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Published
JOINTLY by

The Pennsylvania 
PoliTical science 
associaTion

AND

The legislaTive office 
for research liaison

Pennsylvania house of 
rePresenTaTives

COMMONWEALTH

 of political
    science

C
O

M
M

O
N

W
EALTH

: A JO
U

R
N

AL O
F PO

LITIC
AL SC

IEN
C

E • VO
L. 15, N

O
. 2, SEPTEM

BER
 2009

VOL. 15, nO. 2, SEPTEMBER 2009

The Pennsylvania Political 

Science Association (PPSA) 

was founded in 1939 to 

further scholarship

within the discipline.

The Legislative Office for 

Research Liaison (LORL) 

was founded in 1976 by 

the Pennsylvania House of 

Representatives to provide 

research linkage to the 

academic community.

a journal



i

COMMONWEALTH: A Journal of Political Science

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Ursinus College

ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University
Donald G. Tannenbaum, Gettysburg College
Michael R. King, Legislative Office for Research

Liaison, Pennsylvania House of Representatives

BOOK REVIEW EDITOR: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University

MANAGING EDITOR: Michael E. Cassidy, Office of the Democratic Caucus
Chair, Pennsylvania House of Representatives

EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD

Aryeh Botwinick
Temple University

M. Margaret Conway
University of Florida

Roger H. Davidson
University of Maryland

Jean B. Elshtain
University of Chicago

Richard F. Fenno
University of Rochester

Marianne Githens
Goucher College

Susan W. Hammond
American University

Samuel Krislov
University of Minnesota

G. Calvin Mackenzie
Colby College

Michael J. Malbin
State University of NY, Albany

Harvey C. Mansfield, Jr.
Harvard University

Kenneth F. Mott
Gettysburg College

Craig N. Murphy
Wellesley College

Steven A. Peterson
The Pennsylvania State University

Mark P. Petracca
University of California, Irvine

Kathy Ferguson
University of Hawaii at Manoa

Bruce M. Russett
Yale University

J. David Singer
University of Michigan



ii

PENNSYLVANIA POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
Officers and Executive Council

2009-2010

PRESIDENT
Paula Holoviak

Kutztown University
FIRST VICE PRESIDENT
Stanley Berard
Lock Haven University

TREASURER
Thomas Brogan
Albright College

SECOND VICE PRESIDENT
Brooke Harlowe

Lock Haven University

SECRETARY & WEBMASTER
Fran Moran

New Jersey City University

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL

2007-2010 Term

Joseph Rish
King’s College

Michael Dillon
LaSalle University

2008-2011 Term

Kyle Kreider
Wilkes University

Joseph Melusky
St. Francis University

2009-2012 Term
Steven Peterson
Penn State - Harrisburg

John Kennedy
West Chester University of

Pennsylvania

EX OFFICIO MEMBERS

PAST PRESIDENT
Thomas J. Baldino
Wilkes University

PAST PRESIDENT
Joseph Melusky

St. Francis University

EDITORIAL STAFF OF

COMMONWEALTH: A JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Gerard J. Fitzpatrick

Ursinus College
ASSOCIATE EDITOR &
BOOK REVIEW EDITOR
Thomas J. Baldino
Wilkes University

ASSOCIATE EDITOR &
SPECIAL ISSUE EDITOR

Michael R. King
LORL, PA House of Representatives

ASSOCIATE EDITOR
FOR POLITICAL THEORY
Donald G. Tannenbaum
Gettysburg College

MANAGING EDITOR
Michael Cassidy

Office of the Democratic Caucus Chair
PA House of Representatives



iii

LEGISLATIVE OFFICE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (LORL)
Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Harrisburg, PA 17120-2218

Hon. Keith R. McCall
The Speaker of the House of Representatives

Hon. Todd Eachus
The Majority Leader

Hon. H. William DeWeese
The Majority Whip

Hon. Samuel H. Smith
The Minority Leader

Hon. Mike Turzai
The Minority Whip

2009-2010 LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (LCRL)

Hon. James R. Roebuck, Jr.
LORL Committee Chair

Hon. H. Scott Conklin

Hon. Stephen P. Samuelson

Dr. Richard DiEugenio
Special Assistant to the President for
Governmental Affairs
The Pennsylvania State University

Hon. Samuel H. Smith
Republican Leader

Hon. Kate Harper
LORL Committee Secretary

Hon. Duane Milne

Dr. James Moran III
Vice Chancellor for Academic and

Student Affairs
PA State System of Higher Education

2009-2010 UNIVERSITY COMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (UCRL)

