# bib

id: cusj-5629
author: Gay, Micah
title: A Letter from the President
date: 2019
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 345
sentence: 14
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cusj-5629.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5629.txt
summary:
  CUSJ’s dual mission is to publish high quality student research in our journals and to promote scientific research among students and introduce students into the scientific research community. Over 30 student researchers presented their original research at our annual symposium and heard from keynote speakers on our faculty advisory board Hugh Ducklow, Gerard Parkin, Kyle Mandli, Marko Jovanovic, and Patricia Lindemann about the importance of undergraduate research.


id: cusj-5730
author: Pham, Kenneth
title: A Letter from the Editor-in-Chief
date: 2020
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 494
sentence: 23
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cusj-5730.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5730.txt
summary:
  On campus, here at Columbia University, CUSJ has vigorously continued to create and support an undergraduate research community. For example, CUSJ, in co-sponsorship with the Columbia University chapter of the American Physician Scientists Association and the Charles Drew Premedical Society at Columbia University, hosted a panel discussion with MD, PhD and MD/PhD students about graduate degrees in the sciences.


id: cusj-5720
author: Walsh, Jessica; Mann, Mary A; Fischbach, Gerald
title: The Effects of Neuregulin on Synapse Formation in Primary Muscle/Nerve Co-Cultures
date: 2007
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 283
sentence: 12
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cusj-5720.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5720.txt
summary:
  NRG1 binds to receptors on the surface of the muscle, known as erbB receptors. In order to study the effects of NRG1 on early stages of synapse formation, we prepared co-cultures of dissociated muscle cells from postnatal day 1 (P1) mice and neural tube explants from embryonic day 11 (E11) mice.


id: cusj-5571
author: Moneer, Osman; Lawson, Jacqueline; Joern, Julia; Mensah, Theresa
title: Addicted to Adderall
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 775
sentence: 39
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cusj-5571.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5571.txt
summary:
  30% of students abuse ADHD medication such as Adderall, and an estimated 81% of students believe ADHD medication is not dangerous. Intended to alleviate difficulties associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), Adderall touts a greater focus and increased alertness.


id: cusj-5590
author: Chelur, Vikas; Trifas, Maria
title: Meet Dr. Joachim Frank, Nobel Laureate
date: 2018
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 847
sentence: 47
flesch: 69
cache: cache/cusj-5590.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5590.txt
summary:
  Meet Dr. Joachim Frank, Nobel Laureate 20 Meet Dr. Joachim Frank, Nobel Laureate CUSJ 2018 ________________________________________________________________________________


id: cusj-5707
author: CUSJ Editorial Board
title: On the 2019 CUSJ Research Symposium Honorable Mentions
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 711
sentence: 38
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cusj-5707.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5707.txt
summary:
  By conducting this research, Justin hopes to create an effective, natural treatment that can inhibit proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. To combat the issue of enamel erosion, which is irreversible, she constructed a scaffold which would aid in the cellular proliferation, organization, and differentiation of primary gingival fibroblast cells in hopes that it could be used for further research in enamel regeneration.


id: cusj-5696
author: Obradovic, Aleksandar; Qi, Hongjian
title: CFHMM: Heterogeneous Tumor CNV Classification by Hidden Markov
date: 2020
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1616
sentence: 68
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cusj-5696.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5696.txt
summary:
  After 15-state classification, a posterior purity estimate for each bin where tumor state is not equal to normal state can be derived from equation 2, and this distribution can be plotted to visualize clonal fraction, as well as k-means-clustered to group mutations belonging to the same clone sub-population. Where, conversely: (2) The purity prior k for input into CFHMM is taken as the mean of values from equation 2, assuming normal state 2 and using only extreme log-ratios over the equation 1 values for pure (k=1) tumor state 3, or under the threshold for pure tumor state 1.


id: cusj-5583
author: Sun, Jonathan; Humensky, Brian; Castano, Daniel Nieto
title: Mirror Panel Edge Sensors for the Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope
date: 2020
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1788
sentence: 122
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cusj-5583.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5583.txt
summary:
  The ultimate purpose is to visualize the relationship between the environmental stresses and image intensity. A perl script was written to scour the database of images and environmental variables.


id: cusj-5585
author: Toriello, Francis
title: Cherenkov Telescope Array Mirror Alignment Report
date: 2014
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1956
sentence: 83
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cusj-5585.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5585.txt
summary:
  Since the position of the laser’s centroid was given by pixel number, it was necessary to determine the ratio of pixels to millimeters via another ROOT program described in more detail on the following pages. This problem was made most apparent after writing an OPENCV executed program that analyzed this very image and produced a histogram consisting of the amount of pixels versus the intensity values they maintain (see image below): As can be seen, there is an initial spike at zero intensity.


id: cusj-5697
author: Likhar, Shreyansh
title: Power Transformer Monitoring System
date: 2020
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1551
sentence: 99
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cusj-5697.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5697.txt
summary:
  Index Terms—Power transformer, embedded systems, transformer protection I. INTRODUCTION OWER TRANSFORMERS are the important part of power system which are used to step up and down the power to make usable for electricity consumers. Most consumer products or machinery including mobile phones, automobiles and household appliances or computersare equipped with a programmable microcontroller.[5] Fig.5- Atmel AVR pin outs 4.5 CONSERVATOR OIL LEVEL INDICATOR- 4.5.1 MAGNETIC OIL GAUGE Magnetic oil gauge is used indicate the oil level in conservator of power transformer.


