketbooks	pocketbook	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	70	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	71	municipalities161	municipalities161	PROPN
cjrl-14166	577	72	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	577	73	arguably	arguably	ADV
cjrl-14166	577	74	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	577	75	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	577	76	direct	direct	ADJ
cjrl-14166	577	77	way	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	78	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	79	encouraging	encourage	VERB
cjrl-14166	577	80	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	81	reform?).162	reform?).162	VERB
cjrl-14166	577	82	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	577	83	limited	limited	ADJ
cjrl-14166	577	84	application	application	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	85	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	86	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	577	87	approach	approach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	88	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	89	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	577	90	juvenile	juvenile	ADJ
cjrl-14166	577	91	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	92	alone	alone	ADV
cjrl-14166	577	93	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	577	94	assuage	assuage	VERB
cjrl-14166	577	95	some	some	PRON
cjrl-14166	577	96	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	97	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	577	98	longstanding	longstanding	ADJ
cjrl-14166	577	99	concerns	concern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	100	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	101	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	102	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	577	103	expansion	expansion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	104	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	577	105	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	577	106	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	578	1	additional	additional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	578	2	criticisms	criticism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	578	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	578	4	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	578	5	change	change	NOUN
cjrl-14166	578	6	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	578	7	monell	monell	VERB
cjrl-14166	578	8	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	578	9	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	578	10	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	578	11	indemnification	indemnification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	578	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	578	13	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	578	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	578	15	according	accord	VERB
cjrl-14166	578	16	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	578	17	some	some	PRON
cjrl-14166	578	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	578	19	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	578	20	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	578	21	make	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	578	22	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	578	23	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	578	24	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	578	25	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	578	26	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	578	27	wrong	wrong	ADJ
cjrl-14166	578	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	578	29	per	per	X
cjrl-14166	578	30	se	se	X
cjrl-14166	578	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	578	32	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	578	33	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	578	34	ineffectual	ineffectual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	578	35	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	579	1	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	579	2	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	579	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	579	4	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	579	5	current	current	ADJ
cjrl-14166	579	6	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	579	7	indemnification	indemnification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	579	8	practice	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	579	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	579	10	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	579	11	governmental	governmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	579	12	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	579	13	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	579	14	difficult	difficult	ADJ
cjrl-14166	579	15	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	579	16	obtain	obtain	VERB
cjrl-14166	579	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	579	18	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	579	19	suits	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	579	20	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	579	21	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	579	22	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	579	23	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	579	24	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	579	25	actually	actually	ADV
cjrl-14166	579	26	paid	pay	VERB
cjrl-14166	579	27	out	out	ADP
cjrl-14166	579	28	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	579	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	579	30	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	579	31	themselves	themselves	PRON
cjrl-14166	579	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	1	instead	instead	ADV
cjrl-14166	580	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	3	rare	rare	ADV
cjrl-14166	580	4	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	580	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	580	6	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	7	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	580	8	loses	lose	VERB
cjrl-14166	580	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	580	10	lawsuit	lawsuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	11	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	580	12	pays	pay	VERB
cjrl-14166	580	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	580	14	settlement	settlement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	16	attorney	attorney	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	17	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	580	18	fees	fee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	20	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	580	21	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	580	22	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	580	23	costs	cost	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	24	out	out	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	26	pocket.163	pocket.163	PROPN
cjrl-14166	580	27	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	580	28	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	580	29	institution	institution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	30	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	580	31	paying	pay	VERB
cjrl-14166	580	32	out	out	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	33	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	580	34	lawsuits	lawsuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	35	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	36	158	158	NUM
cjrl-14166	580	37	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	580	38	i	i	PROPN
cjrl-14166	580	39	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	580	40	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	41	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	580	43	victim	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	44	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	45	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	580	46	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	47	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	580	48	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	580	49	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	580	50	identify	identify	VERB
cjrl-14166	580	51	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	580	52	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	580	53	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	54	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cjrl-14166	580	55	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	56	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	580	57	injury	injury	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	58	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	580	59	satisfy	satisfy	VERB
cjrl-14166	580	60	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	580	61	judgment	judgment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	62	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	63	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	580	64	actor	actor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	65	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	580	66	go	go	VERB
cjrl-14166	580	67	uncompensated	uncompensated	ADJ
cjrl-14166	580	68	unless	unless	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	580	69	he	he	PRON
cjrl-14166	580	70	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	580	71	she	she	PRON
cjrl-14166	580	72	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	580	73	recover	recover	VERB
cjrl-14166	580	74	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	75	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	580	76	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	77	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	78	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	580	79	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	80	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	580	81	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	82	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	83	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	84	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	85	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	86	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	580	87	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	580	88	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	89	leong	leong	PROPN
cjrl-14166	580	90	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	91	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	580	92	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	93	5	5	NUM
cjrl-14166	580	94	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	95	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	96	358	358	NUM
cjrl-14166	580	97	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	98	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	99	second	second	ADJ
cjrl-14166	580	100	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	101	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	580	102	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	103	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	580	104	seeks	seek	VERB
cjrl-14166	580	105	redress	redress	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	106	directly	directly	ADV
cjrl-14166	580	107	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	108	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	580	109	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	110	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	580	111	recover	recover	VERB
cjrl-14166	580	112	regardless	regardless	ADV
cjrl-14166	580	113	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	114	whether	whether	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	580	115	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	580	116	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	580	117	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	118	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	580	119	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	580	120	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	580	121	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	580	122	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	580	123	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	580	124	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	580	125	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	126	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	580	127	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	581	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	582	1	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	582	2	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	582	3	therefore	therefore	ADV
cjrl-14166	582	4	offers	offer	VERB
cjrl-14166	582	5	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	582	6	alternative	alternative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	582	7	avenue	avenue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	582	8	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	582	9	achieving	achieve	VERB
cjrl-14166	582	10	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	582	11	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	582	12	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	582	13	goal	goal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	582	14	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	582	15	providing	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	582	16	redress	redress	NOUN
cjrl-14166	582	17	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	582	18	injured	injure	VERB
cjrl-14166	582	19	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	582	20	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	582	21	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	582	22	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	582	23	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	582	24	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	582	25	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	582	26	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	582	27	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	582	28	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	582	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	582	30	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	582	31	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	582	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	583	1	159	159	NUM
cjrl-14166	583	2	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	583	3	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	583	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	583	5	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	583	6	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	583	7	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	583	8	aware	aware	ADJ
cjrl-14166	583	9	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	583	10	hiring	hire	VERB
cjrl-14166	583	11	personnel	personnel	NOUN
cjrl-14166	583	12	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	583	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	583	14	nature	nature	NOUN
cjrl-14166	583	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	583	16	certain	certain	ADJ
cjrl-14166	583	17	sensitive	sensitive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	583	18	governmental	governmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	583	19	jobs	job	NOUN
cjrl-14166	583	20	puts	put	VERB
cjrl-14166	583	21	certain	certain	ADJ
cjrl-14166	583	22	employees	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	583	23	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	583	24	positions	position	NOUN
cjrl-14166	583	25	having	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	583	26	direct	direct	ADJ
cjrl-14166	583	27	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	583	28	special	special	ADJ
cjrl-14166	583	29	effect	effect	NOUN
cjrl-14166	583	30	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	583	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	583	32	valued	value	VERB
cjrl-14166	583	33	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	583	34	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	583	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	583	36	citizenry	citizenry	NOUN
cjrl-14166	583	37	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	584	1	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	584	2	functions	function	NOUN
cjrl-14166	584	3	create	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	584	4	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	584	5	increase	increase	VERB
cjrl-14166	584	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	584	7	risk	risk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	584	8	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	584	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	584	10	governmental	governmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	584	11	operatives	operative	NOUN
cjrl-14166	584	12	will	will	AUX
cjrl-14166	584	13	infringe	infringe	VERB
cjrl-14166	584	14	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	584	15	liberties	liberty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	584	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	584	17	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	584	18	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	584	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	585	1	160	160	NUM
cjrl-14166	586	1	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	586	2	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	586	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	586	4	540	540	NUM
cjrl-14166	586	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	587	1	161	161	NUM
cjrl-14166	587	2	cong	cong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	587	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	588	1	globe	globe	NOUN
cjrl-14166	588	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	588	3	42d	42d	NOUN
cjrl-14166	588	4	cong	cong	PROPN
cjrl-14166	588	5	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	588	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	588	7	1st	1st	ADJ
cjrl-14166	588	8	sess	sess	NOUN
cjrl-14166	588	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	589	1	244	244	NUM
cjrl-14166	589	2	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	589	3	1871	1871	NUM
cjrl-14166	589	4	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	589	5	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	590	1	162	162	NUM
cjrl-14166	590	2	lisa	lisa	PROPN
cjrl-14166	590	3	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	590	4	hawke	hawke	PROPN
cjrl-14166	590	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	590	6	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	590	7	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	590	8	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	590	9	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	590	10	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	590	11	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	590	12	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	590	13	empirical	empirical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	590	14	study	study	NOUN
cjrl-14166	590	15	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	590	16	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	590	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	590	18	38	38	NUM
cjrl-14166	590	19	suffolk	suffolk	PROPN
cjrl-14166	590	20	u.	u.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	590	21	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	590	22	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	590	23	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	590	24	831	831	NUM
cjrl-14166	590	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	590	26	850	850	NUM
cjrl-14166	590	27	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	590	28	2005	2005	NUM
cjrl-14166	590	29	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	590	30	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	590	31	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	590	32	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	590	33	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	590	34	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	590	35	enacted	enact	VERB
cjrl-14166	590	36	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	590	37	congress	congress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	590	38	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	590	39	serve	serve	VERB
cjrl-14166	590	40	those	those	PRON
cjrl-14166	590	41	seeking	seek	VERB
cjrl-14166	590	42	redress	redress	NOUN
cjrl-14166	590	43	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	590	44	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	590	45	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	590	46	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	590	47	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	590	48	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	590	49	committed	commit	VERB
cjrl-14166	590	50	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	590	51	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	590	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	591	1	currently	currently	ADV
cjrl-14166	591	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	591	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	591	4	approach	approach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	591	5	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	591	6	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	591	7	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	591	8	favors	favor	VERB
cjrl-14166	591	9	those	those	PRON
cjrl-14166	591	10	committing	commit	VERB
cjrl-14166	591	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	591	12	wrong	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	591	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	591	14	instead	instead	ADV
cjrl-14166	591	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	591	16	those	those	PRON
cjrl-14166	591	17	seeking	seek	VERB
cjrl-14166	591	18	redress	redress	NOUN
cjrl-14166	591	19	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	591	20	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	591	21	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	591	22	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	591	23	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	591	24	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	592	1	this	this	PRON
cjrl-14166	592	2	seems	seem	VERB
cjrl-14166	592	3	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	592	4	contradictory	contradictory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	592	5	result	result	NOUN
cjrl-14166	592	6	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	592	7	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	592	8	judicial	judicial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	592	9	system	system	NOUN
cjrl-14166	592	10	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	592	11	aims	aim	VERB
cjrl-14166	592	12	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	592	13	promote	promote	VERB
cjrl-14166	592	14	fairness	fairness	NOUN
cjrl-14166	592	15	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	592	16	equitable	equitable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	592	17	solutions	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	592	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	592	19	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	592	20	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	592	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	593	1	163	163	NUM
cjrl-14166	593	2	human	human	ADJ
cjrl-14166	593	3	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	593	4	watch	watch	NOUN
cjrl-14166	593	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	593	6	shielded	shield	VERB
cjrl-14166	593	7	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	593	8	justice	justice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	593	9	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	593	10	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	593	11	brutality	brutality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	593	12	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	593	13	accountability	accountability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	593	14	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	593	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	593	16	united	united	PROPN
cjrl-14166	593	17	states	states	PROPN
cjrl-14166	593	18	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	593	19	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	593	20	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	593	21	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	593	22	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	593	23	lawsuits	lawsuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	593	24	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	593	25	1998	1998	NUM
cjrl-14166	593	26	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	593	27	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	593	28	"	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	593	29	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	593	30	themselves	themselves	PRON
cjrl-14166	593	31	do	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	593	32	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	593	33	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	593	34	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	593	35	pay	pay	VERB
cjrl-14166	593	36	personally	personally	ADV
cjrl-14166	593	37	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	593	38	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	593	39	lawsuits	lawsuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	593	40	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	593	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	593	42	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	593	43	almost	almost	ADV
cjrl-14166	593	44	always	always	ADV
cjrl-14166	593	45	indemnifies	indemnify	VERB
cjrl-14166	593	46	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	593	47	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	593	48	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	593	49	pays	pay	VERB
