id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cana-5424	Quazzafi Rabbani	A Dual-Channel Supply Chain Model with Distribution-Free Approach using Customization	2025	19	.pdf	application/pdf	6142	353	71	For the ‘jth’ element, aj =minimum time span, bj = normal time span, and cj = crashing cost per unit time. Thus, the penalty cost as a consequence of carbon emission is given as EC2 = l∑ i=1 YiCep,i (24) where Yi = { 1 Ed1 > Eli (i = 1, 2, ..., l) 0 otherwise (25) 2.3.2 Social pillar Cumulative social cost as a result of hard labor, medical maintenance, welfare, and social consciousness (Khan et al., 2016) for single channel supply chain model, is SC1 = ηS1q1 (26)	cache/cana-5424.pdf	txt/cana-5424.txt