consilience: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called consilience.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Consilience; Climate; Change; Energy; World; Countries; Government; Sustainability; Water; Use; Health; Community; Land; Management; Environmental; Growth; Carbon; State; People; Food; Communities; Women; System; Education; Nigeria; Human; Conservation; Data; Oil; Resources; Species; Risk; Poverty; Project; Services; Discourse; Respondents; Editor; Effect; Percent; Temperature; Male; Pandemic; Leadership; Diet; Articles; Mining; Afghanistan; Xix; Batkhishig

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Beyond Income and Education: Unveiling the True Catalysts of Green Behavior in Pakistan and South Asia: A Demand-Side Analysis by Zulfiqar, Fasih (2025) - The paper shows Pakistan’s education system does not instill environmental values in people like other South Asian systems. Keywords: Green alternatives Pakistan, Sustainable practices adoption, Gender sustainability gap, South Asian sustainability, Sociodemographic factors, Environmental values Consilience Zulfiqar: Keywords: alternatives; asia; consilience; education; environment; global; income; pakistan; people; south; sustainability; values; variables
• A User-Centered Account of Urban Energy Transitions in Kampala, Uganda by Kersey, Jessica (2025) - This essay contributes to a growing body of research that aims to center users within discussions of urban energy transitions and sustainable development broadly. The conventional model of urban energy transitions holds that people transition to cleaner fuel sources (especially electricity) over time as their incomes increase and as these sources become more available and affordable (Price, 2021). Keywords: access; charcoal; communities; consilience; electricity; energy; kampala; kersey; photo; uganda; urban; user
• Note from the Editor-in-Chief by Benesch, Ambria (2019) - Please enjoy Volume XXI, with articles and ideas both old and new. We believe that Consilience has always pushed the boundaries of sustainable development, and this section of highlighted articles embodies that fully. Keywords: consilience; volume
• Energy Sustainability and Pope Francis’ Encyclical on Care for our Common Home: National Policies and Corporations as Change Agents by Arogyaswamy, Bernard (2017) - In fact, recent reports suggest that despite a brief dip in carbon emissions in 2009, carbon pumped into the atmosphere exceeded 40 gigatonnes in 2013 with CO2 added at a rate of almost 2ppm per year (Plait, 2014), a tonnage and rate which makes a damaging temperature increase of over two degrees Celsius all but inevitable (Harvey, 2011). However, the tax only kicks in when a preset limit on carbon emission (which differs by industry and type of firm) has been reached. Keywords: arogyaswamy; carbon; change; china; climate; consilience; countries; emissions; encyclical; energy; firms; growth; laudato; nations; new; pope; power; sustainability; united; world
• Towards A Circular Energy Economy: Cross-Sector Successes in Brazil and India by Brown, Hillary (2018) - By cascading (passing along) waste energy and processing waste nutrients for reuse in the cycle, such a closed-loop, complex system reduces new resource inputs while eliminating waste, pollution, and emission outputs.1 Optimized by design this way, a human-engineered system of goods and services may be considered restorative or regenerative. Governments at all levels are often most able to create progressive policies which coordinate the many entities involved in creating circular energy systems. Keywords: belo; biogas; brazil; brown; consilience; development; economy; electricity; energy; india; infrastructural; july; new; omc; plant; power; production; solar; waste; water
• Stepping Sustainably: The Potential Partnership Between Dance and Sustainable Development by Mosko, Sadi (2018) - Vertigo Dance Company Vertigo, an Israeli contemporary dance company, incorporates both the operations and artistic approaches of dance sustainability into its work.3 Based in the Eco-Arts Village built by artistic directors Noa Wertheim and Adi Sha’al, Vertigo is known for its social and environmental activism (“Biographies,” n.d.). As explained in the Arts Council’s 2015 environmental report, Sustaining Great Art, the program “was designed to do what the talks had failed to achieve: to activate and inspire the arts community to make environmental sustainability a major priority” (Julie’s Bicycle, 2015). Keywords: arts; beauchesne; carbon; climate; company; consilience; council; dance; development; eiko; england; environmental; kidd; koma; new; organizations; pivot; river; sustainability; work
• Evaluation of WASH Implementation in Nama Sub-County by Fernandes, Caroline; Flores, Claudia; Montalbano, Gabrielle; Sekhon, Harveen; Pierce, Dr. Gregory (2017) - Figure 2: Time to Walk to Water Source in Control and WASH villages Figure 2 shows the average time to walk to the water source in WASH villages (12 minutes) and in Control Villages (17 minutes). The blue bars represent the weighted averages of Yes replies from the eight WASH villages. Keywords: consilience; control; control villages; handwashing; latrine; sanitation; source; user; villages; wash; wash villages; water
• A New Deal for Refugees: How Land Restoration and Infrastructure Modernization Can Help Solve the Refugee Crisis by Goldman, Jonas Philip (2017) - Economically, it makes sense to offer refugees work in areas in need of labor. Future avenues of research could consist of analyzing the feasibility of other forms of refugee work relief that address sustainability issues. Keywords: agriculture; areas; carbon; ccc; commission; consilience; deal; energy; european; infrastructure; land; paper; program; refugees; tree; work
• Environmental Management System for Nigeria’s Higher Education: Two-Year Pilot Analysis by Iyalomhe, Felix O; Cirella, Giuseppe T; Russo, Alessio; Jensen, Anne; Idogho, Philipa (2017) - Key disciplines taught include engineering, sciences, environmental management and art and design. This campus plan was not specific to environmental management; however, it did include aspects that relate to transportation and environmental planning and, if desired, could be upgraded to current standards (S. Jimoh, personal communication, 22 September 2015). Keywords: auchi; awareness; consilience; drivers; education; ems; environment; implementation; lack; management; nigeria; polytechnic; staff; table; universities; university
• Testing the Global Community’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Against Professional Standards and International Law by Lempert, David (2017) - While there are several SDG goals for “sustainable use” of resources, there are few goals focusing on pollution/toxins and the major concerns of the “brown environment”. 1 point, given the benefit of the doubt of SDG’s calling for social investments such as SDG 4 (Quality Education) and concerns for health in SDGs 3 and 6. Keywords: agenda; approach; community; consilience; consumption; countries; cultures; development; development goals; elements; french; global; goals; growth; human; international; law; lempert; mdgs; measures; new; points; poverty; rights; sdgs; sustainability; term; treaties; u.n; world
• Bringing Earthbags to the People – A New, Democratic Approach to Sustainable Building by Zemskova, Kateryna; Belofsky, Nathan (2018) - For decades, official hostility to Earthbag technology has led to the rejection of building licenses and permits, resulting in a dearth of Earthbag structures worldwide. PP bags have a tensile strength higher than steel • Reinforcements: In Nepal and other regions with high seismic activity vertical rebars, buttresses and corner reinforcements are added to increase strength Outside of Nepal, Earthbag buildings have weathered all sorts of trauma, surviving various natural disasters that doomed structures built of brick, cement, wood, and other conventional materials. Keywords: building; cement; consilience; construction; earth nepal; earthbag; earthbag building; earthbag technology; earthquake; figure; good; materials; nepal; structures; technology; training
• Accelerating Geothermal Development in Indonesia: A Case Study in the Underutilization of Geothermal Energy by Fan, Kevin; Greco, Jamie (2018) - However, significant roadblocks impede geothermal development in Indonesia, primarily in the geoscientific, financial, and political spheres. Financial issues also deter investment in geothermal development by private companies due to the high up-front cost of preliminary resource exploration. Keywords: change; climate; consilience; country; data; development; electricity; energy; exploration; flow; geothermal; government; heat; indonesia; law; ministry; new; power; resources; world
• Planning for Climate Resilient Barangays in the Philippines: The Case of Barangay Tumana in Marikina City, Metro Manila by Espina, Nicasio B (2018) - Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development Vol. 19, Iss. 1 (2018), Pp. 130–162 Planning for Climate Resilient Barangays in the Philippines: The Case of Barangay Tumana in Marikina City, Metro Manila Nicasio B. Espina, Jr* Mr. Nick Espina is an Architect, Urban Planner and a Senior Lecturer from the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU) Faculty of Management and Development Studies and the University of the Philippines – Diliman (UPD) School of Urban and Regional Planning. This paper presents the case of Barangay Tumana in Marikina City, Philippines, the second most populated barangay in the city and the most devastated when Typhoon Ondoy (international name: Ketsana) hit the country in 2009. Keywords: barangay; capacity; change; city; climate; consilience; espina; high; marikina; population; resilience; risk; tumana
• Building Trust and Collaborating with Others: Challenges For A Sustainable Peace in Caquetá, Colombia by Fontecha-Tirado, Maria M (2018) - Its mission is to build new skills and share knowledge within local communities in order to strengthen governance and participation. Implementation requires unprecedented levels of participation and consultation with local communities, as decisions over economic, environmental, and social development will have to originate from the bottom up. Keywords: acción; agreement; building; capacity; caquetá; colombia; communities; community; conflict; consilience; development; farc; fondo; participants; peace; program
• Mapping the ‘Anthropocentric-Ecocentric’ Dualism in the History of American Presidency: the Good, the Bad, and the Ambivalent by El-Kamel Bakari, Mohamed (2017) - Describing the side effects of the Reaganomics’ wave of deregulation, Michael E. Kraft and Norman J. Vig wrote: Budget cuts and loss of capacity in environmental institutions took a serious toll during the 1980s, […] the determined efforts of a popular president (namely Ronald Reagan) could not halt the advance of environmental policy. Further unveiling Obama’s ‘anthropocentrism’ was his huge focus on economic and national security benefits as independent benefits, instead of as associated with environmental policies, when using the presidential bully pulpit. Keywords: administration; american; anthropocentrism; concept; conservation; consilience; development; ecocentrism; environmental; growth; human; nature; new; obama; policies; president; press; reagan; roosevelt; sustainability; theodore
• Carbon Accounting in Local-Scale Land Use and Land Cover Change by Goh, Jia Chen Judy (2017) - The relationship between carbon ecosystem services and LULCC at the local scale has been understudied due to complex urban dynamics; ‘urbanisation’ in the literature is defined as an expansion of both urban populations and areas (Heilig, 2012). N um be r o f T re es Tree Species Number of Trees Carbon Consilience Goh: Carbon Accounting and LULCC Discussion Baseline values on carbon ecosystem services The modelled results from i-Tree Eco on Punggol Forest’s structure, composition and carbon services are specific to this case study and thus must not be extrapolated to characterize deforestation in Singapore in other historical and spatial contexts. Keywords: carbon; change; consilience; cover; eco; ecosystem; forest; land; lulcc; punggol; sequestration; services; species; tree; urban
• Emerging Technology in Urban Areas of Developing Countries for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment and Reuse by Jhansi, Dr. Seetharam Chittoor; Mishra, Dr. Santosh Kumar (2013) - This paper will discuss sustainable wastewater treatment systems including: a) Lagoons/wetlands, b) USAB (anaerobic digesters), and c) SAT technologies. Urban wastewater treatment has received less attention compared to ‘water supply & treatment.’ Keywords: areas; consilience; countries; groundwater; management; population; processes; reuse; sanitation; systems; technology; treatment; wastewater; wastewater treatment
• Vulnerability and Climate Change Induced Human Displacement by Jayawardhan, Shweta (2017) - Furthermore, some scholars suggest that climate change can exacerbate pre-existing violence and tensions in climate vulnerable countries because it puts a strain on resources. A significant consequence of the effects of climate change is human displacement due to climate effects such as hurricanes, sea level rise, and drought. Keywords: adaptation; bangladesh; climate change; consilience; countries; cyclone; displacement; drought; edps; environmental; human; hurricane; international; katrina; law; migration; new; people; population; protection; u.s; vulnerability
• Wild Bees in the City: Reimagining Urban Spaces for Pollinator Health by Burr, Andrea (2016) - Ecology of urban bees: a review of current knowledge and directions for future study. Examples of native planting spaces to support pollinator health in St. Louis urban community gardens. Keywords: bee; bees; city; community; conservation; consilience; health; land; louis; native; research; spaces; urban; use
• Business and Society: Determinants and Experiences of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Zimbabwean Extractive Industries from 2000-2015 by Mathende, Takudzwa Leonard; Nhapi, Tatenda Goodman (2017) - Firstly, CSR literature development has been well advanced in Global North (Weber 2001: 251). It will further examine at least two communities in which each sector/company is implementing CSR programs. Keywords: africa; business; chiadzwa; communities; community; companies; company; consilience; country; csr; development; environmental; government; mining; poverty; responsibility; sector; social; zimbabwe
• A Critique on Current Paradigms of Economic ‘Growth’ and ‘Development’ in the Context of Environment and Sustainability Issues by Roy, Sayan (2016) - Unfortunately, or rather predictably, this has not been the case with many nations who have instituted economic reforms focused on industrial and manufacturing based economic growth over the past two-three decades. It also attempts to understand and analyse the performance of the economic tools and frameworks that are implemented to steer the nation towards economic growth. Keywords: capital; climate; consilience; development; economy; growth; india; institutions; issues; market; nations; paper; state
• Sustaining Investment in Innovation in Oil Rich Gulf Countries Amidst Falling Oil Prices by Al-Sabah, Meshaal Jaber Al-Ahmad; Palliam, Ralph (2017) - An investment in market-driven innovation and sustainable development innovation should ideally consider the exogenous future generation’s economic, social and environmental pressures. The first issue, product innovation, involves a good or service that is new or significantly improved. Keywords: capita; consilience; countries; curse; development; economic; economy; gdp; governance; government; growth; gulf; innovation; investment; oil; resource
• Doing Better Than Divestment by Evans, Will (2015) - The rest of this paper argues why student divestment campaigns should recontextualize their arguments as part of a broader conversation on SRI. The movement has since galvanized campus support around the objective of convincing colleges and universities to cleanse their endowments of fossil fuel investments. Keywords: campaign; change; climate; coal; consilience; divestment; energy; evans; fossil; fuel; industry; reinvestment; september; students; u.va; university
• The Need for a New, Clear Option: An In-Depth Analysis of Nuclear Energy by Davis, Zachary Evan (2015) - In addition, growing concerns over contaminated wildlife caught along the American west coast and rising rates of thyroid cancer on both sides of the Pacific Ocean have led to an increased global awareness of the effects that nuclear power plants can have on regions remote from them. The construction costs associated with nuclear power plants increased worldwide after the Fukushima accident, driven by the public’s demand for additional safety measures (Hayashi and Hughes, 2013). Keywords: adoption; area; benefits; consilience; costs; davis; electricity; energy; fukushima; industry; japan; need; nuclear; option; plant; power; production; public; world; years
• The Girl Effect: A Neoliberal Instrumentalization of Gender Equality by Ging-Dwan Boyd, Ginger (2016) - 15 The Economic Opportunities and Obstacles for Women and Girls in Northern Nigeria report (Taylor et al. 2014) was meant to provide an “evidence base on economic participation of women and adolescent girls in Northern Nigeria including an analysis of the socio cultural and economic constraints adolescent girls face and an understanding of how these shape and constrain the livelihood and economic opportunities of adolescent girls” (2014 ,10) Commissioned by DFID, it aimed to “…use the research to inform and to complement the gender analysis and pilot interventions being undertaken elsewhere in DFID Northern Nigeria, especially in relation to programmes such as the Growth and Employment in States (GEMS) Programme and PropCom Mai-karfi, a rural market development programme focused on northern Nigeria, and upcoming income generation projects. Adolescent girls economic opportunities study in Rwanda (Calder et al. 2013), Economic Opportunities and Obstacles for Women and Girls in Northern Nigeria (Taylor et al. 2014) and Girls and Income Growth in Ethiopia (Gable 2013) 13 illuminate the broader enabling environment. Keywords: april; bank; capital; consilience; development; economic; education; effect; employment; empowerment; equality; ethiopia; foundation; gender; gender equality; girl; girl effect; girl hub; global; growth; hub; human; international; market; nike; opportunities; poverty; report; rwanda; women; world
• A Means to Alleviate the Bushmeat Crisis? The Feasibility of Establishing Sustainable Grasscutter Farms in Kenya by Menz, Alyssa (2015) - I performed an extensive literature review and consulted with grasscutter and sustainable livestock farm experts located in sub-Saharan Africa to determine physical and socio-political geographic factors most likely to constrain the development of sustainable grasscutter farms in Kenya, before using ArcGIS to map these criteria and a weighted overlay analysis to identify potentially favorable locations for establishing future farms. Before sustainable grasscutter farms can be implemented in Kenya, however, a strategic analysis of the efficacy of such a project is required. Keywords: africa; areas; bushmeat; consilience; crisis; data; et al; farms; figure; food; grasscutter; grasscutter farms; kenya; livestock; locations; means; menz
• The Prospects of Sustainable Desert Agriculture to Improve Food Security in Oman by Mbaga, Msafiri Daudi (2015) - Dates have been growing in Oman desert oasis for many years and therefore can be said to be very well adapted to arid weather conditions. Perrier and Salkini (1991) defined water harvesting as a water- management technique for growing crops in arid (desert) and semi-arid areas where rainfall is inadequate for rainfed production and where irrigation water is lacking. Keywords: agriculture; consilience; countries; desert; food; land; mbaga; oman; production; technology; water
• On the Emergence, Current State, and Future Perspectives of Socially Responsible Investment by Puaschunder, Julia (2016) - Analyzing financial social considerations on a global scale through a prism of legal setting and institutional customs will help in finding mutually shared contents of financial social investment. Financial social responsibility attributes the consideration of CSR in investment decisions (Puaschunder, 2010). Keywords: conduct; conscientiousness; consilience; crisis; development; economic; finance; financial; funds; future; global; governance; investment; investors; market; new; practices; puaschunder; responsibility; sri; trends; world
• The Role of Training Programs in the Sustainability of Potable Water Projects by Carty, Monica (2015) - The evolution of community water governance in Uchira, Tanzania: The implications for equality of access, sustainability and effectiveness. This is best exemplified by an excerpt from one of the survey responses: With respect to water committee trainings, we can gauge how much water committee members have learned by observing if they are able to manage finances, keep accurate records, and follow their constitutions. Keywords: carty; community; consilience; figure; instances; knowledge; m m; management; members; ngo; overlaps; people; programs; relationship; responses; role; senegal; survey; sustainability; themes; training; training programs; water
• A Technical and Behavioural Energy Efficiency Assessment of McGill Cafeteria Operations at Bishop Mountain Hall and Royal Victoria College by Cantor, Tal; Hadziosmanovic, Maida; Kim, Harriet; Marsh, Elizabeth; Secules, Chiara; Wright, Kirk; Zastavniouk, Carol (2015) - Energy input is used as one of the parameters for determining appliance energy efficiency. 5.3.7 Energy Input versus Frequency of Use Analysis Figures and results of appliance energy input vs. frequency of use are shown in Appendix A: Keywords: appliances; assessment; bmh; cafeteria; cantor; consilience; electricity; energy; energy efficiency; energy star; food; gas; input; mcgill; mcgill cafeteria; mcgill energy; project; rvc; savings; staff; steam; university; use
• The Environmental Paradox of the City, Landscape, Urbanism, and New Urbanism by Kelbaugh, Douglas (2015) - NUist principles are based on millennia of city design, updated and methodically refined over 25 years of frequent conferences, writings, debates, and built projects. Any visitor to or resident of these cities can attest to the many ways that the merits of these and other cities compensate for their intrusion into local ecological systems. Keywords: cities; city; consilience; design; diversity; kelbaugh; l l; landscape; landscape urbanism; like; new; species; urbanism
• Risk, Resilience, and Sustainability: How Governance in Zimbabwe Countervails this Nexus by Shumba, Dorcas (2017) - Table 1: Zimbabwe Governance and Sustainable Development Indicators and Ranking Concept (attribute) Variables Indicators of Variable Zimbabwe Global Ranking Governance Corruption Freedom Corruption Perception Index as given by Transparency International 2013 Human Freedom Index as given by the CATO 150/168 countries 149/152 countries 25 Ribot (2009). To demonstrate this premise using Zimbabwe as a case study, the paper draws on the trajectory of crisis from independence till the present day highlighting how issues of governance have played a big role towards heightening situations of risk, decreasing the resilience of the people, subsequently stalling sustainability. Keywords: africa; consilience; country; development; economic; economy; environment; good; governance; government; growth; health; independence; land; people; resilience; risk; sustainability; zimbabwe
• Sustainable New Service Development – How to Use Wastage Data to Increase Efficiency and Effectiveness of Sustainable New Service Operations by Harjanne, Atte; Rajakangas-Tolsa, Johanna; Häyhtiö, Markus (2017) - This figure includes preparation waste, service waste and plate waste. Several studies have shown that poorly managed sustainability requirements have a drastic effect on the development process and, most of all, on the end result of service development (Almefelt et al., 2006; Aurum and Wohlin, 2005; Barney and Aurum and Wohlin, 2008; Hull et al., 2011). Keywords: 0,00; case; consilience; data; development; energy; figure; food; management; new; process; production; research; results; service; service development; snsd; study; vol; waste
• The Winding Ways of Development: A Historical Journey of a Road in the Putumayo Region of Colombia by Martínez, Simón Uribe (2011) - This is particularly true for natural resource-rich regions such as the Amazon, where the development of roads has been directly associated with rampant deforestation and resource extraction, uncontrolled colonization and dispossession of indigenous lands. In many places of the world, roads have a strong evocative power, as they represent spaces that materially and symbolically embody ideas such as „modernity,‟ „progress,‟ „backwardness‟ and „development.‟ Combining multi-sited ethnography and historical analysis, this photo essay attempts to document the past, present, and likely future of a road in Putumayo, a region of southwest Colombia that has been traditionally considered a marginal frontier, and which has also become internationally known for the production of cocaine and the violence that has come with it. Keywords: author; capuchin; consilience; development; government; putumayo; region; road
• A Note to Consilience Readers by Wilson, E. O. (2008) - We find ourselves in the early steep climb of exponential change: per capita consumption of materials and energy; the demand for shrinking natural resources, most critical of which is fresh water; climate change with an impact on virtually every aspect of human welfare; the cost of war; and the destruction of ecosystems and species, which have hitherto sustained us scot free. A Note to Consilience Readers. Keywords: consilience
• Note from Editors by Board, Editorial (2008) - The diversity of methodologies employed parallels the variety of academic disciplines in which this inaugural issue is rooted. https://doi.org/10.7916/consilience.v0i1.4455 The concept of consilience, “the joining together of knowledge and information across disciplines to create a unified framework of understanding,” runs through each article. Keywords: consilience; note
• Editor-in-Chief Note by Lee, Hannah (2009) - With this second issue ofConsilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development, I am eager to share with you the view that I wholeheartedly support and credit to Ismail Serageldin, the Director of the Library of Alexandria in Egypt and author of dozens of academic essays on sustainability: sustainable development as the sustainability of opportunity. Editor-in-Chief Note Dear Readers, I am often asked to define sustainable development and its broad relevance today. Keywords: authors; consilience; development; issue
