item: #1 of 76 id: cusj-10288 author: Datta, Neelabh title: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Features of Huntington Disease: A Fatal Neurodegenerative Disorder with Autosomal Dominant Inheritance date: 2024 words: 9634 flesch: 59 summary: [69] Aziz, N. A., van der Burg, J. M. M., Ta- brizi, S. J., & Landwehrmeyer, G. B. (2018). [54] Gusella, J. F., MacDonald, M. E., & Lee, J. M. (2014). keywords: brain; cag; disease; gene; htt; huntington; huntington disease; journal; onset; protein cache: cusj-10288.pdf plain text: cusj-10288.txt item: #2 of 76 id: cusj-10616 author: Yuan, Melinda; Robbins, Jocelyn title: Inside the Nucleon: Tomographic Interpretations and Universality of GPDs with DDVCS date: 2024 words: 2603 flesch: 58 summary: al. 38 After generating the simulated and weighted DDVCS events, we analyzed the data to bet- ter understand how the experimental kine- matics variables relate to each other. al. 37 METHODS In order to simulate DDVCS collisions, we used the event generator DEEPGen, devel- oped by Dr. Marie Boër. keywords: ddvcs; events; figure; gpds; nucleon; scattering cache: cusj-10616.pdf plain text: cusj-10616.txt item: #3 of 76 id: cusj-10965 author: Lang, Elvis; Tilton, John; Sweet, Thomas title: Expression of Single mRNA Constructs Encoding Both CRISPR-Cas9 Protein and Guide RNAs for Future Gene Therapy Applications: 2023 Article of The Year date: 2024 words: 4725 flesch: 55 summary: On the other hand, non-viral meth- ods utilize other macromolecules like lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), protein polymers, and Au nanoparticles to deliver gRNA and Cas9 mRNA, protein, or DNA.10 Delivering the pro- tein form of CRISPR-Cas9 along with gRNA is efficient and doesn’t result in much off-tar- get editing, however it is very expensive and there is risk of endotoxin contamination.10 Cas9 mRNA + gRNA delivery has similar Figure 2: Sequence of PCTG plasmids involved with Cas9 gene editing. al. 9 benefits to the protein form; however, it re- quires two components to get into particles and cells.10 Alternatively, Cas9 delivery can also be performed through complexing and conju- gating with proteins. keywords: cas9; cells; crispr; delivery; editing; figure; gene; gfp; grna; pctg; reporter; tlr cache: cusj-10965.pdf plain text: cusj-10965.txt item: #4 of 76 id: cusj-10967 author: Manjila, Nihal title: Recent Progress in Engineered Oncolytic Viruses: A Thematic Review date: 2025 words: 7586 flesch: 39 summary: These modifications can take the form of increased levels of surface proteins or signaling molecules, as well as directly causing the death of cancer cells.12 Enhancing modifications could also address different barriers to antitumor effectiveness, such as signaling from tumor cells or the immune system containing and destroying OV particles before they can take effect and destroy cancer cells. Therefore, remodeling and modifying the tumor microenvironment to facilitate targeting of tumor cells by NK cells could be a design goal for engineered OVs. keywords: antitumor; cancer; cells; clinical; colleagues; immune; microenvironment; oncolytic; ovs; signaling; treatment; tumor; virus; viruses cache: cusj-10967.pdf plain text: cusj-10967.txt item: #5 of 76 id: cusj-12265 author: Smith, Kynnedy title: Letter From The Editor-In-Chief date: 2024 words: 451 flesch: 57 summary: The Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal is a space to celebrate and promote budding scientists like all of you, and we’re looking forward to reading more of your work in the future. Sincerely, Kynnedy Simone Smith Editor-In-Chief, Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal 3 keywords: journal cache: cusj-12265.pdf plain text: cusj-12265.txt item: #6 of 76 id: cusj-12394 author: Li, Darwin title: Ascending Arousal Network Connectivity in Disorders of Consciousness: A Diffusion MRI Study date: 2025 words: 4034 flesch: 46 summary: RESULTS To visualize AAN connectivity between controls and chronic DoC patients, we generated normalized tract plots of streamlines passing between all subcortical AAN structures. The box plots for the hypothalamus and thalamus show a notably lower median tract count in chronic DoC patients compared to controls, with the median line of the DoC group visibly closer to the first quartile than the third. keywords: aan; arousal; brain; chronic; connectivity; consciousness; controls; doc; patients; thalamus cache: cusj-12394.pdf plain text: cusj-12394.txt item: #7 of 76 id: cusj-12468 author: Bhaumik, Sattik title: SEPHI of Exoplanets Kepler-504 b, Kepler-315 b and Kepler-315 c date: 2025 words: 3610 flesch: 47 summary: Adopting SEPHI, with respect to ESI, the results for SEPHI values and ESI values for the exoplanets along with planets from our Solar System have been added to give A reference base for understanding SEPHI’s relevance. The calculations conducted in this paper were built on the data used previously such as calculation for relative planetary mass (mp), relative planetary radius (rp), relative escape velocity (ve), stellar luminosity (Ln), relative density (⍴p), Stellar Effective Temperature (Teff), which forms the basis for calculating the four composition criteria used to determine SEPHI values for each of the exoplanets.4 These particular criteria are essential to understand whether those basic conditions are compatible enough to allow Earth-based life (carbon-based life) on that exoplanet. keywords: earth; exoplanets; function; habitability; kepler-315; likelihood; sephi cache: cusj-12468.pdf plain text: cusj-12468.txt item: #8 of 76 id: cusj-12935 author: Kudinoor, Arjun title: Letter from the President date: 2024 words: 324 flesch: 44 summary: I am grate- ful to our Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal team and editorial board for their significant contributions to our scientific review process. Arjun Kudinoor President, Chief Editorial Officer Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal keywords: science cache: cusj-12935.pdf plain text: cusj-12935.txt item: #9 of 76 id: cusj-12937 author: Rabbe, Kazi title: Letter from the Editor-in-Chief date: 2024 words: 391 flesch: 59 summary: Kazi Rabbe Editor-in-Chief, CUSJ Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal 4 Letter from the Editor-in-Chief Dear Readers, I, along with the rest of the CUSJ board, are ecstatic to present you with the 16th volume of our publication. keywords: cusj cache: cusj-12937.pdf plain text: cusj-12937.txt item: #10 of 76 id: cusj-12939 author: Yoon, Ryeogyeoung; Kim, Yoonchang; Ahn, Somin; Kim, Lawrence title: Discovering Dengue Virus Antibody Using Phage Display Technology date: 2024 words: 2984 flesch: 57 summary: This technique allowed us to derive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the genome library and select DENV antibodies that bind to antigen proteins. Phage Display technology refers to a bioengineering technique that allows in vitro selection of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by displaying peptides or antibodies on the sur- face of bacteriophages. keywords: antibodies; antibody; dengue; denv; display; dna; phage; plate cache: cusj-12939.pdf plain text: cusj-12939.txt item: #11 of 76 id: cusj-12940 author: Mirza, Mehwish title: Exploring the “Cascade Effect” of AEBSF on Reduced Glioblastoma Proliferation date: 2024 words: 3180 flesch: 58 summary: Biological process enrichment analysis of AEBSF serine protease (Chy- motrypsin-C, Trypsin-1, Trypsin-2, Neutrophil Elastase, Urokinase-type plasminogen activator, Prothrombin) and metalloproteinase (MMP9, MMP14) targets. AEBSF decreases T98G viability AEBSF was also demonstrated to re- duce viability in T98G cells. keywords: aebsf; cells; gbm; journal; mmp9; proteases; protein; serine; t98; treatment; usa cache: cusj-12940.pdf plain text: cusj-12940.txt item: #12 of 76 id: cusj-12941 author: Challa, Ashrit; Sama, Srikar; Morrishetty, Selik title: Cellular and Biomaterial Approaches for Treating Age-Related Macular Degeneration date: 2024 words: 6149 flesch: 51 summary: Cell