id: cusj-5600
author: Symposium Participants, CUSJ
title: 2011 CUSJ Poster Symposium
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1406
sentence: 6
flesch: -177
cache: cache/cusj-5600.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5600.txt
summary:
  Poster Titles 51cusj Volume 5Spring 2011 Columbia Undergraduate Sci J http://cusj.columbia.edu SY M PO SIU M Pathogenesis-related Mutations in the T-Loops of Human Mitochondrial tRNAs Affect 3’ End Processing and tRNA Structure Dmitri Serjanov, Kyla-Gaye Pinnock, Louis Levinger Biochemistry/Biophysics Probing Aromatic Peptide Aggregation Using Spectroscopy =HSLU[PUH�:�-LSZLU��1\Z[PUH�*OPU^VUN��9\LS�+LZHTLYV��(KHT�7YVÄ[ 9HPUMHSS�WH[[LYUZ�PU�ZWLJPÄJ�YLNPVUZ�VM�(MYPJH Delroy Wills Fluorinated Solvent Processing for Organic Optoelec- tronic Applications Ilana Shimunov, Marshall Cox, Ioannis Kymissis Design of Low-Cost Thermophilic Microbial Fuel Cell for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Nathan Winkler Engineering Designing, Breadboarding, Testing, Troubleshooting, and Con- structing a Life Guard Alarm Unit John Buoncora, Dane Burkett Designing, Constructing, Programming, and Debugging an Autonomous Robot Gregory Kissoon, John Buoncora Female Energy Supply Lines: A Study of Firewood in Northern Ghana Madeline Russell Foster Water Usage and Availability in Bongo’s Communities: Re- search Leading to the Development of an Indigenous Fluoride Jessica Marie Friscia Osteoblast Precursor Cells Need the Pyrophosphate Trans- porter ANKH in Order to Sense and Respond to Mechanical Alen Trubelja, Kristen Lee, Christopher Jacobs Testing the ForTraCC model for short term forecasting of cloud movement and life cycle Xiaoqian Pan Automated Detection of GNRA Tetraloop Prevalance Using 3DNA and Python Prerana Pradhan*, Mauricio Esquerra, Wilma K. Olsen Biochemistry/Biophysics Elucidating the Interaction of LPA with Model Membranes Evan Minzter, Rivkah Rogawski* A Comparison of Methods to Collect Host-Seeking, Blood-Fed and Gravid Mosquitoes in the Surburban Landscape Lily C. Hughes*, Richard C. Falco, Thomas J. Daniels Biology Analysis of NFkB Protein Subunits inStimulated Human Mac- rophages Steven Kennedy*, Sitharam Ramaswami, Ashish P. Juvekar, Subrata Manna, Ivana Vancurova From Egg Raft to Emergence: Growth and Survival of Mosquito Larvae in Vernal Pools Jessie Lanterman*, Mike Rubbo, Rich Falco The Effect of RNAi Protein Armitage on oskar mRNA Transport and Localization in Drosophila Oocyte Linda Molla*, Joseph T. Cammarata*, Irina E. Catrina, Diana P. Bratu Analysis of Bortezomib-Induced Nuclear Protein Trans- location in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cells Hung Tran*, Ashish P. Jukevar, Sitharam Ramasswami Ashish P. Juvekar, Subrata Manna, Ivana Vancurova, Subrata Manna, Ivana Vancurova Bone Marrow Degradation: Correlations Between Lipid Oxidation and Caloric Decline Rates Lily Xie*, Robert J. Blumeschine, Karen M. Schaich Anti-Predator and Social Monitoring Functions in Blue Monkeys Kaitlyn M. Gaynor*, Marina Cords Evaluating Nest Protectors for Turtle Conservation: Unintended Consequences for the Malaclemys terrapin Shahriar Rahman* Engineering Structural Glass Shells: The Constructional and Structional Feasbility of a Hyperbolic Umbrella Gregor J. Horstmeyer*, Sigrid Adriaenssens, George Scherer Optical Observations of Thermoelectric Effects of Self-Heated Nanocrystalline Niaz Khan*, Gokhan Bakan, Ali Gokirmak, Helena Silva Electrical Properties of Methyl Based Hybrid Melting Gels Louis Gambino*, Andrei Jitianu, Lisa C. Klein Mathematical Modeling and Characterization of Coiling Peri- modiolar Mei Yi Cheung*, Jian Zhang, Nabil Simaan Pressure Distribution and Forefoot Geometry in Ballet Pointe ShoesCochlear Electrode Arrays Antonia Zaferious*, D.M. Wooton Phase-Change Oscillations and Pulse Generation in Silicon Microwaves Adam Cywar*, Gokhan Bakan, Helena Silva, Ali Gokirmak Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Calcite: Developing a Coating to Protect Marble from Damage in Acid Rain Jeffrey I. Campbell*, Sonia Naidu, George W. Scherer Targeting Nanoparticles to Macrophages Lila Cheung* 2010 SYMPOSIUM Chemistry Anticarcinogenic and Prooxidant Properties of Pomegranate Juice Extract Loriel J. Solodokin*, Audrey Canter, Ahuva Freilich, Orli Haken, Chana G. Ovits-Levy, A.G. Schuck, H. Babich Size-Controlled Growth of Selenium Nanoparticles on Self- Assembled Kinetin Nanostructures and Their Applicatior Stacey N. Barnaby*, Ipsita A. Banerjee Abscisic Acid Based Hydrogels as Drug Delivery Vectors Evan M. Smoak*, Stephen H. Frayne, Karl R. Fath, Ipsita A. Banerjee Implementation and Analysis of Passive Online Schemes for Rogue Access Point Detection in Ethernet Networks Oscar A. Perez*, Bing Wang Psychology & Neuroscience Elucidating the Toll Like Receptor Signaling Pathways of the Immune Jennifer Deluty*, Jeremy Seto, Stuart Sealfon /\THUZ�4PTPJRPUN�(UPTHSZ!�0TWSPJH[PVUZ�MVY�:WLJPLZ�:WLJPÄJ� Vocalization Processing in Human Cortex William J. Talkington, Kristina Rapuano*, Chris Frum, James W. Lewis Experiences and Challenges of Women Combining Academic Careers and Motherhood Danielle L. Auriemma*, Tovah P. Klein Subcortical Localization of Ectopic Cell Cycle Events in Five Alzheimer’s Mouse Models Luming Li*, Timmy Cheung*, Jianmin Chen, Karl Herrup Medicine & Health Services Redistribution of Muscle Mitochondria Assocaited With Verte- brate Neuromuscular Synaptogenesis Mohammad Gilani*, Joav Prives Gadolinium-Loaded Micelles as Intravascular Contrast Agent for Micro-Magnetic Resonance Angiography Lindsay K. Hill*, Karen C. Briley-Saebo, Moustafa Doudai, Asad Baig, Susan Pun, Brian J. Nieman, Daniel H. Turnbull SB-T-1214 Dramatically Downregulates Stem Cell-Related .LUL�,_WYLZZPVU�7YVÄSLZ�PU�4L[HZ[H[PJ�*VSVU�*HUJLY�*LSS Yan Leyfman*, Yuan Wang, Iwao Ojima, Galina I. Botchkina Imbibition of Gases Between Silica and Graphene Kate E. Noa*, Milton W. Cole, Angela D. Lueking Physics Performance of Different Jet Clustering Algorithms in Recon- structing Hadronic Tops David Krohn, Cristina Popa*, Liantao Wang Graduate Students Using Continuum Robots for Contact Detection and Estimation of Contact Location Andrea Bajo*, Nabil Simaan Validation and Benchmarking of Computational Fluid Dynam- Jennifer Lazaros, Erica Michelle Hasten, Alyssa Schuck, Harvey Babich Effect of VEGF on Glucose Transporter 1 during Status Epilepticus Bobby Thomas Effect of Carnitine on Brain Cell Survival Jose Zhagnay, Maria L Cotrina Effect of L-Carnitine on Breast Cancer Cell Migration Adam McConnell, Maria L Cotrina, Regina Sullivan Analysis of Bortezomib-Induced Nuclear Translocation of IkBa In Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells Subrata Manna, Adeel Zubair, Ivana Vancurova The Effect of HIF2 alpha on Cell Growth and Cell Survival Cathy Meng Hao, Yatrik Shah Chemistry Density Function Theory Study on the Reaction of Deprotonated Tyro- sine [Tyr-H]- with Singlet Molecular Oxygen Kallol Mitra Heavy Metals in Golf Balls by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectropho- tometry Andre Hugh Smithson Reactivity of Tris (trimethylsilyl) Phosphite in the Synthesis of the N- Mustard Bisphosphonic Acid of Bicine and Phenylalanine Luis Vargas, Marjorie Morales, Kevin Chavez Determination of Copper Content of the US Penny by X-Ray Fluores- cence, Visible Spectroscopy and Gravimetric Method Sharda Jagdeo Concentration Dependence of Refractive Index Measured by a Laser Pointer: Refractive Index vs. Concentration Rebecca Cho Determination and Applications of the Van ‘t Hoff factor Using Microscale Freezing Point Determination Measurements Fathima Nazmudeen, Paris Svoronos, Mario Balducci, Pedro Irigoyen An unusual porous and spherical micro-scale morphology for poly(o-toluidine) Daniel LaFaurie, David M. Sarno 5HUVÄILYZ�JV�WVS`TLYPaLK�MYVT�HUPSPUL�HUK�Z\SMVUH[LK�HUPSPUL� for electrostatic interaction with gold nanoparticles Engred Vanegas, David M. Sarno The Probing Zinc- Tetracycline


id: cusj-6365
author: Yang, Helen; Lewis, Briley; Seetharaman, Abhinav
title: Our Future in the Stars
date: 2022
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 863
sentence: 34
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cusj-6365.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6365.txt
summary:
  As our society has look into our future in space, we have expanded our ideas, including plans to construct space colonies –stations with Earth-like features that function as permanent settlements. Expected to meet the constantly growing needs of human space exploration programs, Orion may eventually carry astronauts to worlds far beyond Earth’s orbit which no man has ever seen or set foot on.