• Reduced Emissions for Deforestation and Degradation: A Critical Review by Hufty, Marc; Haakenstad, Annie (2011) - Still, many questions remain, such as who should certify REDD schemes, on what basis, with which techniques, and whether the capacity of developing countries to undertake the program‟s technical requirements and enforce restrictions is sufficient, even with capacity- building activities (Westholm et al., 2009). Ebeling & Yasue correlate Human Development Indicators (HDIs) with areas likely to benefit from REDD schemes and find that the program will most likely not target the regions with the direst human development needs (2008). Keywords: biodiversity; carbon; change; climate; conservation; consilience; countries; deforestation; degradation; development; emissions; et al; forest; governance; international; issues; land; policy; redd; services
• Her Hands: Images of Craftswomen in Uganda, Bolivia and India by Shealy, Shaina (2011) - “ In Uganda, Many women, when they fail to make money, they go and smoke the wind pipe to charm men to give them money. Abstract Throughout the world, women employ their craft skills to contribute to their economies and gain financial independence. Keywords: art; consilience; hands; photo; shealy; women
• Sustainable Trade in the Ixil Triangle, Guatemalan Highlands by Radulescu, Angela (2011) - She has made a living traveling like many other Ixil women to work on the coffee plantations near the coast, but the harsh conditions affected her health and she was forced to return to San Juan Cotzal. Figure 3: Local Ixil trade their goods in the marketplace in San Juan Cotzal. Keywords: consilience; figure; women
• Sustainable Development Indicators: The Tyranny of Methodology Revisited by Bell, Dr Simon; Morse, Professor Stephen (2011) - The human brain and our senses are „hard wired‟ to look for such indicators routinely as we try to make sense of a complex world, even if for the most part we are unaware that it is happening. They raised various concerns, some of which are well known such as the dominance of economic indicators in framing policy instruments and other ideas such as the notion of a „natural selection‟ process amongst indicators where fitness for survival is not necessarily related to technical excellence of the indicator but to its „appeal.‟ An example of one of the outputs from the workshops is provided as Figure 2. Keywords: bell; consilience; development; economy; gdp; gpi; indicators; information; measure; morse; policy; public; society; tyranny
• Promoting Renewable Energy in Longyearbyen: A Sustainable Means to Prevent Svalbard’s Environmental Degradation by Buonsanti, Fabio (2011) - An earlier version of this article was submitted as part of coursework completed for the class „SUM4000- Development and Environment: Theory and Policy Challenges‟. Keywords: Norway, Svalbard, Longyearbyen, renewable energy, coal mining, wind energy, solar energy. Yet, developing wind energy on Svalbard, might be a demanding task. Keywords: climate; coal; consilience; dahl; energy; environmental; longyearbyen; norway; norwegian; online].-url; polar; power; research; ssb; svalbard; wind
• Resistance to Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies in Uganda: An Impending Threat by Siegel, Elana Joelle (2011) - It should be noted that both regions have experienced significant population movements, a risk factor for the spread of malaria resistance: approximately 200 000 people cross from Cambodia into Thailand on average per annum, and in Uganda, civil conflict forced 2 million people into Internally Displaced Persons, or IDP, camps – 1 million have returned home since. Although, at this moment, there is no hard evidence of any ACT resistance within the Ugandan population, this paper will explore, through published and unpublished sources, and a baseline survey conducted in July 2008 by AMREF (African Medical and Research Foundation, an international medical organisation based in Kenya), how this resistance will soon emerge in Uganda, what the precipitating factors are, and through a careful evaluation of these causes, offer courses of action so as avoid the devastating consequences of ACT resistance. Keywords: act; consilience; drug; health; kiboga; level; malaria; medical; resistance; study; treatment; uganda
• Urban Nomads of Petra: An Alternative Interpretation of the Bedoul Bedouin’s Relationship with History and Space by Fuleihan, Layan (2011) - Perhaps in response to this international attitude, or to make the transition to sedentarism more appealing and thus reduce conflict, Jordan has also created programs to bring the benefits of urbanity to Bedouin communities, providing greater access to education, healthcare centers, and even computers (Trombly, 200). Consequently, the sedentary Bedouin communities increasingly experience health problems arising from malnutrition and vitamin deficiency. Keywords: bedouin; bedoul; city; communities; consilience; contemporary; desertification; development; international; jordan; land; new; nomadic; nomadism; nomads; petra; state; world
• Drinking Water in the United States: Are We Planning For a Sustainable Future? by Derrington, Erin (2011) - Yale University, CT erin.derrington@yale.edu Abstract Maintaining drinking water quality and quantity is a resource management challenge worldwide. This growth will have negative 64 Consilience impacts on water quality and availability, posing amplified resource management challenges (Fitzhugh, 2004). Keywords: act; agency; consilience; development; drinking; drinking water; environmental; epa; health; infrastructure; land; management; national; new; nrdc; planning; protection; public; quality; standards; states; states environmental; united; use; water; water quality; watershed
• Peri-Urban Livelihood and Adaptive Capacity: Urban Development in Dar Es Salaam by Ricci, Liana (2012) - Reviving Lake Atitlán. Abstract Central America’s deepest lake, Lake Atitlán, is located in the department of Sololá, just 50 miles from the famous old city of Antigua. Keywords: algae; atitlán; bloom; consilience; guatemala; lake
• Strengthening Local Governance Through Effective Waste Management: The “Sustainable Environmental Practices and Policies” Program in South Lebanon and the Bekaa Valley by McCornack, Andrew (2012) - Havana Urban Design Charrette: Cuba 19-25 February 2012 Consilience Currie: Planning for 21st Century Havana 14 Richard Wilkinson (2008), “Follow Cuba's emissions standard”, The Guardian, October 30, 2008 15 Regula Modlich (2012), Master Plan for Havana: An Encounter with Julio César Pérez Hernández, Planner’s Network, March 2012 16 Mario Coyula (1998)Havana Forever, Forever Havana, Sustain Vol. 2 Succeeding the balanced growth policies, only one-third of Havana housing was state-built, while the remainder was self-built. Keywords: century; city; consilience; coyula; cuba; development; government; havana; housing; master; neighborhood; planning; pérez; urban
• Between Discourses of Extreme Pressure and Modernization: Small Farmers’ Diverse Perceptions of Vulnerability to Soy in Santarém, Pará by Theis, Sophie; Swette, Briana (2012) - 9 “Roberto Varela dice que la Ciudad de la Cultura es una inversión «imprescindible» para el conjunto de Galicia” in La Voz de Galicia, April 15, 2011. 8 Roberto Varela: «La Ciudad de la Cultura Keywords: city; consilience; culture; figure; galicia; santiago
• Note from the Editors-in-Chief by Sing, Alexandra; Subramanyan, Vighnesh (2012) - Our three photo essays concerning urban development capture the essence of this section, approaching the urban from different, yet complementary, perspectives. In a time when it may appear that the thinking on urban development is haphazard and disconnected, in both the developed and developing worlds, these essays serve as a heartening reminder of the true human scale and impact of these issues. Keywords: consilience; development
• The Environmental Paradox of Cities: Gridded in Manhattan vs. Gridless in Dubai by FAIA, Douglas Kelbaugh (2013) - Like many large cities, it has this parallel transportation system, which is untethered from the surface grid when it tunnels underground and relatively aligned when on or above grade. Manhattan’s blocks are too long (and they lack services alleys common in other cities). Keywords: cities; city; consilience; dubai; grid; manhattan; network; new; paradox; roads; traffic; urban
• Aiding Development or Aiding Politics? How Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa Impact the Efficacy of Official Development Assistance in Ethiopia by Meyer, Courtney (2013) - Development aid at a glance: Statistics by region. Development aid at a glance: Statistics by region. Keywords: africa; aid; august; consilience; database; development; economic; ethiopia; governance; growth; institutions; jstor; online; politics; regime; state; studies; world
• Appraising weak and strong sustainability: searching for a middle ground by Davies, George Randal (2013) - This section discusses a hybrid approach, attempting to merge deep ecology (a common worldview of strong sustainability) and cornucopian views (a common view of weak sustainability), therefore arguing for a middle-of-the-road approach. Weak sustainability is based on the work of two neoclassical economists: Solow (1974; 1986; 1992; 1993) and Hartwick (1977; 1978; 1990). Keywords: approach; barr; capital; consilience; development; economics; environment; nature; sustainability
• Glimpses of Sustainability in Perth, Western Australia: Capturing and Communicating the Adaptive Capacity of Activist Groups by Dhakai, Subas P (2014) - Today, millions of sustainability activist groups (SAGs) are actively engaged in various social and environmental initiatives around the world. Hawken (2007) estimates that there are millions of sustainability activist groups (SAGs) around the world. Keywords: australia; bsw; consilience; dhakal; figure; group; perth; sustainability; wetlands
• The Effect of Sedimentation Levels on Tarebia graniferain Freshwater Lagoons in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic by Harfouche, Caroline Damienne; Jung, Diane (2014) - Every day, for each site, there were three types of data: 1) three weight measurements for morning daily sediment accumulations 2) three weight measurements for afternoon daily sediment accumulations 3) one weight measurement of cumulative sediment accumulations collected in the morning. Lastly, the 144 Consilience   completely dry filter papers with sediment accumulations were weighed on a scientific scale that measures in grams to one decimal point. Keywords: accumulations; closed; consilience; lagoons; levels; sediment; sedimentation; snails; water
• Assessing Stakeholder Adaptive Capacity to Salmon Aquaculture in Norway by Tiller, Rachel; Richards, Russell; Salgado, Hugo; Strand, Hilleveli; Moe, Espen; Ellis, John (2014) - Policy makers’ a priori knowledge of these variables can lessen conflicts that may arise as a result of stakeholder discontent with top-down approaches to aquaculture management, and give managers a better understanding about what they propose could have negative repercussions with stakeholder groups. Finally, the respective stakeholder groups and their scenario development sessions are introduced, and the future political consequences of a ten-fold increase in aquaculture production are discussed. Keywords: aquaculture; aquaculture industry; aquaculture production; bbn; community; consilience; development; et al; fisheries; fishermen; fishing; frøya; future; group; increase; industry; issue; norway; norwegian; priority; production; salmon; salmon aquaculture; scenarios; stakeholder; variables; workshop
• Rejuvenation of Biofertiliser for Sustainable Agriculture Economic Development (SAED) by Mishra, Dr. Pallabi; Dash, Dr. Debiprasad (2014) - Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):2 Patrick Jr., W. H. and Reddy, C.N. (1978) Chemical changes in rice soils. Soil nitrogen and Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) by associated organisms are major sources of nitrogen for low land rice. Keywords: agriculture; azolla; biofertilizer; chemical; consilience; crop; growth; manure; nitrogen; plant; rice; soil; zinc
• Building and Urban Planning in Zimbabwe: Putting Needs, Costs and Sustainability in Focus by Chirisa, Innocent (2014) - Figure 1 is a framework for implementing sustainability in building construction adapted from Akadiri, Chinyio and Olomolaiye (2012:131). They are also the major reason why urban construction remains low when demand for the buildings is high. Keywords: building; city; consilience; construction; costs; country; development; environment; government; harare; housing; industry; land; new; november; order; planning; plans; policy; sector; sustainability; urban; zimbabwe
• Interdependency of Aid Effectiveness and Good Governance by Mubazi, John Kigongo E. (2016) - The government can establish such to keep an eye on corruption activities and report to it when anything is detected so that action can be taken. It can be argued that corrupt officials work harder because they are often in their offices in order to exploit corruption opportunities. Keywords: aid; consilience; corruption; development; good; governance; government; instruments; market; policy; regulation; state
• Reproducing Development’s Trusteeship and Discursive Power by Lie, Jon Harald Sande (2016) - Inspired by post-development theory, and drawing on both a review of development theory and fieldwork within the World Bank, this article argues that the lopsided aid-relations are continuously being reproduced through the formation of development expert knowledge within authoritative donor communities. Trusteeship and Discursive Power Legible Planning Despite just about all Bank-staff emphasis the importance of the social aspects of development knowledge, people engaged in this sector express difficulties of achieving any substantial influence whereas those working in PREM acknowledge that the Bank is “mainly concerned with growth and economic management” – as an economist at the Bank’s Uganda country office expressed it. Keywords: aid; bank; consilience; development; discourse; knowledge; lie; post; power; practice; process; recipient; theory; world; world bank
• Capitalizing on Public Discourse in Bolivia – Evo Morales and Twenty-first Century Capitalism by Hollender, Rebecca (2016) - This paper will explore Morales’ neglect of longer-term political goals for economic independence, self- sufficiency, and sustainability by considering competing theories of social movements, political parties, and the state that provide different lenses for understanding MAS’ abandonment of its original political platform for change, Twenty-First Century Socialism (Socialismo del Siglo XXI). It will examine a number of competing theories of social movements, political parties, and the state that provide different lenses for understanding MAS’ abandonment of its original radical political platform for change, known as Twenty- First Century Socialism (Socialismo del Siglo XXI). Keywords: alternatives; bolivia; change; consilience; development; evo; government; hollender; latin; mas; morales; movements; new; pact; party; policy; power; processes; state; term; unity
• Planning of Wastewater Reuse Programme in Nigeria by Adewumi, James Rotimi; Oguntuase, Abiose Matthew (2016) - As wastewater treatment is relatively expensive (far more than water supply treatment) pilot programs and projects must first be established after detailed feasibility studies are conducted in selected locations to determine the efficacy of nation-wide programs for wastewater reuse. Levels of wastewater treatment are generally classified as preliminary, primary, secondary, and advanced. Keywords: adewumi; city; consilience; environmental; groundwater; health; industrial; irrigation; management; potential; public; quality; recharge; reuse; risk; supply; systems; tertiary; treatment; treatment irrigation; uses; wastewater; wastewater reuse; wastewater treatment
• Legal Aspects of Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis in Sustainable Urban Development by Caytas, Joanna Diane (2015) - Technology and innovation (avoidance of waste by planned obsolescence) • Legal and regulatory framework (international, national, state and municipal levels) • Public education, information and compliance • Supraregional influences (war, migration, large-scale natural disasters) Consilience Caytas: Legal Aspects in Sustainable Urban Development 2. Technology Assessment as a Tool and as a Process “All of science is nothing more than refinement of everyday thinking.” – Thomas Jefferson, Letter to James Madison, 1789 Consilience Caytas: Legal Aspects in Sustainable Urban Development 1. Keywords: accounting; analysis; aspects; assessment; caytas; consilience; cost; development; future; human; international; int’l; law; life; policy; population; principle; public; research; resources; rev; science; society; system; technology; technology assessment; time
• Sustainability As: An Analysis of the Alberta Oil Sands Industry’s Metaphorical Discourse by Berry, Megan Nicole (2015) - This paper begins with a brief overview of the literature on sustainability metaphors, followed by an examination of what a systematic process for metaphor analysis should entail. The corpus in question will be briefly discussed, the precise methodology presented, and some key highlights of the research findings of sustainability metaphors in the oil sands industry dialogue put forth. Keywords: alberta; analysis; consilience; energy; environmentalism; industry; journey; metaphor; nature; oil; sands; sustainability; understanding
• Resolving Conflicts Between Endangered Species Conservation and Renewable Energy Siting: Wiggle Room for Renewables? by Badichek, Gregg (2015) - 123 “The DRECP will encompass development of solar thermal, utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, and other forms of renewable energy and associated infrastructure such as electric transmission lines necessary for renewable energy development within the Mojave and Colorado desert regions of California.” As described supra, renewable energy projects often disagree with certain listed species. Keywords: act; action; badichek; consilience; development; endangered; energy; esa; infrastructure; land; projects; service; solar; species; u.s; wildlife; wind
• The Complementarity of Improving Quality of Life and Reducing Environmental Footprints in Urban Spaces: The Argument for ‘Hedonistic Sustainability’ by Mohtadi, Tara (2016) - Urban green spaces such as parks, green roofs, gardens, etc. can provide benefits ranging from storm water management, to diminishing the urban heat island effect, and improving biodiversity. In other words, urban greening can create a localized wave of gentrification, which over time will leave socially vulnerable populations without access to urban green space. Keywords: benefits; bogotá; cities; city; consilience; design; life; space; sustainability
• Environmental Crisis in the Eastern Himalayan Landscapes in India by Bhattacharya, Sayan (2019) - This photo essay aims to discuss the nature of the challenges in the Eastern Himalayas which pose a palpable threat to the local ecology and environment, and to establish how a more sustainable approach is necessary to salvage this ecologically unique region. Keywords: Eastern Himalayas, biodiversity, ecology, sustainable development This content downloaded from 68.61.68.201 on Fri, 17 Apr 2020 04:25:55 Keywords: apr; areas; bhattacharya; consilience; content; eastern; fri; himalayas; https://about.jstor.org/terms; india; subject; use; utc
• Consilience Author Submission Guidelines by Consilience Board (2010) - - The Consilience Editorial Team Scope of the Journal Consilience publishes scholarly articles, opinion pieces, field notes, editorial columns and photo essays. Given the rigor of the research, scholarly articles contain technical language and use of appropriate terminology. Keywords: articles; author; consilience; development; journal
• Note from the Editors by Bhardwaj, Amar; Ahmed, Sophia (2020) - Consilience confronts such challenges in Issue XXII by continuing to uphold fact-based research and incorporating diverse voices. Dear Reader, We are pleased to present Issue XXII of Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development. Keywords: consilience; issue
• Light Energy: Our Wasted Resource by Tatro, Kaitlyn (2020) - As society continues to advance, more light follows. Isolated in a petri dish, the cells react strongest to blue light—wavelengths approximately between 420 and 480 (Figure 2). Keywords: bogard; consilience; consumption; electricity; energy; health; journal; light; lighting; pollution; sky; sleep; u.s
• The City Sprouted: The Rise of Brasília by Kelly, Jared (2020) - Individuals living in rural Brazil had little to no ability to engage in collective action movements to address the problems facing them. “School quality and achievement in rural Brazil.” Keywords: areas; brasília; brazil; brazilian; capital; cities; city; consilience; construction; country; de janeiro; development; favelas; government; janeiro; journal; land; new; paulo; public; rio; rio de; state; são; urban; world
• Water Quality Pilot Study for Traditional Water Structure Revitalization Potential in the Deccan Plateau of India by Bessette, Jonathan; Niblock, Eric (2020) - One example is View Journal | View Issue Water Quality Pilot Study for Traditional Water Structure Water Quality Pilot Study for Traditional Water Structure Revitalization Potential in the Deccan Plateau of IndiaRevitalization Potential in the Deccan Plateau of India Jonathan Bessette1 and Eric Niblock2 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2College of Arts and Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States, Email: jbessett@buffalo.edu, ericnibl@buffalo.edu Keywords:Keywords: water structures, Deccan Plateau, water quality, revitalization ABSTRACT:ABSTRACT: Traditional water structures such as stepwells and canal systems historically function as sustainable water sources. In this case, a government body aided in the maintenance of these revi- talization sites in an indirect way; searching for similar symbiotic relationships between government entities and water structures could aid in sustainable development. Keywords: bidar; consilience; deccan; development; india; journal; karez; plateau; pollution; potential; quality; sites; sources; structures; systems; water; water quality; water structures
• National Culture and Urban Resilience: A Case Study of Resilient Cities by Cilk, Madison (2020) - Table 3: Urban resilience plan coding scores for national cultural dimensions Table 4: National cultural dimension scores* from Cultures and Organizations (2010) With more and more cities designing urban resilience plans, it is highly relevant to assess the role that national culture plays in the creation of these plans. Keywords: cities; city; consilience; countries; cultural; culture; dimensions; hofstede; journal; low; national; plans; research; resilience; scores; strategy; urban; values
• The Impact of World Bank-Assisted Projects on Poverty Alleviation by Herbert, Eti; Odeniyi, Omolara Olateju (2022) - 8 Consilience World Bank Assisted Projects In Nigeria Nigeria became a signatory to the World Bank Articles of Agreement in 1961, one year after the country’s independence and 17 years after the creation of the World Bank.10 Since then, Nigeria has continued to enjoy over 120 World Bank assisted projects and over 121 IBRD and IDA credit facilities.11 Below is the list of subsisting World Bank projects in Nigeria: 1. On the second perspective, it is doubtful whether poor citizens are taken into consideration in the execution of World Bank projects. Keywords: alleviation; august; bank group; consilience; corruption; countries; country; development; government; impact; income; industries; international; loans; nigeria; oil; participation; people; percent; policy; poverty; projects; reduction; stakeholders; world bank
• The “Necessity” of Democracy for Sustainable Development: A Comparison between the USA and Cuba by Rand, Marcus (2014) - Cuba�s and the U.S.�s participation in this convention suggests 186 Consilience    186   that they are concerned about preserving the environment and pursuing a path of sustainable development. The results of the comparison indicate that, to promote sustainable development on a wider scale, it is necessary to focus on the values embedded in the dignity of humankind. Keywords: consilience; convention; cuba; democracy; development; energy; environmental; government; policy; states; u.s; united
• Ecological Agriculture and Sustainable Adaptation to Climate Change: A Practical and Holistic Strategy for Indian Smallholders by Bargout, Remy (2014) - However, regardless of the mutual viability these two systems have on a small farm, it is the explicit resilience of holistic, practical, and efficient farming practice – not the pious prohibition of certain technologies – that is most relevant for Indian smallholder adaptation. Having said this, there has been some government action in support Consilience Bargout: Ecological Agriculture and Sustainable Adaptation    114   of ecological agriculture for sustainable climate change adaptation. Keywords: adaptation; agriculture; agro; biodiversity; change; climate; climate change; consilience; crop; food; india; millet; moisture; plant; resilience; rice; smallholders; soil; species; system; water
• Improving Sustainable Development Outcomes Through Best Management Practices by Ramirez, Byron (2014) - Nonetheless, we have an opportunity to improve the leadership, planning, implementation, and monitoring of sustainable development projects. This paper addresses a few critical aspects of strategic management and some resulting challenges faced by policy makers, managers, and implementers of sustainable development projects who come from the private sector, public sector and NGOs. Keywords: challenges; consilience; development; environment; individuals; leadership; management; organization; people; planning; projects; world
• Note from the Editors by Thornberg, Agnes; Chioffi, Olivia (2021) - Note from the Editors Dear Readers, We are pleased to present Issue XXIII of Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development. The focus of the articles in Issue XXIII varies widely, from a global consideration of eco-nationalism to a local analysis of naturalization in an urban park in Rock Island, Illinois. Keywords: consilience; journal
• Using Spatial Context and Demographic Analysis to Assess Surface Permeability in Philadelphia by Zhu, Nicholas (2022) - This paper explores how spatial and demographic research can be combined to provide a holistic assessment of surface permeability across one of America’s largest cities. For example, surface permeability was correlated with household income . Keywords: analysis; city; consilience; income; medium; permeability; philadelphia; rent; surface; surface permeability; value
• Redefining Shareholder Value Maximization: Identifying key sustainable investment strategies and their role in rehabilitating corporate purpose by Duong, Iris Wan Wan (2022) - A guide for impact investment fund managers. One reason why impact investment may be financially profitable is the thematic growth underlying impact industries. Keywords: activist; capital; companies; company; consilience; energy; esg; factors; funds; hedge; impact; impact investing; investing; investment; investors; management; market; maximization; new; pension; return; risk; shareholder; sustainability; term; value

