id sid tid token lemma pos cana-3458 1 1 type type VERB cana-3458 1 2 your your PRON cana-3458 1 3 title title NOUN cana-3458 1 4 here here ADV cana-3458 1 5 using use VERB cana-3458 1 6 upperand upperand ADV cana-3458 1 7 lower low ADJ cana-3458 1 8 - - PUNCT cana-3458 1 9 case case NOUN cana-3458 1 10 letters letter NOUN cana-3458 1 11 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 1 12 on on ADP cana-3458 1 13 applied apply VERB cana-3458 1 14 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 1 15 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 1 16 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 1 17 : : PUNCT cana-3458 1 18 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 1 19 - - PUNCT cana-3458 1 20 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 1 21 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 1 22 32 32 NUM cana-3458 1 23 no no NOUN cana-3458 1 24 . . PUNCT cana-3458 2 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 2 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 2 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 2 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 2 5 472 472 NUM cana-3458 2 6 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 3 1 a a DET cana-3458 3 2 heuristic heuristic ADJ cana-3458 3 3 method method NOUN cana-3458 3 4 to to PART cana-3458 3 5 improve improve VERB cana-3458 3 6 the the DET cana-3458 3 7 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 3 8 of of ADP cana-3458 3 9 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 3 10 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 3 11 : : PUNCT cana-3458 3 12 estimating estimate VERB cana-3458 3 13 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 3 14 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 3 15 and and CCONJ cana-3458 3 16 re re ADJ cana-3458 3 17 - - NOUN cana-3458 3 18 timing time VERB cana-3458 3 19 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 3 20 khusnul khusnul NOUN cana-3458 3 21 novianingsih1 novianingsih1 PROPN cana-3458 3 22 * * PROPN cana-3458 3 23 , , PUNCT cana-3458 3 24 kartika kartika PROPN cana-3458 3 25 yulianti2 yulianti2 PROPN cana-3458 3 26 , , PUNCT cana-3458 3 27 fitriani fitriani ADJ cana-3458 3 28 agustina3 agustina3 NOUN cana-3458 3 29 1,2,3mathematics 1,2,3mathematics NUM cana-3458 3 30 study study NOUN cana-3458 3 31 program program NOUN cana-3458 3 32 , , PUNCT cana-3458 3 33 faculty faculty NOUN cana-3458 3 34 of of ADP cana-3458 3 35 mathematics mathematic NOUN cana-3458 3 36 and and CCONJ cana-3458 3 37 science science NOUN cana-3458 3 38 education education NOUN cana-3458 3 39 , , PUNCT cana-3458 3 40 universitas universita NOUN cana-3458 3 41 pendidikan pendidikan PROPN cana-3458 3 42 indonesia indonesia PROPN cana-3458 3 43 , , PUNCT cana-3458 3 44 bandung bandung PROPN cana-3458 3 45 40132 40132 NUM cana-3458 3 46 , , PUNCT cana-3458 3 47 indonesia indonesia PROPN cana-3458 3 48 * * PUNCT cana-3458 3 49 corresponding correspond VERB cana-3458 3 50 author author NOUN cana-3458 3 51 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 3 52 k_novianingsih@upi.edu k_novianingsih@upi.edu NOUN cana-3458 3 53 article article NOUN cana-3458 3 54 history history NOUN cana-3458 3 55 : : PUNCT cana-3458 3 56 received receive VERB cana-3458 3 57 : : PUNCT cana-3458 3 58 26 26 NUM cana-3458 3 59 - - SYM cana-3458 3 60 10 10 NUM cana-3458 3 61 - - PUNCT cana-3458 3 62 2024 2024 NUM cana-3458 3 63 revised:10 revised:10 NOUN cana-3458 3 64 - - PUNCT cana-3458 3 65 11 11 NUM cana-3458 3 66 - - PUNCT cana-3458 3 67 2024 2024 NUM cana-3458 3 68 accepted:18 accepted:18 PROPN cana-3458 3 69 - - PUNCT cana-3458 3 70 12 12 NUM cana-3458 3 71 - - PUNCT cana-3458 3 72 2024 2024 NUM cana-3458 3 73 abstract abstract NOUN cana-3458 3 74 : : PUNCT cana-3458 3 75 an an DET cana-3458 3 76 investigation investigation NOUN cana-3458 3 77 was be AUX cana-3458 3 78 conducted conduct VERB cana-3458 3 79 concerning concern VERB cana-3458 3 80 the the DET cana-3458 3 81 problem problem NOUN cana-3458 3 82 of of ADP cana-3458 3 83 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 3 84 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 3 85 to to PART cana-3458 3 86 propose propose VERB cana-3458 3 87 a a DET cana-3458 3 88 solution solution NOUN cana-3458 3 89 to to PART cana-3458 3 90 enhance enhance VERB cana-3458 3 91 the the DET cana-3458 3 92 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 3 93 of of ADP cana-3458 3 94 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 3 95 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 3 96 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 3 97 . . PUNCT cana-3458 4 1 the the DET cana-3458 4 2 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 4 3 of of ADP cana-3458 4 4 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 4 5 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 4 6 depended depend VERB cana-3458 4 7 on on ADP cana-3458 4 8 the the DET cana-3458 4 9 ability ability NOUN cana-3458 4 10 to to PART cana-3458 4 11 reduce reduce VERB cana-3458 4 12 the the DET cana-3458 4 13 effects effect NOUN cana-3458 4 14 of of ADP cana-3458 4 15 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 4 16 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 4 17 on on ADP cana-3458 4 18 daily daily ADJ cana-3458 4 19 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 4 20 . . PUNCT cana-3458 5 1 the the DET cana-3458 5 2 approach approach NOUN cana-3458 5 3 to to PART cana-3458 5 4 achieve achieve VERB cana-3458 5 5 this this DET cana-3458 5 6 objective objective NOUN cana-3458 5 7 was be AUX cana-3458 5 8 optimizing optimize VERB cana-3458 5 9 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 5 10 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 5 11 by by ADP cana-3458 5 12 allocating allocate VERB cana-3458 5 13 the the DET cana-3458 5 14 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 5 15 amount amount NOUN cana-3458 5 16 of of ADP cana-3458 5 17 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 5 18 to to ADP cana-3458 5 19 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 5 20 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 5 21 . . PUNCT cana-3458 6 1 identifying identify VERB cana-3458 6 2 appropriate appropriate ADJ cana-3458 6 3 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 6 4 between between ADP cana-3458 6 5 two two NUM cana-3458 6 6 successive successive ADJ cana-3458 6 7 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 6 8 involved involve VERB cana-3458 6 9 modeling model VERB cana-3458 6 10 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 6 11 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 6 12 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 6 13 at at ADP cana-3458 6 14 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 6 15 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 6 16 , , PUNCT cana-3458 6 17 considering consider VERB cana-3458 6 18 both both DET cana-3458 6 19 time time NOUN cana-3458 6 20 intervals interval NOUN cana-3458 6 21 and and CCONJ cana-3458 6 22 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 6 23 lengths length NOUN cana-3458 6 24 . . PUNCT cana-3458 7 1 a a DET cana-3458 7 2 threshold threshold NOUN cana-3458 7 3 approach approach NOUN cana-3458 7 4 was be AUX cana-3458 7 5 subsequently subsequently ADV cana-3458 7 6 devised devise VERB cana-3458 7 7 to to PART cana-3458 7 8 determine determine VERB cana-3458 7 9 the the DET cana-3458 7 10 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 7 11 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 7 12 based base VERB cana-3458 7 13 on on ADP cana-3458 7 14 this this DET cana-3458 7 15 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 7 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 8 1 the the DET cana-3458 8 2 ideal ideal ADJ cana-3458 8 3 allocation allocation NOUN cana-3458 8 4 of of ADP cana-3458 8 5 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 8 6 to to ADP cana-3458 8 7 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 8 8 was be AUX cana-3458 8 9 achieved achieve VERB cana-3458 8 10 by by ADP cana-3458 8 11 modifying modify VERB cana-3458 8 12 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 8 13 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 8 14 times time NOUN cana-3458 8 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 8 16 a a DET cana-3458 8 17 technique technique NOUN cana-3458 8 18 known know VERB cana-3458 8 19 as as ADP cana-3458 8 20 re re VERB cana-3458 8 21 - - NOUN cana-3458 8 22 timing timing NOUN cana-3458 8 23 . . PUNCT cana-3458 9 1 recognizing recognize VERB cana-3458 9 2 that that SCONJ cana-3458 9 3 the the DET cana-3458 9 4 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 9 5 allocation allocation NOUN cana-3458 9 6 of of ADP cana-3458 9 7 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 9 8 could could AUX cana-3458 9 9 make make VERB cana-3458 9 10 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 9 11 infeasible infeasible ADJ cana-3458 9 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 9 13 an an DET cana-3458 9 14 optimization optimization NOUN cana-3458 9 15 model model NOUN cana-3458 9 16 was be AUX cana-3458 9 17 established establish VERB cana-3458 9 18 for for ADP cana-3458 9 19 adjusting adjust VERB cana-3458 9 20 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 9 21 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 9 22 times time NOUN cana-3458 9 23 . . PUNCT cana-3458 10 1 the the DET cana-3458 10 2 proposed propose VERB cana-3458 10 3 model model NOUN cana-3458 10 4 produced produce VERB cana-3458 10 5 new new ADJ cana-3458 10 6 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 10 7 that that PRON cana-3458 10 8 optimized optimize VERB cana-3458 10 9 all all DET cana-3458 10 10 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 10 11 . . PUNCT cana-3458 11 1 the the DET cana-3458 11 2 practical practical ADJ cana-3458 11 3 application application NOUN cana-3458 11 4 of of ADP cana-3458 11 5 this this DET cana-3458 11 6 model model NOUN cana-3458 11 7 to to ADP cana-3458 11 8 the the DET cana-3458 11 9 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 11 10 of of ADP cana-3458 11 11 indonesian indonesian ADJ cana-3458 11 12 airlines airline NOUN cana-3458 11 13 demonstrated demonstrate VERB cana-3458 11 14 the the DET cana-3458 11 15 method method NOUN cana-3458 11 16 's 's PART cana-3458 11 17 efficiency efficiency NOUN cana-3458 11 18 in in ADP cana-3458 11 19 improving improve VERB cana-3458 11 20 the the DET cana-3458 11 21 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 11 22 of of ADP cana-3458 11 23 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 11 24 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 11 25 . . PUNCT cana-3458 12 1 keywords keyword NOUN cana-3458 12 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 12 3 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 12 4 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 12 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 12 6 slack slack VERB cana-3458 12 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 12 8 re re ADJ cana-3458 12 9 - - NOUN cana-3458 12 10 timing time VERB cana-3458 12 11 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 12 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 12 13 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 12 14 measure measure NOUN cana-3458 12 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 12 16 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 12 17 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 12 18 introduction introduction NOUN cana-3458 12 19 multiple multiple ADJ cana-3458 12 20 stages stage NOUN cana-3458 12 21 and and CCONJ cana-3458 12 22 a a DET cana-3458 12 23 substantial substantial ADJ cana-3458 12 24 allocation allocation NOUN cana-3458 12 25 of of ADP cana-3458 12 26 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 12 27 resources resource NOUN cana-3458 12 28 comprise comprise VERB cana-3458 12 29 the the DET cana-3458 12 30 highly highly ADV cana-3458 12 31 complex complex ADJ cana-3458 12 32 process process NOUN cana-3458 12 33 of of ADP cana-3458 12 34 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 12 35 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 12 36 planning planning NOUN cana-3458 12 37 . . PUNCT cana-3458 13 1 this this DET cana-3458 13 2 process process NOUN cana-3458 13 3 can can AUX cana-3458 13 4 be be AUX cana-3458 13 5 divided divide VERB cana-3458 13 6 into into ADP cana-3458 13 7 four four NUM cana-3458 13 8 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 13 9 sub sub NOUN cana-3458 13 10 - - NOUN cana-3458 13 11 problems problem NOUN cana-3458 13 12 : : PUNCT cana-3458 13 13 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 13 14 design design NOUN cana-3458 13 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 13 16 fleet fleet NOUN cana-3458 13 17 assignment assignment NOUN cana-3458 13 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 13 19 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 13 20 routing routing NOUN cana-3458 13 21 , , PUNCT cana-3458 13 22 and and CCONJ cana-3458 13 23 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 13 24 scheduling scheduling NOUN cana-3458 13 25 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 13 26 ahmadbeygi ahmadbeygi PROPN cana-3458 13 27 et et PROPN cana-3458 13 28 al al PROPN cana-3458 13 29 . . PROPN cana-3458 13 30 , , PUNCT cana-3458 13 31 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 13 32 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 13 33 dunbar dunbar PROPN cana-3458 13 34 et et PROPN cana-3458 13 35 al al PROPN cana-3458 13 36 . . PROPN cana-3458 13 37 , , PUNCT cana-3458 13 38 2012 2012 NUM cana-3458 13 39 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 13 40 . . PUNCT cana-3458 14 1 the the DET cana-3458 14 2 optimization optimization NOUN cana-3458 14 3 models model NOUN cana-3458 14 4 for for ADP cana-3458 14 5 each each PRON cana-3458 14 6 of of ADP cana-3458 14 7 these these DET cana-3458 14 8 sub sub NOUN cana-3458 14 9 - - NOUN cana-3458 14 10 problems problem NOUN cana-3458 14 11 have have AUX cana-3458 14 12 been be AUX cana-3458 14 13 solved solve VERB cana-3458 14 14 deterministically deterministically ADV cana-3458 14 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 14 16 assuming assume VERB cana-3458 14 17 that that SCONJ cana-3458 14 18 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 14 19 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 14 20 will will AUX cana-3458 14 21 be be AUX cana-3458 14 22 executed execute VERB cana-3458 14 23 as as ADP cana-3458 14 24 intended intend VERB cana-3458 14 25 . . PUNCT cana-3458 15 1 however however ADV cana-3458 15 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 15 3 in in ADP cana-3458 15 4 the the DET cana-3458 15 5 day day NOUN cana-3458 15 6 - - PUNCT cana-3458 15 7 to to ADP cana-3458 15 8 - - PUNCT cana-3458 15 9 day day NOUN cana-3458 15 10 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 15 11 of of ADP cana-3458 15 12 airlines airline NOUN cana-3458 15 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 15 14 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 15 15 often often ADV cana-3458 15 16 encounter encounter VERB cana-3458 15 17 disruptions disruption NOUN cana-3458 15 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 15 19 resulting result VERB cana-3458 15 20 in in ADP cana-3458 15 21 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 15 22 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 15 23 . . PUNCT cana-3458 16 1 these these DET cana-3458 16 2 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 16 3 can can AUX cana-3458 16 4 lead lead VERB cana-3458 16 5 to to ADP cana-3458 16 6 significant significant ADJ cana-3458 16 7 additional additional ADJ cana-3458 16 8 costs cost NOUN cana-3458 16 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 16 10 such such ADJ cana-3458 16 11 as as ADP cana-3458 16 12 increased increase VERB cana-3458 16 13 fuel fuel NOUN cana-3458 16 14 expenses expense NOUN cana-3458 16 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 16 16 overtime overtime NOUN cana-3458 16 17 payments payment NOUN cana-3458 16 18 for for ADP cana-3458 16 19 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 16 20 members member NOUN cana-3458 16 21 , , PUNCT cana-3458 16 22 and and CCONJ cana-3458 16 23 the the DET cana-3458 16 24 expenses expense NOUN cana-3458 16 25 associated associate VERB cana-3458 16 26 with with ADP cana-3458 16 27 accommodating accommodate VERB cana-3458 16 28 affected affected ADJ cana-3458 16 29 passengers passenger NOUN cana-3458 16 30 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 16 31 dunbar dunbar PROPN cana-3458 16 32 et et PROPN cana-3458 16 33 al al PROPN cana-3458 16 34 . . PROPN cana-3458 16 35 , , PUNCT cana-3458 16 36 2012 2012 NUM cana-3458 16 37 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 16 38 . . PUNCT cana-3458 17 1 to to PART cana-3458 17 2 minimize minimize VERB cana-3458 17 3 operating operating NOUN cana-3458 17 4 costs cost NOUN cana-3458 17 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 17 6 airlines airline NOUN cana-3458 17 7 should should AUX cana-3458 17 8 aim aim VERB cana-3458 17 9 to to PART cana-3458 17 10 reduce reduce VERB cana-3458 17 11 the the DET cana-3458 17 12 occurrence occurrence NOUN cana-3458 17 13 of of ADP cana-3458 17 14 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 17 15 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 17 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 18 1 when when SCONJ cana-3458 18 2 disruptions disruption NOUN cana-3458 18 3 occur occur VERB cana-3458 18 4 , , PUNCT cana-3458 18 5 a a DET cana-3458 18 6 single single ADJ cana-3458 18 7 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 18 8 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 18 9 can can AUX cana-3458 18 10 trigger trigger VERB cana-3458 18 11 a a DET cana-3458 18 12 cascade cascade NOUN cana-3458 18 13 of of ADP cana-3458 18 14 subsequent subsequent ADJ cana-3458 18 15 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 18 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 19 1 consequently consequently ADV cana-3458 19 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 19 3 airlines airline NOUN cana-3458 19 4 need need VERB cana-3458 19 5 to to PART cana-3458 19 6 develop develop VERB cana-3458 19 7 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 19 8 recovery recovery NOUN cana-3458 19 9 strategies strategy NOUN cana-3458 19 10 to to PART cana-3458 19 11 restore restore VERB cana-3458 19 12 their their PRON cana-3458 19 13 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 19 14 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 19 15 abdelghany abdelghany VERB cana-3458 19 16 et et PROPN cana-3458 19 17 al al PROPN cana-3458 19 18 . . PROPN cana-3458 19 19 , , PUNCT cana-3458 19 20 2004 2004 NUM cana-3458 19 21 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 19 22 . . PUNCT cana-3458 20 1 these these DET cana-3458 20 2 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 20 3 recovery recovery NOUN cana-3458 20 4 strategies strategy NOUN cana-3458 20 5 are be AUX cana-3458 20 6 those those PRON cana-3458 20 7 that that PRON cana-3458 20 8 incur incur VERB cana-3458 20 9 the the DET cana-3458 20 10 lowest low ADJ cana-3458 20 11 operating operating NOUN cana-3458 20 12 costs cost NOUN cana-3458 20 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 21 1 in in ADP cana-3458 21 2 the the DET cana-3458 21 3 recovery recovery NOUN cana-3458 21 4 process process NOUN cana-3458 21 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 21 6 airlines airline NOUN cana-3458 21 7 have have VERB cana-3458 21 8 the the DET cana-3458 21 9 flexibility flexibility NOUN cana-3458 21 10 to to PART cana-3458 21 11 make make VERB cana-3458 21 12 decisions decision NOUN cana-3458 21 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 21 14 such such ADJ cana-3458 21 15 as as ADP cana-3458 21 16 re re ADJ cana-3458 21 17 - - ADJ cana-3458 21 18 routing route VERB cana-3458 21 19 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 21 20 , , PUNCT cana-3458 21 21 reassigning reassign VERB cana-3458 21 22 crews crew NOUN cana-3458 21 23 , , PUNCT cana-3458 21 24 or or CCONJ cana-3458 21 25 even even ADV cana-3458 21 26 delaying delay VERB cana-3458 21 27 or or CCONJ cana-3458 21 28 canceling cancel VERB cana-3458 21 29 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 21 30 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 21 31 abdelghany abdelghany NOUN cana-3458 21 32 et et PROPN cana-3458 21 33 al al PROPN cana-3458 21 34 . . PROPN cana-3458 21 35 , , PUNCT cana-3458 21 36 2004 2004 NUM cana-3458 21 37 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 21 38 . . PUNCT cana-3458 22 1 due due ADP cana-3458 22 2 to to ADP cana-3458 22 3 the the DET cana-3458 22 4 complexity complexity NOUN cana-3458 22 5 of of ADP cana-3458 22 6 these these DET cana-3458 22 7 recovery recovery NOUN cana-3458 22 8 actions action NOUN cana-3458 22 9 and and CCONJ cana-3458 22 10 the the DET cana-3458 22 11 need need NOUN cana-3458 22 12 for for ADP cana-3458 22 13 swift swift ADJ cana-3458 22 14 rescheduling rescheduling NOUN cana-3458 22 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 22 16 airlines airline NOUN cana-3458 22 17 often often ADV cana-3458 22 18 make make VERB cana-3458 22 19 these these DET cana-3458 22 20 decisions decision NOUN cana-3458 22 21 manually manually ADV cana-3458 22 22 , , PUNCT cana-3458 22 23 resulting result VERB cana-3458 22 24 in in ADP cana-3458 22 25 suboptimal suboptimal ADJ cana-3458 22 26 outcomes outcome NOUN cana-3458 22 27 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 22 28 abdelghany abdelghany NOUN cana-3458 22 29 et et PROPN cana-3458 22 30 al al PROPN cana-3458 22 31 . . PROPN cana-3458 22 32 , , PUNCT cana-3458 22 33 2004 2004 NUM cana-3458 22 34 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 22 35 . . PUNCT cana-3458 23 1 numerous numerous ADJ cana-3458 23 2 authors author NOUN cana-3458 23 3 have have AUX cana-3458 23 4 suggested suggest VERB cana-3458 23 5 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 23 6 on on ADP cana-3458 23 7 applied apply VERB cana-3458 23 8 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 23 9 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 23 10 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 23 11 : : PUNCT cana-3458 23 12 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 23 13 - - PUNCT cana-3458 23 14 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 23 15 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 23 16 32 32 NUM cana-3458 23 17 no no NOUN cana-3458 23 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 24 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 24 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 24 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 24 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 24 5 473 473 NUM cana-3458 24 6 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 24 7 algorithms algorithm NOUN cana-3458 24 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 24 9 models model NOUN cana-3458 24 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 24 11 and and CCONJ cana-3458 24 12 strategies strategy NOUN cana-3458 24 13 to to PART cana-3458 24 14 determine determine VERB cana-3458 24 15 the the DET cana-3458 24 16 most most ADV cana-3458 24 17 effective effective ADJ cana-3458 24 18 recovery recovery NOUN cana-3458 24 19 actions action NOUN cana-3458 24 20 , , PUNCT cana-3458 24 21 and and CCONJ cana-3458 24 22 more more ADJ cana-3458 24 23 details detail NOUN cana-3458 24 24 can can AUX cana-3458 24 25 be be AUX cana-3458 24 26 found find VERB cana-3458 24 27 in in ADP cana-3458 24 28 references reference NOUN cana-3458 24 29 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 24 30 ball ball NOUN cana-3458 24 31 et et NOUN cana-3458 24 32 al al PROPN cana-3458 24 33 . . PROPN cana-3458 24 34 , , PUNCT cana-3458 24 35 2007 2007 NUM cana-3458 24 36 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 24 37 barnhart barnhart PROPN cana-3458 24 38 , , PUNCT cana-3458 24 39 2009 2009 NUM cana-3458 24 40 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 24 41 clausen clausen PROPN cana-3458 24 42 et et PROPN cana-3458 24 43 al al PROPN cana-3458 24 44 . . PROPN cana-3458 24 45 , , PUNCT cana-3458 24 46 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 24 47 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 24 48 . . PUNCT cana-3458 25 1 a a DET cana-3458 25 2 practical practical ADJ cana-3458 25 3 method method NOUN cana-3458 25 4 for for ADP cana-3458 25 5 addressing address VERB cana-3458 25 6 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 25 7 disruptions disruption NOUN cana-3458 25 8 is be AUX cana-3458 25 9 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 25 10 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 25 11 planning planning NOUN cana-3458 25 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 26 1 although although SCONJ cana-3458 26 2 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 26 3 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 26 4 may may AUX cana-3458 26 5 not not PART cana-3458 26 6 necessarily necessarily ADV cana-3458 26 7 minimize minimize VERB cana-3458 26 8 planned planned ADJ cana-3458 26 9 costs cost NOUN cana-3458 26 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 26 11 they they PRON cana-3458 26 12 can can AUX cana-3458 26 13 significantly significantly ADV cana-3458 26 14 reduce reduce VERB cana-3458 26 15 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 26 16 expenses expense NOUN cana-3458 26 17 by by ADP cana-3458 26 18 mitigating mitigate VERB cana-3458 26 19 additional additional ADJ cana-3458 26 20 costs cost NOUN cana-3458 26 21 during during ADP cana-3458 26 22 disruptions disruption NOUN cana-3458 26 23 . . PUNCT cana-3458 27 1 achieving achieve VERB cana-3458 27 2 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 27 3 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 27 4 relies rely VERB cana-3458 27 5 on on ADP cana-3458 27 6 insensitivity insensitivity NOUN cana-3458 27 7 to to ADP cana-3458 27 8 minor minor ADJ cana-3458 27 9 changes change NOUN cana-3458 27 10 . . PUNCT cana-3458 28 1 it it PRON cana-3458 28 2 can can AUX cana-3458 28 3 be be AUX cana-3458 28 4 improved improve VERB cana-3458 28 5 by by ADP cana-3458 28 6 designing design VERB cana-3458 28 7 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 28 8 routes route NOUN cana-3458 28 9 with with ADP cana-3458 28 10 extended extended ADJ cana-3458 28 11 connection connection NOUN cana-3458 28 12 times time NOUN cana-3458 28 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 28 14 scheduling scheduling NOUN cana-3458 28 15 extended extend VERB cana-3458 28 16 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 28 17 rest rest NOUN cana-3458 28 18 periods period NOUN cana-3458 28 19 , , PUNCT cana-3458 28 20 or or CCONJ cana-3458 28 21 planning plan VERB cana-3458 28 22 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 28 23 with with ADP cana-3458 28 24 extended extended ADJ cana-3458 28 25 block block NOUN cana-3458 28 26 times time NOUN cana-3458 28 27 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 28 28 ahmadbeygi ahmadbeygi PROPN cana-3458 28 29 et et PROPN cana-3458 28 30 al al PROPN cana-3458 28 31 . . PROPN cana-3458 28 32 , , PUNCT cana-3458 28 33 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 28 34 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 28 35 burke burke PROPN cana-3458 28 36 et et PROPN cana-3458 28 37 al al PROPN cana-3458 28 38 . . PROPN cana-3458 28 39 , , PUNCT cana-3458 28 40 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 28 41 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 28 42 eggenberg eggenberg PROPN cana-3458 28 43 , , PUNCT cana-3458 28 44 2009 2009 NUM cana-3458 28 45 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 28 46 lan lan PROPN cana-3458 28 47 et et PROPN cana-3458 28 48 al al PROPN cana-3458 28 49 . . PROPN cana-3458 28 50 , , PUNCT cana-3458 28 51 2006 2006 NUM cana-3458 28 52 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 28 53 schaefer schaefer PROPN cana-3458 28 54 et et PROPN cana-3458 28 55 al al PROPN cana-3458 28 56 . . PROPN cana-3458 28 57 , , PUNCT cana-3458 28 58 2005 2005 NUM cana-3458 28 59 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 28 60 yen yen NOUN cana-3458 28 61 & & CCONJ cana-3458 28 62 birge birge NOUN cana-3458 28 63 , , PUNCT cana-3458 28 64 2006 2006 NUM cana-3458 28 65 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 28 66 ehrgott ehrgott PROPN cana-3458 28 67 & & CCONJ cana-3458 28 68 ryan ryan PROPN cana-3458 28 69 , , PUNCT cana-3458 28 70 2001 2001 NUM cana-3458 28 71 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 28 72 . . PUNCT cana-3458 29 1 furthermore furthermore ADV cana-3458 29 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 29 3 creating create VERB cana-3458 29 4 easily easily ADV cana-3458 29 5 recoverable recoverable ADJ cana-3458 29 6 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 29 7 can can AUX cana-3458 29 8 enhance enhance VERB cana-3458 29 9 the the DET cana-3458 29 10 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 29 11 of of ADP cana-3458 29 12 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 29 13 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 29 14 aloulou aloulou PROPN cana-3458 29 15 et et PROPN cana-3458 29 16 al al PROPN cana-3458 29 17 . . PROPN cana-3458 29 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 29 19 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 29 20 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 29 21 . . PUNCT cana-3458 30 1 by by ADP cana-3458 30 2 maximizing maximize VERB cana-3458 30 3 flexibility flexibility NOUN cana-3458 30 4 in in ADP cana-3458 30 5 recovery recovery NOUN cana-3458 30 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 30 7 control control NOUN cana-3458 30 8 over over ADP cana-3458 30 9 recovery recovery NOUN cana-3458 30 10 solutions solution NOUN cana-3458 30 11 in in ADP cana-3458 30 12 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 30 13 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 30 14 was be AUX cana-3458 30 15 attained attain VERB cana-3458 30 16 , , PUNCT cana-3458 30 17 comprising comprise VERB cana-3458 30 18 the the DET cana-3458 30 19 optimization optimization NOUN cana-3458 30 20 of of ADP cana-3458 30 21 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 30 22 swap swap NOUN cana-3458 30 23 opportunities opportunity NOUN cana-3458 30 24 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 30 25 ageeva ageeva PROPN cana-3458 30 26 , , PUNCT cana-3458 30 27 2000 2000 NUM cana-3458 30 28 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 30 29 and and CCONJ cana-3458 30 30 increasing increase VERB cana-3458 30 31 the the DET cana-3458 30 32 availability availability NOUN cana-3458 30 33 of of ADP cana-3458 30 34 backup backup ADJ cana-3458 30 35 crews crew NOUN cana-3458 30 36 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 30 37 shebalov shebalov PROPN cana-3458 30 38 & & CCONJ cana-3458 30 39 klabjan klabjan PROPN cana-3458 30 40 , , PUNCT cana-3458 30 41 2006 2006 NUM cana-3458 30 42 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 30 43 . . PUNCT cana-3458 31 1 antunes antunes PROPN cana-3458 31 2 et et PROPN cana-3458 31 3 al al PROPN cana-3458 31 4 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 31 5 2019 2019 NUM cana-3458 31 6 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 31 7 designed design VERB cana-3458 31 8 a a DET cana-3458 31 9 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 31 10 optimization optimization NOUN cana-3458 31 11 model model NOUN cana-3458 31 12 for for ADP cana-3458 31 13 the the DET cana-3458 31 14 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 31 15 pairing pair VERB cana-3458 31 16 problem problem NOUN cana-3458 31 17 to to PART cana-3458 31 18 create create VERB cana-3458 31 19 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 31 20 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 31 21 that that PRON cana-3458 31 22 are be AUX cana-3458 31 23 less less ADV cana-3458 31 24 susceptible susceptible ADJ cana-3458 31 25 to to ADP cana-3458 31 26 disruption disruption NOUN cana-3458 31 27 . . PUNCT cana-3458 32 1 sanjeevi sanjeevi PROPN cana-3458 32 2 & & CCONJ cana-3458 32 3 venkatachalam venkatachalam PROPN cana-3458 32 4 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 32 5 2021 2021 NUM cana-3458 32 6 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 32 7 analyzed analyze VERB cana-3458 32 8 a a DET cana-3458 32 9 stochastic stochastic ADJ cana-3458 32 10 programming programming NOUN cana-3458 32 11 model model NOUN cana-3458 32 12 aimed aim VERB cana-3458 32 13 at at ADP cana-3458 32 14 anticipating anticipate VERB cana-3458 32 15 uncertain uncertain ADJ cana-3458 32 16 future future ADJ cana-3458 32 17 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 32 18 by by ADP cana-3458 32 19 incorporating incorporate VERB cana-3458 32 20 buffers buffer NOUN cana-3458 32 21 into into ADP cana-3458 32 22 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 32 23 turnaround turnaround PROPN cana-3458 32 24 times time NOUN cana-3458 32 25 in in ADP cana-3458 32 26 a a DET cana-3458 32 27 strategic strategic ADJ cana-3458 32 28 manner manner NOUN cana-3458 32 29 . . PUNCT cana-3458 33 1 teymouri teymouri PROPN cana-3458 33 2 et et PROPN cana-3458 33 3 al al PROPN cana-3458 33 4 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 33 5 2023 2023 NUM cana-3458 33 6 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 33 7 put put VERB cana-3458 33 8 forward forward ADV cana-3458 33 9 a a DET cana-3458 33 10 strategy strategy NOUN cana-3458 33 11 for for ADP cana-3458 33 12 making make VERB cana-3458 33 13 more more ADV cana-3458 33 14 effective effective ADJ cana-3458 33 15 decisions decision NOUN cana-3458 33 16 during during ADP cana-3458 33 17 disruptions disruption NOUN cana-3458 33 18 to to PART cana-3458 33 19 prevent prevent VERB cana-3458 33 20 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 33 21 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 33 22 or or CCONJ cana-3458 33 23 cancellations cancellation NOUN cana-3458 33 24 and and CCONJ cana-3458 33 25 recapture recapture VERB cana-3458 33 26 a a DET cana-3458 33 27 significant significant ADJ cana-3458 33 28 portion portion NOUN cana-3458 33 29 of of ADP cana-3458 33 30 the the DET cana-3458 33 31 lost lost ADJ cana-3458 33 32 demand demand NOUN cana-3458 33 33 . . PUNCT cana-3458 34 1 additional additional ADJ cana-3458 34 2 methods method NOUN cana-3458 34 3 for for ADP cana-3458 34 4 enhancing enhance VERB cana-3458 34 5 flexibility flexibility NOUN cana-3458 34 6 can can AUX cana-3458 34 7 be be AUX cana-3458 34 8 found find VERB cana-3458 34 9 in in ADP cana-3458 34 10 gao gao PROPN cana-3458 34 11 et et PROPN cana-3458 34 12 al al PROPN cana-3458 34 13 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 34 14 2009 2009 NUM cana-3458 34 15 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 34 16 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 34 17 rosenberger rosenberger PROPN cana-3458 34 18 et et PROPN cana-3458 34 19 al al PROPN cana-3458 34 20 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 34 21 2004 2004 NUM cana-3458 34 22 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 34 23 . . PUNCT cana-3458 35 1 in in ADP cana-3458 35 2 the the DET cana-3458 35 3 domain domain NOUN cana-3458 35 4 of of ADP cana-3458 35 5 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 35 6 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 35 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 35 8 every every DET cana-3458 35 9 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 35 10 or or CCONJ cana-3458 35 11 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 35 12 is be AUX cana-3458 35 13 expected expect VERB cana-3458 35 14 to to PART cana-3458 35 15 complete complete VERB cana-3458 35 16 specific specific ADJ cana-3458 35 17 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 35 18 sequences sequence NOUN cana-3458 35 19 , , PUNCT cana-3458 35 20 with with ADP cana-3458 35 21 a a DET cana-3458 35 22 required require VERB cana-3458 35 23 minimum minimum NOUN cana-3458 35 24 connecting