Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis ISSN: 1074-133X Vol 32 No. ICMASD (2025) 675 https://internationalpubls.com A Comparative Analysis of Physiological and Physical Fitness Variables among Intercolligiate Volleyball Players of Jammu Region Malook Singh1, Buneet Singh1 1 Department of Physical Education, Ct University Ludhiana, India Article History: Received: 12-12-2024 Revised: 25-01-2025 Accepted: 05-02-2025 Abstract: The present study aims to investigate the comparative analysis of physiological and physical fitness variables between urban and rural intercollegiate volleyball players of Jammu region. A total (N=100) intercollegiate volleyball male players, 50 from urban areas and 50 from rural areas were selected. The variables selected for the present study were Physiological Variables contain BMI and Resting Heart Rate whereas Physical fitness variables contain Muscular Strength and Explosive Strength. For comparing physiological and physical fitness variables between rural and urban intercollegiate volleyball players, descriptive Statistics and independent't' test were applied at 0.05 level of significance. The finding reveals no significant difference in both physiological and physical fitness variables between urban and rural intercollegiate volleyball players of Jammu region. These results suggest that the Physiological and Physical variables are relatively similar. The findings led to the conclusion that a few other factors, such as the small sample size and the individuals' insincere responses, might be to blame for the outcomes. Keywords: Muscular Strength, Explosive Strength, BMI, Resting Heart Rate. 1. Introduction: Volleyball is a dynamic and competitive sport that requires physical fitness, physiological efficiency, and skill expertise. A variety of physiological characteristics influence player performance, including cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and anaerobic capability, as well as physical fitness components like as agility, speed, and balance. Understanding these characteristics is critical for improving player performance, developing tailored training programs, and assuring the best competitive outcomes. Intercollegiate volleyball players frequently come from varied backgrounds, with varying training regimes, physical characteristics, and environmental situations. The Jammu region, with its distinct geographical and cultural traits, provides an ideal site for studying the interactions of these factors. Comparative studies of physiological and physical fitness factors among athletes can reveal information about their readiness, highlight strengths and weaknesses, and identify opportunities for improvement. This study focuses on a comparative comparison of physiological and physical fitness characteristics among intercollegiate volleyball players from the Jammu region. By investigating these variables, the study hopes to add to the corpus of knowledge in sports science, assist coaches in establishing individualized training programs, and build a better understanding of the fitness profiles Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis ISSN: 1074-133X Vol 32 No. ICMASD (2025) 676 https://internationalpubls.com required to excel in volleyball. The study's findings will also be useful for future studies in sports physiology and fitness evaluation. 2. Literature Review Priti D. Khode & Dr. Ajit Bhise. (2024) The primary aim of the present study was to compare Physical Fitness Variables between Lifters and Attackers of Volleyball Players. A total of 200 male Volleyball Players were selected from Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati by simple random sampling. The sample consisted of 100 Attackers and 100 Lifter male Volleyball Players. The data was computed and analyzed using descriptive statistics and 't' t-test in order to compare the significant difference between Lifter and Attackers of volleyball Players, the level of significance was set at 0.05 level. The result indicated that there were partially insignificant differences between Lifters and Attackers of volleyball Players. Tiwari L. (2024) The purpose of the study was to compare the physical & physiological variables among the Inter District & Inter-State Levels of Basketball players. Sixty (60) Male basketball players (30 inter-district and 30 interstate) were randomly selected from Uttar Pradesh as a subjects. The ages of the subjects were ranged from 17-28 years. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant difference in the physical fitness variables and physiological variables among the Indian basketball players of different levels of competition. The physical variables chosen were speed, endurance, and power which were measured by 50m dash(sec), 2.4km. run(min.) and sergeant jump. The physiological variables were resting heart rate measured by manual methods and vital capacity which is measured by a dry spirometer. The data collected on the different levels of basketball players were analyzed by independent "t" test. The level of significance for testing the hypothesis was set at 0.05 level of confidence. It was found that the interstate-level players were better than inter-district players with respect to speed, power, and endurance. In terms of physiological variables namely RHR and vital capacity both the groups did not differ significantly. Singh, B. (2024) in the present study, planned to scrutinize the difference between abdominal muscular endurance among school boys of Uttarakhand. The subjects for this study were from the state of Uttarakhand. The simple random sampling was used in the study. A total number of two thousand (2000) subjects were selected from the rural and urban parts of Uttarakhand. Moreover, subjects were also selected from different private and government schools in Uttarakhand. All subjects were between the age group of 13-17 years. To check the abdominal muscular endurance of subjects the sit-up test was used by the researcher. After the collection of relevant data; to investigate the significant difference between abdominal muscular endurance among school children of Uttarakhand, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. The level of significance