• The World of Coffee: 21st Century Solutions for A Commodity Facing Climate Change Risks by Negre, Laura (2023) - Since coffee farmers are mostly from very low-income countries, trading beans into global markets has exposed millions of small producers in developing countries to exploitation, initially from colonialists and eventually from multinational trading firms. Activism on behalf of coffee producers began as early as the 19th century when campaigners publicly opposed the financial abuse of coffee farmers by Dutch colonists in the East Indies. Keywords: certification; climate; coffee; fairtrade; farmers; farms; smallholder; social; sustainability
• Homeownership and Environmental Attitudes by Liu, E Jen (2025) - An additive index was created for neighborhood environmental risk exposure using the variables airpollu, wtrpollu, and exweathr. In other words, homeowners’ levels of environmental concern are hypothesized to be more sensitive to increased levels of neighborhood environmental risk exposure than those of renters. Keywords: attitudes; change; climate; concern; environment; exposure; homeowners; homeownership; neighborhood; people; policies; renters; research; risk; value; variables
• A Looming Crisis: Exploring the Precarious Legal Status of ‘Climate Refugees’ Under International and Human Rights Law by Sachs, Claudia (2025) - This ruling underscores that the Refugee Convention’s application remains narrow and excludes the broader concept of ‘climate refugees.’ While the Refugee Convention does not currently apply to climate refugees, judicial interpretations in Ioane hint that climate refugee status may become relevant as climate impacts escalate. In recent years, individuals displaced by climate change have sought legal recognition as 'climate refugees' under the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1951. Keywords: change; climate; convention; displacement; international; refugee; status
• Green Talk: Comparing the Discourse on Climate Change and Sustainable Development between Environmental NGOs and the State in Vietnam and Bolivia by Schipani, Samantha (2015) - The specific limitations of the research included language barriers and discrepancies in translation, particularly in Vietnam; inability to speak candidly with government employees about their perceptions of state environmental discourse in relation to ENGOs; and a relatively non-random sample of ENGOs, all of which were selected to present for the IHP Climate Change program this semester. Such differences could also speak to the legacies of civil society in the two nations, or the ways in which the government is handling climate change and sustainable development issues specifically. Keywords: bolivia; change; climate; climate change; development; discourse; engos; government; issues; society; state; vietnam
• Anticipate, Absorb, Reshape (A2R): A Baseline Study of Climate Resilience in Developing Countries by Dale, Lisa; Held, Jonathan; Ratte, Stephanie; Zaman, Farrukh (2018) - Climate risk insurance is broadly divisible into direct and indirect insurance. Climate risk insurance for the poor: Success factors and enabling conditions for “InsuResilience” - the Initiative on Climate Risk Insurance. Keywords: a2r; action; climate; countries; data; development; disaster; hfa; indicator; insurance; national; report; resilience; risk; systems; warning; yes
• Recasting Economics As If the Climate and Global Ecology Really Mattered by Porter, John R; Howden, Mark; Stokholm, Michaela Schiller; Smith, Pete (2017) - Of course this would require development of effective, unbiased, transparent and cheap monitoring and evaluation systems, as well as a way to deal with changes in carbon stocks that are not under management and policy influence (e.g. wildfires or warming that reduces soil carbon or a pathogen that wipes out a species – like the Dutch elm disease). Keywords: climate change, carbon standard, global economy, global ecology, carbon stocks, carbon sequestration Consilience 222 Introduction Both economy and ecology share the same ancient Greek language root or prefix: ‘oikos’, which means house or home. Keywords: carbon; change; climate; economics; emissions; energy; food; fossil; soil; stocks; system; value
• Toppling the Tripod: Sustainable Development, Constructive Ambiguity and the Environmental Challenge by Moore, Frances C (2011) - It is suggested that an emphasis on the shifting, contextualized and relative term ―needs‖ in the definition of sustainable development has led to paralysis at the international level in addressing environmental problems, particularly climate change. Abstract Discussions of global environmental governance seem to have gotten nowhere in the last thirty years despite environmental problems that continue to grow in scope and magnitude. Keywords: ambiguity; capital; climate; conference; development; needs; problems; sustainability; years
• Global Climate Policies, Local Institutions and Food Security in a Pastoral Society in Ethiopia by Virtanen, Pekka; Palmujoki, Eero; Gemechu, Dereje Terefe (2011) - Abstract This paper explores climate change adaptation within national policy priorities in a least developed country (LDC). Therefore, the donor community is suggesting that a stakeholder model based on broad participation replace the shareholder model for governance in climate change adaptation. Keywords: activities; adaptation; borana; change; climate; climate change; development; ethiopia; food; government; institutions; interviews; level; napa; national; pastoral; poverty; projects; security; study; water
• Sustaining Culture with Sustainable Stoves: The Role of Tradition in Providing Clean-Burning Stoves to Developing Countries by Victor, Britta (2011) - Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development Vol. 5, Iss. 1 (2011), Pp. 71-95 Sustaining Culture with Sustainable Stoves: The Role of Tradition in Providing Clean-Burning Stoves to Developing Countries Britta Victor Department of Anthropology Princeton University, Princeton, NJ brittavictor@gmail.com Ramanathan describes the extent of black carbon‟s effect: it may have as much as 60 percent the warming effect as that of CO2 and the particles originally Consilience Victor: Sustainable Stoves produce a haze around the area in which they were emitted travel fast, covering an entire ocean or subcontinent in as little as a week. Keywords: black; carbon; change; climate; communities; community; cooking; cooks; countries; culture; development; food; health; power; programs; stoves; time; use; women; women‟s; world
• Causes of Poor Service Delivery in Africa and Their Impact on Development by Odaro, Esohe Denise (2012) - Wards are divided into villages in the case of rural areas and Streets in the case of urban areas. Abstract This research focuses on the interactions between urban development and global environmental change processes as crucial for reducing the impacts of climate change. Keywords: adaptation; areas; capacity; change; cities; climate; dar; development; land; management; peri; planning; resources; rural; salaam; strategies; urban; vulnerability
• Warming Climates, Changing Forests: Temperature Tolerances of Trees and Carbon Dynamics in Northeastern Temperate Forests by Patterson, Angelica E (2013) - However, fossil records and molecular evidence show that tree species may be moving slower than what current models predict (Pearson, 2006). The transition from the Younger Dryas to the Holocene occurred over 50- 70 years with average July temperatures increasing 3-4°C (Peteet, 2000) provoking the establishment and the expansion of tree species that make up our current northern hardwood-conifer forests. Keywords: carbon; change; climate; forest; new; patterson; plant; species; temperatures; tree; warming
• Climate Change Oppression: Media Production as the Practice of Freedom by Walker, Grady (2013) - The importance of climate change adaptation cannot be overemphasized. The participatory approach to adaptation is essential because it engages the community, rather than just the individual, and it is at the community level that climate change adaptation will be most successful. Keywords: adaptation; change; climate; education; media; participatory; video; world
• Climate Change and Capitalism by Park, Jonathan T (2015) - Global climate change has been the most severe consequence of our society’s excessive atmospheric pollution. Any viable solution to climate change will therefore require a global agreement to drastically inhibit the extraction, production, and consumption of natural resources. Keywords: capitalism; carbon; change; climate; climate change; cost; demand; fossil; market; people; products; resources; tax; value
• Mind the Gap – The Discrepancy between the Normative Debate and the Actual Use of Human Rights Language in International Climate Negotiations by Beck, Gregor; Ditzel, Cora; Ganter, Sofia; Perov, Olga (2015) - Both expert question guidelines contained broad questions about the general role of human rights in climate negotiations as well as more specific questions on human rights articulations by states. The civil society experts addressed two further potential reasons for human rights articulations which seemed substantiated given the submission analysis results: Human rights are articulated among other things for political reasons or as a strategy especially of left-leaning South American states which use them embedded in their general political orientation (Sterk 2013: 2-3). Keywords: adp; articulations; change; climate; climate change; climate negotiations; ecuador; experts; gap; group; international; lmdc; negotiations; parties; rights; state; submissions
• Ontario’s Climate Change Mitigation and Low Carbon Economy Act: Pious Aspirations or New Dawn? by Olawuyi, Domilola (2016) - By extending its reach to a wide range of activities and sectors, the proposed Ontario Climate Act arguably meets the requirement of effectiveness and has strong potentials to adequately regulate key emission sources in Ontario. This article assesses the potentials and pitfalls of the Ontario Climate Act. Keywords: act; cap; carbon; change; climate; emissions; ontario; program; trade; trading
• Participatory Assessment and Adaptation for Resilience to Climate Change by Choptiany, John Michael Humphries; Graeub, Benjamin Ernst; Hatik, Sinan; Conversa, Daniele; Ledermann, Samuel Thomas (2019) - The ‘one-off’ snapshot produced by existing tools gives a picture of resilience but requires outsiders (often a development project or organization) to support changes following from the assessment. While existing tools use individual segments of these approaches, the time is ripe to integrate them for a comprehensive and holistic farm-level assessment which provides recommendations for improvement of resilience using locally and globally sourced solutions presented in a farmer-centric approach. Keywords: approach; apr; climate; content; development; farmer; fri; resilience; solutions; subject; tool; use; utc
• Eco-Nationalism: A Historical Evaluation of Nationalist Praxes in Environmentalist and Ecologist Movements by Margulies, Morgan (2021) - While ethnic eco-nationalist movements successfully realized the goals of ecologism, the typical problems of ethnic nationalism prevailed when ecological narratives were interwoven with genocidal violence. The assumed spiritual, organic, and naturalistic connection between community and nature has been continuously evoked in ethnic nationalist movements through history. Keywords: change; civic; climate; eco; environmentalist; ethnic; movements; nationalism; nuclear
• Government Subsidization and the Reduction of Enteric Emissions in the United States: Is implementing a policy of national enteric emissions standards a feasible national policy option to reduce methane emissions in the United States? by Baker, Patrick (2021) - DSM, a health and wellness company headquartered in the Netherlands, has created Bovaer, a feed additive that promises to reduce enteric methane emissions by 30% (DSM, n.d.). What distinguishes the two countries with regard to agriculture and methane emissions are their plans and successes in reducing enteric methane emissions while maintaining solid economic growth and cattle yields. Keywords: agriculture; climate; emissions; livestock; methane; new; states; subsidization; united
• Mindscapes and Landscapes: Learning to Adapt in Transnational Climate Adaptation Collaborative in Africa by Manteaw, Bob Offei (2020) - My works in climate change adaptation emerged out of my research interest in the social dimensions of global environmental change which eventually saw me move from academia in the United States to lead the province of Alberta’s Climate Adaptation program in Canada. From this perspective, some of the current flawed assumptions and understandings of climate change and the role of learning in climate change adaptation and socio-ecological systems change processes become under- standable. Keywords: adaptation; change; change adaptation; climate; climate adaptation; climate change; development; environmental; impacts; journal; learning; processes; programs; resilience; socio; systems
• Complications of the Climate Change Narrative within the Lives of Climate Refugees: Slow Causality and Apocalyptic Themes by Mascia, Raphaella (2020) - I contend that the dominant narrative of climate change complicates the narratives of climate change refugees through specific characteristics of climate change discourse, specifically, the temporal characteristics of slow causality and apocalyptic themes as evinced in two case studies, one in the small town of Shishmaref, Alaska and the other in the Maldives. And, as the consequences of climate change on humans become more evident, climate change refugees are often deemed the “human face of climate change” (Piguet, 2013; Bettini, 2013). Keywords: causality; change narrative; climate; climate change; climate refugees; discourse; lyotard; maldives; narrative; refugees
• Do young people in Australian educational systems receive adequate support to feel empowered in engaging with Sustainable Development Goals? by Morley, Sarah (2020) - However, as has also been acknowl- edged, there exists a number of Australian school teachers who have identified flaws in the CCPs and are eager to initiate change in order to make sustainability education more effective. The first tier is evident in the capacity that Australian school teachers are deprived of adequate training and education regarding effective delivery of sustainability education in classrooms. Keywords: change; climate; education; people; school; support; sustainability; teachers; youth
• Green Evolution: Lessons from British Climate Policy, 1979-2020 by Scheuch, Eric (2021) - Such consensus is most easily accomplished when politicians consider supporting climate policy to be in their interest, when public pressure is applied both during and after elections, when the business community recalculates the value of climate policies into its bottom line, and when progress is accomplished in steps rather than an overnight period. Durable cross-party support for climate change policies is possible, provided that politicians view supporting climate policy to be in their interest; 2.) Keywords: action; britain; british; carbon; change; climate; climate change; climate policy; european; government; policies; policy; public
• A Regional Energy Market to Achieve California’s Renewable Energy Goals by Findling, Hannah (2021) - This option is feasible because regional energy markets have been successful in the rest of the United States. Abstract The intermittency of renewable energy poses challenges for California’s energy stability and reliability as the state pushes towards its goal of reaching 100% renewable electricity by 2045. Keywords: caiso; california; change; climate; electricity; energy; energy market; grid; market; power; state; system
• Rio Conventions Redux: An Argument for Merging the Trio into a Single Convention on Environmental Management by Young, Walker (2010) - The DAC Guidelines: Integrating Rio Conventions into Development Co-operation. Each Rio Convention was signed into law with the explicit acknowledgement that the document was sovereign and not subject to alteration or modification. Keywords: cbd; cem; change; climate; conventions; desertification; development; management; rio; rio conventions; unccd; unfccc
• Carbon Sinks of Steel: Using Bamboo to Combat Climate Change by Kirchhof, Erica (2021) - Article headlines across the world, from Jamaica (“Gov’t Targeting Value-Added Production From Bamboo”) to India (“Bamboo Wood Industry: Dark Horse in NE Economy”), to Florida (“Why Bamboo Might Be Worth the Climb for Florida Farmers”) all suggest that interest in bamboo cultivation is growing. Moreover, these results provide further support for involving smallholder farmers and rural communities in participatory systems that integrate their existing knowledge with bamboo cultivation and management. Keywords: bamboo; carbon; change; climate; cultivation; growth; nath; sequestration
• Effects of and Potential Interventions to Combat Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Resources in Long Island and Shelter Island by Boughton, Carolanne (2021) - Groundwater temperatures are expected to increase alongside surface temperature increases (Taylor & Stefan 2009). Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development Iss. 24, 2021 Effects of and potential interventions to combat climate change impacts on groundwater resources in Long Island and Shelter Island Carolanne Boughton1 1 Columbia University in the City of New York Abstract Climate change is predicted to increase the temperature, precipitation, and sea level in the northeastern United States. Keywords: change; climate; groundwater; island; long; new; precipitation; recharge; resources; shelter; temperature; york
• Sharing the Burden: Climate responsibility beyond the nation-state by Fryett, Oliver (2022) - Sharing the Burden: Climate responsibility beyond the nation-state Oliver Fryett Department of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences University of Tasmania omfryett@utas.edu.au Abstract Crafting an adequate and cohesive global response to climate change has presented a monumental challenge. Traditionally, climate responsibility has focused on the nation- state, yet these methods of responsibility allocation have failed in their key goal; to drive effective action to respond to the social and environmental consequences of climate change. Keywords: action; carbon; change; climate; climate change; climate responsibility; emissions; equinor; ghg; global; nation; oil; production; responsibility; wealth