cjrl-14166	593	50	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	594	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	594	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	594	3	rare	rare	ADJ
cjrl-14166	594	4	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	594	5	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	594	6	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	594	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	594	8	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	594	9	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	594	10	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	594	11	covered	cover	VERB
cjrl-14166	594	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	594	13	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	594	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	594	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	594	16	pba	pba	PROPN
cjrl-14166	594	17	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	594	18	patrolmen	patrolman	NOUN
cjrl-14166	594	19	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	594	20	benevolent	benevolent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	594	21	association	association	NOUN
cjrl-14166	594	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	594	23	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	594	24	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	594	25	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	594	26	'	'	PART
cjrl-14166	594	27	union	union	NOUN
cjrl-14166	594	28	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	594	29	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	594	30	done	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	594	31	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	594	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	594	33	"	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	594	34	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	594	35	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	1	lant	lant	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	2	b.	b.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	3	davis	davis	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	5	john	john	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	6	h.	h.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	7	small	small	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	8	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	595	9	david	david	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	10	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	11	wohlberg	wohlberg	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	13	suing	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	595	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	595	15	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	16	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	595	17	federal	federal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	595	18	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	20	88	88	NUM
cjrl-14166	595	21	yale	yale	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	22	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	23	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	24	781	781	NUM
cjrl-14166	595	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	26	810–12	810–12	NUM
cjrl-14166	595	27	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	28	1979	1979	NUM
cjrl-14166	595	29	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	30	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	31	examining	examine	VERB
cjrl-14166	595	32	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	595	33	sample	sample	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	34	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	595	35	149	149	NUM
cjrl-14166	595	36	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	595	38	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	39	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	595	40	lawsuits	lawsuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	41	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	595	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	595	43	district	district	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	44	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	595	45	connecticut	connecticut	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	46	between	between	ADP
cjrl-14166	595	47	1970	1970	NUM
cjrl-14166	595	48	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	595	49	1977	1977	NUM
cjrl-14166	595	50	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	595	51	finding	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	595	52	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	595	53	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	54	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	595	55	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	56	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	595	57	almost	almost	ADV
cjrl-14166	595	58	always	always	ADV
cjrl-14166	595	59	indemnified	indemnify	VERB
cjrl-14166	595	60	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	61	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	595	62	suffered	suffer	VERB
cjrl-14166	595	63	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	595	64	personal	personal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	595	65	financial	financial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	595	66	losses	loss	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	67	after	after	ADP
cjrl-14166	595	68	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	595	69	lawsuits	lawsuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	70	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	71	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	72	theodore	theodore	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	73	eisenberg	eisenberg	PROPN
cjrl-14166	595	74	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	595	75	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	595	76	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	77	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	78	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	79	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	80	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	595	81	1329	1329	NUM
cjrl-14166	595	82	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	83	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	84	anyways	anyways	ADV
cjrl-14166	595	85	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	86	adopting	adopt	VERB
cjrl-14166	595	87	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	88	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	595	89	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	595	90	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
cjrl-14166	595	91	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	595	92	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	93	might	might	AUX
cjrl-14166	595	94	seem	seem	VERB
cjrl-14166	595	95	like	like	ADP
cjrl-14166	595	96	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	595	97	redundant	redundant	ADJ
cjrl-14166	595	98	solution	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	99	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	100	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	595	101	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	102	de	de	X
cjrl-14166	595	103	facto	facto	X
cjrl-14166	595	104	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	105	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	595	106	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	107	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	108	might	might	AUX
cjrl-14166	595	109	already	already	ADV
cjrl-14166	595	110	exist	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	595	111	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	595	112	indemnification.164	indemnification.164	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	113	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	595	114	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	595	115	issue	issue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	116	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	595	117	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	118	indemnification	indemnification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	119	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	595	120	make	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	595	121	adoption	adoption	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	122	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	595	123	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	124	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	595	125	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	595	126	less	less	ADV
cjrl-14166	595	127	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	595	128	solution	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	595	129	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	595	130	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	595	131	does	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	595	132	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	595	133	render	render	VERB
cjrl-14166	595	134	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	595	135	any	any	PRON
cjrl-14166	595	136	less	less	ADV
cjrl-14166	595	137	important	important	ADJ
cjrl-14166	595	138	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	596	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	596	2	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	596	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	596	5	lack	lack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	596	7	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	8	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	596	9	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	10	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	11	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	596	12	continues	continue	VERB
cjrl-14166	596	13	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	596	14	indemnification	indemnification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	15	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	596	16	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	17	enough	enough	ADV
cjrl-14166	596	18	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	596	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	596	20	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	21	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	596	22	indemnification	indemnification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	23	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	596	24	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	596	25	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	596	26	nearly	nearly	ADV
cjrl-14166	596	27	serious	serious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	596	28	enough	enough	ADV
cjrl-14166	596	29	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	596	30	encourage	encourage	VERB
cjrl-14166	596	31	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	32	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	596	33	pursue	pursue	VERB
cjrl-14166	596	34	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	35	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	36	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	596	37	reform.165	reform.165	VERB
cjrl-14166	596	38	2	2	NUM
cjrl-14166	596	39	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	596	40	nonenforcement	nonenforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	41	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	596	42	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	596	43	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	44	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	596	45	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	596	46	policies	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	47	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	596	48	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	49	constitute	constitute	VERB
cjrl-14166	596	50	tolerance	tolerance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	51	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	596	52	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	53	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	596	54	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	55	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	56	without	without	ADP
cjrl-14166	596	57	adopting	adopt	VERB
cjrl-14166	596	58	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	596	59	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	60	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	596	61	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	62	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	596	63	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	596	64	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	596	65	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	596	66	governmental	governmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	596	67	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	68	requirement	requirement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	69	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	596	70	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	596	71	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	596	72	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	596	73	prevail	prevail	VERB
cjrl-14166	596	74	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	597	1	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	597	2	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	597	3	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	597	4	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	597	5	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	597	6	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	597	7	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	597	8	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	597	9	application	application	NOUN
cjrl-14166	597	10	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	597	11	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	597	12	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	597	13	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
cjrl-14166	597	14	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	597	15	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	597	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	598	1	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	598	2	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	598	3	evident	evident	ADJ
cjrl-14166	598	4	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	598	5	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	598	6	variety	variety	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	7	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	598	8	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	9	policies	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	10	exist	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	598	11	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	598	12	require	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	598	13	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	14	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	15	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	16	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	598	17	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	598	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	598	19	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	598	20	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	21	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	598	22	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	23	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	598	24	general	general	ADJ
cjrl-14166	598	25	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	598	26	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	27	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	598	28	particular	particular	ADJ
cjrl-14166	598	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	598	30	including	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	598	31	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	598	32	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	598	33	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	598	34	limited	limit	VERB
cjrl-14166	598	35	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	598	36	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	598	37	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	598	38	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	39	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	598	40	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	41	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	42	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	598	43	colleagues,166	colleagues,166	PRON
cjrl-14166	598	44	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	598	45	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	46	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	598	47	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	48	abuse,167	abuse,167	ADV
cjrl-14166	598	49	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	598	50	employment	employment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	51	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	52	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	598	53	recommended	recommend	VERB
cjrl-14166	598	54	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	598	55	investigative	investigative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	598	56	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	598	57	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	598	58	arms	arm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	59	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	598	60	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	61	forces	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	62	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	598	63	i.e.	i.e.	X
cjrl-14166	598	64	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	65	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	598	66	iab	iab	PROPN
cjrl-14166	598	67	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	598	68	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	69	commissioners	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	70	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	598	71	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	598	72	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	598	73	equivalents	equivalent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	598	74	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	598	75	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	599	1	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	599	2	stewart	stewart	PROPN
cjrl-14166	599	3	schwab	schwab	PROPN
cjrl-14166	599	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	599	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	599	6	reality	reality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	599	7	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	599	8	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	599	9	tort	tort	NOUN
cjrl-14166	599	10	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	599	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	599	12	72	72	NUM
cjrl-14166	599	13	cornell	cornell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	599	14	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	599	15	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	599	16	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	599	17	641	641	NUM
cjrl-14166	599	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	599	19	685	685	NUM
cjrl-14166	599	20	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	599	21	1987	1987	NUM
cjrl-14166	599	22	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	599	23	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	599	24	reviewing	review	VERB
cjrl-14166	599	25	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	599	26	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	599	27	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	599	28	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	599	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	599	30	central	central	ADJ
cjrl-14166	599	31	district	district	NOUN
cjrl-14166	599	32	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	599	33	california	california	PROPN
cjrl-14166	599	34	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	599	35	1980	1980	NUM
cjrl-14166	599	36	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	599	37	1981	1981	NUM
cjrl-14166	599	38	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	599	39	finding	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	599	40	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	599	41	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	599	42	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	599	43	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	599	44	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	599	45	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	599	46	paid	pay	VERB
cjrl-14166	599	47	out	out	ADP
cjrl-14166	599	48	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	599	49	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	599	50	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	599	51	pocket	pocket	NOUN
cjrl-14166	599	52	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	599	53	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	599	54	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	599	55	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	599	56	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	599	57	lawsuit	lawsuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	599	58	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	599	59	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	600	1	164	164	NUM
cjrl-14166	600	2	schwartz	schwartz	NOUN
cjrl-14166	600	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	600	4	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	600	5	indemnification	indemnification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	600	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	600	7	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	600	8	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	600	9	9	9	NUM
cjrl-14166	600	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	600	11	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	600	12	944–46	944–46	PROPN
cjrl-14166	600	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	600	14	2014	2014	NUM
cjrl-14166	600	15	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	600	16	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	600	17	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	600	18	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	600	19	g]iven	g]iven	VERB
cjrl-14166	600	20	widespread	widespread	ADJ
cjrl-14166	600	21	indemnification	indemnification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	600	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	600	23	there	there	PRON
cjrl-14166	600	24	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	600	25	arguably	arguably	ADV
cjrl-14166	600	26	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	600	27	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	600	28	less	less	ADV
cjrl-14166	600	29	urgent	urgent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	600	30	need	need	NOUN
cjrl-14166	600	31	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	600	32	replace	replace	VERB
cjrl-14166	600	33	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	600	34	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	600	35	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	600	36	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	600	37	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	600	38	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	600	39	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	600	40	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	600	41	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	600	42	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	600	43	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	600	44	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	600	45	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	601	1	165	165	NUM
cjrl-14166	601	2	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	601	3	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	601	4	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	5	indemnification	indemnification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	601	7	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	601	8	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	9	standards	standard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	10	make	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	601	11	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	601	12	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	601	13	claims	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	14	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	601	15	difficult	difficult	ADJ
cjrl-14166	601	16	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	601	17	bring	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	601	18	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	601	19	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	601	20	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	21	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	601	22	vicarious	vicarious	ADJ
cjrl-14166	601	23	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	24	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	601	25	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	26	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	601	27	overcomes	overcome	VERB