was set at 0.05 percent (p<0.5). After the analysis, the results show that the government rural school boys had better abdominal muscular endurance as compared to the private rural school boys. The result shows that the government rural school boys had better abdominal muscular endurance as compared to the government urban school boys. Further, the results show that the government rural school boys had better abdominal muscular endurance as compared to the private urban school boys. Devi and Chaudhari (2022) This research study has been conducted on adolescent players with an aim to find out the difference between Volleyball (n=300) and Basketball (n=300) players of district Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis ISSN: 1074-133X Vol 32 No. ICMASD (2025) 677 https://internationalpubls.com Kangra. The sample for the present study was taken from schools of district Kangra. Each player was tested for physical fitness variables i.e. arm and shoulder length, abdominal strength, agility, explosive, strength, speed, and endurance between rural and urban adolescent players. To analyze the difference in physical fitness variables between two groups of volleyball and Basketball players was determined thought test and to know the difference within the groups of rural and urban players ANOVA was applied. From the findings, it has been found that there existed no significant difference in the above-given physical fitness variables between Volleyball and Basketball players belonging to the Kangra district but a significant difference was observed within the groups of rural and urban volleyball and basketball adolescent players. Singh, N. (2022) The objective of the study was to find the differences in selected physical fitness components between Volleyball and Football players aged 16-18 years. The subjects of this study were boys 16-18 years of age selected from the four districts of Punjab viz. Amritsar, Tarn Taran, Gurdaspur, and Pathankot. The subjects were 150 Volleyball players and 150 Football players. The purposive sampling method was used to select the sample. They were tested for their physical fitness components and comparisons were made. The physical fitness components were explosive power, speed, muscular endurance, balance, and flexibility. Independent t-test revealed that there was a significant difference between Football players and Volleyball players on the variable explosive power and speed. The study concluded that Volleyball players had better explosive power whereas Football players had better speed. Parry, I. (2017) The purpose of the present study was to find out the significant difference in selected anthropometric, physical, and physiological variables between volleyball and basketball players. To achieve the purpose of the study, fifteen (15) male volleyball and fifteen (15) male basketball players were randomly selected from the Dept of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu. The age of the selected subjects ranged from 19 to 25 years. The selected subjects were tested on selected criterion variables such as Arm length, Leg length, Speed, Agility, and Resting pulse rate. The collected data were statistically analyzed between volleyball and basketball players by using ANCOVA (Mean, Standard deviation, and t-test). The level of significance was fixed at 0.05 in all cases. The result of the present study pointed out that there was a significant difference in speed, agility, arm length, leg length, and resting pulse rate among male volleyball and basketball players. It was also conducted that the anthropometric, physical, and physiological test is one of the best methods for improving the ability of game performance as well as fitness for the young generation. Dr.K.M.Valsaraj. (2013) The purpose of the present study is to find out the relationship between motor fitness components and the body mass index of Uttarakhand boys. A total of 200 subjects (100 rural and 100 urban) belonging to high-altitude areas in Uttarakhand state were selected by using systematic random sampling. The age of the boys ranged between 14-15yrs. The data was collected by administering the test in their schools in their free time. Keeping the feasibility in mind, Explosive Strength, Muscular Endurance, Cardio Vascular Endurance, Muscular Power, Speed, Agility, Reaction time, and Flexibility were selected as motor fitness components and B.M.I. was calculated by using their body weight and standing height. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's product-moment Correlation were used for statistical treatment. The level of significance was set at 0.05 levels. The Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis ISSN: 1074-133X Vol 32 No. ICMASD (2025) 678 https://internationalpubls.com results of the study showed that there is no significant relationship between selected motor fitness variables and the Body Mass Index of boys of urban and rural society in high-altitude areas of Uttarakhand state. 3. Methodology 3.1 Research Design This is a survey study under Descriptive Research. 3.2 Selection of the Subjects A total of 100 intercollegiate volleyball players and the age range of 18-25 years will be taken as subjects from the Jammu region. The Jammu region will be divided into urban (50) and rural areas (50). By using convenience sampling, 5 colleges from rural and 5 colleges from urban areas will be selected and 10 intercollegiate volleyball players will be selected purposively from each college. 3.3 Selection of the variables The physical fitness variables i.e. Muscular Strength and Explosive Strength and physiological variables contain BMI and resting heart rate were chosen for the study. 3.4 Statistical Analysis To assess the selected data of physiological and physical fitness components of intercollegiate level players of volleyball will be compared and analyzed by using, an independent t-test with the help of SPSS software to test the significance of the results. The level of significance was kept at 0.05 to test the hypothesis. 