id: cusj-5721
author: Bader, Andrew R; Lim, Douglas; MacLaughlinn, David
title: Differentiation of Two Species of MUllerian Inhibitory Substance (MIS)
date: 2007
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 170
sentence: 6
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cusj-5721.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5721.txt
summary:
  Microsoft Word - Document3 ARTICLEVOLUME 2, SPRING 2007 Differentiation of Two Species of MUllerian Inhibitory Substance (MIS) Andrew R Bader1, Douglas Lim2, David MacLaughlin3 1 Columbia College, Columbia University, 2 Clarkson University, 3 Pediatric Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Abstract Muellerian inhibiting substance (MIS), also known as Anti-Muellerian hormone, is a testicular protein responsible for the regression of the MUllerian duct. The results of these investigations reveal the existence of two distinct types of MIS differentiated by ELISA which based on future study may have different impacts as cancer treatment agents.


id: cusj-5570
author: Ghani, Naureen; Yuste, Rafael
title: Classification of Neocortical Neurons Using Affinity Propagation
date: 2014
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4426
sentence: 259
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cusj-5570.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5570.txt
summary:
  Affinity propagation classification of interneuron physiologies The analysis of the physiology database revealed 3 distinct clusters (Figure 2). Affinity propagation classification of interneuron joint databases The analysis of the interneuron joint database resulted in 2 clusters (Figure 3).


id: cusj-5580
author: Cheung, Justin M; Hofflich, Jessica; Henriquez, Pablo; Huang, Jian; Jami, Nafiul
date: 2019
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4926
sentence: 224
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cusj-5580.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5580.txt
title:
  Designing an Industrially Scalable, Flow-Based Synthesis for the Production of Nilotinib: Chemical Process Modeling and Economic Analysis

summary:
  Although this process chemistry for nilotinib synthesis is currently in use for its commercial production, there are four distinct drawbacks of Novartis’s currently patented method. The five known paths for nilotinib synthesis were compiled and are outlined in Table 1.


id: cusj-5581
author: Hamilton, Andrew
date: 2012
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2723
sentence: 128
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cusj-5581.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5581.txt
title:
  Low-Level Visual Processing Allows Humans to React to Animate Objects: Binding Memory as a Key Subsystem of Biological Motion Detection

summary:
  Binding memory is an indispensable part of biological motion detection. is is a limit of human binding memory: subjects’ performance in object-recall tasks depend on the number features the objects have. E!ects of old age and disease on binding memory Recent studies have also explored the e$ects of old age and diseases such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia on binding memory.


id: cusj-5592
author: Kim, Samuel; Sakamoto, Masayuki; Yuste, Rafael
title: Optical Characterization of Potential Dampening in Dendritic Spine Electrophysiology
date: 2016
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5157
sentence: 214
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cusj-5592.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5592.txt
summary:
  The mean ΔF/F STA with standard deviation (%) of shaft vs. spine in ArcLight voltage imaging of a total of 6 shaft-spine pairs, for the short pulse (20msec) current injection protocol. A subsequent, more general characterization of Arch using voltage clamp and voltage step manipulations with QuasAr1 at different laser intensities indicates that QuasAr1 shows large changes in fluorescence at much weaker laser intensities (~10 mW) than was used for aforementioned current injection voltage imaging (~110 mW).


id: cusj-5591
author: Tsankova, Nadejda; Basri, Noah
date: 2016
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3022
sentence: 204
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cusj-5591.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5591.txt
title:
  Characterizing Intracellular Localization and Chromatin Remodeling Role of CHD6 in Human Fetal Development and in Glioblastoma

summary:
  CHD6 ChIP showed partial enrichment at the promoter of EGFR, one gene of possible significance to glioblastoma2, in fetal and glioblastoma tissues, relative to a presumed positive control locus where CHD6 has been previously demonstrate to bind8. Thank you to Dr. Walsh for collaborating on the experimental design, providing the CHD6 antibody and reporting ZIC1 as a positive control for CHD6 ChIP. REFERENCES


id: cusj-5586
author: Chester, Daniel
title: GEM Cell Line Establishment, Characterization, and Analysis
date: 2013
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2823
sentence: 133
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cusj-5586.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5586.txt
summary:
  However, there are several additional reasons to develop mouse cell lines. This project is part of a larger one aimed at evaluating drugs targeting the androgen receptor signaling pathways that are often used by prostate cancer cells as positive feedback loops promoting their growth and metastasis


id: cusj-6413
author: Mohabir, Jason
title: Letter from the President
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 306
sentence: 16
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cusj-6413.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6413.txt
summary:
  Dear Readers, Founded in 2006, the Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal was created by a team of graduate students who wanted to provide a collegiate platform for undergraduates to publish their scholarship and to educate students about the academic publication process. The Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal editorial board is proud to present the 14th annual Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal.


id: cusj-5588
author: Gu, Katie
title: Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders: Towards Detailed Pathophysiology and Precision Medicine
date: 2018
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5577
sentence: 287
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cusj-5588.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5588.txt
summary:
  Within the context of the two main developing therapies examined, gene and stem cell therapy, specific focuses for research are suggested. Though the complete causes of AD and PD have not been fully characterised, neurofibrillary tangles, -amyloid plaques, decreased synaptic function, and cortical atrophy observed in AD and the loss of dopaminergic neurons characteristic of PD can be addressed by gene therapy and stem cell-based therapies.


id: cusj-6362
author: Jhajj, Gaganpreet; Farinas, Mark
title: Current Methods and Future Research in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
date: 2022
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3804
sentence: 196
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cusj-6362.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6362.txt
summary:
  Potential benchtop tests involving ThT and its binding interactions with amyloid could be developed in the near future using detection methods similar to the RT-QuIC detection method. Innovations in any of these areas would greatly increase AD diagnosis and treatment.


id: cusj-5652
author: Lewis, Briley; Oppenheimer, Rebecca
title: Direct Imaging of Exoplanets with Project 1640
date: 2017
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7475
sentence: 291
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cusj-5652.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5652.txt
summary:
  Despite these challenges, it is possible to image exoplanets, and even to extract their spectra to better understand their composition. In order to image exoplanets, Project 1640 employs several techniques to overcome the difficulties described in §1.1.


id: cusj-6361
author: Kolba, Natalie; Moneer, Osman
title: A Letter from the Editorial Board
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 405
sentence: 19
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cusj-6361.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6361.txt
summary:
  In the Fall, the CUSJ hosted an event to assist undergraduate students in the process of soliciting a research position. After making changes to the previous Columbia Research Scholars Journal to better reflect the mission of the journal, we were proud to publish many of the incredible submissions sent in from high schoolers from around the United States, and invite several of them to our annual Spring Symposium.


