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Published
JOINTLY by

THE PENNSYLVANIA 
POLITICAL SCIENCE 
ASSOCIATION

AND

THE LEGISLATIVE OFFICE 
FOR RESEARCH LIAISON

PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF 
REPRESENTATIVES

COMMONWEALTH

 of political
    science

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MARCH 2007 • VOLUME 13

The Pennsylvania Political 

Science Association (PPSA) 

was founded in 1939 to 

further scholarship

within the discipline.

The Legislative Office for 

Research Liaison (LORL) 

was founded in 1976 by 

the Pennsylvania House of 

Representatives to provide 

research linkage to the 

academic community.

a journal



 

COMMMONWEALTH: A Journal of Political Science 
 
 

EDITOR IN CHIEF: Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Ursinus College 
 
ASSOCIATE EDITORS:  Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University                     
                Donald G. Tannenbaum, Gettysburg College 
        Michael R. King, Legislative Office for Research 
                         Liaison, PA House of Representatives 
 
BOOK REVIEW EDITOR: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University 
 
MANAGING EDITOR:   Michael E. Cassidy, Office of the Democratic  
          Caucus Chairman, PA House of Representatives 
 

EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD 
 
Aryeh Botwinick  
Temple University 
 
M. Margaret Conway  
University of Florida  
 
Roger H. Davidson 
University of Maryland 
 
Jean B. Elshtain 
University of Chicago 
 
Richard F. Fenno 
University of Rochester 
 
Marianne Githens 
Goucher College 
 
Susan W. Hammond 
American University 
 
Samuel Krislov 
University of Minnesota 
 
G. Calvin Mackenzie 
Colby College 
 

Michael J. Malbin 
State University of NY, Albany 
 
Harvey C. Mansfield, Jr. 
Harvard University 
 
Kenneth F. Mott 
Gettysburg College 
 
Craig N. Murphy 
Wellesley College 
 
Steven A. Peterson 
Pennsylvania State University 
 
Mark P. Petracca 
University of California, Irvine 
 
H. Mark Roelofs 
New York University 
 
Bruce M. Russett 
Yale University 
 
J. David Singer 
University of Michigan 

 
 
 

i 



 

Contents 
 

Volume 13                                                         2007 
                                  ISBN 0890-2410 

 
PREFACE by Speaker Dennis O’Brien 
 
In the COMMONWEALTH by Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Editor 
 
ARTICLES 
 
Thomas Aquinas and the Overlapping Census 
 
  Daniel DiLeo……….…………………………… 1 

 
From Realism to Liberalism: George W. Bush’s Rhetorical 

 Foreign  Policy Transition, 1999-2004 
    

Nathan Shrader…………………………………23 
 

What’s Local about Local Television News? An Analysis of 
 2004 Election Coverage by Philadelphia’s Local Television 
 Stations 

  
 Matthew Hale…………………………..………45 

 
A Tale of Two Cities Revisited: The Mayoral Election of 2003 

    
 Jeffrey Kraus……………………………………79 

 
Demographic and Family Differences in Use of Early 

 Childhood Care and Education in Pennsylvania: A 2002 
 baseline 

  
 Marsha Weintraub, Anne B. Shlay and 

Anita Kochanoff……………………………….103 
 

BOOK REVIEWS..…………….………………………………...133 
 
 

ii 



 

BOOK REVIEWS 
 
Bissinger, H.G. (Buzz). A Prayer for the City. 
  Michael Butchko 

 
Branning, Rosalind. Pennsylvania Constitutional Development. 
  Kyle L. Kreider 

 
Carocci, Vincent P. A Capitol Journey: Reflections on the 
 Press, Politics, and the Making of Public Policy in 
 Pennsylvania. 

  Harold Cox 
 

Clarke, Thomas M. Front-Page Pittsburgh: Two Hundred 
 Years of the Post-Gazette. 

  Andrea Breemer Frantz 
 

Glasco, Laurence A. The WPA History of the Negro in 
 Pittsburgh. 