connecting NOUN cana-3458 35 25 time time NOUN cana-3458 35 26 between between ADP cana-3458 35 27 consecutive consecutive ADJ cana-3458 35 28 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 35 29 in in ADP cana-3458 35 30 a a DET cana-3458 35 31 sequence sequence NOUN cana-3458 35 32 . . PUNCT cana-3458 36 1 time time NOUN cana-3458 36 2 exceeding exceed VERB cana-3458 36 3 this this DET cana-3458 36 4 minimum minimum NOUN cana-3458 36 5 is be AUX cana-3458 36 6 termed term VERB cana-3458 36 7 " " PUNCT cana-3458 36 8 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 36 9 " " PUNCT cana-3458 36 10 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 36 11 chiraphadhanakul chiraphadhanakul PROPN cana-3458 36 12 & & CCONJ cana-3458 36 13 barnhart barnhart PROPN cana-3458 36 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 36 15 2013 2013 NUM cana-3458 36 16 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 36 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 37 1 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 37 2 is be AUX cana-3458 37 3 a a DET cana-3458 37 4 valuable valuable ADJ cana-3458 37 5 tool tool NOUN cana-3458 37 6 for for ADP cana-3458 37 7 reducing reduce VERB cana-3458 37 8 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 37 9 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 37 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 37 11 hence hence ADV cana-3458 37 12 insufficient insufficient ADJ cana-3458 37 13 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 37 14 is be AUX cana-3458 37 15 capable capable ADJ cana-3458 37 16 of of ADP cana-3458 37 17 increasing increase VERB cana-3458 37 18 the the DET cana-3458 37 19 likelihood likelihood NOUN cana-3458 37 20 of of ADP cana-3458 37 21 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 37 22 propagating propagate VERB cana-3458 37 23 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 37 24 wu wu PROPN cana-3458 37 25 , , PUNCT cana-3458 37 26 2005 2005 NUM cana-3458 37 27 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 37 28 , , PUNCT cana-3458 37 29 while while SCONJ cana-3458 37 30 its its PRON cana-3458 37 31 excess excess NOUN cana-3458 37 32 may may AUX cana-3458 37 33 reduce reduce VERB cana-3458 37 34 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 37 35 and and CCONJ cana-3458 37 36 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 37 37 use use VERB cana-3458 37 38 efficiency efficiency NOUN cana-3458 37 39 . . PUNCT cana-3458 38 1 this this PRON cana-3458 38 2 means mean VERB cana-3458 38 3 that that SCONJ cana-3458 38 4 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 38 5 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 38 6 can can AUX cana-3458 38 7 be be AUX cana-3458 38 8 achieved achieve VERB cana-3458 38 9 due due ADJ cana-3458 38 10 to to ADP cana-3458 38 11 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 38 12 allocation allocation NOUN cana-3458 38 13 of of ADP cana-3458 38 14 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 38 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 39 1 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 39 2 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 39 3 is be AUX cana-3458 39 4 characterized characterize VERB cana-3458 39 5 as as ADP cana-3458 39 6 a a DET cana-3458 39 7 period period NOUN cana-3458 39 8 beyond beyond ADP cana-3458 39 9 the the DET cana-3458 39 10 minimum minimum ADJ cana-3458 39 11 turnaround turnaround NOUN cana-3458 39 12 time time NOUN cana-3458 39 13 that that PRON cana-3458 39 14 adequately adequately ADV cana-3458 39 15 accommodates accommodate VERB cana-3458 39 16 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 39 17 without without ADP cana-3458 39 18 significantly significantly ADV cana-3458 39 19 compromising compromise VERB cana-3458 39 20 utility utility NOUN cana-3458 39 21 . . PUNCT cana-3458 40 1 because because SCONJ cana-3458 40 2 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 40 3 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 40 4 are be AUX cana-3458 40 5 fundamentally fundamentally ADV cana-3458 40 6 stochastic stochastic ADJ cana-3458 40 7 events event NOUN cana-3458 40 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 40 9 calculating calculate VERB cana-3458 40 10 the the DET cana-3458 40 11 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 40 12 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 40 13 for for ADP cana-3458 40 14 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 40 15 planned plan VERB cana-3458 40 16 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 40 17 is be AUX cana-3458 40 18 challenging challenge VERB cana-3458 40 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 41 1 most most ADJ cana-3458 41 2 studies study NOUN cana-3458 41 3 in in ADP cana-3458 41 4 this this DET cana-3458 41 5 field field NOUN cana-3458 41 6 determined determine VERB cana-3458 41 7 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 41 8 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 41 9 using use VERB cana-3458 41 10 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 41 11 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 41 12 data data PROPN cana-3458 41 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 42 1 ahmadbeygi ahmadbeygi PROPN cana-3458 42 2 et et PROPN cana-3458 42 3 al al PROPN cana-3458 42 4 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 42 5 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 42 6 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 42 7 suggested suggest VERB cana-3458 42 8 allocating allocate VERB cana-3458 42 9 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 42 10 to to ADP cana-3458 42 11 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 42 12 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 42 13 by by ADP cana-3458 42 14 creating create VERB cana-3458 42 15 a a DET cana-3458 42 16 discrete discrete ADJ cana-3458 42 17 set set NOUN cana-3458 42 18 of of ADP cana-3458 42 19 root root NOUN cana-3458 42 20 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 42 21 that that PRON cana-3458 42 22 were be AUX cana-3458 42 23 randomly randomly ADV cana-3458 42 24 created create VERB cana-3458 42 25 based base VERB cana-3458 42 26 on on ADP cana-3458 42 27 the the DET cana-3458 42 28 empirical empirical ADJ cana-3458 42 29 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 42 30 of of ADP cana-3458 42 31 one one NUM cana-3458 42 32 - - PUNCT cana-3458 42 33 year year NOUN cana-3458 42 34 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 42 35 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 42 36 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 42 37 data data PROPN cana-3458 42 38 . . PUNCT cana-3458 43 1 the the DET cana-3458 43 2 overall overall ADJ cana-3458 43 3 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 43 4 propagation propagation NOUN cana-3458 43 5 caused cause VERB cana-3458 43 6 by by ADP cana-3458 43 7 these these DET cana-3458 43 8 root root NOUN cana-3458 43 9 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 43 10 was be AUX cana-3458 43 11 then then ADV cana-3458 43 12 computed compute VERB cana-3458 43 13 using use VERB cana-3458 43 14 a a DET cana-3458 43 15 propagation propagation NOUN cana-3458 43 16 tree tree NOUN cana-3458 43 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 44 1 the the DET cana-3458 44 2 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 44 3 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 44 4 was be AUX cana-3458 44 5 then then ADV cana-3458 44 6 established establish VERB cana-3458 44 7 by by ADP cana-3458 44 8 shifting shift VERB cana-3458 44 9 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 44 10 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 44 11 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 44 12 earlier early ADV cana-3458 44 13 or or CCONJ cana-3458 44 14 later later ADV cana-3458 44 15 to to PART cana-3458 44 16 reduce reduce VERB cana-3458 44 17 the the DET cana-3458 44 18 overall overall ADJ cana-3458 44 19 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 44 20 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 44 21 across across ADP cana-3458 44 22 all all DET cana-3458 44 23 root root NOUN cana-3458 44 24 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 44 25 scenarios scenario NOUN cana-3458 44 26 . . PUNCT cana-3458 45 1 it it PRON cana-3458 45 2 was be AUX cana-3458 45 3 crucial crucial ADJ cana-3458 45 4 to to PART cana-3458 45 5 acknowledge acknowledge VERB cana-3458 45 6 that that DET cana-3458 45 7 ahmadbeygi ahmadbeygi NOUN cana-3458 45 8 et et PROPN cana-3458 45 9 al al PROPN cana-3458 45 10 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 45 11 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 45 12 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 45 13 acknowledged acknowledge VERB cana-3458 45 14 potential potential ADJ cana-3458 45 15 imprecision imprecision NOUN cana-3458 45 16 in in ADP cana-3458 45 17 their their PRON cana-3458 45 18 method method NOUN cana-3458 45 19 for for ADP cana-3458 45 20 calculating calculate VERB cana-3458 45 21 propagation propagation NOUN cana-3458 45 22 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 45 23 due due ADP cana-3458 45 24 to to ADP cana-3458 45 25 the the DET cana-3458 45 26 absence absence NOUN cana-3458 45 27 of of ADP cana-3458 45 28 consideration consideration NOUN cana-3458 45 29 for for ADP cana-3458 45 30 multiple multiple ADJ cana-3458 45 31 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 45 32 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 45 33 in in ADP cana-3458 45 34 the the DET cana-3458 45 35 network network NOUN cana-3458 45 36 simultaneously simultaneously ADV cana-3458 45 37 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 45 38 ahmadbeygi ahmadbeygi NOUN cana-3458 45 39 et et PROPN cana-3458 45 40 al al PROPN cana-3458 45 41 . . PROPN cana-3458 45 42 , , PUNCT cana-3458 45 43 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 45 44 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 45 45 . . PUNCT cana-3458 46 1 by by ADP cana-3458 46 2 adjusting adjust VERB cana-3458 46 3 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 46 4 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 46 5 or or CCONJ cana-3458 46 6 arrival arrival NOUN cana-3458 46 7 times time NOUN cana-3458 46 8 to to PART cana-3458 46 9 minimize minimize VERB cana-3458 46 10 the the DET cana-3458 46 11 total total ADJ cana-3458 46 12 expected expect VERB cana-3458 46 13 arrival arrival NOUN cana-3458 46 14 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 46 15 across across ADP cana-3458 46 16 all all DET cana-3458 46 17 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 46 18 and and CCONJ cana-3458 46 19 varied varied ADJ cana-3458 46 20 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 46 21 scenarios scenario NOUN cana-3458 46 22 , , PUNCT cana-3458 46 23 chiraphadhanakul chiraphadhanakul PROPN cana-3458 46 24 & & CCONJ cana-3458 46 25 barnhart barnhart PROPN cana-3458 46 26 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 46 27 2013 2013 NUM cana-3458 46 28 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 46 29 determined determine VERB cana-3458 46 30 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 46 31 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 46 32 . . PUNCT cana-3458 47 1 based base VERB cana-3458 47 2 on on ADP cana-3458 47 3 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 47 4 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 47 5 data data PROPN cana-3458 47 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 47 7 each each DET cana-3458 47 8 scenario scenario NOUN cana-3458 47 9 represented represent VERB cana-3458 47 10 a a DET cana-3458 47 11 one one NUM cana-3458 47 12 - - PUNCT cana-3458 47 13 day day NOUN cana-3458 47 14 operation operation NOUN cana-3458 47 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 47 16 resulting result VERB cana-3458 47 17 in in ADP cana-3458 47 18 independent independent ADJ cana-3458 47 19 arrival arrival NOUN cana-3458 47 20 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 47 21 for for ADP cana-3458 47 22 all all DET cana-3458 47 23 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 47 24 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 47 25 . . PUNCT cana-3458 48 1 this this DET cana-3458 48 2 method method NOUN cana-3458 48 3 proved prove VERB cana-3458 48 4 effective effective ADJ cana-3458 48 5 when when SCONJ cana-3458 48 6 each each DET cana-3458 48 7 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 48 8 scenario scenario NOUN cana-3458 48 9 was be AUX cana-3458 48 10 equally equally ADV cana-3458 48 11 representative representative ADJ cana-3458 48 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 49 1 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 49 2 on on ADP cana-3458 49 3 applied apply VERB cana-3458 49 4 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 49 5 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 49 6 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 49 7 : : PUNCT cana-3458 49 8 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 49 9 - - PUNCT cana-3458 49 10 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 49 11 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 49 12 32 32 NUM cana-3458 49 13 no no NOUN cana-3458 49 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 50 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 50 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 50 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 50 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 50 5 474 474 NUM cana-3458 50 6 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 50 7 however however ADV cana-3458 50 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 50 9 a a DET cana-3458 50 10 substantial substantial ADJ cana-3458 50 11 volume volume NOUN cana-3458 50 12 of of ADP cana-3458 50 13 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 50 14 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 50 15 data datum NOUN cana-3458 50 16 was be AUX cana-3458 50 17 necessitated necessitate VERB cana-3458 50 18 for for ADP cana-3458 50 19 more more ADV cana-3458 50 20 accurate accurate ADJ cana-3458 50 21 results result NOUN cana-3458 50 22 , , PUNCT cana-3458 50 23 potentially potentially ADV cana-3458 50 24 resulting result VERB cana-3458 50 25 in in ADP cana-3458 50 26 computational computational ADJ cana-3458 50 27 inefficiency inefficiency NOUN cana-3458 50 28 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 50 29 chiraphadhanakul chiraphadhanakul PROPN cana-3458 50 30 & & CCONJ cana-3458 50 31 barnhart barnhart PROPN cana-3458 50 32 , , PUNCT cana-3458 50 33 2013 2013 NUM cana-3458 50 34 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 50 35 . . PUNCT cana-3458 51 1 in in ADP cana-3458 51 2 the the DET cana-3458 51 3 previous previous ADJ cana-3458 51 4 studies study NOUN cana-3458 51 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 51 6 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 51 7 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 51 8 was be AUX cana-3458 51 9 determined determine VERB cana-3458 51 10 through through ADP cana-3458 51 11 the the DET cana-3458 51 12 resolution resolution NOUN cana-3458 51 13 of of ADP cana-3458 51 14 re re NOUN cana-3458 51 15 - - NOUN cana-3458 51 16 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 51 17 models model NOUN cana-3458 51 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 52 1 due due ADP cana-3458 52 2 to to ADP cana-3458 52 3 the the DET cana-3458 52 4 constraints constraint NOUN cana-3458 52 5 imposed impose VERB cana-3458 52 6 by by ADP cana-3458 52 7 time time NOUN cana-3458 52 8 windows window NOUN cana-3458 52 9 on on ADP cana-3458 52 10 both both DET cana-3458 52 11 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 52 12 and and CCONJ cana-3458 52 13 arrival arrival NOUN cana-3458 52 14 times time NOUN cana-3458 52 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 52 16 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 52 17 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 52 18 obtained obtain VERB cana-3458 52 19 from from ADP cana-3458 52 20 these these DET cana-3458 52 21 re re NOUN cana-3458 52 22 - - NOUN cana-3458 52 23 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 52 24 models model NOUN cana-3458 52 25 can can AUX cana-3458 52 26 not not PART cana-3458 52 27 be be AUX cana-3458 52 28 assumed assume VERB cana-3458 52 29 to to PART cana-3458 52 30 be be AUX cana-3458 52 31 consistent consistent ADJ cana-3458 52 32 with with ADP cana-3458 52 33 the the DET cana-3458 52 34 actual actual ADJ cana-3458 52 35 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 52 36 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 52 37 required require VERB cana-3458 52 38 for for ADP cana-3458 52 39 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 52 40 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 52 41 during during ADP cana-3458 52 42 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 52 43 . . PUNCT cana-3458 53 1 consequently consequently ADV cana-3458 53 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 53 3 both both DET cana-3458 53 4 studies study NOUN cana-3458 53 5 focused focus VERB cana-3458 53 6 on on ADP cana-3458 53 7 redistributing redistribute VERB cana-3458 53 8 existing exist VERB cana-3458 53 9 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 53 10 more more ADV cana-3458 53 11 efficiently efficiently ADV cana-3458 53 12 through through ADP cana-3458 53 13 re re ADJ cana-3458 53 14 - - NOUN cana-3458 53 15 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 53 16 models model NOUN cana-3458 53 17 , , PUNCT cana-3458 53 18 aiming aim VERB cana-3458 53 19 to to PART cana-3458 53 20 enhance enhance VERB cana-3458 53 21 the the DET cana-3458 53 22 capacity capacity NOUN cana-3458 53 23 to to PART cana-3458 53 24 absorb absorb VERB cana-3458 53 25 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 53 26 . . PUNCT cana-3458 54 1 a a DET cana-3458 54 2 similar similar ADJ cana-3458 54 3 method method NOUN cana-3458 54 4 consisting consist VERB cana-3458 54 5 of of ADP cana-3458 54 6 the the DET cana-3458 54 7 redistribution redistribution NOUN cana-3458 54 8 of of ADP cana-3458 54 9 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 54 10 through through ADP cana-3458 54 11 re re NOUN cana-3458 54 12 - - NOUN cana-3458 54 13 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 54 14 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 54 15 has have AUX cana-3458 54 16 been be AUX cana-3458 54 17 used use VERB cana-3458 54 18 in in ADP cana-3458 54 19 a a DET cana-3458 54 20 study study NOUN cana-3458 54 21 aiming aim VERB cana-3458 54 22 to to PART cana-3458 54 23 minimize minimize VERB cana-3458 54 24 the the DET cana-3458 54 25 expected expect VERB cana-3458 54 26 total total ADJ cana-3458 54 27 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 54 28 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 54 29 . . PUNCT cana-3458 55 1 these these DET cana-3458 55 2 models model NOUN cana-3458 55 3 also also ADV cana-3458 55 4 included include VERB cana-3458 55 5 the the DET cana-3458 55 6 creation creation NOUN cana-3458 55 7 of of ADP cana-3458 55 8 new new ADJ cana-3458 55 9 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 55 10 routings routing NOUN cana-3458 55 11 as as ADP cana-3458 55 12 part part NOUN cana-3458 55 13 of of ADP cana-3458 55 14 re re ADJ cana-3458 55 15 - - NOUN cana-3458 55 16 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 55 17 process process NOUN cana-3458 55 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 56 1 additionally additionally ADV cana-3458 56 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 56 3 lan lan PROPN cana-3458 56 4 et et PROPN cana-3458 56 5 al al PROPN cana-3458 56 6 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 56 7 2006 2006 NUM cana-3458 56 8 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 56 9 created create VERB cana-3458 56 10 a a DET cana-3458 56 11 model model NOUN cana-3458 56 12 to to PART cana-3458 56 13 optimize optimize VERB cana-3458 56 14 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 56 15 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 56 16 times time NOUN cana-3458 56 17 , , PUNCT cana-3458 56 18 with with ADP cana-3458 56 19 the the DET cana-3458 56 20 objective objective NOUN cana-3458 56 21 of of ADP cana-3458 56 22 reducing reduce VERB cana-3458 56 23 the the DET cana-3458 56 24 expected expect VERB cana-3458 56 25 number number NOUN cana-3458 56 26 of of ADP cana-3458 56 27 disrupted disrupt VERB cana-3458 56 28 passengers passenger NOUN cana-3458 56 29 while while SCONJ cana-3458 56 30 maintaining maintain VERB cana-3458 56 31 the the DET cana-3458 56 32 current current ADJ cana-3458 56 33 fleet fleet NOUN cana-3458 56 34 , , PUNCT cana-3458 56 35 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 56 36 routes route NOUN cana-3458 56 37 , , PUNCT cana-3458 56 38 and and CCONJ cana-3458 56 39 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 56 40 itineraries itinerary NOUN cana-3458 56 41 . . PUNCT cana-3458 57 1 in in ADP cana-3458 57 2 this this DET cana-3458 57 3 scenario scenario NOUN cana-3458 57 4 , , PUNCT cana-3458 57 5 re re VERB cana-3458 57 6 - - NOUN cana-3458 57 7 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 57 8 models model NOUN cana-3458 57 9 are be AUX cana-3458 57 10 considered consider VERB cana-3458 57 11 an an DET cana-3458 57 12 effective effective ADJ cana-3458 57 13 method method NOUN cana-3458 57 14 of of ADP cana-3458 57 15 enhancing enhance VERB cana-3458 57 16 the the DET cana-3458 57 17 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 57 18 of of ADP cana-3458 57 19 integrated integrate VERB cana-3458 57 20 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 57 21 . . PUNCT cana-3458 58 1 lee lee PROPN cana-3458 58 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 58 3 2007 2007 NUM cana-3458 58 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 58 5 introduced introduce VERB cana-3458 58 6 a a DET cana-3458 58 7 multi multi ADJ cana-3458 58 8 - - ADJ cana-3458 58 9 objective objective ADJ cana-3458 58 10 model model NOUN cana-3458 58 11 that that PRON cana-3458 58 12 allows allow VERB cana-3458 58 13 for for ADP cana-3458 58 14 the the DET cana-3458 58 15 revision revision NOUN cana-3458 58 16 of of ADP cana-3458 58 17 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 58 18 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 58 19 times time NOUN cana-3458 58 20 without without ADP cana-3458 58 21 affecting affect VERB cana-3458 58 22 fleet fleet NOUN cana-3458 58 23 assignments assignment NOUN cana-3458 58 24 , , PUNCT cana-3458 58 25 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 58 26 routes route NOUN cana-3458 58 27 , , PUNCT cana-3458 58 28 or or CCONJ cana-3458 58 29 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 58 30 pairings pairing NOUN cana-3458 58 31 . . PUNCT cana-3458 59 1 a a DET cana-3458 59 2 different different ADJ cana-3458 59 3 model model NOUN cana-3458 59 4 was be AUX cana-3458 59 5 created create VERB cana-3458 59 6 by by ADP cana-3458 59 7 burke burke PROPN cana-3458 59 8 et et PROPN cana-3458 59 9 al al PROPN cana-3458 59 10 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 59 11 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 59 12 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 59 13 to to PART cana-3458 59 14 simultaneously simultaneously ADV cana-3458 59 15 re re VERB cana-3458 59 16 - - NOUN cana-3458 59 17 time time NOUN cana-3458 59 18 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 59 19 and and CCONJ cana-3458 59 20 adjust adjust VERB cana-3458 59 21 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 59 22 routings routing NOUN cana-3458 59 23 while while SCONJ cana-3458 59 24 following follow VERB cana-3458 59 25 the the DET cana-3458 59 26 fixed fix VERB cana-3458 59 27 fleet fleet NOUN cana-3458 59 28 assignments assignment NOUN cana-3458 59 29 . . PUNCT cana-3458 60 1 novianingsih novianingsih PROPN cana-3458 60 2 & & CCONJ cana-3458 60 3 hadianti hadianti PROPN cana-3458 60 4 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 60 5 2020 2020 NUM cana-3458 60 6 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 60 7 revised revise VERB cana-3458 60 8 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 60 9 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 60 10 times time NOUN cana-3458 60 11 after after ADP cana-3458 60 12 characterizing characterize VERB cana-3458 60 13 the the DET cana-3458 60 14 types type NOUN cana-3458 60 15 of of ADP cana-3458 60 16 perturbations perturbation NOUN cana-3458 60 17 in in ADP cana-3458 60 18 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 60 19 routings routing NOUN cana-3458 60 20 . . PUNCT cana-3458 61 1 cacchiani cacchiani PROPN cana-3458 61 2 & & CCONJ cana-3458 61 3 salazar salazar PROPN cana-3458 61 4 - - PUNCT cana-3458 61 5 gonzΓ‘lez gonzΓ‘lez PROPN cana-3458 61 6 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 61 7 2020 2020 NUM cana-3458 61 8 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 61 9 adjusted adjust VERB cana-3458 61 10 the the DET cana-3458 61 11 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 61 12 's 's PART cana-3458 61 13 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 61 14 time time NOUN cana-3458 61 15 by by ADP cana-3458 61 16 creating create VERB cana-3458 61 17 a a DET cana-3458 61 18 limited limited ADJ cana-3458 61 19 set set NOUN cana-3458 61 20 of of ADP cana-3458 61 21 options option NOUN cana-3458 61 22 , , PUNCT cana-3458 61 23 while while SCONJ cana-3458 61 24 wen wen PROPN cana-3458 61 25 et et PROPN cana-3458 61 26 al al PROPN cana-3458 61 27 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 61 28 2020 2020 NUM cana-3458 61 29 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 61 30 considered consider VERB cana-3458 61 31 the the DET cana-3458 61 32 variations variation NOUN cana-3458 61 33 in in ADP cana-3458 61 34 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 61 35 durations duration NOUN cana-3458 61 36 . . PUNCT cana-3458 62 1 novianingsih novianingsih PROPN cana-3458 62 2 & & CCONJ cana-3458 62 3 hadianti hadianti PROPN cana-3458 62 4 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 62 5 2016 2016 NUM cana-3458 62 6 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 62 7 introduced introduce VERB cana-3458 62 8 a a DET cana-3458 62 9 method method NOUN cana-3458 62 10 for for ADP cana-3458 62 11 addressing address VERB cana-3458 62 12 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 62 13 retiming retiming NOUN cana-3458 62 14 issues issue NOUN cana-3458 62 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 63 1 the the DET cana-3458 63 2 method method NOUN cana-3458 63 3 involves involve VERB cana-3458 63 4 creating create VERB cana-3458 63 5 many many ADJ cana-3458 63 6 copies copy NOUN cana-3458 63 7 for for ADP cana-3458 63 8 each each DET cana-3458 63 9 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 63 10 and and CCONJ cana-3458 63 11 utilizing utilize VERB cana-3458 63 12 a a DET cana-3458 63 13 genetic genetic ADJ cana-3458 63 14 algorithm algorithm NOUN cana-3458 63 15 to to PART cana-3458 63 16 find find VERB cana-3458 63 17 the the DET cana-3458 63 18 best good ADJ cana-3458 63 19 solution solution NOUN cana-3458 63 20 . . PUNCT cana-3458 64 1 objectives objective VERB cana-3458 64 2 the the DET cana-3458 64 3 objectives objective NOUN cana-3458 64 4 of of ADP cana-3458 64 5 this this DET cana-3458 64 6 study study NOUN cana-3458 64 7 are be AUX cana-3458 64 8 to to PART cana-3458 64 9 determine determine VERB cana-3458 64 10 the the DET cana-3458 64 11 amount amount NOUN cana-3458 64 12 of of ADP cana-3458 64 13 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 64 14 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 64 15 in in ADP cana-3458 64 16 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 64 17 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 64 18 and and CCONJ cana-3458 64 19 to to PART cana-3458 64 20 adjust adjust VERB cana-3458 64 21 the the DET cana-3458 64 22 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 64 23 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 64 24 by by ADP cana-3458 64 25 revising revise VERB cana-3458 64 26 the the DET cana-3458 64 27 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 64 28 times time NOUN cana-3458 64 29 of of ADP cana-3458 64 30 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 64 31 to to PART cana-3458 64 32 allocate allocate VERB cana-3458 64 33 the the DET cana-3458 64 34 estimated estimate VERB cana-3458 64 35 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 64 36 . . PUNCT cana-3458 65 1 this this DET cana-3458 65 2 study study NOUN cana-3458 65 3 represents represent VERB cana-3458 65 4 the the DET cana-3458 65 5 first first ADJ cana-3458 65 6 instance instance NOUN cana-3458 65 7 of of ADP cana-3458 65 8 presenting present VERB cana-3458 65 9 a a DET cana-3458 65 10 method method NOUN cana-3458 65 11 for for ADP cana-3458 65 12 estimating estimate VERB cana-3458 65 13 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 65 14 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 65 15 within within ADP cana-3458 65 16 an an DET cana-3458 65 17 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 65 18 's 's PART cana-3458 65 19 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 65 20 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 65 21 , , PUNCT cana-3458 65 22 to to ADP cana-3458 65 23 the the DET cana-3458 65 24 best good ADJ cana-3458 65 25 of of ADP cana-3458 65 26 current current ADJ cana-3458 65 27 knowledge knowledge NOUN cana-3458 65 28 . . PUNCT cana-3458 66 1 airlines airline NOUN cana-3458 66 2 have have VERB cana-3458 66 3 several several ADJ cana-3458 66 4 advantages advantage NOUN cana-3458 66 5 in in ADP cana-3458 66 6 distributing distribute VERB cana-3458 66 7 the the DET cana-3458 66 8 precise precise ADJ cana-3458 66 9 amount amount NOUN cana-3458 66 10 of of ADP cana-3458 66 11 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 66 12 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 66 13 required require VERB cana-3458 66 14 for for ADP cana-3458 66 15 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 66 16 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 66 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 67 1 this this DET cana-3458 67 2 method method NOUN cana-3458 67 3 enables enable VERB cana-3458 67 4 an an DET cana-3458 67 5 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 67 6 of of ADP cana-3458 67 7 whether whether SCONJ cana-3458 67 8 the the DET cana-3458 67 9 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 67 10 in in ADP cana-3458 67 11 existing exist VERB cana-3458 67 12 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 67 13 are be AUX cana-3458 67 14 adequate adequate ADJ cana-3458 67 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 68 1 furthermore furthermore ADV cana-3458 68 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 68 3 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 68 4 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 68 5 can can AUX cana-3458 68 6 be be AUX cana-3458 68 7 essential essential ADJ cana-3458 68 8 in in ADP cana-3458 68 9 constructing construct VERB cana-3458 68 10 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 68 11 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 68 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 68 13 where where SCONJ cana-3458 68 14 all all PRON cana-3458 68 15 slack slack VERB cana-3458 68 16 within within ADP cana-3458 68 17 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 68 18 is be AUX cana-3458 68 19 optimized optimize VERB cana-3458 68 20 . . PUNCT cana-3458 69 1 research research NOUN cana-3458 69 2 method method NOUN cana-3458 69 3 model model NOUN cana-3458 69 4 of of ADP cana-3458 69 5 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 69 6 delay delay VERB cana-3458 69 7 a a DET cana-3458 69 8 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 69 9 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 69 10 of of ADP cana-3458 69 11 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 69 12 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 69 13 was be AUX cana-3458 69 14 defined define VERB cana-3458 69 15 as as ADP cana-3458 69 16 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 NOUN cana-3458 69 17 = = PRON cana-3458 69 18 max{𝑑𝑑̅̅̅ max{𝑑𝑑̅̅̅ AUX cana-3458 69 19 𝑖 𝑖 X cana-3458 69 20 βˆ’ βˆ’ NOUN cana-3458 69 21 𝑑𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑖 INTJ cana-3458 69 22 , , PUNCT cana-3458 69 23 0 0 NUM cana-3458 69 24 } } PUNCT cana-3458 69 25 , , PUNCT cana-3458 69 26 where where SCONJ cana-3458 69 27 𝑑𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑖 NOUN cana-3458 69 28 and and CCONJ cana-3458 69 29 𝑑𝑑̅̅̅ 𝑑𝑑̅̅̅ PROPN cana-3458 69 30 𝑖 𝑖 PROPN cana-3458 69 31 represented represent VERB cana-3458 69 32 the the DET cana-3458 69 33 planned plan VERB cana-3458 69 34 and and CCONJ cana-3458 69 35 actual actual ADJ cana-3458 69 36 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 69 37 times time NOUN cana-3458 69 38 of of ADP cana-3458 69 39 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 69 40 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 69 41 , , PUNCT cana-3458 69 42 respectively respectively ADV cana-3458 69 43 . . PUNCT cana-3458 70 1 lan lan PROPN cana-3458 70 2 et et PROPN cana-3458 70 3 al al PROPN cana-3458 70 4 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 70 5 2006 2006 NUM cana-3458 70 6 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 70 7 provided provide VERB cana-3458 70 8 a a DET cana-3458 70 9 framework framework NOUN cana-3458 70 10 for for ADP cana-3458 70 11 decomposing decompose VERB cana-3458 70 12 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 70 13 into into ADP cana-3458 70 14 two two NUM cana-3458 70 15 categories category NOUN cana-3458 70 16 : : PUNCT cana-3458 70 17 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 70 18 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 70 19 and and CCONJ cana-3458 70 20 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 70 21 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 70 22 non non ADJ cana-3458 70 23 - - ADJ cana-3458 70 24 propagated propagated ADJ cana-3458 70 25 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 70 26 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 70 27 . . PUNCT cana-3458 70 28 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 70 29 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 70 30 arose arise VERB cana-3458 70 31 from from ADP cana-3458 70 32 waiting wait VERB cana-3458 70 33 for for ADP cana-3458 70 34 incoming incoming ADJ cana-3458 70 35 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 70 36 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 70 37 or or CCONJ cana-3458 70 38 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 70 39 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 70 40 , , PUNCT cana-3458 70 41 while while SCONJ cana-3458 70 42 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 70 43 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 70 44 stemmed stem VERB cana-3458 70 45 from from ADP cana-3458 70 46 other other ADJ cana-3458 70 47 factors factor NOUN cana-3458 70 48 , , PUNCT cana-3458 70 49 including include VERB cana-3458 70 50 airport airport NOUN cana-3458 70 51 conditions condition NOUN cana-3458 70 52 such such ADJ cana-3458 70 53 as as ADP cana-3458 70 54 weather weather NOUN cana-3458 70 55 and and CCONJ cana-3458 70 56 traffic traffic NOUN cana-3458 70 57 . . PUNCT cana-3458 71 1 while while SCONJ cana-3458 71 2 circumstances circumstance NOUN cana-3458 71 3 at at ADP cana-3458 71 4 the the DET cana-3458 71 5 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 71 6 airport airport NOUN cana-3458 71 7 were be AUX cana-3458 71 8 more more ADV cana-3458 71 9 strongly strongly ADV cana-3458 71 10 associated associate VERB cana-3458 71 11 with with ADP cana-3458 71 12 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 71 13 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 71 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 71 15 prior prior ADJ cana-3458 71 16 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 