stem cell, 5(4), 396–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2009.07.002 There are two main methods of delivering RPE cells: direct injection and monolayer surgical insertion, the latter demonstrating long-term integration. keywords: age; amd; cells; degeneration; journal; macular; plga; rpe; stem cache: cusj-12941.pdf plain text: cusj-12941.txt item: #13 of 76 id: cusj-12942 author: Blue, Benjamin title: Challenges Between and Within Rural Minority Demographics date: 2024 words: 7295 flesch: 53 summary: Cultural competence is paramount in rural health to gain patient trust, correctly and appropriately convey information, and foster accessibility [11]. A defining struggle in rural health is long geographic distances. keywords: americans; areas; demographics; disability; factors; health; healthcare; issues; minorities; minority; native; populations; rates; research; rural; services; veterans cache: cusj-12942.pdf plain text: cusj-12942.txt item: #14 of 76 id: cusj-12977 author: Patel, Krishay title: Cardiac Regeneration: A Promising Future For Tissue Engineering and Cardiac Repair date: 2025 words: 8258 flesch: 28 summary: With the loss of cardiac cells following cardiovascular disease, the ability to extract healthy cardiac cells for tissue engineering becomes greatly limited. Understanding how cardiac cells function within the heart is crucial in studying tissue engineering and cardiac regeneration. keywords: cardiac; cardiomyocytes; cells; engineering; heart; human; imaging; journal; models; patel; regeneration; stem; tissue; tissue engineering cache: cusj-12977.pdf plain text: cusj-12977.txt item: #15 of 76 id: cusj-13229 author: Kohut, Yuliia; Coukos, Robert; Krainc, Dimitri title: Design of a Genetically Encoded Tool to Study the Function of Mitochondria–Lysosome Interactions date: 2025 words: 6151 flesch: 40 summary: In live-cell imaging experiments, mitochondria- lysosome contact durations are tunable with this system, increasing proportionally with abscisic-acid concentration used. The involvement of organelle contacts has been implicated in a variety of cellular functions, including organelle fission, trafficking, and cellular metabolism. keywords: aba; cells; colocalization; construct; contact; figure; kohut; lysosomal; lysosome; mitochondria; organelle; protein; system cache: cusj-13229.pdf plain text: cusj-13229.txt item: #16 of 76 id: cusj-13290 author: Lee, Seonyu; Kim, Heeju title: Unveiling Dark Matter in a Galaxy: A Case Study of NGC 1068 date: 2025 words: 5089 flesch: 52 summary: As the error bars do not overlap, the presence of dark matter is confirmed. INTRODUCTION In the 1930s, astronomer Zwicky introduced the concept of “dark matter”, a form of matter that interacts gravitationally but not with light, while studying the Coma Cluster.1 Later in the 1970s, Vera Rubin confirmed the existence of dark matter by revealing the flatness of galactic rotation curves.2 Despite accumulating evidence of dark matter’s existence, its nature remains one of the most significant unsolved mysteries in modern astrophysics. keywords: cigale; data; distribution; figure; fitting; galaxy; mass; matter; ngc; study cache: cusj-13290.pdf plain text: cusj-13290.txt item: #17 of 76 id: cusj-5564 author: Mann, Matthew title: Graphite Based Semi-Conductive 3D Printing Filament date: 2019 words: 3065 flesch: 69 summary: Conductive graphite filament sample. However, the attributes of the filament might not make a suitable replacement for conductive filament. keywords: filament; graphite; pla; samples; table cache: cusj-5564.pdf plain text: cusj-5564.txt item: #18 of 76 id: cusj-5565 author: Tchaconas, Alexis; Chalfie, Martin title: Identifying Factors that Control Mechanoreceptor Neuron Development in C. elegans date: 2012 words: 5023 flesch: 53 summary: In C. elegans, mechanoreceptor neurons (MRNs) detect touch, with three types that require the gene mec-3 (one of the LIM-homeodomain transcription factors) for their proper differentiation: touch receptor neurons (TRNs) (gentle touch), FLP QHXURQV��WLS�RI�WKH�KHDG�WRXFK��DQG�39'�QHXURQV��KDUVK�WRXFK���:KLOH�WKHVH�WKUHH�051V�GLIIHUHQWLDWH�E\�WKH�VDPH�WUDQVFULSWLRQ�IDFWRU�� each cell type’s differentiation produces distinct morphology and express different genes. Using the explant system, a custom cell seeder and sterile cell culture techniques, we introduced metastatic MDA-MB-231/ *)3�FHOOV�WR�D�WKUHH�GLPHQVLRQDO�ERQH�PDWUL[�ZLWK�RVWHRF\WHV�RQO\��&RQIRFDO�LPDJLQJ�FRQ¿UPV�WKDW�EUHDVW�FDQFHU�FHOOV�ZHUH��LQ�IDFW�� successfully seeded onto bone cores, mimicking metastasis. keywords: animals; elegans; expression; flp; genes; mec-3; mutant; mutation; neurons; touch; trn; trns; type; wild; � � cache: cusj-5565.pdf plain text: cusj-5565.txt item: #19 of 76 id: cusj-5570 author: Ghani, Naureen; Yuste, Rafael title: Classification of Neocortical Neurons Using Affinity Propagation date: 2014 words: 4426 flesch: 51 summary: Affinity propagation classification of interneuron physiologies The analysis of the physiology database revealed 3 distinct clusters (Figure 2). Affinity propagation classification of interneuron joint databases The analysis of the interneuron joint database resulted in 2 clusters (Figure 3). keywords: affinity; cells; classification; cluster; data; exemplar; interneurons; neurons; propagation cache: cusj-5570.pdf plain text: cusj-5570.txt item: #20 of 76 id: cusj-5571 author: Moneer, Osman; Lawson, Jacqueline; Joern, Julia; Mensah, Theresa title: Addicted to Adderall date: 2020 words: 775 flesch: 45 summary: 30% of students abuse ADHD medication such as Adderall, and an estimated 81% of students believe ADHD medication is not dangerous. Intended to alleviate difficulties associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), Adderall touts a greater focus and increased alertness. keywords: adderall; adhd; students cache: cusj-5571.pdf plain text: cusj-5571.txt item: #21 of 76 id: cusj-5576 author: Bansal, Sonia; Brown, Genevieve N.; Guo, X. Edward title: The Verification of a Novel Explant System Used to Determine the Role of Osteocytes in the Breast Cancer Vicious Cycle date: 2012 words: 4484 flesch: 63 summary: [Adapted from Chan, ME, Lu, XL, Huo, B, Baik, AD, Chiang, V, HW�DO����������$�7UDEHFXODU�%RQH�([SODQW�0RGHO�RI�2VWHRF\WH� 2VWHREODVW�&R�&XOWXUH�IRU�%RQH�@ % ,2 ( 1 * ,1 ( ( 5 ,1 * Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (Pen-Strep). This activates more osteoclasts, which degrades bone, releasing 7*)²ȕ��FRPSOHWLQJ�D�SRVLWLYH�IHHGEDFN�ORRS� [Adapted from Steeg PS, Theodorescu D, Nat Clin 3UDFW�2QFRO�����@ Figure 3&RQIRFDO�LPDJLQJ�RI�0'$�0%����*)3�FXOWXUHG�LQ�RQ�D�ERQH� core. keywords: bone; breast; cancer; cells; cores; osteocytes; types; undergraduate; � erqh; � ri; � wkh; � � cache: cusj-5576.pdf plain text: cusj-5576.txt item: #22 of 76 id: cusj-5580 author: Cheung, Justin M; Hofflich, Jessica; Henriquez, Pablo; Huang, Jian; Jami, Nafiul title: Designing an Industrially Scalable, Flow-Based Synthesis for the Production of Nilotinib: Chemical Process Modeling and Economic Analysis date: 2019 words: 4926 flesch: 48 summary: Although this process chemistry for nilotinib synthesis is currently in use for its commercial production, there are four distinct drawbacks of Novartis’s currently patented method. The five known paths for nilotinib synthesis were compiled and are outlined in Table 1. keywords: buchwald; flow; generic; nilotinib; novartis; process; production; reaction; synthesis; tasigna; year cache: cusj-5580.pdf plain text: cusj-5580.txt item: #23 of 76 id: cusj-5581 author: Hamilton, Andrew title: Low-Level Visual Processing Allows Humans to React to Animate Objects: Binding Memory as a Key Subsystem of Biological Motion Detection date: 2012 words: 2723 flesch: 53 summary: Binding memory is an indispensable part of biological motion detection. is is a limit of human binding memory: subjects’ performance in object-recall tasks depend on the number features the objects have. E!ects of old age and disease on binding memory Recent studies have also explored