cjrl-14166	601	28	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	601	29	barrier	barrier	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	30	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	601	31	recovery	recovery	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	32	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	601	33	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	601	34	way	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	35	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	601	36	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	37	indemnification	indemnification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	601	38	does	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	601	39	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	601	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	602	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	602	2	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	602	3	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	602	4	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	602	5	946	946	NUM
cjrl-14166	602	6	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	602	7	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	602	8	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	602	9	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	602	10	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	602	11	officer	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	602	12	violated	violate	VERB
cjrl-14166	602	13	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	602	14	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	602	15	were	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	602	16	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	602	17	clearly	clearly	ADV
cjrl-14166	602	18	established	establish	VERB
cjrl-14166	602	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	602	20	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	602	21	therefore	therefore	ADV
cjrl-14166	602	22	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	602	23	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	602	24	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	602	25	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	602	26	personally	personally	ADV
cjrl-14166	602	27	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	602	28	due	due	ADP
cjrl-14166	602	29	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	602	30	qualified	qualified	ADJ
cjrl-14166	602	31	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	602	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	602	33	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	602	34	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	602	35	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	602	36	remain	remain	VERB
cjrl-14166	602	37	vicariously	vicariously	ADV
cjrl-14166	602	38	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	602	39	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	602	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	602	41	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	602	42	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	602	43	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	602	44	employee	employee	NOUN
cjrl-14166	602	45	's	's	PART
cjrl-14166	602	46	wrongs	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	602	47	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	602	48	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	602	49	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	602	50	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	603	1	166	166	NUM
cjrl-14166	603	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	603	3	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	603	4	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	603	5	110	110	NUM
cjrl-14166	603	6	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	603	7	accompanying	accompany	VERB
cjrl-14166	603	8	text	text	NOUN
cjrl-14166	603	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	604	1	167	167	NUM
cjrl-14166	604	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	604	3	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	604	4	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	604	5	65–68	65–68	NUM
cjrl-14166	604	6	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	604	7	1330	1330	NUM
cjrl-14166	604	8	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	604	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	605	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	605	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	605	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	605	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	606	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	606	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	606	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	606	5	kinds	kind	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	606	7	policies	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	606	9	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	606	10	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	606	11	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	606	12	interpreted	interpret	VERB
cjrl-14166	606	13	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	606	14	efforts	effort	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	15	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	606	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	606	17	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	18	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	606	19	prevent	prevent	VERB
cjrl-14166	606	20	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	606	21	avoid	avoid	VERB
cjrl-14166	606	22	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	606	23	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	606	25	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	606	26	preclude	preclude	VERB
cjrl-14166	606	27	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	28	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	29	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	606	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	606	31	first	first	ADJ
cjrl-14166	606	32	form	form	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	33	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	606	34	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	606	35	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	36	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	606	37	implementation	implementation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	38	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	606	39	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	606	40	official	official	ADJ
cjrl-14166	606	41	written	write	VERB
cjrl-14166	606	42	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	43	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	606	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	606	45	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	606	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	607	1	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	607	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	607	3	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	607	4	directly	directly	ADV
cjrl-14166	607	5	invoke	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	607	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	607	7	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	607	8	three	three	NUM
cjrl-14166	607	9	pathways	pathway	NOUN
cjrl-14166	607	10	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	607	11	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	607	12	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	607	13	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	607	14	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	607	15	offer	offer	VERB
cjrl-14166	607	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	607	17	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	607	18	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	607	19	add	add	VERB
cjrl-14166	607	20	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	607	21	fifth	fifth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	607	22	route	route	NOUN
cjrl-14166	607	23	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	607	24	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	607	25	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	607	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	607	27	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	607	28	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	607	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	608	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	608	2	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	608	4	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	608	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	608	6	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	7	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	8	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	608	9	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	608	10	reformed	reform	VERB
cjrl-14166	608	11	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	608	12	allow	allow	VERB
cjrl-14166	608	13	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	14	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	608	15	invoke	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	608	16	nonenforcement	nonenforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	17	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	608	18	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	608	19	fifth	fifth	ADJ
cjrl-14166	608	20	category	category	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	21	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	608	22	pathway	pathway	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	23	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	608	24	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	25	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	608	26	which	which	DET
cjrl-14166	608	27	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	28	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	608	29	act	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	608	30	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	608	31	accordance	accordance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	32	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	608	33	written	write	VERB
cjrl-14166	608	34	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	35	gives	give	VERB
cjrl-14166	608	36	rise	rise	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	37	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	608	38	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	608	39	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	40	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	608	41	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	609	1	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	609	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	609	3	very	very	ADV
cjrl-14166	609	4	least	least	ADJ
cjrl-14166	609	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	609	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	609	7	patterns	pattern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	609	8	reflecting	reflect	VERB
cjrl-14166	609	9	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	609	10	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	609	11	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	609	12	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	609	13	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	609	14	adhere	adhere	VERB
cjrl-14166	609	15	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	609	16	policies	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	609	17	governing	govern	VERB
cjrl-14166	609	18	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	609	19	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cjrl-14166	609	20	falls	fall	VERB
cjrl-14166	609	21	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	609	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	609	23	existing	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	609	24	pathway	pathway	NOUN
cjrl-14166	609	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	609	26	custom	custom	ADV
cjrl-14166	609	27	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	609	28	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	609	29	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	609	30	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	610	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	610	2	code	code	NOUN
cjrl-14166	610	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	610	4	silence	silence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	610	5	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	610	6	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	610	7	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	610	8	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	610	9	documented	document	VERB
cjrl-14166	610	10	pattern	pattern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	610	11	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	610	12	practice	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	610	13	constituting	constitute	VERB
cjrl-14166	610	14	governmental	governmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	610	15	custom	custom	NOUN
cjrl-14166	610	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	610	17	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	610	18	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	610	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	610	20	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	610	21	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	610	22	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	610	23	child	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	610	24	abuse	abuse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	610	25	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	610	26	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	610	27	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	610	28	laws	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	610	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	611	1	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	2	ii	ii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	611	3	a.	a.	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	4	detailed	detail	VERB
cjrl-14166	611	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	611	6	extent	extent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	7	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	611	8	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	611	9	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	10	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	11	’	’	PART
cjrl-14166	611	12	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	13	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	611	14	follow	follow	VERB
cjrl-14166	611	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	611	16	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	611	17	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	18	requirements	requirement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	19	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	611	20	both	both	DET
cjrl-14166	611	21	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	22	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	23	stipulations	stipulation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	24	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	611	25	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	611	26	reporting	reporting	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	27	laws	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	28	manifest	manifest	VERB
cjrl-14166	611	29	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	611	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	611	31	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	611	32	code	code	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	33	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	611	34	silence	silence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	35	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	611	36	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	611	37	this	this	PRON
cjrl-14166	611	38	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	611	39	arguably	arguably	ADV
cjrl-14166	611	40	exactly	exactly	ADV
cjrl-14166	611	41	what	what	PRON
cjrl-14166	611	42	custom	custom	ADV
cjrl-14166	611	43	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	611	44	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	611	45	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	46	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	611	47	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	611	48	designed	design	VERB
cjrl-14166	611	49	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	611	50	address	address	VERB
cjrl-14166	611	51	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	612	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	612	2	supreme	supreme	PROPN
cjrl-14166	612	3	court	court	PROPN
cjrl-14166	612	4	noted	note	VERB
cjrl-14166	612	5	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	612	6	adickes	adicke	NOUN
cjrl-14166	612	7	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	612	8	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	612	9	settled	settle	VERB
cjrl-14166	612	10	practices	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	612	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	612	12	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	612	13	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	612	14	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	612	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	612	16	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	612	17	imposing	impose	VERB
cjrl-14166	612	18	sanctions	sanction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	612	19	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	612	20	withholding	withholding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	612	21	benefits	benefit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	612	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	612	23	transform	transform	VERB
cjrl-14166	612	24	private	private	ADJ
cjrl-14166	612	25	predilections	predilection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	612	26	into	into	ADP
cjrl-14166	612	27	compulsory	compulsory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	612	28	rules	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	612	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	612	30	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cjrl-14166	612	31	no	no	ADV
cjrl-14166	612	32	less	less	ADJ
cjrl-14166	612	33	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	612	34	legislative	legislative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	612	35	pronouncements	pronouncement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	612	36	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	612	37	”168	”168	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	613	1	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	613	2	fact	fact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	613	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	613	4	justice	justice	PROPN
cjrl-14166	613	5	frankfurter	frankfurter	PROPN
cjrl-14166	613	6	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	613	7	posited	posit	VERB
cjrl-14166	613	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	613	9	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	613	10	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	613	11	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	613	12	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	613	13	narrow	narrow	ADJ
cjrl-14166	613	14	conception	conception	NOUN
cjrl-14166	613	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	613	16	jurisprudence	jurisprudence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	613	17	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	613	18	confine	confine	VERB
cjrl-14166	613	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	613	20	notion	notion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	613	21	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	613	22	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	613	23	laws	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	613	24	'	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	613	25	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	613	26	what	what	PRON
cjrl-14166	613	27	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	613	28	found	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	613	29	written	write	VERB
cjrl-14166	613	30	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	613	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	613	32	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	613	33	books	book	NOUN
cjrl-14166	613	34	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	613	35	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	613	36	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	613	37	disregard	disregard	VERB
cjrl-14166	613	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	613	39	gloss	gloss	NOUN
cjrl-14166	613	40	which	which	DET
cjrl-14166	613	41	life	life	NOUN
cjrl-14166	613	42	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	613	43	written	write	VERB
cjrl-14166	613	44	upon	upon	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	613	45	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	613	46	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	614	1	settled	settle	VERB
cjrl-14166	614	2	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	614	3	practice	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	614	4	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	614	5	establish	establish	VERB
cjrl-14166	614	6	what	what	PRON
cjrl-14166	614	7	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	614	8	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	614	9	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	614	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	614	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	615	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	615	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	616	1	deeply	deeply	ADV
cjrl-14166	616	2	embedded	embed	VERB
cjrl-14166	616	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	616	4	ways	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	616	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	616	6	carrying	carry	VERB
cjrl-14166	616	7	out	out	ADP
cjrl-14166	616	8	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	616	9	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	616	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	616	11	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	617	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	618	1	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	618	2	often	often	ADV
cjrl-14166	618	3	tougher	tough	ADJ
cjrl-14166	618	4	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	618	5	truer	true	ADJ
cjrl-14166	618	6	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	618	7	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	618	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	618	9	dead	dead	ADJ
cjrl-14166	618	10	words	word	NOUN
cjrl-14166	618	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	618	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	618	13	written	write	VERB
cjrl-14166	618	14	text.169	text.169	NOUN
cjrl-14166	618	15	168	168	NUM
cjrl-14166	618	16	adickes	adicke	NOUN
cjrl-14166	618	17	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	618	18	s.	s.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	618	19	h.	h.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	618	20	kress	kress	PROPN
cjrl-14166	618	21	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	618	22	co.	co.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	618	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	618	24	398	398	NUM
cjrl-14166	618	25	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	618	26	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	618	27	144	144	NUM
cjrl-14166	618	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	618	29	167–68	167–68	NUM
cjrl-14166	618	30	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	618	31	1970	1970	NUM
cjrl-14166	618	32	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	618	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	619	1	169	169	NUM
cjrl-14166	619	2	nashville	nashville	PROPN
cjrl-14166	619	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	619	4	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	619	5	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	619	6	st	st	PROPN
cjrl-14166	619	7	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	619	8	l.r	l.r	PROPN
cjrl-14166	619	9	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	619	10	co.	co.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	619	11	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	619	12	browning	browning	PROPN
cjrl-14166	619	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	619	14	310	310	NUM
cjrl-14166	619	15	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	619	16	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	619	17	362	362	NUM
cjrl-14166	619	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	619	19	369	369	NUM
cjrl-14166	619	20	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	619	21	1940	1940	NUM
cjrl-14166	619	22	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	619	23	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	620	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	620	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	620	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	620	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	620	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	620	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	620	7	1331	1331	NUM
cjrl-14166	620	8	statements	statement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	620	9	made	make	VERB
cjrl-14166	620	10	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	620	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	620	12	chief	chief	NOUN
cjrl-14166	620	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	620	14	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	620	15	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	620	16	mayor	mayor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	620	17	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	620	18	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	620	19	orleans	orleans	PROPN
cjrl-14166	620	20	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	620	21	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	620	22	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	620	23	considered	consider	VERB