71 17 in in ADP cana-3458 71 18 a a DET cana-3458 71 19 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 71 20 pairing pair VERB cana-3458 71 21 or or CCONJ cana-3458 71 22 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 71 23 on on ADP cana-3458 71 24 applied apply VERB cana-3458 71 25 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 71 26 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 71 27 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 71 28 : : PUNCT cana-3458 71 29 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 71 30 - - PUNCT cana-3458 71 31 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 71 32 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 71 33 32 32 NUM cana-3458 71 34 no no NOUN cana-3458 71 35 . . PUNCT cana-3458 72 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 72 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 72 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 72 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 72 5 475 475 NUM cana-3458 72 6 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 72 7 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 72 8 routing routing NOUN cana-3458 72 9 affected affect VERB cana-3458 72 10 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 72 11 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 72 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 73 1 using use VERB cana-3458 73 2 lan lan PROPN cana-3458 73 3 's 's PART cana-3458 73 4 definition definition NOUN cana-3458 73 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 73 6 a a DET cana-3458 73 7 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 73 8 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 73 9 can can AUX cana-3458 73 10 be be AUX cana-3458 73 11 composed compose VERB cana-3458 73 12 of of ADP cana-3458 73 13 a a DET cana-3458 73 14 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 73 15 and and CCONJ cana-3458 73 16 a a DET cana-3458 73 17 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 73 18 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 73 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 74 1 mathematically mathematically ADV cana-3458 74 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 74 3 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 PART cana-3458 74 4 = = SYM cana-3458 74 5 𝑝𝑑𝑖 𝑝𝑑𝑖 NOUN cana-3458 74 6 + + CCONJ cana-3458 74 7 π‘π‘Ÿπ‘– π‘π‘Ÿπ‘– NOUN cana-3458 74 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 74 9 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 74 10 1 1 X cana-3458 74 11 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 74 12 where where SCONJ cana-3458 74 13 pdi pdi NOUN cana-3458 74 14 and and CCONJ cana-3458 74 15 pri pri PROPN cana-3458 74 16 represented represent VERB cana-3458 74 17 the the DET cana-3458 74 18 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 74 19 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 74 20 and and CCONJ cana-3458 74 21 the the DET cana-3458 74 22 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 74 23 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 74 24 of of ADP cana-3458 74 25 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 74 26 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 74 27 , , PUNCT cana-3458 74 28 respectively respectively ADV cana-3458 74 29 . . PUNCT cana-3458 75 1 let let VERB cana-3458 75 2 f f PROPN cana-3458 75 3 is be AUX cana-3458 75 4 a a DET cana-3458 75 5 set set NOUN cana-3458 75 6 of of ADP cana-3458 75 7 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 75 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 75 9 and and CCONJ cana-3458 75 10 r r NOUN cana-3458 75 11 denotes denote VERB cana-3458 75 12 a a DET cana-3458 75 13 set set NOUN cana-3458 75 14 of of ADP cana-3458 75 15 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 75 16 routings routing NOUN cana-3458 75 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 76 1 an an DET cana-3458 76 2 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 76 3 route route NOUN cana-3458 76 4 comprises comprise VERB cana-3458 76 5 a a DET cana-3458 76 6 sequence sequence NOUN cana-3458 76 7 of of ADP cana-3458 76 8 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 76 9 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 76 10 𝑓1 𝑓1 PROPN cana-3458 76 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 76 12 … … PUNCT cana-3458 76 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 76 14 𝑓𝑖 𝑓𝑖 INTJ cana-3458 76 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 76 16 𝑓𝑗 𝑓𝑗 ADJ cana-3458 76 17 , , PUNCT cana-3458 76 18 … … PUNCT cana-3458 76 19 , , PUNCT cana-3458 76 20 𝑓𝑛 𝑓𝑛 NOUN cana-3458 76 21 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 76 22 assigned assign VERB cana-3458 76 23 for for ADP cana-3458 76 24 a a DET cana-3458 76 25 specific specific ADJ cana-3458 76 26 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 76 27 . . PUNCT cana-3458 77 1 a a DET cana-3458 77 2 set set NOUN cana-3458 77 3 of of ADP cana-3458 77 4 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 77 5 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 77 6 a a PRON cana-3458 77 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 77 8 comprised comprise VERB cana-3458 77 9 all all DET cana-3458 77 10 pairs pair NOUN cana-3458 77 11 of of ADP cana-3458 77 12 consecutive consecutive ADJ cana-3458 77 13 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 77 14 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 77 15 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 77 16 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 77 17 , , PUNCT cana-3458 77 18 fj fj PROPN cana-3458 77 19 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 77 20 in in ADP cana-3458 77 21 r. r. PROPN cana-3458 77 22 the the DET cana-3458 77 23 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 77 24 between between ADP cana-3458 77 25 two two NUM cana-3458 77 26 successive successive ADJ cana-3458 77 27 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 77 28 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 77 29 and and CCONJ cana-3458 77 30 fj fj PROPN cana-3458 77 31 in in ADP cana-3458 77 32 a a PRON cana-3458 77 33 , , PUNCT cana-3458 77 34 represented represent VERB cana-3458 77 35 as as ADP cana-3458 77 36 sij sij PROPN cana-3458 77 37 , , PUNCT cana-3458 77 38 was be AUX cana-3458 77 39 defined define VERB cana-3458 77 40 as as ADP cana-3458 77 41 𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑗 NOUN cana-3458 77 42 = = PUNCT cana-3458 77 43 𝑐𝑖𝑗 𝑐𝑖𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 77 44 = = NOUN cana-3458 77 45 π‘šπ‘–π‘— π‘šπ‘–π‘— NOUN cana-3458 77 46 , , PUNCT cana-3458 77 47 where where SCONJ cana-3458 77 48 𝑐𝑖𝑗 𝑐𝑖𝑗 NOUN cana-3458 77 49 and and CCONJ cana-3458 77 50 π‘šπ‘–π‘— π‘šπ‘–π‘— NOUN cana-3458 77 51 indicate indicate VERB cana-3458 77 52 the the DET cana-3458 77 53 connecting connect VERB cana-3458 77 54 time time NOUN cana-3458 77 55 and and CCONJ cana-3458 77 56 the the DET cana-3458 77 57 minimum minimum ADJ cana-3458 77 58 required require VERB cana-3458 77 59 connection connection NOUN cana-3458 77 60 time time NOUN cana-3458 77 61 between between ADP cana-3458 77 62 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 77 63 between between ADP cana-3458 77 64 two two NUM cana-3458 77 65 consecutive consecutive ADJ cana-3458 77 66 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 77 67 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 77 68 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 77 69 , , PUNCT cana-3458 77 70 fj fj PROPN cana-3458 77 71 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 77 72 in in ADP cana-3458 77 73 r r NOUN cana-3458 77 74 , , PUNCT cana-3458 77 75 respectively respectively ADV cana-3458 77 76 . . PUNCT cana-3458 78 1 the the DET cana-3458 78 2 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 78 3 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 78 4 of of ADP cana-3458 78 5 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 78 6 fj fj PROPN cana-3458 78 7 caused cause VERB cana-3458 78 8 by by ADP cana-3458 78 9 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 78 10 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 78 11 in in ADP cana-3458 78 12 an an DET cana-3458 78 13 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 78 14 connection connection NOUN cana-3458 78 15 is be AUX cana-3458 78 16 determined determine VERB cana-3458 78 17 by by ADP cana-3458 78 18 𝑝𝑑1 𝑝𝑑1 PROPN cana-3458 78 19 = = SYM cana-3458 78 20 0 0 NUM cana-3458 78 21 , , PUNCT cana-3458 78 22 𝑝𝑑𝑗 𝑝𝑑𝑗 NOUN cana-3458 78 23 = = SYM cana-3458 78 24 max{𝑝𝑑𝑖 max{𝑝𝑑𝑖 NOUN cana-3458 78 25 + + CCONJ cana-3458 78 26 π‘π‘Ÿπ‘– π‘π‘Ÿπ‘– NOUN cana-3458 78 27 βˆ’ βˆ’ PROPN cana-3458 78 28 𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 78 29 , , PUNCT cana-3458 78 30 0 0 NUM cana-3458 78 31 } } PUNCT cana-3458 78 32 . . PUNCT cana-3458 79 1 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 79 2 2 2 X cana-3458 79 3 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 79 4 assuming assume VERB cana-3458 79 5 that that SCONJ cana-3458 79 6 all all DET cana-3458 79 7 actual actual ADJ cana-3458 79 8 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 79 9 times time NOUN cana-3458 79 10 are be AUX cana-3458 79 11 identical identical ADJ cana-3458 79 12 to to ADP cana-3458 79 13 the the DET cana-3458 79 14 planned plan VERB cana-3458 79 15 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 79 16 times time NOUN cana-3458 79 17 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 79 18 i.e. i.e. X cana-3458 79 19 , , PUNCT cana-3458 79 20 there there PRON cana-3458 79 21 is be VERB cana-3458 79 22 no no DET cana-3458 79 23 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 79 24 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 79 25 . . PUNCT cana-3458 80 1 hence hence ADV cana-3458 80 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 80 3 the the DET cana-3458 80 4 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 80 5 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 80 6 could could AUX cana-3458 80 7 be be AUX cana-3458 80 8 formulated formulate VERB cana-3458 80 9 as as ADP cana-3458 80 10 𝑑1 𝑑1 NOUN cana-3458 80 11 = = SYM cana-3458 80 12 π‘π‘Ÿ1 π‘π‘Ÿ1 NOUN cana-3458 80 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 80 14 𝑑𝑗 𝑑𝑗 NOUN cana-3458 80 15 = = PUNCT cana-3458 80 16 π‘π‘Ÿπ‘— π‘π‘Ÿπ‘— PROPN cana-3458 80 17 + + NUM cana-3458 80 18 max{𝑝𝑑𝑖 max{𝑝𝑑𝑖 NOUN cana-3458 80 19 + + CCONJ cana-3458 80 20 π‘π‘Ÿπ‘– π‘π‘Ÿπ‘– NOUN cana-3458 80 21 βˆ’ βˆ’ PROPN cana-3458 80 22 𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 80 23 , , PUNCT cana-3458 80 24 0 0 NUM cana-3458 80 25 } } PUNCT cana-3458 80 26 . . PUNCT cana-3458 81 1 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 81 2 3 3 X cana-3458 81 3 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 81 4 it it PRON cana-3458 81 5 was be AUX cana-3458 81 6 essential essential ADJ cana-3458 81 7 to to PART cana-3458 81 8 recognize recognize VERB cana-3458 81 9 that that SCONJ cana-3458 81 10 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 81 11 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 81 12 were be AUX cana-3458 81 13 not not PART cana-3458 81 14 limited limit VERB cana-3458 81 15 to to ADP cana-3458 81 16 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 81 17 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 81 18 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 81 19 they they PRON cana-3458 81 20 could could AUX cana-3458 81 21 also also ADV cana-3458 81 22 occur occur VERB cana-3458 81 23 during during ADP cana-3458 81 24 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 81 25 or or CCONJ cana-3458 81 26 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 81 27 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 81 28 . . PUNCT cana-3458 82 1 this this PRON cana-3458 82 2 means mean VERB cana-3458 82 3 the the DET cana-3458 82 4 methods method NOUN cana-3458 82 5 used use VERB cana-3458 82 6 to to PART cana-3458 82 7 calculate calculate VERB cana-3458 82 8 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 82 9 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 82 10 in in ADP cana-3458 82 11 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 82 12 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 82 13 could could AUX cana-3458 82 14 also also ADV cana-3458 82 15 be be AUX cana-3458 82 16 applied apply VERB cana-3458 82 17 to to ADP cana-3458 82 18 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 82 19 itineraries itinerary NOUN cana-3458 82 20 and and CCONJ cana-3458 82 21 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 82 22 pairings pairing NOUN cana-3458 82 23 . . PUNCT cana-3458 83 1 novianingsih novianingsih PROPN cana-3458 83 2 & & CCONJ cana-3458 83 3 hadianti hadianti PROPN cana-3458 83 4 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 83 5 2016 2016 NUM cana-3458 83 6 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 83 7 provided provide VERB cana-3458 83 8 a a DET cana-3458 83 9 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ cana-3458 83 10 explanation explanation NOUN cana-3458 83 11 of of ADP cana-3458 83 12 the the DET cana-3458 83 13 formula formula NOUN cana-3458 83 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 84 1 the the DET cana-3458 84 2 following follow VERB cana-3458 84 3 relationships relationship NOUN cana-3458 84 4 were be AUX cana-3458 84 5 established establish VERB cana-3458 84 6 : : PUNCT cana-3458 84 7 𝑝𝑑𝑗 𝑝𝑑𝑗 NOUN cana-3458 84 8 = = PUNCT cana-3458 84 9 max{𝑝𝑑𝑗 max{𝑝𝑑𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 84 10 𝐴 𝐴 PROPN cana-3458 84 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 84 12 𝑝𝑑𝑗 𝑝𝑑𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 84 13 𝐢 𝐢 PROPN cana-3458 84 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 84 15 𝑝𝑑𝑗 𝑝𝑑𝑗 VERB cana-3458 84 16 𝑃 𝑃 PROPN cana-3458 84 17 } } PUNCT cana-3458 84 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 84 19 and and CCONJ cana-3458 84 20 π‘π‘Ÿπ‘— π‘π‘Ÿπ‘— VERB cana-3458 84 21 = = PUNCT cana-3458 84 22 𝑑𝑗 𝑑𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 84 23 βˆ’ βˆ’ PROPN cana-3458 84 24 max{𝑝𝑑𝑗 max{𝑝𝑑𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 84 25 𝐴 𝐴 PROPN cana-3458 84 26 , , PUNCT cana-3458 84 27 𝑝𝑑𝑗 𝑝𝑑𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 84 28 𝐢 𝐢 PROPN cana-3458 84 29 , , PUNCT cana-3458 84 30 𝑝𝑑𝑗 𝑝𝑑𝑗 VERB cana-3458 84 31 𝑃 𝑃 NOUN cana-3458 84 32 } } PUNCT cana-3458 84 33 . . PUNCT cana-3458 85 1 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 85 2 4 4 X cana-3458 85 3 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 85 4 this this PRON cana-3458 85 5 was be AUX cana-3458 85 6 achieved achieve VERB cana-3458 85 7 by by ADP cana-3458 85 8 considering consider VERB cana-3458 85 9 c c PROPN cana-3458 85 10 and and CCONJ cana-3458 85 11 p p NOUN cana-3458 85 12 as as ADP cana-3458 85 13 a a DET cana-3458 85 14 set set NOUN cana-3458 85 15 of of ADP cana-3458 85 16 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 85 17 and and CCONJ cana-3458 85 18 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 85 19 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 85 20 , , PUNCT cana-3458 85 21 respectively respectively ADV cana-3458 85 22 , , PUNCT cana-3458 85 23 and and CCONJ cana-3458 85 24 𝑝𝑑𝑗 𝑝𝑑𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 85 25 𝐴 𝐴 PROPN cana-3458 85 26 , , PUNCT cana-3458 85 27 𝑝𝑑𝑗 𝑝𝑑𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 85 28 𝐢 𝐢 PROPN cana-3458 85 29 , , PUNCT cana-3458 85 30 𝑝𝑑𝑗 𝑝𝑑𝑗 VERB cana-3458 85 31 𝑃 𝑃 NOUN cana-3458 85 32 as as ADP cana-3458 85 33 the the DET cana-3458 85 34 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 85 35 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 85 36 of of ADP cana-3458 85 37 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 85 38 fj fj PROPN cana-3458 85 39 in in ADP cana-3458 85 40 the the DET cana-3458 85 41 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 85 42 , , PUNCT cana-3458 85 43 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 85 44 , , PUNCT cana-3458 85 45 and and CCONJ cana-3458 85 46 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 85 47 , , PUNCT cana-3458 85 48 respectively respectively ADV cana-3458 85 49 . . PUNCT cana-3458 86 1 if if SCONJ cana-3458 86 2 𝑝𝑑𝑗 𝑝𝑑𝑗 NOUN cana-3458 86 3 𝐴 𝐴 NOUN cana-3458 86 4 = = PROPN cana-3458 86 5 𝑝𝑑𝑗 𝑝𝑑𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 86 6 𝐢 𝐢 PROPN cana-3458 86 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 86 8 = = SYM cana-3458 86 9 𝑝𝑑𝑗 𝑝𝑑𝑗 NOUN cana-3458 86 10 𝑃 𝑃 NOUN cana-3458 86 11 = = SYM cana-3458 86 12 0 0 NUM cana-3458 86 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 86 14 then then ADV cana-3458 86 15 π‘π‘Ÿπ‘— π‘π‘Ÿπ‘— VERB cana-3458 86 16 = = PUNCT cana-3458 86 17 𝑑𝑗. 𝑑𝑗. VERB cana-3458 86 18 the the DET cana-3458 86 19 result result NOUN cana-3458 86 20 indicates indicate VERB cana-3458 86 21 that that SCONJ cana-3458 86 22 to to PART cana-3458 86 23 reduce reduce VERB cana-3458 86 24 propagated propagated ADJ cana-3458 86 25 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 86 26 , , PUNCT cana-3458 86 27 the the DET cana-3458 86 28 minimum minimum ADJ cana-3458 86 29 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 86 30 duration duration NOUN cana-3458 86 31 allocated allocate VERB cana-3458 86 32 to to ADP cana-3458 86 33 the the DET cana-3458 86 34 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 86 35 connection connection NOUN cana-3458 86 36 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 86 37 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 86 38 , , PUNCT cana-3458 86 39 fj fj PROPN cana-3458 86 40 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 86 41 must must AUX cana-3458 86 42 equal equal VERB cana-3458 86 43 to to ADP cana-3458 86 44 the the DET cana-3458 86 45 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 86 46 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 86 47 of of ADP cana-3458 86 48 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 86 49 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 86 50 . . PUNCT cana-3458 86 51 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 86 52 kernel kernel PROPN cana-3458 86 53 density density PROPN cana-3458 86 54 estimation estimation NOUN cana-3458 86 55 this this DET cana-3458 86 56 study study NOUN cana-3458 86 57 focused focus VERB cana-3458 86 58 on on ADP cana-3458 86 59 determining determine VERB cana-3458 86 60 the the DET cana-3458 86 61 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 86 62 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 86 63 allocation allocation NOUN cana-3458 86 64 in in ADP cana-3458 86 65 an an DET cana-3458 86 66 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 86 67 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 86 68 . . PUNCT cana-3458 87 1 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 87 2 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 87 3 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 87 4 were be AUX cana-3458 87 5 used use VERB cana-3458 87 6 to to PART cana-3458 87 7 model model VERB cana-3458 87 8 the the DET cana-3458 87 9 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 87 10 of of ADP cana-3458 87 11 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 87 12 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 87 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 88 1 an an DET cana-3458 88 2 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 88 3 of of ADP cana-3458 88 4 the the DET cana-3458 88 5 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 88 6 data datum NOUN cana-3458 88 7 identified identify VERB cana-3458 88 8 a a DET cana-3458 88 9 connection connection NOUN cana-3458 88 10 between between ADP cana-3458 88 11 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 88 12 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 88 13 and and CCONJ cana-3458 88 14 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 88 15 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 88 16 times time NOUN cana-3458 88 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 89 1 this this DET cana-3458 89 2 observation observation NOUN cana-3458 89 3 led lead VERB cana-3458 89 4 to to ADP cana-3458 89 5 developing develop VERB cana-3458 89 6 a a DET cana-3458 89 7 model model NOUN cana-3458 89 8 that that PRON cana-3458 89 9 considered consider VERB cana-3458 89 10 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 89 11 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 89 12 and and CCONJ cana-3458 89 13 their their PRON cana-3458 89 14 durations duration NOUN cana-3458 89 15 through through ADP cana-3458 89 16 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 89 17 probability probability NOUN cana-3458 89 18 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 89 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 90 1 these these DET cana-3458 90 2 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 90 3 played play VERB cana-3458 90 4 a a DET cana-3458 90 5 crucial crucial ADJ cana-3458 90 6 role role NOUN cana-3458 90 7 in in ADP cana-3458 90 8 calculating calculate VERB cana-3458 90 9 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 90 10 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 90 11 for for ADP cana-3458 90 12 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 90 13 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 90 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 91 1 the the DET cana-3458 91 2 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 91 3 of of ADP cana-3458 91 4 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 91 5 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 91 6 data datum NOUN cana-3458 91 7 also also ADV cana-3458 91 8 enabled enable VERB cana-3458 91 9 the the DET cana-3458 91 10 identification identification NOUN cana-3458 91 11 of of ADP cana-3458 91 12 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 91 13 and and CCONJ cana-3458 91 14 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 91 15 with with ADP cana-3458 91 16 a a DET cana-3458 91 17 higher high ADJ cana-3458 91 18 likelihood likelihood NOUN cana-3458 91 19 of of ADP cana-3458 91 20 experiencing experience VERB cana-3458 91 21 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 91 22 . . PUNCT cana-3458 92 1 additionally additionally ADV cana-3458 92 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 92 3 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 92 4 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 92 5 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 92 6 at at ADP cana-3458 92 7 arrival arrival NOUN cana-3458 92 8 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 92 9 on on ADP cana-3458 92 10 applied apply VERB cana-3458 92 11 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 92 12 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 92 13 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 92 14 : : PUNCT cana-3458 92 15 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 92 16 - - PUNCT cana-3458 92 17 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 92 18 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 92 19 32 32 NUM cana-3458 92 20 no no NOUN cana-3458 92 21 . . PUNCT cana-3458 93 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 93 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 93 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 93 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 93 5 476 476 NUM cana-3458 93 6 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 93 7 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 93 8 were be AUX cana-3458 93 9 incorporated incorporate VERB cana-3458 93 10 into into ADP cana-3458 93 11 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 93 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 94 1 the the DET cana-3458 94 2 duration duration NOUN cana-3458 94 3 of of ADP cana-3458 94 4 the the DET cana-3458 94 5 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 94 6 and and CCONJ cana-3458 94 7 the the DET cana-3458 94 8 time time NOUN cana-3458 94 9 of of ADP cana-3458 94 10 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 94 11 were be AUX cana-3458 94 12 the the DET cana-3458 94 13 two two NUM cana-3458 94 14 main main ADJ cana-3458 94 15 characteristics characteristic NOUN cana-3458 94 16 of of ADP cana-3458 94 17 each each DET cana-3458 94 18 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 94 19 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 94 20 . . PUNCT cana-3458 95 1 the the DET cana-3458 95 2 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 95 3 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 95 4 for for ADP cana-3458 95 5 total total ADJ cana-3458 95 6 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 95 7 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 95 8 and and CCONJ cana-3458 95 9 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 95 10 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 95 11 for for ADP cana-3458 95 12 each each DET cana-3458 95 13 airport airport NOUN cana-3458 95 14 in in ADP cana-3458 95 15 the the DET cana-3458 95 16 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 95 17 were be AUX cana-3458 95 18 derived derive VERB cana-3458 95 19 using use VERB cana-3458 95 20 the the DET cana-3458 95 21 kernel kernel PROPN cana-3458 95 22 density density PROPN cana-3458 95 23 estimation estimation PROPN cana-3458 95 24 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 95 25 kde kde NOUN cana-3458 95 26 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 95 27 method method NOUN cana-3458 95 28 . . PUNCT cana-3458 96 1 these these DET cana-3458 96 2 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 96 3 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 96 4 allowed allow VERB cana-3458 96 5 airport airport NOUN cana-3458 96 6 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 96 7 representation representation NOUN cana-3458 96 8 with with ADP cana-3458 96 9 a a DET cana-3458 96 10 single single ADJ cana-3458 96 11 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 96 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 97 1 when when SCONJ cana-3458 97 2 the the DET cana-3458 97 3 focus focus NOUN cana-3458 97 4 was be AUX cana-3458 97 5 on on ADP cana-3458 97 6 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 97 7 at at ADP cana-3458 97 8 a a DET cana-3458 97 9 specific specific ADJ cana-3458 97 10 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 97 11 time time NOUN cana-3458 97 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 97 13 the the DET cana-3458 97 14 conditional conditional ADJ cana-3458 97 15 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 97 16 for for ADP cana-3458 97 17 that that DET cana-3458 97 18 time time NOUN cana-3458 97 19 could could AUX cana-3458 97 20 be be AUX cana-3458 97 21 extracted extract VERB cana-3458 97 22 using use VERB cana-3458 97 23 the the DET cana-3458 97 24 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 97 25 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 97 26 . . PUNCT cana-3458 98 1 this this DET cana-3458 98 2 method method NOUN cana-3458 98 3 represented represent VERB cana-3458 98 4 an an DET cana-3458 98 5 advancement advancement NOUN cana-3458 98 6 over over ADP cana-3458 98 7 prior prior ADJ cana-3458 98 8 studies study NOUN cana-3458 98 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 98 10 where where SCONJ cana-3458 98 11 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 98 12 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 98 13 were be AUX cana-3458 98 14 modeled model VERB cana-3458 98 15 using use VERB cana-3458 98 16 univariate univariate ADJ cana-3458 98 17 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 98 18 that that PRON cana-3458 98 19 depended depend VERB cana-3458 98 20 solely solely ADV cana-3458 98 21 on on ADP cana-3458 98 22 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 98 23 durations duration NOUN cana-3458 98 24 or or CCONJ cana-3458 98 25 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 98 26 times time NOUN cana-3458 98 27 . . PUNCT cana-3458 99 1 for for ADP cana-3458 99 2 example example NOUN cana-3458 99 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 99 4 lan lan PROPN cana-3458 99 5 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 99 6 2006 2006 NUM cana-3458 99 7 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 99 8 applied apply VERB cana-3458 99 9 a a DET cana-3458 99 10 log log NOUN cana-3458 99 11 - - PUNCT cana-3458 99 12 normal normal ADJ cana-3458 99 13 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 99 14 to to PART cana-3458 99 15 model model VERB cana-3458 99 16 arrival arrival NOUN cana-3458 99 17 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 99 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 99 19 while while SCONJ cana-3458 99 20 schaefer schaefer PROPN cana-3458 99 21 et et PROPN cana-3458 99 22 al al PROPN cana-3458 99 23 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 99 24 2005 2005 NUM cana-3458 99 25 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 99 26 used use VERB cana-3458 99 27 various various ADJ cana-3458 99 28 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 99 29 , , PUNCT cana-3458 99 30 including include VERB cana-3458 99 31 gamma gamma NOUN cana-3458 99 32 , , PUNCT cana-3458 99 33 erlang erlang PROPN cana-3458 99 34 , , PUNCT cana-3458 99 35 and and CCONJ cana-3458 99 36 beta beta NOUN cana-3458 99 37 , , PUNCT cana-3458 99 38 to to PART cana-3458 99 39 model model VERB cana-3458 99 40 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 99 41 and and CCONJ cana-3458 99 42 ground ground NOUN cana-3458 99 43 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 99 44 . . PUNCT cana-3458 100 1 tu tu PROPN cana-3458 100 2 and and CCONJ cana-3458 100 3 ball ball PROPN cana-3458 100 4 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 100 5 2008 2008 NUM cana-3458 100 6 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 100 7 also also ADV cana-3458 100 8 used use VERB cana-3458 100 9 a a DET cana-3458 100 10 mixture mixture NOUN cana-3458 100 11 of of ADP cana-3458 100 12 normal normal ADJ cana-3458 100 13 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 100 14 for for ADP cana-3458 100 15 modeling modeling NOUN cana-3458 100 16 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 100 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 101 1 consider consider VERB cana-3458 101 2 n n PRON cana-3458 101 3 delay delay VERB cana-3458 101 4 data datum NOUN cana-3458 101 5 𝐗1 𝐗1 NOUN cana-3458 101 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 101 7 … … PUNCT cana-3458 101 8 𝐗𝑛 𝐗𝑛 NOUN cana-3458 101 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 101 10 where where SCONJ cana-3458 101 11 𝐗𝑖 𝐗𝑖 ADV cana-3458 101 12 = = PUNCT cana-3458 101 13 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 101 14 𝑠𝑖 𝑠𝑖 PROPN cana-3458 101 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 101 16 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 NOUN cana-3458 101 17 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 101 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 101 19 𝑠𝑖 𝑠𝑖 NOUN cana-3458 101 20 and and CCONJ cana-3458 101 21 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 NOUN cana-3458 101 22 were be AUX cana-3458 101 23 the the DET cana-3458 101 24 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 101 25 time time NOUN cana-3458 101 26 and and CCONJ cana-3458 101 27 delay delay VERB cana-3458 101 28 duration duration NOUN cana-3458 101 29 of of ADP cana-3458 101 30 the the DET cana-3458 101 31 i i PROPN cana-3458 101 32 - - PUNCT cana-3458 101 33 th th X cana-3458 101 34 data datum NOUN cana-3458 101 35 , , PUNCT cana-3458 101 36 respectively respectively ADV cana-3458 101 37 . . PUNCT cana-3458 102 1 if if SCONJ cana-3458 102 2 𝐱 𝐱 PROPN cana-3458 102 3 = = SYM cana-3458 102 4 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 102 5 π‘₯1 π‘₯1 NOUN cana-3458 102 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 102 7 π‘₯2 π‘₯2 NOUN cana-3458 102 8 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 102 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 102 10 the the DET cana-3458 102 11 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 102 12 kde kde NOUN cana-3458 102 13 is be AUX cana-3458 102 14 defined define VERB cana-3458 102 15 to to PART cana-3458 102 16 be be AUX cana-3458 102 17 𝑓𝐇(𝐱 𝑓𝐇(𝐱 NUM cana-3458 102 18 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 102 19 = = SYM cana-3458 102 20 1 1 NUM cana-3458 102 21 𝑛 𝑛 PRON cana-3458 102 22 βˆ‘ βˆ‘ PUNCT cana-3458 102 23 𝐾𝐇(𝐱 𝐾𝐇(𝐱 VERB cana-3458 102 24 βˆ’ βˆ’ ADP cana-3458 102 25 𝐗𝑖 𝐗𝑖 ADV cana-3458 102 26 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 102 27 𝑛 𝑛 PRON cana-3458 103 1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1 PROPN cana-3458 103 2 . . PUNCT cana-3458 104 1 the the DET cana-3458 104 2 bandwidth bandwidth ADJ cana-3458 104 3 2ο‚΄2 2ο‚΄2 NOUN cana-3458 104 4 matrix matrix NOUN cana-3458 104 5 h h NOUN cana-3458 104 6 was be AUX cana-3458 104 7 symmetric symmetric ADJ cana-3458 104 8 and and CCONJ cana-3458 104 9 positive positive ADJ cana-3458 104 10 definite definite ADJ cana-3458 104 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 104 12 and and CCONJ cana-3458 104 13 𝐾𝐇(𝐱 𝐾𝐇(𝐱 ADJ cana-3458 104 14 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 104 15 = = SYM cana-3458 104 16 |𝐇|βˆ’1/2𝐾(π‡βˆ’1/2𝐱 |𝐇|βˆ’1/2𝐾(π‡βˆ’1/2𝐱 PROPN cana-3458 104 17 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 104 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 105 1 we we PRON cana-3458 105 2 used use VERB cana-3458 105 3 the the DET cana-3458 105 4 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 105 5 normal normal ADJ cana-3458 105 6 kernel kernel NOUN cana-3458 105 7 function function VERB cana-3458 105 8 𝐾(𝐱 𝐾(𝐱 PRON cana-3458 105 9 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 105 10 = = SYM cana-3458 106 1 2πœ‹βˆ’1/2exp 2πœ‹βˆ’1/2exp PROPN cana-3458 106 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 106 3 βˆ’ βˆ’ PROPN cana-3458 106 4 1 1 NUM cana-3458 106 5 2 2 NUM cana-3458 106 6 𝐱t𝐱 𝐱t𝐱 NUM cana-3458 106 7 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 106 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 106 9 a a DET cana-3458 106 10 choice choice NOUN cana-3458 106 11 made make VERB cana-3458 106 12 for for ADP cana-3458 106 13 its its PRON cana-3458 106 14 smoothness smoothness NOUN cana-3458 106 15 and and CCONJ cana-3458 106 16 symmetry symmetry NOUN cana-3458 106 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 107 1 therefore therefore ADV cana-3458 107 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 107 3 we we PRON cana-3458 107 4 fixed fix VERB cana-3458 107 5 𝐇 𝐇 PROPN cana-3458 107 6 = = PUNCT cana-3458 107 7 diag(β„Ž1 diag(β„Ž1 ADJ cana-3458 107 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 107 9 β„Ž2 β„Ž2 NOUN cana-3458 107 10 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 107 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 107 12 where where SCONJ cana-3458 107 13 βˆšβ„Žπ‘– βˆšβ„Žπ‘– NOUN cana-3458 107 14 = = SYM cana-3458 107 15 π‘›βˆ’1/6πœŽπ‘– π‘›βˆ’1/6πœŽπ‘– PROPN cana-3458 107 16 , , PUNCT cana-3458 107 17 for for ADP cana-3458 107 18 i i PROPN cana-3458 107 19 = = SYM cana-3458 107 20 1,2 1,2 NUM cana-3458 107 21 and and CCONJ cana-3458 107 22 πœŽπ‘– πœŽπ‘– NUM cana-3458 107 23 was be AUX cana-3458 107 24 the the DET cana-3458 107 25 standard standard ADJ cana-3458 107 26 deviation deviation NOUN cana-3458 107 27 of of ADP cana-3458 107 28 the the DET cana-3458 107 29 i i PROPN cana-3458 107 30 - - PUNCT cana-3458 107 31 th th VERB cana-3458 107 32 variable variable NOUN cana-3458 107 33 . . PUNCT cana-3458 108 1 the the DET cana-3458 108 2 proposed propose VERB cana-3458 108 3 method method NOUN cana-3458 108 4 incorporated incorporate VERB cana-3458 108 5 a a DET cana-3458 108 6 threshold threshold NOUN cana-3458 108 7 technique technique NOUN cana-3458 108 8 for for ADP cana-3458 108 9 identifying identify VERB cana-3458 108 10 the the DET cana-3458 108 11 ideal ideal ADJ cana-3458 108 12 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 108 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 108 14 using use VERB cana-3458 108 15 the the DET cana-3458 108 