• Investigating environmental values and psychological barriers to sustainable behaviors among college students by Mouchrek, Najla; Cullen, Charlotte; Ganino, Alyssa; Gliga, Vera; Kramer, Paige; Mahesh, Rohith; Maunder, Lauren ; Murray, Sean; Scott, Kiara; Shaikh, Taha (2023) - It indicates that, if pro-environmental behaviors are not occurring, it is likely due to psychological barriers as opposed to a lack of pro-environmental values. Many understand that climate change is a major issue, they are aware that changes must be made to address this issue, and even have pro-environmental values – however, many are reluctant to change their behavior patterns so that their actions are more sustainable. Keywords: action; barriers; behavior; change; paradigm; students; sustainability; values
• Engaging College Students in the Transition to Sustainability Through Design-Based Approaches by Mouchrek, Najla (2018) - Considering potential design-based strategies for engaging youth in sustainability, our research (Mouchrek 2017) shows that: • Participatory design processes can provide spaces for experimentation, inviting youth to enact and reflect on their choices in a non-serious, playful environment. • From the perspective of development, participatory design processes can offer opportunities for peer interaction, equal participation with adults, exploration of diverse identities, and elaboration of possible futures. Keywords: action; change; culture; design; development; education; engagement; people; social; strategies; sustainability; youth
• The Warrior’s Dilemma: Can Maasai Culture Persist in a Changing World? by Ahmed, Zahra; Booth, Laura; Njagi, Loise; Stephanou, Elleni (2015) - When Maasai communities shift from group ownership of land to private ownership of subdivided plots, new owners often erect fences to denote their property. Maasai culture and its accompanying traditions compose one of the most well-studied anthropological systems in the world. Keywords: challenges; change; conservation; culture; kenya; land; maasai; pastoralism; traditions; wildlife
• Dance and Mixed-Media Performance for Building Scientific Understanding and Environmental Respect by Butler, Lauren (2018) - Art about science Further proposed by Ede (2005) is that art cannot be directly about science. Art can be inspired by science, but few recognize that art has something to offer science, and even fewer practice it. Keywords: art; artists; audience; change; dance; development; interactions; science; scientific; scientists; work

• Comparing Sodium-ion Battery Electrode Materials in the Scope of Grid-Scale Batteries supporting Renewable Energy Sources and Future Electrification Demands by Saha, Aryan (2023) - Commonly used in laboratories, metallic sodium is not optimal as a production-level anode due to its dendrite-formation causing safety and cycling issues (Li et al., 2017). Figure 6: (Left) P2 formation (Right) O3 formation (Li et al., 2017) Keywords: batteries; battery; capacity; carbon; cathode; density; electrode; energy; et al; grid; ion; ion batteries; lithium; materials; sodium; storage; systems
• The Solar and Wind Economy in Ohio: Industry Analysis and Policy Implications by Smith, Colton; Driver, David; Michaud, Gilbert (2018) - Overall, understanding the trends and projections for Ohio energy jobs and capacities has numerous implications for policymakers and economic development practitioners alike, which are highlighted in our conclusions. Initially, this requirement was set to 12.5% by 2024, with 0.5% (the ‘carve-out’ or ‘set-aside’) required to be solar energy specifically (DSIRE 2017a). Keywords: capacity; data; employment; energy; generation; growth; impact; industry; jobs; net; ohio; policy; solar; state; wind
• A Systematic Evaluation of Environmental Discrimination with Sustainability Initiatives in India by Williams, Jonah (2016) - Keywords: environmental discrimination, South Asia, India, environmental sustainability, equal access, Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) Consilience Williams: Sustainability Initiatives in India Author’s Note: In India, the issue of disproportionate access to environmental sustainability has become an extreme problem. Keywords: communities; conservation; energy; india; initiatives; new; pollution; programs; sustainability
• In India’s Sea of Darkness: An Unsustainable Island of Decentralized Energy Production by Singh, Kartikeya (2008) - “In the past, we provided free solar home lighting systems and people refused to pay the monthly Rs. 100-200 for the new battery their system would require within two years.” Instead, integrated renewable energy systems, a method of development which employs various renewable energy technologies in combination to provide for the various energy needs of a community, might not only pave the way for sustainable development, but rather represent the entire leap into sustainable energy independence for remote areas in India and other parts of the world. Keywords: energy; home; india; lighting; system; village
• Carbon Footprinting the Internet by Gombiner, Joel (2011) - With one billion Google searches occurring every day, there are one billion grams of CO2 being emitted into the atmosphere due to Google searches alone. Of course, Google searches are only a single component of Internet activity. Keywords: carbon; emissions; energy; google; internet
• Why Taiwan‘s Sustainable Energy Policy Matters by Fox, Benjamin (2011) - The modest success of Taiwan‘s sustainable energy policy demonstrates the importance of setting short-term and mid-term goals, even if they initially generate sub- optimal outcomes. Thus, Taiwan‘s sustainable energy policy is the beginning of a process of reorienting Taiwan‘s economy towards the energy technology sector, enhancing its economic competitiveness, environmental health, and contribution to global climate change initiatives. Keywords: carbon; co2; economic; electricity; emissions; energy; investment; legislation; march; percent; policy; taiwan; taiwan‘s; u.s
• Why Rural Rich Remain Energy Poor by Mirza, Bilal; Kemp, Rene (2011) - Household energy in South Asia. Survey of rural household energy consumption in China. Keywords: animal; communities; energy; energy source; firewood; group; households; income; income group; lpg; plant; source; waste
• Waste Not, Want Not: How Utilities Can Help Consumers Save Energy by Hemmes, Frank; Papyrakis, Elissaios; van Beukering, Pieter (2012) - Elissaios Papyrakis is a Senior Researcher in This content downloaded from �������������24.184.95.106 on Wed, 30 Dec 2020 16:13:22 UTC������������� All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 2 Consilience environmental economics at the Institute for Environmental Studies at the VU University, Amsterdam in the Netherlands and an Assistant Professor in economics at the School of International Development at the University of East Anglia in the UK. This content downloaded from �������������24.184.95.106 on Wed, 30 Dec 2020 16:13:22 UTC������������� All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Consilience Hemmes: Waste Keywords: behavior; consumption; customers; electricity; energy; experiment; feedback; group; participants; use; utc �; � �
• Independent Study on Changing Student Behaviour to Increase Energy Sustainability and Efficiency at the Macdonald Campus of McGill University by Wu, Andrew; Singh, Jaaved; Tikasz, Peter (2013) - Furthermore, there was broad agreement regarding the inaccessibility of information on energy use on campus, suggesting that this was a primary leverage point for enacting social change. With a planned implementation date of Fall 2012, these initiatives are expected to have a significant impact on environmental awareness, leading to a decrease in energy use on campus and a reduction in environmental impact. Keywords: campus; community; energy; figure; macdonald; mcgill; question; section; sustainability; use
• Electricity Consumption: Should There Be a Limit? Implications of People’s Attitudes for the Forming of Sustainable Energy Policies by Westskog, Hege; Winther, Tanja (2014) - Keywords: Electricity consumption, savings, attitudes, market, norm 98 Consilience   1. In all cases we covered general questions on energy behaviour, as well as if, how and to what extent the interviewees try to save electricity, and how they regard electricity consumption in a societal context. Keywords: consumption; electricity; energy; focus; logics; market; norway; norwegian; people; policy; price; savings; system; use
• Against the Tide: Potential for Marine Renewable Energy in Eastern and Southern Africa by Belletti, Elena; McBride, Milo (2021) - Keywords Tidal energy, marine renewable energy, Eastern and Southern Africa, policy design, sustainable development, democratizing energy access Against the Tide: Potential for Marine Renewable Energy in Eastern and Southern Africa Elena Belletti* and Milo McBride Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development Belletti & McBride: Against the Tide I. INTRODUCTION As a global push for decarbonization takes center stage in today’s energy policy, bringing renewable electrification to low-income countries is essential to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While South Africa has early developments of wave energy, the following sections will focus on tidal energy, which has more regional applications and potential for market penetration. Keywords: africa; development; electricity; energy; esa; generation; geothermal; kenya; mre; n.d; potential; power; projects; river; scale; technology; tidal; wind
• Unsustainable Development in the Mekong: The Price of Hydropower by Ho, Ezra (2014) - Thus, the MRC is unable to craft a coherent vision for Mekong development. The end result is that Mekong development has been appropriated by neoliberal forces that have succeeded in framing the river system for certain privileged groups of actors, at the expense of local communities. Keywords: basin; communities; countries; development; doi; energy; governance; hydropower; mekong; mekong river; river; systems; water
• Scaling Up Sustainable Renewable Energy Generation from Municipal Solid Waste in the African Continent: Lessons from eThekwini, South Africa by Gumbo, Trynos (2014) - For instance, the municipality of Abidjan, in Côte d’Ivoire, has been working since 2009 to generate about 30 MW of electricity from landfill waste. Africa is home to many renewable energy sources, ranging from sun and water to municipal solid waste and wind. Keywords: africa; cities; countries; energy; gas; generation; landfill; management; msw; municipality; site; south; urban; waste; world
• Living Energy: A Novel Approach to Using Biofluorescent Bacteria in Solar Concentrators by Gandhi, Smiti; Liu, Andrew (2021) - In 2018, solar energy generated 2.2% of the United States’ electricity, compared to only 0.7% in 2014 (Lawson, Sherlock, Platzer, Clark, & Cowan, 2020). Unfortunately, solar energy heavily depends on the availability of sunlight and is only 15 to 21 percent efficient (Johnson, 2013), a problem researchers hope to solve through technological development. Keywords: bacteria; biofluorescent; concentrator; december; energy; light; output; panels; power; solar; units
• Sustainability Education for Namibian Youth to Advance Efficient Cookstoves and Energy Development by Lindgren, Samantha (2021) - From cookstoves to cooking systems: the integrated program on sustainable household energy use in Mexico. Establishing and developing relationships with educational institutions strengthen the community and the project by preparing the next generation of household energy users to use healthier and more efficient means of cooking, thereby supporting the project’s desired outcomes, without waiting until they are adults. Keywords: centre; children; cooking; cookstoves; development; energy; health; households; nadeet; parents; town; youth