id: cusj-5710
author: Shutran, Max; Prywes, Ron
title: Identifying serum-inducible sequence elements on the mouse ZFP36 promoter
date: 2011
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3364
sentence: 197
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cusj-5710.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5710.txt
summary:
  Undergraduate Sci J http://cusj.columbia.edu N EU RO SC IE N C E cusjcolumbia undergraduate science journalResearch Articles 21cusj Volume 5Spring 2011 Columbia Undergraduate Sci J http://cusj.columbia.edu M O LEC U LA R BIO LO G Y Identifying serum-inducible sequence elements on the mouse ZFP36 promoter Max Shutran1,*, Ron Prywes 2,* 1Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02110, 2Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 APUJ�ÄUNLY�WYV[LPU�����A-7����PZ�HU�95(�IPUKPUN�WYV[LPU�[OH[�KV^UYLN\SH[LZ�[OL�[YHUZSH[PVU�VM�JLY[HPU�NLUL�WYVK\J[Z�I`� inducing the degradation of mRNA. At the appro- � Figure 1 9LZ\S[Z�MYVT�X7*9�MVY�J�MVZ��TPN���HUK�A-7����PU�/L3H�JLSSZ� � Figure 2 .YHWO�PSS\Z[YH[PUN�[OL�PUK\J[PVU�VM�LHJO�YLWVY[LY�NLUL�I`�ZLY\T��;OL�YH^�KH[H�JVUZPZ[LK�VM�K\WSPJH[L�WHPYZ�VM������HUK�����ZLY\T�JVUKP- [PVUZ��NP]LU�HZ�YH[PVZ�VM�3(9�[V�:.�S\TPULZJLUJL��;OL�]HS\LZ�^LYL�JHSJ\SH[LK�I`�UVYTHSPaPUN�LHJO�KH[H�ZL[�[V�VUL�VM�[OL������YH[PVZ��[OLU� H]LYHNPUN�[VNL[OLY�[OL�K\WSPJH[LZ�HUK��PM�H]HPSHISL��V[OLY�KH[H�ZL[Z�MYVT�KPMMLYLU[�KH[LZ��5V�ZPNUPÄJHU[�ZLY\T�PUK\J[PVU�PZ�ZLLU��L_JLW[�PU�[OL� A-7������JVUKP[PVU��^OPJO�\ZLK�93�;2�PU�WSHJL�VM�93�:=���HZ�[OL�YLUPSSH�WSHZTPK� Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal Open-Access Publication | http://cusj.columbia.com 24 cusjVolume 5Spring 2011 Columbia


id: cusj-6366
author: Kim, Katherine; Streid, David
title: The Genetics of Human Behavior
date: 2022
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 874
sentence: 40
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cusj-6366.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6366.txt
summary:
  CUSJ%|%Volume%9%|%Spring%2015% 7% The Genetics of Human Behavior Katherine Kim1 & David Streid2 1Department of Biochemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 2Department of Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Behavioral disorders arise from environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Anxiety disorders are the most common form of mental illness in the U.S., affecting 18% of the total population.


id: cusj-5639
author: Jung, Jaehoon
title: Agent Based Trading Model of Heterogeneous & Changing Beliefs
date: 2020
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3342
sentence: 161
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cusj-5639.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5639.txt
summary:
  When agent 1 pushes the price up from S to K + PK, wealth of agent k, (F, will increase by d(F = JFPK. The simulated stock price seems to become more volatile as heterogeneity across agent beliefs increases with the dispersion in reaction to news information accumulating over time.


id: cusj-5576
author: Bansal, Sonia; Brown, Genevieve N.; Guo, X. Edward
date: 2012
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4484
sentence: 244
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cusj-5576.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5576.txt
title:
  The Verification of a Novel Explant System Used to Determine the Role of Osteocytes in the Breast Cancer Vicious Cycle

summary:
  [Adapted from Chan, ME, Lu, XL, Huo, B, Baik, AD, Chiang, V, HW�DO����������$�7UDEHFXODU�%RQH�([SODQW�0RGHO�RI�2VWHRF\WH� 2VWHREODVW�&R�&XOWXUH�IRU�%RQH�@ % ,2 ( 1 * ,1 ( ( 5 ,1 * Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (Pen-Strep). This activates more osteoclasts, which degrades bone, releasing 7*)²ȕ��FRPSOHWLQJ�D�SRVLWLYH�IHHGEDFN�ORRS� [Adapted from Steeg PS, Theodorescu D, Nat Clin 3UDFW�2QFRO�����@ Figure 3&RQIRFDO�LPDJLQJ�RI�0'$�0%����*)3�FXOWXUHG�LQ�RQ�D�ERQH� core.


id: cusj-5649
author: Bhaiwala, Zahra; Marshall, Christine
title: Poliovirus Receptor CD155 Over-Expression Effect on Migration in C6 Glioma Cells
date: 2011
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6090
sentence: 257
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cusj-5649.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5649.txt
summary:
  In the beginning phase of experimentation, we analyzed the migratory behavior of control C6 gliomas through two rounds of [YHUZÄS[LY�HZZH`Z��0U�VYKLY�[V�L_WSVYL�[OL�M\UJ[PVU�VM�*+����PU�NSPVTH�TPNYH[PVU��^L�[OLU�JVUK\J[LK�[^V�V]LY�L_WYLZZPVU� experiments with the use of a full-length cDNA expression vector and compared the resulting migration rates to control KH[H��>L�MV\UK�[OH[�HU�H]LYHNL�VM��������JVU[YVS�JLSSZ�JYVZZ�V\Y�[YHUZÄS[LYZ�HM[LY�����OV\YZ��HUK�HU�H]LYHNL�VM�������JLSSZ� [YHUZMLJ[LK�^P[O�[OL�7=9�L_WYLZZPVU�]LJ[VY��6\Y�YLZ\S[Z�YLÅLJ[LK�H�������PUJYLHZL�PU�JLSS�TPNYH[PVU�K\L�[V�HU�PUJYLHZLK� WYLZLUJL�VM�[OL�WYV[LPU�*+�����0U�VYKLY�[V�JVUÄYT�[OH[�*+����^HZ�L_WYLZZLK�PU�[OL�YH[�*�Z��^L�Z\IZLX\LU[S`�JVUK\J[LK� two Western Blots: one comparing control C6s and transfected C6s, and the other running control C6s next to a human U87 glioma control cell line. One of these adaptations is in how glioma cells use myosin II, the major source of cytoplasmic contractile force (Gillespie, 1999).


id: cusj-5634
author: Alston, Aubrey
title: Polynomial-time Matrix-based Method of Determining Subset Sum Solutions
date: 2015
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2483
sentence: 71
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cusj-5634.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5634.txt
summary:
  To represent the solution space of Z(A’, t, 3, vr, 4, vs), the outlined algorithm follows the convention of expressing solution space with respect to a particular solution of the system and any linear combination of the null space of the multiplier of Z(A’, t, 3, vr, 4, vs). ! (3) In all other cases, S of length t >5 of A exists if and only if there exists a window configuration and membership assignment t1, t2, vr, vs such that there exists a set I, length t’ = t - t1 - t2 - vr - vs satisfying D3,Ij <1 and ΣD1,Ij= ΣD2,Ij = 1 for all j in the range of the length of I. Suppose that such a window exists.


id: cusj-8370
author: Leite, Isabella
title: Columbia Spring Research Symposium 2021
date: 2021
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 961
sentence: 40
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cusj-8370.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-8370.txt
summary:
  63 Third Place: Probing the Statistical Relationship Between Binary Black Hole Mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei Hosts by Amanda Beck About the Author: My name is Amanda Beck, and I am a Brazilian Junior at Columbia University, Columbia College, majoring in Astrophysics. First Place: Can we use next-generation gravitational wave detectors for terrestrial precision measurements of Shapiro time delay? by Andrew Sullivan Abstract: Shapiro time delay is an effect predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity where- by the travel time of light is delayed as light passes by massive objects.


id: cusj-6363
author: Ballinger, Sean
title: A Letter from the Editor-in-Chief
date: 2022
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 316
sentence: 15
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cusj-6363.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6363.txt
summary:
  I am confident that next year’s board will uphold our rigorous review standards and successfully take on new ventures in our mission to bring science to the public. This year’s edition of the CUSJ includes four papers from Columbia University undergraduates in the areas of biomedicine and computational genomics.