16 total total ADJ cana-3458 108 17 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 108 18 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 108 19 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 108 20 and and CCONJ cana-3458 108 21 the the DET cana-3458 108 22 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 108 23 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 108 24 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 108 25 . . PUNCT cana-3458 109 1 this this DET cana-3458 109 2 study study NOUN cana-3458 109 3 utilized utilize VERB cana-3458 109 4 total total ADJ cana-3458 109 5 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 109 6 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 109 7 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 109 8 to to PART cana-3458 109 9 identify identify VERB cana-3458 109 10 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 109 11 likely likely ADJ cana-3458 109 12 to to PART cana-3458 109 13 experience experience VERB cana-3458 109 14 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 109 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 109 16 emphasizing emphasize VERB cana-3458 109 17 the the DET cana-3458 109 18 importance importance NOUN cana-3458 109 19 of of ADP cana-3458 109 20 the the DET cana-3458 109 21 initial initial ADJ cana-3458 109 22 threshold threshold NOUN cana-3458 109 23 . . PUNCT cana-3458 110 1 for for ADP cana-3458 110 2 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 110 3 identified identify VERB cana-3458 110 4 as as ADP cana-3458 110 5 having have VERB cana-3458 110 6 a a DET cana-3458 110 7 higher high ADJ cana-3458 110 8 likelihood likelihood NOUN cana-3458 110 9 of of ADP cana-3458 110 10 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 110 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 110 12 the the DET cana-3458 110 13 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 110 14 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 110 15 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 110 16 were be AUX cana-3458 110 17 used use VERB cana-3458 110 18 to to PART cana-3458 110 19 estimate estimate VERB cana-3458 110 20 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 110 21 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 110 22 , , PUNCT cana-3458 110 23 with with ADP cana-3458 110 24 the the DET cana-3458 110 25 second second ADJ cana-3458 110 26 threshold threshold NOUN cana-3458 110 27 coming come VERB cana-3458 110 28 into into ADP cana-3458 110 29 play play NOUN cana-3458 110 30 . . PUNCT cana-3458 111 1 this this DET cana-3458 111 2 threshold threshold NOUN cana-3458 111 3 method method NOUN cana-3458 111 4 represented represent VERB cana-3458 111 5 a a DET cana-3458 111 6 unique unique ADJ cana-3458 111 7 contribution contribution NOUN cana-3458 111 8 to to ADP cana-3458 111 9 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 111 10 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 111 11 estimation estimation NOUN cana-3458 111 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 112 1 after after SCONJ cana-3458 112 2 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 112 3 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 112 4 was be AUX cana-3458 112 5 calculated calculate VERB cana-3458 112 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 112 7 it it PRON cana-3458 112 8 was be AUX cana-3458 112 9 allocated allocate VERB cana-3458 112 10 to to ADP cana-3458 112 11 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 112 12 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 112 13 by by ADP cana-3458 112 14 adjusting adjust VERB cana-3458 112 15 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 112 16 times time NOUN cana-3458 112 17 within within ADP cana-3458 112 18 narrow narrow ADJ cana-3458 112 19 time time NOUN cana-3458 112 20 windows window NOUN cana-3458 112 21 . . PUNCT cana-3458 113 1 however however ADV cana-3458 113 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 113 3 it it PRON cana-3458 113 4 was be AUX cana-3458 113 5 important important ADJ cana-3458 113 6 to to PART cana-3458 113 7 acknowledge acknowledge VERB cana-3458 113 8 that that SCONJ cana-3458 113 9 allocating allocate VERB cana-3458 113 10 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 113 11 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 113 12 could could AUX cana-3458 113 13 impact impact VERB cana-3458 113 14 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 113 15 feasibility feasibility NOUN cana-3458 113 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 114 1 to to PART cana-3458 114 2 address address VERB cana-3458 114 3 this this PRON cana-3458 114 4 , , PUNCT cana-3458 114 5 an an DET cana-3458 114 6 optimization optimization NOUN cana-3458 114 7 model model NOUN cana-3458 114 8 was be AUX cana-3458 114 9 developed develop VERB cana-3458 114 10 to to PART cana-3458 114 11 rearrange rearrange VERB cana-3458 114 12 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 114 13 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 114 14 times time NOUN cana-3458 114 15 and and CCONJ cana-3458 114 16 create create VERB cana-3458 114 17 new new ADJ cana-3458 114 18 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 114 19 while while SCONJ cana-3458 114 20 ensuring ensure VERB cana-3458 114 21 that that SCONJ cana-3458 114 22 all all DET cana-3458 114 23 slack slack VERB cana-3458 114 24 within within ADP cana-3458 114 25 these these DET cana-3458 114 26 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 114 27 was be AUX cana-3458 114 28 optimized optimize VERB cana-3458 114 29 . . PUNCT cana-3458 115 1 the the DET cana-3458 115 2 original original ADJ cana-3458 115 3 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 115 4 routings routing NOUN cana-3458 115 5 and and CCONJ cana-3458 115 6 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 115 7 itineraries itinerary NOUN cana-3458 115 8 were be AUX cana-3458 115 9 retained retain VERB cana-3458 115 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 115 11 as as ADP cana-3458 115 12 these these DET cana-3458 115 13 routings routing NOUN cana-3458 115 14 from from ADP cana-3458 115 15 the the DET cana-3458 115 16 original original ADJ cana-3458 115 17 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 115 18 served serve VERB cana-3458 115 19 to to PART cana-3458 115 20 minimize minimize VERB cana-3458 115 21 the the DET cana-3458 115 22 total total ADJ cana-3458 115 23 planned plan VERB cana-3458 115 24 cost cost NOUN cana-3458 115 25 . . PUNCT cana-3458 116 1 the the DET cana-3458 116 2 model model NOUN cana-3458 116 3 was be AUX cana-3458 116 4 formulated formulate VERB cana-3458 116 5 as as ADP cana-3458 116 6 an an DET cana-3458 116 7 integer integer NOUN cana-3458 116 8 non non ADJ cana-3458 116 9 - - ADJ cana-3458 116 10 linear linear ADJ cana-3458 116 11 programming programming NOUN cana-3458 116 12 problem problem NOUN cana-3458 116 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 116 14 with with ADP cana-3458 116 15 the the DET cana-3458 116 16 objective objective ADJ cana-3458 116 17 function function NOUN cana-3458 116 18 representing represent VERB cana-3458 116 19 the the DET cana-3458 116 20 proportion proportion NOUN cana-3458 116 21 of of ADP cana-3458 116 22 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 116 23 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 116 24 that that PRON cana-3458 116 25 could could AUX cana-3458 116 26 be be AUX cana-3458 116 27 allocated allocate VERB cana-3458 116 28 within within ADP cana-3458 116 29 the the DET cana-3458 116 30 new new ADJ cana-3458 116 31 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 116 32 . . PUNCT cana-3458 117 1 consequently consequently ADV cana-3458 117 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 117 3 the the DET cana-3458 117 4 proposed propose VERB cana-3458 117 5 model model NOUN cana-3458 117 6 was be AUX cana-3458 117 7 implemented implement VERB cana-3458 117 8 and and CCONJ cana-3458 117 9 solved solve VERB cana-3458 117 10 using use VERB cana-3458 117 11 lingo lingo NOUN cana-3458 117 12 20 20 NUM cana-3458 117 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 118 1 the the DET cana-3458 118 2 methodology methodology NOUN cana-3458 118 3 was be AUX cana-3458 118 4 implemented implement VERB cana-3458 118 5 on on ADP cana-3458 118 6 an an DET cana-3458 118 7 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 118 8 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 118 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 118 10 using use VERB cana-3458 118 11 one one NUM cana-3458 118 12 year year NOUN cana-3458 118 13 of of ADP cana-3458 118 14 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 118 15 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 118 16 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 118 17 data datum NOUN cana-3458 118 18 from from ADP cana-3458 118 19 the the DET cana-3458 118 20 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 118 21 to to PART cana-3458 118 22 get get VERB cana-3458 118 23 both both CCONJ cana-3458 118 24 the the DET cana-3458 118 25 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 118 26 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 118 27 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 118 28 and and CCONJ cana-3458 118 29 the the DET cana-3458 118 30 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 118 31 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 118 32 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 118 33 . . PUNCT cana-3458 119 1 these these DET cana-3458 119 2 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 119 3 were be AUX cana-3458 119 4 used use VERB cana-3458 119 5 to to PART cana-3458 119 6 determine determine VERB cana-3458 119 7 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 119 8 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 119 9 estimations estimation NOUN cana-3458 119 10 using use VERB cana-3458 119 11 the the DET cana-3458 119 12 threshold threshold NOUN cana-3458 119 13 method method NOUN cana-3458 119 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 120 1 new new ADJ cana-3458 120 2 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 120 3 on on ADP cana-3458 120 4 applied apply VERB cana-3458 120 5 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 120 6 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 120 7 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 120 8 : : PUNCT cana-3458 120 9 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 120 10 - - PUNCT cana-3458 120 11 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 120 12 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 120 13 32 32 NUM cana-3458 120 14 no no NOUN cana-3458 120 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 121 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 121 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 121 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 121 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 121 5 477 477 NUM cana-3458 122 1 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 122 2 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 122 3 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 122 4 were be AUX cana-3458 122 5 then then ADV cana-3458 122 6 produced produce VERB cana-3458 122 7 using use VERB cana-3458 122 8 the the DET cana-3458 122 9 re re ADJ cana-3458 122 10 - - NOUN cana-3458 122 11 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 122 12 model model NOUN cana-3458 122 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 123 1 this this DET cana-3458 123 2 effort effort NOUN cana-3458 123 3 resulted result VERB cana-3458 123 4 in in ADP cana-3458 123 5 a a DET cana-3458 123 6 new new ADJ cana-3458 123 7 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 123 8 in in ADP cana-3458 123 9 which which PRON cana-3458 123 10 almost almost ADV cana-3458 123 11 all all PRON cana-3458 123 12 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 123 13 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 123 14 was be AUX cana-3458 123 15 allocated allocate VERB cana-3458 123 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 124 1 a a DET cana-3458 124 2 simulation simulation NOUN cana-3458 124 3 was be AUX cana-3458 124 4 conducted conduct VERB cana-3458 124 5 to to PART cana-3458 124 6 assess assess VERB cana-3458 124 7 the the DET cana-3458 124 8 performance performance NOUN cana-3458 124 9 of of ADP cana-3458 124 10 the the DET cana-3458 124 11 new new ADJ cana-3458 124 12 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 124 13 under under ADP cana-3458 124 14 different different ADJ cana-3458 124 15 conditions condition NOUN cana-3458 124 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 125 1 this this DET cana-3458 125 2 simulation simulation NOUN cana-3458 125 3 included include VERB cana-3458 125 4 the the DET cana-3458 125 5 introduction introduction NOUN cana-3458 125 6 of of ADP cana-3458 125 7 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 125 8 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 125 9 based base VERB cana-3458 125 10 on on ADP cana-3458 125 11 the the DET cana-3458 125 12 respective respective ADJ cana-3458 125 13 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 125 14 patterns pattern NOUN cana-3458 125 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 126 1 subsequently subsequently ADV cana-3458 126 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 126 3 a a DET cana-3458 126 4 comparison comparison NOUN cana-3458 126 5 of of ADP cana-3458 126 6 the the DET cana-3458 126 7 resilience resilience NOUN cana-3458 126 8 between between ADP cana-3458 126 9 the the DET cana-3458 126 10 original original ADJ cana-3458 126 11 and and CCONJ cana-3458 126 12 the the DET cana-3458 126 13 new new ADJ cana-3458 126 14 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 126 15 was be AUX cana-3458 126 16 carried carry VERB cana-3458 126 17 out out ADP cana-3458 126 18 by by ADP cana-3458 126 19 calculating calculate VERB cana-3458 126 20 various various ADJ cana-3458 126 21 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 126 22 measures measure NOUN cana-3458 126 23 . . PUNCT cana-3458 127 1 results result NOUN cana-3458 127 2 and and CCONJ cana-3458 127 3 discussion discussion NOUN cana-3458 127 4 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 127 5 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 127 6 calculation calculation NOUN cana-3458 127 7 the the DET cana-3458 127 8 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 127 9 probability probability NOUN cana-3458 127 10 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 127 11 of of ADP cana-3458 127 12 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 127 13 and and CCONJ cana-3458 127 14 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 127 15 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 127 16 , , PUNCT cana-3458 127 17 which which PRON cana-3458 127 18 included include VERB cana-3458 127 19 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 127 20 and and CCONJ cana-3458 127 21 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 127 22 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 127 23 times time NOUN cana-3458 127 24 as as ADP cana-3458 127 25 variables variable NOUN cana-3458 127 26 , , PUNCT cana-3458 127 27 was be AUX cana-3458 127 28 employed employ VERB cana-3458 127 29 to to PART cana-3458 127 30 determine determine VERB cana-3458 127 31 the the DET cana-3458 127 32 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 127 33 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 127 34 in in ADP cana-3458 127 35 this this DET cana-3458 127 36 study study NOUN cana-3458 127 37 . . PUNCT cana-3458 128 1 the the DET cana-3458 128 2 first first ADJ cana-3458 128 3 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 128 4 was be AUX cana-3458 128 5 implemented implement VERB cana-3458 128 6 to to PART cana-3458 128 7 identify identify VERB cana-3458 128 8 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 128 9 that that PRON cana-3458 128 10 may may AUX cana-3458 128 11 be be AUX cana-3458 128 12 experiencing experience VERB cana-3458 128 13 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 128 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 129 1 the the DET cana-3458 129 2 appropriate appropriate ADJ cana-3458 129 3 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 129 4 allocation allocation NOUN cana-3458 129 5 for for ADP cana-3458 129 6 each each DET cana-3458 129 7 connection connection NOUN cana-3458 129 8 was be AUX cana-3458 129 9 determined determine VERB cana-3458 129 10 in in ADP cana-3458 129 11 conjunction conjunction NOUN cana-3458 129 12 with with ADP cana-3458 129 13 the the DET cana-3458 129 14 second second ADJ cana-3458 129 15 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 129 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 130 1 let let VERB cana-3458 130 2 𝑓𝐡(π‘₯ 𝑓𝐡(π‘₯ PROPN cana-3458 130 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 130 4 𝑦 𝑦 NOUN cana-3458 130 5 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 130 6 be be VERB cana-3458 130 7 the the DET cana-3458 130 8 probability probability NOUN cana-3458 130 9 density density NOUN cana-3458 130 10 function function NOUN cana-3458 130 11 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 130 12 pdf pdf NOUN cana-3458 130 13 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 130 14 of of ADP cana-3458 130 15 a a DET cana-3458 130 16 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 130 17 that that PRON cana-3458 130 18 departs depart VERB cana-3458 130 19 from from ADP cana-3458 130 20 airport airport PROPN cana-3458 130 21 b b PROPN cana-3458 130 22 with with ADP cana-3458 130 23 a a DET cana-3458 130 24 planned plan VERB cana-3458 130 25 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 130 26 time time NOUN cana-3458 130 27 of of ADP cana-3458 130 28 x x PUNCT cana-3458 130 29 and and CCONJ cana-3458 130 30 experiences experience VERB cana-3458 130 31 a a DET cana-3458 130 32 y y ADJ cana-3458 130 33 - - PUNCT cana-3458 130 34 minute minute NOUN cana-3458 130 35 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 130 36 . . PUNCT cana-3458 131 1 for for ADP cana-3458 131 2 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 131 3 g g NOUN cana-3458 131 4 , , PUNCT cana-3458 131 5 the the DET cana-3458 131 6 following follow VERB cana-3458 131 7 formula formula NOUN cana-3458 131 8 was be AUX cana-3458 131 9 used use VERB cana-3458 131 10 to to PART cana-3458 131 11 calculate calculate VERB cana-3458 131 12 the the DET cana-3458 131 13 probability probability NOUN cana-3458 131 14 of of ADP cana-3458 131 15 the the DET cana-3458 131 16 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 131 17 with with ADP cana-3458 131 18 a a DET cana-3458 131 19 planned plan VERB cana-3458 131 20 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 131 21 time time NOUN cana-3458 131 22 of of ADP cana-3458 131 23 t t PROPN cana-3458 131 24 being be AUX cana-3458 131 25 delayed delay VERB cana-3458 131 26 by by ADP cana-3458 131 27 more more ADJ cana-3458 131 28 than than ADP cana-3458 131 29 a a PRON cana-3458 131 30 minute minute NOUN cana-3458 131 31 : : PUNCT cana-3458 131 32 p(𝑔 p(𝑔 ADJ cana-3458 131 33 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 131 34 > > X cana-3458 131 35 π‘Ž π‘Ž X cana-3458 131 36 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 132 1 = = SYM cana-3458 132 2 ∫ ∫ PROPN cana-3458 132 3 𝑓𝐡(𝑑 𝑓𝐡(𝑑 NOUN cana-3458 132 4 , , PUNCT cana-3458 132 5 𝑦)𝑑𝑦. 𝑦)𝑑𝑦. NUM cana-3458 132 6 ∞ ∞ NUM cana-3458 132 7 π‘Ž π‘Ž VERB cana-3458 132 8 by by ADP cana-3458 132 9 setting set VERB cana-3458 132 10 a a DET cana-3458 132 11 threshold threshold NOUN cana-3458 132 12 probability probability NOUN cana-3458 132 13 b b PROPN cana-3458 132 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 132 15 a a DET cana-3458 132 16 binary binary ADJ cana-3458 132 17 variable variable NOUN cana-3458 133 1 d d PROPN cana-3458 133 2 was be AUX cana-3458 133 3 defined define VERB cana-3458 133 4 to to PART cana-3458 133 5 identify identify VERB cana-3458 133 6 whether whether SCONJ cana-3458 133 7 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 133 8 g g NOUN cana-3458 133 9 is be AUX cana-3458 133 10 delayed delay VERB cana-3458 133 11 or or CCONJ cana-3458 133 12 not not PART cana-3458 133 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 134 1 we we PRON cana-3458 134 2 set set VERB cana-3458 134 3 𝐷𝑔 𝐷𝑔 PROPN cana-3458 134 4 𝑏 𝑏 NOUN cana-3458 134 5 = = SYM cana-3458 134 6 1 1 NUM cana-3458 134 7 if if SCONJ cana-3458 134 8 p(𝑔 p(𝑔 ADJ cana-3458 134 9 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 134 10 > > X cana-3458 134 11 π‘Ž π‘Ž NOUN cana-3458 134 12 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 134 13 β‰₯ β‰₯ NOUN cana-3458 134 14 𝑏 𝑏 NOUN cana-3458 134 15 and and CCONJ cana-3458 134 16 𝐷𝑔 𝐷𝑔 PROPN cana-3458 134 17 𝑏 𝑏 NOUN cana-3458 134 18 = = SYM cana-3458 134 19 0 0 PUNCT cana-3458 135 1 if if SCONJ cana-3458 135 2 otherwise otherwise ADV cana-3458 135 3 . . PUNCT cana-3458 136 1 assume assume VERB cana-3458 136 2 that that SCONJ cana-3458 136 3 β„Žπ΅(π‘₯ β„Žπ΅(π‘₯ PROPN cana-3458 136 4 , , PUNCT cana-3458 136 5 𝑦 𝑦 NOUN cana-3458 136 6 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 136 7 was be AUX cana-3458 136 8 a a DET cana-3458 136 9 pdf pdf NOUN cana-3458 136 10 of of ADP cana-3458 136 11 the the DET cana-3458 136 12 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 136 13 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 136 14 in in ADP cana-3458 136 15 airport airport PROPN cana-3458 136 16 b b PROPN cana-3458 136 17 , , PUNCT cana-3458 136 18 where where SCONJ cana-3458 136 19 x x PRON cana-3458 136 20 represented represent VERB cana-3458 136 21 the the DET cana-3458 136 22 time time NOUN cana-3458 136 23 of of ADP cana-3458 136 24 day day NOUN cana-3458 136 25 , , PUNCT cana-3458 136 26 and and CCONJ cana-3458 136 27 y y PROPN cana-3458 136 28 represented represent VERB cana-3458 136 29 the the DET cana-3458 136 30 duration duration NOUN cana-3458 136 31 of of ADP cana-3458 136 32 the the DET cana-3458 136 33 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 136 34 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 136 35 . . PUNCT cana-3458 137 1 the the DET cana-3458 137 2 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 137 3 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 137 4 was be AUX cana-3458 137 5 estimated estimate VERB cana-3458 137 6 using use VERB cana-3458 137 7 this this DET cana-3458 137 8 probability probability NOUN cana-3458 137 9 in in ADP cana-3458 137 10 conjunction conjunction NOUN cana-3458 137 11 with with ADP cana-3458 137 12 the the DET cana-3458 137 13 prior prior ADJ cana-3458 137 14 ones one NOUN cana-3458 137 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 138 1 the the DET cana-3458 138 2 estimated estimate VERB cana-3458 138 3 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 138 4 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 138 5 of of ADP cana-3458 138 6 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 138 7 g g NOUN cana-3458 138 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 138 9 which which PRON cana-3458 138 10 was be AUX cana-3458 138 11 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 138 12 to to PART cana-3458 138 13 depart depart VERB cana-3458 138 14 from from ADP cana-3458 138 15 b b PROPN cana-3458 138 16 on on ADP cana-3458 138 17 s s PRON cana-3458 138 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 138 19 was be AUX cana-3458 138 20 c c NOUN cana-3458 138 21 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 138 22 , , PUNCT cana-3458 138 23 if if SCONJ cana-3458 138 24 and and CCONJ cana-3458 138 25 only only ADV cana-3458 138 26 if if SCONJ cana-3458 138 27 𝐷𝑔 𝐷𝑔 PROPN cana-3458 138 28 𝑏 𝑏 NOUN cana-3458 138 29 = = SYM cana-3458 138 30 1 1 NUM cana-3458 138 31 and and CCONJ cana-3458 138 32 𝑐 𝑐 NOUN cana-3458 138 33 = = SYM cana-3458 138 34 max{𝛼 max{𝛼 PROPN cana-3458 138 35 , , PUNCT cana-3458 138 36 𝛽 𝛽 NOUN cana-3458 138 37 } } PUNCT cana-3458 138 38 , , PUNCT cana-3458 138 39 where where SCONJ cana-3458 138 40 𝛽 𝛽 NOUN cana-3458 138 41 = = SYM cana-3458 138 42 max{β„Žπ΅(𝑠 max{β„Žπ΅(𝑠 X cana-3458 138 43 , , PUNCT cana-3458 138 44 𝑦 𝑦 NUM cana-3458 138 45 ): ): PUNCT cana-3458 138 46 𝑦 𝑦 NOUN cana-3458 138 47 > > X cana-3458 138 48 0 0 NUM cana-3458 138 49 } } PUNCT cana-3458 138 50 . . PUNCT cana-3458 139 1 now now ADV cana-3458 139 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 139 3 the the DET cana-3458 139 4 estimated estimate VERB cana-3458 139 5 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 139 6 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 139 7 was be AUX cana-3458 139 8 represented represent VERB cana-3458 139 9 as as ADP cana-3458 139 10 a a DET cana-3458 139 11 function function NOUN cana-3458 139 12 of of ADP cana-3458 139 13 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 139 14 times time NOUN cana-3458 139 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 140 1 the the DET cana-3458 140 2 method method NOUN cana-3458 140 3 for for ADP cana-3458 140 4 calculating calculate VERB cana-3458 140 5 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 140 6 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 140 7 was be AUX cana-3458 140 8 straightforward straightforward ADJ cana-3458 140 9 to to PART cana-3458 140 10 apply apply VERB cana-3458 140 11 but but CCONJ cana-3458 140 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 140 13 in in ADP cana-3458 140 14 practice practice NOUN cana-3458 140 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 140 16 the the DET cana-3458 140 17 values value NOUN cana-3458 140 18 of of ADP cana-3458 140 19 a a DET cana-3458 140 20 and and CCONJ cana-3458 140 21 b b NOUN cana-3458 140 22 significantly significantly ADV cana-3458 140 23 influenced influence VERB cana-3458 140 24 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 140 25 . . PUNCT cana-3458 141 1 each each DET cana-3458 141 2 value value NOUN cana-3458 141 3 of of ADP cana-3458 141 4 a a PRON cana-3458 141 5 and and CCONJ cana-3458 141 6 b b NOUN cana-3458 141 7 resulted result VERB cana-3458 141 8 in in ADP cana-3458 141 9 a a DET cana-3458 141 10 discrete discrete ADJ cana-3458 141 11 classifier classifier NOUN cana-3458 141 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 141 13 hence hence ADV cana-3458 141 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 141 15 result result VERB cana-3458 141 16 the the DET cana-3458 141 17 best good ADJ cana-3458 141 18 values value NOUN cana-3458 141 19 for for ADP cana-3458 141 20 these these DET cana-3458 141 21 thresholds threshold NOUN cana-3458 141 22 was be AUX cana-3458 141 23 crucial crucial ADJ cana-3458 141 24 for for ADP cana-3458 141 25 accurate accurate ADJ cana-3458 141 26 predictions prediction NOUN cana-3458 141 27 . . PUNCT cana-3458 142 1 airlines airline NOUN cana-3458 142 2 could could AUX cana-3458 142 3 set set VERB cana-3458 142 4 their their PRON cana-3458 142 5 values value NOUN cana-3458 142 6 for for ADP cana-3458 142 7 a a PRON cana-3458 142 8 and and CCONJ cana-3458 142 9 b b NOUN cana-3458 142 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 142 11 varying vary VERB cana-3458 142 12 between between ADP cana-3458 142 13 carriers carrier NOUN cana-3458 142 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 143 1 nevertheless nevertheless ADV cana-3458 143 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 143 3 the the DET cana-3458 143 4 subsequent subsequent ADJ cana-3458 143 5 approach approach NOUN cana-3458 143 6 was be AUX cana-3458 143 7 crucial crucial ADJ cana-3458 143 8 in in ADP cana-3458 143 9 identifying identify VERB cana-3458 143 10 appropriate appropriate ADJ cana-3458 143 11 values value NOUN cana-3458 143 12 for for ADP cana-3458 143 13 a a PRON cana-3458 143 14 and and CCONJ cana-3458 143 15 b. b. NOUN cana-3458 143 16 the the DET cana-3458 143 17 value value NOUN cana-3458 143 18 of of ADP cana-3458 143 19 a a PRON cana-3458 143 20 was be AUX cana-3458 143 21 set set VERB cana-3458 143 22 at at ADP cana-3458 143 23 15 15 NUM cana-3458 143 24 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 143 25 , , PUNCT cana-3458 143 26 based base VERB cana-3458 143 27 on on ADP cana-3458 143 28 the the DET cana-3458 143 29 15 15 NUM cana-3458 143 30 - - PUNCT cana-3458 143 31 minute minute NOUN cana-3458 143 32 on on ADP cana-3458 143 33 - - PUNCT cana-3458 143 34 time time NOUN cana-3458 143 35 performance performance NOUN cana-3458 143 36 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 143 37 15 15 NUM cana-3458 143 38 - - PUNCT cana-3458 143 39 otp otp NOUN cana-3458 143 40 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 143 41 standard standard NOUN cana-3458 143 42 . . PUNCT cana-3458 144 1 under under ADP cana-3458 144 2 15 15 NUM cana-3458 144 3 - - PUNCT cana-3458 144 4 otp otp NOUN cana-3458 144 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 144 6 a a DET cana-3458 144 7 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 144 8 was be AUX cana-3458 144 9 considered consider VERB cana-3458 144 10 delayed delay VERB cana-3458 144 11 when when SCONJ cana-3458 144 12 it it PRON cana-3458 144 13 departed depart VERB cana-3458 144 14 pass pass VERB cana-3458 144 15 15 15 NUM cana-3458 144 16 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 144 17 after after ADP cana-3458 144 18 the the DET cana-3458 144 19 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 144 20 time time NOUN cana-3458 144 21 . . PUNCT cana-3458 145 1 a a DET cana-3458 145 2 value value NOUN cana-3458 145 3 of of ADP cana-3458 145 4 b b NOUN cana-3458 145 5 is be AUX cana-3458 145 6 a a DET cana-3458 145 7 good good ADJ cana-3458 145 8 predictor predictor NOUN cana-3458 145 9 if if SCONJ cana-3458 145 10 it it PRON cana-3458 145 11 is be AUX cana-3458 145 12 the the DET cana-3458 145 13 closest close ADJ cana-3458 145 14 to to ADP cana-3458 145 15 the the DET cana-3458 145 16 percentage percentage NOUN cana-3458 145 17 of of ADP cana-3458 145 18 daily daily ADJ cana-3458 145 19 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 145 20 in in ADP cana-3458 145 21 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 145 22 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 145 23 data datum NOUN cana-3458 145 24 , , PUNCT cana-3458 145 25 as as SCONJ cana-3458 145 26 calculated calculate VERB cana-3458 145 27 by by ADP cana-3458 145 28 solving solve VERB cana-3458 145 29 the the DET cana-3458 145 30 optimization optimization NOUN cana-3458 145 31 model model NOUN cana-3458 145 32 below below ADV cana-3458 145 33 . . PUNCT cana-3458 146 1 let let VERB cana-3458 146 2 s s PRON cana-3458 146 3 represent represent VERB cana-3458 146 4 a a DET cana-3458 146 5 set set NOUN cana-3458 146 6 of of ADP cana-3458 146 7 possible possible ADJ cana-3458 146 8 values value NOUN cana-3458 146 9 for for ADP cana-3458 146 10 b b NOUN cana-3458 146 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 146 12 and and CCONJ cana-3458 146 13 t t PROPN cana-3458 146 14 denotes denote VERB cana-3458 146 15 a a DET cana-3458 146 16 set set NOUN cana-3458 146 17 of of ADP cana-3458 146 18 daily daily ADJ cana-3458 146 19 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 146 20 percentages percentage NOUN cana-3458 146 21 obtained obtain VERB cana-3458 146 22 from from ADP cana-3458 146 23 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 146 24 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 146 25 data datum NOUN cana-3458 146 26 . . PUNCT cana-3458 147 1 the the DET cana-3458 147 2 following follow VERB cana-3458 147 3 was be AUX cana-3458 147 4 defined define VERB cana-3458 147 5 π‘₯𝑖 π‘₯𝑖 ADP cana-3458 147 6 = = SYM cana-3458 147 7 1 1 NUM cana-3458 147 8 if if SCONJ cana-3458 147 9 𝑖 𝑖 SYM cana-3458 147 10 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 147 11 𝑆 𝑆 PROPN cana-3458 147 12 was be AUX cana-3458 147 13 selected select VERB cana-3458 147 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 147 15 and and CCONJ cana-3458 147 16 π‘₯𝑖 π‘₯𝑖 X cana-3458 148 1 = = NOUN cana-3458 148 2 0 0 PUNCT cana-3458 149 1 if if SCONJ cana-3458 149 2 otherwise otherwise ADV cana-3458 149 3 . . PUNCT cana-3458 150 1 the the DET cana-3458 150 2 following follow VERB cana-3458 150 3 optimization optimization NOUN cana-3458 150 4 model model NOUN cana-3458 150 5 was be AUX cana-3458 150 6 used use VERB cana-3458 150 7 to to PART cana-3458 150 8 determine determine VERB cana-3458 150 9 the the DET cana-3458 150 10 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 150 11 value value NOUN cana-3458 150 12 of of ADP cana-3458 150 13 b. b. PROPN cana-3458 150 14 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 150 15 on on ADP cana-3458 150 16 applied apply VERB cana-3458 150 17 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 150 18 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 150 19 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 150 20 : : PUNCT cana-3458 150 21 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 150 22 - - PUNCT cana-3458 150 23 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 150 24 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 150 25 32 32 NUM cana-3458 150 26 no no NOUN cana-3458 150 27 . . PUNCT cana-3458 151 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 151 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 151 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 151 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 151 5 478 478 NUM cana-3458 151 6 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 151 7 minimize minimize VERB cana-3458 151 8 : : PUNCT cana-3458 151 9 βˆ‘|𝐿𝑖 βˆ‘|𝐿𝑖 ADP cana-3458 151 10 βˆ’ βˆ’ PROPN cana-3458 151 11 𝑖|π‘₯𝑖 𝑖|π‘₯𝑖 PUNCT cana-3458 151 12 π‘–βˆˆπ‘† π‘–βˆˆπ‘† ADP cana-3458 151 13 subject subject NOUN cana-3458 151 14 to to ADP cana-3458 151 15 : : PUNCT cana-3458 151 16 𝐿𝑖 𝐿𝑖 NOUN cana-3458 151 17 = = PUNCT cana-3458 151 18 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 151 19 βˆ‘ βˆ‘ PUNCT cana-3458 151 20 𝐷𝑗 𝐷𝑗 NOUN cana-3458 151 21 𝑖 𝑖 NOUN cana-3458 151 22 π‘—βˆˆπΉ π‘—βˆˆπΉ NOUN cana-3458 151 23 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 152 1 π‘₯𝑖 π‘₯𝑖 NOUN cana-3458 152 2 |𝐹| |𝐹| NOUN cana-3458 152 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 152 4 βˆ€π‘– βˆ€π‘– PROPN cana-3458 152 5 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 152 6 𝑆 𝑆 PROPN cana-3458 152 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 152 8 βˆ‘ βˆ‘ ADV cana-3458 152 9 π‘₯𝑖 π‘₯𝑖 X cana-3458 152 10 π‘–βˆˆπ‘† π‘–βˆˆπ‘† NOUN cana-3458 152 11 = = SYM cana-3458 152 12 1 1 NUM cana-3458 152 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 152 14 π‘₯𝑖 π‘₯𝑖 PROPN cana-3458 152 15 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 152 16 { { PUNCT cana-3458 152 17 0,1 0,1 NOUN cana-3458 152 18 } } PUNCT cana-3458 152 19 , , PUNCT cana-3458 152 20 βˆ€π‘– βˆ€π‘– PROPN cana-3458 152 21 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 152 22 𝑆. 