Microsoft Word - journal commonwealth 2007 FINAL 0307.doc Published JOINTLY by THE PENNSYLVANIA POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION AND THE LEGISLATIVE OFFICE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMONWEALTH of political science M A R C H 2007 • C O M M O N W EA LT H : a jo u r n a l o f po lit ic a l sc ien c e • ppsa /lo r l MARCH 2007 • VOLUME 13 The Pennsylvania Political Science Association (PPSA) was founded in 1939 to further scholarship within the discipline. The Legislative Office for Research Liaison (LORL) was founded in 1976 by the Pennsylvania House of Representatives to provide research linkage to the academic community. a journal COMMMONWEALTH: A Journal of Political Science EDITOR IN CHIEF: Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Ursinus College ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University Donald G. Tannenbaum, Gettysburg College Michael R. King, Legislative Office for Research Liaison, PA House of Representatives BOOK REVIEW EDITOR: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University MANAGING EDITOR: Michael E. Cassidy, Office of the Democratic Caucus Chairman, PA House of Representatives EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD Aryeh Botwinick Temple University M. Margaret Conway University of Florida Roger H. Davidson University of Maryland Jean B. Elshtain University of Chicago Richard F. Fenno University of Rochester Marianne Githens Goucher College Susan W. Hammond American University Samuel Krislov University of Minnesota G. Calvin Mackenzie Colby College Michael J. Malbin State University of NY, Albany Harvey C. Mansfield, Jr. Harvard University Kenneth F. Mott Gettysburg College Craig N. Murphy Wellesley College Steven A. Peterson Pennsylvania State University Mark P. Petracca University of California, Irvine H. Mark Roelofs New York University Bruce M. Russett Yale University J. David Singer University of Michigan i Contents Volume 13 2007 ISBN 0890-2410 PREFACE by Speaker Dennis O’Brien In the COMMONWEALTH by Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Editor ARTICLES Thomas Aquinas and the Overlapping Census Daniel DiLeo……….…………………………… 1 From Realism to Liberalism: George W. Bush’s Rhetorical Foreign Policy Transition, 1999-2004 Nathan Shrader…………………………………23 What’s Local about Local Television News? An Analysis of 2004 Election Coverage by Philadelphia’s Local Television Stations Matthew Hale…………………………..………45 A Tale of Two Cities Revisited: The Mayoral Election of 2003 Jeffrey Kraus……………………………………79 Demographic and Family Differences in Use of Early Childhood Care and Education in Pennsylvania: A 2002 baseline Marsha Weintraub, Anne B. Shlay and Anita Kochanoff……………………………….103 BOOK REVIEWS..…………….………………………………...133 ii BOOK REVIEWS Bissinger, H.G. (Buzz). A Prayer for the City. Michael Butchko Branning, Rosalind. Pennsylvania Constitutional Development. Kyle L. Kreider Carocci, Vincent P. A Capitol Journey: Reflections on the Press, Politics, and the Making of Public Policy in Pennsylvania. Harold Cox Clarke, Thomas M. Front-Page Pittsburgh: Two Hundred Years of the Post-Gazette. Andrea Breemer Frantz Glasco, Laurence A. The WPA History of the Negro in Pittsburgh. John H. Hepp, IV Hoerr, John. Harry, Tom, and Father Rice: Accusation and Betrayal in America’s Cold War. Andrew P. Miller Kennedy, John J. Pennsylvania Elections: Statewide Contests From 1950–2004. Thomas J. Baldino Lyons, Paul. The People of this Generation: The Rise and Fall of the New Left in Philadelphia. Barbara Ferman McLarnon III, John M. Ruling Suburbia: John J. McClure and the Republican Machine in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Craig M. Wheeland iii Schuyler, David. A City Transformed: Redevelopment, Race, and Suburbanization in Lancaster, Pennsylvania 1940–1980. Michael Butchko Tarr, Joel A. Devastation and Renewal: An Environmental History of Pittsburgh and Its Region. Thomas C. Brogan Ward, Matthew C. Breaking the Backcountry: The Seven Years’ War in Virginia and Pennsylvania, 1754– 1765. Diane Wenger iv About the Authors Daniel DiLeo, Ph.D., is an associate professor of political science at Penn State Altoona. He has published articles in COMMONWEALTH and State and Local Government Review on the policy agendas and rhetoric of America’s governors. He is currently investigating the connections between Aristotle’s ontology and his biological and political theory. Matthew Hale, Ph.D., is an assistant professor at Seton Hall University, in the Department of Public and Healthcare Administration. He received his doctoral degree from the School of Policy, Planning, and Development at the University of Southern California. In addition to his academic work on local television and elections, he has written extensively on the use of web pages by municipalities and neighborhood organizations. Anita T. Kochanoff, Ph.D., is an assistant professor of psychology at Arizona State