id: cusj-8355
author: Leite, Isabella
title: Letter from the Editor-in-Chief
date: 2021
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 347
sentence: 14
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cusj-8355.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-8355.txt
summary:
  Sincerely, Isabella Leite Editor-in-Chief Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal 3 This includes but is not limited to the CUSJ editorial board, the CUSJ editorial committee, our Faculty Advisory Board, our advisors at Columbia Libraries, our peer reviewers, research mentors, and all students who submitted their work.


id: cusj-5645
author: Mendonca, Danielle; Aoki, Chiye; Varela, Katherine; Chen, Yi-Wen
date: 2018
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8424
sentence: 401
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cusj-5645.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5645.txt
title:
  Changes in NR2B-NMDA Receptor Expression Relate to Individual Differences in Adaptability to Food Restriction-Stress

summary:
  The findings suggest higher levels of post-ES NR2B levels make ABA animals less susceptible to hyperactivity during ABA2, even when anticipating food. We found that ABA2 animals had more NR2B-labeling in presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic cytoplasm than controls.


id: cusj-6364
author: Patnaik, Ritish
title: A Letter from the Editor-in-Chief
date: 2022
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 349
sentence: 16
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cusj-6364.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6364.txt
summary:
  Looking at this year’s journal, I am also proud to see the various authors and research that we have been blessed to exhibit. We are thrilled to provide these fresh perspectives on scientific research to our audience and hope to continue this practice in future journals.


id: cusj-6359
author: Agrawal, Ankur; Hamling, Tim
title: Sentiment Analysis of Tweets to Gain Insights into the 2016 US Election
date: 2021
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7540
sentence: 322
flesch: 66
cache: cache/cusj-6359.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6359.txt
summary:
  Trump Tweets % Pos (Trump) % Neg (Trump) Total 2810051 39.6% 45.7% 4044162 43.2% 42.2% We counted tweets that had a score above 0.0 as positive tweets, tweets that had a score below 0.0 to be negative tweets, and tweet with a score of 0.0 as a neutral tweets.


id: cusj-5564
author: Mann, Matthew
title: Graphite Based Semi-Conductive 3D Printing Filament
date: 2019
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3065
sentence: 223
flesch: 69
cache: cache/cusj-5564.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5564.txt
summary:
  Conductive graphite filament sample. However, the attributes of the filament might not make a suitable replacement for conductive filament.


id: cusj-12394
author: Li, Darwin
title: Ascending Arousal Network Connectivity in Disorders of Consciousness: A Diffusion MRI Study
date: 2025
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4034
sentence: 194
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cusj-12394.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-12394.txt
summary:
  RESULTS To visualize AAN connectivity between controls and chronic DoC patients, we generated normalized tract plots of streamlines passing between all subcortical AAN structures. The box plots for the hypothalamus and thalamus show a notably lower median tract count in chronic DoC patients compared to controls, with the median line of the DoC group visibly closer to the first quartile than the third.


id: cusj-6371
author: Xu, Kevin; Weseley, Allyson
date: 2022
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6204
sentence: 268
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cusj-6371.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6371.txt
title:
  Relationships between Oncologist Gender, Participatory Decision Making, Anxiety and Breast Cancer Care

summary:
  37 51 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Male Female Oncologist Gender S ta n d a r d C a r e R a te ( % ) Figure 1 (�Z[H[PZ[PJHSS`�ZPNUPÄJHU[�KPMMLYLUJL�^HZ�MV\UK�IL[^LLU�[OL���VM�MLTHSL�VUJVSVNPZ[Z»�WH[PLU[Z��� ����������^OV�YLJLP]LK�HKQ\]HU[� [OLYHW`�HUK�[OL���VM�THSL�VUJVSVNPZ[Z»�WH[PLU[Z�YLJLP]LK�HKQ\]HU[�[YLH[TLU[���������������_õ� ���$�������W�#���� 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 PDM A n x ie ty Figure 2 /PNOLY�WHY[PJPWH[VY`�KLJPZPVU�THRPUN�^HZ�MV\UK�[V�IL�ZPNUPÄJHU[S`�JVYYLSH[LK�^P[O�SV^LY�SL]LSZ�VM�HU_PL[ �̀�Y�$��������W�#����� Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal Open-Access Publication | http://cusj.columbia.com 30 cusjVolume 5Spring 2011 Columbia Undergraduate Sci J http://cusj.columbia.edu O N CO LO G Y cusjcolumbia undergraduate science journalResearch Articles 31cusj Volume 5Spring 2011 Columbia Undergraduate Sci J http://cusj.columbia.edu O N CO LO G Y Relationship of Oncologist Gender to Adjuvant Treatment As seen in Table 1, 47 of all 105 participating breast cancer patients received adjuvant treatment (lumpectomy followed by either radiotherapy or chemotherapy). No Standard Care A n x ie t y Figure 6 7H[PLU[Z�^OV�YLJLP]LK�HKQ\]HU[�[YLH[TLU[�OHK�THYNPUHSS`�SV^LY�SL]LSZ�VM�HU_PL[`��4�$�������[OHU�WHY[PJPWHU[Z�^OV�KPK�UV[�YLJLP]L�HKQ\- ]HU[�[YLH[TLU[��4�$��������[������$�������W�$��� � Conclusion References O N CO LO G Y Low energy surface acoustic waves (SAW) have been shown to reduce bio!lm formation on urinary catheters in rabbits (Hazan et al., 2006).


id: cusj-12935
author: Kudinoor, Arjun
title: Letter from the President
date: 2024
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 324
sentence: 17
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cusj-12935.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-12935.txt
summary:
  I am grate- ful to our Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal team and editorial board for their significant contributions to our scientific review process. Arjun Kudinoor President, Chief Editorial Officer Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal


id: cusj-6409
author: Tjo, Hansen; Zervoudis, Nicholas; Obermeyer, Allie
title: Protein-Polymer Complex Coacervates as Synthetic Membrane-less Organelles
date: 2020
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4199
sentence: 188
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cusj-6409.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6409.txt
summary:
  [9] R. A. Kapelner, A.C. Obermeyer, Ionic polypeptide tags for protein phase separation. For the GOx-PEI system, no form of phase separation was observed at all salt concentrations.


id: cusj-5637
author: Wang, Christine; Dovas, Athanassios; Amendolara, Benjamin; Canoll, Peter
title: The Effect of Fasudil on Glioma Cell Migration
date: 2014
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3504
sentence: 189
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cusj-5637.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5637.txt
summary:
  However, residual cell motility and phosphorylation despite treatment with fasudil also suggest that more work must be done to assess the importance of other pathways in glioma cell migration. In order to test the motility of untreated and treated cells and confirm fasudil would inhibit glioma cell migration to a significant degree, Transwell Migration Assays (TMA) were the assay of choice.


id: cusj-5565
author: Tchaconas, Alexis; Chalfie, Martin
title: Identifying Factors that Control Mechanoreceptor Neuron Development in C. elegans
date: 2012
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5023
sentence: 221
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cusj-5565.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5565.txt
summary:
  In C. elegans, mechanoreceptor neurons (MRNs) detect touch, with three types that require the gene mec-3 (one of the LIM-homeodomain transcription factors) for their proper differentiation: touch receptor neurons (TRNs) (gentle touch), FLP QHXURQV��WLS�RI�WKH�KHDG�WRXFK��DQG�39'�QHXURQV��KDUVK�WRXFK���:KLOH�WKHVH�WKUHH�051V�GLIIHUHQWLDWH�E\�WKH�VDPH�WUDQVFULSWLRQ�IDFWRU�� each cell type’s differentiation produces distinct morphology and express different genes. Using the explant system, a custom cell seeder and sterile cell culture techniques, we introduced metastatic MDA-MB-231/ *)3�FHOOV�WR�D�WKUHH�GLPHQVLRQDO�ERQH�PDWUL[�ZLWK�RVWHRF\WHV�RQO\��&RQIRFDO�LPDJLQJ�FRQ¿UPV�WKDW�EUHDVW�FDQFHU�FHOOV�ZHUH��LQ�IDFW�� successfully seeded onto bone cores, mimicking metastasis.


