[{"id": "ajceb-10170", "words": "667", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Opoku, Alex", "title": "Retraction notice: Risk Pricing in Construction Tenders - How, Who, What", "date": "2025", "keywords": "retraction; version", "summary": "Retraction notice text (to be published) Retraction Notice Title: Risk Pricing in Construction Tenders - How, Who, What Authors: Marcus Towner and David Baccarini Journal: Construction Economics and Building, Volume 7, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 12-25 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v7i2.2987 Reason for Retraction: This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor- in-Chief and the publisher. The Association of Researchers in Construction Management (ARCOM) was developing a database of published abstracts and noticed this duplication as cited below: \u201cI have noticed that one of your journal\u2019s papers was published twice: \u2022https://doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v7i2.2987 \u2022https://doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v8i1.2997\u201d \u25a1 Journal\u2019s owner / publisher Date of retraction request 08 08 2025 Day Month Year https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v7i2.2987 Standardised Retraction Form Retraction type (multiple responses allowed): Invalidating the results* *only one check mark is allowed in this column Not invalidating the results \u25a1 Fraud \u25a1 Plagiarism \u25a1 Inconsistent Data \uf052 Overlap \u25a1 Honest error: \u25a1 Property or legal concern o Irreproducibility \u25a1 Lack of ethical approval o Lab error \u25a1 Authorship o Analytical error \uf052 Editorial reasons o Other (details): \u25a1 Approval issues (authors, editors) \u25a1 Compromised peer review \u25a1 Conflicts of interest History \u25a1 History of expression of concern The Association of Researchers in Construction Management (ARCOM) was developing a database of published abstracts and noticed this duplication, as cited below: \u201cI have noticed that one of your journal\u2019s papers was published twice: \u2022https://doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v7i2.2987 \u2022https://doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v8i1.2997\u201d There's a major error in the 2007 version of the above-mentioned paper in that it was cut short soon after the Standardised Retraction Form Previous incident reference and details: 'Risks Considered' subheading of the results section, and the text from an entire article from the previous issue was copied in its place.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1581", "words": "1111", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Sankaran, Shankar", "title": "Construction Stakeholder Management", "date": "2010", "keywords": "book; management; stakeholder", "summary": "Chapter 3 by Frank Harris provides a historical perspective of stakeholder management including a listing of reports by government and industry on how to improve construction industry performance. Chapter 11 by Abbas Ali Elumualim discusses the role of culture and leadership in stakeholder management covering some theoretical aspects of relationships and power and socio-cultural elements in stakeholder management.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1582", "words": "7759", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Madikizela, Kolosa; Haupt, Theo", "title": "Influences on Women\u2019s Choices of Careers in Construction: A South African Study", "date": "2010", "keywords": "building; careers; choices; construction; discrimination; gender; industry; male; south; study; women", "summary": "Women are likely to be sexually harassed on site 3.4 1.2 3.4 1.3 3.4 1.1 3 The fact that there are more male professionals in construction intimidates women 3.1 1.1 3.3 1.1 2.8 1.0 4 Women are more suited to administrative than production functions on site 2.9 1.3 3.4 1.2 2.1 1.1 5 Female students are intimidated by the male students in classes 2.2 1.2 2.2 1.2 2.2 1.1 Table 6 Discrimination against women in the construction workplace The Impact of Low Representation of Women The responses to two questions related to the impact of the low representation of women on the skills shortage experienced by the construction sector are shown in Table 14.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1583", "words": "9286", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "23", "author": "Jarkas, Abdulaziz M", "title": "The Effects of Buildability Factors on Rebar Fixing Labour Productivity of Beamless Slabs", "date": "2010", "keywords": "buildability; building; construction; economics; factors; fixing; journal; labour; labour productivity; level; productivity; rebar; reinforcement; slabs", "summary": "Abstract Buildability is an important factor affecting labour productivity. The findings show a significant influence of these factors on the fixing operation, which can be used to provide designers and construction managers with feedback on how well the design of this activity considers the requirements of buildability, and the tangible consequences of designers\u2019 decisions on labour productivity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1584", "words": "5469", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Belusko, Martin; O'Leary, Timothy", "title": "Cost Analyses of Measures to Improve Residential Energy Ratings to 6 Stars - Playford North Development, South Australia", "date": "2010", "keywords": "building; construction; cost; economics; energy; house; insulation; measures; rating; star", "summary": "184 