University. She received her doctoral degree from George Mason University. Her research has focused on early social-emotional development. Jeffrey Kraus, Ph.D., is Professor and Chair of the Department of Government and Politics at Wagner College in Staten Island, NY. His primary research interests are urban politics and campaigns and elections. Anne B. Shlay, Ph.D., is Professor of Sociology and Geography and Urban Studies at Temple University. She received her doctoral degree from the University of Massachusetts/Amherst. Her research interests include the effects of low income homeownership, the role of child care subsidies in impeding child care, and employment opportunities for people leaving the welfare rolls. Nathan Shrader, M.A., is Communications Director at the American Beverage Institute in Washington, D.C. Previously, he served as Deputy Director of Communications and Legislative Affairs Coordinator for former Pennsylvania Lieutenant Governor Catherine Baker Knoll. He received his master’s degree in political science from Suffolk University. Marsha Weinraub, Ph.D., is a Laura H. Carnell Professor of Psychology and Director of the Developmental Graduate Training Program at Temple University. She received her doctoral degree from the University of Michigan. A Fellow of the American Psychological Association and a Charter Member and Fellow of the American Psychological Society, she has published widely in the areas of infant attachment, gender role development, and family interactions. v Acknowledgments COMMONWEALTH will print free of charge camera-ready official announcements of up to one page from the American Political Science Association, the Northeastern Political Science Association, and other organizations whose journals provide corresponding privileges to PPSA. Advertising, reprint information, and rates are available from the PPSA Treasurer, Dr. Thomas Brogan (Department of Political Science, Albright College, P.O. Box 15234, Reading, PA 19612- 5234) or COMMONWEALTH Associate Editor, Dr. Michael R. King (Executive Director, Legislative Office for Research Liaison, P.O. Box 202218, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Harrisburg, PA 17120-2218). Changes of address should be sent to Dr. Brogan. Copyright 2007 by the Pennsylvania Political Science Association and the Legislative Office for Research Liaison, Pennsylvania House of Representatives ISSN 0890-2410. Printed by the Pennsylvania House of Representatives with assistance from the Democratic and Republican caucuses. Copyright on volumes published prior to 2007 are held by the Pennsylvania Political Science Association. The editors would like to thank Harold Cox of Wilkes University for his many years of service as the Managing Editor of COMMONWEALTH. Sincere thanks for production assistance on this issue are due to the House Democratic Caucus Office of Legislative Publications especially Clayton Dressler, Elizabeth Wilson, and June Shirk (cover design). vi THE PENNSYLVANIA POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION OFFICERS President Thomas J. Baldino Wilkes University First Vice President Paula Holoviak Kutztown University Second Vice President Stanley Berard Lock Haven University Treasurer Thomas Brogran Albright College Secretary Francis Moran New Jersey City University EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 2004-2007 Michael Cassidy PA House of Representatives Joseph Rish King’s College 2005-2008 Jeffrey Burnham Lock Haven University Bridget Jeffrey Edinboro University 2006-2009 Michael R. King LORL PA House of Representatives Joseph Brogan LaSalle University EX OFFICIO MEMBERS The Editorial Staff of COMMONWEALTH Past President Joseph A. Melusky St. Francis University LEGISLATIVE OFFICE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (LORL) vii Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Harrisburg, PA 17120-2218 Hon. Dennis M. O’Brien The Speaker Hon. H. William DeWeese The Majority Leader Hon. Keith R. McCall The Majority Whip Hon. Samuel H. Smith The Minority Leader Hon. David G. Argall The Minority Whip 2005–06 LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (LCRL) (As of this printing, committee members for the 2007-08 legislative session have not yet been appointed.) Hon. Teresa E. Forcier LORL Co-Chair Hon. Rod E. Wilt LORL Committee Secretary Hon. Kate Harper Joseph McLaughlin Assistant Dean for External Affairs College of Liberal Arts Temple University Hon. James R. Roebuck, Jr. LORL Co-Chair Hon. P. Michael Sturla Hon. Marc J. Gergely Mary Young Vice President for Government Relations Association of Independent Colleges and Universities of Pennsylvania (AICUP) Michael R. King, Executive Director UNIVERSITY COMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH LIAISON (UCRL) Richard L. Rosen Associate Professor of History and Politics Drexel University Grant D. Venerable, II Vice President for Academic Affairs Lincoln University Richard DiEugeneio