cjrl-14166	620	24	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	620	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	620	26	supreme	supreme	PROPN
cjrl-14166	620	27	court	court	PROPN
cjrl-14166	620	28	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	620	29	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	620	30	articulat[e	articulat[e	PROPN
cjrl-14166	620	31	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	620	32	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	620	33	custom	custom	NOUN
cjrl-14166	620	34	having	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	620	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	620	36	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	620	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	620	38	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	620	39	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	620	40	”170	”170	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	621	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	621	2	understanding	understanding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	621	3	places	place	VERB
cjrl-14166	621	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	621	5	actions	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	621	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	621	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	621	8	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	621	9	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	621	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	621	11	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	621	12	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	621	13	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	621	14	i.e.	i.e.	X
cjrl-14166	621	15	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	621	16	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	621	17	discipline	discipline	VERB
cjrl-14166	621	18	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	621	19	officers	officer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	621	20	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	621	21	ccrb	ccrb	NOUN
cjrl-14166	621	22	recommendations),171	recommendations),171	VERB
cjrl-14166	621	23	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	621	24	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	621	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	621	26	squarely	squarely	ADV
cjrl-14166	621	27	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	621	28	custom	custom	ADV
cjrl-14166	621	29	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	621	30	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	621	31	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	621	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	622	1	generally	generally	ADV
cjrl-14166	622	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	622	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	622	4	lack	lack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	622	6	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	7	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	622	8	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	9	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	622	11	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	622	12	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
cjrl-14166	622	13	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	622	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	622	15	nypd	nypd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	622	16	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	622	17	report	report	PROPN
cjrl-14166	622	18	post	post	ADJ
cjrl-14166	622	19	-	-	ADJ
cjrl-14166	622	20	stop	stop	VERB
cjrl-14166	622	21	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	622	22	frisk	frisk	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	23	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	622	24	after	after	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	622	25	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	26	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	622	27	thus	thus	ADV
cjrl-14166	622	28	constitute	constitute	VERB
cjrl-14166	622	29	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	622	30	pattern	pattern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	31	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	622	32	practice	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	33	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	622	34	invokes	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	622	35	monell	monell	VERB
cjrl-14166	622	36	liability,172	liability,172	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	37	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	622	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	622	39	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	622	40	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	622	41	existence	existence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	42	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	622	43	various	various	ADJ
cjrl-14166	622	44	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	45	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	622	46	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	47	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	622	48	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	622	49	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	50	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	51	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	622	52	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	622	53	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	622	54	engages	engage	VERB
cjrl-14166	622	55	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	622	56	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	622	57	repeated	repeat	VERB
cjrl-14166	622	58	practice	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	59	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	622	60	reduced	reduce	VERB
cjrl-14166	622	61	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	622	62	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	63	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	622	64	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	622	65	at	at	ADV
cjrl-14166	622	66	all	all	ADV
cjrl-14166	622	67	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	622	68	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	622	69	circumvents	circumvent	VERB
cjrl-14166	622	70	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
cjrl-14166	622	71	requirements	requirement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	72	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	622	73	reflects	reflect	VERB
cjrl-14166	622	74	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	622	75	de	de	X
cjrl-14166	622	76	facto	facto	X
cjrl-14166	622	77	policy	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	78	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	622	79	allowing	allow	VERB
cjrl-14166	622	80	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	81	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	82	officials	official	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	83	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	622	84	dodge	dodge	VERB
cjrl-14166	622	85	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	86	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	622	87	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	622	88	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	623	1	outside	outside	ADP
cjrl-14166	623	2	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	623	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	623	4	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	623	5	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	623	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	623	7	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	623	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	623	9	another	another	DET
cjrl-14166	623	10	promising	promising	ADJ
cjrl-14166	623	11	avenue	avenue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	623	12	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	623	13	institutional	institutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	623	14	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	623	15	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	623	16	exist	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	623	17	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	623	18	minors	minor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	623	19	subject	subject	ADJ
cjrl-14166	623	20	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	623	21	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	623	22	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	623	23	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	624	1	b.	b.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	625	1	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	625	2	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	625	3	parent	parent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	625	4	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	625	5	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	625	6	twofold	twofold	ADJ
cjrl-14166	625	7	approach	approach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	625	8	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	625	9	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	625	10	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	625	11	analog	analog	NOUN
cjrl-14166	625	12	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	625	13	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	625	14	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	625	15	though	though	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	625	16	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	625	17	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	625	18	intentioned	intentione	VERB
cjrl-14166	625	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	625	20	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	625	21	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	625	22	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	625	23	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	625	24	stands	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	625	25	today	today	NOUN
cjrl-14166	625	26	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	625	27	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	625	28	flawed	flawed	ADJ
cjrl-14166	625	29	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	625	30	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	625	31	fails	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	625	32	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	625	33	live	live	VERB
cjrl-14166	625	34	up	up	ADP
cjrl-14166	625	35	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	625	36	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	625	37	promise	promise	NOUN
cjrl-14166	625	38	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	625	39	protecting	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	625	40	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	625	41	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	625	42	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	625	43	unable	unable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	625	44	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	625	45	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	625	46	themselves	themselves	PRON
cjrl-14166	625	47	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	626	1	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	626	2	hope	hope	NOUN
cjrl-14166	626	3	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	626	4	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	626	5	lost	lose	VERB
cjrl-14166	626	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	626	7	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	626	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	627	1	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	627	2	modern	modern	ADJ
cjrl-14166	627	3	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	627	4	updated	update	VERB
cjrl-14166	627	5	application	application	NOUN
cjrl-14166	627	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	627	7	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	627	8	historic	historic	ADJ
cjrl-14166	627	9	doctrine173	doctrine173	PROPN
cjrl-14166	627	10	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	627	11	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	627	12	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	627	13	much	much	ADV
cjrl-14166	627	14	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	627	15	needed	need	VERB
cjrl-14166	627	16	remedy	remedy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	627	17	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	627	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	627	19	failures	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	627	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	627	21	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	627	22	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	627	23	frameworks	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	627	24	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	627	25	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	627	26	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	627	27	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	627	28	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	627	29	involving	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	627	30	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	627	31	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	628	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	628	2	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	628	3	first	first	ADV
cjrl-14166	628	4	calls	call	VERB
cjrl-14166	628	5	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	628	6	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	628	7	limited	limited	ADJ
cjrl-14166	628	8	application	application	NOUN
cjrl-14166	628	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	628	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	628	11	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	628	12	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	628	13	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	628	14	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	628	15	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	628	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	628	17	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	628	18	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	628	19	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	628	20	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	628	21	comes	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	628	22	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	628	23	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	628	24	so	so	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	628	25	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	628	26	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	628	27	170	170	NUM
cjrl-14166	628	28	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	628	29	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	628	30	d.	d.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	628	31	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	628	32	168	168	NUM
cjrl-14166	628	33	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	628	34	citing	cite	VERB
cjrl-14166	628	35	lombard	lombard	PROPN
cjrl-14166	628	36	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	628	37	louisiana	louisiana	PROPN
cjrl-14166	628	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	629	1	373	373	NUM
cjrl-14166	629	2	u.s	u.s	PROPN
cjrl-14166	629	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	629	4	267	267	NUM
cjrl-14166	629	5	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	629	6	1963	1963	NUM
cjrl-14166	629	7	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	629	8	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	629	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	630	1	171	171	NUM
cjrl-14166	630	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	630	3	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	630	4	notes	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	630	5	121–125	121–125	NUM
cjrl-14166	630	6	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	630	7	accompanying	accompany	VERB
cjrl-14166	630	8	text	text	NOUN
cjrl-14166	630	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	631	1	172	172	NUM
cjrl-14166	631	2	joanna	joanna	PROPN
cjrl-14166	631	3	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	631	4	schwartz	schwartz	PROPN
cjrl-14166	631	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	631	6	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	631	7	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	631	8	untapped	untapped	ADJ
cjrl-14166	631	9	potential	potential	NOUN
cjrl-14166	631	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	631	11	125	125	NUM
cjrl-14166	631	12	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	631	13	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	632	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	632	2	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	632	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	633	1	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	633	2	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	633	3	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	633	4	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	633	5	discussing	discuss	VERB
cjrl-14166	633	6	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	633	7	departments	department	NOUN
cjrl-14166	633	8	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	633	9	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	633	10	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	633	11	investigate	investigate	VERB
cjrl-14166	633	12	complaints	complaint	NOUN
cjrl-14166	633	13	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	633	14	disregard	disregard	NOUN
cjrl-14166	633	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	633	16	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	633	17	uncovered	uncover	VERB
cjrl-14166	633	18	related	relate	VERB
cjrl-14166	633	19	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	633	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	633	21	complaints	complaint	NOUN
cjrl-14166	633	22	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	633	23	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	633	24	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	633	25	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	633	26	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	633	27	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	633	28	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	633	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	634	1	173	173	NUM
cjrl-14166	634	2	esther	esther	PROPN
cjrl-14166	634	3	k.	k.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	634	4	hong	hong	PROPN
cjrl-14166	634	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	634	6	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	634	7	reexamination	reexamination	NOUN
cjrl-14166	634	8	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	634	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	634	10	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	634	11	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	634	12	power	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	634	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	634	14	88	88	NUM
cjrl-14166	634	15	tenn	tenn	PROPN
cjrl-14166	634	16	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	635	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	635	2	rev	rev	AUX
cjrl-14166	635	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	635	4	277	277	NUM
cjrl-14166	635	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	635	6	333	333	NUM
cjrl-14166	635	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	635	8	2020	2020	NUM
cjrl-14166	635	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	635	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	635	11	describing	describe	VERB
cjrl-14166	635	12	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	635	13	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	635	14	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	635	15	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	635	16	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	635	17	relic	relic	NOUN
cjrl-14166	635	18	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	635	19	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	635	20	past	past	NOUN
cjrl-14166	635	21	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	635	22	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	635	23	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	636	1	1332	1332	NUM
cjrl-14166	636	2	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	636	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	637	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	637	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	637	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	637	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	638	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	638	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	638	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	639	1	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	639	2	institutions	institution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	639	3	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	639	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	639	5	like	like	ADP
cjrl-14166	639	6	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	639	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	639	8	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	639	9	subject	subject	ADJ
cjrl-14166	639	10	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	639	11	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	639	12	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	639	13	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	639	14	obligation	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	639	15	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	639	16	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	639	17	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	639	18	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	639	19	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	640	1	second	second	ADJ
cjrl-14166	640	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	640	3	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	640	4	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	640	5	suggests	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	640	6	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	640	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	640	8	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	640	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	640	10	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	640	11	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	640	12	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	640	13	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	640	14	expanded	expand	VERB
cjrl-14166	640	15	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	640	16	warrant	warrant	VERB
cjrl-14166	640	17	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	640	18	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	640	19	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	640	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	640	21	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	640	22	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	640	23	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	640	24	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	640	25	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	640	26	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	640	27	words	word	NOUN
cjrl-14166	640	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	640	29	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	640	30	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	640	31	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	640	32	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	640	33	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	640	34	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	640	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	640	36	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	640	37	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	640	38	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	640	39	create	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	640	40	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	640	41	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	640	42	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	640	43	sued	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	640	44	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	641	1	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	641	2	discussed	discuss	VERB
cjrl-14166	641	3	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	641	4	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	641	5	ii	ii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	641	6	b.1	b.1	NOUN
cjrl-14166	641	7	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	642	1	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	642	2	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	642	3	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	642	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	642	5	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	642	6	lack	lack	VERB
cjrl-14166	642	7	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	642	8	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	642	9	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	642	10	required	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	642	11	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	642	12	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	642	13	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	642	14	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	643	1	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	643	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	643	3	past	past	ADP
