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 i

COMMONWEALTH:  A Journal of Political Science 

 

EDITOR IN CHIEF: Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Ursinus College 
 
ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University 
 Donald G. Tannenbaum, Gettysburg College 
 Michael R. King, Legislative Office for Research  
        Liaison, Pennsylvania House of Representatives 
 
BOOK REVIEW EDITOR: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University 
 
MANAGING EDITOR: Michael E. Cassidy, Office of the Democratic Caucus 

            Chairman, Pennsylvania House of Representatives 
 
 

EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD 
 

Aryeh Botwinick 
Temple University 
 
M. Margaret Conway 
University of Florida 
 
Roger H. Davidson 
University of Maryland 
 
Jean B. Elshtain 
University of Chicago 
 
Richard F. Fenno 
University of Rochester 
 
Marianne Githens 
Goucher College 
 
Susan W. Hammond 
American University 
 
Samuel Krislov 
University of Minnesota 
 
G. Calvin Mackenzie 
Colby College 

 

Michael J. Malbin 
State University of NY, Albany 

 
Harvey C. Mansfield, Jr. 

Harvard University 
 

Kenneth F. Mott 
Gettysburg College 

 
Craig N. Murphy 

Wellesley College 
 

Steven A. Peterson 
The Pennsylvania State University 

 
Mark P. Petracca 

University of California, Irvine 
 

H. Mark Roelofs 
New York University 

 
Bruce M. Russett 

Yale University 
 

J. David Singer 
University of Michigan 

 
 

 
 



 ii

Contents 
 

Volume 14..........................................................................December 2008 
 
About the Authors ......................................................................................... iv 
 
Preface by Michael R. King ......................................................................... vii 
 
Introduction 

The Public Health System of the Pennsylvania Commonwealth:  
Where Do We Go from Here? ...........................................................................  1 

Margaret A. Potter, JD, MS, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public 
Health 

 

Part I.  Critical Issues in Pennsylvania’s Public Health System  

Public Health Shortage Areas in Pennsylvania: A Barrier to Health 
Information .................................................................................................................... 7 

Alberto J.F. Cardelle, PhD, MPH, East Stroudsburg University 
Deidre Holland, MPH, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey  
School of Public Health 

Crisis in the Making:  What’s Wrong with Pennsylvania Public Health      
Law .................................................................................................................... 23 

 John A. Bozza, JD, MA, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, Sixth Judicial 
District, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania  

Evidence That Young Children Are Falling Through the Safety Net: Policy 
Implications of Hunger and Poor Health in Pennsylvania ............................ 55 

Mariana Chilton, PhD, MPH, Drexel University School of Public Health 
Michelle Renee Chyatte, MPH, Drexel University School of Public Health 
Edward Gracely, PhD, Drexel University College of Medicine 

 

Part II.  Barriers to Building Local Public Health Capacity in 
Pennsylvania Counties 

Objecting to Public Health – Stories from Four Pennsylvania Counties ...... 83 

Dennis Gallagher, MA, MPA, Drexel University School of Public Health  
Jennifer Kolker, MPH, Drexel University School of Public Health 

Financial Analysis and Structural Considerations to the Problem of Rural 
Public Health in Pennsylvania ........................................................................ 99 

Alberto J.F. Cardelle, PhD, MPH, East Stroudsburg University 



 iii

 

Part III.  Innovations for Health Protection 

A Health Promoting Hospital: A Strategy in the Re-Design of the U.S.   
Health Care System  .................................................................................................125 

Matthew G. Masiello, MD, MPH, FAAP, Windber Medical Center and Windber 
Research Institute, and Health Promoting Hospital Consultants, LLC 

Credentialing of the Public Health Work Force ............................................ 137 

Bernard D. Goldstein, MD, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public 
Health and National Board of Public Health Examiners 

Pennsylvania Medical Assistance:  Connections within the  
Commonwealth’s Public Health System ........................................................ 163 

Judith R. Lave, PhD, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health 
Margaret A. Potter, JD, MS, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public 
Health 



 iv

About the Authors 

 

John A. Bozza, JD, MA, is Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, Sixth 
Judicial District, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and formerly President 
Judge.  He is also a faculty member at the National Judicial College, 
University of Nevada at Reno and the New Judges School of the 
Pennsylvania Supreme Court. Recently he was a member of the editorial 
board of the Pennsylvania Public Health Law Bench Book.  Prior to taking 
the bench Judge Bozza served as an Associate Professor of Criminal Justice 
at Gannon University. 
 