Special Assistant to the President for Governmental Affairs The Pennsylvania State University Michael G. Hagan Director, Institute for Public Affairs Temple University Andrew Rudczynski Associate Vice President of Finance and Executive Director of Research Services University of Pennsylvania George E. Klinzing Vice Provost for Research University of Pittsburgh James Moran Associate Vice Chancellor for Academic and Student Affairs PA State System of Higher Education Ronald Uroda Vice President for Research AICUP viii In Memoriam COMMONWEALTH regrets to note the death on February 22, 2006 of one of the Pennsylvania Political Science Association’s senior members, Dr. John “Jack” Hopkirk who was 79. Dr. Gordon Henderson of Widener University graciously provided the following reflections. Jack earned his B.A. from Swarthmore College and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Princeton University. In 1960 he joined Widener University, then Pennsylvania Military College (PMC), as an assistant professor of political science specializing in American government and constitutional law. Before that he taught at Harper College and served as chief of the Personnel Training Section of the New York State Health Department in Albany. As chair of Widener’s Liberal Arts Division, Jack was instrumental in the creation of several new academic departments. He also helped in establishing the College of Nursing. He represented the college as a member of the Greater Chester Movement, and he ran a college-sponsored program to find housing for families displaced by urban renewal. He participated in an institute for race relations for teachers in Chester schools, and he directed an interdisciplinary institute on urban affairs. During his tenure as head of the Liberal Arts Division, the first African- American professor was hired at the college. Jack served as President of the Pennsylvania Political Science Association and vice-president of the Northeastern Political Science Association. He was a long-time member of the board of the Philadelphia Chapter of the American Society for Public Administration. In fact, he met his wife of 48 years, Priscilla, in 1954 at that body’s annual meeting. They would both come to teach political science, Jack at PMC/Widener, and Priscilla at Villanova. Jack had a passion for Supreme Court decisions. His constitutional law classes brought to life the intrigue behind seemingly mundane legal disputes. He believed that governmental decisions were the outcome of complex personal, political, and institutional interactions and that one must look beyond official and media explanations to find an accurate account. Jack carried this conviction into retirement when he and Priscilla devoted themselves to a study of the 60 year long political saga surrounding the planning and construction of the “Blue Route” linking the Pennsylvania Turnpike with Interstate 95. ix Jack was an unrepentant story-teller. This came in handy when he and Priscilla, blissfully retired, began to tour the globe with trips to England, France, Egypt, India, China, Japan, and New Zealand as well as cruises of the Mediterranean and along the coasts of Africa and South America. The Hopkirks also allowed themselves plenty of time to indulge their other shared passion: ballroom dancing. My colleagues and I knew Jack as a man with a heart of gold. His compassion for individuals, groups, and entire communities is reflected not only in his record of public service but also in the many kindnesses he did for so many of his friends, neighbors, and colleagues. x Dennis M. O’Brien The Speaker House of Representatives Commonwealth of Pennsylvania I am very pleased to write a preface for this volume of COMMONWEALTH: A JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE. While this is the thirteenth edition of the journal published by the Pennsylvania Political Science Association (PPSA), it represents the first joint venture between the PPSA and the Legislative Office for Research Liaison (LORL)—the non-partisan research liaison office of the House of Representatives. I feel that the legislature will benefit from this venture in a number of ways. First, it will encourage more scholarly research on state and local government in Pennsylvania and the region. Second, this joint venture will help build stronger ties between the General Assembly and college and university faculty in the Commonwealth, many of whom assist the legislative process by responding to specific LORL inquiries, participating in policy seminars and committee meetings, and generally assisting with policy analysis on an informal basis. It is my hope that this venture will lead to other cooperative endeavors as LORL expands its interaction with the university community in order to better serve this House and the people of Pennsylvania. I send best wishes for future success of the journal to the editorial staff, authors and readers. Dennis M. O’Brien xi