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.6 6.2 45 5.4 5.6 5.8 6 6.6 901 5.3 5.4 5.6 6 6.6 8 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.8 6.5 902 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.6 194 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.4 6 Table 3 Cumulative star rating impact of each technology measure for each lot Star Rating Increase with Technology Option Lot Foil in roof R2.5 ext walls R4 roof R1.5 internal walls Low E glass in living zone 16 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 17 0.2 0.1 0 0.2 0.2 23 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 13 0.3 0.1 0.1 0 0.4 29 0.3 0.2 0 0 0.7 184 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 45 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 901 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 8 0.2 0.1 0 0.2 0.7 902 0.3 0.1 0 0.3 0.5 194 0.2 0 0.1 0.2 0.6 Average 0.24 0.13 0.11 0.18 0.49 Table 4 Incremental increase of star rating (rounded to one decimal) by impact of each technology measure for each lot Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Belusko,\u00a0 M\u00a0 and\u00a0 O\u2019Leary,\u00a0 T\u00a0 (2010)\u00a0 \u2018Cost\u00a0 analyses\u00a0 of\u00a0 measures\u00a0 to\u00a0 improve\u00a0 residential\u00a0 energy\u00a0 ratings\u00a0 to\u00a0 6\u00a0 stars\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0 Playford\u00a0North\u00a0Development,\u00a0South\u00a0Australia\u2019,\u00a0Australasian\u00a0Journal\u00a0of\u00a0Construction\u00a0Economics\u00a0and\u00a0Building,\u00a010\u00a0(1/2)\u00a0 36\u201047\u00a0\u00a0 42 As shown in Table 3 the application of these measures delivers varying increases in star rating often well above 6 stars.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1587", "words": "8248", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "27", "author": "Pullen, Stephen; Arman, Michael; Zillante, George; Zuo, Jian; Chileshe, Nicholas; Wilson, Lou", "title": "Developing an Assessment Framework for Affordable and Sustainable Housing", "date": "2010", "keywords": "affordability; assessment; assessment framework; building; construction; economics; energy; environmental; et al; framework; housing; indicators; journal; sustainability; urban", "summary": "Arman et al. (2009b) reviewed a variety of definitions of affordability, affordable housing, sustainability and sustainable housing and arrived at a conceptual definition of affordable and sustainable housing: Housing that meets the needs and demands of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their housing needs and demands. Oct 2009, Nanjing, China Zillante, G., Pullen, S., Wilson, L., Davidson, K., Chileshe, N., Zuo, J. and Arman, M. (forthcoming) \u2018Integrating affordable housing and sustainable housing: bridging two merit goods in Australia\u2019,", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1589", "words": "6650", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Soo, Alexander; Oo, Bee", "title": "The Effect of Information Feedback in Construction Bidding", "date": "2010", "keywords": "bidders; bidding; bidding feedback; bids; building; construction; economics; feedback; information; information feedback", "summary": "They were randomly split into two groups, one with full bidding feedback information (list of all bidders and their submitted bids), the other with partial bidding feedback information (winning bid and identity of winning bidder). Hypothesis H2 is thus supported where inexperienced bidders with full bidding feedback information are more competitive than those with partial bidding feedback information.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1591", "words": "5602", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Ng, Andy K.W; Price, Andrew D.F", "title": "Optimizing the Time Performance of Subcontractors in Building Projects", "date": "2010", "keywords": "building; construction; model; performance; regression; site; subcontractors; time; work", "summary": "Time performance = a + b1SCP1 + b2SCP2+ b3SCP3+ b4SCP4+ b5SCP5+ b6SCP6 Where SCPi (critical site coordination problems) are the independent variables Time performance is the dependent variable a is a constant which is the y-intercept bi is the partial regression coefficient for SCP Equation 1: Form of multiple regression equation Some of the variables of the regression equations can be eliminated without having significant impact to the accuracy of the regression equations. Model Regression equation Time-Str-1 Time = 12.299 - 0.350xSCP1 - 0.421xSCP2 - 0.420xSCP3 + 0.117xSCP4 + 0.119xSCP5 - 0.155xSCP6 Time-Str-2 Time = 12.542 - 0.314xSCP1 - 0.403xSCP2 - 0.422xSCP3 + 0.127xSCP4 - 0.137xSCP6 Time-Str-3 Time = 12.658 - 0.285x SCP1 - 0.352x SCP2 - 0.393xSCP3 - 0.114xSCP6 Time-Str-final Time = 12.227 - 0.271x SCP1- 0.407xSCP2 - 0.394xSCP3 Table 14 Regression equations of Time-Str model Explaining the variability for Time-Str model Table 15 shows that the four stage equations of Time-Str model are very strongly related to time performance as their R values are above 0.8.