• Investigating the Global and Local in Wangchuck Centennial National Park: A Case for the Bhutanese Conservation Actors In-Between by Steele, Anna Lee (2018) - Abstract Bhutan is world famous for its approach to both environmental conservation and development, despite being classified as “least developed” by the World Bank as recently as 2016. As Bhutan continues to develop, it has increasingly encountered the colloquially known, but statistically unproven phenomena: that development standards and conservation goals are often in conflict with the needs of rural communities. Keywords: actors; bhutan; bhutanese; civil; conservation; development; government; local; national; park; wcnp; world
• The Convoluted Nature of the African Ivory Trade: Possible Solutions for Curbing the Destructive Nature of Poaching and Promoting Elephant Conservation by Williams, Jonah M. (2016) - The international conservation organizations, however, failed to recognize the voice of the Sub-Saharan African nations who, for the most part, argued for legal ivory trade as a mechanism to generate revenue for conservation efforts which would support parks and their anti-poaching campaigns. Keywords: African elephant, conservation biology, ivory trade, post-imperialism, westernized conservation, Community Based Natural Resource Management Consilience 182 Author’s Note As a student and scholar, I am personally very interested in ecological and geographical issues revolving around the conservation of diverse flora and fauna. Keywords: african; conservation; elephant; ivory; ivory trade; nations; poaching; trade; world
• Thirsty for Change: Considering Water Privatization in Developing Countries by Ruben-Samala, Celene (2008) - Proponents of water privatization believe these challenges can in fact become lucrative business opportunities. What opportunities do water privatization projects actually present? Keywords: development; january; manila; privatization; public; sanitation; services; system; water; world
• The Race for Sustainable Development by Yeow, Daniel (2008) - Foremost among these are climate change, world poverty, and the many forces which are inextricably linked to these such as population growth, economic development, and the spread of technology. Climate shocks have a long and well- documented history of precipitating social upheaval and have already been found to be an important factor in several current world conflicts. Keywords: globalization; information; way; world
• Rocinha: Twenty-nine years of witnessing contrasts – Photo Essay by Lima, Leandro (2012) - This paper explores the factors affecting service delivery in SSA and compares public services provision to private sector service delivery, as well as the impact of both on development. The current state of public sector services and the push towards privatisation through public-private partnerships will then be evaluated, prior to briefly touching on other factors affecting delivery and my conclusions. Keywords: africa; bank; d.c; delivery; development; infrastructure; public; sanitation; sector; service; washington; water; world
• Countertopographies of Agriculture Gender, Food Production, and Development in a Globalizing World by Mullaney, Emma Gaalaas (2012) - A geographic framework may be more suitable to recognize and address the disempowerment of rural women in a globalizing world. . At stake in the countertopography presented here is the process of agricultural globalization, and its impact on the empowerment of rural women around the world. Keywords: 2004; agricultural; central; costa; cultivation; development; farm; food; gender; labor; rica; sudan; united; women; work; world
• The Extraterritoriality Nexus: Manifestation of Extraterritoriality as Natural Phenomenon in Urban Context by Fessel, Melanie (2013) - Nexus on Extraterritoriality to Challenge a Discourse on Post-Sustainability One catalyst to reimagine the good city is based on the establishment of a patently new field that trumps the outmoded agenda of urban design. Kevin Lynch originally conceived urban design as “City Design” in the late 1950’s at MIT.4 Keywords: architecture; cities; city; extraterritoriality; new; nuclear; world; york; zones
• Was the Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) a Success? by Isar, Sarajuddin (2013) - The debt relief of HIPC initiative has cost its creditors an estimated amount of US$75 billion in 2010 present value terms (IMF, 2011, p. 2–5). 146-154 Roy S. (2000), Globalization, Debt Relief and Poverty Reduction: Concepts and Policies, Paper Based on the First Millennium Lecture/Seminar of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London University, available at http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0708/DOC8359.pdf Sachs J.D. (2000), The Charade of Debt Sustainability – The World Bank and IMF Fail the World’s…, Financial Times, 26 September, Spratt S. (2007), External Debt and the Millennium Development Goals: A New Sustainable Framework, Expert Paper commissioned by United Nations Development Program (UNDP) http://www.unu.edu/hq/library/new_arrival/..%5CCollection%5CPDF_files%5CWIDER%5CWIDERdp2001.100.pdf http://www.unu.edu/hq/library/new_arrival/..%5CCollection%5CPDF_files%5CWIDER%5CWIDERdp2001.100.pdf http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/118955759/PDFSTART http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/118955759/PDFSTART http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/hipc.htm http://www.sti.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Pdfs/swap/swap177.pdf http://www.springerlink.com/content/g421713662313321/fulltext.pdf http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0708/DOC8359.pdf Consilience Isar: HIPC Success Spratt S. (2009), Development Finance: Debates, Dogmas and New Directions, Routledge, ch. 6-7 Teunissen J.J. and Akkerman A. (2004), HIPC Debt Relief: Myths and Reality, (ed.), FONDAD Trotsenburg A.V. and MacArthur A. (1999), The HIPC Initiative: Delivering Debt Relief to Poor Countries, IMF and World Bank, available at http://www.imf.org/external/np/hipc/art0299.pdf United Nations, (1999), Finding Solutions to the Debt Problems of Developing Countries, Report of the Executive Committee on Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations, UN, available at http://www.eclac.org/publicaciones/xml/6/4306/lcl1230i.pdf United Nations, (2005), The Millennium Development Goals Report 2005: Keywords: bank; countries; debt; development; hipc; imf; initiative; point; relief; world
• Effects of Hypothetical Iranian Accession to WTO on Iran’s Flower Industry Development: Industry Opinions by Riasi, Arash; Aghdaie, Seyed Fathollah Amiri (2013) - Iran accession to WTO and its effects on textile industries. The biggest foreign customers of Iranian flowers are the United Arab Emirates, the Netherlands, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Turkmenistan, China, Japan, and Vietnam. Keywords: accession; export; flower; industry; international; iran; iranian; marketing; world; wto
• Gender and Development: The Challenge of Mainstream by Nilsson, Patricia (2013) - The Dangers of Treating Women as a Homogenous Group The term “sisterhood” appears frequently in feminist discourse as a signifier of the unification of women for a common cause. Women have a higher rate of return to education than men (Psacharapoulos and Patrinos, 2004), and studies show that gender-based violence decreases with the education of women (See figure 1: DHS, 2005, as cited in Simister, 2011). Keywords: development; education; gender; kabeer; policy; women; world
• The Return of Large Dams to the Development Agenda: A Post-Development Critique by Pearse-Smith, Scott W.D. (2014) - Each of these biases is illustrated in reference to the Mekong River Basin’s experience with large dam development. The arguments presented are illustrated in reference to the Mekong River Basin’s experience with large dam development. Keywords: basin; dams; development; hydropower; mekong; projects; river; world
• Large-Scale Land Acquisitions by Foreign Investors in West Africa: Learning Points by Onoja, Anthony O; Achike, Anthonia I (2015) - Farming Matters noted that, in Africa, large tracts of agricultural land are being bought or leased by foreign investors for far below-market prices (2011). Response indicators show that the value of agricultural production per hectare of agricultural land is highest in South Asia, at I$ 720.6, while Sub-Saharan Africa trailed behind, globally ranking lowest with a value of I$ 71.8. Keywords: achike; acquisitions; africa; countries; development; fao; food; investment; investors; land; nigeria; scale; scale land; water; west; world
• Examining the Validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve by Karsch, Nicole Marie (2019) - UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Consilience Karsch: Environmental Kuznets Curve environmental sustainability. UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Consilience Karsch: Environmental Kuznets Curve Keywords: countries; country; curve; development; economic; ekc; emissions; environmental; growth; iceland; income; kuznets; use; utc; world
• COVID-19 and Multilateralism by Sachs, Jeffrey (2020) - All of this means that we must redouble our efforts to choose a path out of this crisis built on public health, sustainable development, and most importantly, the View Journal | View Issue COVID-19 and MultilateralismCOVID-19 and Multilateralism Jeffrey D. Sachs Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States ABSTRACT: The United States was by far the world’s largest economy in the Interwar period, but America was not yet prepared for global leadership. Keywords: america; china; global; states; u.s; united; united states; world
• Universal Development Goals for This Millennium by Lempert, David (2014) - The author has worked through the details of codifying the principles of international development in a recent peer review article (Lempert, 2014) as one of a series of steps that are codifying international development law in a treatise. For community development, one can consider personal and community. Keywords: community; cultures; development; development goals; goals; human; international; iss; journal; lempert; mdgs; principles; rights; vol; war; world
• A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting by Cain, Nicholas (2014) - Despite these positives, there are some potential environmental risks, especially in rural areas where large-scale adoption of water harvesting for agriculture could reduce environmental flows.28 25 Lantagne, 2005 26 Awulachew, 2005 27 Gupta and Deshpanade, 2004 28 Gould, 1999 155 Consilience   Climate change also presents a challenge to rainwater harvesting. In Mumbai, India's most populous city, the Rainwater Club is educating residents of all income levels about the benefits of rainwater harvesting and the nuts- and-bolts issues of how to create a system.17 The city and the state of Gujarat have recently passed laws to mandate the installation of rainwater harvesting infrastructure in new construction. Keywords: approach; communities; harvesting; projects; rainwater; rainwater harvesting; scale; systems; world
• North-South Imbalances in the International Trade Regime: Why the WTO Does Not Benefit Developing Countries as Much as it Could by Bernhardt, Thomas (2014) - 16 Examples include the Agreement on Agriculture (which required developed countries to cut their tariffs by 36% over six years whereas developing countries were given 10 years to lower their tariffs by only 24% while LDCs were exempted from tariff reductions altogether), the TRIPS Agreement (which gave industrial countries one year to implement its provisions, but developing countries five and LDCs eleven years), and the Agreement on SCM (which has implementation provisions similar to TRIPS). Consequently, after the implementation of Uruguay Round commitments, trade-weighted developed-country tariffs against imports from developing countries are on average more than four times higher than against goods produced by other developed countries (3.4% vs. 0.8%) (Hertel/Martin 2000: 464). Keywords: access; countries; development; economic; international; negotiations; north; round; south; subsidies; tariff; trade; world; wto

• An Exploration of the Gender-Migration-Development Nexus: The Impact of Labor Migration on Women’s Empowerment by Bachan, Anna (2018) - Though not often center stage of migration policy and debate, migrant women have become powerful agents of change as well key actors in influencing social and economic development in their countries of origin. I even had the opportunity to contribute to migration related projects with local NGO’s, including in organizing an entrepreneurship workshop for returning migrant women. Keywords: communication; countries; development; female; gender; government; ibid; international; labor; labor migration; migrant; migration; nations; remittances; return; senegal; senegalese; united; web; women
• Examining the Efficacy of Fair Trade Eco-Labeling on Environmental Sustainability and Human Rights in Developing Countries by Overbeek, Ashley (2015) - Inherently, alternative consumption subscribes to neo- liberal systems and capitalistic culture, yet given we all must consume and alternative consumption captures a large audience and corporations with considerable purchasing power, Fair Trade certification and alternative consumption may be an effective means of consumptive change within the system. 7. Conclusion The most difficult aspect surrounding the efficacy of Fair Trade certification on environmental sustainability and human rights in developing countries is the variability between different countries, sizes and locations of farming co-operatives, and the crops being produced. Keywords: alternative; certification; coffee; consumers; consumption; countries; efficacy; global; market; north; producers; trade
• Accounting for Threats to Sustainable Development: An Indicator for Holding NGOs and International Organizations Accountable to Creating the Context for Sustainable Development by Lempert, David Howard; Nguyen, Hue Nhu (2017) - In the next sub-section, we begin to generate a list of these new risks to sustainable development before considering how to incorporate them into global disaster risk management systems that can offer the “insurance” to protect resources of countries and communities so that they may then move to plan for sustainable development. Theoretical Context Expanding and strengthening the approach to sustainable development by communities and countries and development agencies requires placing the concepts of disaster risk management and systems for supporting disaster risk management functions within the context of sustainable development and within the context of government functions. Keywords: countries; cultures; development; disaster; disaster risk; human; lempert; management; nguyen; points; resources; risk; sustainability; system; threats
• Biotechnology for Global Health: Solutions for the Developing World by Chin, Curtis D. (2008) - 5 Daar, A.S., et al., Top ten biotechnologies for improving health in developing countries. Daar, A.S., et al., Top ten biotechnologies for improving health in developing countries. Keywords: biotechnology; chip; cost; countries; delivery; february; health; lab; microfluidic; vaccines; vol
• An Institutional Analysis of the Resource Curse in Africa: Lessons for Ghana by King, Richard (2009) - Nevertheless, the extent of economic inequality is apparent to any observer in the major cities of both countries where the expensive houses and cars of the rich 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Ghana Gabon Angola Figure 1: Country Rankings for GDP per capita and HDI GDP per capita The experience of oil producing countries in Africa has largely been a negative one, with development indicators suffering as a resource curse takes effect. Keywords: angola; countries; curse; development; gabon; ghana; government; king; oil; page; resource; society; state
• Towards Sustainable Wastewater Reuse in the Middle East and North Africa by Abu-Madi, Maher; Al-Sa'ed, Rashed (2009) - These efforts have been undermined by the lack of vision towards integration of wastewater reuse within water resources management. Thus, to maximize the contribution of wastewater reuse to the total water availability, the generated wastewater needs to be collected, treated, and used: three “pillars” of wastewater utilization. Keywords: collection; countries; irrigation; reuse; treatment; wastewater; wastewater reuse; wri
• Export Composition and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Panel Analysis by Bbaale, Edward; Mutenyo, John (2011) - Additionally, Verdoorn (1949) dwells on the argument that export growth may generate specialization in the production of export commodities. Some authors Consilience Bbaale and Mutenyo: Export Composition adduce evidence supporting the fact that export growth precedes economic growth hence giving a stance to the export-led-growth (ELG) hypothesis (Arnade et al., 1995; Fosu 1996; Thornton 1996). Keywords: capital; countries; country; development; economic; effect; enhancing; exports; gdp; goods; growth; imports; increase; knowledge; productivity
• Challenges and Opportunities of Waste Collection in Caracas: Sucre Municipality Case Study by Ramos, Camille; Vicentini, Adriana; Ortega, Daniela (2012) - Additionally, Verdoorn (1949) dwells on the argument that export growth may generate specialization in the production of export commodities. Some authors Consilience Bbaale and Mutenyo: Export Composition adduce evidence supporting the fact that export growth precedes economic growth hence giving a stance to the export-led-growth (ELG) hypothesis (Arnade et al., 1995; Fosu 1996; Thornton 1996). Keywords: capital; countries; country; development; economic; effect; enhancing; exports; gdp; goods; growth; imports; increase; knowledge; productivity
• Sustaining Standard of Living Amidst Volatile Oil Prices – Lessons from the Gulf Countries by Al Sabah, Khaleefah Jabar; Palliam, Ralph; Salem, Athmar Al (2016) - In addressing the impact of oil prices on the Indian economy, Aparna (2014) argues that an understanding of the peculiar nature of oil trade, the nature of price determination, and the uncharacteristic application of supply and demand are necessary prerequisites to explain the events that trigger major political reactions worldwide. In analyzing the consequences of oil price volatility on energy security, Bordoff and Stock (2014) contend that there is an arguably urgent need to address the concerns associated with major swings in oil prices, and furthermore it is necessary to identify those individual countries that are responsible for the staggering collapse. Keywords: countries; economic; economy; gdp; growth; gulf; inflation; living; oil; oil prices; price; standard; study
• Strategies to Promote the International Private Sector’s Contribution to Global Health Beyond an “Established” Community by Koshiba, Michikazu (2019) - If we re-map the contributors working on global health issues and establish another index for related industries, estimates of global health investment also shift. Of course, this is not the only approach that could encourage more engagement from private sector on global health issues; however, a holistic new framework would encompass many new industries and introduce new interest in global health investment. Keywords: countries; development; esg; global; health; index; industries; investment; issues; procurement; products; use; 〇 △; 〇 〇
• Reuse of Human Excreta in Developing Countries: Agricultural Fertilization Optimization by Sugihara, Risa (2020) - Improper fecal management results not only in water pollution but also the transmission of infectious diseases through person- to-person interaction, water, and food due to pathogens found in human excreta. Although many efforts have been made to remedy this issue, illegal dumping of human excreta still persists, and there is still a lack of adequate and safe disposal of human excreta into the environment which prevents developing nations from attaining proper fecal sludge management (Goal 6 Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, 2019). Keywords: countries; excreta; fertilizer; food; human; journal; management; sanitation; sludge; use; waste
• America’s Other Growth Rate: What the U.S. Obesity Epidemic and Healthcare Cost Crisis Mean for the Rest of the World by Dhillon, Ranu (2014) - This content downloaded from �������������24.184.95.106 on Wed, 06 Jan 2021 20:06:57 UTC������������� All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Consilience Dhillon: America’s Other Growth Rate     159   While prospects for American economic growth appear thin, the U.S. obesity epidemic continues to grow. This content downloaded from �������������24.184.95.106 on Wed, 06 Jan 2021 20:06:57 UTC������������� All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Keywords: american; countries; food; growth; health; healthcare; new; obesity; u.s; use; utc �; � �

• Discourses of the Alberta Oil Sands: What Key Stakeholders Really Think About Sustainability by Sutton, Matt (2017) - Alberta oil sands industry quarterly update. Keywords: sustainability, sustainable development, oil sands, stakeholders Consilience Sutton: Stakeholders and the Alberta Oil Sands I. Introduction The third largest oil reserve in the world after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, the Alberta oil sands hold 170 out of Canada’s 173 billion barrels of oil reserves, 168 billion of which are recoverable from bitumen (Government of Alberta, 2016). Keywords: alberta; development; government; industry; media; oil; oil sands; sands; stakeholders; sustainability; term
• Agricultural Budgetary Allocation and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Implications for Agricultural Transformation in Nigeria by Oyinbo, Oyakhilomen; Zakari, Abdulsalam; Rekwot, Grace Zibah (2013) - Review of Empirical Studies on Government Expenditure and Economic Growth Several cross-country (Ghura, 1995., Devarajan et al., 1996., Guseh, 1997., Kelly, 1997., Alexious, 2009) and country-specific (Knoop, 1999., Alexiou, 2007, Irmen and Kuehnel, 2008., Hussain, 2011, Dandan, 2011) studies have been carried out across the globe to examine the relationship between government expenditure 18 Consilience and economic growth, but their data periods, methodologies and findings differ from some studies indicating that government expenditure has a negative impact on economic growth and others positing that government expenditure has a positive impact on economic growth. Abstract The objective of this paper is to investigate the link between agricultural budgetary allocation and economic growth in Nigeria from an econometric perspective. Keywords: agriculture; economics; expenditure; government; growth; nigeria; relationship; term; variables
• The Botswana Bushmen’s Fight for Water & Land Rights in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve by Winters, Olivia Jane (2015) - In recent years, due to claims from the Botswana government that the Bushmen needed to ‘develop’, extreme efforts have been made to force the Bushmen from the reserve originally allotted to them in the 1960s. The Bushmen in particular are an incredible example of the endurance of mankind in the most trying of environments. Keywords: botswana; bushmen; ckgr; cook; development; gob; government; human; land; reserve; rights; sarkin; water
• Social Responses to Environmental Degradation in Northwest Rural China by Leung, A.; O'Donnell, E.; Moore, S.; Travis, H. (2009) - Sustainable Futures in Rural China This research offers a number of suggestions for the development of a sustainable future in rural China. From this brief survey of major recent literature on rural China, it becomes apparent that most studies have taken a state/institution-first approach in analyzing various rural and environment-related issues, primarily because the state has so thoroughly penetrated society under communist rule. Keywords: analysis; china; chinese; correlation; development; environmental; farming; government; impact; information; leung; moore; o’donnell; respondents; rural; travis; village; women
• Evaluation of the NZAID Project by Freeman, Scarlet Lopez; Lee, Seung Bok; Ngo, Katrina; Vasudevan, Veena; Wu, Diana (2009) - As mentioned, the “Institutionalizing Integrated Community-based Watershed Management” project is managed as part of the broader IIRR BICOL Program. Community-Managed Projects: With IIRR’s guidance, Watershed Networks have initiated a number of community projects. Keywords: activities; barangay; bicol; bicol program; communities; community; development; evaluation; field; government; iirr; information; lagonoy; lagosan; level; local; management; maquiwasa; members; networks; opportunities; philippines; program; projects; region; rural; staff; stakeholders; team; watershed
• Enhancing the Implementation of Sustainable Development in Nigeria through Legal Strategies by Jerome, Orji Uchenna (2012) - This article suggests legal routes for supporting Nigerian sustainable development, including the establishment of a constitutional right to sustainable development alongside intergenerational rights; public interest litigation; and the recognition of the public trust doctrine and budget analysis. As such, the inclusion of measures to ensure the continuity of sustainable development policies is necessary. Keywords: citizens; constitution; court; development; environmental; government; information; law; nigeria; rights; state
• A Comparative Study on Payment Schemes For Watershed Services in New York City and Beijing by Lin, Fanyuan (2014) - Overview of Beijing Watershed Program Consilience Lin: Payment for Watershed Services China is a water stressed country with per capita water resources less than a third of the world average (FAO 2003). Recommendations This paper only discusses two cases of watershed PES programs, but some lessons can be drawn from the comparison and be potentially applied to other localities where a watershed PES program is being considered. Keywords: beijing; city; government; new; pes; program; protection; services; watershed; york
• A Comparative Analysis of Productivities in Shellfish Collection in Oil Spill and Non-Oil Spill Communities of River State, Nigeria by Ndubueze-Ogaraku, Mercy Ebere; Onoja, Anthony; Monsi, Blessing (2016) - Table 2: cost and returns of shellfish collection in oil spill community in Gokana Local Government Area Items Amount in Naira (N) Cost of Labor 35,800 Cost of Transportation 7,008.00 Packaging Materials 539.08 Miscellaneous Expenses 4,696.00 Total variable cost 48,043.08 Revenue Periwinkle 78600.1 Consilience Ndubueze-Ogaraku: Comparative Productivities of Shellfish Collection Dog-winkle 182,485.74 Total revenue from Periwinkle and Dog- winkle 182,485.74 GROSS MARGIN 134,442.66 Total Fixed Costs 3,074.50 Total Cost 51,117.58 NET PROFIT 131,368.16 Field survey, 2013 The alternative hypothesis that the mean profit from non-oil spill community was higher than the mean profit from oil spill community was accepted. Keywords: area; collection; community; cost; government; nigeria; oil; profit; shellfish; spill
• Smallholder Agriculture Production in Zimbabwe: A Survey by Mutami, Cephas (2015) - On the effectiveness of each scheme, the subsidized voucher input scheme (AIS) by the government in the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 agricultural seasons was highly regarded, especially by small scale communal farmers. This crop mix of communal farmers has a direct impact on poverty alleviation and rural development for smallholder farmers in communal areas. Keywords: agriculture; areas; crop; development; entitlement; farmers; government; households; inputs; production; scale; scheme; smallholder; smallholder agriculture; study; zimbabwe