the e$ects of old age and diseases such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia on binding memory. keywords: binding; detection; features; memory; motion cache: cusj-5581.pdf plain text: cusj-5581.txt item: #24 of 76 id: cusj-5583 author: Sun, Jonathan; Humensky, Brian; Castano, Daniel Nieto title: Mirror Panel Edge Sensors for the Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope date: 2020 words: 1788 flesch: 57 summary: The ultimate purpose is to visualize the relationship between the environmental stresses and image intensity. A perl script was written to scour the database of images and environmental variables. keywords: edge; gamma; image; laser; sensor cache: cusj-5583.pdf plain text: cusj-5583.txt item: #25 of 76 id: cusj-5585 author: Toriello, Francis title: Cherenkov Telescope Array Mirror Alignment Report date: 2014 words: 1956 flesch: 57 summary: Since the position of the laser’s centroid was given by pixel number, it was necessary to determine the ratio of pixels to millimeters via another ROOT program described in more detail on the following pages. This problem was made most apparent after writing an OPENCV executed program that analyzed this very image and produced a histogram consisting of the amount of pixels versus the intensity values they maintain (see image below): As can be seen, there is an initial spike at zero intensity. keywords: centroid; laser; pixels cache: cusj-5585.pdf plain text: cusj-5585.txt item: #26 of 76 id: cusj-5586 author: Chester, Daniel title: GEM Cell Line Establishment, Characterization, and Analysis date: 2013 words: 2823 flesch: 47 summary: However, there are several additional reasons to develop mouse cell lines. This project is part of a larger one aimed at evaluating drugs targeting the androgen receptor signaling pathways that are often used by prostate cancer cells as positive feedback loops promoting their growth and metastasis keywords: cancer; cells; columbia; lines; models; mouse; npk; npm; prostate cache: cusj-5586.pdf plain text: cusj-5586.txt item: #27 of 76 id: cusj-5587 author: Powell, Allen J. title: Are Veterans Subjected to Social Indifference? date: 2020 words: 12391 flesch: 48 summary: Through the use of several other independent cases, each of which also places the provision of monetary funding support to help Veterans as their top priorities, combined with the isolation of indifference in each case as the primary cause for failure, it is possible to confirm generalizable social indifference exists towards Veterans, Veterans social issues, and providing meaningful support for Veterans causes. A large number of widely known charities have used everything from celebrities to fund raisers, from advertisements to social media campaigns to attempt to spread awareness of their cause, gain donations, and prompt participation. keywords: campaign; cause; charities; indifference; individuals; media; military; page; photography; rules; self; service; support; total; veterans cache: cusj-5587.pdf plain text: cusj-5587.txt item: #28 of 76 id: cusj-5588 author: Gu, Katie title: Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders: Towards Detailed Pathophysiology and Precision Medicine date: 2018 words: 5577 flesch: 41 summary: Within the context of the two main developing therapies examined, gene and stem cell therapy, specific focuses for research are suggested. Though the complete causes of AD and PD have not been fully characterised, neurofibrillary tangles, -amyloid plaques, decreased synaptic function, and cortical atrophy observed in AD and the loss of dopaminergic neurons characteristic of PD can be addressed by gene therapy and stem cell-based therapies. keywords: cell; disease; gene; huntington; neurons; parkinson; research; stem; therapies; therapy; trials cache: cusj-5588.pdf plain text: cusj-5588.txt item: #29 of 76 id: cusj-5590 author: Chelur, Vikas; Trifas, Maria title: Meet Dr. Joachim Frank, Nobel Laureate date: 2018 words: 847 flesch: 69 summary: Meet Dr. Joachim Frank, Nobel Laureate 20 Meet Dr. Joachim Frank, Nobel Laureate CUSJ 2018 ________________________________________________________________________________ keywords: frank; molecules cache: cusj-5590.pdf plain text: cusj-5590.txt item: #30 of 76 id: cusj-5591 author: Tsankova, Nadejda; Basri, Noah title: Characterizing Intracellular Localization and Chromatin Remodeling Role of CHD6 in Human Fetal Development and in Glioblastoma date: 2016 words: 3022 flesch: 51 summary: CHD6 ChIP showed partial enrichment at the promoter of EGFR, one gene of possible significance to glioblastoma2, in fetal and glioblastoma tissues, relative to a presumed positive control locus where CHD6 has been previously demonstrate to bind8. Thank you to Dr. Walsh for collaborating on the experimental design, providing the CHD6 antibody and reporting ZIC1 as a positive control for CHD6 ChIP. REFERENCES keywords: chd6; chip; chromatin; dna; glioblastoma; immunofluorescence; localization; loci; matrix; proteins cache: cusj-5591.pdf plain text: cusj-5591.txt item: #31 of 76 id: cusj-5592 author: Kim, Samuel; Sakamoto, Masayuki; Yuste, Rafael title: Optical Characterization of Potential Dampening in Dendritic Spine Electrophysiology date: 2016 words: 5157 flesch: 48 summary: The mean ΔF/F STA with standard deviation (%) of shaft vs. spine in ArcLight voltage imaging of a total of 6 shaft-spine pairs, for the short pulse (20msec) current injection protocol. A subsequent, more general characterization of Arch using voltage clamp and voltage step manipulations with QuasAr1 at different laser intensities indicates that QuasAr1 shows large changes in fluorescence at much weaker laser intensities (~10 mW) than was used for aforementioned current injection voltage imaging (~110 mW). keywords: arch; arclight; cell; fig; fluorescence; imaging; injection; potential; shaft; spine; voltage cache: cusj-5592.pdf plain text: cusj-5592.txt item: #32 of 76 id: cusj-5600 author: Symposium Participants, CUSJ title: 2011 CUSJ Poster Symposium date: 2020 words: 1406 flesch: -177 summary: Poster Titles 51cusj Volume 5Spring 2011 Columbia Undergraduate Sci J http://cusj.columbia.edu SY M PO SIU M Pathogenesis-related Mutations in the T-Loops of Human Mitochondrial tRNAs Affect 3’ End Processing and tRNA Structure Dmitri Serjanov, Kyla-Gaye Pinnock, Louis Levinger Biochemistry/Biophysics Probing Aromatic Peptide Aggregation Using Spectroscopy =HSLU[PUH�:�-LSZLU��1\Z[PUH�*OPU^VUN��9\LS�+LZHTLYV��(KHT�7YVÄ[ 9HPUMHSS�WH[[LYUZ�PU�ZWLJPÄJ�YLNPVUZ�VM�(MYPJH Delroy Wills Fluorinated Solvent Processing for Organic Optoelec- tronic Applications Ilana Shimunov, Marshall Cox, Ioannis Kymissis Design of Low-Cost Thermophilic Microbial Fuel Cell for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Nathan Winkler Engineering Designing, Breadboarding, Testing, Troubleshooting, and Con- structing a Life Guard Alarm Unit John Buoncora, Dane Burkett Designing, Constructing, Programming, and Debugging an Autonomous Robot Gregory Kissoon, John Buoncora Female Energy Supply Lines: A Study of Firewood in Northern Ghana Madeline Russell Foster Water Usage and Availability in Bongo’s Communities: Re- search Leading to the Development of an Indigenous Fluoride Jessica Marie Friscia Osteoblast Precursor Cells Need the Pyrophosphate Trans- porter ANKH in Order to Sense and Respond to Mechanical Alen Trubelja, Kristen Lee, Christopher Jacobs Testing the ForTraCC model for short term forecasting of cloud movement and life cycle Xiaoqian Pan Automated Detection of GNRA Tetraloop Prevalance Using 3DNA and Python Prerana Pradhan*, Mauricio Esquerra, Wilma K. Olsen Biochemistry/Biophysics Elucidating the Interaction of LPA with Model Membranes Evan Minzter, Rivkah Rogawski* A Comparison of Methods to Collect Host-Seeking, Blood-Fed and Gravid Mosquitoes in the Surburban Landscape Lily C. Hughes*, Richard C. Falco, Thomas J. Daniels Biology Analysis of NFkB Protein Subunits inStimulated Human Mac- rophages Steven Kennedy*, Sitharam Ramaswami, Ashish P. Juvekar, Subrata Manna, Ivana