ó COMMONWEALTH A Journal of Political Science 2003 Volume 12 ISSN 0890-2410 COMMONWEALTH: A Journal of Political Science EDITOR: Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Ursinus College ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Thomas J. Baldino, Wilkes University Donald G. Tannenbaum, Gettysburg College .MANAGING EDITOR: Harold Cox, Wilkes University EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD Aryeh Botwinick Temple University M. Margaret Conway University of Florida Roger H. Davidson Univprsity of Maryland Jean B. Elshtain University of Chicago Richard F. Fenno University of Rochester Marianne Githens Goucher College Susan W. Hammond American University -Samuel Krislov University of MiImesota G. Calvin Mackenzie Colby College Michael J. Malbin State University of NY, Albany Harvey C. Mansfield, Jr. Harvard University Kenneth F. Mott Gettysburg College Craig N. Murphy Wellesley College Steven A. Peterson Pennsylvania State University Mark P. Petracca University of California, Irvine H. Mark Roelofs New York University Bruce M. Russett Yale University J. David Singer University of Michigan Contents Volume 12 2003 ISBN 0890-2410 Idealism, Realism, and the Categorical Imperative in Kant's Perpetual Peace Gordon P. Henderson 1 The Five-Year Effect of NAFTA on Pennsylvania: An Analysis of Export Data Paul G. Kengor and R. C. Phinney 27 State Influence in the Presidential Selection Process: Assessing Pennsylvania's Non-Participation in the Frontloading Trend James E. Vike 51 Disappearing Democrats: Rethinking Partisanship Within Pennsylvania's Electorate Berwood Yost 77 SPECIAL FEATURE Looking Back on the Legislative Modernization Movement in Pennsyl­ vania: Remarks of Herbert Fineman, Former Speaker of the Pennsyl­ vania House of Representatives Introduction and Commentary by Michael Cassidy 87 About the Authors Michael Cassidy has over 25 years of service with the PA House of Rep­ resentatives, two of them as a Representative from Blair County in 1977- 78. He received n B.A. in Political Science from Pennsylvania SLaLe Uni­ versity and is currently enrolled in the graduate program in American Studies at Penn State-Harrisburg. His research interests include the de­ velopment of American legislatures and Pennsylvania politics. He has moderated the "Pennsylvania Politics Roundtable" at the Pennsylvania Political Science Association annual meetings since 1997. Gordon P. Henderson, Ph.D., is an associate professor of government and politics at Widener University. He received his doctoral degree from Purdue University. His teaching and research focus on the theory and practice of constitutional democracy. Paul G. Kengor, Ph.D., is an associate professor of political science at Grove City College. He received his master's degree in international affairs from thp School of International Service at American University and his doctorate in public and international affairs from the University of Pittsburgh's Graduate School of Public and International Affairs. His research interests include the presidency and foreign policy. His forth­ coming book, God and Ronald Reagan, will be published in 2004 by HarperCollins. R. C. Phinney is a policy analyst at the Shenango Institute for Public Policy, a think-tank focused on local and state policy issues located in western Pennsylvania. His articles on the North American Free Trade Act (NAFTA) have appeared in several Pennsylvania publications, in­ cluding the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and the Harrisburg Patriot-News. James E. Vike, Ph.D., is an assistant professor of government and poli­ tics and director of the Master of Public Administration program at Wid­ ener University. He received his doctoral degree from the Maxwell School of Ci~zenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University. His research interests include thp prpsinpnry and bureaucratic politics_ Berwood Yost is the Director of the Center for Opinion Research of the Floyd Institute for Public Policy at Franklin and Marshall ('01 1 PE/'- He received his Master's Degree in Political Science from Temple University and is currently a Ph.D. candidate there. His recent research has focused on crime victimization and victim services, smoking and health, and public attitudes toward politics and political campaigns. Acknowledgments COMMONWEALTH is published annually under the authorization of the Pennsylvania Political Science Association (PPSA) and sent to all members - individual, departmental, and institutional. For subscription rates for all categories of membership, see separate announcements elsewhere in this issue. Changes of address should be sent to: Dr. W. Wesley McDonald, Department of Political Science, Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, PA 17022. E-mail: Postmaster: send notification of undelivered journals to this address. Second class postage paid at Harrisburg, PA ;:mn ;:It ;:Inditionrll mailing offices. Copyright ?OO? by the Pennsylvania Political Science Association: ISSN 0890-2410. COMMONWEALTH will print free of charge camera-ready official announcements of up to one page of the American Political Science Association, as well as Northeastern Political Science Association and its constituent members, and other organizations whose Journals provide corresponding privileges to PPSA. Contact the Managing Editor. Advertising, reprint information, and rates are also available from the Treasurer of the PPSA, Dr. Thomas