cjrl-14166	643	4	research	research	NOUN
cjrl-14166	643	5	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	643	6	literature	literature	NOUN
cjrl-14166	643	7	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	643	8	suggested	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	643	9	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	643	10	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	643	11	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	643	12	a]lthough	a]lthough	ADP
cjrl-14166	643	13	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	643	14	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	643	15	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	643	16	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	643	17	concern	concern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	643	18	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	643	19	standing	standing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	643	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	643	21	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	643	22	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	643	23	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	643	24	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	643	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	643	26	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	643	27	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
cjrl-14166	643	28	seems	seem	VERB
cjrl-14166	643	29	applicable	applicable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	643	30	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	643	31	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	643	32	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	643	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	644	1	”174	”174	X
cjrl-14166	644	2	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	644	3	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	644	4	just	just	ADV
cjrl-14166	644	5	as	as	ADV
cjrl-14166	644	6	interested	interested	ADJ
cjrl-14166	644	7	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	644	8	ensuring	ensure	VERB
cjrl-14166	644	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	644	10	safety	safety	NOUN
cjrl-14166	644	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	644	12	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	644	13	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	644	14	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	644	15	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	644	16	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	644	17	least	least	ADJ
cjrl-14166	644	18	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	644	19	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	644	20	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	644	21	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	644	22	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	645	1	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	645	2	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	645	3	basis	basis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	645	5	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	6	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	645	7	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	645	8	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	645	9	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	645	10	statutorily	statutorily	ADV
cjrl-14166	645	11	authorized	authorize	VERB
cjrl-14166	645	12	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	645	13	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	14	patriae.175	patriae.175	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	15	statutorily	statutorily	ADV
cjrl-14166	645	16	authorizing	authorize	VERB
cjrl-14166	645	17	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	18	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	645	19	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	645	20	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	21	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	645	22	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	23	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	24	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	645	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	645	26	limited	limited	ADJ
cjrl-14166	645	27	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	645	29	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	645	31	minors	minor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	32	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	645	33	do	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	645	34	more	more	ADJ
cjrl-14166	645	35	than	than	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	645	36	just	just	ADV
cjrl-14166	645	37	ensure	ensure	VERB
cjrl-14166	645	38	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	645	39	ability	ability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	40	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	645	41	join	join	VERB
cjrl-14166	645	42	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	645	43	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	645	44	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	45	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	645	46	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	645	47	importantly	importantly	ADV
cjrl-14166	645	48	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	645	49	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	645	50	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	645	51	generate	generate	VERB
cjrl-14166	645	52	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	645	53	obligation	obligation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	54	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	645	55	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	56	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	645	57	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
cjrl-14166	645	58	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	645	59	goals	goal	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	60	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	645	61	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	645	62	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	63	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	645	64	intervene	intervene	VERB
cjrl-14166	645	65	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	645	66	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	67	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	68	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	69	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	645	70	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	645	71	way	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	72	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	645	73	ensures	ensure	VERB
cjrl-14166	645	74	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	645	75	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	76	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	645	77	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	78	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	645	79	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	645	80	care	care	NOUN
cjrl-14166	645	81	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	646	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	646	2	recommendation	recommendation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	3	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	646	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	646	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	646	6	course	course	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	646	8	likely	likely	ADJ
cjrl-14166	646	9	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	646	10	raise	raise	VERB
cjrl-14166	646	11	concerns	concern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	646	13	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	14	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	646	15	lack	lack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	646	17	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	646	18	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	19	since	since	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	646	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	646	21	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	22	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	23	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	24	requires	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	646	25	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	646	26	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	27	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	646	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	646	29	governing	govern	VERB
cjrl-14166	646	30	body	body	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	31	has	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	646	32	independent	independent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	646	33	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	646	34	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	646	35	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	646	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	646	38	affected	affected	ADJ
cjrl-14166	646	39	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	646	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	1	particularly	particularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	647	2	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	647	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	647	4	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	647	6	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	8	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	9	arguably	arguably	ADV
cjrl-14166	647	10	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	647	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	647	12	same	same	ADJ
cjrl-14166	647	13	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	14	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	647	15	protecting	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	647	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	647	17	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	647	18	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	19	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	647	20	174	174	NUM
cjrl-14166	647	21	david	david	PROPN
cjrl-14166	647	22	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	647	23	barron	barron	PROPN
cjrl-14166	647	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	25	why	why	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	647	26	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	27	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	647	28	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	647	29	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	30	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	31	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	647	32	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	647	33	stake	stake	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	34	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	647	35	enforcing	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	647	36	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	647	37	constitution	constitution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	38	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	39	115	115	NUM
cjrl-14166	647	40	yale	yale	PROPN
cjrl-14166	647	41	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	647	42	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	647	43	2218	2218	NUM
cjrl-14166	647	44	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	45	2243	2243	NUM
cjrl-14166	647	46	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	47	2006	2006	NUM
cjrl-14166	647	48	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	49	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	50	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	647	51	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	647	52	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	53	laura	laura	PROPN
cjrl-14166	647	54	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	647	55	gavioli	gavioli	PROPN
cjrl-14166	647	56	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	57	who	who	PRON
cjrl-14166	647	58	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	647	59	pay	pay	VERB
cjrl-14166	647	60	:	:	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	61	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	62	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	647	63	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	64	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	647	65	using	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	647	66	affirmative	affirmative	ADJ
cjrl-14166	647	67	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	68	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	647	69	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	647	70	source	source	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	71	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	647	72	revenue	revenue	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	73	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	74	78	78	NUM
cjrl-14166	647	75	tul	tul	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	76	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	77	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	647	78	rev	rev	PROPN
cjrl-14166	647	79	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	647	80	941	941	NUM
cjrl-14166	647	81	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	82	959	959	NUM
cjrl-14166	647	83	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	84	2004	2004	NUM
cjrl-14166	647	85	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	86	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	87	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	88	arguably	arguably	ADV
cjrl-14166	647	89	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	90	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	647	91	city	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	92	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	647	93	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	647	94	governmental	governmental	ADJ
cjrl-14166	647	95	entity	entity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	96	has	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	647	97	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	647	98	interest	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	99	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	647	100	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	647	101	health	health	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	102	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	647	103	welfare	welfare	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	104	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	647	105	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	647	106	citizens	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	647	107	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	108	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	647	109	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	648	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	648	2	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	648	3	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	648	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	649	1	175	175	NUM
cjrl-14166	649	2	22	22	NUM
cjrl-14166	649	3	del	del	PROPN
cjrl-14166	649	4	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	649	5	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	649	6	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	649	7	802	802	NUM
cjrl-14166	649	8	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	649	9	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	649	10	every	every	DET
cjrl-14166	649	11	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	649	12	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	649	13	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	649	14	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	649	15	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	649	16	containing	contain	VERB
cjrl-14166	649	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	649	18	population	population	NOUN
cjrl-14166	649	19	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	649	20	at	at	ADV
cjrl-14166	649	21	least	least	ADJ
cjrl-14166	649	22	1,000	1,000	NUM
cjrl-14166	649	23	persons	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	649	24	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	649	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	649	26	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	650	1	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	650	2	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	650	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	650	4	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	1	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	651	2	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	651	3	assume	assume	VERB
cjrl-14166	651	4	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	651	5	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	6	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	651	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	8	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	651	9	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	651	10	constitution	constitution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	11	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	651	12	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	651	13	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	15	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	651	16	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	651	17	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	651	18	competent	competent	ADJ
cjrl-14166	651	19	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	651	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	651	21	general	general	ADJ
cjrl-14166	651	22	assembly	assembly	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	23	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	651	24	grant	grant	VERB
cjrl-14166	651	25	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	651	26	specific	specific	ADJ
cjrl-14166	651	27	enumeration	enumeration	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	28	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	651	29	which	which	PRON
cjrl-14166	651	30	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	651	31	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	651	32	denied	deny	VERB
cjrl-14166	651	33	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	651	34	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	35	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	36	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	37	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	38	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	39	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	651	40	re	re	PROPN
cjrl-14166	651	41	delaware	delaware	PROPN
cjrl-14166	651	42	public	public	PROPN
cjrl-14166	651	43	schools	schools	PROPN
cjrl-14166	651	44	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	45	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	46	239	239	NUM
cjrl-14166	651	47	a.3d	a.3d	ADP
cjrl-14166	651	48	451	451	NUM
cjrl-14166	651	49	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	50	521	521	NUM
cjrl-14166	651	51	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	52	2020	2020	NUM
cjrl-14166	651	53	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	54	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	55	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	56	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	651	57	general	general	ADJ
cjrl-14166	651	58	assembly	assembly	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	59	chose	choose	VERB
cjrl-14166	651	60	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	651	61	grant	grant	VERB
cjrl-14166	651	62	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	63	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	651	64	right	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	65	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	651	66	assume	assume	VERB
cjrl-14166	651	67	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	68	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	651	69	themselves	themselves	PRON
cjrl-14166	651	70	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	651	71	declaring	declare	VERB
cjrl-14166	651	72	themselves	themselves	PRON
cjrl-14166	651	73	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	651	74	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	651	75	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	76	home	home	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	77	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	78	cities	city	NOUN
cjrl-14166	651	79	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	80	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	81	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	82	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	651	83	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	652	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	652	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	652	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	652	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	652	7	1333	1333	NUM
cjrl-14166	652	8	physical	physical	ADJ
cjrl-14166	652	9	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	652	10	emotional	emotional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	652	11	safety	safety	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	652	14	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	15	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	16	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	652	17	care	care	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	18	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	652	19	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	652	20	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	21	does176	does176	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	22	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	652	23	this	this	PRON
cjrl-14166	652	24	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	652	25	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	652	26	enough	enough	ADJ
cjrl-14166	652	27	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	652	28	justify	justify	VERB
cjrl-14166	652	29	invoking	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	652	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	652	31	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	32	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	33	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	34	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	35	just	just	ADV
cjrl-14166	652	36	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	652	37	limited	limited	ADJ
cjrl-14166	652	38	instance	instance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	39	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	652	40	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	652	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	652	42	lack	lack	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	43	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	44	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	652	45	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	46	precludes	preclude	VERB
cjrl-14166	652	47	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	652	48	complete	complete	ADJ
cjrl-14166	652	49	expansion	expansion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	50	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	51	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	652	52	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	53	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	54	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	652	55	governments.177	governments.177	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	56	additionally	additionally	ADV
cjrl-14166	652	57	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	652	58	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	652	59	idea	idea	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	60	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	61	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	652	62	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	63	joining	join	VERB
cjrl-14166	652	64	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	65	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	652	66	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	652	67	having	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	652	68	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	652	69	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	70	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	652	71	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	652	72	unheard	unheard	ADJ
cjrl-14166	652	73	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	74	even	even	ADV
cjrl-14166	652	75	without	without	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	76	invoking	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	652	77	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	652	78	expansion	expansion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	79	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	80	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	81	patriae.178	patriae.178	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	82	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	83	authorization	authorization	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	84	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	85	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	86	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	87	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	652	88	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	652	89	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	652	90	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	91	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	652	92	simply	simply	ADV