Vancurova From Egg Raft to Emergence: Growth and Survival of Mosquito Larvae in Vernal Pools Jessie Lanterman*, Mike Rubbo, Rich Falco The Effect of RNAi Protein Armitage on oskar mRNA Transport and Localization in Drosophila Oocyte Linda Molla*, Joseph T. Cammarata*, Irina E. Catrina, Diana P. Bratu Analysis of Bortezomib-Induced Nuclear Protein Trans- location in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cells Hung Tran*, Ashish P. Jukevar, Sitharam Ramasswami Ashish P. Juvekar, Subrata Manna, Ivana Vancurova, Subrata Manna, Ivana Vancurova Bone Marrow Degradation: Correlations Between Lipid Oxidation and Caloric Decline Rates Lily Xie*, Robert J. Blumeschine, Karen M. Schaich Anti-Predator and Social Monitoring Functions in Blue Monkeys Kaitlyn M. Gaynor*, Marina Cords Evaluating Nest Protectors for Turtle Conservation: Unintended Consequences for the Malaclemys terrapin Shahriar Rahman* Engineering Structural Glass Shells: The Constructional and Structional Feasbility of a Hyperbolic Umbrella Gregor J. Horstmeyer*, Sigrid Adriaenssens, George Scherer Optical Observations of Thermoelectric Effects of Self-Heated Nanocrystalline Niaz Khan*, Gokhan Bakan, Ali Gokirmak, Helena Silva Electrical Properties of Methyl Based Hybrid Melting Gels Louis Gambino*, Andrei Jitianu, Lisa C. Klein Mathematical Modeling and Characterization of Coiling Peri- modiolar Mei Yi Cheung*, Jian Zhang, Nabil Simaan Pressure Distribution and Forefoot Geometry in Ballet Pointe ShoesCochlear Electrode Arrays Antonia Zaferious*, D.M. Wooton Phase-Change Oscillations and Pulse Generation in Silicon Microwaves Adam Cywar*, Gokhan Bakan, Helena Silva, Ali Gokirmak Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Calcite: Developing a Coating to Protect Marble from Damage in Acid Rain Jeffrey I. Campbell*, Sonia Naidu, George W. Scherer Targeting Nanoparticles to Macrophages Lila Cheung* 2010 SYMPOSIUM Chemistry Anticarcinogenic and Prooxidant Properties of Pomegranate Juice Extract Loriel J. Solodokin*, Audrey Canter, Ahuva Freilich, Orli Haken, Chana G. Ovits-Levy, A.G. Schuck, H. Babich Size-Controlled Growth of Selenium Nanoparticles on Self- Assembled Kinetin Nanostructures and Their Applicatior Stacey N. Barnaby*, Ipsita A. Banerjee Abscisic Acid Based Hydrogels as Drug Delivery Vectors Evan M. Smoak*, Stephen H. Frayne, Karl R. Fath, Ipsita A. Banerjee Implementation and Analysis of Passive Online Schemes for Rogue Access Point Detection in Ethernet Networks Oscar A. Perez*, Bing Wang Psychology & Neuroscience Elucidating the Toll Like Receptor Signaling Pathways of the Immune Jennifer Deluty*, Jeremy Seto, Stuart Sealfon /\THUZ�4PTPJRPUN�(UPTHSZ!�0TWSPJH[PVUZ�MVY�:WLJPLZ�:WLJPÄJ� Vocalization Processing in Human Cortex William J. Talkington, Kristina Rapuano*, Chris Frum, James W. Lewis Experiences and Challenges of Women Combining Academic Careers and Motherhood Danielle L. Auriemma*, Tovah P. Klein Subcortical Localization of Ectopic Cell Cycle Events in Five Alzheimer’s Mouse Models Luming Li*, Timmy Cheung*, Jianmin Chen, Karl Herrup Medicine & Health Services Redistribution of Muscle Mitochondria Assocaited With Verte- brate Neuromuscular Synaptogenesis Mohammad Gilani*, Joav Prives Gadolinium-Loaded Micelles as Intravascular Contrast Agent for Micro-Magnetic Resonance Angiography Lindsay K. Hill*, Karen C. Briley-Saebo, Moustafa Doudai, Asad Baig, Susan Pun, Brian J. Nieman, Daniel H. Turnbull SB-T-1214 Dramatically Downregulates Stem Cell-Related .LUL�,_WYLZZPVU�7YVÄSLZ�PU�4L[HZ[H[PJ�*VSVU�*HUJLY�*LSS Yan Leyfman*, Yuan Wang, Iwao Ojima, Galina I. Botchkina Imbibition of Gases Between Silica and Graphene Kate E. Noa*, Milton W. Cole, Angela D. Lueking Physics Performance of Different Jet Clustering Algorithms in Recon- structing Hadronic Tops David Krohn, Cristina Popa*, Liantao Wang Graduate Students Using Continuum Robots for Contact Detection and Estimation of Contact Location Andrea Bajo*, Nabil Simaan Validation and Benchmarking of Computational Fluid Dynam- Jennifer Lazaros, Erica Michelle Hasten, Alyssa Schuck, Harvey Babich Effect of VEGF on Glucose Transporter 1 during Status Epilepticus Bobby Thomas Effect of Carnitine on Brain Cell Survival Jose Zhagnay, Maria L Cotrina Effect of L-Carnitine on Breast Cancer Cell Migration Adam McConnell, Maria L Cotrina, Regina Sullivan Analysis of Bortezomib-Induced Nuclear Translocation of IkBa In Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells Subrata Manna, Adeel Zubair, Ivana Vancurova The Effect of HIF2 alpha on Cell Growth and Cell Survival Cathy Meng Hao, Yatrik Shah Chemistry Density Function Theory Study on the Reaction of Deprotonated Tyro- sine [Tyr-H]- with Singlet Molecular Oxygen Kallol Mitra Heavy Metals in Golf Balls by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectropho- tometry Andre Hugh Smithson Reactivity of Tris (trimethylsilyl) Phosphite in the Synthesis of the N- Mustard Bisphosphonic Acid of Bicine and Phenylalanine Luis Vargas, Marjorie Morales, Kevin Chavez Determination of Copper Content of the US Penny by X-Ray Fluores- cence, Visible Spectroscopy and Gravimetric Method Sharda Jagdeo Concentration Dependence of Refractive Index Measured by a Laser Pointer: Refractive Index vs. Concentration Rebecca Cho Determination and Applications of the Van ‘t Hoff factor Using Microscale Freezing Point Determination Measurements Fathima Nazmudeen, Paris Svoronos, Mario Balducci, Pedro Irigoyen An unusual porous and spherical micro-scale morphology for poly(o-toluidine) Daniel LaFaurie, David M. Sarno 5HUVÄILYZ�JV�WVS`TLYPaLK�MYVT�HUPSPUL�HUK�Z\SMVUH[LK�HUPSPUL� for electrostatic interaction with gold nanoparticles Engred Vanegas, David M. Sarno The Probing Zinc- Tetracycline keywords: cell; columbia; effect; ivana; manna; subrata; survival; undergraduate; vancurova; � � cache: cusj-5600.pdf plain text: cusj-5600.txt item: #33 of 76 id: cusj-5626 author: Finnell, Lindsay; Nordin, Bailey title: Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Storage Capacities of a Western Amazonian Primary and Secondary Growth Forest date: 2019 words: 5959 flesch: 61 summary: This is indicative of a lack of available information concerning lower secondary forest tree density of trees ≥ 10 cm DBH. While old growth forests like UCP tend to store more of their carbon above ground, secondary growth forests like CAS store only about 38.1% of forest carbon in AGB, with the rest being stored primarily soil (Ngo et al. 2013). keywords: agb; carbon; cas; dbh; density; forest; height; primary; secondary; trees; ucp; wood cache: cusj-5626.pdf plain text: cusj-5626.txt item: #34 of 76 id: cusj-5629 author: Gay, Micah title: A Letter from the President date: 2019 words: 345 flesch: 47 summary: CUSJ’s dual mission is to publish high quality student research in our journals and to promote scientific research among students and introduce students into the scientific research community. Over 30 student researchers presented their original research at our annual symposium and heard from keynote speakers on our faculty advisory board Hugh Ducklow, Gerard Parkin, Kyle Mandli, Marko Jovanovic, and Patricia Lindemann about the importance of undergraduate research. keywords: research cache: cusj-5629.pdf plain text: cusj-5629.txt item: #35 of 76 id: cusj-5634 author: Alston, Aubrey title: Polynomial-time Matrix-based Method of Determining Subset Sum Solutions date: 2015 words: 2483 flesch: 46 summary: To represent the solution space of Z(A’, t, 3, vr, 4, vs), the outlined algorithm follows the convention of expressing solution space with respect to a particular solution of the system and any linear combination of the null space of the multiplier of Z(A’, t, 3, vr, 4, vs). ! (3) In all other cases, S of length t >5 of A exists if and only if there exists a window configuration and membership assignment t1, t2, vr, vs such that there exists a set I, length t’ = t - t1 - t2 - vr - vs satisfying D3,Ij <1 and ΣD1,Ij= ΣD2,Ij = 1 for all j in the range of the length of I. Suppose that such a window exists. keywords: length; set; subset cache: cusj-5634.pdf plain text: cusj-5634.txt item: #36 of 76 id: cusj-5635 author: Toriello, Francis title: Cherenkov Telescope Array Mirror Alignment Report date: 2020 words: 1956 flesch: 57 summary: Since the position of the laser’s centroid was given by pixel number, it was necessary to determine the ratio of pixels to millimeters via another ROOT program described in more detail on the following pages. This problem was made most apparent after writing an OPENCV executed program that analyzed this very image and produced a histogram consisting of the amount of pixels versus the intensity values they maintain (see image below): As can be seen, there is an initial spike at zero intensity. keywords: centroid; laser; pixels cache: cusj-5635.pdf plain text: cusj-5635.txt item: #37 of 76 id: cusj-5637 author: Wang, Christine; Dovas, Athanassios; Amendolara, Benjamin; Canoll, Peter title: The Effect of Fasudil on Glioma Cell Migration date: 2014 words: 3504 flesch: 57 summary: However, residual cell motility and phosphorylation despite treatment with fasudil also suggest that more work must be done to assess the importance of other pathways in glioma cell migration. In order to test the motility of untreated and treated cells and confirm fasudil would inhibit glioma cell migration to a significant degree, Transwell Migration Assays (TMA) were the assay of choice. keywords: cells; fasudil; figure; glioma; migration; phosphorylation; rlc; rock; y-27632 cache: cusj-5637.pdf plain text: cusj-5637.txt item: #38 of 76 id: cusj-5639 author: Jung, Jaehoon title: Agent Based Trading Model of Heterogeneous & Changing Beliefs date: 2020 words: 3342 flesch: 61 summary: When agent 1 pushes the price up from S to K + PK, wealth of agent k, (F, will increase by d(F = JFPK. The simulated stock price seems to become more volatile as heterogeneity across agent beliefs increases with the dispersion in reaction to news information accumulating over time. keywords: agent; beliefs; model; stock cache: cusj-5639.pdf plain text: cusj-5639.txt item: #39 of 76 id: cusj-5645 author: Mendonca, Danielle; Aoki, Chiye; Varela, Katherine; Chen, Yi-Wen title: Changes in NR2B-NMDA Receptor Expression Relate to Individual Differences in Adaptability to Food Restriction-Stress date: 2018 words: 8424 flesch: 49 summary: The findings suggest higher levels of post-ES NR2B levels make ABA animals less susceptible to hyperactivity during ABA2, even when anticipating food. We found that ABA2 animals had more NR2B-labeling in presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic cytoplasm than controls. keywords: aba2; activity; animals; ca1; differences; food; immunoreactivity; levels; membrane; mice; nmda; nr2b; post; running; synapses; weight; wheel cache: cusj-5645.pdf plain text: cusj-5645.txt item: #40 of 76 id: cusj-5647 author: Johri, Ansh; Hsu, Lewis title: CT Based Semi-Automated Method for Pneumonia Severity in Mice date: 2011 words: 5115 flesch: 52 summary: References Comparison Groups P-value from t-test of percent lung by Semi-Automated Segmentation in material H P-value from t-test of Radiologists scores Saline vs. Bacteria 0.001 0.004 Pneumonia Survivors vs. Pneumonia Deaths 0.039 0.581 All Survivor vs. Bacterial Deaths 0.001 0.058 Table 4 *VTWHYPZVU�VM�4PJYV*;�X\HU[PÄJH[PVU�I`�4H[LYPHS�/�[V�X\HSPÄJH[PVU�I`�YHKPVSVNPZ[Z���(�JVTWHYPZVU�VM�[OL�HIPSP[`�VM�[OL�ZLTP�H\[VTH[LK�TL[OVK�[V�[LSS�NYV\WZ�HWHY[�]LYZ\Z� radiologist ability. Survivors 0.032 0.00 7 0.01 0 0.44 8 0.04 3 0.03 1 0.00 9 0.00 1 0.058 Table 3 7�]HS\L�+PZ[YPI\[PVU�MVY�LHJO�4H[LYPHS��HZ�JHSJ\SH[LK�I`�[�[LZ[�*VTWHYPZVU���:[H[PZ[PJHSS`�ZPNUPÄJHU[�HIPSP[`�MVY�TH[LYPHS�/�[V�KPZ[PUN\PZO�IL[^LLU�:HSPUL�]Z��(SS�7UL\- monia, Pneumonia Survivors vs. Pneumonia Non-Survivors, and All Suvivors vs. Pneumonia Non-Suvivors. keywords: lung; mice; non; pneumonia; radiologists; survivors; volume; � � cache: cusj-5647.pdf plain text: cusj-5647.txt item: #41 of 76 id: cusj-5649 author: Bhaiwala, Zahra; Marshall, Christine title: Poliovirus Receptor CD155 Over-Expression Effect on Migration in C6 Glioma Cells date: 2011 words: 6090 flesch: 55 summary: In the beginning phase of experimentation, we analyzed the migratory behavior of control C6 gliomas through two rounds of [YHUZÄS[LY�HZZH`Z��0U�VYKLY�[V�L_WSVYL�[OL�M\UJ[PVU�VM�*+����PU�NSPVTH�TPNYH[PVU��^L�[OLU�JVUK\J[LK�[^V�V]LY�L_WYLZZPVU� experiments with the use of a full-length cDNA expression vector and compared the resulting migration rates to control KH[H��>L�MV\UK�[OH[�HU�H]LYHNL�VM��������JVU[YVS�JLSSZ�JYVZZ�V\Y�[YHUZÄS[LYZ�HM[LY�����OV\YZ��HUK�HU�H]LYHNL�VM�������JLSSZ� [YHUZMLJ[LK�^P[O�[OL�7=9�L_WYLZZPVU�]LJ[VY��6\Y�YLZ\S[Z�YLÅLJ[LK�H�������PUJYLHZL�PU�JLSS�TPNYH[PVU�K\L�[V�HU�PUJYLHZLK� WYLZLUJL�VM�[OL�WYV[LPU�*+�����0U�VYKLY�[V�JVUÄYT�[OH[�*+����^HZ�L_WYLZZLK�PU�[OL�YH[�*�Z��^L�Z\IZLX\LU[S`�JVUK\J[LK� two Western Blots: one comparing control C6s and transfected C6s, and the other running control C6s next to a human U87 glioma control cell line. One of these adaptations is in how glioma cells use myosin II, the major source of cytoplasmic contractile force (Gillespie, 1999). keywords: brain; cd155; cells; columbia; control; expression; glioma; human; malignant; migration; poliovirus; protein; tumor; undergraduate; � � cache: cusj-5649.pdf plain text: cusj-5649.txt item: #42 of 76 id: cusj-5652 author: Lewis, Briley; Oppenheimer, Rebecca title: Direct Imaging of Exoplanets with Project 1640 date: 2017 words: 7475 flesch: 57 summary: Despite these challenges, it is possible to image exoplanets, and even to extract their spectra to better understand their composition. In order to image exoplanets, Project 1640 employs several techniques to overcome the difficulties described in §1.1. keywords: data; et al; image; noise; oppenheimer; project; speckles; star cache: cusj-5652.pdf plain text: cusj-5652.txt item: #43 of 76 id: cusj-5696 author: Obradovic, Aleksandar; Qi, Hongjian title: CFHMM: Heterogeneous Tumor CNV Classification by Hidden Markov date: 2020 words: 1616 flesch: 46 summary: After 15-state classification, a posterior purity estimate for each bin where tumor state is not equal to normal state can be derived from equation 2, and this distribution can be plotted to visualize clonal fraction, as well as k-means-clustered to group mutations belonging to the same clone sub-population. Where, conversely: (2) The purity prior k for input into CFHMM is taken as the mean of values from equation 2, assuming normal state 2 and using only extreme log-ratios over the equation 1 values for pure (k=1) tumor state 3, or under the threshold for pure tumor state 1. keywords: accuracy; data; purity; state; tumor cache: cusj-5696.pdf plain text: cusj-5696.txt item: #44 of 76 id: cusj-5697 author: Likhar, Shreyansh title: Power Transformer Monitoring System date: 2020 words: 1551 flesch: 59 summary: Index Terms—Power transformer, embedded systems, transformer protection I. INTRODUCTION OWER TRANSFORMERS are the important part of power system which are used to step up and down the power to make usable for electricity consumers. Most consumer products or machinery including mobile phones, automobiles and household appliances or computersare equipped with a programmable microcontroller.