𝑆. PROPN cana-3458 152 23 re re NOUN cana-3458 152 24 - - NOUN cana-3458 152 25 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 152 26 model model NOUN cana-3458 152 27 new new ADJ cana-3458 152 28 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 152 29 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 152 30 were be AUX cana-3458 152 31 developed develop VERB cana-3458 152 32 to to PART cana-3458 152 33 improve improve VERB cana-3458 152 34 performance performance NOUN cana-3458 152 35 without without ADP cana-3458 152 36 increasing increase VERB cana-3458 152 37 planned plan VERB cana-3458 152 38 costs cost NOUN cana-3458 152 39 . . PUNCT cana-3458 153 1 this this PRON cana-3458 153 2 was be AUX cana-3458 153 3 accomplished accomplish VERB cana-3458 153 4 by by ADP cana-3458 153 5 modifying modify VERB cana-3458 153 6 the the DET cana-3458 153 7 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 153 8 times time NOUN cana-3458 153 9 of of ADP cana-3458 153 10 the the DET cana-3458 153 11 planned plan VERB cana-3458 153 12 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 153 13 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 153 14 while while SCONJ cana-3458 153 15 maintaining maintain VERB cana-3458 153 16 the the DET cana-3458 153 17 planned plan VERB cana-3458 153 18 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 153 19 routings routing NOUN cana-3458 153 20 and and CCONJ cana-3458 153 21 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 153 22 itineraries itinerary NOUN cana-3458 153 23 . . PUNCT cana-3458 154 1 to to PART cana-3458 154 2 maintain maintain VERB cana-3458 154 3 the the DET cana-3458 154 4 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 154 5 projections projection NOUN cana-3458 154 6 in in ADP cana-3458 154 7 the the DET cana-3458 154 8 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 154 9 design design NOUN cana-3458 154 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 154 11 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 154 12 time time NOUN cana-3458 154 13 adjustments adjustment NOUN cana-3458 154 14 were be AUX cana-3458 154 15 implemented implement VERB cana-3458 154 16 within within ADP cana-3458 154 17 limited limited ADJ cana-3458 154 18 periods period NOUN cana-3458 154 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 155 1 new new ADJ cana-3458 155 2 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 155 3 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 155 4 were be AUX cana-3458 155 5 developed develop VERB cana-3458 155 6 to to PART cana-3458 155 7 improve improve VERB cana-3458 155 8 performance performance NOUN cana-3458 155 9 without without ADP cana-3458 155 10 increasing increase VERB cana-3458 155 11 planned plan VERB cana-3458 155 12 costs cost NOUN cana-3458 155 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 156 1 this this PRON cana-3458 156 2 was be AUX cana-3458 156 3 accomplished accomplish VERB cana-3458 156 4 by by ADP cana-3458 156 5 modifying modify VERB cana-3458 156 6 the the DET cana-3458 156 7 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 156 8 times time NOUN cana-3458 156 9 of of ADP cana-3458 156 10 the the DET cana-3458 156 11 planned plan VERB cana-3458 156 12 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 156 13 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 156 14 while while SCONJ cana-3458 156 15 maintaining maintain VERB cana-3458 156 16 the the DET cana-3458 156 17 planned plan VERB cana-3458 156 18 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 156 19 routings routing NOUN cana-3458 156 20 and and CCONJ cana-3458 156 21 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 156 22 itineraries itinerary NOUN cana-3458 156 23 . . PUNCT cana-3458 157 1 to to PART cana-3458 157 2 maintain maintain VERB cana-3458 157 3 the the DET cana-3458 157 4 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 157 5 projections projection NOUN cana-3458 157 6 in in ADP cana-3458 157 7 the the DET cana-3458 157 8 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 157 9 design design NOUN cana-3458 157 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 157 11 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 157 12 time time NOUN cana-3458 157 13 adjustments adjustment NOUN cana-3458 157 14 were be AUX cana-3458 157 15 implemented implement VERB cana-3458 157 16 within within ADP cana-3458 157 17 limited limited ADJ cana-3458 157 18 periods period NOUN cana-3458 157 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 158 1 in in ADP cana-3458 158 2 order order NOUN cana-3458 158 3 to to PART cana-3458 158 4 achieve achieve VERB cana-3458 158 5 this this PRON cana-3458 158 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 158 7 the the DET cana-3458 158 8 re re ADJ cana-3458 158 9 - - NOUN cana-3458 158 10 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 158 11 model model NOUN cana-3458 158 12 was be AUX cana-3458 158 13 implemented implement VERB cana-3458 158 14 to to PART cana-3458 158 15 reschedule reschedule VERB cana-3458 158 16 departing depart VERB cana-3458 158 17 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 158 18 within within ADP cana-3458 158 19 the the DET cana-3458 158 20 established establish VERB cana-3458 158 21 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 158 22 , , PUNCT cana-3458 158 23 provided provide VERB cana-3458 158 24 that that SCONJ cana-3458 158 25 the the DET cana-3458 158 26 minimum minimum ADJ cana-3458 158 27 connecting connect VERB cana-3458 158 28 time time NOUN cana-3458 158 29 was be AUX cana-3458 158 30 maintained maintain VERB cana-3458 158 31 . . PUNCT cana-3458 159 1 each each DET cana-3458 159 2 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 159 3 in in ADP cana-3458 159 4 the the DET cana-3458 159 5 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 159 6 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 159 7 was be AUX cana-3458 159 8 mapped map VERB cana-3458 159 9 to to ADP cana-3458 159 10 a a DET cana-3458 159 11 scalar scalar ADJ cana-3458 159 12 number number NOUN cana-3458 159 13 using use VERB cana-3458 159 14 a a DET cana-3458 159 15 non non ADJ cana-3458 159 16 - - ADJ cana-3458 159 17 decreasing decrease VERB cana-3458 159 18 function function NOUN cana-3458 159 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 160 1 smax smax PROPN cana-3458 160 2 restricted restrict VERB cana-3458 160 3 the the DET cana-3458 160 4 allocated allocate VERB cana-3458 160 5 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 160 6 for for ADP cana-3458 160 7 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 160 8 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 160 9 to to PART cana-3458 160 10 prevent prevent VERB cana-3458 160 11 the the DET cana-3458 160 12 addition addition NOUN cana-3458 160 13 of of ADP cana-3458 160 14 excess excess ADJ cana-3458 160 15 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 160 16 to to ADP cana-3458 160 17 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 160 18 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 160 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 161 1 the the DET cana-3458 161 2 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 161 3 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 161 4 for for ADP cana-3458 161 5 a a DET cana-3458 161 6 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 161 7 connection connection NOUN cana-3458 161 8 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 161 9 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 161 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 161 11 fj fj PROPN cana-3458 161 12 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 161 13 was be AUX cana-3458 161 14 estimated estimate VERB cana-3458 161 15 as as ADP cana-3458 161 16 rij rij ADJ cana-3458 161 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 162 1 the the DET cana-3458 162 2 function function NOUN cana-3458 162 3 v v NOUN cana-3458 162 4 for for ADP cana-3458 162 5 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 162 6 v v NOUN cana-3458 162 7 for for ADP cana-3458 162 8 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 162 9 sij sij PROPN cana-3458 162 10 was be AUX cana-3458 162 11 defined define VERB cana-3458 162 12 as as ADP cana-3458 162 13 a a DET cana-3458 162 14 non non ADJ cana-3458 162 15 - - ADJ cana-3458 162 16 decreasing decrease VERB cana-3458 162 17 function function NOUN cana-3458 162 18 : : PUNCT cana-3458 162 19 𝑣(𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑣(𝑠𝑖𝑗 X cana-3458 162 20 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 163 1 = = PRON cana-3458 163 2 { { PUNCT cana-3458 163 3 𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 163 4 π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘— π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘— VERB cana-3458 163 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 163 6 𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 163 7 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 164 1 [ [ X cana-3458 164 2 0 0 NUM cana-3458 164 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 164 4 π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘— π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘— VERB cana-3458 164 5 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 164 6 1 1 NUM cana-3458 164 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 164 8 𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 164 9 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 165 1 [ [ X cana-3458 165 2 π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘— π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘— PROPN cana-3458 165 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 165 4 ∞ ∞ PROPN cana-3458 165 5 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 165 6 . . PUNCT cana-3458 166 1 as as SCONJ cana-3458 166 2 the the DET cana-3458 166 3 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 166 4 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 166 5 in in ADP cana-3458 166 6 its its PRON cana-3458 166 7 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 166 8 will will AUX cana-3458 166 9 decrease decrease VERB cana-3458 166 10 as as SCONJ cana-3458 166 11 more more ADJ cana-3458 166 12 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 166 13 is be AUX cana-3458 166 14 added add VERB cana-3458 166 15 to to ADP cana-3458 166 16 the the DET cana-3458 166 17 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 166 18 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 166 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 167 1 by by ADP cana-3458 167 2 defining define VERB cana-3458 167 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 167 4 wij wij PROPN cana-3458 167 5 as as ADP cana-3458 167 6 the the DET cana-3458 167 7 weight weight NOUN cana-3458 167 8 of of ADP cana-3458 167 9 connection connection NOUN cana-3458 167 10 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 167 11 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 167 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 167 13 fj fj PROPN cana-3458 167 14 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 167 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 167 16 the the DET cana-3458 167 17 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 167 18 sij sij PROPN cana-3458 167 19 was be AUX cana-3458 167 20 measured measure VERB cana-3458 167 21 by by ADP cana-3458 167 22 𝑀𝑖𝑗𝑣(𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑀𝑖𝑗𝑣(𝑠𝑖𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 167 23 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 167 24 . . PUNCT cana-3458 168 1 the the DET cana-3458 168 2 maximum maximum ADJ cana-3458 168 3 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 168 4 changes change NOUN cana-3458 168 5 of of ADP cana-3458 168 6 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 168 7 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 168 8 to to PART cana-3458 168 9 be be AUX cana-3458 168 10 moved move VERB cana-3458 168 11 earlier early ADV cana-3458 168 12 and and CCONJ cana-3458 168 13 later later ADV cana-3458 168 14 were be AUX cana-3458 168 15 limited limit VERB cana-3458 168 16 by by ADP cana-3458 168 17 mi mi PROPN cana-3458 168 18 and and CCONJ cana-3458 168 19 ni ni PROPN cana-3458 168 20 , , PUNCT cana-3458 168 21 respectively respectively ADV cana-3458 168 22 . . PUNCT cana-3458 169 1 the the DET cana-3458 169 2 new new ADJ cana-3458 169 3 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 169 4 for for ADP cana-3458 169 5 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 169 6 connection connection NOUN cana-3458 169 7 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 169 8 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 169 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 169 10 fj fj PROPN cana-3458 169 11 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 169 12 and and CCONJ cana-3458 169 13 the the DET cana-3458 169 14 change change NOUN cana-3458 169 15 in in ADP cana-3458 169 16 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 169 17 time time NOUN cana-3458 169 18 of of ADP cana-3458 169 19 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 169 20 were be AUX cana-3458 169 21 determined determine VERB cana-3458 169 22 by by ADP cana-3458 169 23 defining define VERB cana-3458 169 24 two two NUM cana-3458 169 25 decision decision NOUN cana-3458 169 26 variables variable NOUN cana-3458 169 27 yi yi PROPN cana-3458 169 28 and and CCONJ cana-3458 169 29 𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 169 30 β€² β€² NUM cana-3458 169 31 . . PUNCT cana-3458 170 1 variable variable ADJ cana-3458 170 2 yi yi PROPN cana-3458 170 3 received receive VERB cana-3458 170 4 a a DET cana-3458 170 5 negative negative ADJ cana-3458 170 6 value value NOUN cana-3458 170 7 when when SCONJ cana-3458 170 8 the the DET cana-3458 170 9 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 170 10 time time NOUN cana-3458 170 11 of of ADP cana-3458 170 12 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 170 13 fi fi NOUN cana-3458 170 14 was be AUX cana-3458 170 15 adjusted adjust VERB cana-3458 170 16 earlier early ADV cana-3458 170 17 and and CCONJ cana-3458 170 18 a a DET cana-3458 170 19 positive positive ADJ cana-3458 170 20 value value NOUN cana-3458 170 21 when when SCONJ cana-3458 170 22 it it PRON cana-3458 170 23 was be AUX cana-3458 170 24 delayed delay VERB cana-3458 170 25 . . PUNCT cana-3458 171 1 the the DET cana-3458 171 2 re re NOUN cana-3458 171 3 - - NOUN cana-3458 171 4 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 171 5 problem problem NOUN cana-3458 171 6 was be AUX cana-3458 171 7 formulated formulate VERB cana-3458 171 8 in in ADP cana-3458 171 9 the the DET cana-3458 171 10 following following ADJ cana-3458 171 11 model model NOUN cana-3458 171 12 : : PUNCT cana-3458 171 13 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 171 14 on on ADP cana-3458 171 15 applied apply VERB cana-3458 171 16 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 171 17 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 171 18 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 171 19 : : PUNCT cana-3458 171 20 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 171 21 - - PUNCT cana-3458 171 22 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 171 23 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 171 24 32 32 NUM cana-3458 171 25 no no NOUN cana-3458 171 26 . . PUNCT cana-3458 172 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 172 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 172 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 172 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 172 5 479 479 NUM cana-3458 173 1 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 173 2 minimize minimize VERB cana-3458 173 3 : : PUNCT cana-3458 173 4 βˆ‘ βˆ‘ PUNCT cana-3458 173 5 𝑀𝑖𝑗𝑣(𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑀𝑖𝑗𝑣(𝑠𝑖𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 173 6 β€² β€² NUM cana-3458 173 7 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 173 8 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 173 9 𝑓𝑖,𝑓𝑗)∈𝐴βˆͺ𝑃 𝑓𝑖,𝑓𝑗)∈𝐴βˆͺ𝑃 PROPN cana-3458 173 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 173 11 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 173 12 5 5 X cana-3458 173 13 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 173 14 subject subject NOUN cana-3458 173 15 to to ADP cana-3458 173 16 : : PUNCT cana-3458 173 17 𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 173 18 β€² β€² NUM cana-3458 173 19 β‰₯ β‰₯ NOUN cana-3458 173 20 𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 173 21 βˆ’ βˆ’ NOUN cana-3458 173 22 𝑦𝑖 𝑦𝑖 PROPN cana-3458 173 23 + + CCONJ cana-3458 173 24 𝑦𝑗 𝑦𝑗 PROPN cana-3458 173 25 , , PUNCT cana-3458 173 26 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 173 27 𝑓𝑖 𝑓𝑖 INTJ cana-3458 173 28 , , PUNCT cana-3458 173 29 𝑓𝑗 𝑓𝑗 ADJ cana-3458 173 30 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 173 31 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 173 32 𝐴 𝐴 PROPN cana-3458 173 33 βˆͺ βˆͺ VERB cana-3458 173 34 𝑃 𝑃 NOUN cana-3458 173 35 , , PUNCT cana-3458 173 36 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 173 37 6 6 X cana-3458 173 38 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 173 39 𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑗 NOUN cana-3458 173 40 β€² β€² NOUN cana-3458 173 41 ≀ ≀ NOUN cana-3458 174 1 π‘†π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ π‘†π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ PROPN cana-3458 174 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 174 3 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 174 4 𝑓𝑖 𝑓𝑖 INTJ cana-3458 174 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 174 6 𝑓𝑗 𝑓𝑗 ADJ cana-3458 174 7 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 174 8 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 174 9 𝐴 𝐴 PROPN cana-3458 174 10 βˆͺ βˆͺ VERB cana-3458 174 11 𝑃 𝑃 NOUN cana-3458 174 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 174 13 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 174 14 7 7 X cana-3458 174 15 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 174 16 𝑠𝑖𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑗 NOUN cana-3458 174 17 β€² β€² NUM cana-3458 174 18 β‰₯ β‰₯ NOUN cana-3458 174 19 0 0 NUM cana-3458 174 20 , , PUNCT cana-3458 174 21 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 174 22 𝑓𝑖 𝑓𝑖 INTJ cana-3458 174 23 , , PUNCT cana-3458 174 24 𝑓𝑗 𝑓𝑗 ADJ cana-3458 174 25 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 174 26 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 174 27 𝐴 𝐴 PROPN cana-3458 174 28 βˆͺ βˆͺ VERB cana-3458 174 29 𝑃 𝑃 NOUN cana-3458 174 30 , , PUNCT cana-3458 174 31 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 174 32 8) 8) NUM cana-3458 174 33 𝑦𝑖 𝑦𝑖 NUM cana-3458 174 34 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 175 1 [ [ X cana-3458 175 2 π‘šπ‘– π‘šπ‘– NOUN cana-3458 175 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 175 4 𝑛𝑖 𝑛𝑖 NOUN cana-3458 175 5 ] ] PUNCT cana-3458 175 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 175 7 𝑓𝑖 𝑓𝑖 PROPN cana-3458 175 8 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 175 9 𝐹 𝐹 PROPN cana-3458 175 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 175 11 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 175 12 9 9 NUM cana-3458 175 13 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 175 14 𝑦𝑖 𝑦𝑖 PROPN cana-3458 175 15 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 175 16 β„€ β„€ PROPN cana-3458 175 17 , , PUNCT cana-3458 175 18 𝑓𝑖 𝑓𝑖 PROPN cana-3458 175 19 ∈ ∈ PROPN cana-3458 175 20 𝐹. 𝐹. PROPN cana-3458 175 21 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 175 22 10 10 NUM cana-3458 175 23 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 175 24 the the DET cana-3458 175 25 objective objective ADJ cana-3458 175 26 function function NOUN cana-3458 175 27 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 175 28 5 5 NUM cana-3458 175 29 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 175 30 aimed aim VERB cana-3458 175 31 to to PART cana-3458 175 32 maximize maximize VERB cana-3458 175 33 the the DET cana-3458 175 34 overall overall ADJ cana-3458 175 35 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 175 36 measurement measurement NOUN cana-3458 175 37 of of ADP cana-3458 175 38 all all DET cana-3458 175 39 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 175 40 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 175 41 . . PUNCT cana-3458 176 1 constraints constraint NOUN cana-3458 176 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 176 3 6 6 NUM cana-3458 176 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 176 5 computed compute VERB cana-3458 176 6 the the DET cana-3458 176 7 revised revise VERB cana-3458 176 8 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 176 9 between between ADP cana-3458 176 10 two two NUM cana-3458 176 11 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 176 12 after after ADP cana-3458 176 13 revising revise VERB cana-3458 176 14 their their PRON cana-3458 176 15 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 176 16 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 176 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 177 1 the the DET cana-3458 177 2 constraints constraint NOUN cana-3458 177 3 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 177 4 7 7 X cana-3458 177 5 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 177 6 guaranteed guarantee VERB cana-3458 177 7 that that SCONJ cana-3458 177 8 the the DET cana-3458 177 9 change change NOUN cana-3458 177 10 in in ADP cana-3458 177 11 the the DET cana-3458 177 12 new new ADJ cana-3458 177 13 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 177 14 was be AUX cana-3458 177 15 n't not PART cana-3458 177 16 higher high ADJ cana-3458 177 17 than than ADP cana-3458 177 18 the the DET cana-3458 177 19 maximum maximum ADJ cana-3458 177 20 acceptable acceptable ADJ cana-3458 177 21 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 177 22 . . PUNCT cana-3458 178 1 constraints constraint NOUN cana-3458 178 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 178 3 8) 8) NUM cana-3458 178 4 ensured ensure VERB cana-3458 178 5 the the DET cana-3458 178 6 viability viability NOUN cana-3458 178 7 of of ADP cana-3458 178 8 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 178 9 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 178 10 within within ADP cana-3458 178 11 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 178 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 179 1 constraints constraint NOUN cana-3458 179 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 179 3 9 9 NUM cana-3458 179 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 179 5 limited limit VERB cana-3458 179 6 for for ADP cana-3458 179 7 how how SCONJ cana-3458 179 8 much much ADJ cana-3458 179 9 each each DET cana-3458 179 10 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 179 11 's 's PART cana-3458 179 12 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 179 13 time time NOUN cana-3458 179 14 could could AUX cana-3458 179 15 vary vary VERB cana-3458 179 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 180 1 constraints constraint NOUN cana-3458 180 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 180 3 10 10 NUM cana-3458 180 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 180 5 specified specify VERB cana-3458 180 6 that that SCONJ cana-3458 180 7 the the DET cana-3458 180 8 change change NOUN cana-3458 180 9 in in ADP cana-3458 180 10 the the DET cana-3458 180 11 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 180 12 time time NOUN cana-3458 180 13 must must AUX cana-3458 180 14 be be AUX cana-3458 180 15 an an DET cana-3458 180 16 integer integer NOUN cana-3458 180 17 value value NOUN cana-3458 180 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 181 1 the the DET cana-3458 181 2 computational computational ADJ cana-3458 181 3 results result NOUN cana-3458 181 4 the the DET cana-3458 181 5 computational computational ADJ cana-3458 181 6 tests test NOUN cana-3458 181 7 evaluated evaluate VERB cana-3458 181 8 the the DET cana-3458 181 9 method method NOUN cana-3458 181 10 's 's PART cana-3458 181 11 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN cana-3458 181 12 in in ADP cana-3458 181 13 calculating calculate VERB cana-3458 181 14 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 181 15 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 181 16 and and CCONJ cana-3458 181 17 re re ADJ cana-3458 181 18 - - NOUN cana-3458 181 19 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 181 20 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 181 21 . . PUNCT cana-3458 182 1 the the DET cana-3458 182 2 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 182 3 utilized utilize VERB cana-3458 182 4 one one NUM cana-3458 182 5 - - PUNCT cana-3458 182 6 day day NOUN cana-3458 182 7 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 182 8 from from ADP cana-3458 182 9 an an DET cana-3458 182 10 indonesian indonesian ADJ cana-3458 182 11 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 182 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 182 13 which which PRON cana-3458 182 14 included include VERB cana-3458 182 15 292 292 NUM cana-3458 182 16 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 182 17 , , PUNCT cana-3458 182 18 93 93 NUM cana-3458 182 19 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 182 20 routings routing NOUN cana-3458 182 21 , , PUNCT cana-3458 182 22 and and CCONJ cana-3458 182 23 206 206 NUM cana-3458 182 24 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 182 25 itineraries itinerary NOUN cana-3458 182 26 . . PUNCT cana-3458 183 1 the the DET cana-3458 183 2 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 183 3 generally generally ADV cana-3458 183 4 allotted allot VERB cana-3458 183 5 15 15 NUM cana-3458 183 6 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 183 7 of of ADP cana-3458 183 8 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 183 9 for for ADP cana-3458 183 10 most most ADV cana-3458 183 11 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 183 12 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 183 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 184 1 however however ADV cana-3458 184 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 184 3 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 184 4 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 184 5 data datum NOUN cana-3458 184 6 indicated indicate VERB cana-3458 184 7 that that SCONJ cana-3458 184 8 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 184 9 frequently frequently ADV cana-3458 184 10 occurred occur VERB cana-3458 184 11 at at ADP cana-3458 184 12 major major ADJ cana-3458 184 13 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 184 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 185 1 this this PRON cana-3458 185 2 suggested suggest VERB cana-3458 185 3 increased increase VERB cana-3458 185 4 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 185 5 to to PART cana-3458 185 6 minimize minimize VERB cana-3458 185 7 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 185 8 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 185 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 185 10 particularly particularly ADV cana-3458 185 11 for for ADP cana-3458 185 12 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 185 13 departing depart VERB cana-3458 185 14 from from ADP cana-3458 185 15 these these DET cana-3458 185 16 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 185 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 186 1 the the DET cana-3458 186 2 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 186 3 objective objective NOUN cana-3458 186 4 was be AUX cana-3458 186 5 to to PART cana-3458 186 6 compute compute VERB cana-3458 186 7 the the DET cana-3458 186 8 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 186 9 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 186 10 for for ADP cana-3458 186 11 the the DET cana-3458 186 12 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 186 13 's 's PART cana-3458 186 14 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 186 15 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 186 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 187 1 this this PRON cana-3458 187 2 was be AUX cana-3458 187 3 achieved achieve VERB cana-3458 187 4 by by ADP cana-3458 187 5 modeling model VERB cana-3458 187 6 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 187 7 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 187 8 and and CCONJ cana-3458 187 9 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 187 10 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 187 11 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 187 12 based base VERB cana-3458 187 13 on on ADP cana-3458 187 14 one one NUM cana-3458 187 15 year year NOUN cana-3458 187 16 of of ADP cana-3458 187 17 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 187 18 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 187 19 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 187 20 data datum NOUN cana-3458 187 21 for for ADP cana-3458 187 22 each each DET cana-3458 187 23 airport airport NOUN cana-3458 187 24 included include VERB cana-3458 187 25 in in ADP cana-3458 187 26 the the DET cana-3458 187 27 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 187 28 . . PUNCT cana-3458 188 1 the the DET cana-3458 188 2 data datum NOUN cana-3458 188 3 were be AUX cana-3458 188 4 modeled model VERB cana-3458 188 5 using use VERB cana-3458 188 6 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 188 7 kernel kernel PROPN cana-3458 188 8 density density PROPN cana-3458 188 9 estimation estimation PROPN cana-3458 188 10 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 188 11 kde kde NOUN cana-3458 188 12 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 188 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 188 14 and and CCONJ cana-3458 188 15 these these DET cana-3458 188 16 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 188 17 informed inform VERB cana-3458 188 18 the the DET cana-3458 188 19 determination determination NOUN cana-3458 188 20 of of ADP cana-3458 188 21 the the DET cana-3458 188 22 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 188 23 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 188 24 for for ADP cana-3458 188 25 planned plan VERB cana-3458 188 26 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 188 27 . . PUNCT cana-3458 189 1 furthermore furthermore ADV cana-3458 189 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 189 3 planned plan VERB cana-3458 189 4 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 189 5 could could AUX cana-3458 189 6 be be AUX cana-3458 189 7 re re VERB cana-3458 189 8 - - VERB cana-3458 189 9 timed time VERB cana-3458 189 10 by by ADP cana-3458 189 11 0.5 0.5 NUM cana-3458 189 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 189 13 10 10 NUM cana-3458 189 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 189 15 or or CCONJ cana-3458 189 16 15 15 NUM cana-3458 189 17 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 189 18 to to PART cana-3458 189 19 enhance enhance VERB cana-3458 189 20 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 189 21 allocation allocation NOUN cana-3458 189 22 . . PUNCT cana-3458 190 1 to to PART cana-3458 190 2 preserve preserve VERB cana-3458 190 3 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 190 4 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 190 5 feasibility feasibility NOUN cana-3458 190 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 190 7 the the DET cana-3458 190 8 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 190 9 times time NOUN cana-3458 190 10 of of ADP cana-3458 190 11 the the DET cana-3458 190 12 first first ADJ cana-3458 190 13 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 190 14 in in ADP cana-3458 190 15 the the DET cana-3458 190 16 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 190 17 ’s ’s PART cana-3458 190 18 duties duty NOUN cana-3458 190 19 were be AUX cana-3458 190 20 not not PART cana-3458 190 21 changed change VERB cana-3458 190 22 earlier early ADV cana-3458 190 23 , , PUNCT cana-3458 190 24 and and CCONJ cana-3458 190 25 the the DET cana-3458 190 26 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 190 27 times time NOUN cana-3458 190 28 of of ADP cana-3458 190 29 the the DET cana-3458 190 30 last last ADJ cana-3458 190 31 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 190 32 in in ADP cana-3458 190 33 the the DET cana-3458 190 34 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 190 35 ’s ’s PART cana-3458 190 36 duties duty NOUN cana-3458 190 37 were be AUX cana-3458 190 38 not not PART cana-3458 190 39 changed change VERB cana-3458 190 40 later later ADV cana-3458 190 41 . . PUNCT cana-3458 191 1 the the DET cana-3458 191 2 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 191 3 's 's PART cana-3458 191 4 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 191 5 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 191 6 data datum NOUN cana-3458 191 7 documented document VERB cana-3458 191 8 each each DET cana-3458 191 9 delayed delay VERB cana-3458 191 10 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 191 11 's 's PART cana-3458 191 12 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 191 13 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 191 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 191 15 planned planned ADJ cana-3458 191 16 arrival arrival NOUN cana-3458 191 17 , , PUNCT cana-3458 191 18 and and CCONJ cana-3458 191 19 actual actual ADJ cana-3458 191 20 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 191 21 times time NOUN cana-3458 191 22 . . PUNCT cana-3458 192 1 consequently consequently ADV cana-3458 192 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 192 3 the the DET cana-3458 192 4 duration duration NOUN cana-3458 192 5 of of ADP cana-3458 192 6 the the DET cana-3458 192 7 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 192 8 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 192 9 was be AUX cana-3458 192 10 determined determine VERB cana-3458 192 11 by by ADP cana-3458 192 12 the the DET cana-3458 192 13 difference difference NOUN cana-3458 192 14 between between ADP cana-3458 192 15 the the DET cana-3458 192 16 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 192 17 and and CCONJ cana-3458 192 18 actual actual ADJ cana-3458 192 19 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 192 20 times time NOUN cana-3458 192 21 . . PUNCT cana-3458 193 1 their their PRON cana-3458 193 2 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 193 3 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 193 4 were be AUX cana-3458 193 5 used use VERB cana-3458 193 6 to to PART cana-3458 193 7 categorize categorize VERB cana-3458 193 8 the the DET cana-3458 193 9 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 193 10 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 193 11 data data PROPN cana-3458 193 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 194 1 the the DET cana-3458 194 2 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 194 3 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 194 4 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 194 5 of of ADP cana-3458 194 6 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 194 7 was be AUX cana-3458 194 8 modeled model VERB cana-3458 194 9 using use VERB cana-3458 194 10 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 194 11 kde kde NOUN cana-3458 194 12 to to PART cana-3458 194 13 derive derive VERB cana-3458 194 14 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 194 15 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 194 16 probabilities probability NOUN cana-3458 194 17 and and CCONJ cana-3458 194 18 examine examine VERB cana-3458 194 19 the the DET cana-3458 194 20 relationship relationship NOUN cana-3458 194 21 between between ADP cana-3458 194 22 their their PRON cana-3458 194 23 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 194 24 durations duration NOUN cana-3458 194 25 and and CCONJ cana-3458 194 26 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 194 27 times time NOUN cana-3458 194 28 . . PUNCT cana-3458 195 1 the the DET cana-3458 195 2 method method NOUN cana-3458 195 3 of of ADP cana-3458 195 4 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 195 5 calculation calculation NOUN cana-3458 195 6 outlined outline VERB cana-3458 195 7 in in ADP cana-3458 195 8 section section NOUN cana-3458 195 9 4.1 4.1 NUM cana-3458 195 10 was be AUX cana-3458 195 11 then then ADV cana-3458 195 12 employed employ VERB cana-3458 195 13 to to PART cana-3458 195 14 determine determine VERB cana-3458 195 15 the the DET cana-3458 195 16 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 195 17 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 195 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 196 1 the the DET cana-3458 196 2 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 196 3 's 's PART cana-3458 196 4 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 196 5 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 196 6 data datum NOUN cana-3458 196 7 documented document VERB cana-3458 196 8 each each DET cana-3458 196 9 delayed delay VERB cana-3458 196 10 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 196 11 's 's PART cana-3458 196 12 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 196 13 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 196 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 196 15 