  John H. Hepp, IV 
 

Hoerr, John. Harry, Tom, and Father Rice: Accusation and 
 Betrayal in America’s Cold War. 

  Andrew P. Miller 
 

Kennedy, John J. Pennsylvania Elections: Statewide Contests 
 From 1950–2004. 

  Thomas J. Baldino 
 

Lyons, Paul. The People of this Generation: The Rise and Fall 
  of the New Left in Philadelphia. 

 Barbara Ferman 
 

McLarnon III, John M. Ruling Suburbia: John J. McClure and 
 the Republican Machine in Delaware County, 
 Pennsylvania. 

  Craig M. Wheeland 
 

iii 



 

 Schuyler, David. A City Transformed: Redevelopment,  
  Race, and Suburbanization in Lancaster,  
  Pennsylvania 1940–1980. 

   Michael Butchko 
 

 Tarr, Joel A. Devastation and Renewal: An Environmental 
  History of Pittsburgh and Its Region. 

  Thomas C. Brogan 
 

 Ward, Matthew C. Breaking the Backcountry: The Seven 
  Years’ War in Virginia and Pennsylvania, 1754– 
  1765. 

   Diane Wenger 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
iv 



 

About the Authors 
 
Daniel DiLeo, Ph.D., is an associate professor of political science at Penn 
State Altoona. He has published articles in COMMONWEALTH and State and 
Local Government Review on the policy agendas and rhetoric of America’s 
governors. He is currently investigating the connections between Aristotle’s 
ontology and his biological and political theory. 

 
Matthew Hale, Ph.D., is an assistant professor at Seton Hall University, in the 
Department of Public and Healthcare Administration. He received his doctoral 
degree from the School of Policy, Planning, and Development at the 
University of Southern California. In addition to his academic work on local 
television and elections, he has written extensively on the use of web pages by 
municipalities and neighborhood organizations. 

 
Anita T. Kochanoff, Ph.D., is an assistant professor of psychology at Arizona 
State University. She received her doctoral degree from George Mason 
University. Her research has focused on early social-emotional development. 

 
Jeffrey Kraus, Ph.D., is Professor and Chair of the Department of 
Government and Politics at Wagner College in Staten Island, NY. His primary 
research interests are urban politics and campaigns and elections. 

 
Anne B. Shlay, Ph.D., is Professor of Sociology and Geography and Urban 
Studies at Temple University. She received her doctoral degree from the 
University of Massachusetts/Amherst. Her research interests include the 
effects of low income homeownership, the role of child care subsidies in 
impeding child care, and employment opportunities for people leaving the 
welfare rolls. 

 
Nathan Shrader, M.A., is Communications Director at the American 
Beverage Institute in Washington, D.C. Previously, he served as Deputy 
Director of Communications and Legislative Affairs Coordinator for former 
Pennsylvania Lieutenant Governor Catherine Baker Knoll. He received his 
master’s degree in political science from Suffolk University. 

 
Marsha Weinraub, Ph.D., is a Laura H. Carnell Professor of Psychology and 
Director of the Developmental Graduate Training Program at Temple 
University. She received her doctoral degree from the University of Michigan. 
A Fellow of the American Psychological Association and a Charter Member 
and Fellow of the American Psychological Society, she has published widely 
in the areas of infant attachment, gender role development, and family 
interactions. 

v 



 

 
 

Acknowledgments 
 
COMMONWEALTH will print free of charge camera-ready 

official announcements of up to one page from the American 
Political Science Association, the Northeastern Political Science 
Association, and other organizations whose journals provide 
corresponding privileges to PPSA.   

 
Advertising, reprint information, and rates are available from 

the PPSA Treasurer, Dr. Thomas Brogan (Department of Political 
Science, Albright College, P.O. Box 15234, Reading, PA 19612-
5234) or COMMONWEALTH Associate Editor, Dr. Michael R. 
King (Executive Director, Legislative Office for Research Liaison, 
P.O. Box 202218, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, 
Harrisburg, PA 17120-2218). Changes of address should be sent to 
Dr. Brogan. 