[5] Fig.5- Atmel AVR pin outs 4.5 CONSERVATOR OIL LEVEL INDICATOR- 4.5.1 MAGNETIC OIL GAUGE Magnetic oil gauge is used indicate the oil level in conservator of power transformer. keywords: oil; power; system; transformer cache: cusj-5697.pdf plain text: cusj-5697.txt item: #45 of 76 id: cusj-5707 author: CUSJ Editorial Board title: On the 2019 CUSJ Research Symposium Honorable Mentions date: 2020 words: 711 flesch: 54 summary: By conducting this research, Justin hopes to create an effective, natural treatment that can inhibit proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. To combat the issue of enamel erosion, which is irreversible, she constructed a scaffold which would aid in the cellular proliferation, organization, and differentiation of primary gingival fibroblast cells in hopes that it could be used for further research in enamel regeneration. keywords: cusj; enamel; research cache: cusj-5707.pdf plain text: cusj-5707.txt item: #46 of 76 id: cusj-5710 author: Shutran, Max; Prywes, Ron title: Identifying serum-inducible sequence elements on the mouse ZFP36 promoter date: 2011 words: 3364 flesch: 63 summary: Undergraduate Sci J http://cusj.columbia.edu N EU RO SC IE N C E cusjcolumbia undergraduate science journalResearch Articles 21cusj Volume 5Spring 2011 Columbia Undergraduate Sci J http://cusj.columbia.edu M O LEC U LA R BIO LO G Y Identifying serum-inducible sequence elements on the mouse ZFP36 promoter Max Shutran1,*, Ron Prywes 2,* 1Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02110, 2Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 APUJ�ÄUNLY�WYV[LPU�����A-7����PZ�HU�95(�IPUKPUN�WYV[LPU�[OH[�KV^UYLN\SH[LZ�[OL�[YHUZSH[PVU�VM�JLY[HPU�NLUL�WYVK\J[Z�I`� inducing the degradation of mRNA. At the appro- � Figure 1 9LZ\S[Z�MYVT�X7*9�MVY�J�MVZ��TPN���HUK�A-7����PU�/L3H�JLSSZ� � Figure 2 .YHWO�PSS\Z[YH[PUN�[OL�PUK\J[PVU�VM�LHJO�YLWVY[LY�NLUL�I`�ZLY\T��;OL�YH^�KH[H�JVUZPZ[LK�VM�K\WSPJH[L�WHPYZ�VM������HUK�����ZLY\T�JVUKP- [PVUZ��NP]LU�HZ�YH[PVZ�VM�3(9�[V�:.�S\TPULZJLUJL��;OL�]HS\LZ�^LYL�JHSJ\SH[LK�I`�UVYTHSPaPUN�LHJO�KH[H�ZL[�[V�VUL�VM�[OL������YH[PVZ��[OLU� H]LYHNPUN�[VNL[OLY�[OL�K\WSPJH[LZ�HUK��PM�H]HPSHISL��V[OLY�KH[H�ZL[Z�MYVT�KPMMLYLU[�KH[LZ��5V�ZPNUPÄJHU[�ZLY\T�PUK\J[PVU�PZ�ZLLU��L_JLW[�PU�[OL� A-7������JVUKP[PVU��^OPJO�\ZLK�93�;2�PU�WSHJL�VM�93�:=���HZ�[OL�YLUPSSH�WSHZTPK� Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal Open-Access Publication | http://cusj.columbia.com 24 cusjVolume 5Spring 2011 Columbia keywords: [ol; cells; columbia; gene; induction; luciferase; plasmid; promoter; serum; undergraduate; vm �; zfp36; � � cache: cusj-5710.pdf plain text: cusj-5710.txt item: #47 of 76 id: cusj-5720 author: Walsh, Jessica; Mann, Mary A; Fischbach, Gerald title: The Effects of Neuregulin on Synapse Formation in Primary Muscle/Nerve Co-Cultures date: 2007 words: 283 flesch: 52 summary: NRG1 binds to receptors on the surface of the muscle, known as erbB receptors. In order to study the effects of NRG1 on early stages of synapse formation, we prepared co-cultures of dissociated muscle cells from postnatal day 1 (P1) mice and neural tube explants from embryonic day 11 (E11) mice. keywords: nrg1 cache: cusj-5720.pdf plain text: cusj-5720.txt item: #48 of 76 id: cusj-5721 author: Bader, Andrew R; Lim, Douglas; MacLaughlinn, David title: Differentiation of Two Species of MUllerian Inhibitory Substance (MIS) date: 2007 words: 170 flesch: 32 summary: Microsoft Word - Document3 ARTICLEVOLUME 2, SPRING 2007 Differentiation of Two Species of MUllerian Inhibitory Substance (MIS) Andrew R Bader1, Douglas Lim2, David MacLaughlin3 1 Columbia College, Columbia University, 2 Clarkson University, 3 Pediatric Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Abstract Muellerian inhibiting substance (MIS), also known as Anti-Muellerian hormone, is a testicular protein responsible for the regression of the MUllerian duct. The results of these investigations reveal the existence of two distinct types of MIS differentiated by ELISA which based on future study may have different impacts as cancer treatment agents. keywords: mis cache: cusj-5721.pdf plain text: cusj-5721.txt item: #49 of 76 id: cusj-5730 author: Pham, Kenneth title: A Letter from the Editor-in-Chief date: 2020 words: 494 flesch: 51 summary: On campus, here at Columbia University, CUSJ has vigorously continued to create and support an undergraduate research community. For example, CUSJ, in co-sponsorship with the Columbia University chapter of the American Physician Scientists Association and the Charles Drew Premedical Society at Columbia University, hosted a panel discussion with MD, PhD and MD/PhD students about graduate degrees in the sciences. keywords: columbia; research cache: cusj-5730.pdf plain text: cusj-5730.txt item: #50 of 76 id: cusj-6359 author: Agrawal, Ankur; Hamling, Tim title: Sentiment Analysis of Tweets to Gain Insights into the 2016 US Election date: 2021 words: 7540 flesch: 66 summary: Trump Tweets % Pos (Trump) % Neg (Trump) Total 2810051 39.6% 45.7% 4044162 43.2% 42.2% We counted tweets that had a score above 0.0 as positive tweets, tweets that had a score below 0.0 to be negative tweets, and tweet with a score of 0.0 as a neutral tweets. keywords: algorithm; clinton; election; issues; results; sentiment; states; trump; trump trump; tweets; twitter cache: cusj-6359.pdf plain text: cusj-6359.txt item: #51 of 76 id: cusj-6360 author: Yin, Yiqiao title: Anomaly Correction by Optimal Trading Frequency date: 2020 words: 2197 flesch: 75 summary: Observe price pt for each company Step 2. Observe price pt for each company Step 2. keywords: buy; step; theorem cache: cusj-6360.pdf plain text: cusj-6360.txt item: #52 of 76 id: cusj-6361 author: Kolba, Natalie; Moneer, Osman title: A Letter from the Editorial Board date: 2020 words: 405 flesch: 51 summary: In the Fall, the CUSJ hosted an event to assist undergraduate students in the process of soliciting a research position. After making changes to the previous Columbia Research Scholars Journal to better reflect the mission of the journal, we were proud to publish many of the incredible submissions sent in from high schoolers from around the United States, and invite several of them to our annual Spring Symposium. keywords: journal; research cache: cusj-6361.pdf plain text: cusj-6361.txt item: #53 of 76 id: cusj-6362 author: Jhajj, Gaganpreet; Farinas, Mark title: Current Methods and Future Research in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease date: 2022 words: 3804 flesch: 59 summary: Potential benchtop tests involving ThT and its binding interactions with amyloid could be developed in the near future using detection methods similar to the RT-QuIC detection method. Innovations in any of these areas would greatly increase AD diagnosis and treatment. keywords: alzheimer; amyloid; detection; disease; methods cache: cusj-6362.pdf plain text: cusj-6362.txt item: #54 of 76 id: cusj-6363 author: Ballinger, Sean title: A Letter from the Editor-in-Chief date: 2022 words: 316 flesch: 56 summary: I am confident that next year’s board will uphold our rigorous review standards and successfully take on new ventures in our mission to bring science to the public. This year’s edition of the CUSJ includes four papers from Columbia University undergraduates in the areas of biomedicine and computational genomics. keywords: year cache: cusj-6363.pdf plain text: cusj-6363.txt item: #55 of 76 id: cusj-6364 author: Patnaik, Ritish title: A Letter from the Editor-in-Chief date: 2022 words: 349 flesch: 56 summary: Looking at this year’s journal, I am also proud to see the various authors and research that we have been blessed to exhibit. We are thrilled to provide these fresh perspectives on scientific research to our audience and hope to continue this practice in future journals. keywords: journal cache: cusj-6364.pdf plain text: cusj-6364.txt item: #56 of 76 id: cusj-6365 author: Yang, Helen; Lewis, Briley; Seetharaman, Abhinav title: Our Future in the Stars date: 2022 words: 863 flesch: 56 summary: As our society has look into our future in space, we have expanded our ideas, including plans to construct space colonies –stations with Earth-like features that function as permanent settlements. Expected to meet the constantly growing needs of human space exploration programs, Orion may eventually carry astronauts to worlds far beyond Earth’s orbit which no man has ever seen or set foot on. keywords: astronauts; iss; space cache: cusj-6365.pdf plain text: cusj-6365.txt item: #57 of 76 id: cusj-6366 author: Kim, Katherine; Streid, David title: The Genetics of Human Behavior date: 2022 words: 874 flesch: 39 summary: CUSJ%|%Volume%9%|%Spring%2015% 7% The Genetics of Human Behavior Katherine Kim1 & David Streid2 1Department of Biochemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 2Department of Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Behavioral disorders arise from environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Anxiety disorders are the most common form of mental illness in the U.S., affecting 18% of the total population. keywords: disorders; gene cache: cusj-6366.pdf plain text: cusj-6366.txt item: #58 of 76 id: cusj-6367 author: Mondragon, Eli; Yoshida, Kyoko; Meyers, Kristen title: Characterizing the Biomechanical and Biochemical Properties of Mouse Uterine Tissue date: 2022 words: 4309 flesch: 56 summary: The hydration levels for both Antrxr2 +/+ and Antxr2 -/- mice uterine samples were 76 ± 11% and 75 ± 10%.   