Alberto J.F. Cardelle, PhD, MPH, is an Associate Professor of Health and 
currently serves as chair of the Health Studies Department and faculty 
assistant to the Provost and President of East Stroudsburg University. He has 
served as interim Vice-Provost and Dean of the Graduate School.  Dr. 
Cardelle earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Biology and Latin 
American Studies at Tulane University, his master degree in Public Health 
from Boston University, and his Doctorate in International Studies with a 
concentration in comparative health policy from the University of Miami.  
 
Mariana Chilton, PhD, MPH, is an Assistant Professor at the Drexel 
University School of Public Health and the Principal Investigator for The 
Philadelphia GROW Project – a nutrition and growth initiative for children 
and their families (www.growproject.org).  She is Co-Principal Investigator 
of the Children’s Sentinel Nutrition Assessment Program (www.C-
SNAP.org). Dr. Chilton investigates the health impacts of hunger and food 
insecurity among young children aged zero to three. 
 
Michelle Renee Chyatte, MPH, is a doctoral candidate at the Drexel 
University School of Public Health.  She has her BS in journalism from Kent 
State University and MPH from the Consortium of Eastern Ohio Master of 
Public Health. Prior to entering public health, she worked as a reporter for 
NPR focusing on health policy and politics.   
 
Dennis Gallagher, MA, MPA, is an Associate Professor of Health 
Management and Policy at the Drexel University School of Public Health. 
Prior to coming to Drexel, Mr. Gallagher had a 27-year career with the U.S. 
Department of Health and Human Services in management and policy 
positions.  Mr. Gallagher was the principal investigator on Drexel’s studies 
to assess the feasibility of creating departments of public health in York and 
Dauphin Counties, Pennsylvania.  
 



 v

 
Bernard D. Goldstein, MD, is Professor of Environmental and 
Occupational Health and the former Dean of the University of Pittsburgh’s 
Graduate School of Public Health. He is a physician, board certified in 
Internal Medicine, Hematology and Toxicology and a member of the 
Institute of Medicine (IOM), the American Society for Clinical 
Investigation, and the Collegium Ramazzini. He is Executive Director and 
former chair of the National Board of Public Health Examiners.   
 
Edward Gracely, PhD, received his doctorate in Quantitative Psychology 
from Temple University in 1986 and has been a faculty member at MCP, 
now Drexel University, in the College of Medicine, since then.  His research 
expertise includes the logic of multiple comparisons, statistics education, 
and ethical philosophy. He serves on the editorial boards of both Pain and 
Pain Medicine. 
 
Deidre J. Holland, MPH, is an Instructor and Fieldwork Coordinator for 
the Graduate School of Public Health at the University of Medicine and 
Dentistry of New Jersey. She earned her Bachelor of Science in Health 
Education and her Master of Public Health from East Stroudsburg 
University. Previously, Ms. Holland was at the Sussex County Department 
of Health and Human Services as the Practice Standards Partnership 
Coordinator under the Local Core Capacity Infrastructure for Public Health 
Emergency Preparedness grant and served as Chairperson of the County’s 
Community Health Partnership.  
 
Jennifer Kolker, MPH, is an Assistant Professor of Health Management 
and Policy at the Drexel University School of Public Health.  Formerly, Ms. 
Kolker was the Assistant Director of Policy and Planning for the 
Philadelphia Department of Public Health and a Senior Policy Consultant for 
Public Works, LLC, a public policy consulting firm.  Ms. Kolker was the 
principal investigator on Drexel’s studies to assess the feasibility of creating 
departments of public health in Lancaster and Berks Counties, 
Pennsylvania.  
 