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1592", "words": "6626", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Fugar, Frank DK; Agyakwah-Baah, Adwoa B", "title": "Delays in Building Construction Projects in Ghana", "date": "2010", "keywords": "building; causes; construction; construction projects; contractors; delay; economics; factors; ghana; journal; projects", "summary": "The purpose of interviewing the key players was essentially to validate a preliminary set of construction delay causes gleaned from the literature and to determine from their experience other factors which cause construction delay in Ghana. Construction delay is a major problem facing the Ghanaian construction industry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1593", "words": "7997", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Lateef, Olanrewaju Abdul; Khamidi, Mohd Faris; Idrus, Arazi", "title": "Building Maintenance Management in a Malaysian University Campus: A Case Study", "date": "2010", "keywords": "building; building maintenance; case; case study; construction; economics; education; journal; maintenance; maintenance management; malaysia; management; study; university; work", "summary": "The word \u201cmodel\u201d in the research is synonymous with the decision-making framework or guidelines for managing university buildings maintenance. However, discussions with those concerned in the management of university building maintenance revealed a concern about the amount of funding universities wish to have compared to the amount of funding they are actually receiving.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1594", "words": "6106", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "de Valence, Gerard", "title": "Defining an Industry: What is the Size and Scope of the Australian Building and Construction Industry", "date": "2010", "keywords": "australia; building; construction; construction industry; economics; firms; industry; products; scope; services; size; total; valence", "summary": "These include the regulatory, institutional and technological structures in a framework for construction industry firms. Clearly, the future structure of the building and construction industry is becoming a point of debate among researchers and analysts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1595", "words": "7079", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Sundquist, Jan", "title": "From Focus on Price to the Pyramid of Innovation, Information, Cooperation, Value and Trust: A Success Story of Five Swedish Building Material Manufacturers", "date": "2010", "keywords": "building; companies; company; construction; cooperation; development; information; innovation; processes; products; values", "summary": "The MD has also extended his thinking to include other companies in order to discuss mutual tenders from a combined group of companies, whose tender to the customer would be reinforced concrete poured into a mould with reinforcement mounted and all that is required. Through the engagement of a university, the company and its offerings will probably be regarded as being more respected and trustworthy than other companies without those contacts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1602", "words": "6693", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Ameh, John Oko; Odusami, Koleola Tunwase", "title": "Nigerian Building Professionals\u2019 Ethical Ideology and Perceived Ethical Judgement", "date": "2010", "keywords": "building; construction; economics; ethics; forsyth; idealism; ideology; industry; journal; nigerian; professionals; relativism", "summary": "Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Ameh, J.O and Odusami, K.T. (2010) \u2018Nigerian building professionals\u2019 ethical ideology and perceived ethical judgement\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 10 (3) 1-13 2 Ethical Ideologies and Decision Making Ethical ideologies can be explained as a set of beliefs, values and attitudes, which may influence an individual\u2018s judgment and decision-making when faced with difficult situations and ethical dilemmas. \u2017A General Theory of Marketing Ethics\u2018, Journal of Macromarketing , 8, 5\u201316 Johnson, R. N. (2003) \u2017An overview of ethical theory\u2018, Available [on-line] http://www.nwmissouri.edu/rfield/274, accessed 24/06/03 Lee, D. J. and Sirgy, M. J. (1999) \u2017The effect of ethical ideology and ethnocentrism on quality of life orientation in international marketing: a cross cultural comparison\u2018, Journal of Business Ethics, 18, 73-89 Marques, P. A. and Pereira, J. A. (2009) \u2017Ethical ideology and ethical judgments in the Portuguese accounting profession\u2018, Journal of Business Ethics, 86, 227-242 Monga, M. (2001) \u2017Ethics and ethical ideologies: an empirical study of managers in North Indian large manufacturing enterprises\u2018, Proceedings of Australian association of professional and applied ethics, Adelaide, September Rawwas, M.Y.A and Patzer, G.L. (1995) \u2017Consumer ethics in cross-cultural settings entrepreneurial implications\u2018, European Journal of Marketing, 29(7), 62-78 Redfern, K. (2005) \u2017The influence of industrialisation on ethical ideology of managers in the people\u2018s republic of china\u2018, Cross Cultural Management, 12(2), 38-50 Robb, D. J. (1996) \u2017Ethics in project management: issues, practice, and motives\u2018.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1660", "words": "7655", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Forsythe, Perry John", "title": "Drivers of Housing Demolition Decision Making and the Impact on Timber Waste Management", "date": "2011", "keywords": "approach; building; construction; demolition; economics; journal; making; management; materials; recovery; timber; value; waste", "summary": "This is especially relevant to the management of demolition waste because it easily constitutes the largest proportion of the C&D waste stream (Poon et al. 2001; Poon, Yu et al. 2004; Suttie 2004). A Focus on Housing Construction and Timber Recovery This study takes a targeted approach to investigating demolition waste and focuses on housing demolition projects (i.e. low rise, detached and semi-detached projects).