id: cusj-6368
author: Tchaconas, Alexis
title: The Evolving Role and Nature of Gene Mutations in the Neuropathology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
date: 2022
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5226
sentence: 236
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cusj-6368.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6368.txt
summary:
  De novo gene mutations and copy number variations Most known mutations without an identified genetic etiology attributed to ASDs are de novo gene mutations: rare genetic variations that are found in neither of the individual’s parents. In the coming years, it will also be crucial to determine whether de novo gene mutations versus inherited gene mutations implicated in ASD etiology induce identical or distinct brain pathologies.


id: cusj-6411
author: Parsley, Julia
title: Letter from the Editor-in-Chief
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 374
sentence: 14
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cusj-6411.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6411.txt
summary:
  Volume 14 of CUSJ is diverse in scientific fields represented, ranging from biochemistry and the development of enzymatic nanoreactors for industrial synthesis, to the social science of shame in teens. Since our very first volume in 2006, it has been the mission of CUSJ to provide an accessible and professional, open access platform for undergraduates to communicate their research advances in various scientific fields.


id: cusj-8356
author: Rao, Arya
title: Letter from the President
date: 2021
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 413
sentence: 17
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cusj-8356.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-8356.txt
summary:
  As one of the first undergraduate peer-reviewed scientific journals, we paved the way many years ago for the cre- ation of scientific publications at other universities. I would like to specifically commend the authors published in our 15th edition, who have demonstrated an admirable commitment to scientific achievement and collaboration in this unusual time.


id: cusj-7788
author: Obikili, Mary-Benedicta
title: The Effects of APOBEC3G's Cytidine Deaminase Activity on Retroviral Evolution
date: 2021
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3673
sentence: 189
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cusj-7788.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-7788.txt
summary:
  Although APOBEC3 proteins help inhibit viral infection through their cytidine deaminase activity, A3D, A3F, A3G, and A3H may also play a role in viral evolution, where viruses such as HIV gain beneficial mutations that enable them to overcome the antiviral activity of A3 proteins Vif has two motifs that bind to A3 proteins: DRMR which binds to and degrades A3F and A3D, and the other motif, YRHHY, which binds to A3G, leading to its degradation [5].


id: cusj-5647
author: Johri, Ansh; Hsu, Lewis
title: CT Based Semi-Automated Method for Pneumonia Severity in Mice
date: 2011
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5115
sentence: 225
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cusj-5647.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5647.txt
summary:
  References Comparison Groups P-value from t-test of percent lung by Semi-Automated Segmentation in material H P-value from t-test of Radiologists scores Saline vs. Bacteria 0.001 0.004 Pneumonia Survivors vs. Pneumonia Deaths 0.039 0.581 All Survivor vs. Bacterial Deaths 0.001 0.058 Table 4 *VTWHYPZVU�VM�4PJYV*;�X\HU[PÄJH[PVU�I`�4H[LYPHS�/�[V�X\HSPÄJH[PVU�I`�YHKPVSVNPZ[Z���(�JVTWHYPZVU�VM�[OL�HIPSP[`�VM�[OL�ZLTP�H\[VTH[LK�TL[OVK�[V�[LSS�NYV\WZ�HWHY[�]LYZ\Z� radiologist ability. Survivors 0.032 0.00 7 0.01 0 0.44 8 0.04 3 0.03 1 0.00 9 0.00 1 0.058 Table 3 7�]HS\L�+PZ[YPI\[PVU�MVY�LHJO�4H[LYPHS��HZ�JHSJ\SH[LK�I`�[�[LZ[�*VTWHYPZVU���:[H[PZ[PJHSS`�ZPNUPÄJHU[�HIPSP[`�MVY�TH[LYPHS�/�[V�KPZ[PUN\PZO�IL[^LLU�:HSPUL�]Z��(SS�7UL\- monia, Pneumonia Survivors vs. Pneumonia Non-Survivors, and All Suvivors vs. Pneumonia Non-Suvivors.


id: cusj-6410
author: Putnam, Olivia; Lake, Keely
title: I’m Upset, not Ashamed: An Investigation into Adolescent Shame Acknowledgement
date: 2020
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4476
sentence: 205
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cusj-6410.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6410.txt
summary:
  A paired t-test comparing aver- age ISS shame and PANAS shame affirmed this underre- porting phenomenon in individuals, with nearly 74 per- cent of participants reporting lower self-rated PANAS shame than “true” ISS shame. Shame is a powerful and acutely painful “master emotion” that is strongly correlated with maladaptive behav- iors and a host of psychological symptoms.


id: cusj-10616
author: Yuan, Melinda; Robbins, Jocelyn
title: Inside the Nucleon: Tomographic Interpretations and Universality of GPDs with DDVCS
date: 2024
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2603
sentence: 145
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cusj-10616.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-10616.txt
summary:
  al. 38 After generating the simulated and weighted DDVCS events, we analyzed the data to bet- ter understand how the experimental kine- matics variables relate to each other. al. 37 METHODS In order to simulate DDVCS collisions, we used the event generator DEEPGen, devel- oped by Dr. Marie Boër.


id: cusj-6367
author: Mondragon, Eli; Yoshida, Kyoko; Meyers, Kristen
title: Characterizing the Biomechanical and Biochemical Properties of Mouse Uterine Tissue
date: 2022
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4309
sentence: 254
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cusj-6367.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6367.txt
summary:
  The hydration levels for both Antrxr2 +/+ and Antxr2 -/- mice uterine samples were 76 ± 11% and 75 ± 10%.   Lastly, mechanical testing proved that Antxr2 -/- uterine tissue is mechanically stronger than Antxr2 +/+ (peak stress 0.078 MPa and 0.04 MPa).


id: cusj-6369
date: 2022
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3784
sentence: 155
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cusj-6369.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6369.txt
author:
  Sorrento, Cristina; Rayport, Stephen; Mihali, Andra; Subramani, Shreya; MacDonald, Joanne; Katz, Francine; Katz, Francine

title:
  Identification of Inhibitors of Phosphate-activated Glutaminase for the Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia

summary:
  �2�ZDV�QRW�WHVWHG�RQ����������� of which is the Cheng-Pruso& equation: Ki= IC50/(1+[S]/KM ) IC��� values are displayed in the table to the right Figure 3 $�VFKHPDWLF�GLDJUDP�RXWOLQLQJ�WKH�VFUHHQLQJ�SURFHVV�IRU�WKH�VHOHFWLRQ�RI�3$*�VSHFL¿F�LQKLELWRUV P S Y C H IATR Y Trial 1 2 3 4 Average ± SE IC50 (uM) 5.482 3.647 4.655 3.303 4.272 ± 0.572 R2 0.951 0.982 0.944 0.956 (DR=95-50%), low or extreme (DR<50% or DR>95%), and poor dynamic range (DR!0%).


id: cusj-7787
author: Dolaner, Simay; Kaur, Harpreet; Brodsky, Elia; Panov, Julia; Mazumder, Mohit
title: Identification of LncRNAs as Therapeutic Targets in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
date: 2021
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6477
sentence: 359
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cusj-7787.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-7787.txt
summary:
  Identified Non-Coding RNAs were Novel Transcripts Based on differential gene expression analysis, 33 lncRNAs, which are significantly expressed, were identified with the specific parameters (Supplementary Table 2). Therefore, we applied differential gene expression analysis by comparing spontaneous regression and pro- gressive tumor states.