• Entrusting the Future of Rural Society through Nurturing Civic Pride: Endeavors in Gojome Town, Akita Prefecture of Japan by Kusakari, Yasuko; Chiu, Dominique; Muasa, Lillian; Takahashi, Kyoko; Kudo, Shogo (2018) - Based on our learning in Gojome town we conclude that, in the wake of rural depopulation, nurturing “civic pride” could potentially contribute to rural sustainability through entrusting the future of rural society to next generations. Inspired by the endeavors of Gojome locals, we hope our findings will further support the future of rural sustainability in various regions around the world. Keywords: akita; depopulation; future; gojome; japan; pride; sustainability; town
• Sustainability and Contemporary Man-Nature Divide: Aspects of Conflict and Alienation by El-Kamel Bakari, Mohamed (2015) - Keywords: Sustainability, sustainable development, consumerism, man- nature divide, alienation, ecologism. Introduction Engendering a radically different vision of development, nature, and society, sustainable development emerged as a real challenge to the current socio-economic paradigm of growth based mainly on neoliberal capitalism. Keywords: capitalism; consumption; contemporary; development; divide; environment; global; globalization; growth; man; nature; nature divide; new; society; sustainability
• Promotion vs. Education in Choosing “Real Food” by Cachelin, Adrienne; Schott, Willem (2017) - To address this question, we collected data regarding the factors that motivate student food choice, and students’ perceived self-effiacacy toward systemic change. Given the Consilience 186 increasing interest in Real Food on college campuses, and the importance of student food choice in the food movement overall, this data may have a significant impact on the Real Food Movement and beyond. Keywords: behavior; choice; education; factors; food; marketing; participants; students; sustainability
• Sustainable Cities and the Internet of Things (IOT) Technology: IOT technology improves the development of smart cities’ infrastructures and reduces over-population stresses by Drepaul, Nicole (2020) - The definition of IOT technology has been re-written and conceptualized by various scholars. According to Haller, IOT technology is “a world where physical objects are seamlessly integrated into the information networks, and where the physical objects can become active participants in the business process” (Zhang, 2014, pp.1). Keywords: cities; cloud; computing; data; development; environmental; information; iot; iot technology; journal; sector; sustainability; system; technology; urban; waste

• Motivators and Hindrances of Consuming Reusable Water Bottles: An Exploratory Case Study at Columbia University by Yoo, Jung Ha (2025) - The primary focus was on how students used reusable water bottles in public spaces, including: ● Usage Patterns: Noting the frequency of reusable water bottle usage among students in the libraries. Choosing reusable water bottles over single-use plastics is a pro-environmental behavior that can reduce plastic production and waste. Keywords: bottles; columbia; environmental; plastic; students; tap; tap water; university; use; water; water bottles
• Performance of Low-Quality Concrete as Recycled Aggregate by Chang, Hubert; Morgan, Ryan; Aziz, Umed; Herfellner, Simon; Ho, Kenneth (2013) - Another noteworthy phenomenon is the indication that tensile strength of RCA concrete suffers more detrimental effects than compressive strength. Whereas most of the compression test specimens surpassed 4000 psi in compression and were comparable to the control sample, none of the tensile tests reached the threshold of virgin aggregate concrete strengths. Keywords: aggregate; cement; concrete; mixing; quality; ratio; rca; strength; tensile; water
• Sustainable Hazard Mitigation: Exploring the Importance of Green Infrastructure in Building Disaster Resilient Communities by Tyler, Jenna (2016) - In light of the devastation caused by these events and others, there is a need for communities to adopt sustainable hazard mitigation measures to build disaster resilient communities. Recommendations Implementing sustainable hazard mitigation measures presents significant challenges to the public sector. Keywords: communities; disaster; environment; green; hazard; hazard mitigation; infrastructure; measures; mitigation; water
• The Role of Regional Institutions in Sustainable Development: A Review of the Mekong River Commission First 15 Years by Ha, Mai-Lan (2011) - Public Participation in the Context of the MRC. Retrieved March 15, 2010, from Mekong River Commission: http://www.mrcmekong.org/download/programmes/Public_Participation _Mrc_context.pdf Mekong Water Resources Assistance Strategy: As development organizations, such as the ADB, promote public-private partnerships, private entities play an increasing role in determining development projects. Keywords: basin; commission; development; mekong; mekong river; mrc; organization; projects; public; river; role; water
• Safe Drinking Water in Kuna Yala: Field Notes from Panama by Halperin, Michael (2008) - This story chronicles a two-year process of considering, rejecting, and finally developing the most workable solution for safe water: solar water purification. Months later Melvin and I learned of the possibility of solar water purification. Keywords: melvin; tank; ustupu; water
• India, Water and Sustainable Development by Bachhuber, Daniel (2009) - Keywords: India, Ganges, Water Supply Bachhuber 3 India, Water and Sustainable Development Introduction In February 2008, I took a break from academic studies for three months of real-life study: trying to understand India's cultural, social and religious constraints to clean water access. Bachhuber 2 Author’s Note India faces tremendous developmental challenges, both in water and other sectors, in the next couple of decades. Keywords: bachhuber; february; india; water
• Looking At A New Strategy to Save the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta by Fredenburg, Julia; Fredenburg, Robert (2012) - Exploring The Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta System The Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta is the heart of California’s water source, an 837,594-acre area where the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers join before entering the San Francisco Bay and then the Pacific Ocean at the Golden Gate Bridge. The Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) is the heart of California’s water source and the center of the transfer system. Keywords: california; delta; joaquin; sacramento; san; water
• Striving Towards a Sustainable Solution: Water and Community in Veron, Dominican Republic by Bower, Erica (2012) - This photo essay seeks to outline an example of such circumstances in Domingo Maiz, shed light on the potential for a sustainable solution, and embody the cultural beauty of the local community. Nowhere is this disparity more evident than in Domingo Maiz, Veron, a neighborhood community just 9 miles inland from Punta Cana resort area. Keywords: community; domingo; photo; water
• Exploring the Source of Green Gold by Smith, Ida Dokk (2012) - Exploring The Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta System The Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta is the heart of California’s water source, an 837,594-acre area where the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers join before entering the San Francisco Bay and then the Pacific Ocean at the Golden Gate Bridge. The Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) is the heart of California’s water source and the center of the transfer system. Keywords: california; delta; joaquin; sacramento; san; water
• The Impact of Continued Mekong Basin Hydropower Development on Local Livelihoods by Pearse-Smith, Scott William David (2012) - This photo essay seeks to outline an example of such circumstances in Domingo Maiz, shed light on the potential for a sustainable solution, and embody the cultural beauty of the local community. Nowhere is this disparity more evident than in Domingo Maiz, Veron, a neighborhood community just 9 miles inland from Punta Cana resort area. Keywords: community; domingo; photo; water
• Sustainable Development in Rural Ghana by Armstrong, Mira (2013) - Steve Forbes, right, has been working in Obodan with his NGO SuDeX (Sustainable Development Extension Services) and as a mentor for EWB Columbia students. Obodan would have more difficulty addressing their sanitation needs without the skills and resources of EWB Columbia engineers, and EWB Columbia engineers could not have built any latrines without the guidance and local knowledge of Sammy and Steve. Keywords: columbia; ewb; ghana; obodan; water
• Environmental Challenges Facing a Growing City: Sunyani Case Study by Anane, Edward Twum (2013) - Figure 4: Polluted city water body. City authorities must therefore pay attention to the infrastructural needs of these flood risk areas if future disaster is to be averted. Keywords: areas; city; ghana; sunyani; waste; water

• Phosphorus Impacts from Meat-, Dairy-, and Plant-Based Diets by Schroeder, Jon (2018) - A comparative life cycle assessment of plant-based foods and meat foods. An additional postulation was that the procedure modeled meat items within the context of either Netherlands or Ireland. Keywords: diet; fao; food; kilograms; meat; phosphorus; plant; simapro; stat; study; use
• Performance Analysis of Off-Street Parking around the Central Business District of Akure Southwest Nigeria by Oyedepo, Joseph (2016) - They also recommended the use of benefit districts, where parking areas are shared within neighbourhoods, not only for maximizing the use of parking, but also in improving the efficiency of land use. On-street parking constitutes one major problem that makes the traffic situation chaotic in Nigerian cities. Keywords: akure; development; nigeria; parking; street; traffic; transportation; urban; use
• Indigenous Ecological Knowledge and Pastoralist Perception on Rangeland Management and Degradation in Guji Zone of South Ethiopia by Abate, Teshome (2016) - Possible cause of rangeland degradation in Guji zone of south Ethiopia (n=211) Causes Wadera % Gorodola % Liban % Mean % Recurrent drought 47.3[1] 36.7[1] 35.0[3] 40.8[1] Shift to crop land 23.1[2] 56.7[3] 41.7[1] 37.9[3] Overgrazing 26.4[4] 46.7[6] 36.7[5] 12.8[4] Settlement 23.0[6] 30.0[4] 46.7[2] 12.8[6] Population pressure 25.3[3] 48.3[2] 53.3[4] 22.3[2] Bush encroachment 38.5[5] 56.7[5] 41.7[6] 34.1[5] Lack of burning 23.1[7] 36.7[7] 45.0[8] 19.0[8] Poor soil status 3.3[8] 16.7[8] 46.7[7] 17.1[7] Limited knowledge of rangeland management 14.3[9] 68.3[9] 43.3[9] 37.9[9] Reduced livestock mobility 6.6[10] 13.3[10] 10[10] 9.5[10] Number in bracket shows ranking order Table 9. Possible impact of rangeland degradation in Guji zone of south Ethiopia (n=211) Impact of land degradation Wadera % Gorodola % Liban % Mean % Poor livestock output and holding 88 81.7 100.0 93.4 Soil deterioration 88 91.7 95.0 94.8 Decline of biodiversity 82 80.0 81.7 84.8 Deforestation 87.9 100.0 75.0 82.9 Increase income diversification (Petty trade, sale of charcoal an fire wood 96.7 81.7 83.3 88.6 Introduce and use of camel 82.0 80.0 76.7 80. Keywords: borana; bush; communities; degradation; ethiopia; grazing; guji; knowledge; livestock; management; oba; pastoralists; rangeland; respondents; study; system; use; zone
• Female Education, Contraceptive Use, and Fertility: Evidence from Uganda by Bbaale, Edward; Mpuga, Paul (2011) - However, huge challenges remain in ensuring gender parity in secondary education, reducing infant and child mortality, and improving maternal health. Secondary education increases the probability of using contraceptives in the range of 14-17%, and post-secondary education increases the probability to the range 16-20% 4 Keywords: age; children; contraceptives; education; family; fertility; health; method; planning; region; uganda; use; women; years
• The Mysterious Bloom by Boehr, Rachel (2012) - However, huge challenges remain in ensuring gender parity in secondary education, reducing infant and child mortality, and improving maternal health. Secondary education increases the probability of using contraceptives in the range of 14-17%, and post-secondary education increases the probability to the range 16-20% 4 Keywords: age; children; contraceptives; education; family; fertility; health; method; planning; region; uganda; use; women; years
• Community-based Knowledge of Indigenous Vegetation in Arid African Landscapes by Angassa, Ayana; Oba, Gufu; Stenseth, Nils Chr. (2012) - Regarding local ecological knowledge, we focus on three aspects: (a) knowledge and experiences of local people in the management and conservation of indigenous vegetation resources; (b) dependency of local livelihood systems on indigenous vegetation and socio-economic status, and (c) local perception of land degradation. Thus, local ecological knowledge of climate change must be integrated with the scientific approach in order to understand the causes and consequences of land degradation. Keywords: angassa; arid; degradation; grazing; herders; indicators; knowledge; land; landscapes; livestock; management; oba; resources; species; use; vegetation
• A Review of Economic Instruments Employed for Biodiversity Conservation by Ekpe, Edem Kodzo (2013) - Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development Vol. 9, Iss. 1 (2012), Pp. 16 – 32 A Review of Economic Instruments Employed for Biodiversity Conservation Edem Kodzo Ekpe Department of Biology University of Central Florida 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando Florida, USA email: edemekpe@knights.ucf.edu Abstract Globally, the use of economic instruments for biodiversity conservation has gained a lot of support. A major trend observed is the relatively low investments in economic instruments used for biodiversity conservation in developing countries, even though such countries tend to be rich in biodiversity. Keywords: biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; conservation; development; incentives; instruments; iucn; land; markets; resources; services; species; tax; use
• Social Media and Public Policy Process in Africa: Enhanced Policy Process in Digital Age by Oginni, Simon Oyewole; Moitui, Joash Ntenga (2015) - Thus, social media tools can also have an adverse effect: its use by state actors could lead to completely opposite outcomes called the “dyadic nature of social media.” Citizens’ engagement through social media lends policy process too much flexibility as indicated by the open space with dotted arrows (Figure 1). Keywords: africa; citizens; development; digital; engagement; governments; internet; media; online; policy; policy process; process; public; use
• When Nature Invades: Resident Perceptions of the Austerity-Driven “Re-Wilding” of an Urban Park in Rock Island, Illinois by Elliott, Christian (2021) - Basketball hoops dismantled in response to crime at Rock Island city park. Yet, while urban parks are being asked to provide these increasingly important services for cities, parks departments across the country are facing significant cuts to funding and staffing—investment in public space tends to be “disproportionately subject to tight fiscal pressures” (Dempsey & Burton 2012). Keywords: areas; basketball; cities; city; department; development; island; journal; lincoln; lincoln park; management; naturalization; nature; park; parks department; people; prairie; public; residents; rock; rock island; urban; use

• An Exploration of Community Health by Stancioff, Charlotte Eloise (2011) - To assess the accessibility of SUS health programs for remote populations, I lived in the Nova Suiça settlement, a part of the larger social movement, the Movimento Sem Terra (MST), or the Landless Workers Movement. In the Brazilian health system, the PSF is a relatively new development in community health. Keywords: brazil; care; clinic; community; health; land; medicine; mst; psf; rosa; settlement; settlers
• The African Millennium Villages by Sanchez, Pedro; Palm, Cheryl; Sachs, Jeffrey; Denning, Glenn; Flor, Rafael; Harawa, Rebbie; Jama, Bashir; Kiflemariam, Tsegazeab; Konecky, Bronwen; Kozar, Raffaela; Lelerai, Eliud; Malik, Alia; Mutuo, Patrick; Niang, Amadou; Okoth, Herine; Place, Frank; Sachs, Sonia Erlich; Said, Amir; Siriri, David; Teklehaimanot, Awash; Wang, Karen; Wangila, Justine; Zamba, Colleen (2008) - UN Millennium Project, Investing in development. UN Millennium Project, Halving Hunger - it can be done. Keywords: africa; crop; development; farmers; food; health; interventions; maize; malaria; millennium; mvp; poverty; project; sauri; scale; soil; villages; yields
• The Ethics of Physician Migration and Their Implications for the United States by Bohl, Daniel (2008) - Impending Physician Shortage The last major debate over physician shortages took place in the 1950s and 1960s. Both the American Medical Association (AMA) and the Association of American Medical Colleges have stated their belief that the previously feared surpluses are not likely to materialize17,18 and the Council on Graduate Medical Education (COGME) has reversed its stance entirely, declaring instead that physician shortages are imminent.19 The Response of Other Developed Nations Predictions of shortages are not unique to the situation in the United States. Keywords: association; health; medical; nations; physician; united; workforce
• Notes from the Millennium Villages Project by Bonds, Matt; Fraden, Max (2008) - Over time, our informal conversations led to a short household survey on ownership of a collection of household assets (i.e., table, bench, mattress, radio, etc.) that we used to determine eligibility for health insurance. We analyzed the data with a pattern recognition technique called principle components analysis, and correlated the results with previous ownership of health insurance. Keywords: development; february; health; millennium; mvp; people; poverty; rwanda; vol; year
• Images and Voices of Change: Engaging Local Community in Assessing Impact of Millennium Villages Project in their Lives in Sauri Village, Western Kenya by Nyasimi, Mary; Okang'a, Joseph (2009) - CHW also keep minimum records and information they discuss with Sauri people in notebooks and report back to the MVP health team (Photo and story by Paul Omondi, 2008). Community Health workers are doing excellent work sensitizing Sauri people about AIDs and everyone is openly talk about sexual behaviors and how we can change. Keywords: clinic; community; health; millennium; mvp; nyasimi; okang’a; people; project; sauri; village
• Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response in Uganda by Cummings, Matthew (2009) - Conclusion: VHTs and Community-Based Control of Communicable Diseases While communicable disease outbreaks have long presented an ongoing challenge in the developing world, within recent years the frequency of such outbreaks has risen sharply. It must be noted that in many cholera outbreaks, inadequate treatment is frequently found to be the basis behind an unusually high amount of fatalities. Keywords: cholera; disease; health; response; surveillance; uganda; vhts
• Health or Agricultural Development: Boundary Objects and Organizations in a Soya Project in Western Kenya by Lamb, Jennifer (2011) - While the Ministry of Agriculture in Kakamega had reported the Bukura project to be an example of significant success in soya bean processing in Western Kenya, a field visit revealed that the nearly year-old Vitagoat system was operated at a quarter of its daily capacity and was utilized actively by a sole soya farmer, who operated a mildly successful soya yoghurt business by selling door to door in the surrounding area. As one of the few crops to simultaneously answer to the demands of both fields, an analysis of soybeans (commonly known in the development context as soya beans) and their use in aid and development projects provides an interesting entry point into this boundary management discussion. Keywords: agriculture; aid; beans; boundary; card; development; farmers; food; health; kenya; local; nutrition; processing; production; project; soya; wfp
• High Dependency on Quacks – Is There a Gap in the Public Health Care Delivery System? Reflections from a District Located in the Thar Desert (India) by Singh, Alok Chauhan (2012) - It has been assessed in relation to socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the interviewees which exert significant influence on the utilization of health care facilities. The results recommend improving the availability and accessibility of health care facilities in the area under study. Keywords: area; care; facilities; health; phcs; quacks; respondents; study; table
• Legal and Sustainable Development Impacts of Major Oil Spills by Olawuyi, Damilola S (2013) - Oil spillages most times result in damage to residential and commercial properties located along the coastal zones and small islands offshore where major oil spills occur. This paper provides a summary of the legal and sustainable development principles at play where oil spills occur. Keywords: convention; delta; development; environmental; example; health; international; law; niger; oil; pollution; rights; spillage; spills