planned planned ADJ cana-3458 196 16 arrival arrival NOUN cana-3458 196 17 , , PUNCT cana-3458 196 18 and and CCONJ cana-3458 196 19 actual actual ADJ cana-3458 196 20 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 196 21 times time NOUN cana-3458 196 22 . . PUNCT cana-3458 197 1 consequently consequently ADV cana-3458 197 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 197 3 the the DET cana-3458 197 4 duration duration NOUN cana-3458 197 5 of of ADP cana-3458 197 6 the the DET cana-3458 197 7 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 197 8 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 197 9 was be AUX cana-3458 197 10 determined determine VERB cana-3458 197 11 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 197 12 on on ADP cana-3458 197 13 applied apply VERB cana-3458 197 14 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 197 15 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 197 16 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 197 17 : : PUNCT cana-3458 197 18 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 197 19 - - PUNCT cana-3458 197 20 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 197 21 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 197 22 32 32 NUM cana-3458 197 23 no no NOUN cana-3458 197 24 . . PUNCT cana-3458 198 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 198 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 198 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 198 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 198 5 480 480 NUM cana-3458 198 6 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 198 7 by by ADP cana-3458 198 8 the the DET cana-3458 198 9 difference difference NOUN cana-3458 198 10 between between ADP cana-3458 198 11 the the DET cana-3458 198 12 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 198 13 and and CCONJ cana-3458 198 14 actual actual ADJ cana-3458 198 15 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 198 16 times time NOUN cana-3458 198 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 199 1 their their PRON cana-3458 199 2 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 199 3 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 199 4 were be AUX cana-3458 199 5 used use VERB cana-3458 199 6 to to PART cana-3458 199 7 categorize categorize VERB cana-3458 199 8 the the DET cana-3458 199 9 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 199 10 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 199 11 data data PROPN cana-3458 199 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 200 1 the the DET cana-3458 200 2 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 200 3 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 200 4 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 200 5 of of ADP cana-3458 200 6 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 200 7 was be AUX cana-3458 200 8 modeled model VERB cana-3458 200 9 using use VERB cana-3458 200 10 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 200 11 kde kde NOUN cana-3458 200 12 to to PART cana-3458 200 13 derive derive VERB cana-3458 200 14 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 200 15 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 200 16 probabilities probability NOUN cana-3458 200 17 and and CCONJ cana-3458 200 18 examine examine VERB cana-3458 200 19 the the DET cana-3458 200 20 relationship relationship NOUN cana-3458 200 21 between between ADP cana-3458 200 22 their their PRON cana-3458 200 23 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 200 24 durations duration NOUN cana-3458 200 25 and and CCONJ cana-3458 200 26 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 200 27 times time NOUN cana-3458 200 28 . . PUNCT cana-3458 201 1 the the DET cana-3458 201 2 method method NOUN cana-3458 201 3 of of ADP cana-3458 201 4 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 201 5 calculation calculation NOUN cana-3458 201 6 outlined outline VERB cana-3458 201 7 in in ADP cana-3458 201 8 section section NOUN cana-3458 201 9 4.1 4.1 NUM cana-3458 201 10 was be AUX cana-3458 201 11 then then ADV cana-3458 201 12 employed employ VERB cana-3458 201 13 to to PART cana-3458 201 14 determine determine VERB cana-3458 201 15 the the DET cana-3458 201 16 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 201 17 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 201 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 202 1 the the DET cana-3458 202 2 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 202 3 's 's PART cana-3458 202 4 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 202 5 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 202 6 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 202 7 suggested suggest VERB cana-3458 202 8 that that SCONJ cana-3458 202 9 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 202 10 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 202 11 were be AUX cana-3458 202 12 only only ADV cana-3458 202 13 substantial substantial ADJ cana-3458 202 14 at at ADP cana-3458 202 15 major major ADJ cana-3458 202 16 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 202 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 203 1 as as ADP cana-3458 203 2 a a DET cana-3458 203 3 result result NOUN cana-3458 203 4 , , PUNCT cana-3458 203 5 only only ADJ cana-3458 203 6 adjustments adjustment NOUN cana-3458 203 7 were be AUX cana-3458 203 8 made make VERB cana-3458 203 9 to to ADP cana-3458 203 10 the the DET cana-3458 203 11 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 203 12 times time NOUN cana-3458 203 13 of of ADP cana-3458 203 14 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 203 15 departing depart VERB cana-3458 203 16 from from ADP cana-3458 203 17 major major ADJ cana-3458 203 18 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 203 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 204 1 figure figure NOUN cana-3458 204 2 1 1 NUM cana-3458 204 3 illustrates illustrate VERB cana-3458 204 4 an an DET cana-3458 204 5 illustration illustration NOUN cana-3458 204 6 of of ADP cana-3458 204 7 the the DET cana-3458 204 8 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 204 9 pdf pdf NOUN cana-3458 204 10 of of ADP cana-3458 204 11 the the DET cana-3458 204 12 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 204 13 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 204 14 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 204 15 right right ADJ cana-3458 204 16 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 204 17 and and CCONJ cana-3458 204 18 the the DET cana-3458 204 19 total total ADJ cana-3458 204 20 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 204 21 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 204 22 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 204 23 left left ADJ cana-3458 204 24 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 204 25 of of ADP cana-3458 204 26 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 204 27 departing depart VERB cana-3458 204 28 from from ADP cana-3458 204 29 four four NUM cana-3458 204 30 main main ADJ cana-3458 204 31 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 204 32 : : PUNCT cana-3458 204 33 a a DET cana-3458 204 34 , , PUNCT cana-3458 204 35 b b NOUN cana-3458 204 36 , , PUNCT cana-3458 204 37 c c NOUN cana-3458 204 38 , , PUNCT cana-3458 204 39 and and CCONJ cana-3458 204 40 d. d. NOUN cana-3458 204 41 the the DET cana-3458 204 42 curves curve NOUN cana-3458 204 43 ' ' PART cana-3458 204 44 peaks peak NOUN cana-3458 204 45 corresponded correspond VERB cana-3458 204 46 to to ADP cana-3458 204 47 the the DET cana-3458 204 48 periods period NOUN cana-3458 204 49 of of ADP cana-3458 204 50 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 204 51 with with ADP cana-3458 204 52 the the DET cana-3458 204 53 maximum maximum ADJ cana-3458 204 54 number number NOUN cana-3458 204 55 of of ADP cana-3458 204 56 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 204 57 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 204 58 . . PUNCT cana-3458 205 1 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 205 2 were be AUX cana-3458 205 3 greater great ADJ cana-3458 205 4 chances chance NOUN cana-3458 205 5 for for ADP cana-3458 205 6 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 205 7 departing depart VERB cana-3458 205 8 during during ADP cana-3458 205 9 these these DET cana-3458 205 10 times time NOUN cana-3458 205 11 . . PUNCT cana-3458 206 1 the the DET cana-3458 206 2 total total ADJ cana-3458 206 3 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 206 4 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 206 5 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 206 6 and and CCONJ cana-3458 206 7 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 206 8 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 206 9 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 206 10 from from ADP cana-3458 206 11 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 206 12 a a DET cana-3458 206 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 206 14 c c NOUN cana-3458 206 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 206 16 and and CCONJ cana-3458 206 17 d d NOUN cana-3458 206 18 were be AUX cana-3458 206 19 nearly nearly ADV cana-3458 206 20 identical identical ADJ cana-3458 206 21 in in ADP cana-3458 206 22 terms term NOUN cana-3458 206 23 of of ADP cana-3458 206 24 both both PRON cana-3458 206 25 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 206 26 durations duration NOUN cana-3458 206 27 and and CCONJ cana-3458 206 28 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 206 29 times time NOUN cana-3458 206 30 . . PUNCT cana-3458 207 1 nevertheless nevertheless ADV cana-3458 207 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 207 3 airport airport PROPN cana-3458 207 4 b b PROPN cana-3458 207 5 disclosed disclose VERB cana-3458 207 6 a a DET cana-3458 207 7 different different ADJ cana-3458 207 8 pattern pattern NOUN cana-3458 207 9 of of ADP cana-3458 207 10 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 207 11 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 207 12 from from ADP cana-3458 207 13 6:00 6:00 NUM cana-3458 207 14 pm pm NOUN cana-3458 207 15 to to ADP cana-3458 207 16 9:00 9:00 NUM cana-3458 207 17 pm pm NOUN cana-3458 207 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 208 1 this this PRON cana-3458 208 2 suggested suggest VERB cana-3458 208 3 that that SCONJ cana-3458 208 4 the the DET cana-3458 208 5 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 208 6 experienced experience VERB cana-3458 208 7 by by ADP cana-3458 208 8 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 208 9 departing depart VERB cana-3458 208 10 from from ADP cana-3458 208 11 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 208 12 a a DET cana-3458 208 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 208 14 c c NOUN cana-3458 208 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 208 16 and and CCONJ cana-3458 208 17 d d NOUN cana-3458 208 18 did do AUX cana-3458 208 19 not not PART cana-3458 208 20 result result VERB cana-3458 208 21 from from ADP cana-3458 208 22 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 208 23 propagations propagation NOUN cana-3458 208 24 . . PUNCT cana-3458 209 1 however however ADV cana-3458 209 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 209 3 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 209 4 continued continue VERB cana-3458 209 5 propagating propagate VERB cana-3458 209 6 for for ADP cana-3458 209 7 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 209 8 departing depart VERB cana-3458 209 9 from from ADP cana-3458 209 10 airport airport PROPN cana-3458 209 11 b b PROPN cana-3458 209 12 during during ADP cana-3458 209 13 the the DET cana-3458 209 14 specified specify VERB cana-3458 209 15 time time NOUN cana-3458 209 16 frame frame NOUN cana-3458 209 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 210 1 the the DET cana-3458 210 2 method method NOUN cana-3458 210 3 detailed detail VERB cana-3458 210 4 in in ADP cana-3458 210 5 section section NOUN cana-3458 210 6 3.2 3.2 NUM cana-3458 210 7 was be AUX cana-3458 210 8 initially initially ADV cana-3458 210 9 employed employ VERB cana-3458 210 10 to to PART cana-3458 210 11 determine determine VERB cana-3458 210 12 the the DET cana-3458 210 13 values value NOUN cana-3458 210 14 of of ADP cana-3458 210 15 thresholds threshold NOUN cana-3458 210 16 Ξ± Ξ± PROPN cana-3458 210 17 and and CCONJ cana-3458 210 18 Ξ² Ξ² X cana-3458 210 19 to to PART cana-3458 210 20 determine determine VERB cana-3458 210 21 the the DET cana-3458 210 22 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 210 23 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 210 24 allocation allocation NOUN cana-3458 210 25 for for ADP cana-3458 210 26 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 210 27 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 210 28 . . PUNCT cana-3458 211 1 this this DET cana-3458 211 2 method method NOUN cana-3458 211 3 set set VERB cana-3458 211 4 a a DET cana-3458 211 5 minimum minimum ADJ cana-3458 211 6 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 211 7 allocation allocation NOUN cana-3458 211 8 of of ADP cana-3458 211 9 15 15 NUM cana-3458 211 10 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 211 11 . . PUNCT cana-3458 212 1 figure figure NOUN cana-3458 212 2 2 2 NUM cana-3458 212 3 illustrates illustrate VERB cana-3458 212 4 the the DET cana-3458 212 5 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 212 6 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 212 7 values value NOUN cana-3458 212 8 for for ADP cana-3458 212 9 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 212 10 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 212 11 to to ADP cana-3458 212 12 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 212 13 a a DET cana-3458 212 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 212 15 b b PROPN cana-3458 212 16 , , PUNCT cana-3458 212 17 c c NOUN cana-3458 212 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 212 19 and and CCONJ cana-3458 212 20 d d X cana-3458 212 21 , , PUNCT cana-3458 212 22 which which PRON cana-3458 212 23 were be AUX cana-3458 212 24 determined determine VERB cana-3458 212 25 using use VERB cana-3458 212 26 the the DET cana-3458 212 27 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 212 28 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 212 29 of of ADP cana-3458 212 30 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 212 31 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 212 32 presented present VERB cana-3458 212 33 in in ADP cana-3458 212 34 figure figure NOUN cana-3458 212 35 1 1 NUM cana-3458 212 36 . . PUNCT cana-3458 213 1 the the DET cana-3458 213 2 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 213 3 suggests suggest VERB cana-3458 213 4 that that SCONJ cana-3458 213 5 15 15 NUM cana-3458 213 6 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 213 7 of of ADP cana-3458 213 8 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 213 9 was be AUX cana-3458 213 10 sufficient sufficient ADJ cana-3458 213 11 for for ADP cana-3458 213 12 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 213 13 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 213 14 to to ADP cana-3458 213 15 airport airport NOUN cana-3458 213 16 d. d. PROPN cana-3458 213 17 however however ADV cana-3458 213 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 213 19 an an DET cana-3458 213 20 increased increase VERB cana-3458 213 21 amount amount NOUN cana-3458 213 22 of of ADP cana-3458 213 23 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 213 24 was be AUX cana-3458 213 25 required require VERB cana-3458 213 26 for for ADP cana-3458 213 27 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 213 28 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 213 29 to to ADP cana-3458 213 30 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 213 31 a a DET cana-3458 213 32 , , PUNCT cana-3458 213 33 b b NOUN cana-3458 213 34 , , PUNCT cana-3458 213 35 and and CCONJ cana-3458 213 36 c c X cana-3458 213 37 , , PUNCT cana-3458 213 38 particularly particularly ADV cana-3458 213 39 for for ADP cana-3458 213 40 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 213 41 departing depart VERB cana-3458 213 42 from from ADP cana-3458 213 43 airport airport NOUN cana-3458 213 44 a a DET cana-3458 213 45 between between ADP cana-3458 213 46 01:00 01:00 NUM cana-3458 213 47 pm pm NOUN cana-3458 213 48 and and CCONJ cana-3458 213 49 07:00 07:00 NUM cana-3458 213 50 pm pm NOUN cana-3458 213 51 , , PUNCT cana-3458 213 52 airport airport NOUN cana-3458 213 53 b b PROPN cana-3458 213 54 between between ADP cana-3458 213 55 03:00 03:00 NUM cana-3458 213 56 pm pm NOUN cana-3458 213 57 and and CCONJ cana-3458 213 58 09:00 09:00 NUM cana-3458 213 59 pm pm NOUN cana-3458 213 60 , , PUNCT cana-3458 213 61 and and CCONJ cana-3458 213 62 airport airport NOUN cana-3458 213 63 c c PROPN cana-3458 213 64 between between ADP cana-3458 213 65 11:00 11:00 NUM cana-3458 213 66 am am NOUN cana-3458 213 67 and and CCONJ cana-3458 213 68 06:00 06:00 NUM cana-3458 213 69 pm pm NOUN cana-3458 213 70 . . PUNCT cana-3458 214 1 during during ADP cana-3458 214 2 the the DET cana-3458 214 3 re re ADJ cana-3458 214 4 - - ADJ cana-3458 214 5 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 214 6 process process NOUN cana-3458 214 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 214 8 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 214 9 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 214 10 were be AUX cana-3458 214 11 classified classify VERB cana-3458 214 12 into into ADP cana-3458 214 13 two two NUM cana-3458 214 14 categories category NOUN cana-3458 214 15 based base VERB cana-3458 214 16 on on ADP cana-3458 214 17 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 214 18 frequency frequency NOUN cana-3458 214 19 : : PUNCT cana-3458 214 20 those those PRON cana-3458 214 21 originating originate VERB cana-3458 214 22 from from ADP cana-3458 214 23 major major ADJ cana-3458 214 24 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 214 25 and and CCONJ cana-3458 214 26 those those PRON cana-3458 214 27 from from ADP cana-3458 214 28 other other ADJ cana-3458 214 29 locations location NOUN cana-3458 214 30 . . PUNCT cana-3458 215 1 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 215 2 from from ADP cana-3458 215 3 major major ADJ cana-3458 215 4 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 215 5 were be AUX cana-3458 215 6 assigned assign VERB cana-3458 215 7 a a DET cana-3458 215 8 weight weight NOUN cana-3458 215 9 value value NOUN cana-3458 215 10 of of ADP cana-3458 215 11 2 2 NUM cana-3458 215 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 215 13 while while SCONJ cana-3458 215 14 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 215 15 from from ADP cana-3458 215 16 other other ADJ cana-3458 215 17 locations location NOUN cana-3458 215 18 received receive VERB cana-3458 215 19 a a DET cana-3458 215 20 weight weight NOUN cana-3458 215 21 value value NOUN cana-3458 215 22 of of ADP cana-3458 215 23 1 1 NUM cana-3458 215 24 . . PUNCT cana-3458 215 25 to to PART cana-3458 215 26 solve solve VERB cana-3458 215 27 the the DET cana-3458 215 28 re re NOUN cana-3458 215 29 - - NOUN cana-3458 215 30 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 215 31 model model NOUN cana-3458 215 32 , , PUNCT cana-3458 215 33 we we PRON cana-3458 215 34 utilized utilize VERB cana-3458 215 35 the the DET cana-3458 215 36 optimization optimization NOUN cana-3458 215 37 toolbox toolbox NOUN cana-3458 215 38 of of ADP cana-3458 215 39 matlab matlab PROPN cana-3458 215 40 r2021b r2021b PROPN cana-3458 215 41 . . PUNCT cana-3458 215 42 figure figure NOUN cana-3458 215 43 3 3 NUM cana-3458 215 44 illustrates illustrate VERB cana-3458 215 45 the the DET cana-3458 215 46 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 215 47 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 215 48 in in ADP cana-3458 215 49 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 215 50 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 215 51 before before ADP cana-3458 215 52 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 215 53 above above ADV cana-3458 215 54 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 215 55 and and CCONJ cana-3458 215 56 after after ADP cana-3458 215 57 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 215 58 below below ADV cana-3458 215 59 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 215 60 re re NOUN cana-3458 215 61 - - NOUN cana-3458 215 62 timing timing NOUN cana-3458 215 63 . . PUNCT cana-3458 216 1 the the DET cana-3458 216 2 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 216 3 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 216 4 calculation calculation NOUN cana-3458 216 5 was be AUX cana-3458 216 6 only only ADV cana-3458 216 7 matched match VERB cana-3458 216 8 by by ADP cana-3458 216 9 5 5 NUM cana-3458 216 10 % % NOUN cana-3458 216 11 of of ADP cana-3458 216 12 the the DET cana-3458 216 13 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 216 14 in in ADP cana-3458 216 15 the the DET cana-3458 216 16 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 216 17 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 216 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 217 1 approximately approximately ADV cana-3458 217 2 40 40 NUM cana-3458 217 3 % % NOUN cana-3458 217 4 of of ADP cana-3458 217 5 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 217 6 changed change VERB cana-3458 217 7 their their PRON cana-3458 217 8 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 217 9 times time NOUN cana-3458 217 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 217 11 leading lead VERB cana-3458 217 12 to to ADP cana-3458 217 13 39 39 NUM cana-3458 217 14 % % NOUN cana-3458 217 15 of of ADP cana-3458 217 16 the the DET cana-3458 217 17 new new ADJ cana-3458 217 18 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 217 19 being be AUX cana-3458 217 20 equal equal ADJ cana-3458 217 21 in in ADP cana-3458 217 22 duration duration NOUN cana-3458 217 23 to to ADP cana-3458 217 24 the the DET cana-3458 217 25 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 217 26 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 217 27 . . PUNCT cana-3458 218 1 before before ADP cana-3458 218 2 re re VERB cana-3458 218 3 - - VERB cana-3458 218 4 timing timing NOUN cana-3458 218 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 218 6 the the DET cana-3458 218 7 old old ADJ cana-3458 218 8 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 218 9 deviated deviate VERB cana-3458 218 10 from from ADP cana-3458 218 11 the the DET cana-3458 218 12 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 218 13 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 218 14 by by ADP cana-3458 218 15 an an DET cana-3458 218 16 average average NOUN cana-3458 218 17 of of ADP cana-3458 218 18 15 15 NUM cana-3458 218 19 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 218 20 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 218 21 after after ADP cana-3458 218 22 re re VERB cana-3458 218 23 - - VERB cana-3458 218 24 timing timing NOUN cana-3458 218 25 , , PUNCT cana-3458 218 26 this this DET cana-3458 218 27 deviation deviation NOUN cana-3458 218 28 was be AUX cana-3458 218 29 reduced reduce VERB cana-3458 218 30 to to ADP cana-3458 218 31 10 10 NUM cana-3458 218 32 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 218 33 . . PUNCT cana-3458 219 1 table table NOUN cana-3458 219 2 1 1 NUM cana-3458 219 3 summarizes summarize NOUN cana-3458 219 4 the the DET cana-3458 219 5 total total ADJ cana-3458 219 6 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 219 7 in in ADP cana-3458 219 8 the the DET cana-3458 219 9 original original ADJ cana-3458 219 10 and and CCONJ cana-3458 219 11 new new ADJ cana-3458 219 12 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 219 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 220 1 according accord VERB cana-3458 220 2 to to ADP cana-3458 220 3 the the DET cana-3458 220 4 table table NOUN cana-3458 220 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 220 6 the the DET cana-3458 220 7 average average ADJ cana-3458 220 8 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 220 9 was be AUX cana-3458 220 10 increased increase VERB cana-3458 220 11 by by ADP cana-3458 220 12 only only ADV cana-3458 220 13 2 2 NUM cana-3458 220 14 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 220 15 due due ADJ cana-3458 220 16 to to PART cana-3458 220 17 re re VERB cana-3458 220 18 - - VERB cana-3458 220 19 timing timing NOUN cana-3458 220 20 , , PUNCT cana-3458 220 21 changing change VERB cana-3458 220 22 from from ADP cana-3458 220 23 15 15 NUM cana-3458 220 24 to to PART cana-3458 220 25 17 17 NUM cana-3458 220 26 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 220 27 . . PUNCT cana-3458 221 1 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 221 2 on on ADP cana-3458 221 3 applied apply VERB cana-3458 221 4 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 221 5 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 221 6 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 221 7 : : PUNCT cana-3458 221 8 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 221 9 - - PUNCT cana-3458 221 10 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 221 11 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 221 12 32 32 NUM cana-3458 221 13 no no NOUN cana-3458 221 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 222 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 222 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 222 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 222 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 222 5 481 481 NUM cana-3458 222 6 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 222 7 figure figure NOUN cana-3458 222 8 1 1 NUM cana-3458 222 9 . . PUNCT cana-3458 222 10 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 222 11 pdf pdf NOUN cana-3458 222 12 of of ADP cana-3458 222 13 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 222 14 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 222 15 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 222 16 left left ADJ cana-3458 222 17 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 222 18 and and CCONJ cana-3458 222 19 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 222 20 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 222 21 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 222 22 right right ADJ cana-3458 222 23 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 222 24 of of ADP cana-3458 222 25 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 222 26 departing depart VERB cana-3458 222 27 from from ADP cana-3458 222 28 four four NUM cana-3458 222 29 major major ADJ cana-3458 222 30 airports airport NOUN cana-3458 222 31 . . PUNCT cana-3458 223 1 table table NOUN cana-3458 223 2 1 1 NUM cana-3458 223 3 . . PUNCT cana-3458 224 1 the the DET cana-3458 224 2 results result NOUN cana-3458 224 3 before before ADV cana-3458 224 4 and and CCONJ cana-3458 224 5 after after ADP cana-3458 224 6 re re VERB cana-3458 224 7 - - NOUN cana-3458 224 8 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 224 9 results result NOUN cana-3458 224 10 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 224 11 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 224 12 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 224 13 before before ADP cana-3458 224 14 re re VERB cana-3458 224 15 - - NOUN cana-3458 224 16 timing timing NOUN cana-3458 224 17 after after ADP cana-3458 224 18 re re VERB cana-3458 224 19 - - NOUN cana-3458 224 20 timing time VERB cana-3458 224 21 total total ADJ cana-3458 224 22 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 224 23 3220 3220 NUM cana-3458 224 24 3475 3475 NUM cana-3458 224 25 the the DET cana-3458 224 26 average average NOUN cana-3458 224 27 of of ADP cana-3458 224 28 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 224 29 15 15 NUM cana-3458 224 30 17 17 NUM cana-3458 224 31 the the DET cana-3458 224 32 average average NOUN cana-3458 224 33 of of ADP cana-3458 224 34 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 224 35 changes change NOUN cana-3458 224 36 5 5 NUM cana-3458 224 37 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 224 38 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 224 39 simulation simulation NOUN cana-3458 224 40 was be AUX cana-3458 224 41 implemented implement VERB cana-3458 224 42 in in ADP cana-3458 224 43 accordance accordance NOUN cana-3458 224 44 with with ADP cana-3458 224 45 the the DET cana-3458 224 46 methodology methodology NOUN cana-3458 224 47 proposed propose VERB cana-3458 224 48 by by ADP cana-3458 224 49 novianingsih novianingsih PROPN cana-3458 224 50 & & CCONJ cana-3458 224 51 hadianti hadianti PROPN cana-3458 224 52 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 224 53 2016 2016 NUM cana-3458 224 54 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 224 55 to to PART cana-3458 224 56 evaluate evaluate VERB cana-3458 224 57 the the DET cana-3458 224 58 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN cana-3458 224 59 of of ADP cana-3458 224 60 the the DET cana-3458 224 61 new new ADJ cana-3458 224 62 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 224 63 . . PUNCT cana-3458 225 1 the the DET cana-3458 225 2 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 225 3 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 225 4 data datum NOUN cana-3458 225 5 and and CCONJ cana-3458 225 6 the the DET cana-3458 225 7 method method NOUN cana-3458 225 8 explained explain VERB cana-3458 225 9 by by ADP cana-3458 225 10 novianingsih novianingsih PROPN cana-3458 225 11 & & CCONJ cana-3458 225 12 hadianti hadianti PROPN cana-3458 225 13 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 225 14 2014 2014 NUM cana-3458 225 15 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 225 16 were be AUX cana-3458 225 17 employed employ VERB cana-3458 225 18 to to PART cana-3458 225 19 model model VERB cana-3458 225 20 the the DET cana-3458 225 21 pdf pdf NOUN cana-3458 225 22 of of ADP cana-3458 225 23 the the DET cana-3458 225 24 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 225 25 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 225 26 for for ADP cana-3458 225 27 each each DET cana-3458 225 28 airport airport NOUN cana-3458 225 29 . . PUNCT cana-3458 226 1 as as ADP cana-3458 226 2 a a DET cana-3458 226 3 result result NOUN cana-3458 226 4 , , PUNCT cana-3458 226 5 the the DET cana-3458 226 6 primary primary ADJ cana-3458 226 7 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 226 8 's 's PART cana-3458 226 9 pdf pdf NOUN cana-3458 226 10 was be AUX cana-3458 226 11 obtained obtain VERB cana-3458 226 12 as as ADP cana-3458 226 13 lognormal lognormal ADJ cana-3458 226 14 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 226 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 226 16 with with ADP cana-3458 226 17 parameter parameter NOUN cana-3458 226 18 values value NOUN cana-3458 226 19 of of ADP cana-3458 226 20 ο­οƒŽ[2.8,3.4 ο­οƒŽ[2.8,3.4 NOUN cana-3458 226 21 ] ] PUNCT cana-3458 226 22 and and CCONJ cana-3458 226 23 ο³οƒŽ[0.4,0.6 ο³οƒŽ[0.4,0.6 NOUN cana-3458 226 24 ] ] PUNCT cana-3458 226 25 . . PUNCT cana-3458 227 1 the the DET cana-3458 227 2 average average ADJ cana-3458 227 3 total total ADJ cana-3458 227 4 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 227 5 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 227 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 227 7 average average ADJ cana-3458 227 8 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 227 9 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 227 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 227 11 average average ADJ cana-3458 227 12 total total ADJ cana-3458 227 13 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 227 14 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 227 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 227 16 average average ADJ cana-3458 227 17 total total ADJ cana-3458 227 18 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 227 19 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 227 20 , , PUNCT cana-3458 227 21 and and CCONJ cana-3458 227 22 the the DET cana-3458 227 23 average average ADJ cana-3458 227 24 number number NOUN cana-3458 227 25 of of ADP cana-3458 227 26 passengers passenger NOUN cana-3458 227 27 missing miss VERB cana-3458 227 28 their their PRON cana-3458 227 29 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 227 30 were be AUX cana-3458 227 31 recorded record VERB cana-3458 227 32 after after ADP cana-3458 227 33 the the DET cana-3458 227 34 simulation simulation NOUN cana-3458 227 35 , , PUNCT cana-3458 227 36 as as SCONJ cana-3458 227 37 illustrated illustrate VERB cana-3458 227 38 in in ADP cana-3458 227 39 table table NOUN cana-3458 227 40 2 2 NUM cana-3458 227 41 . . PUNCT cana-3458 228 1 the the DET cana-3458 228 2 results result NOUN cana-3458 228 3 indicated indicate VERB cana-3458 228 4 that that SCONJ cana-3458 228 5 the the DET cana-3458 228 6 new new ADJ cana-3458 228 7 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 228 8 substantially substantially ADV cana-3458 228 9 reduced reduce VERB cana-3458 228 10 the the DET cana-3458 228 11 total total ADJ cana-3458 228 12 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 228 13 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 228 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 229 1 consequently consequently ADV cana-3458 229 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 229 3 the the DET cana-3458 229 4 total total ADJ cana-3458 229 5 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 229 6 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 229 7 in in ADP cana-3458 229 8 the the DET cana-3458 229 9 revised revise VERB cana-3458 229 10 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 229 11 decreased decrease VERB cana-3458 229 12 by by ADP cana-3458 229 13 an an DET cana-3458 229 14 amount amount NOUN cana-3458 229 15 that that PRON cana-3458 229 16 was be AUX cana-3458 229 17 equivalent equivalent ADJ cana-3458 229 18 to to ADP cana-3458 229 19 the the DET cana-3458 229 20 degradation degradation NOUN cana-3458 229 21 in in ADP cana-3458 229 22 total total ADJ cana-3458 229 23 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 229 24 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 229 25 . . PUNCT cana-3458 230 1 a a DET cana-3458 230 2 comparable comparable ADJ cana-3458 230 3 pattern pattern NOUN cana-3458 230 4 was be AUX cana-3458 230 5 observed observe VERB cana-3458 230 6 in in ADP cana-3458 230 7 the the DET cana-3458 230 8 number number NOUN cana-3458 230 9 of of ADP cana-3458 230 10 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 230 11 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 230 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 230 13 particularly particularly ADV cana-3458 230 14 when when SCONJ cana-3458 230 15 the the DET cana-3458 230 16 15 15 NUM cana-3458 230 17 - - PUNCT cana-3458 230 18 otp otp NOUN cana-3458 230 19 was be AUX cana-3458 230 20 employed employ VERB cana-3458 230 21 as as ADP cana-3458 230 22 the the DET cana-3458 230 23 on on ADP cana-3458 230 24 - - PUNCT cana-3458 230 25 time time NOUN cana-3458 230 26 performance performance NOUN cana-3458 230 27 metric metric NOUN cana-3458 230 28 , , PUNCT cana-3458 230 29 as as SCONJ cana-3458 230 30 illustrated illustrate VERB cana-3458 230 31 in in ADP cana-3458 230 32 table table NOUN cana-3458 230 33 3 3 NUM cana-3458 230 34 . . PUNCT cana-3458 231 1 the the DET cana-3458 231 2 new new ADJ cana-3458 231 3 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 231 4 were be AUX cana-3458 231 5 able able ADJ cana-3458 231 6 to to PART cana-3458 231 7 decrease decrease VERB cana-3458 231 8 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 231 9 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 231 10 by by ADP cana-3458 231 11 over over ADP cana-3458 231 12 20 20 NUM cana-3458 231 13 % % NOUN cana-3458 231 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 231 15 which which PRON cana-3458 231 16 suggests suggest VERB cana-3458 231 17 that that SCONJ cana-3458 231 18 slack slack VERB cana-3458 231 19 allocation allocation NOUN cana-3458 