Judith R. Lave, PhD, is Professor of Health Economics, Department Chair 
of Health Policy and Management, Director of the Health Administration 
Program, Director of the Pennsylvania Medicaid Policy Center at the 
University of Pittsburgh, and co-director of the Center for Research on 
Health Care at the University of Pittsburgh. She received her PhD in 
economics from Harvard University. She was elected to the Institute of 
Medicine of the National Academy of Science and the National Academy 
for Social Insurance and is a distinguished fellow of AcademyHealth. She is 



 vi

on the Technical Advisory Group for the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost 
Containment Council. She is the author of more than 140 scientific 
publications. 
 
Matthew G. Masiello, MD, MPH, is Director, Center for Health Promotion 
and Disease Prevention, Windber Research Institute and Windber Medical 
Center. He also serves as Project Coordinator (U.S.) International Health 
Promoting Hospital Network, World Health Organization Collaborative 
Center (WHO-CC) Copenhagen, Denmark. 
 
Margaret A. Potter, JD, MS, is at the University of Pittsburgh holding 
positions in the Graduate School of Public Health as Associate Dean for 
Public Health Practice, Director of the Center for Public Health Practice, and 
Associate Professor of Health Policy and Management.  Her professional 
interests include capacity building for public health at the state and local 
levels, training for the public health workforce, and enhancing public and 
private systems for emergency preparedness and disaster response.  



 vii

PREFACE 
 
“A Symposium on Public Health in Pennsylvania” is the first policy issue of 
Commonwealth.  It is the fruit of a strong and productive partnership between 
the Pennsylvania Political Science Association and the Legislative Office for 
Research Liaison of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives (LORL). In this 
partnership, LORL has been given responsibility for developing policy issues of 
Commonwealth using the expertise of faculty members at the more than 100 
colleges and universities affiliated with LORL and experts from government and 
private industry.  
 
We are deeply indebted to Margaret A. Potter, JD, MS, Associate Dean and 
Director, Center for Public Health Practice, University of Pittsburgh Graduate 
School of Public Health, who served as the editor of this Symposium.  Her 
previous service to the state executive and legislature includes a year-long stint 
as a LORL Visiting Scholar and many joint policy projects between LORL and 
the School of Public Health at Pitt.  Ms. Potter presently is a University of 
Pittsburgh Faculty Associate in LORL. 
 
The authors of the articles in this Symposium were drawn from the academic, 
practitioner and consultive communities in public health and from the judiciary.  
Although the contributors were diverse, they were subjected to the same 
substantive and methodological standards.   
 
Because this is a policy issue, the authors were asked to go beyond their basic 
findings and to offer policy recommendations derived from their research.  
These conclusions and recommendations belong to the authors alone and do not 
necessarily reflect the position, if any, of the Pennsylvania Political Science 
Association, LORL or the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. 
 
Special thanks are due to Barbara Stone, LORL Research Analyst, who did the 
proofreading and layout work for this volume, and to the House Republican 
Print Shop, especially Bill Lang and Bill Laughlin, for production and printing. 
 

Michael R. King, PhD 

Associate Editor for Policy Issues 
and 

Executive Director, LORL 
 



 viii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
 
 

COMMONWEALTH:  A Journal of Political Science Policy Issue 

“A Symposium on Public Health in Pennsylvania” 

 
      Associate Editor for Policy Issues: Michael R. King, LORL 
 
      Special Issue Editor: Margaret A. Potter 
 University of Pittsburgh 
 School of Public Health 
 
      Editorial Assistant: Barbara Stone, LORL 
 
 