• Historic Preservation as a Tool for Sustainable Community Development by Ellis, S. Peyton (2019) - Perhaps the most pressing challenge is how to incentivize sustainable community development while maintaining local integrity. Although the fields of community development and historic preservation are independently successful, there is an increasing need for professionals from each field to collaborate for efficient urban development. Keywords: building; community; community development; developers; development; historic; new; online; pittsburgh; preservation; preservationists; sdg; urban
• The Art of Development: Images Promoting Dialogue and Alternatives to Poverty and Violence in Local Communities of Colombia by Rojas, Natali (2011) - Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development Vol. 5, Iss. 1 (2011), Pp. 190-200 The Art of Development Images Promoting Dialogue and Alternatives to Poverty and Violence in Local Communities of Colombia Natali Rojas Development and International Cooperation-Faculty of Social Sciences University of Jyvaskyla, Finland natalirojas07@gmail.com Abstract Sueños Films Colombia is a grassroots organization based in Ciudad Bolivar, southern Bogotá-Colombia. 192 Consilience 2. Ciudad Bolivar’s audiovisual revolution Sueños Films Colombia is a grassroots organization that has led an audiovisual ‘revolution’ in Ciudad Bolivar, Bogotá for over ten years. Keywords: bolivar; ciudad; colombia; community
• Towards Improving Sustainability in Nags Head, North Carolina Through Increasing Social Capital by Prescott, Nathalie (2011) - This report explores the disintegration of social capital in Nags Head, North Carolina over time and how improving the transfer of local knowledge in the town can help to generate sustainable growth in the future. 240–250 Towards Improving Sustainability in Nags Head, North Carolina Through Increasing Social Capital Nathalie Prescott Institute for the Environment University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, NC Prescott.nathalie@gmail.com Abstract Maintaining bodies of knowledge specific to coastal towns can be crucial to maintaining environmental sustainability. Keywords: beach; capital; community; development; head; information; knowledge; nags; residents; summer
• Male Circumcision Pilot Program in Lilongwe, Malawi by Jung, Jaehyun (2012) - The municipality wants to both improve garbage collection and the perception of the process. rg an ic w as te P ap e r/ ca rd b o a rd P la st ic s Te xt ile s G la ss M e ta ls D an ge ro u s m at e ri al s O th e r Comparison of the components found in garbage Sucre and Petare Sucre Petare 128 Consilience industry. Keywords: caracas; collection; community; containers; garbage; municipality; petare; recycling; sucre; venezuela; waste; waste collection
• Public Support for Sustainable Development: A Mile Wide, but How Deep? by Vasi, Ion Bogdan (2012) - While both sides agree that small farmers are selling their land to soy farmers and migrating to other farmsteads or to urban Santarém, there is disagreement over the extent of this displacement and the degree of smallholder volition. Of more than 9,000 farmers in the region, 400 are soy farmers, planting in 2010 an estimated 27,000 hectares – only 10% of total area in agriculture in Santarém (IBGE, 2010; Personal Communication, Cargill). Keywords: agriculture; amazon; cargill; communities; community; discourse; farmers; farming; land; production; region; rural; santarém; smallholders; soy; soy farmers; vulnerability
• An Impact Assessment Model for Web-Based Time Banks – A Thought-Experiment in the Operationalization of Social Capital by Moyer, Liz (2015) - Are levels of trust higher among time bank members than among members of the general community? Time banks hold particular interest to me because the model goes beyond offering an alternative system of currency, and provides a new framework for community interaction. Keywords: assessment; bank; capital; community; data; development; impact; members; model; moyer; network; participation; research; social; survey; time; time bank

• Land Grab and Institutional Legacy of Colonialism: The Case of Sudan by Zambakari, Dr. Christopher (2017) - Land and Power: The growing scandal surrounding the new wave of investments in land. Land and Power: The growing scandal surrounding the new wave of investments in land. Keywords: africa; communities; development; dispossession; land; south; state; sudan; zambakari
• Expendable Bodies: Examining the Connection Between Ecoracism and Embodied Toxicity to Advance Eco-Social Justice Activism by Shinall, Vivian (2021) - The speed at which toxic contamination occurs is in itself an obstacle to its visibility. In applying this concept to toxic contamination on the body, one can more clearly understand how a violence that takes place slowly and increases gradually may not capture the public’s attention. Keywords: bodies; ecoracism; environmental; kettleman; land; people; standing; sze; toxicity

• Lobster Houses as a Sustainable Fishing Alternative by Conrad, Katie; Danoff-Burg, James (2011) - However, one method, lobster houses, shows particular promise for alleviating these negative effects, but only under certain environmental and socioeconomic conditions and using the recommended management practices. However, one method, lobster houses, shows particular promise for reducing these negative effects, but only if certain conditions are met. Keywords: argus; bay; caribbean; fisheries; fishery; fishing; houses; lobster; lobster houses; management; regulations
• Sexual Divisions of Labor in Export-Oriented Manufacturing Sectors: The Reconstruction of Gender and the Urbanization of Production in the Global South by Pepper, Analee (2012) - The YMCA targeted the areas of implementation and focused on basic information about waste treatment and its links to environmental and public health. Water waste treatment plants sit idle as pollution problems mount. Keywords: development; environment; lebanon; management; municipalities; project; treatment; waste; wastewater; ymca
• The Coastal Zone Management Act: A Mixed Success by Garten, Lindsay (2016) - Consilience 10 living along coastal zones it expected to increase by 11 million over the next seven years, which will further stress surrounding ecosystems.50 Projections indicate that coastal zones will only face more stress in the coming years, which puts increased importance on coastal zone management. The ecosystem services that coastal zones provide will be compromised if we follow the current management path. Keywords: act; april; areas; coastal; management; national; pollution; states; zone; zone management

• Reducing Uncertainty: The Need to Clarify the Key Elements of the Precautionary Principle by Holdway, Aaron (2008) - Precautionary principle, precautionary practice: Lessons and insights. Between precautionary principle and ‘sound science’: Keywords: action; decision; environmental; international; level; making; policy; principle; risk; science
• How to Get Beyond the Zero-Sum Game Mentality between State and Non-State Actors in International Environmental Governance by Perez, Franz Xavier (2009) - International environmental governance is thus the international regime that has been developed to identify, address and solve environmental problems.12 International environmental governance is relatively young and dynamic. After a short discussion of the main functions and challenges of environmental governance the paper addresses the issue of stakeholder participation and the claim of “democratic deficits” in international environmental governance. Keywords: actors; csd; development; environmental; governance; international; law; ngos; participation; perrez; processes; stakeholder; state
• From Colonial Port to Post-Revolution: Urban Planning for 21st Century Havana – Photo Essay by Currie, Laura Peñaranda (2012) - Despite advances made in international environmental law over the last 40 years, progress in abating global greenhouse gas continues to be slow, and predictions about global average temperature increases remain disturbing. Some of the challenges facing the advancement of international environmental law can be largely attributed to inefficiencies associated with treaty congestion; however, there is a more fundamental reason why international environmental law remains ineffective. Keywords: conference; development; environmental; global; international; law; nations; protection

• Growth, Productivity, and Policy Instruments During the Lost Decade: A Replication of Beason and Weinstein (1996) for the Period 1992-1998 by Pinkovskiy, Maxim L. (2008) - Overall, the data is much more consistent with a theory of Japanese industrial policy as a product of political economy than industrial policy as a response to growth and productivity. Beason and Weinstein (1996) argue that such a view of Japanese industrial policy is mistaken; in particular, that 1) there is, if any, a negative association between Japanese sectoral productivity growth and the amount of targeting a sector receives, and 2) application of industrial policy tools is heavily skewed to politically influential sectors. Keywords: beason; growth; policy; productivity; sectors; tax; weinstein

• Disaggregated cost-benefit analysis incorporating ecosystem services and disservices: A case from SAI Sanctuary by Hounshell, Tyler (2016) - SAI Sanctuary, as an ecosystem, provides services in the surrounding areas for various stakeholders; however, the impact of ecosystem services from privately protected areas has not been thoroughly evaluated even though many cost-benefit analyses and ecosystem valuations have been conducted on federally protected areas. Opportunity costs were also included in the CBA because the Hounshell: Ecosystem services and disservices Consilience owners could convert SAI Sanctuary and its remnant forests to coffee-agroforests like the majority of other households in the surrounding area. Keywords: areas; benefits; biodiversity; carbon; conservation; costs; damages; ecosystem; sai; sanctuary; services; stakeholders; wildlife
• The Red Zone: Why Beijing’s Air Pollution Crisis is More Complicated than You Think by Schipani, Samantha (2014) - 76–81   The Red Zone: Why Beijing’s Air Pollution Crisis is More Complicated than You Think Samantha Schipani Columbia University email: ss4121@columbia.edu Keywords: Air pollution, China, urban development The air pollution crisis in Beijing is an immediately pressing issue, as particulate concentrations have reached unprecedented levels and photographs of a smog-filled city with masked citizens fill international news. But the issue of air pollution in Beijing is much more complicated than media often portrays. Keywords: air; beijing; carbon; china; emissions; pollution; urban

• Economic Survey of Oil Palm Products’ Processing and Marketing in Kogi State, Nigeria by Ojonimi Onoja, Anthony; Ogali, T. U. (2015) - Keywords: Oil palm, gross margin, oil palm processing and marketing. Majority of the farmers obtained their Fresh Fruit Bunches for processing from the village or open market (50%); oil palm processing and marketing is profitable business in the area with a gross margin of N603,320.00K (USD 4,695.10) and gross margin ratio of 2.72 from an average enterprise; problems identified in the enterprises included fluctuating prices, lack of basic infrastructure and inputs such as capital and processing machines. Keywords: agricultural; kogi; marketing; nigeria; oil; palm; processing; products; state; study
• Senior Editors’ Notes by Daniel Greenberg, Chikara Onda, Adriana Akers, Winston Christie-Blick, Madeline Dangerfield-Cha, (2009) - Acknowledging this lack of political will to address critical environmental issues on the international scale, Dr. Franz Perrez offers a unique and illuminating glimpse into the inner workings of international environmental governance, stressing the valuable role that non-state actors like non government organizations can play in international governance despite the limitations often put on their involvement. Given the capacity of non-state actors to supply expert knowledge on localized issues, assist in implementation of policies, increase the quality of environmental governance by influencing agenda-setting, and galvanize political will as public advocates for environmental reforms, Dr. Perrez is surely justified in claiming that NGOs ought not be overlooked as key allies in addressing critical and time-sensitive issues of global environmental degradation. Keywords: development; gender; governance; mainstreaming; note; program; state; university
• The Two-sector Economic Problem Of Persistent Organic Pollution and Baltic Sea Salmon Fisheries by Hutniczak, Barbara; Kronbak, Lone Grønbæk (2011) - Salmon fishery sector Polluting sector (7a) )/)(( )/)(()(' h xxF ∂•∂ ∂•∂+= π πβδ (7b) )/)()(1( )/)(()(' YU ppG ∂•∂− ∂•∂−−= β πβδ )/)()(1( )/)(()(' )/)(( )/)(()(' YU ppG h xxF ∂•∂− ∂•∂−−= ∂•∂ ∂•∂+= β πβ π πβδ (8) The right side of equation (7a) is defined as “resource internal rate of return” (Conrad, 1999) where the sum of the marginal net growth rate and marginal value of the stock with weight of the sector in relation to marginal value of harvest is equal to the discount rate. Data analysis to support the development of a Baltic Sea salmon action plan; Annex 1: Baltic Sea salmon fisheries and results of the socio-economic impact assessment. Keywords: baltic; dioxin; fisheries; fishery; function; harvest; level; model; pollution; rate; salmon; sea; sector; state; stock
• Econometric Analysis of Factors Influencing Fuel Wood Demand in Rural and Peri-Urban Farm Households of Kogi State by Onoja, Anthony O; Idoko, Ojochenemi (2012) - Abstract This study was designed to determine variables influencing fuelwood demand in rural areas of Kogi State. The most significant determinants of fuelwood demand in the study area are the price of fuelwood, kerosene’s price, household size and personal incomes of the household heads. Keywords: demand; development; economics; equation; fuelwood; household; kogi; model; nigeria; price; resources; state

• Situating Local Knowledge Within Development Agenda: Some Reflections by Dare, Kolawole, Oluwatoyin (2009) - Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development Kolawole: Situating local knowledge 2009: Issue 2, Scholarly Article No. 5 Situating local knowledge within development agenda: Some reflections Dr. Oluwatoyin Dare, Kolawole i E-mail: toyinkolawole@oauife.edu.ng or T.Kolawole@ids.ac.uk Or toyin_kolawole@yahoo.com mailto:toyinkolawole@oauife.edu.ng mailto:Kolawole@ids.ac.uk mailto:toyin_kolawole@yahoo.com 2 |Consilience Kolawole: Situating Keywords: development; grassroots; human; knowledge; knowledge systems; kolawole; paper; people; power; production; research; systems; university; way; |consilience
• Underdevelopment and Economic Theory of Growth: Case for Infant Industry Promotion by Zambakari, Christopher (2012) - We also started a photography club where people from different favelas come to learn photography. The settlers from Brazil’s northeastern region who came to live in Rocinha were known to be people who tried to improve their living conditions, even though they were in an unknown territory and had left their families behind. Keywords: people; rocinha

• Technical Efficiency-Food Security Nexus in Kaduna State, Nigeria: A Case Study of Poultry Egg Farmers by Oyakhilomen, Oyinbo (2015) - estimate the determinants of technical efficiency of poultry egg production in the study area; iii. estimate the food security status of poultry egg farmers in the study area; 3.2.1 Distribution of Technical Efficiency of Poultry Egg Farmers The distribution of poultry egg farmers technical efficiency presented in Table 3 shows that the majority (35.3%) of the respondents were operating at a technical efficiency of 0.0-1.0, with a mean technical efficiency level of 0.23%. Keywords: efficiency; egg; farmers; food; nigeria; poultry; production; security; study

• Sustainable Indigenous Orchards: An Agroforestry Project in the Colombian Amazon by Shigematsu, Jorge; Sadowski, Sylvia Garcia (2013) - Jorge Shigematsu, who had been involved in social work with indigenous communities in this region since 2007, witnessed how lands in the area were being subjected to indiscriminate tree cutting and light-burn agriculture resulting in land degradation, loss of biodiversity, food scarcity, and displacement of agricultural activities for illegal hunting and animal trafficking. Maikov Dumas had been developing and implementing similar agroforestry models with indigenous communities in Iquitos, Peru. Keywords: amazon; communities; figure; green; project

• Gender Marketing and the Consumption of Family Planning Methods by Afobunor, Aforfem; Oyatoye, E. O; Mojekwu, J. N; Adebiyi, S. O (2023) - We hypothesize that masculinization of birth control marketing induces consumption in men. 1.5 Research Hypothesis H0: masculinization of birth control marketing induces consumption in men 1.6 Significance of the study There has been little research done on how vasectomy and other more effective birth control techniques for men can be reinforced in Nigeria to increase family planning. Keywords: birth; birth control; consumption; contraception; control; et al; family; gender; male; marketing; men; planning; research; respondents; study; women
• GAD and Gender Mainstreaming: A Pathway to Sustainable Development? by Brenner, Alletta (2009) - Using the emancipation of Afghan women as a means of justifying the war,22 the Bush Administration began to insist “the Brenner 7 fight against terrorism is also a fight for the rights and dignity of women. As one NGO worker has noted: “In 2001, after the fall of the Taliban, improving the rights of Afghan women was at the top of the international agenda; [Now], despite many well-intentioned programs for women, women’s human rights appears to be more of an afterthought. Keywords: afghanistan; aid; approach; brenner; development; gad; gender; gender mainstreaming; human; international; mainstreaming; new; politics; rights; women
• Public-Private Dichotomy in Utilization of Health Care Services in India by Kumar, Chandan; Prakash, Ravi (2011) - The real victims of this unregulated spread of private health services in India are the poor, who need better and cheaper services but are not able to afford high priced private health care. People, especially women—the focal point of country’s reproductive and child health care services—switch over to private health services once they get their first treatment in public care. Keywords: areas; care services; child health; health care; health services; india; percent; public; sources; states; treatment; utilization; women
• Impact of Poverty Alleviation Programmes on Indigenous Women’s Economic Empowerment in Nigeria: Evidence from Port Harcourt Metropolis by Deedam, Nua J; Onoja, Anthony O (2015) - This development is a salvo to poverty alleviation programmes and underlies the need to put women in the forefront of poverty alleviation programme designs. identify the level of participation of indigenous women in poverty alleviation programmes in the study area; and 2.) assess the impact of participation in poverty alleviation programmes on selected economic empowerment indices among Port Harcourt metropolis indigenous women. Keywords: alleviation; cent; development; impact; income; nigeria; pap; poverty; poverty alleviation; programmes; women