231 20 is be AUX cana-3458 231 21 effective effective ADJ cana-3458 231 22 in in ADP cana-3458 231 23 mitigating mitigate VERB cana-3458 231 24 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 231 25 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 231 26 . . PUNCT cana-3458 232 1 it it PRON cana-3458 232 2 was be AUX cana-3458 232 3 also also ADV cana-3458 232 4 discovered discover VERB cana-3458 232 5 that that SCONJ cana-3458 232 6 disrupted disrupt VERB cana-3458 232 7 passengers passenger NOUN cana-3458 232 8 contributed contribute VERB cana-3458 232 9 only only ADV cana-3458 232 10 5 5 NUM cana-3458 232 11 % % NOUN cana-3458 232 12 to to ADP cana-3458 232 13 the the DET cana-3458 232 14 average average ADJ cana-3458 232 15 total total ADJ cana-3458 232 16 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 232 17 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 232 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 232 19 while while SCONJ cana-3458 232 20 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 232 21 re re NOUN cana-3458 232 22 - - NOUN cana-3458 232 23 timing timing NOUN cana-3458 232 24 reduced reduce VERB cana-3458 232 25 over over ADP cana-3458 232 26 10 10 NUM cana-3458 232 27 % % NOUN cana-3458 232 28 of of ADP cana-3458 232 29 the the DET cana-3458 232 30 total total ADJ cana-3458 232 31 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 232 32 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 232 33 . . PUNCT cana-3458 233 1 these these DET cana-3458 233 2 findings finding NOUN cana-3458 233 3 underscored underscore VERB cana-3458 233 4 the the DET cana-3458 233 5 necessity necessity NOUN cana-3458 233 6 for for SCONJ cana-3458 233 7 airlines airline NOUN cana-3458 233 8 to to PART cana-3458 233 9 prioritize prioritize VERB cana-3458 233 10 reducing reduce VERB cana-3458 233 11 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 233 12 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 233 13 over over ADP cana-3458 233 14 reducing reduce VERB cana-3458 233 15 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 233 16 disruptions disruption NOUN cana-3458 233 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 234 1 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 234 2 on on ADP cana-3458 234 3 applied apply VERB cana-3458 234 4 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 234 5 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 234 6 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 234 7 : : PUNCT cana-3458 234 8 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 234 9 - - PUNCT cana-3458 234 10 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 234 11 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 234 12 32 32 NUM cana-3458 234 13 no no NOUN cana-3458 234 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 235 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 235 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 235 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 235 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 235 5 482 482 NUM cana-3458 235 6 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 235 7 figure figure NOUN cana-3458 235 8 2 2 NUM cana-3458 235 9 . . X cana-3458 235 10 slack slack VERB cana-3458 235 11 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 235 12 in in ADP cana-3458 235 13 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 235 14 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 235 15 before before ADP cana-3458 235 16 and and CCONJ cana-3458 235 17 after after ADP cana-3458 235 18 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 235 19 retiming retiming NOUN cana-3458 235 20 table table NOUN cana-3458 235 21 2 2 NUM cana-3458 235 22 . . PUNCT cana-3458 236 1 a a DET cana-3458 236 2 comparison comparison NOUN cana-3458 236 3 of of ADP cana-3458 236 4 the the DET cana-3458 236 5 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 236 6 measures measure NOUN cana-3458 236 7 between between ADP cana-3458 236 8 the the DET cana-3458 236 9 original original ADJ cana-3458 236 10 and and CCONJ cana-3458 236 11 revised revise VERB cana-3458 236 12 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 236 13 measures measure VERB cana-3458 236 14 original original ADJ cana-3458 236 15 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 236 16 revised revise VERB cana-3458 236 17 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 236 18 total total VERB cana-3458 236 19 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 236 20 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 236 21 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 236 22 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 236 23 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 236 24 4403.2 4403.2 NUM cana-3458 236 25 2358.1 2358.1 NUM cana-3458 236 26 total total ADJ cana-3458 236 27 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 236 28 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 236 29 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 236 30 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 236 31 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 236 32 5870.3 5870.3 NUM cana-3458 236 33 3825.2 3825.2 NUM cana-3458 236 34 delayed delay VERB cana-3458 236 35 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 236 36 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 236 37 % % NOUN cana-3458 236 38 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 236 39 28 28 NUM cana-3458 236 40 15 15 NUM cana-3458 236 41 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 236 42 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 236 43 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 236 44 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 236 45 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 236 46 3251.2 3251.2 NUM cana-3458 236 47 2035.1 2035.1 NUM cana-3458 236 48 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 236 49 disruptions disruption NOUN cana-3458 236 50 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 236 51 % % INTJ cana-3458 236 52 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 236 53 20 20 NUM cana-3458 236 54 15 15 NUM cana-3458 236 55 table table NOUN cana-3458 236 56 3 3 NUM cana-3458 236 57 the the DET cana-3458 236 58 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 236 59 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 236 60 simulation simulation NOUN cana-3458 236 61 results result VERB cana-3458 236 62 total total ADJ cana-3458 236 63 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 236 64 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 236 65 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 236 66 minutes minute NOUN cana-3458 236 67 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 237 1 [ [ X cana-3458 237 2 0,15 0,15 X cana-3458 237 3 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 237 4 [ [ X cana-3458 237 5 15,20 15,20 NUM cana-3458 237 6 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 238 1 [ [ X cana-3458 238 2 20,30 20,30 NUM cana-3458 238 3 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 239 1 [ [ X cana-3458 239 2 30,∞ 30,∞ NUM cana-3458 239 3 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 239 4 original original ADJ cana-3458 239 5 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 239 6 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 239 7 % % INTJ cana-3458 239 8 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 239 9 30 30 NUM cana-3458 239 10 15 15 NUM cana-3458 239 11 22 22 NUM cana-3458 239 12 35 35 NUM cana-3458 239 13 revised revise VERB cana-3458 239 14 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 239 15 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 239 16 % % NOUN cana-3458 239 17 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 239 18 54 54 NUM cana-3458 239 19 34 34 NUM cana-3458 239 20 5 5 NUM cana-3458 239 21 7 7 NUM cana-3458 239 22 conclusion conclusion NOUN cana-3458 239 23 this this DET cana-3458 239 24 paper paper NOUN cana-3458 239 25 presents present VERB cana-3458 239 26 a a DET cana-3458 239 27 method method NOUN cana-3458 239 28 that that PRON cana-3458 239 29 uses use VERB cana-3458 239 30 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 239 31 - - PUNCT cana-3458 239 32 based base VERB cana-3458 239 33 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 239 34 to to PART cana-3458 239 35 enhance enhance VERB cana-3458 239 36 the the DET cana-3458 239 37 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 239 38 of of ADP cana-3458 239 39 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 239 40 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 239 41 . . PUNCT cana-3458 240 1 the the DET cana-3458 240 2 approach approach NOUN cana-3458 240 3 begins begin VERB cana-3458 240 4 with with ADP cana-3458 240 5 estimating estimate VERB cana-3458 240 6 the the DET cana-3458 240 7 optimal optimal ADJ cana-3458 240 8 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 240 9 in in ADP cana-3458 240 10 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 240 11 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 240 12 by by ADP cana-3458 240 13 modeling model VERB cana-3458 240 14 bivariate bivariate ADJ cana-3458 240 15 historical historical ADJ cana-3458 240 16 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 240 17 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 240 18 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 240 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 241 1 a a DET cana-3458 241 2 non non ADJ cana-3458 241 3 - - ADJ cana-3458 241 4 linear linear ADJ cana-3458 241 5 integer integer NOUN cana-3458 241 6 programming programming NOUN cana-3458 241 7 model model NOUN cana-3458 241 8 was be AUX cana-3458 241 9 then then ADV cana-3458 241 10 developed develop VERB cana-3458 241 11 to to PART cana-3458 241 12 optimize optimize VERB cana-3458 241 13 the the DET cana-3458 241 14 distribution distribution NOUN cana-3458 241 15 of of ADP cana-3458 241 16 the the DET cana-3458 241 17 estimated estimate VERB cana-3458 241 18 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 241 19 among among ADP cana-3458 241 20 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 241 21 connections connection NOUN cana-3458 241 22 by by ADP cana-3458 241 23 adjusting adjust VERB cana-3458 241 24 their their PRON cana-3458 241 25 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 241 26 times time NOUN cana-3458 241 27 . . PUNCT cana-3458 242 1 the the DET cana-3458 242 2 model model NOUN cana-3458 242 3 's 's PART cana-3458 242 4 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN cana-3458 242 5 was be AUX cana-3458 242 6 evaluated evaluate VERB cana-3458 242 7 by by ADP cana-3458 242 8 comparing compare VERB cana-3458 242 9 its its PRON cana-3458 242 10 results result NOUN cana-3458 242 11 to to ADP cana-3458 242 12 the the DET cana-3458 242 13 actual actual ADJ cana-3458 242 14 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 242 15 of of ADP cana-3458 242 16 an an DET cana-3458 242 17 indonesian indonesian ADJ cana-3458 242 18 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 242 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 243 1 the the DET cana-3458 243 2 computational computational ADJ cana-3458 243 3 results result NOUN cana-3458 243 4 demonstrated demonstrate VERB cana-3458 243 5 that that SCONJ cana-3458 243 6 the the DET cana-3458 243 7 method method NOUN cana-3458 243 8 successfully successfully ADV cana-3458 243 9 improved improve VERB cana-3458 243 10 the the DET cana-3458 243 11 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 243 12 of of ADP cana-3458 243 13 the the DET cana-3458 243 14 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 243 15 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 243 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 244 1 significantly significantly ADV cana-3458 244 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 244 3 this this DET cana-3458 244 4 method method NOUN cana-3458 244 5 only only ADV cana-3458 244 6 adjusted adjust VERB cana-3458 244 7 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 244 8 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 244 9 times time NOUN cana-3458 244 10 and and CCONJ cana-3458 244 11 did do AUX cana-3458 244 12 not not PART cana-3458 244 13 affect affect VERB cana-3458 244 14 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 244 15 routings routing NOUN cana-3458 244 16 , , PUNCT cana-3458 244 17 fleet fleet NOUN cana-3458 244 18 assignments assignment NOUN cana-3458 244 19 , , PUNCT cana-3458 244 20 or or CCONJ cana-3458 244 21 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 244 22 itineraries itinerary NOUN cana-3458 244 23 . . PUNCT cana-3458 245 1 this this PRON cana-3458 245 2 allowed allow VERB cana-3458 245 3 for for ADP cana-3458 245 4 improvements improvement NOUN cana-3458 245 5 in in ADP cana-3458 245 6 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 245 7 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 245 8 without without ADP cana-3458 245 9 significantly significantly ADV cana-3458 245 10 increasing increase VERB cana-3458 245 11 planning planning NOUN cana-3458 245 12 costs cost NOUN cana-3458 245 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 246 1 therefore therefore ADV cana-3458 246 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 246 3 the the DET cana-3458 246 4 method method NOUN cana-3458 246 5 could could AUX cana-3458 246 6 seamlessly seamlessly ADV cana-3458 246 7 integrate integrate VERB cana-3458 246 8 into into ADP cana-3458 246 9 a a DET cana-3458 246 10 posttraditional posttraditional ADJ cana-3458 246 11 optimization optimization NOUN cana-3458 246 12 step step NOUN cana-3458 246 13 to to PART cana-3458 246 14 create create VERB cana-3458 246 15 more more ADV cana-3458 246 16 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 246 17 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 246 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 247 1 while while SCONJ cana-3458 247 2 there there PRON cana-3458 247 3 may may AUX cana-3458 247 4 have have AUX cana-3458 247 5 been be AUX cana-3458 247 6 an an DET cana-3458 247 7 increase increase NOUN cana-3458 247 8 in in ADP cana-3458 247 9 planned plan VERB cana-3458 247 10 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 247 11 costs cost NOUN cana-3458 247 12 due due ADJ cana-3458 247 13 to to ADP cana-3458 247 14 the the DET cana-3458 247 15 adjustments adjustment NOUN cana-3458 247 16 in in ADP cana-3458 247 17 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 247 18 times time NOUN cana-3458 247 19 , , PUNCT cana-3458 247 20 this this DET cana-3458 247 21 impact impact NOUN cana-3458 247 22 remained remain VERB cana-3458 247 23 feasible feasible ADJ cana-3458 247 24 when when SCONJ cana-3458 247 25 considering consider VERB cana-3458 247 26 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 247 27 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 247 28 . . PUNCT cana-3458 248 1 the the DET cana-3458 248 2 adjustments adjustment NOUN cana-3458 248 3 involved involve VERB cana-3458 248 4 rescheduling reschedule VERB cana-3458 248 5 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 248 6 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 248 7 times time NOUN cana-3458 248 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 248 9 excluding exclude VERB cana-3458 248 10 the the DET cana-3458 248 11 first first ADJ cana-3458 248 12 and and CCONJ cana-3458 248 13 last last ADJ cana-3458 248 14 flights flight NOUN cana-3458 248 15 in in ADP cana-3458 248 16 duty duty NOUN cana-3458 248 17 cycles cycle NOUN cana-3458 248 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 249 1 looking look VERB cana-3458 249 2 ahead ahead ADV cana-3458 249 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 249 4 an an DET cana-3458 249 5 additional additional ADJ cana-3458 249 6 area area NOUN cana-3458 249 7 for for ADP cana-3458 249 8 future future ADJ cana-3458 249 9 research research NOUN cana-3458 249 10 could could AUX cana-3458 249 11 involve involve VERB cana-3458 249 12 integrating integrate VERB cana-3458 249 13 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 249 14 costs cost NOUN cana-3458 249 15 into into ADP cana-3458 249 16 the the DET cana-3458 249 17 re re NOUN cana-3458 249 18 - - NOUN cana-3458 249 19 timing timing ADJ cana-3458 249 20 model model NOUN cana-3458 249 21 , , PUNCT cana-3458 249 22 as as SCONJ cana-3458 249 23 demonstrated demonstrate VERB cana-3458 249 24 in in ADP cana-3458 249 25 studies study NOUN cana-3458 249 26 conducted conduct VERB cana-3458 249 27 by by ADP cana-3458 249 28 teymouri teymouri PROPN cana-3458 249 29 et et PROPN cana-3458 249 30 al al PROPN cana-3458 249 31 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 249 32 2023 2023 NUM cana-3458 249 33 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 249 34 ; ; PUNCT cana-3458 249 35 wen wen PROPN cana-3458 249 36 et et PROPN cana-3458 249 37 al al PROPN cana-3458 249 38 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 249 39 2020 2020 NUM cana-3458 249 40 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 249 41 . . PUNCT cana-3458 250 1 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 250 2 on on ADP cana-3458 250 3 applied apply VERB cana-3458 250 4 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 250 5 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 250 6 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 250 7 : : PUNCT cana-3458 250 8 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 250 9 - - PUNCT cana-3458 250 10 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 250 11 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 250 12 32 32 NUM cana-3458 250 13 no no NOUN cana-3458 250 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 251 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 251 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 251 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 251 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 251 5 483 483 NUM cana-3458 251 6 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 251 7 acknowledgements acknowledgement NOUN cana-3458 251 8 this this DET cana-3458 251 9 research research NOUN cana-3458 251 10 was be AUX cana-3458 251 11 supported support VERB cana-3458 251 12 through through ADP cana-3458 251 13 penelitian penelitian PROPN cana-3458 251 14 fundamental fundamental ADJ cana-3458 251 15 2024 2024 NUM cana-3458 251 16 from from ADP cana-3458 251 17 the the DET cana-3458 251 18 directorate directorate ADJ cana-3458 251 19 research research NOUN cana-3458 251 20 , , PUNCT cana-3458 251 21 technology technology NOUN cana-3458 251 22 , , PUNCT cana-3458 251 23 and and CCONJ cana-3458 251 24 community community NOUN cana-3458 251 25 service service NOUN cana-3458 251 26 , , PUNCT cana-3458 251 27 directorate directorate ADJ cana-3458 251 28 general general NOUN cana-3458 251 29 of of ADP cana-3458 251 30 higher high ADJ cana-3458 251 31 education education NOUN cana-3458 251 32 , , PUNCT cana-3458 251 33 research research NOUN cana-3458 251 34 , , PUNCT cana-3458 251 35 and and CCONJ cana-3458 251 36 technology technology NOUN cana-3458 251 37 , , PUNCT cana-3458 251 38 ministry ministry PROPN cana-3458 251 39 of of ADP cana-3458 251 40 education education PROPN cana-3458 251 41 , , PUNCT cana-3458 251 42 culture culture NOUN cana-3458 251 43 , , PUNCT cana-3458 251 44 research research NOUN cana-3458 251 45 , , PUNCT cana-3458 251 46 and and CCONJ cana-3458 251 47 technology technology PROPN cana-3458 251 48 indonesia indonesia PROPN cana-3458 251 49 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 251 50 no:1191 no:1191 PROPN cana-3458 251 51 / / SYM cana-3458 251 52 un40.lp un40.lp NOUN cana-3458 251 53 / / SYM cana-3458 251 54 pt.01.03/2024 pt.01.03/2024 NOUN cana-3458 251 55 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 251 56 . . PUNCT cana-3458 252 1 references reference NOUN cana-3458 252 2 [ [ X cana-3458 252 3 1 1 NUM cana-3458 252 4 ] ] PUNCT cana-3458 252 5 abdelghany abdelghany PROPN cana-3458 252 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 252 7 a. a. NOUN cana-3458 252 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 252 9 ekollu ekollu NOUN cana-3458 252 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 252 11 g. g. PROPN cana-3458 252 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 252 13 narasimhan narasimhan PROPN cana-3458 252 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 252 15 r. r. PROPN cana-3458 252 16 , , PUNCT cana-3458 252 17 & & CCONJ cana-3458 252 18 abdelghany abdelghany PROPN cana-3458 252 19 , , PUNCT cana-3458 252 20 k. k. PROPN cana-3458 252 21 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 252 22 2004 2004 NUM cana-3458 252 23 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 252 24 . . PUNCT cana-3458 253 1 a a DET cana-3458 253 2 proactive proactive ADJ cana-3458 253 3 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 253 4 recovery recovery NOUN cana-3458 253 5 decision decision NOUN cana-3458 253 6 support support NOUN cana-3458 253 7 tool tool NOUN cana-3458 253 8 for for ADP cana-3458 253 9 commercial commercial ADJ cana-3458 253 10 airlines airline NOUN cana-3458 253 11 during during ADP cana-3458 253 12 irregular irregular ADJ cana-3458 253 13 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 253 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 254 1 annals annal NOUN cana-3458 254 2 of of ADP cana-3458 254 3 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 254 4 research research NOUN cana-3458 254 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 254 6 127 127 NUM cana-3458 254 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 254 8 309 309 NUM cana-3458 254 9 - - SYM cana-3458 254 10 331 331 NUM cana-3458 254 11 . . PUNCT cana-3458 255 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 255 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 255 3 https://doi.org/10.1023/b:anor.0000019094.19940.41 https://doi.org/10.1023/b:anor.0000019094.19940.41 PROPN cana-3458 255 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 256 1 [ [ X cana-3458 256 2 2 2 NUM cana-3458 256 3 ] ] PUNCT cana-3458 256 4 ahmadbeygi ahmadbeygi NOUN cana-3458 256 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 256 6 s. s. PROPN cana-3458 256 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 256 8 cohn cohn PROPN cana-3458 256 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 256 10 a. a. PROPN cana-3458 256 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 256 12 & & CCONJ cana-3458 256 13 lapp lapp PROPN cana-3458 256 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 256 15 m. m. NOUN cana-3458 256 16 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 256 17 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 256 18 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 256 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 257 1 decreasing decrease VERB cana-3458 257 2 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 257 3 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 257 4 propagation propagation NOUN cana-3458 257 5 by by ADP cana-3458 257 6 re re VERB cana-3458 257 7 - - ADJ cana-3458 257 8 allocating allocating ADJ cana-3458 257 9 scheduled schedule VERB cana-3458 257 10 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 257 11 . . PUNCT cana-3458 258 1 iie iie NOUN cana-3458 258 2 transactions transaction NOUN cana-3458 258 3 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 258 4 institute institute NOUN cana-3458 258 5 of of ADP cana-3458 258 6 industrial industrial ADJ cana-3458 258 7 engineers engineer NOUN cana-3458 258 8 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 258 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 258 10 42(7 42(7 NOUN cana-3458 258 11 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 258 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 258 13 478–489 478–489 NUM cana-3458 258 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 259 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 259 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 259 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/07408170903468605 https://doi.org/10.1080/07408170903468605 X cana-3458 259 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 260 1 [ [ X cana-3458 260 2 3 3 NUM cana-3458 260 3 ] ] X cana-3458 260 4 aloulou aloulou ADJ cana-3458 260 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 260 6 m. m. NOUN cana-3458 260 7 a. a. PROPN cana-3458 260 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 260 9 haouari haouari NOUN cana-3458 260 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 260 11 m. m. NOUN cana-3458 260 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 260 13 & & CCONJ cana-3458 260 14 zeghal zeghal PROPN cana-3458 260 15 mansour mansour PROPN cana-3458 260 16 , , PUNCT cana-3458 260 17 f. f. PROPN cana-3458 260 18 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 260 19 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 260 20 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 260 21 . . PUNCT cana-3458 261 1 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 261 2 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 261 3 routing routing NOUN cana-3458 261 4 and and CCONJ cana-3458 261 5 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 261 6 retiming retiming NOUN cana-3458 261 7 . . PUNCT cana-3458 262 1 electronic electronic ADJ cana-3458 262 2 notes note NOUN cana-3458 262 3 in in ADP cana-3458 262 4 discrete discrete ADJ cana-3458 262 5 mathematics mathematic NOUN cana-3458 262 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 262 7 36 36 NUM cana-3458 262 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 262 9 367–374 367–374 NUM cana-3458 262 10 . . PUNCT cana-3458 263 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 263 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 263 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endm.2010.05.047 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endm.2010.05.047 NOUN cana-3458 263 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 264 1 [ [ X cana-3458 264 2 4 4 NUM cana-3458 264 3 ] ] X cana-3458 264 4 antunes antunes PROPN cana-3458 264 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 264 6 d. d. PROPN cana-3458 264 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 264 8 vaze vaze NOUN cana-3458 264 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 264 10 v. v. ADV cana-3458 264 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 264 12 & & CCONJ cana-3458 264 13 antunes antunes PROPN cana-3458 264 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 264 15 a. a. NOUN cana-3458 264 16 p. p. NOUN cana-3458 264 17 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 264 18 2019 2019 NUM cana-3458 264 19 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 264 20 . . PUNCT cana-3458 265 1 a a DET cana-3458 265 2 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 265 3 pairing pairing NOUN cana-3458 265 4 model model NOUN cana-3458 265 5 for for ADP cana-3458 265 6 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 265 7 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 265 8 scheduling scheduling NOUN cana-3458 265 9 . . PUNCT cana-3458 266 1 transportation transportation NOUN cana-3458 266 2 science science NOUN cana-3458 266 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 266 4 53(6 53(6 PROPN cana-3458 266 5 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 266 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 266 7 1751–1771 1751–1771 NUM cana-3458 266 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 267 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 267 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 267 3 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2019.0897 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2019.0897 PROPN cana-3458 267 4 [ [ X cana-3458 267 5 5 5 NUM cana-3458 267 6 ] ] PUNCT cana-3458 267 7 ball ball NOUN cana-3458 267 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 267 9 m. m. NOUN cana-3458 267 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 267 11 barnhart barnhart PROPN cana-3458 267 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 267 13 c. c. PROPN cana-3458 267 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 267 15 nemhauser nemhauser NOUN cana-3458 267 16 , , PUNCT cana-3458 267 17 g. g. PROPN cana-3458 267 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 267 19 & & CCONJ cana-3458 267 20 odoni odoni PROPN cana-3458 267 21 , , PUNCT cana-3458 267 22 a. a. NOUN cana-3458 267 23 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 267 24 2007 2007 NUM cana-3458 267 25 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 267 26 . . PUNCT cana-3458 268 1 air air NOUN cana-3458 268 2 transportation transportation PROPN cana-3458 268 3 : : PUNCT cana-3458 268 4 irregular irregular ADJ cana-3458 268 5 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 268 6 and and CCONJ cana-3458 268 7 control control NOUN cana-3458 268 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 269 1 handbooks handbook NOUN cana-3458 269 2 in in ADP cana-3458 269 3 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 269 4 research research NOUN cana-3458 269 5 and and CCONJ cana-3458 269 6 management management NOUN cana-3458 269 7 science science NOUN cana-3458 269 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 269 9 14 14 NUM cana-3458 269 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 269 11 1–67 1–67 PROPN cana-3458 269 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 270 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 270 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 270 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/s09270507(06)14001-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/s09270507(06)14001-3 NOUN cana-3458 270 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 271 1 [ [ X cana-3458 271 2 6 6 NUM cana-3458 271 3 ] ] PUNCT cana-3458 271 4 barnhart barnhart PROPN cana-3458 271 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 271 6 c. c. PROPN cana-3458 271 7 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 271 8 2009 2009 NUM cana-3458 271 9 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 271 10 . . PUNCT cana-3458 272 1 irregular irregular ADJ cana-3458 272 2 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 272 3 : : PUNCT cana-3458 272 4 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 272 5 recovery recovery NOUN cana-3458 272 6 and and CCONJ cana-3458 272 7 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 272 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 273 1 the the DET cana-3458 273 2 global global ADJ cana-3458 273 3 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 273 4 industry industry NOUN cana-3458 273 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 273 6 253 253 NUM cana-3458 273 7 - - SYM cana-3458 273 8 274 274 NUM cana-3458 273 9 . . PUNCT cana-3458 274 1 [ [ X cana-3458 274 2 7 7 NUM cana-3458 274 3 ] ] X cana-3458 274 4 burke burke PROPN cana-3458 274 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 274 6 e. e. PROPN cana-3458 274 7 k. k. PROPN cana-3458 274 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 274 9 de de PROPN cana-3458 274 10 causmaecker causmaecker PROPN cana-3458 274 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 274 12 p. p. PROPN cana-3458 274 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 274 14 de de X cana-3458 274 15 maere maere X cana-3458 274 16 , , PUNCT cana-3458 274 17 g. g. PROPN cana-3458 274 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 274 19 mulder mulder PROPN cana-3458 274 20 , , PUNCT cana-3458 274 21 j. j. PROPN cana-3458 274 22 , , PUNCT cana-3458 274 23 paelinck paelinck ADV cana-3458 274 24 , , PUNCT cana-3458 274 25 m. m. NOUN cana-3458 274 26 , , PUNCT cana-3458 274 27 & & CCONJ cana-3458 274 28 vanden vanden PROPN cana-3458 274 29 berghe berghe PROPN cana-3458 274 30 , , PUNCT cana-3458 274 31 g. g. PROPN cana-3458 274 32 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 274 33 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 274 34 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 274 35 . . PUNCT cana-3458 275 1 a a DET cana-3458 275 2 multiobjective multiobjective ADJ cana-3458 275 3 approach approach NOUN cana-3458 275 4 for for ADP cana-3458 275 5 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 275 6 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 275 7 scheduling scheduling NOUN cana-3458 275 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 276 1 computers computer NOUN cana-3458 276 2 and and CCONJ cana-3458 276 3 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 276 4 research research NOUN cana-3458 276 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 276 6 37(5 37(5 NUM cana-3458 276 7 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 276 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 276 9 822–832 822–832 NUM cana-3458 276 10 . . PUNCT cana-3458 277 1 doi doi PROPN cana-3458 277 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 277 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2009.03.026 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2009.03.026 PROPN cana-3458 277 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 278 1 [ [ X cana-3458 278 2 8 8 NUM cana-3458 278 3 ] ] X cana-3458 278 4 cacchiani cacchiani NOUN cana-3458 278 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 278 6 v. v. PROPN cana-3458 278 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 278 8 & & CCONJ cana-3458 278 9 salazar salazar PROPN cana-3458 278 10 - - PUNCT cana-3458 278 11 gonzΓ‘lez gonzΓ‘lez PROPN cana-3458 278 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 278 13 j. j. PROPN cana-3458 278 14 j. j. PROPN cana-3458 278 15 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 278 16 2020 2020 NUM cana-3458 278 17 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 278 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 279 1 heuristic heuristic ADJ cana-3458 279 2 approaches approach NOUN cana-3458 279 3 for for ADP cana-3458 279 4 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 279 5 retiming retiming NOUN cana-3458 279 6 in in ADP cana-3458 279 7 an an DET cana-3458 279 8 integrated integrate VERB cana-3458 279 9 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 279 10 scheduling scheduling NOUN cana-3458 279 11 problem problem NOUN cana-3458 279 12 of of ADP cana-3458 279 13 a a DET cana-3458 279 14 regional regional ADJ cana-3458 279 15 carrier carrier NOUN cana-3458 279 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 280 1 omega omega NOUN cana-3458 280 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 280 3 91 91 NUM cana-3458 280 4 , , PUNCT cana-3458 280 5 102028 102028 NUM cana-3458 280 6 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 280 7 : : PUNCT cana-3458 280 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2019.