 
Copyright 2007 by the Pennsylvania Political Science 

Association and the Legislative Office for Research Liaison, 
Pennsylvania House of Representatives ISSN 0890-2410. Printed 
by the Pennsylvania House of Representatives with assistance from 
the Democratic and Republican caucuses. Copyright on volumes 
published prior to 2007 are held by the Pennsylvania Political 
Science Association.  

 
The editors would like to thank Harold Cox of Wilkes 

University for his many years of service as the Managing Editor of 
COMMONWEALTH. Sincere thanks for production assistance on 
this issue are due to the House Democratic Caucus Office of 
Legislative Publications especially Clayton Dressler, Elizabeth 
Wilson, and June Shirk (cover design). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 vi 



 

 
 

THE PENNSYLVANIA POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION 
 
OFFICERS 
 
President 
Thomas J. Baldino 
Wilkes University 
                          

First Vice President 
Paula Holoviak 
Kutztown University 
 
Second Vice President 
Stanley Berard 
Lock Haven University 
  
  
Treasurer 
Thomas Brogran  
Albright College 
 
Secretary 
Francis Moran 
New Jersey City 
University 

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 
 
2004-2007 
Michael Cassidy 
PA House of Representatives 
 
Joseph Rish 
King’s College 
 
2005-2008 
Jeffrey Burnham 
Lock Haven University 
 
Bridget Jeffrey 
Edinboro University 
 
2006-2009 
Michael R. King 
LORL 
PA House of Representatives 
 
Joseph Brogan 
LaSalle University 

 
    

EX OFFICIO MEMBERS 
 
The Editorial Staff of COMMONWEALTH 
 
Past President 
Joseph A. Melusky 
St. Francis University 
 
 
 

 
 
 

LEGISLATIVE OFFICE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (LORL) vii 



 

 

Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Harrisburg, PA 17120-2218 
 

Hon. Dennis M. O’Brien 
The Speaker 

 
Hon. H. William DeWeese  
The Majority Leader 
 
Hon. Keith R. McCall  
The Majority Whip 
 

Hon. Samuel H. Smith 
The Minority Leader 

 
Hon. David G. Argall 

The Minority Whip 

 
2005–06 LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (LCRL) 

(As of this printing, committee members for the 2007-08 legislative session have not yet been appointed.)
 

Hon. Teresa E. Forcier 
LORL Co-Chair 
 
Hon. Rod E. Wilt 
LORL Committee Secretary 
 
Hon. Kate Harper 
 
Joseph McLaughlin 
Assistant Dean for External Affairs 
College of Liberal Arts 
Temple University 

 

 
Hon. James R. Roebuck, Jr. 

LORL Co-Chair 
 

Hon. P. Michael Sturla 
 

Hon. Marc J. Gergely 
 

Mary Young 
Vice President for 

 Government Relations 
Association of Independent Colleges and 

Universities of Pennsylvania (AICUP) 

Michael R. King,  
Executive Director 

 
 

UNIVERSITY COMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (UCRL) 
 
Richard L. Rosen  
Associate Professor of History and 
Politics 
Drexel University 
 
Grant D. Venerable, II 
Vice President for Academic Affairs 
Lincoln University 
 
Richard DiEugeneio 
Special Assistant to the President  
for Governmental Affairs 
The Pennsylvania State University 
 
Michael G. Hagan  
Director, Institute for Public Affairs 
Temple University 

 
Andrew Rudczynski 

Associate Vice President of Finance and 

Executive Director of Research Services 
University of Pennsylvania 

 
George E. Klinzing 

Vice Provost for Research 
University of Pittsburgh 

 
James Moran 

Associate Vice Chancellor for Academic  
and Student Affairs 

PA State System of Higher 
Education 

 
Ronald Uroda 

Vice President for Research 
AICUP

viii 



 

 

In Memoriam 
 

COMMONWEALTH regrets to note the death on February 22, 2006 of 
one of the Pennsylvania Political Science Association’s senior members, 
Dr. John “Jack” Hopkirk who was 79. Dr. Gordon Henderson of Widener 
University graciously provided the following reflections. 