• Recording Humidity, Temperature, and Moisture in a Hydroponic Greenhouse by Olsen, McKenna; Farrel, Franklin; Kuznetsov, German; Nolan, Donielle; Yasa, Venkat; Peixoto, Nathalia (2023) - Sensor-based irrigation systems have been implemented in hydroponic greenhouses before (Tatas et al., 2022). Humidity and temperature sensors were tested in the greenhouse and reported that temperature rises, and humidity falls significantly during the day. Keywords: data; greenhouse; humidity; hydroponic; moisture; prototype; sensors; system; temperature
• Domestic Rainwater Harvesting in a Water-Stressed Community and Variation in Rainwater Quality from Source to Storage by Owusu-Boateng, G.; Gadogbe, M. K. (2015) - There are several points along the DRWH chain where contaminants can enter and compromise water quality. Consilience Owusu-Boateng and Gadogbe: Domestic Rainwater Harvesting     Table 1: Water quality parameters measured in the poorly-maintained system (S1) and the well-maintained system (S2)   Parameters Range of values 5% LSD Free-fall Roof catchment Storage tank S1 S2 S1 S2 S1 S2 S1 S2 pH 6.0–6.4 6.0–6.1 6.0–7.0 6.0–6.4 Keywords: catchment; coliform; fall; harvesting; quality; rainwater; roof; samples; storage; system; tank; total; values
• Historical Repetition and Development Narratives in Guyana’s Coastal Drainage and Irrigation System by Mullenite, Joshua (2015) - ‘The Political Ecology of Flood Hazard in Urban Guyana.’ The seacoast is protected from intrusion by a large sea wall broken up by water management control devices, which drain the canals via gravity 2 It is possible that there had been some settlement on the coast in prehistoric Guyana and settlement upstream, but what were to become the most populated areas were seemingly uninhabited. Keywords: agriculture; british; coast; d&i; development; drainage; guyana; history; mullenite; press; projects; system; university

• Development For Tibetans, But By Whom? by Jue, Diana (2011) - The goal was to apply and transfer MIT students‟ engineering and scientific know-how to local Tibetan development workers so that projects can be carried out in the absence of OED members. It is in these gaps where organizations like One Earth Designs can play an important role by building the capacity of local Tibetan development workers and introducing new technologies that are co-created with local users. Keywords: china; chinese; development; education; etp; program; qinghai; students; tibetans
• From the Global to the Local: How International Children’s Rights in Bangladesh Reach the Grassroots Level by Schapper, Andrea (2009) - Apart from this rather antiquated national legislation, there are few national laws and policies that promote child rights. The two most important principles in global child rights are 1) the right to education and the right to health, as anchored in the Convention on the Rights of the Child; and 2) protection from economic exploitation and hazardous work as codified in the ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention. Keywords: bangladesh; child; child labour; children; education; international; labour; program; project; rights; school

• Determinants of Market Participation in Nigerian Small-Scale Fishery Sector: Evidence from Niger Delta Region by Onoja, Anthony O; Usoroh, B. B.; Adieme, D. T.; Deedam, N. J. (2013) - Then, in each state, one agricultural zone each was purposively selected based on availability of fisheries and fish markets in the area. The result shows that, among the ten covariates (age, household size, education, income, distant to the nearest market, market information, price of the commodity, credit access, marketing experience and household head sex) considered for the model, participation in fish market is influenced to a great extent by the following four covariates: household size, distant to the nearest marketing channel, price of the commodity and sex of the fish farmer/marketer. Keywords: delta; development; farmers; fish; market; marketing; model; niger; nigeria; participation; probability; region; study; variables

• Environmental Sustainability and Human Capital Development by Porreca, Zachary (2020) - The effect of carbon emissions on human capital development may have been better repre- sented functionally by a parabolic form (visually taking the shape of the “Kuznet Curve”). An investigation into the quan- tification of the interplay between reliance on renewable combustible energies, human capital levels, and quality of life as gauged by food security levels seems ripe for a similar instrumental variable approach. Keywords: air; capital; development; emissions; factors; human; index; journal; model; pollution

• Identifying Conservation Strategies for Group-Spawning Coral Reef Fish in the Indo-Pacific, Using a Case Study of a Protogynous Giant Wrasse by Booth, Laura (2017) - In Papua New Guinea, access to the fish is gendered— women are not permitted to consume it—and it has had a role in defining gender roles in Guam, where spearing a humphead wrasse was once a rite of passing into manhood (Sadovy et al. 2004). Group spawning and, more generally, spawning aggregations, are interesting phenomena worthy of scientific inquiry for a variety of reasons. Keywords: conservation; domeier; et al; fish; group; sadovy; sadovy et; spawning; species; wrasse
• Livelihood and Conservation in Guinea-Bissau’s National Parks: A Photographic Essay by Abreu, Alexandre (2011) - Photo 3: Felupe celebration in Bolor, Tarrafes do Rio Cacheu Natural Park 268 Consilience The Tarrafes do Rio Cacheu Natural Park constitutes a part of the homeland of the Felupe (also known as Diola) ethnic group, which straddles Northern Guinea-Bissau and Southern Senegal. Keywords: bissau; conservation; guinea; natural; park
• Agrobiodiversity Conservation as a Coping Strategy: Adapting to Climate Change in the Northern Highlands of Bolivia by Baldinelli, Guilia Mari (2014) - My thesis aims to explore the connections between on-farm conservation of local crop varieties and migration of Aymara people away from their communities of origin in the Altiplano to urban areas. During my fieldwork in the Northern Highlands of Bolivia, I observed how indigenous farmers adapt to climate change through their strategic use of local crop varieties. Keywords: agrobiodiversity; andes; conservation; farmers; municipio; paz; varieties

• Evaluating a Decade of Mangrove Restorations in Mumbai: Success or Failure? by Shaham, Adam (2025) - Sentinel 2 data were used for mangrove restoration sites with start years from 2016-2022. In Mumbai, the outcomes of more than a decade of mangrove restoration have yet to be assessed. Keywords: analysis; clearance; coastal; cover; data; extent; forest; india; maharashtra; mangrove; mangrove restoration; monitoring; mumbai; projects; restoration; restoration sites; sensing; sites
• The Effect of the Spatial Resolution of Conflict Data on the Analysis of Drought As a Local Determinant of Civil War Onset: Africa, 1980 – 2001 by Onda, Chikara (2008) - Looking at Figure 4, it is apparent that the difference in conflict data resolution has some effect on the outcome of the logistic regression analysis, though the nature of this effect remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to explore the effect a change in the spatial level of resolution of conflict data has on our ability to analyze geographic determinants of war outbreak. Keywords: analysis; conflict; data; outbreak; resolution; study; war
• The Monitoring and Evaluation System of the Millennium Villages Project-Potou/Senegal: Close Look at the Mid-term Evaluation Report by Kinda, Ousséni (2013) - This will also help assess how learning and the use of findings can enhance project interventions. There is also a pessimism that has grown around the millennium villages due to previous unsatisfactory results from other forms of village projects. Keywords: data; development; evaluation; interventions; millennium; millennium villages; monitoring; mvp; potou; project; villages

• Blocking Oil Development in Yasuní National Park: Ecuador’s Unprecedented Strides Towards Environmental Justice by Prime, Lillian (2025) - Yasuní ITT Initiative and the reinventing sovereignty over natural resources. This paper seeks to address what allowed for the protection of Yasuní Block 43 and how this case of environmental justice supports climate change mitigation. Keywords: block; development; ecuador; initiative; itt; justice; oil; yasuní

• The 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development and the Future of International Environmental Protection by Anton, Donald K (2012) - However, a number of environmental changes created by hydropower development have recently reduced the supply of fish stocks in the Mekong Basin. People claim to have observed declining fish populations in the Mekong Basin since construction began on the Yunnan cascade (ICEM, 2010a). Keywords: basin; dams; development; fish; hydropower; icem; mekong; mekong basin; mrc; productivity; resources; river

• The Effects of Mega-Herbivore Extinctions on Seed Dispersal and Community Structure in An East African Savanna by Bernard, Miranda; Booth, Laura; Kielar, Abraham (2015) - Extinction of large mammalian herbivore species that selectively consume seeds and fruits may reduce the overall abundance of fleshy-fruited plant species by limiting the dispersal of seeds and, in turn, lowering rates of recruitment and establishment (Pringle et al. 2014, Janzen et al. 1984). To assess the effects of large herbivore exclosure treatments on plant abundance, we sampled three blocks (three types of herbivore exclosure treatment and one control each) in the UHURU sites, yielding three replicates for each treatment and for the control. Keywords: abundance; effects; exclusion; herbivore; species; stricta
• Challenges to the Conservation of River Turtles (spp. Podocnemis) in the Peruvian Amazon by Laso, Francisco (2009) - The most important factor to determine the extent to which Podocnemis turtles fulfill their role as one of the flooded forest’s key seed dispersers is the density of turtle populations. There is no available room to house confiscated river turtles. Keywords: iquitos; laso; podocnemis; river; species; turtles

• Ciudad de la Cultura: Modernity and Architecture in Santiago de Compostela – Photo Essay by Fique, Simon (2012) - Credit scoring: Theoretical framework The goal of credit scoring for microfinance and other financial purposes is to discriminate between bad and good loans (Gool et al., 2009). Keywords: credit scoring model, late reimbursement, savings, credit mutual. Keywords: borrower; credit; credit scoring; loan; model; probability; reimbursement; risk; scoring model; variables

• Supporting Capabilities: Using Psychosocial Concepts to Guide a Sennian Approach to Escaping Urban Poverty by Burgess, Rochelle (2014) - Keywords: urban poverty, capabilities approach, social identity, social representations, stigma, poverty alleviation, favelas. Neo-liberal doctrine has long placed the roots of poverty within the individual and his inability to capitalize on life circumstances to achieve economic success.i,ii Urban poverty is a unique experience, however, which ties in a host of social factors such as high levels of crime, substandard housing conditions, and violence.iii Unsurprisingly, this changing face of poverty has prompted a reconfiguration of poverty philosophies, led by Amartya Sen‟s capabilities approach. Keywords: favela; identity; individuals; poverty; psychosocial; representations; self; stigma

• The Tough Realities Small NGOs Face When Evaluating Their Efforts: Observations from Guatemala and Mexico by Swindle, Jeffrey (2011) - Based on my personal experiences as an evaluator in Guatemala and Mexico for NGO1, I argue that the participatory approach to development evaluation, as explicated in the passage just mentioned, is ideal. NGOs commonly implement the same development projects over and over again, regardless of the data obtained in project evaluations, if such evaluations are conducted at all (Ferguson, 1990). Keywords: development; evaluation; guatemala; headquarters; mexico; ngo1; ngos; project; results; staff

• Mitigating the Effects of Transport Infrastructure Development on Ecosystems by Ghent, Carleigh (2018) - Green infrastructure development at European Union’s eastern border: Effects of road infrastructure and forest habitat loss. mailto:ghentcc@miamioh.edu Consilience Ghent: Mitigating Transport Infrastructure Mitigating the effects of transport infrastructure development on ecosystems Infrastructure provides the basic framework for moving goods and providing services such as energy, housing, healthcare, and education—essential components for the economic and societal health of a nation (Skorobogatova & Kuzmina- Merlino, 2017). Keywords: corridors; ecosystem; effects; et al; green; infrastructure; services; transport; wildlife

• Note from the Editor-in-Chief by Elivo, Ryan (2015) - 2015 will be a crucial turning point for sustainable development and international governance, with meaningful policy solutions in the pipeline. 2015 will be a turning point for sustainable development, with the rollout of the Sustainable Development Goals and the convening of the 21st Conference of Parties at the end of the year. Keywords: development; discourse; issue
• Good Life As a Social Movement Proposal for Natural Resource Use: The Indigenous Movement in Ecuador by Altmann, Philipp (2014) - One part of this program was called `Good Life´ (Suma Qamaña) and, in collaboration with the Federation of Municipal Associations (Federación de Asociaciones Municipales), inspired a great quantity of publications on indigenous concepts of Good Life and their different aspects that could spread through the whole country. Keywords: Ecuador, indigenous movement, Good Life 1. Keywords: conaie; concept; development; discourse; ecuador; indigenous; kawsay; life; movement; sumak

• Travel Pattern Analysis on Switching Behavior in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic by Chen, Xu; Shea, Ryan; Di, Xuan (2023) - Mobility trends in New York City during covid-19 pandemic: Analyses of transportation modes throughout May 2020. Respondents’ information, including travel mode, travel frequency, trip purpose and demographics, is gathered to study switching behavior regarding travel patterns during the pandemic. Keywords: behavior; home; order; pandemic; respondents; stay; transportation; travel

• Note from the Editor-in-Chief by Elivo, Ryan (2015) - Issue 13 features a variety of topics spanning myriad subjects and geographical regions, all unified around three questions that have implications for the future of sustainable development: (1) How have the economic and technocratic rationalities that have thus far defined development changed, and how must they continue changing to reflect the realities of our world? As always, we welcome all feedback and hope that our work inspires you to engage with issues trending across the discipline of sustainable development. Keywords: chief; development; editor
• Note from the Editor-in-Chief by Subramanyan, Vighnesh (2011) - It is also a very international issue, as we published submissions from five continents, from Norway to Uganda, on topics as diverse as fisheries management, malarial vaccination resistance and the validity of economic measures. Impressive statistics aside, we are proud to remain a student-run journal that showcases work by a range of authors, including undergraduate and graduate students, scholars and members of the broader sustainable development community, on a wide array of topics. Keywords: editor
• Note from the Editor-in-Chief by Subramanyan, Vighnesh (2012) - Yet it is important to note that sustainable development is not just a concept to be applied to developing countries by those in developed countries, but should be used to critically analyze the current situation and trajectory of the developed world as well. We have endeavoured to form more and deeper connections with academic institutions and networks around the world dealing with sustainable development issues. Keywords: chief; editor
• Note from the Editor-in-Chief by Sing, Alexandra (2013) - Our editorial and managing teams have worked diligently over the past few months to compile a collection of articles we believe effectively address topics trending in sustainable development today. In addition to several provocative opinion pieces, Issues IX also features several scholarly articles, photo essays, and a field note. Keywords: editor; note
• Editor’s Note by Rehaut, Lucas (2014) - Consilience celebrated the publication of its tenth issue in May of 2013, and Issue XI represents another strong step forward for the journal, as well as another great contribution to the expanding body of sustainable development research. In his opinion piece, Ranu Dhillon looks at America’s obesity epidemic through the lens of sustainable development and comes to some interesting conclusions. Keywords: development; editor

• The Longevity of the Magnet Effect: Fire-Herbivory Interactions in Central Kenya by Bernard, Miranda; Menz, Alyssa; Booth, Laura (2015) - While the process of the magnet effect has been described, neither its longevity nor the manner through which fire intensity affects its strength is understood. In this study, we explored whether the increase in herbivory pressure predicted by the magnet effect is maintained over long periods after a fire, how fire intensity influences the strength of the magnet effect, and which feeder types are most influenced by the magnet effect. Keywords: effect; fire; herbivory; magnet; year

• Gentrifying a Superfund Site: Why Gowanus, Brooklyn is Becoming a Real Estate Hot Spot by Krisel, Rebecca Salima (2015) - Gowanus Canal Gentrification Figure 3: Map of Gowanus Canal (Source: Google Maps) Keywords: Superfund site, Gowanus Canal, gentrification, residential development, industrial displacement, super-gentrification, affordable housing, urban sustainable development. Keywords: affordable; avenue; brooklyn; canal; estate; gentrification; gowanus; housing; new; percent; york

• Environmental Threats to the Symbiotic Relationship of Coral Reefs and Quorum Sensing by Generous, Rochanya A (2014) - The importance of the symbiotic relationship between the microbial colonies and coral reefs are not well known but have the potential to become a vital part in determining how to promote reef health and sustain current reefs in poor conditions. Additionally, coral reefs protect shores from the impact of waves, Consilience Generous: Coral Reefs and Quorum Sensing provide food and medicines, and economic benefits to local communities through tourism. Keywords: colonies; coral; ocean; quorum; reefs; sensing; temperature

• Building a Credit Scoring Model for the Savings and Credit Mutual of the Potou Zone by Kinda, Ousséni; Achonu, Audrey (2012) - In Malawi, however, male circumcision is not the predominant practice. Project Malawi conducted a pilot program of male circumcision for villagers with fully subsidized operation costs. Keywords: aids; circumcision; hiv; hospital; malawi; male; operation

• Note From the Editors by Chen, Jocelyn; Thornberg, Agnes (2021) - In Issue XXIV, we selected a collection of articles that examine the state of the planet and climate change with scientific rigor and objectivity. We encourage you to further engage with us and take a look at our Briefings column, which publishes shorter opinion pieces on hot-button topics. Keywords: issue; pandemic

• Note from the Editor by Medoff, David (2017) - Beyond the international playing field, other polity levels and private entities increasingly assume responsibility for driving sustainable policy and practices. Together, the pieces form a patchwork of potential leaders, leaving the reader’s approbation free to identify the most convincing approach to the ever-complex task of sustainable development. Keywords: development; leadership

• Variations in Elephant (Loxodanta africana) Diet Along a Rainfall Gradient: The Effect of Latitude, Grass Reserves, and Proximity to Water by Booth, Laura; Breen, Catherine; Gullickson, Cricket (2015) - We used elephant dung as a means to analyze the woody content of elephant diet. In this study, we sought to identify the factors that predict woody percentage of elephant diet along a rainfall gradient at the Mpala Research Centre in central Kenya. Keywords: diet; elephant; grass; rainfall; site; woody

• Note from the Editor-in-Chief by Sivakumaran, Nikita (2016) - Finally, the articles in this issue’s Field Notes deliver primary data for issues of pastoral livelihoods and the economic and environmental impacts of private conservation efforts. Microsoft Word - Editor's Note.docx Dear readers, It is my great pleasure to announce the official publication of Issue XV of Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development. Keywords: articles; development; issue

• Disability is Not Inability: Grassroots Participatory Development and Collective Action in the Iganga District of Uganda by Alamillo, Daniel; Diaz, Lilia (2012) - Today, approximately six kilos of Oro Verde gold reaches the market. Keywords: gold mining, FLO Fairtrade and Fairmined certification, sustainable development, environment. Keywords: chocó; gold; miners; mining; oro; verde

• The Story of Hope by Lee, Thomas (2008) - 11 PH O TO E SS AY 152 Afghan men of Shash Pul, a weaver village, gather for a meeting with Arzu workers, Bamiyan, Afghanistan, June 2006. Arzu, meaning hope in Dari, is a Chicago-based non-profit organization that has worked in Afghanistan since 2004 to help employ and educate women through sourcing and selling rugs that they weave. Keywords: afghanistan

• Note from the Editor-in-Chief: Note from the Editor-in-Chief by Benesch, Ambria (2018) - In a foundational study of peace and sustainable development, Maria Fontecha-Tiraldo explores the interactions of small Colombian Editor’s Note: Issue XIX, January 2018 communities with the FARC, the now-active national government and environmentally-focused goals. As always, Issue XIX of Consilience continues to push the boundaries of sustainable development. Keywords: development; issue; xix

• Sustainable Living and Mongolian Nomads: Is There Development? by Batkhishig, Dulguun (2009) - Reliant on the vacillating seasons and the well-being of their livestock, nomadic herder families have developed a unique mode of living. For many children of herder families, this career path is the only way to make a living that does not depend on the seasons. Keywords: batkhishig; development; families; herder; mongolia

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-24