id: cusj-12939
author: Yoon, Ryeogyeoung; Kim, Yoonchang; Ahn, Somin; Kim, Lawrence
title: Discovering Dengue Virus Antibody Using Phage Display Technology
date: 2024
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2984
sentence: 172
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cusj-12939.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-12939.txt
summary:
  This technique allowed us to derive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the genome library and select DENV antibodies that bind to antigen proteins. Phage Display technology refers to a bioengineering technique that allows in vitro selection of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by displaying peptides or antibodies on the sur- face of bacteriophages.


id: cusj-12937
author: Rabbe, Kazi
title: Letter from the Editor-in-Chief
date: 2024
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 391
sentence: 15
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cusj-12937.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-12937.txt
summary:
  Kazi Rabbe Editor-in-Chief, CUSJ Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal 4 Letter from the Editor-in-Chief Dear Readers, I, along with the rest of the CUSJ board, are ecstatic to present you with the 16th volume of our publication.


id: cusj-5587
author: Powell, Allen J.
title: Are Veterans Subjected to Social Indifference?
date: 2020
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12391
sentence: 510
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cusj-5587.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5587.txt
summary:
  Through the use of several other independent cases, each of which also places the provision of monetary funding support to help Veterans as their top priorities, combined with the isolation of indifference in each case as the primary cause for failure, it is possible to confirm generalizable social indifference exists towards Veterans, Veterans social issues, and providing meaningful support for Veterans causes. A large number of widely known charities have used everything from celebrities to fund raisers, from advertisements to social media campaigns to attempt to spread awareness of their cause, gain donations, and prompt participation.


id: cusj-5626
author: Finnell, Lindsay; Nordin, Bailey
date: 2019
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5959
sentence: 280
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cusj-5626.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-5626.txt
title:
  Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Storage Capacities of a Western Amazonian Primary and Secondary Growth Forest

summary:
  This is indicative of a lack of available information concerning lower secondary forest tree density of trees ≥ 10 cm DBH. While old growth forests like UCP tend to store more of their carbon above ground, secondary growth forests like CAS store only about 38.1% of forest carbon in AGB, with the rest being stored primarily soil (Ngo et al. 2013).


id: cusj-6408
author: Reddy, Aidan; Mehta, Apurva
title: Characterization & Correction of Self-Absorption Distortion in XANES
date: 2020
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7048
sentence: 177
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cusj-6408.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6408.txt
summary:
  If I0 N ���� :H WKHQ FRQVLGHU ���� DQG ����� \LHOGLQJ� If I0 N = µnµe0+ µnµe0++$ [1! e!(µnµe0++$)L] µe0+ µe0++$ [1! 7HDFKHUV DQG 6FLHQWLVWV �:'76� XQGHU WKH 6FLHQFH 8QGHUJUDGXDWH /DERUDWRU\ ,QWHUQVKLSV 3UR� JUDP �68/,�� $&.12:/('*(0(176 :H WKDQN $SXUYD 0HKWD DQG 5\DQ 'DYLV IRU WKHLU VXSSRUW DQG JXLGDQFH� 5()(5(1&(6 >�@ $� ,LGD� 7� 1RPD� &RUUHFWLRQ RI WKH 6HOI�$EVRUSWLRQ (IIHFW LQ )OXRUHVFHQFH ;�5D\ $EVRUSWLRQ )LQH 6WUXFWXUH� -SQ� - $SSO� 3K\V� ��� ��������� ������� >�@ &�+� %RRWK� )� %ULGJHV� ,PSURYHG 6HOI�$EVRUSWLRQ &RUUHFWLRQ IRU )OXRUHVFHQFH 0HDVXUHPHQWV RI ([� WHQGHG ;�5D\ $EVRUSWLRQ )


id: cusj-12940
author: Mirza, Mehwish
title: Exploring the “Cascade Effect” of AEBSF on Reduced Glioblastoma Proliferation
date: 2024
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3180
sentence: 211
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cusj-12940.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-12940.txt
summary:
  Biological process enrichment analysis of AEBSF serine protease (Chy- motrypsin-C, Trypsin-1, Trypsin-2, Neutrophil Elastase, Urokinase-type plasminogen activator, Prothrombin) and metalloproteinase (MMP9, MMP14) targets. AEBSF decreases T98G viability AEBSF was also demonstrated to re- duce viability in T98G cells.


id: cusj-7408
author: Pinker, Elisha; Tuganbaev, Timur
title: Microbiome Composition and Circadian Rhythm Disruption Alters Epithelial Barrier Integrity
date: 2021
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4935
sentence: 311
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cusj-7408.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-7408.txt
summary:
  Our data signi- fies metabolic syndromes’ role in both dis- rupting circadian rhythms and heightening intestinal barrier permeability that can lead to increased inflammation and infection. HFD mice were placed in ZT2 and ZT14 light-dark cycles to measure two time points upon sacrifice.


id: cusj-6370
author: Greenberg, Jessica; Piskorowski, Rebecca; Siegelbaum, Steven
title: Lipophilic Tracer DiI Used for Neuronal Tracing in the Fixed Hippocampal Formations of Mice
date: 2022
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6934
sentence: 297
flesch: 66
cache: cache/cusj-6370.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-6370.txt
summary:
  � � � � Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6 ;OPZ�PZ�H�����TPJYVU�[OPJR�ZHNP[[HS�ZSPJL�MYVT�H�^OVSL�TV\U[�^OLYL�[OL� K`L�^HZ�PUZLY[LK�PU[V�*(��^OPSL�[OL�IYHPU�^HZ�Z[PSS�PU[HJ[���/LYL�[OLYL� is labeling in the upper region of the CEnt and the DLEnt. This slice was incubated for 4 KH`Z�H[����KLNYLLZ�*�HUK�[OLU�WSHJLK�H[���KLNYLLZ�\U[PS�ILPUN�TV\U[LK� � � � � � Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3 ;OLZL�HYL�PTHNLZ�VM�H�����TPYJVU�ZHNP[[HS�ZSPJL�^P[O�[^V�+P0�JY`Z[HSZ���-PN\YL��(�PZ�HU�PTHNL�VM�[OL�[VW�VM�[OL�ZSPJL���;OL�^OP[L�HYYV^�PZ�^OLYL�[OL�+P0�JY`Z[HS�^HZ� placed in CA1 and the blue arrow point to labeling in the top of CEnt.


id: cusj-13229
author: Kohut, Yuliia; Coukos, Robert; Krainc, Dimitri
title: Design of a Genetically Encoded Tool to Study the Function of Mitochondria–Lysosome Interactions
date: 2025
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6151
sentence: 296
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cusj-13229.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-13229.txt
summary:
  In live-cell imaging experiments, mitochondria- lysosome contact durations are tunable with this system, increasing proportionally with abscisic-acid concentration used. The involvement of organelle contacts has been implicated in a variety of cellular functions, including organelle fission, trafficking, and cellular metabolism.


id: cusj-10967
author: Manjila, Nihal
title: Recent Progress in Engineered Oncolytic Viruses: A Thematic Review
date: 2025
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7586
sentence: 367
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cusj-10967.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-10967.txt
summary:
  These modifications can take the form of increased levels of surface proteins or signaling molecules, as well as directly causing the death of cancer cells.12 Enhancing modifications could also address different barriers to antitumor effectiveness, such as signaling from tumor cells or the immune system containing and destroying OV particles before they can take effect and destroy cancer cells. Therefore, remodeling and modifying the tumor microenvironment to facilitate targeting of tumor cells by NK cells could be a design goal for engineered OVs.