 
Jack earned his B.A. from Swarthmore College and his M.A. and 

Ph.D. from Princeton University. In 1960 he joined Widener University, 
then Pennsylvania Military College (PMC), as an assistant professor of 
political science specializing in American government and constitutional 
law. Before that he taught at Harper College and served as chief of the 
Personnel Training Section of the New York State Health Department in 
Albany. 

  
As chair of Widener’s Liberal Arts Division, Jack was instrumental in 

the creation of several new academic departments. He also helped in 
establishing the College of Nursing. He represented the college as a 
member of the Greater Chester Movement, and he ran a college-sponsored 
program to find housing for families displaced by urban renewal. He 
participated in an institute for race relations for teachers in Chester 
schools, and he directed an interdisciplinary institute on urban affairs. 
During his tenure as head of the Liberal Arts Division, the first African-
American professor was hired at the college.  

  
Jack served as President of the Pennsylvania Political Science 

Association and vice-president of the Northeastern Political Science 
Association. He was a long-time member of the board of the Philadelphia 
Chapter of the American Society for Public Administration. In fact, he met 
his wife of 48 years, Priscilla, in 1954 at that body’s annual meeting. They 
would both come to teach political science, Jack at PMC/Widener, and 
Priscilla at Villanova. 

 
Jack had a passion for Supreme Court decisions. His constitutional 

law classes brought to life the intrigue behind seemingly mundane legal 
disputes. He believed that governmental decisions were the outcome of 
complex personal, political, and institutional interactions and that one 
must look beyond official and media explanations to find an accurate 
account. Jack carried this conviction into retirement when he and Priscilla 
devoted themselves to a study of the 60 year long political saga 
surrounding the planning and construction of the “Blue Route” linking the 
Pennsylvania Turnpike with Interstate 95. 

 

ix 



 

 

Jack was an unrepentant story-teller. This came in handy when he and 
Priscilla, blissfully retired, began to tour the globe with trips to England, 
France, Egypt, India, China, Japan, and New Zealand as well as cruises of 
the Mediterranean and along the coasts of Africa and South America. The 
Hopkirks also allowed themselves plenty of time to indulge their other 
shared passion: ballroom dancing. 

 
My colleagues and I knew Jack as a man with a heart of gold. His 

compassion for individuals, groups, and entire communities is reflected 
not only in his record of public service but also in the many kindnesses he 
did for so many of his friends, neighbors, and colleagues. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

x 



 

 

 
 

Dennis M. O’Brien 
The Speaker 

House of Representatives 
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 

 
 
I am very pleased to write a preface for this volume of 

COMMONWEALTH: A JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE. While this is the 
thirteenth edition of the journal published by the Pennsylvania Political 
Science Association (PPSA), it represents the first joint venture between 
the PPSA and the Legislative Office for Research Liaison (LORL)—the 
non-partisan research liaison office of the House of Representatives. 

 
I feel that the legislature will benefit from this venture in a number of 

ways. First, it will encourage more scholarly research on state and local 
government in Pennsylvania and the region. Second, this joint venture will 
help build stronger ties between the General Assembly and college and 
university faculty in the Commonwealth, many of whom assist the 
legislative process by responding to specific LORL inquiries, participating 
in policy seminars and committee meetings, and generally assisting with 
policy analysis on an informal basis.  

 
It is my hope that this venture will lead to other cooperative 

endeavors as LORL expands its interaction with the university community 
in order to better serve this House and the people of Pennsylvania. 

 
I send best wishes for future success of the journal to the editorial 

staff, authors and readers. 
 

 
Dennis M. O’Brien 

 
 
 
 

xi 