cjrl-14166	652	93	no	no	ADV
cjrl-14166	652	94	longer	long	ADV
cjrl-14166	652	95	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	652	96	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	652	97	prove	prove	VERB
cjrl-14166	652	98	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	652	99	standing	standing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	100	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	101	participation	participation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	102	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	652	103	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	104	every	every	DET
cjrl-14166	652	105	time	time	NOUN
cjrl-14166	652	106	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	652	107	seek	seek	VERB
cjrl-14166	652	108	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	652	109	partake	partake	VERB
cjrl-14166	652	110	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	653	1	this	this	PRON
cjrl-14166	653	2	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	653	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	653	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	653	5	course	course	NOUN
cjrl-14166	653	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	653	7	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	653	8	step	step	VERB
cjrl-14166	653	9	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	653	10	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	654	1	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	654	2	detailed	detailed	ADJ
cjrl-14166	654	3	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	4	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	654	5	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	6	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	654	7	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	8	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	9	enforces	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	654	10	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	654	11	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	12	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	654	13	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	14	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	654	16	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	17	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	18	providing	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	654	19	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	654	20	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	654	21	join	join	VERB
cjrl-14166	654	22	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	23	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	24	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	654	25	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	26	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	654	27	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	654	28	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	654	29	fails	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	654	30	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	654	31	enforce	enforce	VERB
cjrl-14166	654	32	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	654	33	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	34	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	654	35	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	36	through	through	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	37	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	654	38	equally	equally	ADV
cjrl-14166	654	39	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	654	40	mechanism.179	mechanism.179	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	41	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	654	42	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	654	43	effective	effective	ADJ
cjrl-14166	654	44	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	45	protecting	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	654	46	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	47	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	48	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	49	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	50	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	654	51	hands	hand	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	52	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	53	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	54	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	55	any	any	DET
cjrl-14166	654	56	level	level	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	57	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	654	58	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	654	59	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	60	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	61	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	62	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	63	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	654	64	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	654	65	only	only	ADV
cjrl-14166	654	66	extend	extend	VERB
cjrl-14166	654	67	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	68	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	69	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	654	70	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	654	71	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	654	72	expanded	expand	VERB
cjrl-14166	654	73	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	74	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	654	75	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	654	76	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	77	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	654	78	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	79	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	654	80	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	81	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	654	82	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
cjrl-14166	654	83	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	654	84	protective	protective	ADJ
cjrl-14166	654	85	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	86	over	over	ADP
cjrl-14166	654	87	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	654	88	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	654	89	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	655	1	thus	thus	ADV
cjrl-14166	655	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	655	3	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	655	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	655	5	second	second	ADJ
cjrl-14166	655	6	part	part	NOUN
cjrl-14166	655	7	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	655	8	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	655	9	recommendation	recommendation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	655	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	655	11	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	655	12	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	655	13	must	must	AUX
cjrl-14166	655	14	come	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	655	15	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	655	16	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	655	17	standing	standing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	655	18	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	655	19	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	655	20	sued	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	655	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	656	1	first	first	ADV
cjrl-14166	656	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	656	3	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	656	4	approach	approach	NOUN
cjrl-14166	656	5	aligns	align	VERB
cjrl-14166	656	6	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	656	7	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	656	8	past	past	ADJ
cjrl-14166	656	9	reading	reading	NOUN
cjrl-14166	656	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	656	11	monell	monell	PROPN
cjrl-14166	656	12	itself	itself	PRON
cjrl-14166	656	13	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	657	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
cjrl-14166	657	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	657	3	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	657	4	south	south	PROPN
cjrl-14166	657	5	macomb	macomb	PROPN
cjrl-14166	657	6	disposal	disposal	PROPN
cjrl-14166	657	7	authority	authority	PROPN
cjrl-14166	657	8	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	657	9	washington	washington	PROPN
cjrl-14166	657	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	657	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	657	12	court	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	13	argued	argue	VERB
cjrl-14166	657	14	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	657	15	identifying	identify	VERB
cjrl-14166	657	16	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	657	17	entity	entity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	18	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	657	19	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	657	20	176	176	NUM
cjrl-14166	657	21	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	22	interests	interest	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	23	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	657	24	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	657	25	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	657	26	cited	cite	VERB
cjrl-14166	657	27	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	657	28	invoke	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	657	29	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	30	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	657	31	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	32	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	657	33	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	34	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	35	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	36	include	include	VERB
cjrl-14166	657	37	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	657	38	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	657	39	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	657	40	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	657	41	limited	limit	VERB
cjrl-14166	657	42	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	657	43	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	657	44	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	657	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	657	46	prevention	prevention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	47	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	657	48	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	49	lawlessness	lawlessness	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	50	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	657	51	official	official	ADJ
cjrl-14166	657	52	sanciton	sanciton	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	53	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	657	54	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	657	55	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	56	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	657	57	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	657	58	citizenry	citizenry	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	59	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	657	60	abusive	abusive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	657	61	practices	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	657	62	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	657	63	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	658	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	658	2	people	people	NOUN
cjrl-14166	658	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	658	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	658	5	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	658	6	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	658	7	new	new	PROPN
cjrl-14166	658	8	york	york	PROPN
cjrl-14166	658	9	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	658	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	658	11	town	town	NOUN
cjrl-14166	658	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	658	13	wallkill	wallkill	NOUN
cjrl-14166	658	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	658	15	01	01	NUM
cjrl-14166	658	16	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	658	17	civ-0364	civ-0364	NOUN
cjrl-14166	658	18	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	658	19	cm	cm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	658	20	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	658	21	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	658	22	2001	2001	NUM
cjrl-14166	658	23	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	658	24	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	659	1	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	659	2	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	659	3	invocation	invocation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	4	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	659	5	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	6	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	7	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	659	8	justify	justify	VERB
cjrl-14166	659	9	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	10	intervention	intervention	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	11	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	659	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	659	13	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	14	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	659	15	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	16	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	659	17	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	659	18	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	659	19	note	note	PROPN
cjrl-14166	659	20	60	60	NUM
cjrl-14166	659	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	659	22	177	177	NUM
cjrl-14166	659	23	moreover	moreover	ADV
cjrl-14166	659	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	659	25	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	659	26	criticism	criticism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	27	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	659	28	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	659	29	more	more	ADV
cjrl-14166	659	30	accurately	accurately	ADV
cjrl-14166	659	31	lodged	lodge	VERB
cjrl-14166	659	32	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	659	33	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	659	34	exception	exception	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	35	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	659	36	allows	allow	VERB
cjrl-14166	659	37	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	659	38	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	659	39	authorization	authorization	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	40	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	659	41	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	42	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	43	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	659	44	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	659	45	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	46	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	659	47	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	659	48	existence	existence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	49	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	659	50	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	659	51	exception	exception	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	52	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	659	53	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	659	54	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	659	55	question	question	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	56	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	659	57	so	so	ADV
cjrl-14166	659	58	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	659	59	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	659	60	all	all	DET
cjrl-14166	659	61	intents	intent	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	62	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	659	63	purposes	purpose	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	64	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	659	65	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	659	66	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	659	67	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	659	68	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	659	69	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	659	70	employed	employ	VERB
cjrl-14166	659	71	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	659	72	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	659	73	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	74	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	659	75	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	660	1	178	178	NUM
cjrl-14166	660	2	courts	court	NOUN
cjrl-14166	660	3	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	660	4	found	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	660	5	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	660	6	for	for	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	660	7	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	660	8	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	660	9	participate	participate	VERB
cjrl-14166	660	10	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	660	11	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	660	12	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	660	13	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	660	14	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	660	15	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	660	16	several	several	ADJ
cjrl-14166	660	17	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	660	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	1	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	661	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	3	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cjrl-14166	661	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	5	santiago	santiago	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	6	collazo	collazo	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	7	v.	v.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	8	franqui	franqui	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	9	acosta	acosta	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	11	1989	1989	NUM
cjrl-14166	661	12	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	13	dc	dc	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	14	puerto	puerto	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	15	rico	rico	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	16	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	17	721	721	NUM
cjrl-14166	661	18	f.supp	f.supp	ADJ
cjrl-14166	661	19	385	385	NUM
cjrl-14166	661	20	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	21	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	661	22	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	661	23	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	661	24	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	25	could	could	AUX
cjrl-14166	661	26	bring	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	661	27	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	661	28	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	29	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	661	30	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	31	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	661	32	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	661	33	challenge	challenge	VERB
cjrl-14166	661	34	funds	fund	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	35	allocation	allocation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	36	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	661	37	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	661	38	housing	housing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	39	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	661	40	community	community	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	41	development	development	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	42	act	act	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	43	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	661	44	1974	1974	NUM
cjrl-14166	661	45	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	46	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	47	pennsylvania	pennsylvania	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	48	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	661	49	brown	brown	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	50	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	51	260	260	NUM
cjrl-14166	661	52	f.supp	f.supp	ADJ
cjrl-14166	661	53	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	54	323	323	NUM
cjrl-14166	661	55	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	56	1966	1966	NUM
cjrl-14166	661	57	ed	ed	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	58	pa	pa	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	59	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	60	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	61	finding	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	661	62	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	661	63	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	661	64	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	65	had	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	661	66	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	661	67	stake	stake	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	68	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	661	69	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	661	70	case	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	71	’s	’s	PART
cjrl-14166	661	72	outcome	outcome	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	73	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	661	74	justified	justify	VERB
cjrl-14166	661	75	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	661	76	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	661	77	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	661	78	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	79	;	;	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	80	akron	akron	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	81	bd	bd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	82	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	83	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	661	84	education	education	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	85	v.	v.	ADP
cjrl-14166	661	86	state	state	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	87	bd	bd	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	88	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	89	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	661	90	education	education	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	91	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	92	490	490	NUM
cjrl-14166	661	93	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	94	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	95	1285	1285	NUM
cjrl-14166	661	96	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	97	1974	1974	NUM
cjrl-14166	661	98	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	99	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	100	holding	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	661	101	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	661	102	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	661	103	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	104	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	661	105	education	education	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	106	had	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	661	107	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	661	108	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	661	109	bring	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	661	110	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	661	111	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	661	112	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	661	113	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	114	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	661	115	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	661	116	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	117	board	board	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	118	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	661	119	education	education	NOUN
cjrl-14166	661	120	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	661	121	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	662	1	179	179	NUM
cjrl-14166	662	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	662	3	supra	supra	PROPN
cjrl-14166	662	4	part	part	PROPN
cjrl-14166	662	5	ii	ii	PROPN
cjrl-14166	662	6	b.	b.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	662	7	1334	1334	NUM
cjrl-14166	662	8	colum	colum	PROPN
cjrl-14166	662	9	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	663	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	663	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	663	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	663	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	664	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	664	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	664	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	664	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	664	5	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	664	6	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	664	7	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	664	8	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	664	9	reciprocal	reciprocal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	664	10	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	664	11	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	664	12	comes	come	VERB