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2019.01.006 NUM cana-3458 280 9 . . PUNCT cana-3458 281 1 [ [ X cana-3458 281 2 9 9 NUM cana-3458 281 3 ] ] X cana-3458 281 4 chiraphadhanakul chiraphadhanakul ADJ cana-3458 281 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 281 6 v. v. PROPN cana-3458 281 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 281 8 & & CCONJ cana-3458 281 9 barnhart barnhart PROPN cana-3458 281 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 281 11 c. c. PROPN cana-3458 281 12 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 281 13 2013 2013 NUM cana-3458 281 14 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 281 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 282 1 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 282 2 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 282 3 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 282 4 through through ADP cana-3458 282 5 slack slack NOUN cana-3458 282 6 re re NOUN cana-3458 282 7 - - NOUN cana-3458 282 8 allocation allocation NOUN cana-3458 282 9 . . PUNCT cana-3458 283 1 euro euro PROPN cana-3458 283 2 journal journal PROPN cana-3458 283 3 on on ADP cana-3458 283 4 transportation transportation NOUN cana-3458 283 5 and and CCONJ cana-3458 283 6 logistics logistic NOUN cana-3458 283 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 283 8 2(4 2(4 NUM cana-3458 283 9 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 283 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 283 11 277–306 277–306 NUM cana-3458 283 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 284 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 284 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 284 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13676-013-0028-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s13676-013-0028-y NOUN cana-3458 284 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 285 1 [ [ X cana-3458 285 2 10 10 NUM cana-3458 285 3 ] ] X cana-3458 285 4 clausen clausen PROPN cana-3458 285 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 285 6 j. j. PROPN cana-3458 285 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 285 8 larsen larsen PROPN cana-3458 285 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 285 10 a. a. PROPN cana-3458 285 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 285 12 larsen larsen PROPN cana-3458 285 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 285 14 j. j. PROPN cana-3458 285 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 285 16 & & CCONJ cana-3458 285 17 rezanova rezanova PROPN cana-3458 285 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 285 19 n. n. PROPN cana-3458 285 20 j. j. PROPN cana-3458 285 21 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 285 22 2010 2010 NUM cana-3458 285 23 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 285 24 . . PUNCT cana-3458 286 1 disruption disruption NOUN cana-3458 286 2 management management NOUN cana-3458 286 3 in in ADP cana-3458 286 4 the the DET cana-3458 286 5 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 286 6 industryconcepts industryconcept NOUN cana-3458 286 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 286 8 models model NOUN cana-3458 286 9 and and CCONJ cana-3458 286 10 methods method NOUN cana-3458 286 11 . . PUNCT cana-3458 287 1 computers computer NOUN cana-3458 287 2 and and CCONJ cana-3458 287 3 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 287 4 research research NOUN cana-3458 287 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 287 6 37(5 37(5 NUM cana-3458 287 7 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 287 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 287 9 809–821 809–821 NUM cana-3458 287 10 . . PUNCT cana-3458 288 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 288 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 288 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2009.03.027 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2009.03.027 NOUN cana-3458 288 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 289 1 [ [ X cana-3458 289 2 11 11 NUM cana-3458 289 3 ] ] X cana-3458 289 4 dunbar dunbar NOUN cana-3458 289 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 289 6 m. m. NOUN cana-3458 289 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 289 8 froyland froyland PROPN cana-3458 289 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 289 10 g. g. PROPN cana-3458 289 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 289 12 & & CCONJ cana-3458 289 13 wu wu PROPN cana-3458 289 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 289 15 c. c. PROPN cana-3458 289 16 l. l. PROPN cana-3458 289 17 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 289 18 2012 2012 NUM cana-3458 289 19 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 289 20 . . PUNCT cana-3458 290 1 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 290 2 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 290 3 schedule schedule NOUN cana-3458 290 4 planning planning NOUN cana-3458 290 5 : : PUNCT cana-3458 290 6 minimizing minimize VERB cana-3458 290 7 propagated propagate VERB cana-3458 290 8 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 290 9 in in ADP cana-3458 290 10 an an DET cana-3458 290 11 integrated integrated ADJ cana-3458 290 12 routing routing NOUN cana-3458 290 13 and and CCONJ cana-3458 290 14 crewing crewing NOUN cana-3458 290 15 framework framework NOUN cana-3458 290 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 291 1 transportation transportation NOUN cana-3458 291 2 science science NOUN cana-3458 291 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 291 4 46(2 46(2 NOUN cana-3458 291 5 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 291 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 291 7 204–216 204–216 NUM cana-3458 291 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 292 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 292 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 292 3 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1110.0395 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1110.0395 PROPN cana-3458 292 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 293 1 [ [ X cana-3458 293 2 12 12 NUM cana-3458 293 3 ] ] SYM cana-3458 293 4 eggenberg eggenberg PROPN cana-3458 293 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 293 6 n. n. NOUN cana-3458 293 7 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 293 8 2009 2009 NUM cana-3458 293 9 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 293 10 . . PUNCT cana-3458 294 1 combining combine VERB cana-3458 294 2 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 294 3 and and CCONJ cana-3458 294 4 recovery recovery NOUN cana-3458 294 5 for for ADP cana-3458 294 6 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 294 7 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 294 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 295 1 doctoral doctoral ADJ cana-3458 295 2 thesis thesis NOUN cana-3458 295 3 . . PUNCT cana-3458 296 1 epfl epfl VERB cana-3458 296 2 , , PUNCT cana-3458 296 3 suisse suisse X cana-3458 296 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 297 1 [ [ X cana-3458 297 2 13 13 NUM cana-3458 297 3 ] ] SYM cana-3458 297 4 ehrgott ehrgott NOUN cana-3458 297 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 297 6 m. m. NOUN cana-3458 297 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 297 8 & & CCONJ cana-3458 297 9 ryan ryan PROPN cana-3458 297 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 297 11 d. d. PROPN cana-3458 297 12 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 297 13 2001 2001 NUM cana-3458 297 14 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 297 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 298 1 bicriteria bicriteria PROPN cana-3458 298 2 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 298 3 versus versus ADP cana-3458 298 4 cost cost NOUN cana-3458 298 5 optimization optimization NOUN cana-3458 298 6 in in ADP cana-3458 298 7 tour tour NOUN cana-3458 298 8 of of ADP cana-3458 298 9 duty duty NOUN cana-3458 298 10 planning planning NOUN cana-3458 298 11 at at ADP cana-3458 298 12 air air PROPN cana-3458 298 13 new new PROPN cana-3458 298 14 zealand zealand PROPN cana-3458 298 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 299 1 proceedings proceeding NOUN cana-3458 299 2 of of ADP cana-3458 299 3 the the DET cana-3458 299 4 35th 35th ADJ cana-3458 299 5 annual annual ADJ cana-3458 299 6 conference conference NOUN cana-3458 299 7 of of ADP cana-3458 299 8 the the DET cana-3458 299 9 operational operational ADJ cana-3458 299 10 research research NOUN cana-3458 299 11 society society NOUN cana-3458 299 12 of of ADP cana-3458 299 13 new new PROPN cana-3458 299 14 zealand zealand PROPN cana-3458 299 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 300 1 31 31 NUM cana-3458 300 2 - - SYM cana-3458 300 3 39 39 NUM cana-3458 300 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 301 1 [ [ X cana-3458 301 2 14 14 NUM cana-3458 301 3 ] ] X cana-3458 301 4 gao gao PROPN cana-3458 301 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 301 6 c. c. PROPN cana-3458 301 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 301 8 johnson johnson PROPN cana-3458 301 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 301 10 e. e. PROPN cana-3458 301 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 301 12 & & CCONJ cana-3458 301 13 smith smith PROPN cana-3458 301 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 301 15 b. b. PROPN cana-3458 301 16 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 301 17 2009 2009 NUM cana-3458 301 18 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 301 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 302 1 integrated integrate VERB cana-3458 302 2 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 302 3 fleet fleet NOUN cana-3458 302 4 and and CCONJ cana-3458 302 5 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 302 6 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 302 7 planning planning NOUN cana-3458 302 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 303 1 transportation transportation NOUN cana-3458 303 2 science science NOUN cana-3458 303 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 303 4 43(1 43(1 NOUN cana-3458 303 5 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 303 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 303 7 2–16 2–16 NOUN cana-3458 303 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 304 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 304 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 304 3 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1080.0257 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1080.0257 PROPN cana-3458 304 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 305 1 [ [ X cana-3458 305 2 15 15 NUM cana-3458 305 3 ] ] X cana-3458 305 4 lan lan PROPN cana-3458 305 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 305 6 s. s. PROPN cana-3458 305 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 305 8 clarke clarke PROPN cana-3458 305 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 305 10 j. j. PROPN cana-3458 305 11 p. p. PROPN cana-3458 305 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 305 13 & & CCONJ cana-3458 305 14 barnhart barnhart PROPN cana-3458 305 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 305 16 c. c. PROPN cana-3458 305 17 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 305 18 2006 2006 NUM cana-3458 305 19 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 305 20 . . PUNCT cana-3458 306 1 planning plan VERB cana-3458 306 2 for for ADP cana-3458 306 3 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 306 4 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 306 5 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 306 6 : : PUNCT cana-3458 306 7 optimizing optimize VERB cana-3458 306 8 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 306 9 routings routing NOUN cana-3458 306 10 and and CCONJ cana-3458 306 11 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 306 12 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 306 13 times time NOUN cana-3458 306 14 to to PART cana-3458 306 15 minimize minimize VERB cana-3458 306 16 passenger passenger NOUN cana-3458 306 17 disruptions disruption NOUN cana-3458 306 18 . . PUNCT cana-3458 307 1 transportation transportation NOUN cana-3458 307 2 science science NOUN cana-3458 307 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 307 4 40(1 40(1 NOUN cana-3458 307 5 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 307 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 307 7 15–28 15–28 PROPN cana-3458 307 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 308 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 308 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 308 3 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1050.0134 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1050.0134 PROPN cana-3458 308 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 309 1 [ [ X cana-3458 309 2 16 16 NUM cana-3458 309 3 ] ] X cana-3458 309 4 lee lee PROPN cana-3458 309 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 309 6 l. l. PROPN cana-3458 309 7 h. h. PROPN cana-3458 309 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 309 9 lee lee PROPN cana-3458 309 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 309 11 c. c. PROPN cana-3458 309 12 u. u. PROPN cana-3458 309 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 309 14 & & CCONJ cana-3458 309 15 tan tan PROPN cana-3458 309 16 , , PUNCT cana-3458 309 17 y. y. PROPN cana-3458 309 18 p. p. PROPN cana-3458 309 19 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 309 20 2007 2007 NUM cana-3458 309 21 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 309 22 . . PUNCT cana-3458 310 1 a a DET cana-3458 310 2 multi multi ADJ cana-3458 310 3 - - ADJ cana-3458 310 4 objective objective ADJ cana-3458 310 5 genetic genetic ADJ cana-3458 310 6 algorithm algorithm NOUN cana-3458 310 7 for for ADP cana-3458 310 8 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 310 9 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 310 10 scheduling scheduling NOUN cana-3458 310 11 using use VERB cana-3458 310 12 simulation simulation NOUN cana-3458 310 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 311 1 european european PROPN cana-3458 311 2 journal journal PROPN cana-3458 311 3 of of ADP cana-3458 311 4 operational operational ADJ cana-3458 311 5 research research NOUN cana-3458 311 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 311 7 177(3 177(3 NUM cana-3458 311 8 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 311 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 311 10 1948–1968 1948–1968 NUM cana-3458 311 11 . . PUNCT cana-3458 312 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 312 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 312 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.12.014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.12.014 NUM cana-3458 312 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 313 1 [ [ X cana-3458 313 2 17 17 NUM cana-3458 313 3 ] ] X cana-3458 313 4 novianingsih novianingsih PROPN cana-3458 313 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 313 6 k. k. PROPN cana-3458 313 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 313 8 & & CCONJ cana-3458 313 9 hadianti hadianti PROPN cana-3458 313 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 313 11 r. r. PROPN cana-3458 313 12 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 313 13 2020 2020 NUM cana-3458 313 14 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 313 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 314 1 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 314 2 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 314 3 characteristics characteristic NOUN cana-3458 314 4 on on ADP cana-3458 314 5 perturbed perturb VERB cana-3458 314 6 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 314 7 routings routing NOUN cana-3458 314 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 315 1 journal journal NOUN cana-3458 315 2 of of ADP cana-3458 315 3 engineering engineering NOUN cana-3458 315 4 science science NOUN cana-3458 315 5 and and CCONJ cana-3458 315 6 technology technology NOUN cana-3458 315 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 315 8 15(5 15(5 NUM cana-3458 315 9 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 315 10 . . PUNCT cana-3458 316 1 communications communication NOUN cana-3458 316 2 on on ADP cana-3458 316 3 applied apply VERB cana-3458 316 4 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ cana-3458 316 5 analysis analysis NOUN cana-3458 316 6 issn issn NOUN cana-3458 316 7 : : PUNCT cana-3458 316 8 1074 1074 NUM cana-3458 316 9 - - PUNCT cana-3458 316 10 133x 133x NUM cana-3458 316 11 vol vol NOUN cana-3458 316 12 32 32 NUM cana-3458 316 13 no no NOUN cana-3458 316 14 . . PUNCT cana-3458 317 1 7s 7 NOUN cana-3458 317 2 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 317 3 2025 2025 NUM cana-3458 317 4 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 317 5 484 484 NUM cana-3458 317 6 https://internationalpubls.com https://internationalpubls.com X cana-3458 318 1 [ [ X cana-3458 318 2 18 18 NUM cana-3458 318 3 ] ] X cana-3458 318 4 novianingsih novianingsih PROPN cana-3458 318 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 318 6 k. k. PROPN cana-3458 318 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 318 8 & & CCONJ cana-3458 318 9 hadianti hadianti PROPN cana-3458 318 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 318 11 r. r. PROPN cana-3458 318 12 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 318 13 2016 2016 NUM cana-3458 318 14 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 318 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 319 1 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 319 2 re re NOUN cana-3458 319 3 - - NOUN cana-3458 319 4 timing time VERB cana-3458 319 5 models model NOUN cana-3458 319 6 to to PART cana-3458 319 7 improve improve VERB cana-3458 319 8 the the DET cana-3458 319 9 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 319 10 of of ADP cana-3458 319 11 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 319 12 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 319 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 320 1 thai thai PROPN cana-3458 320 2 journal journal PROPN cana-3458 320 3 of of ADP cana-3458 320 4 mathematics mathematic NOUN cana-3458 320 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 320 6 49 49 NUM cana-3458 320 7 - - SYM cana-3458 320 8 60 60 NUM cana-3458 320 9 . . PUNCT cana-3458 321 1 [ [ X cana-3458 321 2 19 19 NUM cana-3458 321 3 ] ] X cana-3458 321 4 novianingsih novianingsih PROPN cana-3458 321 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 321 6 k. k. PROPN cana-3458 321 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 321 8 & & CCONJ cana-3458 321 9 hadianti hadianti PROPN cana-3458 321 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 321 11 r. r. PROPN cana-3458 321 12 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 321 13 2014 2014 NUM cana-3458 321 14 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 321 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 322 1 modeling model VERB cana-3458 322 2 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 322 3 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 322 4 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 322 5 distributions distribution NOUN cana-3458 322 6 . . PUNCT cana-3458 323 1 2014 2014 NUM cana-3458 323 2 international international ADJ cana-3458 323 3 conference conference NOUN cana-3458 323 4 on on ADP cana-3458 323 5 computer computer NOUN cana-3458 323 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 323 7 control control NOUN cana-3458 323 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 323 9 informatics informatic NOUN cana-3458 323 10 and and CCONJ cana-3458 323 11 its its PRON cana-3458 323 12 applications application NOUN cana-3458 323 13 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 323 14 ic3ina ic3ina PROPN cana-3458 323 15 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 323 16 . . PUNCT cana-3458 324 1 30 30 NUM cana-3458 324 2 - - SYM cana-3458 324 3 34 34 NUM cana-3458 324 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 325 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 325 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 325 3 10.1109 10.1109 NUM cana-3458 325 4 / / SYM cana-3458 325 5 ic3ina.2014.7042596 ic3ina.2014.7042596 NOUN cana-3458 325 6 . . PUNCT cana-3458 326 1 [ [ X cana-3458 326 2 20 20 NUM cana-3458 326 3 ] ] SYM cana-3458 326 4 rosenberger rosenberger PROPN cana-3458 326 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 326 6 j. j. PROPN cana-3458 326 7 m. m. PROPN cana-3458 326 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 326 9 johnson johnson PROPN cana-3458 326 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 326 11 e. e. PROPN cana-3458 326 12 l. l. PROPN cana-3458 326 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 326 14 & & CCONJ cana-3458 326 15 nemhauser nemhauser PROPN cana-3458 326 16 , , PUNCT cana-3458 326 17 g. g. PROPN cana-3458 326 18 l. l. PROPN cana-3458 326 19 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 326 20 2004 2004 NUM cana-3458 326 21 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 326 22 . . PUNCT cana-3458 327 1 a a DET cana-3458 327 2 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 327 3 fleet fleet NOUN cana-3458 327 4 - - PUNCT cana-3458 327 5 assignment assignment NOUN cana-3458 327 6 model model NOUN cana-3458 327 7 with with ADP cana-3458 327 8 hub hub NOUN cana-3458 327 9 isolation isolation NOUN cana-3458 327 10 and and CCONJ cana-3458 327 11 short short ADJ cana-3458 327 12 cycles cycle NOUN cana-3458 327 13 . . PUNCT cana-3458 328 1 transportation transportation NOUN cana-3458 328 2 science science NOUN cana-3458 328 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 328 4 38(3 38(3 NUM cana-3458 328 5 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 328 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 328 7 357–368 357–368 NUM cana-3458 328 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 329 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 329 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 329 3 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1030.0038 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1030.0038 PROPN cana-3458 329 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 330 1 [ [ X cana-3458 330 2 21 21 NUM cana-3458 330 3 ] ] PUNCT cana-3458 330 4 sanjeevi sanjeevi NOUN cana-3458 330 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 330 6 s. s. PROPN cana-3458 330 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 330 8 & & CCONJ cana-3458 330 9 venkatachalam venkatachalam PROPN cana-3458 330 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 330 11 s. s. PROPN cana-3458 330 12 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 330 13 2021 2021 NUM cana-3458 330 14 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 330 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 331 1 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 331 2 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 331 3 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 331 4 with with ADP cana-3458 331 5 stochastic stochastic ADJ cana-3458 331 6 programming programming NOUN cana-3458 331 7 . . PUNCT cana-3458 332 1 annals annal NOUN cana-3458 332 2 of of ADP cana-3458 332 3 operations operation NOUN cana-3458 332 4 research research NOUN cana-3458 332 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 332 6 305(1 305(1 NUM cana-3458 332 7 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 332 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 332 9 403 403 NUM cana-3458 332 10 - - SYM cana-3458 332 11 421 421 NUM cana-3458 332 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 333 1 [ [ X cana-3458 333 2 22 22 NUM cana-3458 333 3 ] ] PUNCT cana-3458 333 4 schaefer schaefer NOUN cana-3458 333 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 333 6 a. a. PROPN cana-3458 333 7 j. j. PROPN cana-3458 333 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 333 9 johnson johnson PROPN cana-3458 333 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 333 11 e. e. PROPN cana-3458 333 12 l. l. PROPN cana-3458 333 13 , , PUNCT cana-3458 333 14 kleywegt kleywegt PROPN cana-3458 333 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 333 16 a. a. PROPN cana-3458 333 17 j. j. PROPN cana-3458 333 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 333 19 & & CCONJ cana-3458 333 20 nemhauser nemhauser PROPN cana-3458 333 21 , , PUNCT cana-3458 333 22 g. g. PROPN cana-3458 333 23 l. l. PROPN cana-3458 333 24 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 333 25 2005 2005 NUM cana-3458 333 26 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 333 27 . . PUNCT cana-3458 334 1 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 334 2 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 334 3 scheduling schedule VERB cana-3458 334 4 under under ADP cana-3458 334 5 uncertainty uncertainty NOUN cana-3458 334 6 . . PUNCT cana-3458 335 1 transportation transportation NOUN cana-3458 335 2 science science NOUN cana-3458 335 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 335 4 39(3 39(3 NUM cana-3458 335 5 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 335 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 335 7 340–348 340–348 NUM cana-3458 335 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 335 9 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 335 10 : : PUNCT cana-3458 335 11 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1040.0091 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1040.0091 PROPN cana-3458 335 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 336 1 [ [ X cana-3458 336 2 23 23 NUM cana-3458 336 3 ] ] X cana-3458 336 4 shebalov shebalov PROPN cana-3458 336 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 336 6 s. s. PROPN cana-3458 336 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 336 8 & & CCONJ cana-3458 336 9 klabjan klabjan PROPN cana-3458 336 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 336 11 d. d. PROPN cana-3458 336 12 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 336 13 2006 2006 NUM cana-3458 336 14 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 336 15 . . PUNCT cana-3458 337 1 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 337 2 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 337 3 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 337 4 pairing pairing NOUN cana-3458 337 5 : : PUNCT cana-3458 337 6 move move VERB cana-3458 337 7 - - PUNCT cana-3458 337 8 up up ADP cana-3458 337 9 crews crew NOUN cana-3458 337 10 . . PUNCT cana-3458 338 1 transportation transportation NOUN cana-3458 338 2 science science NOUN cana-3458 338 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 338 4 40(3 40(3 NOUN cana-3458 338 5 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 338 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 338 7 300–312 300–312 NUM cana-3458 338 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 339 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 339 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 340 1 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1050.0131 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1050.0131 PROPN cana-3458 340 2 . . PUNCT cana-3458 341 1 [ [ X cana-3458 341 2 24 24 NUM cana-3458 341 3 ] ] PUNCT cana-3458 341 4 teymouri teymouri NOUN cana-3458 341 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 341 6 a. a. NOUN cana-3458 341 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 341 8 sahebi sahebi NOUN cana-3458 341 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 341 10 h. h. PROPN cana-3458 341 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 341 12 & & CCONJ cana-3458 341 13 pishvaee pishvaee PROPN cana-3458 341 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 341 15 m. m. NOUN cana-3458 341 16 s. s. PROPN cana-3458 341 17 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 341 18 2023 2023 NUM cana-3458 341 19 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 341 20 . . PUNCT cana-3458 342 1 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 342 2 operational operational ADJ cana-3458 342 3 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 342 4 - - PUNCT cana-3458 342 5 aircraft aircraft NOUN cana-3458 342 6 planning planning NOUN cana-3458 342 7 considering consider VERB cana-3458 342 8 revenue revenue NOUN cana-3458 342 9 management management NOUN cana-3458 342 10 : : PUNCT cana-3458 342 11 a a DET cana-3458 342 12 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 342 13 optimization optimization NOUN cana-3458 342 14 model model NOUN cana-3458 342 15 under under ADP cana-3458 342 16 disruption disruption NOUN cana-3458 342 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 343 1 international international ADJ cana-3458 343 2 journal journal PROPN cana-3458 343 3 of of ADP cana-3458 343 4 industrial industrial ADJ cana-3458 343 5 engineering engineering NOUN cana-3458 343 6 computations computation NOUN cana-3458 343 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 343 8 14(2 14(2 NUM cana-3458 343 9 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 343 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 343 11 381–402 381–402 NUM cana-3458 343 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 344 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 344 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 344 3 https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijiec.2022.12.003 https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijiec.2022.12.003 PROPN cana-3458 344 4 [ [ X cana-3458 344 5 25 25 NUM cana-3458 344 6 ] ] X cana-3458 344 7 tu tu PROPN cana-3458 344 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 344 9 y. y. PROPN cana-3458 344 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 344 11 ball ball NOUN cana-3458 344 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 344 13 m. m. NOUN cana-3458 344 14 o. o. PROPN cana-3458 344 15 , , PUNCT cana-3458 344 16 & & CCONJ cana-3458 344 17 jank jank PROPN cana-3458 344 18 , , PUNCT cana-3458 344 19 w. w. PROPN cana-3458 344 20 s. s. PROPN cana-3458 344 21 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 344 22 2008 2008 NUM cana-3458 344 23 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 344 24 . . PUNCT cana-3458 345 1 estimating estimate VERB cana-3458 345 2 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 345 3 departure departure NOUN cana-3458 345 4 delay delay NOUN cana-3458 345 5 distributions distribution VERB cana-3458 345 6 a a DET cana-3458 345 7 statistical statistical ADJ cana-3458 345 8 approach approach NOUN cana-3458 345 9 with with ADP cana-3458 345 10 long long ADJ cana-3458 345 11 - - PUNCT cana-3458 345 12 term term NOUN cana-3458 345 13 trend trend NOUN cana-3458 345 14 and and CCONJ cana-3458 345 15 short short ADJ cana-3458 345 16 - - PUNCT cana-3458 345 17 term term NOUN cana-3458 345 18 pattern pattern NOUN cana-3458 345 19 . . PUNCT cana-3458 346 1 journal journal NOUN cana-3458 346 2 of of ADP cana-3458 346 3 the the DET cana-3458 346 4 american american PROPN cana-3458 346 5 statistical statistical PROPN cana-3458 346 6 association association NOUN cana-3458 346 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 346 8 103(481 103(481 NUM cana-3458 346 9 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 346 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 346 11 112–125 112–125 NUM cana-3458 346 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 347 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 347 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 347 3 https://doi.org/10.1198/016214507000000257 https://doi.org/10.1198/016214507000000257 PROPN cana-3458 347 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 348 1 [ [ X cana-3458 348 2 26 26 NUM cana-3458 348 3 ] ] X cana-3458 348 4 wen wen PROPN cana-3458 348 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 348 6 x. x. PROPN cana-3458 348 7 , , PUNCT cana-3458 348 8 ma ma PROPN cana-3458 348 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 348 10 h. h. PROPN cana-3458 348 11 l. l. PROPN cana-3458 348 12 , , PUNCT cana-3458 348 13 chung chung PROPN cana-3458 348 14 , , PUNCT cana-3458 348 15 s. s. PROPN cana-3458 348 16 h. h. PROPN cana-3458 348 17 , , PUNCT cana-3458 348 18 & & CCONJ cana-3458 348 19 khan khan PROPN cana-3458 348 20 , , PUNCT cana-3458 348 21 w. w. PROPN cana-3458 348 22 a. a. PROPN cana-3458 348 23 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 348 24 2020 2020 NUM cana-3458 348 25 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 348 26 . . PUNCT cana-3458 349 1 robust robust ADJ cana-3458 349 2 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 349 3 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 349 4 scheduling scheduling NOUN cana-3458 349 5 with with ADP cana-3458 349 6 flight flight NOUN cana-3458 349 7 flying flying NOUN cana-3458 349 8 time time NOUN cana-3458 349 9 variability variability NOUN cana-3458 349 10 . . PUNCT cana-3458 350 1 transportation transportation NOUN cana-3458 350 2 research research NOUN cana-3458 350 3 part part NOUN cana-3458 350 4 e e NOUN cana-3458 350 5 : : PUNCT cana-3458 350 6 logistics logistic NOUN cana-3458 350 7 and and CCONJ cana-3458 350 8 transportation transportation NOUN cana-3458 350 9 review review NOUN cana-3458 350 10 , , PUNCT cana-3458 350 11 144 144 NUM cana-3458 350 12 . . PUNCT cana-3458 351 1 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 351 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 351 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.102132 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.102132 X cana-3458 351 4 . . PUNCT cana-3458 352 1 [ [ X cana-3458 352 2 27 27 NUM cana-3458 352 3 ] ] SYM cana-3458 352 4 wu wu PROPN cana-3458 352 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 352 6 c. c. PROPN cana-3458 352 7 l. l. PROPN cana-3458 352 8 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 352 9 2005 2005 NUM cana-3458 352 10 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 352 11 . . PUNCT cana-3458 353 1 inherent inherent ADJ cana-3458 353 2 delays delay NOUN cana-3458 353 3 and and CCONJ cana-3458 353 4 operational operational ADJ cana-3458 353 5 reliability reliability NOUN cana-3458 353 6 of of ADP cana-3458 353 7 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 353 8 schedules schedule NOUN cana-3458 353 9 . . PUNCT cana-3458 354 1 journal journal NOUN cana-3458 354 2 of of ADP cana-3458 354 3 air air PROPN cana-3458 354 4 transport transport PROPN cana-3458 354 5 management management NOUN cana-3458 354 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 354 7 11(4 11(4 NUM cana-3458 354 8 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 354 9 , , PUNCT cana-3458 355 1 273–282 273–282 PROPN cana-3458 355 2 . . PUNCT cana-3458 355 3 doi doi NOUN cana-3458 355 4 : : PUNCT cana-3458 355 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2005.01.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2005.01.005 NOUN cana-3458 355 6 . . PUNCT cana-3458 356 1 [ [ X cana-3458 356 2 28 28 NUM cana-3458 356 3 ] ] X cana-3458 356 4 ageeva ageeva PROPN cana-3458 356 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 356 6 y. y. PROPN cana-3458 356 7 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 356 8 2000 2000 NUM cana-3458 356 9 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 356 10 . . PUNCT cana-3458 357 1 approaches approach NOUN cana-3458 357 2 to to ADP cana-3458 357 3 incorporating incorporate VERB cana-3458 357 4 robustness robustness NOUN cana-3458 357 5 into into ADP cana-3458 357 6 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 357 7 scheduling scheduling NOUN cana-3458 357 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 358 1 doctoral doctoral ADJ cana-3458 358 2 dissertation dissertation NOUN cana-3458 358 3 . . PUNCT cana-3458 359 1 massachusetts massachusetts PROPN cana-3458 359 2 institute institute PROPN cana-3458 359 3 of of ADP cana-3458 359 4 technology technology PROPN cana-3458 359 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 359 6 usa usa PROPN cana-3458 359 7 . . PUNCT cana-3458 360 1 [ [ X cana-3458 360 2 29 29 NUM cana-3458 360 3 ] ] SYM cana-3458 360 4 yen yen NOUN cana-3458 360 5 , , PUNCT cana-3458 360 6 j. j. PROPN cana-3458 360 7 w. w. PROPN cana-3458 360 8 , , PUNCT cana-3458 360 9 & & CCONJ cana-3458 360 10 birge birge PROPN cana-3458 360 11 , , PUNCT cana-3458 360 12 j. j. PROPN cana-3458 360 13 r. r. PROPN cana-3458 360 14 ( ( PUNCT cana-3458 360 15 2006 2006 NUM cana-3458 360 16 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 360 17 . . PUNCT cana-3458 361 1 a a DET cana-3458 361 2 stochastic stochastic ADJ cana-3458 361 3 programming programming NOUN cana-3458 361 4 approach approach NOUN cana-3458 361 5 to to ADP cana-3458 361 6 the the DET cana-3458 361 7 airline airline NOUN cana-3458 361 8 crew crew NOUN cana-3458 361 9 scheduling scheduling NOUN cana-3458 361 10 problem problem NOUN cana-3458 361 11 . . PUNCT cana-3458 362 1 transportation transportation NOUN cana-3458 362 2 science science NOUN cana-3458 362 3 , , PUNCT cana-3458 362 4 40(1 40(1 NOUN cana-3458 362 5 ) ) PUNCT cana-3458 362 6 , , PUNCT cana-3458 362 7 3–14 3–14 PROPN cana-3458 362 8 . . PUNCT cana-3458 363 1 doi doi PROPN cana-3458 363 2 : : PUNCT cana-3458 363 3 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1050.0138 https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1050.0138 PROPN cana-3458 363 4 . . PUNCT