PEER REVIEWERS 

Michael P. Allswede, Conemaugh Memorial Medical Center 

Lisa Bowleg, Drexel University  

Gail S. Cairns, University of Pittsburgh  

Virginia M. Dato, University of Pittsburgh  

Rosemarie O’Malley Halt, Working Group for a Delaware County Health 
Department 

Christopher Keane, University of Pittsburgh  

Michael King, Legislative Office for Research Liaison 

Chyongchiou J. Lin, University of Pittsburgh  

Beaufort B. Longest, Jr., University of Pittsburgh  

Gene W. Matthews, University of North Carolina/Chapel Hill  

Prahlad Murthy, Wilkes University 

Craig Newschaffer, Drexel University  

Wade Seibert, Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education   

Steven E. Shive, East Stroudsburg University 

Samuel Stebbins, University of Pittsburgh  

Marleen A. Troy, Wilkes University 

C. Reynold Verret, Wilkes University 



 ix

PENNSYLVANIA POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION 

Officers and Executive Council 

2008-09 
 

PRESIDENT 
Paula Holoviak 

Kutztown University 
FIRST VICE PRESIDENT 
Stanley Berard 
Lock Haven University 
 
TREASURER 
Thomas Brogan 
Albright College 
 

SECOND VICE PRESIDENT 
Brooke Harlowe 

Lock Haven University 
 

SECRETARY & WEBMASTER 
Fran Moran 

New Jersey City University 

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 
 

 2006-2009 Term  
Michael R. King 
Legislative Office for Research Liaison (LORL) 
PA House of Representatives 

Steven Peterson 
Penn State - Harrisburg 

 2007-2010 Term  
Joseph Rish 
King’s College 

 Michael Dillon 
LaSalle University 

 2008-2011 Term  
Kyle Kreider 
Wilkes University 

 Joseph Melusky 
St. Francis University 

 
 

 EX OFFICIO MEMBERS  
PAST PRESIDENT 
Thomas J. Baldino 
Wilkes University 

 PAST PRESIDENT 
Joseph Melusky 

St. Francis University 

 
 EDITORIAL STAFF OF  

COMMONWEALTH:  A JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 
 

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF 
Gerard J. Fitzpatrick 

Ursinus College 
ASSOCIATE EDITOR & 
BOOK REVIEW EDITOR 
Thomas J. Baldino 
Wilkes University 
 

ASSOCIATE EDITOR & 
SPECIAL ISSUE EDITOR 

Michael R. King 
LORL, PA House of Representatives 

ASSOCIATE EDITOR  
FOR POLITICAL THEORY 
Donald G. Tannenbaum 
Gettysburg College 

MANAGING EDITOR 
Michael Cassidy 

Office of the Democratic Caucus 
Chairman, PA House of Representatives 



 x

LEGISLATIVE OFFICE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (LORL) 
Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Harrisburg, PA  17120-2218 

 
 

Hon. Dennis M.O’Brien 
The Speaker of the House of Representatives 

 
Hon. H. William DeWeese 
The Majority Leader 
 
Hon. Keith R. McCall 
The Majority Whip 

 
 

 
Hon. Samuel H. Smith 

The Minority Leader 
 

Hon. David G. Argall 
The Minority Whip 

 

 
2007 - 2008 LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (LCRL) 

 
Hon. James R. Roebuck, Jr. 
LORL Committee Chair 
 
Hon. David G. Argall 
LORL Committee Secretary 
 
Hon. Kate Harper 
 
Paul S. Cribbens, Esq. 
Assistant V.P. of Government & Community  
Affairs and the Director of the Office of  
Commonwealth Relations 
University of Pennsylvania 
 

Hon. Samuel H. Smith 
Republican Leader 

 
Hon. Marc J. Gergely 

 
Hon. Stephen P. Samuelson 

 
 Dr. Richard L. Rosen 

Associate Professor 
History & Politics Department 

Drexel University 
 

Dr. Michael R. King 
LORL Executive Director 

 
 

2007 - 2008 UNIVERSITY COMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (UCRL) 
 

Dr. Richard L. Rosen 
Associate Professor of History and Politics 
Drexel University 
 
Dr. Grant D. Venerable, II 
Vice President for Academic Affairs 
Lincoln University 
 
Dr. Richard DiEugenio 
Special Assistant to the President  
    for Governmental Affairs 
The Pennsylvania State University 
 
Dr. Michael G. Hagan 
Director, Institute for Public Affairs 
Temple University 

 

Dr. George E. Klinzing 
Vice Provost for Research 

University of Pittsburgh 
 

Dr. James Moran 
Associate Vice Chancellor for 
Academic and Student Affairs 

PA State System of Higher Education 
 

Mr. Ronald Uroda 
Vice President for Research 

AICUP 
 

Dr. Andrew Rudczynski 
Associate Vice President of Finance and 
Executive Director of Research Services 

University of Pennsylvania 