cjrl-14166	664	13	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	664	14	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	664	15	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	664	16	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	664	17	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	664	18	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	664	19	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	664	20	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	664	21	sued.180	sued.180	NOUN
cjrl-14166	664	22	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	664	23	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	664	24	words	word	NOUN
cjrl-14166	664	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	664	26	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	664	27	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	664	28	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	664	29	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	664	30	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	664	31	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	664	32	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	664	33	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	664	34	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	664	35	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	664	36	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	664	37	held	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	664	38	liable	liable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	664	39	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	664	40	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	664	41	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	664	42	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	664	43	then	then	ADV
cjrl-14166	664	44	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	664	45	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	664	46	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	664	47	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	664	48	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	664	49	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	664	50	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	664	51	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	664	52	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	664	53	participate	participate	VERB
cjrl-14166	664	54	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	664	55	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	664	56	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	664	57	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	664	58	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	664	59	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	664	60	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	664	61	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	665	1	this	this	PRON
cjrl-14166	665	2	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	665	3	arguably	arguably	ADV
cjrl-14166	665	4	applicable	applicable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	665	5	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	665	6	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	665	7	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	665	8	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	665	9	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	665	10	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	665	11	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	665	12	gives	give	VERB
cjrl-14166	665	13	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	665	14	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	665	15	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	665	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	665	17	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	665	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	665	19	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	665	20	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	665	21	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	665	22	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	665	23	statutorily	statutorily	ADV
cjrl-14166	665	24	expanded	expand	VERB
cjrl-14166	665	25	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	665	26	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	665	27	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	665	28	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	665	29	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	665	30	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	665	31	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	665	32	recommends	recommend	VERB
cjrl-14166	665	33	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	665	34	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	665	35	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	665	36	participate	participate	VERB
cjrl-14166	665	37	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	665	38	litigation	litigation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	665	39	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	665	40	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	665	41	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	665	42	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	665	43	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	665	44	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	665	45	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
cjrl-14166	665	46	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	665	47	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	665	48	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	665	49	enforce	enforce	NOUN
cjrl-14166	665	50	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	665	51	standing	stand	VERB
cjrl-14166	665	52	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	665	53	partake	partake	VERB
cjrl-14166	665	54	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	665	55	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	665	56	defendant	defendant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	665	57	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	666	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
cjrl-14166	666	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	666	3	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	666	4	reading	reading	NOUN
cjrl-14166	666	5	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	666	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	666	7	term	term	NOUN
cjrl-14166	666	8	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	666	9	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	666	10	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	666	11	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	666	12	§	§	PROPN
cjrl-14166	666	13	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	666	14	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	666	15	overcome	overcome	VERB
cjrl-14166	666	16	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	666	17	barrier	barrier	NOUN
cjrl-14166	666	18	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	666	19	arise	arise	VERB
cjrl-14166	666	20	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	666	21	giving	give	VERB
cjrl-14166	666	22	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	666	23	entity	entity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	666	24	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	666	25	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	666	26	—	—	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	666	27	eleventh	eleventh	ADJ
cjrl-14166	666	28	amendment	amendment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	666	29	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	666	30	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	667	1	statutorily	statutorily	ADV
cjrl-14166	667	2	authorizing	authorize	VERB
cjrl-14166	667	3	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	667	4	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	5	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	667	6	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	667	7	status	status	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	8	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	667	9	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	10	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	667	11	rights	right	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	12	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	667	13	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	14	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	667	15	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	667	16	narrow	narrow	ADJ
cjrl-14166	667	17	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	18	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	667	19	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	20	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	21	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	667	22	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	23	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	667	24	therefore	therefore	ADV
cjrl-14166	667	25	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	667	26	should	should	AUX
cjrl-14166	667	27	create	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	667	28	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	667	29	new	new	ADJ
cjrl-14166	667	30	path	path	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	31	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	667	32	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	33	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	667	34	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	667	35	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	36	rather	rather	ADV
cjrl-14166	667	37	than	than	ADP
cjrl-14166	667	38	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	667	39	added	add	VERB
cjrl-14166	667	40	layer	layer	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	41	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	667	42	immunity	immunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	43	from	from	ADP
cjrl-14166	667	44	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	667	45	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	668	1	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	668	2	course	course	NOUN
cjrl-14166	668	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	668	4	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	668	5	reason	reason	NOUN
cjrl-14166	668	6	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	668	7	solution	solution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	668	8	may	may	AUX
cjrl-14166	668	9	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	668	10	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	668	11	been	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	668	12	considered	consider	VERB
cjrl-14166	668	13	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	668	14	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	668	15	past	past	NOUN
cjrl-14166	668	16	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	668	17	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	668	18	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	668	19	seems	seem	VERB
cjrl-14166	668	20	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	668	21	rely	rely	VERB
cjrl-14166	668	22	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	668	23	circular	circular	ADJ
cjrl-14166	668	24	logic	logic	NOUN
cjrl-14166	668	25	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	669	1	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	669	2	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	3	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	669	4	sovereign	sovereign	ADJ
cjrl-14166	669	5	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	6	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	669	7	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	8	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	9	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	669	10	have	have	VERB
cjrl-14166	669	11	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	669	12	ability	ability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	13	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	669	14	join	join	VERB
cjrl-14166	669	15	suit	suit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	16	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	669	17	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	669	18	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	669	20	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	669	21	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	669	22	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	669	23	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	24	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	25	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	669	26	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	669	27	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	28	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	29	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	669	30	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	669	31	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	32	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	669	33	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	669	34	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	669	35	intended	intend	VERB
cjrl-14166	669	36	target	target	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	669	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	669	39	lawsuit	lawsuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	40	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	669	41	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	669	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	669	43	chances	chance	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	44	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	669	45	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	669	46	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	47	suing	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	669	48	itself	itself	PRON
cjrl-14166	669	49	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	669	50	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	669	51	violations	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	52	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	669	53	most	most	ADV
cjrl-14166	669	54	likely	likely	ADJ
cjrl-14166	669	55	next	next	ADV
cjrl-14166	669	56	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	669	57	none	none	NOUN
cjrl-14166	669	58	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	669	59	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	670	1	however	however	ADV
cjrl-14166	670	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	670	3	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	670	4	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	670	5	suggests	suggest	VERB
cjrl-14166	670	6	two	two	NUM
cjrl-14166	670	7	particular	particular	ADJ
cjrl-14166	670	8	ways	way	NOUN
cjrl-14166	670	9	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	670	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	670	11	expansion	expansion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	670	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	670	13	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	670	14	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	670	15	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	670	16	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	670	17	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	670	18	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	670	19	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	670	20	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	670	21	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	670	22	used	use	VERB
cjrl-14166	670	23	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	670	24	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
cjrl-14166	670	25	finding	find	VERB
cjrl-14166	670	26	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	670	27	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	670	28	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	670	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	670	30	policing	policing	NOUN
cjrl-14166	670	31	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	670	32	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	670	33	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	670	34	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	671	1	first	first	ADV
cjrl-14166	671	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	671	3	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	671	4	individual	individual	ADJ
cjrl-14166	671	5	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	671	6	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	671	7	bring	bring	VERB
cjrl-14166	671	8	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	671	9	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	671	10	against	against	ADP
cjrl-14166	671	11	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	671	12	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	671	13	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	671	14	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	671	15	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	671	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	671	17	invoke	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	671	18	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	671	19	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	671	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	671	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	671	22	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	671	23	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	671	24	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	671	25	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	671	26	namely	namely	ADV
cjrl-14166	671	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	671	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	671	29	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	671	30	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	671	31	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	671	32	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	671	33	creates	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	671	34	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	671	35	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	671	36	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	671	37	cause	cause	NOUN
cjrl-14166	671	38	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	671	39	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	671	40	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	672	1	180	180	NUM
cjrl-14166	672	2	see	see	VERB
cjrl-14166	672	3	south	south	PROPN
cjrl-14166	672	4	macomb	macomb	PROPN
cjrl-14166	672	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	672	6	790	790	NUM
cjrl-14166	672	7	f.2d	f.2d	NOUN
cjrl-14166	672	8	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	673	1	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	673	2	502–03	502–03	NUM
cjrl-14166	673	3	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	673	4	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	673	5	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	673	6	term	term	NOUN
cjrl-14166	673	7	‘	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	673	8	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	673	9	’	'	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	673	10	appears	appear	VERB
cjrl-14166	673	11	twice	twice	ADV
cjrl-14166	673	12	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	673	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	673	14	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	673	15	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	673	16	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	673	17	relating	relate	VERB
cjrl-14166	673	18	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	673	19	proper	proper	ADJ
cjrl-14166	673	20	plaintiffs	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	673	21	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	673	22	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	673	23	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	673	24	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	673	25	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	673	26	other	other	ADJ
cjrl-14166	673	27	relating	relate	VERB
cjrl-14166	673	28	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	673	29	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	673	30	proper	proper	ADJ
cjrl-14166	673	31	defendants	defendant	NOUN
cjrl-14166	673	32	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	673	33	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	673	34	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	674	1	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	675	1	we	we	PRON
cjrl-14166	675	2	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	675	3	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	675	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	675	5	opinion	opinion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	6	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	675	7	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	675	8	light	light	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	9	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	675	10	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	675	12	it	it	PRON
cjrl-14166	675	13	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	675	14	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	675	15	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	675	16	strained	strained	ADJ
cjrl-14166	675	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	18	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	675	19	hold	hold	VERB
cjrl-14166	675	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	675	21	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	675	22	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	675	23	matter	matter	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	24	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	675	25	statutory	statutory	ADJ
cjrl-14166	675	26	construction	construction	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	675	28	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	675	29	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	675	30	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	675	31	corporation	corporation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	32	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	675	33	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	675	34	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	675	35	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	36	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	675	37	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	675	38	one	one	NUM
cjrl-14166	675	39	clause	clause	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	40	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	675	41	section	section	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	42	1983	1983	NUM
cjrl-14166	675	43	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	675	44	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	675	45	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	675	46	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	675	47	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	675	48	person	person	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	49	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	675	50	within	within	ADP
cjrl-14166	675	51	another	another	DET
cjrl-14166	675	52	clause	clause	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	53	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	675	54	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	675	55	same	same	ADJ
cjrl-14166	675	56	statute	statute	NOUN
cjrl-14166	675	57	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	675	58	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	675	59	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	675	60	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	676	1	2025	2025	NUM
cjrl-14166	676	2	]	]	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	676	3	municipium	municipium	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	4	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	676	5	absens	absen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	6	parens	paren	VERB
cjrl-14166	676	7	1335	1335	NUM
cjrl-14166	676	8	alternatively	alternatively	ADV
cjrl-14166	676	9	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	676	10	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	676	11	states	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	12	invoke	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	676	13	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	676	14	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	15	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	676	16	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	17	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	676	18	sue	sue	VERB
cjrl-14166	676	19	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	676	20	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	21	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	676	22	behalf	behalf	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	23	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	676	24	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	676	25	citizen	citizen	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	26	plaintiff	plaintiff	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	676	28	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	676	29	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	30	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	676	31	also	also	ADV
cjrl-14166	676	32	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	676	33	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	676	34	cause	cause	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	35	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	676	36	action	action	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	37	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	676	38	that	that	DET