Dr. Richard L. Rosen
Associate Professor of History and Politics
Drexel University

Dr. Grant D. Venerable, II
Vice President for Academic Affairs
Lincoln University

Dr. Richard DiEugenio
Special Assistant to the President
for Governmental Affairs
The Pennsylvania State University

Dr. Michael G. Hagan
Director, Institute for Public Affairs
Temple University

Dr. Michael R. King
LORL Executive Director

Dr. George E. Klinzing
Vice Provost for Research

University of Pittsburgh

Dr. Kathleen Howley
Assistant Vice Chancellor for

Academic and Student Affairs
PA State System of Higher Education

Mr. Ronald Uroda
Vice President for Research

AICUP

Dr. Andrew Rudczynski
Associate Vice President of Finance and
Executive Director of Research Services

University of Pennsylvania



iv

Contents

Volume 15, Number 2.......................................... September 2009

About the Authors................................................................................v

In the COMMONWEALTH by Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Editor ...........vi

Articles

The Unlikely Election and Service of John Inscho Mitchell,
U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, 1881-1887 ..................................1
David R. White, Francis Marion University

Judicial Selection and the Underrepresentation of Women on
The Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas.................................15

Heather Frederick, Slippery Rock University

The Removal of Carl Romanelli from Pennsylvania’s 2006
U.S. Senate Ballot ..........................................................................37
Blyden Potts, Shippensburg University

Viewing Representative Behavior through the Lens of Social and
Political Identity .............................................................................65
Robin Lauermann, Messiah College

The “Greening” of Local Governments .............................................89

Arthur M. Holst, Philadelphia Water Department

Book Reviews

Adams, Brian L.
Citizen Lobbyists: Local Efforts to Influence Public Policy .....101

James Yoho, J.D., Ph.D., Independent Scholar



v

Adams, Carolyn; Bartelt, David; Elesh, David; Goldstein, Ira;
with Freely, Joshua; and Schmitt, Michelle.

Restructuring the Philadelphia Region: Metropolitan
Divisions and Inequality.............................................................103

Richardson Dilworth, Drexel University

Dilworth, Richardson (editor).
Social Capital in the City: Community and Civic Life in
Philadelphia ................................................................................105

Kyle L. Kreider, Wilkes University

Lamis, René M.
The Realignment of Pennsylvania Politics Since 1960:
Two-Party Competition in a Battleground State ........................107

Daniel Mallison, Villanova University

Madonna, G. Terry.
Pivotal Pennsylvania: Presidential Politics from FDR to the
Twenty-First Century ................................................................110

Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University

Pickering, Kathleen; Harvey, Mark; Summers, Gene;
Mushinski, David.

Welfare Reform in Persistent Rural Poverty: Dreams,
Disenchantments, and Diversity.................................................111

E. Brooke Harlowe, Lock Haven University

Warren, Kenneth.
Bethlehem Steel: Builder and Arsenal of America....................114

John H. Hepp, IV, Wilkes University



vi

About the Authors

Heather Frederick, Ph.D., is an assistant professor of political science at
Slippery Rock University. She received her doctoral degree from West
Virginia University. Her primary research interests focus on barriers to the
representation of women in American governmental institutions. She is
especially interested in women’s PACs and female congressional candidates.

Arthur M. Holst, Ph.D., is Business and Government Affairs Manager for
the Philadelphia Water Department. He received his doctoral degree from
Temple University. His research interests include local government, public
works, and the environment.

Robin Lauermann, Ph.D., is an associate professor and Chair of the
Department of Politics at Messiah College. She received her doctoral degree
from the State University of New York at Buffalo. Her current research
focuses on political behavior in the areas of representation and political
engagement.

Blyden B. Potts, Ph.D., is an adjunct assistant professor at Shippensburg
University, in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology. He earned
his doctorate at the University of Michigan. His research interests include
structured inequality, lifestyle, formal organizations, and social capital and
social networks. In 2006, he was a leader in the Green Party of Pennsylvania
(GPPA) ballot access signature effort. From 2007 to 2008 he was Secretary
of the GPPA.

David R. White, Ph.D., is an associate professor of political science at
Francis Marion University in Florence, South Carolina. He received his
doctoral degree from the University of Arizona. His research interests
include congressional development, particularly in the U.S. Senate, and the
origins and growth of “presidential advance” (the White House office and
staff that prepare and manage presidential trips and public events).