4. Other Sections S.No. Tools / Test Variables Equipments Scoring 1 One min. Sit ups Muscular Strength Mat or flat sur- face No. of repeti-tions 2 Standing Broad Jump Explosive Strength Paper, pencil Distance 3 Stethoscopes Heart rate Stopwatch and scoring sheet Beats in min. 4 Body Mass Index(BMI) To measure the body fatness BMI calculator Acc. To norms 5. Results and Discussion Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis ISSN: 1074-133X Vol 32 No. ICMASD (2025) 679 https://internationalpubls.com To accomplish the purpose of study data collected was analyzed with statistical technique and results are presented in below tables. Table:1 Summary of t-test results comparing muscular strength among urban(50) and rural(50) intercollegiate male volleyball players of Jammu region. Muscular Strength Urban Rural Mean 33.78 34.08 Stand. Dev. 9.28 7.02 SEM 1.31 0.99 n 50 50 t 0.182 d.o.f 98 critical value 1.984 The computed ‘t’ value is less than the critical value (0.182<1.984). There is insignificant difference in the muscular strength among urban (mean=33.78) and rural (mean=34.08) intercollegiate male volleyball players of Jammu region. Table:2 Summary of t-test results comparing explosive strength among urban(50) and rural(50) intercollegiate male volleyball players of Jammu region. Explosive Strength Urban Rural Mean 2.266 2.264 Stand. Dev. 0.171 0.182 SEM 0.024 0.025 n 50 50 t 0.067 d.o.f 98 critical value 1.984 The computed ‘t’ value is less than the critical value (0.067<1.984). There is insignificant difference in the explosive strength among urban (mean=2.266) and rural (mean=2.264) intercollegiate male volleyball players of Jammu region. Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis ISSN: 1074-133X Vol 32 No. ICMASD (2025) 680 https://internationalpubls.com Table:3 Summary of t-test results comparing heart rate among urban(50) and rural(50) intercollegiate male volleyball players of Jammu region. Heart Rate Urban Rural Mean 87.16 88.84 Stand. Dev. 13.68 14.73 SEM 1.93 2.08 n 50 50 t 0.112 d.o.f 98 critical value 1.984 The computed ‘t’ value is less than the critical value (0.112<1.984). There is insignificant difference in the heart rate among urban (mean=87.16) and rural (mean=88.84) intercollegiate male volleyball players of Jammu region. Table:4 Summary of t-test results comparing body mass index among urban(50) and rural(50) intercollegiate male volleyball players of Jammu region. Body Mass Index(BMI) Urban Rural Mean 20.67 20.28 Stand. Dev. 2.34 1.71 SEM 0.33 0.24 n 50 50 t 0.944 d.o.f 98 critical value 1.984 The computed ‘t’ value is less than the critical value (0.944<1.984). There is insignificant difference in the body mass index (BMI) among urban (mean=20.67) and rural (mean=20.28) intercollegiate male volleyball players of Jammu region. m Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis ISSN: 1074-133X Vol 32 No. ICMASD (2025) 681 https://internationalpubls.com Fig:1 Graphical illustration comparing muscular strength urban(n=50) and rural(n=50) intercollegiate male volleyball players of Jammu region(n=100) concerning mean, standard error of mean and standard deviation. Mean Stand. Dev. S.E.M Urban 33.78 9.28 1.31 Rural 34.08 7.02 0.99 Fig:2 Graphical illustration comparing explosive strength urban(n=50) and rural(n=50) intercollegiate male volleyball players of Jammu region(n=100) concerning mean, standard error of mean and standard deviation. Mean Stand. Dev. S.E.M Urban 2.266 0.171 0.024 Rural 2.264 0.182 0.025 Fig:3 Graphical illustration comparing heart rate urban(n=50) and rural(n=50) intercollegiate male volleyball players of Jammu region(n=100) concerning mean, standard error of mean and standard deviation. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Mean Stand. Dev. S.E.M Muscular Strength Urban Rural 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Mean Stand. Dev. S.E.M Explosive Strength Urban Rural Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis ISSN: 1074-133X Vol 32 No. ICMASD (2025) 682 https://internationalpubls.com Mean Stand. Dev. S.E.M Urban 87.16 13.68 1.93 Rural 88.84 14.73 2.08 Fig:4 Graphical illustration comparing body mass index urban(n=50) and rural(n=50) intercollegiate male volleyball players of Jammu region(n=100) concerning mean, standard error of mean and standard deviation. Mean Stand. Dev. S.E.M Urban 20.67 2.34 0.33 Rural 20.28 1.71 0.24 5.1 Discussion 0 20 40 60 80 100 Mean Stand. Dev S.E.M Heart Rate Urban Rural 0 5 10 15 20 25 Mean S.D S.E.M Body Mass Index Urban Rural Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis ISSN: 1074-133X Vol 32 No. ICMASD (2025) 683 https://internationalpubls.com The study aimed to compare physiological and physical fitness variables among intercollegiate volleyball players. The findings revealed no significant differences across all measured variables. This suggests that players from different teams may undergo similar training regimens, resulting in comparable fitness levels and physiological adaptations. Furthermore, environmental and contextual factors, such as match schedules, recovery periods, and nutritional practices, could have influenced the results. These factors were beyond the scope of the current study but merit consideration in future research to provide a more comprehensive understanding of performance variability. 6. Conclusion Within the limitation of the study and procedure following conclusion were arrived at: There was insignificant difference between urban and rural intercollegiate volleyball players in physical variables i.e. muscular strength and explosive strength. There was insignificant difference between urban and rural intercollegiate volleyball players in physiological variables i.e. Heart rate and body mass index. Future research should consider incorporating additional variables, such as dietary habits, recovery protocols, and psychological factors, to better understand their influence on physiological and physical fitness outcomes. References: [1] Priti D. Khode & Dr. Ajit Bhise. (2024). COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICAL FIT VARIABLES BETWEEN LIFTER AND ATTACKERS OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYER Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language (Vol. 12, Number 61, p 196). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10700123 [2] Tiwari, L. (2024). 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