cjrl-14166	676	39	lawsuit	lawsuit	NOUN
cjrl-14166	676	40	as	as	ADV
cjrl-14166	676	41	well	well	ADV
cjrl-14166	676	42	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	677	1	next	next	ADV
cjrl-14166	677	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	677	3	if	if	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	677	4	paired	pair	VERB
cjrl-14166	677	5	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	677	7	aforementioned	aforementioned	ADJ
cjrl-14166	677	8	recommendation	recommendation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	9	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	677	10	expand	expand	VERB
cjrl-14166	677	11	monell	monell	PRON
cjrl-14166	677	12	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	677	13	encompass	encompass	VERB
cjrl-14166	677	14	nonenforcement	nonenforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	16	policies	policy	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	17	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	677	18	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	677	19	use	use	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	20	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	21	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	677	22	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	23	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	24	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	25	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	677	26	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	677	27	further	further	ADJ
cjrl-14166	677	28	justification	justification	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	29	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	30	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	677	31	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	32	under	under	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	33	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	34	as	as	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	35	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	677	36	pattern	pattern	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	37	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	677	38	practice	practice	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	39	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	40	failing	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	677	41	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	677	42	act	act	VERB
cjrl-14166	677	43	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	44	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	45	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	46	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	47	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	48	violation	violation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	49	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	50	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	51	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	677	52	duties	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	53	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	677	54	as	as	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	677	55	evidenced	evidence	VERB
cjrl-14166	677	56	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	57	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	58	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	677	59	report	report	VERB
cjrl-14166	677	60	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	677	61	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	677	62	code	code	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	63	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	64	silence	silence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	65	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	677	66	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	677	67	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	68	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	69	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	70	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	677	71	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	677	72	meet	meet	VERB
cjrl-14166	677	73	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	677	74	requirements	requirement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	75	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	677	76	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	677	77	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	78	claim	claim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	677	79	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	678	1	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	678	2	finally	finally	ADV
cjrl-14166	678	3	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	678	4	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	678	5	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	678	6	municipality	municipality	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	7	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	678	8	statutorily	statutorily	ADV
cjrl-14166	678	9	authorized	authorize	VERB
cjrl-14166	678	10	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	678	11	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	12	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	678	13	authority	authority	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	14	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	678	15	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	16	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	678	17	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	18	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	19	involving	involve	VERB
cjrl-14166	678	20	minors	minor	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	21	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	678	22	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	678	23	expanded	expand	VERB
cjrl-14166	678	24	form	form	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	25	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	678	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	678	27	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	28	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	678	29	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
cjrl-14166	678	30	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	678	31	finding	finding	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	32	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	678	33	municipal	municipal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	678	34	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	35	outside	outside	ADP
cjrl-14166	678	36	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	678	37	either	either	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	678	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	678	39	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	40	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	41	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	678	42	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	678	43	theory	theory	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	44	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	678	45	respondeat	respondeat	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	46	superior	superior	ADJ
cjrl-14166	678	47	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	678	48	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	678	49	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	678	50	failure	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	51	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	678	52	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
cjrl-14166	678	53	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	678	54	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	55	patriae	patriae	ADJ
cjrl-14166	678	56	duty	duty	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	57	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	678	58	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	678	59	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	60	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	678	61	its	its	PRON
cjrl-14166	678	62	care	care	NOUN
cjrl-14166	678	63	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	679	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cjrl-14166	679	2	existing	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	679	3	frameworks	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	679	4	fail	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	679	5	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	679	6	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	679	7	adequate	adequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	679	8	pathways	pathway	NOUN
cjrl-14166	679	9	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	679	10	relief	relief	VERB
cjrl-14166	679	11	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	679	12	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	679	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	679	14	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	679	15	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	679	16	or	or	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	679	17	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	679	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	680	1	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	680	2	note	note	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	3	identifies	identify	VERB
cjrl-14166	680	4	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	680	5	racial	racial	ADJ
cjrl-14166	680	6	disparity	disparity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	7	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	680	8	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	680	9	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	10	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	680	11	impact	impact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	12	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	680	13	policing	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	680	14	-	-	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	680	15	based	base	VERB
cjrl-14166	680	16	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	17	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	680	18	excessive	excessive	ADJ
cjrl-14166	680	19	force	force	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	20	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	680	21	violence	violence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	680	23	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	680	24	general	general	ADJ
cjrl-14166	680	25	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	26	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	680	27	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	680	28	youth	youth	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	29	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	680	30	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	31	compared	compare	VERB
cjrl-14166	680	32	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	680	33	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	680	34	white	white	PROPN
cjrl-14166	680	35	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	36	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	680	37	exploring	explore	VERB
cjrl-14166	680	38	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	680	39	failures	failure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	40	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	680	41	existing	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	680	42	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	680	43	doctrines	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	44	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	680	45	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	680	46	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
cjrl-14166	680	47	paths	path	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	48	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	680	49	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	680	50	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	681	1	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	681	2	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	681	3	institution	institution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	4	taking	take	VERB
cjrl-14166	681	5	true	true	ADJ
cjrl-14166	681	6	accountability	accountability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	7	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	681	8	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	9	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	10	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	681	11	compensation	compensation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	12	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	681	13	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	14	is	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	681	15	unattainable	unattainable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	681	16	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	681	17	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	18	reform	reform	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	19	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	681	20	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	21	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	681	22	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	681	23	conduct	conduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	24	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	681	25	nonexistent.181	nonexistent.181	NUM
cjrl-14166	681	26	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	27	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	681	28	particularly	particularly	ADV
cjrl-14166	681	29	those	those	PRON
cjrl-14166	681	30	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	681	31	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	32	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	681	33	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	681	34	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	681	35	uniquely	uniquely	ADV
cjrl-14166	681	36	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	681	37	population	population	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	38	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	681	39	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	681	40	landscape	landscape	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	41	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	681	42	suffering	suffer	VERB
cjrl-14166	681	43	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	681	44	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	681	45	hands	hand	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	46	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	681	47	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	48	with	with	ADP
cjrl-14166	681	49	no	no	DET
cjrl-14166	681	50	adequate	adequate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	681	51	recourse	recourse	NOUN
cjrl-14166	681	52	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	682	1	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	682	2	doctrines	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	682	3	like	like	ADP
cjrl-14166	682	4	181	181	NUM
cjrl-14166	682	5	john	john	PROPN
cjrl-14166	682	6	c.	c.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	682	7	jeffries	jeffries	PROPN
cjrl-14166	682	8	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	682	9	jr	jr	PROPN
cjrl-14166	682	10	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	682	11	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	682	12	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	682	13	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	682	14	rule	rule	NOUN
cjrl-14166	682	15	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	682	16	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
cjrl-14166	682	17	torts	tort	NOUN
cjrl-14166	682	18	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	682	19	99	99	NUM
cjrl-14166	682	20	va	va	NOUN
cjrl-14166	682	21	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	683	1	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	683	2	rev	rev	AUX
cjrl-14166	683	3	.	.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	683	4	207	207	NUM
cjrl-14166	683	5	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	683	6	269–70	269–70	NUM
cjrl-14166	683	7	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	683	8	2013	2013	NUM
cjrl-14166	683	9	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	683	10	(	(	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	683	11	“	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	683	12	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	683	13	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	683	14	culture	culture	NOUN
cjrl-14166	683	15	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	683	16	law	law	NOUN
cjrl-14166	683	17	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
cjrl-14166	683	18	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	683	19	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	683	20	i	i	PRON
cjrl-14166	683	21	believe	believe	VERB
cjrl-14166	683	22	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	683	23	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	683	24	affected	affect	VERB
cjrl-14166	683	25	by	by	ADP
cjrl-14166	683	26	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	683	27	award	award	PROPN
cjrl-14166	683	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	683	29	money	money	NOUN
cjrl-14166	683	30	damages	damage	NOUN
cjrl-14166	683	31	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	683	32	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
cjrl-14166	683	33	cases	case	NOUN
cjrl-14166	683	34	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	684	1	finally	finally	ADV
cjrl-14166	684	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	684	3	at	at	ADP
cjrl-14166	684	4	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	684	5	very	very	ADV
cjrl-14166	684	6	least	least	ADJ
cjrl-14166	684	7	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	684	8	a	a	DET
cjrl-14166	684	9	judgment	judgment	NOUN
cjrl-14166	684	10	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	684	11	civil	civil	ADJ
cjrl-14166	684	12	liability	liability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	684	13	serves	serve	VERB
cjrl-14166	684	14	an	an	DET
cjrl-14166	684	15	admirable	admirable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	684	16	function	function	NOUN
cjrl-14166	684	17	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	684	18	recognizing	recognize	VERB
cjrl-14166	684	19	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	684	20	wrong	wrong	NOUN
cjrl-14166	684	21	was	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	684	22	done	do	VERB
cjrl-14166	684	23	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	684	24	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	684	25	providing	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	684	26	some	some	DET
cjrl-14166	684	27	measure	measure	NOUN
cjrl-14166	684	28	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	684	29	compensation	compensation	NOUN
cjrl-14166	684	30	to	to	ADP
cjrl-14166	684	31	victims	victim	NOUN
cjrl-14166	684	32	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	684	33	their	their	PRON
cjrl-14166	684	34	families	family	NOUN
cjrl-14166	684	35	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	684	36	”	"	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	684	37	)	)	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	684	38	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	685	1	1336	1336	NUM
cjrl-14166	685	2	colum	colum	NOUN
cjrl-14166	685	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	686	1	j.	j.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	686	2	race	race	PROPN
cjrl-14166	686	3	&	&	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	686	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cjrl-14166	687	1	[	[	X
cjrl-14166	687	2	vol	vol	NOUN
cjrl-14166	687	3	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	687	4	15:1290	15:1290	NUM
cjrl-14166	688	1	parens	parens	PROPN
cjrl-14166	688	2	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	688	3	purport	purport	NOUN
cjrl-14166	688	4	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	688	5	require	require	VERB
cjrl-14166	688	6	institutions	institution	NOUN
cjrl-14166	688	7	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	688	8	protect	protect	VERB
cjrl-14166	688	9	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	688	10	populations	population	NOUN
cjrl-14166	688	11	like	like	ADP
cjrl-14166	688	12	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	688	13	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	688	14	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	688	15	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	688	16	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	688	17	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	688	18	invoked	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	688	19	in	in	ADP
cjrl-14166	688	20	this	this	DET
cjrl-14166	688	21	context	context	NOUN
cjrl-14166	688	22	despite	despite	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	688	23	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	688	24	dire	dire	ADJ
cjrl-14166	688	25	need	need	NOUN
cjrl-14166	688	26	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	688	27	them	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	688	28	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	689	1	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
cjrl-14166	689	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	689	3	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	689	4	applicable	applicable	ADJ
cjrl-14166	689	5	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	689	6	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	689	7	fails	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	689	8	to	to	PART
cjrl-14166	689	9	consider	consider	VERB
cjrl-14166	689	10	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	689	11	particular	particular	ADJ
cjrl-14166	689	12	needs	need	NOUN
cjrl-14166	689	13	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	689	14	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	689	15	suffering	suffer	VERB
cjrl-14166	689	16	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	689	17	harm	harm	NOUN
cjrl-14166	689	18	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	690	1	effectively	effectively	ADV
cjrl-14166	690	2	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	690	3	parens	paren	NOUN
cjrl-14166	690	4	patriae	patriae	NOUN
cjrl-14166	690	5	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	690	6	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	690	7	monell	monell	NOUN
cjrl-14166	690	8	framework	framework	NOUN
cjrl-14166	690	9	have	have	AUX
cjrl-14166	690	10	become	become	VERB
cjrl-14166	690	11	tools	tool	NOUN
cjrl-14166	690	12	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	690	13	create	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	690	14	uninhibited	uninhibited	ADJ
cjrl-14166	690	15	powers	power	NOUN
cjrl-14166	690	16	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	690	17	state	state	NOUN
cjrl-14166	690	18	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	690	19	local	local	ADJ
cjrl-14166	690	20	governments	government	NOUN
cjrl-14166	690	21	but	but	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	690	22	do	do	AUX
cjrl-14166	690	23	not	not	PART
cjrl-14166	690	24	create	create	VERB
cjrl-14166	690	25	parallel	parallel	ADJ
cjrl-14166	690	26	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	690	27	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	690	28	accountability	accountability	NOUN
cjrl-14166	690	29	.	.	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	691	1	while	while	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	691	2	multiple	multiple	ADJ
cjrl-14166	691	3	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	691	4	doctrines	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	5	are	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	691	6	currently	currently	ADV
cjrl-14166	691	7	failing	fail	VERB
cjrl-14166	691	8	children	child	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	9	when	when	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	691	10	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	691	11	face	face	VERB
cjrl-14166	691	12	police	police	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	13	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	14	,	,	PUNCT
cjrl-14166	691	15	these	these	DET
cjrl-14166	691	16	same	same	ADJ
cjrl-14166	691	17	legal	legal	ADJ
cjrl-14166	691	18	doctrines	doctrine	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	19	provide	provide	VERB
cjrl-14166	691	20	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	21	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	691	22	reform	reform	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	23	that	that	PRON
cjrl-14166	691	24	would	would	AUX
cjrl-14166	691	25	reframe	reframe	VERB
cjrl-14166	691	26	existing	exist	VERB
cjrl-14166	691	27	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	28	so	so	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	691	29	that	that	SCONJ
cjrl-14166	691	30	they	they	PRON
cjrl-14166	691	31	can	can	AUX
cjrl-14166	691	32	be	be	AUX
cjrl-14166	691	33	invoked	invoke	VERB
cjrl-14166	691	34	for	for	ADP
cjrl-14166	691	35	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	691	36	protection	protection	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	37	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	691	38	juveniles	juvenile	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	39	and	and	CCONJ
cjrl-14166	691	40	address	address	VERB
cjrl-14166	691	41	the	the	DET
cjrl-14166	691	42	racialized	racialize	VERB
cjrl-14166	691	43	impact	impact	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	44	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	691	45	policing	police	VERB
cjrl-14166	691	46	on	on	ADP
cjrl-14166	691	47	young	young	ADJ
cjrl-14166	691	48	people	people	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	49	of	of	ADP
cjrl-14166	691	50	color	color	NOUN
cjrl-14166	691	51	.	.	PUNCT