Lastly, mechanical testing proved that Antxr2 -/- uterine tissue is mechanically stronger than Antxr2 +/+ (peak stress 0.078 MPa and 0.04 MPa). keywords: antxr2; collagen; samples; stress; tissue cache: cusj-6367.pdf plain text: cusj-6367.txt item: #59 of 76 id: cusj-6368 author: Tchaconas, Alexis title: The Evolving Role and Nature of Gene Mutations in the Neuropathology of Autism Spectrum Disorders date: 2022 words: 5226 flesch: 39 summary: De novo gene mutations and copy number variations Most known mutations without an identified genetic etiology attributed to ASDs are de novo gene mutations: rare genetic variations that are found in neither of the individual’s parents. In the coming years, it will also be crucial to determine whether de novo gene mutations versus inherited gene mutations implicated in ASD etiology induce identical or distinct brain pathologies. keywords: asds; autism; columbia; disorders; gene; journal; mutations; science; undergraduate cache: cusj-6368.pdf plain text: cusj-6368.txt item: #60 of 76 id: cusj-6369 author: Sorrento, Cristina; Rayport, Stephen; Mihali, Andra; Subramani, Shreya; MacDonald, Joanne; Katz, Francine; Katz, Francine title: Identification of Inhibitors of Phosphate-activated Glutaminase for the Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia date: 2022 words: 3784 flesch: 47 summary: �2�ZDV�QRW�WHVWHG�RQ����������� of which is the Cheng-Pruso& equation: Ki= IC50/(1+[S]/KM ) IC��� values are displayed in the table to the right Figure 3 $�VFKHPDWLF�GLDJUDP�RXWOLQLQJ�WKH�VFUHHQLQJ�SURFHVV�IRU�WKH�VHOHFWLRQ�RI�3$*�VSHFL¿F�LQKLELWRUV P S Y C H IATR Y Trial 1 2 3 4 Average ± SE IC50 (uM) 5.482 3.647 4.655 3.303 4.272 ± 0.572 R2 0.951 0.982 0.944 0.956 (DR=95-50%), low or extreme (DR<50% or DR>95%), and poor dynamic range (DR!0%). keywords: assay; compounds; glutamate; glutamine; inhibition; inhibitors; pag; plates; schizophrenia; screen; uorescence; � � cache: cusj-6369.pdf plain text: cusj-6369.txt item: #61 of 76 id: cusj-6370 author: Greenberg, Jessica; Piskorowski, Rebecca; Siegelbaum, Steven title: Lipophilic Tracer DiI Used for Neuronal Tracing in the Fixed Hippocampal Formations of Mice date: 2022 words: 6934 flesch: 66 summary: � � � � Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6 ;OPZ�PZ�H�����TPJYVU�[OPJR�ZHNP[[HS�ZSPJL�MYVT�H�^OVSL�TV\U[�^OLYL�[OL� K`L�^HZ�PUZLY[LK�PU[V�*(��^OPSL�[OL�IYHPU�^HZ�Z[PSS�PU[HJ[���/LYL�[OLYL� is labeling in the upper region of the CEnt and the DLEnt. This slice was incubated for 4 KH`Z�H[����KLNYLLZ�*�HUK�[OLU�WSHJLK�H[���KLNYLLZ�\U[PS�ILPUN�TV\U[LK� � � � � � Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3 ;OLZL�HYL�PTHNLZ�VM�H�����TPYJVU�ZHNP[[HS�ZSPJL�^P[O�[^V�+P0�JY`Z[HSZ���-PN\YL��(�PZ�HU�PTHNL�VM�[OL�[VW�VM�[OL�ZSPJL���;OL�^OP[L�HYYV^�PZ�^OLYL�[OL�+P0�JY`Z[HS�^HZ� placed in CA1 and the blue arrow point to labeling in the top of CEnt. keywords: -pn\yl �; h �; pu �; slices; vm �; älsk �; � [ol; � [v; � figure; � huk; � hyl; � myvt; � pz; � shilspun; � ylnpvu; � zhnp[[hs; � zspjl; � � cache: cusj-6370.pdf plain text: cusj-6370.txt item: #62 of 76 id: cusj-6371 author: Xu, Kevin; Weseley, Allyson title: Relationships between Oncologist Gender, Participatory Decision Making, Anxiety and Breast Cancer Care date: 2022 words: 6204 flesch: 57 summary: 37 51 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Male Female Oncologist Gender S ta n d a r d C a r e R a te ( % ) Figure 1 (�Z[H[PZ[PJHSS`�ZPNUPÄJHU[�KPMMLYLUJL�^HZ�MV\UK�IL[^LLU�[OL���VM�MLTHSL�VUJVSVNPZ[Z»�WH[PLU[Z��� ����������^OV�YLJLP]LK�HKQ\]HU[� [OLYHW`�HUK�[OL���VM�THSL�VUJVSVNPZ[Z»�WH[PLU[Z�YLJLP]LK�HKQ\]HU[�[YLH[TLU[���������������_õ� ���$�������W�#���� 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 PDM A n x ie ty Figure 2 /PNOLY�WHY[PJPWH[VY`�KLJPZPVU�THRPUN�^HZ�MV\UK�[V�IL�ZPNUPÄJHU[S`�JVYYLSH[LK�^P[O�SV^LY�SL]LSZ�VM�HU_PL[ �̀�Y�$��������W�#����� Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal Open-Access Publication | http://cusj.columbia.com 30 cusjVolume 5Spring 2011 Columbia Undergraduate Sci J http://cusj.columbia.edu O N CO LO G Y cusjcolumbia undergraduate science journalResearch Articles 31cusj Volume 5Spring 2011 Columbia Undergraduate Sci J http://cusj.columbia.edu O N CO LO G Y Relationship of Oncologist Gender to Adjuvant Treatment As seen in Table 1, 47 of all 105 participating breast cancer patients received adjuvant treatment (lumpectomy followed by either radiotherapy or chemotherapy). No Standard Care A n x ie t y Figure 6 7H[PLU[Z�^OV�YLJLP]LK�HKQ\]HU[�[YLH[TLU[�OHK�THYNPUHSS`�SV^LY�SL]LSZ�VM�HU_PL[`��4�$�������[OHU�WHY[PJPWHU[Z�^OV�KPK�UV[�YLJLP]L�HKQ\- ]HU[�[YLH[TLU[��4�$��������[������$�������W�$��� � Conclusion References O N CO LO G Y Low energy surface acoustic waves (SAW) have been shown to reduce bio!lm formation on urinary catheters in rabbits (Hazan et al., 2006). keywords: breast; cancer; patients; pdm; treatment; vm �; w �; � hkq\]hu[; � huk; � pu; � wh[plu[z; � � cache: cusj-6371.pdf plain text: cusj-6371.txt item: #63 of 76 id: cusj-6408 author: Reddy, Aidan; Mehta, Apurva title: Characterization & Correction of Self-Absorption Distortion in XANES date: 2020 words: 7048 flesch: 61 summary: If I0 N ���� :H WKHQ FRQVLGHU ���� DQG ����� \LHOGLQJ� If I0 N = µnµe0+ µnµe0++$ [1! e!(µnµe0++$)L] µe0+ µe0++$ [1! 7HDFKHUV DQG 6FLHQWLVWV �:'76� XQGHU WKH 6FLHQFH 8QGHUJUDGXDWH /DERUDWRU\ ,QWHUQVKLSV 3UR� JUDP �68/,�� $&.12:/('*(0(176 :H WKDQN $SXUYD 0HKWD DQG 5\DQ 'DYLV IRU WKHLU VXSSRUW DQG JXLGDQFH� 5()(5(1&(6 >�@ $� ,LGD� 7� 1RPD� &RUUHFWLRQ RI WKH 6HOI�$EVRUSWLRQ (IIHFW LQ )OXRUHVFHQFH ;�5D\ $EVRUSWLRQ )LQH 6WUXFWXUH� -SQ� - $SSO� 3K\V� ��� ��������� ������� >�@ &�+� %RRWK� )� %ULGJHV� ,PSURYHG 6HOI�$EVRUSWLRQ &RUUHFWLRQ IRU )OXRUHVFHQFH 0HDVXUHPHQWV RI ([� WHQGHG ;�5D\ $EVRUSWLRQ ) keywords: + �; d �; dqg wkh; ioxruhvfhqfh; iru; lj �; lv wkh; ri wkh; srvw �; vdpsoh �; vhoi �; vlq; vshfwud �; vshfwuxp �; wkdw; wkh vdpsoh; wklfnqhvv �; wr wkh; µn �; � +; � 7kh; � devruehg; � devruswlrq; � dqg; � dv; � e; � hgjh; � lw; � ri; � ru; � ud\; � wkh; � zh; � zkhuh; � zklfk; � � cache: cusj-6408.pdf plain text: cusj-6408.txt item: #64 of 76 id: cusj-6409 author: Tjo, Hansen; Zervoudis, Nicholas; Obermeyer, Allie title: Protein-Polymer Complex Coacervates as Synthetic Membrane-less Organelles date: 2020 words: 4199 flesch: 40 summary: [9] R. A. Kapelner, A.C. Obermeyer, Ionic polypeptide tags for protein phase separation. For the GOx-PEI system, no form of phase separation was observed at all salt concentrations. keywords: coacervate; gox; liquid; mixing; phase; polycation; salt; separation; systems; turbidity cache: cusj-6409.pdf plain text: cusj-6409.txt item: #65 of 76 id: cusj-6410 author: Putnam, Olivia; Lake, Keely title: I’m Upset, not Ashamed: An Investigation into Adolescent Shame Acknowledgement date: 2020 words: 4476 flesch: 48 summary: A paired t-test comparing aver- age ISS shame and PANAS shame affirmed this underre- porting phenomenon in individuals, with nearly 74 per- cent of participants reporting lower self-rated PANAS shame than “true” ISS shame. Shame is a powerful and acutely painful “master emotion” that is strongly correlated with maladaptive behav- iors and a host of psychological symptoms. keywords: affect; emotion; iss; panas; scale; score; self; shame cache: cusj-6410.pdf plain text: cusj-6410.txt item: #66 of 76 id: cusj-6411 author: Parsley, Julia title: Letter from the Editor-in-Chief date: 2020 