Brogan, Department of Political Science, Albright College, P. O. Box 15234, Reading, FA 19612-5234 The Pennsylvania Political Science Association OFFICERS President Joseph Melusky (acting president) St. Francis University First Vice President Joseph Melusky St. Francis University Second Vice President Thomas J. Baldino Wilkes University Treasurer Thomas Brogran Albright College Secretary W. Wesley McDonald Elizabethtown College EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 2003-2006 Francis Moran New Jersey City University Mary Jane Kuffner Hirt Indiana University of Pennsylvania 2002-2005 Bridget Jeffrey Edinboro University Stanley Berard Lock Haven University 2001-2004 Michael Cassidy Pennsylvania House of Representatives Jean Wahl Harris University of Scranton EX OFFICIO MEMBERS Past President Craig M. Wheeland Villanova University Commonwealth Managing Editor Harold Cox Wilkes University Commonwealth Editor Gerard J. Fitzpatrick Ursinus College Commonwealth Associate Editors Thomas J. Baldino Wilkes University Donald G. Tannenbaum Gettysburg College In the COMMONWEALTH Gerard J. Fitzpatrick, Editor It seems fitting that four of the five articles in this volume of the Penn­ sylvania Political Science Association's professional journal concern poli­ tics in Pennsylvania. Moreover, these Pennsylvania focused pieces speak to a variety of political science subfields, including political economy, presi­ dential elections, voting behavior, and state government. Providing some topical balance while further extending the fields of interest addressed in this issue of COMMONWEALTH, the one non-Pennsylvania essay involves international relations and political theory. In short, ours may be a small journal but it consistently covers much academic territory. In our lead article, Dr. Gordon P. Henderson underscores the connec­ tions between political philosophy and international politics by explor­ ing the thought of Immanuel Kant with regard to the place of morality in foreign affairs. He not only illuminates the theoretical tension between the moral and the political on the world stage, but he also brings these abstract ideas to bear on the contemporary debate between "realists" and "idealists" in foreign affairs. Kant's teachings, Dr. Henderson con­ cludes, support a cautious optimism with regard to the prospects for peace among nations. Among the most contentious topics in recent years has been the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Dr. Paul G. Kengor and R. C. Phinney examine the impact of NAFTA on Pennsylvania. They find that despite the claim of critics that the treaty would harm the state's economy by causing an exodus of manufacturing jobs to foreign nations, NAFTA has in fact helped Pennsylvania by significantly increasing its overseas exports. While their findings do not resolve the debate over job losses or other controversial aspects of NAFTA, they indicate that there is more to the free trade debate than meets the eve . .I One of the most significant df'velopments in prf'sidential elec­ toral politics has been the recent trend toward "frontloading," the pro­ cess whereby states schedule their presidential primaries increasingly early in hope of having more influence in determining the party nomi­ nees. Through a comparison of Pennsylvania and Ohio in the presiden­ tial nominating process, Dr. James E. Vike explains why our state has eschewed the frontloading trend, even though scheduling presidential primaries earlier would likely increase candidate competitiveness, cam­ paign activity, voter choice, and voter turnout. Berwood Yost explains why Republicans control most statewide of­ fices in Pennsylvarua, as well as both houses of the state legislature, even though Democrats have a decided edge in voter registration. Using a random survey of Pennsylvania voters to probe the difference between party orientation and party registration, he finds that more Democrats in Pennsylvania identify with the Republican Party than vice versa, indi­ cating that party identification is a better predictor of voting behavior than is party registration. He also identifies some intriguing geographic patterns in the distribution of these "misaligned voters." This issue of COMMONWEALTH closes with a special feature: the address of former Pennsylvania House Speaker Herbert Fineman to the 2003 meeting of the Pennsylvania Political Science Association, with com­ mentary by Michael Cassidy. Few people know our state legislature as well as Mr. Cassidy does, for he has worked there for a quarter of a cen­ tury as a member, staff assistant, and scholar. In his commentary, he traces the crucial role Speaker Fineman played in bringing about institu­ tional reform in Pennsylvania, and he places reform developments in the state within the context of the larger legislative modernization movement. As always, this issue of COMMONWEALTH would not have been possible without quality submissions and quality reviews. I therefore ex­ tend my deepest thanks to the authors and anonymous referees with whom I have worked during the past year. By contributing their time and talent, they have helped to make ours an ever better professional journal. Un­ fortunately, we continue to receive only a small number of manuscripts, most of which are rejected. If issues of COMMONWEALTH as strong as this one are to be produced in a timely manner, readers must submit their work for consideration and urge their colleagues to do so too.