id: cusj-12468
author: Bhaumik, Sattik
title: SEPHI of Exoplanets Kepler-504 b, Kepler-315 b and Kepler-315 c
date: 2025
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3610
sentence: 158
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cusj-12468.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-12468.txt
summary:
  Adopting SEPHI, with respect to ESI, the results for SEPHI values and ESI values for the exoplanets along with planets from our Solar System have been added to give A reference base for understanding SEPHI’s relevance. The calculations conducted in this paper were built on the data used previously such as calculation for relative planetary mass (mp), relative planetary radius (rp), relative escape velocity (ve), stellar luminosity (Ln), relative density (⍴p), Stellar Effective Temperature (Teff), which forms the basis for calculating the four composition criteria used to determine SEPHI values for each of the exoplanets.4 These particular criteria are essential to understand whether those basic conditions are compatible enough to allow Earth-based life (carbon-based life) on that exoplanet.


id: cusj-13290
author: Lee, Seonyu; Kim, Heeju
title: Unveiling Dark Matter in a Galaxy: A Case Study of NGC 1068
date: 2025
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5089
sentence: 333
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cusj-13290.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-13290.txt
summary:
  As the error bars do not overlap, the presence of dark matter is confirmed. INTRODUCTION In the 1930s, astronomer Zwicky introduced the concept of “dark matter”, a form of matter that interacts gravitationally but not with light, while studying the Coma Cluster.1 Later in the 1970s, Vera Rubin confirmed the existence of dark matter by revealing the flatness of galactic rotation curves.2 Despite accumulating evidence of dark matter’s existence, its nature remains one of the most significant unsolved mysteries in modern astrophysics.


id: cusj-12265
author: Smith, Kynnedy
title: Letter From The Editor-In-Chief
date: 2024
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 451
sentence: 20
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cusj-12265.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-12265.txt
summary:
  The Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal is a space to celebrate and promote budding scientists like all of you, and we’re looking forward to reading more of your work in the future. Sincerely, Kynnedy Simone Smith Editor-In-Chief, Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal 3


id: cusj-7797
author: Ogunniyi, Victoria; Abugaber, David; Finestrat, Irene; Luque, Alicia; Morgan-Short, Kara
title: Predicting Second Language Proficiency with Resting-state Brain Rhythms
date: 2021
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8671
sentence: 418
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cusj-7797.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-7797.txt
summary:
  Regarding L2 proficiency studies, results have shown that highly proficient L2 learners differ in qEEG measures from less proficient L2 learners Based on our results, within- and between-net- work coherence over the theta frequency band is closely related to Spanish L2 proficiency.


id: cusj-12977
author: Patel, Krishay
title: Cardiac Regeneration: A Promising Future For Tissue Engineering and Cardiac Repair
date: 2025
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8258
sentence: 385
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cusj-12977.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-12977.txt
summary:
  With the loss of cardiac cells following cardiovascular disease, the ability to extract healthy cardiac cells for tissue engineering becomes greatly limited. Understanding how cardiac cells function within the heart is crucial in studying tissue engineering and cardiac regeneration.


id: cusj-10965
author: Lang, Elvis; Tilton, John; Sweet, Thomas
date: 2024
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4725
sentence: 242
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cusj-10965.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-10965.txt
title:
  Expression of Single mRNA Constructs Encoding Both CRISPR-Cas9 Protein and Guide RNAs for Future Gene Therapy Applications: 2023 Article of The Year

summary:
  On the other hand, non-viral meth- ods utilize other macromolecules like lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), protein polymers, and Au nanoparticles to deliver gRNA and Cas9 mRNA, protein, or DNA.10 Delivering the pro- tein form of CRISPR-Cas9 along with gRNA is efficient and doesn’t result in much off-tar- get editing, however it is very expensive and there is risk of endotoxin contamination.10 Cas9 mRNA + gRNA delivery has similar Figure 2: Sequence of PCTG plasmids involved with Cas9 gene editing. al. 9 benefits to the protein form; however, it re- quires two components to get into particles and cells.10 Alternatively, Cas9 delivery can also be performed through complexing and conju- gating with proteins.


id: cusj-7805
author: Gao, Yuki; Raisa, Noshin; Amineh, Reza
title: Effect of Eccentricity in Microwave Imaging of Multiple Composite Pipes
date: 2021
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4316
sentence: 199
flesch: 62
cache: cache/cusj-7805.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-7805.txt
summary:
  At the end, the normalized modulus of ( )i nφf SC =E DF� � �� � � 1 A SC SC SC N = E E E �� �� � �� 1 AN = D D D �� �� � �� 1( ) ( ) rN k k φ φ f F = f �� �� � �� 1( , ) ( , ) m m m SC a SC a SC a N k k ω φ φ ω ω = E E E �� �� � �� , , 1, 1 , 1 , , 1, , ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) Near-field holographic imaging has been extended to the application of multiple non-metallic pipe imaging in [14, 15] where the pipes are assumed to be perfectly concentric.


id: cusj-10288
author: Datta, Neelabh
date: 2024
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9634
sentence: 616
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cusj-10288.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-10288.txt
title:
  Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Features of Huntington Disease: A Fatal Neurodegenerative Disorder with Autosomal Dominant Inheritance

summary:
  [69] Aziz, N. A., van der Burg, J. M. M., Ta- brizi, S. J., & Landwehrmeyer, G. B. (2018). [54] Gusella, J. F., MacDonald, M. E., & Lee, J. M. (2014).


id: cusj-12941
author: Challa, Ashrit; Sama, Srikar; Morrishetty, Selik
title: Cellular and Biomaterial Approaches for Treating Age-Related Macular Degeneration
date: 2024
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6149
sentence: 333
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cusj-12941.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-12941.txt
summary:
  Cell stem cell, 5(4), 396–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2009.07.002 There are two main methods of delivering RPE cells: direct injection and monolayer surgical insertion, the latter demonstrating long-term integration.


id: cusj-12942
author: Blue, Benjamin
title: Challenges Between and Within Rural Minority Demographics
date: 2024
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7295
sentence: 550
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cusj-12942.pdf
txt: txt/cusj-12942.txt
summary:
  Cultural competence is paramount in rural health to gain patient trust, correctly and appropriately convey information, and foster accessibility [11]. A defining struggle in rural health is long geographic distances.


# url

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domain: veritas.sao.arizona.edu
url:
  http://veritas.sao.arizona.edu/about-veritas-mainmenu81/atmospheric-cherenkov-technique-and-veritastechnologies-mainmenu-87


id: cusj-5580
domain: www.ascopost.com
url:
  http://www.ascopost.com/issues/may-252016/the-arrival-of-generic-imatinib-into-the-usmarket-an-educational-event


id: cusj-5586
domain: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
url:
  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=dhanasekaran%20sm%5bauthor%5d&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22140652


id: cusj-5586
domain: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
url:
  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=palanisamy%20n%5bauthor%5d&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22140652


id: cusj-5586
domain: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
url:
  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=varambally%20s%5bauthor%5d&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22140652


id: cusj-5586
domain: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
url:
  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=chinnaiyan%20am%5bauthor%5d&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22140652


id: cusj-6359
domain: www.cnbc.com
url:
  http://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/28/donald-trump-will-win-theelection-and-is-more-popular-than-obama-in-2008-ai-systemfinds.html


id: cusj-12977
domain: www.acc.org
url:
  https://www.acc.org/about-acc/press-releases/2020/12/09/18/30/http%3a%2f%2fwww.acc.org%2fabout-acc%2fpress-releases%2f2020%2f12%2f09%2f18%2f30%2fcvd-burden-and-deaths-rising-around-the-world


id: cusj-12977
domain: www.researchgate.net
url:
  https://www.researchgate.net/figure/cell-sources-for-cardiac-tissue-engineering-a-variety-of-cell-types-can-be-used-in_fig2_349634500


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