words: 374 flesch: 47 summary: Volume 14 of CUSJ is diverse in scientific fields represented, ranging from biochemistry and the development of enzymatic nanoreactors for industrial synthesis, to the social science of shame in teens. Since our very first volume in 2006, it has been the mission of CUSJ to provide an accessible and professional, open access platform for undergraduates to communicate their research advances in various scientific fields. keywords: cusj cache: cusj-6411.pdf plain text: cusj-6411.txt item: #67 of 76 id: cusj-6413 author: Mohabir, Jason title: Letter from the President date: 2020 words: 306 flesch: 47 summary: Dear Readers, Founded in 2006, the Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal was created by a team of graduate students who wanted to provide a collegiate platform for undergraduates to publish their scholarship and to educate students about the academic publication process. The Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal editorial board is proud to present the 14th annual Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal. keywords: journal cache: cusj-6413.pdf plain text: cusj-6413.txt item: #68 of 76 id: cusj-6414 author: CUSJ, Editorial Board title: CUSJ Volume 14 - 2020 date: 2020 words: 16711 flesch: 53 summary: If I0 N ���� :H WKHQ FRQVLGHU ���� DQG ����� \LHOGLQJ� If I0 N = µnµe0+ µnµe0++$ [1! e!(µnµe0++$)L] µe0+ µe0++$ [1! 7HDFKHUV DQG 6FLHQWLVWV �:'76� XQGHU WKH 6FLHQFH 8QGHUJUDGXDWH /DERUDWRU\ ,QWHUQVKLSV 3UR� JUDP �68/,�� $&.12:/('*(0(176 :H WKDQN $SXUYD 0HKWD DQG 5\DQ 'DYLV IRU WKHLU VXSSRUW DQG JXLGDQFH� 5()(5(1&(6 >�@ $� ,LGD� 7� 1RPD� &RUUHFWLRQ RI WKH 6HOI�$EVRUSWLRQ (IIHFW LQ )OXRUHVFHQFH ;�5D\ $EVRUSWLRQ )LQH 6WUXFWXUH� -SQ� - $SSO� 3K\V� ��� ��������� ������� >�@ &�+� %RRWK� )� %ULGJHV� ,PSURYHG 6HOI�$EVRUSWLRQ &RUUHFWLRQ IRU )OXRUHVFHQFH 0HDVXUHPHQWV RI ([� WHQGHG ;�5D\ $EVRUSWLRQ ) keywords: + �; d �; dqg wkh; gglwlrqdoo\ �; gox; ioxruhvfhqfh; liquid; lj �; lqwhuhvw �; lv wkh; mixing; pdwhuldo �; phase; ri d; ri wkh; ruljlqdo �; salt; self; separation; shame; srvw �; suh �; vdpsoh �; vhoi �; vlq; vshf �; vshfwud �; vshfwuxp �; wkdw; wkh vdpsoh; wklfnqhvv �; wr wkh; xq �; µn �; � +; � 7kh; � 7klv; � devruehg; � devruswlrq; � dqg; � dv; � e; � hgjh; � iru; � lv; � lw; � ri; � rqh; � ru; � ud\; � wkh; � wklv; � wlrq; � wuxp; � zh; � zkhuh; � zklfk; � zlwk; � � cache: cusj-6414.pdf plain text: cusj-6414.txt item: #69 of 76 id: cusj-7408 author: Pinker, Elisha; Tuganbaev, Timur title: Microbiome Composition and Circadian Rhythm Disruption Alters Epithelial Barrier Integrity date: 2021 words: 4935 flesch: 50 summary: Our data signi- fies metabolic syndromes’ role in both dis- rupting circadian rhythms and heightening intestinal barrier permeability that can lead to increased inflammation and infection. HFD mice were placed in ZT2 and ZT14 light-dark cycles to measure two time points upon sacrifice. keywords: barrier; circadian; disruption; epithelial; figure; gut; hfd; jet; lag; mice; microbiome; permeability; zt14 cache: cusj-7408.pdf plain text: cusj-7408.txt item: #70 of 76 id: cusj-7787 author: Dolaner, Simay; Kaur, Harpreet; Brodsky, Elia; Panov, Julia; Mazumder, Mohit title: Identification of LncRNAs as Therapeutic Targets in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia date: 2021 words: 6477 flesch: 53 summary: Identified Non-Coding RNAs were Novel Transcripts Based on differential gene expression analysis, 33 lncRNAs, which are significantly expressed, were identified with the specific parameters (Supplementary Table 2). Therefore, we applied differential gene expression analysis by comparing spontaneous regression and pro- gressive tumor states. keywords: analysis; as1; cancer; cells; cll; expression; figure; gene; journal; lncrnas; pathways; protein; regression; samples; tumor cache: cusj-7787.pdf plain text: cusj-7787.txt item: #71 of 76 id: cusj-7788 author: Obikili, Mary-Benedicta title: The Effects of APOBEC3G's Cytidine Deaminase Activity on Retroviral Evolution date: 2021 words: 3673 flesch: 61 summary: Although APOBEC3 proteins help inhibit viral infection through their cytidine deaminase activity, A3D, A3F, A3G, and A3H may also play a role in viral evolution, where viruses such as HIV gain beneficial mutations that enable them to overcome the antiviral activity of A3 proteins Vif has two motifs that bind to A3 proteins: DRMR which binds to and degrades A3F and A3D, and the other motif, YRHHY, which binds to A3G, leading to its degradation [5]. keywords: cell; mutations; proteins; virus cache: cusj-7788.pdf plain text: cusj-7788.txt item: #72 of 76 id: cusj-7797 author: Ogunniyi, Victoria; Abugaber, David; Finestrat, Irene; Luque, Alicia; Morgan-Short, Kara title: Predicting Second Language Proficiency with Resting-state Brain Rhythms date: 2021 words: 8671 flesch: 53 summary: Regarding L2 proficiency studies, results have shown that highly proficient L2 learners differ in qEEG measures from less proficient L2 learners Based on our results, within- and between-net- work coherence over the theta frequency band is closely related to Spanish L2 proficiency. keywords: coherence; dele; frequency; language; learning; measures; memory; participants; power; proficiency; qeeg; spanish; state; studies; study; task; theta cache: cusj-7797.pdf plain text: cusj-7797.txt item: #73 of 76 id: cusj-7805 author: Gao, Yuki; Raisa, Noshin; Amineh, Reza title: Effect of Eccentricity in Microwave Imaging of Multiple Composite Pipes date: 2021 words: 4316 flesch: 62 summary: At the end, the normalized modulus of ( )i nφf SC =E DF� � �� � � 1 A SC SC SC N = E E E �� �� � �� 1 AN = D D D �� �� � �� 1( ) ( ) rN k k φ φ f F = f �� �� � �� 1( , ) ( , ) m m m SC a SC a SC a N k k ω φ φ ω ω = E E E �� �� � �� , , 1, 1 , 1 , , 1, , ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) Near-field holographic imaging has been extended to the application of multiple non-metallic pipe imaging in [14, 15] where the pipes are assumed to be perfectly concentric. keywords: defects; eccentricity; images; imaging; microwave; pipes; � � cache: cusj-7805.pdf plain text: cusj-7805.txt item: #74 of 76 id: cusj-8355 author: Leite, Isabella title: Letter from the Editor-in-Chief date: 2021 words: 347 flesch: 49 summary: Sincerely, Isabella Leite Editor-in-Chief Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal 3 This includes but is not limited to the CUSJ editorial board, the CUSJ editorial committee, our Faculty Advisory Board, our advisors at Columbia Libraries, our peer reviewers, research mentors, and all students who submitted their work. keywords: cusj cache: cusj-8355.pdf plain text: cusj-8355.txt item: #75 of 76 id: cusj-8356 author: Rao, Arya title: Letter from the President date: 2021 words: 413 flesch: 44 summary: As one of the first undergraduate peer-reviewed scientific journals, we paved the way many years ago for the cre- ation of scientific publications at other universities. I would like to specifically commend the authors published in our 15th edition, who have demonstrated an admirable commitment to scientific achievement and collaboration in this unusual time. keywords: undergraduate cache: cusj-8356.pdf plain text: cusj-8356.txt item: #76 of 76 id: cusj-8370 author: Leite, Isabella title: Columbia Spring Research Symposium 2021 date: 2021 words: 961 flesch: 46 summary: 63 Third Place: Probing the Statistical Relationship Between Binary Black Hole Mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei Hosts by Amanda Beck About the Author: My name is Amanda Beck, and I am a Brazilian Junior at Columbia University, Columbia College, majoring in Astrophysics. First Place: Can we use next-generation gravitational wave detectors for terrestrial precision measurements of Shapiro time delay? by Andrew Sullivan Abstract: Shapiro time delay is an effect predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity where- by the travel time of light is delayed as light passes by massive objects. keywords: research; shapiro; time cache: cusj-8370.pdf plain text: cusj-8370.txt