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1675", "words": "5444", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Best, Rick", "title": "Using Purchasing Power Parity to Assess Construction Productivity", "date": "2010", "keywords": "bloc; building; construction; cost; economics; labour; materials; power; productivity; purchasing; sydney", "summary": "One key problem is that of converting construction costs to a common currency. The average cost of the BLOC in each city was the used to produce CPPPs that could be used to convert construction costs in different currencies to a common base with price differences removed, thus producing \u201creal\u201d rather than \u201cnominal\u201d exchange rates.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1680", "words": "8002", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "29", "author": "Dobgegah, Rockson; Owusu-Manu, De-Graft; Omoteso, Kamil", "title": "A Principal Component Analysis of Project Management Construction Industry Competencies for the Ghanaian", "date": "2011", "keywords": "analysis; building; competencies; component; construction; construction economics; economics; et al; journal; knowledge; management; management competencies; pcmaf; principal; project management", "summary": "A widely accepted view indicates that project management competencies have both direct and indirect linkages to other knowledge domains such as supply chain management and project management (Dogbegah, 2009). Specifically, the evolution of project management as an academic discipline in universities has both followed and reinforced the management traditions as they have prepared each succeeding generation of industry managers (Goodman and Chinowsky, 1997).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1681", "words": "6010", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Abdul-Lateef, Olanrewaju Ashola", "title": "Quantitative Analysis of Criteria in University Building Maintenance in Malaysia", "date": "2010", "keywords": "analysis; building; building maintenance; construction; criteria; economics; journal; maintenance; management; respondents; university", "summary": "A list of criteria, which had been gathered from the literature and discussions with experts, was addressed to university maintenance organizations to evaluate their agreement on the influence the criteria have on building maintenance. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows; An overview of the relevant literature concerning university building maintenance; discussion of the research and data analysis methodology adopted; presentation and discussion of data analysis; major findings and conclusions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1688", "words": "7182", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Gharaie, Ehsan; Wakefield, Ron; Blismas, Nick", "title": "Explaining the Increase in the Australian Average House Completion Time:Activity-based versus Workflow-based Approach", "date": "2010", "keywords": "building; completion time; construction; house building; house completion; increase; planning", "summary": "Keywords: Average house completion time, Australian house building industry, Activity-based planning, Work-flow-based planning Introduction Completion time of a construction project is always a major concern for all stakeholders. The trend of The completion time and number of completions (Vic) 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 2000.1 2001.1 2002.1 2003.1 2004.1 2005.1 2006.1 2007.1 2008.1 Time C o m p le ti o n T im e ( q u a rt e rs ) 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 Q u a rt e rl y N u m b e r o f C o m p le ti o n s Completion time Number of Completions Figure 1: Average house completion time and quarterly number of completions in Victoria Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Gharaie, E et al. (2010) \u2018Explaining the increase in the Australian average house completion time: activity-based versus workflow-based planning\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 10 (4) 34-49 38 Western Australia: As mentioned in the introduction, the increase in the average house completion time in Western Australia has been about 70 percent since 2000.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1712", "words": "7802", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Ting, Michael", "title": "Building on Shaky Ground: Quality and Safety in China\u2019s Construction Industry in the Wake of the Wenchuan and Yushu Earthquakes", "date": "2010", "keywords": "building; china; construction; construction industry; construction law; law; people; quality; republic; standards; supervision; wenchuan", "summary": "In a speech introducing a conference on building codes, the Vice Premier of China, Mr Zeng Peiyan, stated that construction investment was very important for China\u2019s economic growth and he hoped that China could improve construction standards and the legal system (National Work Conference for Fixed Construction Standards 2007). This staggering amount of regulation highlights the great potential for confusion of construction standards.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1751", "words": "5260", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Tam, Vivian W. Y.; Zhang, Xiaoling; Lee, Winnie; Shen, LY", "title": "Applications of Extensive Green-roof Systems in Contributing to Sustainable Development in Densely Populated Cities: a Hong Kong Study", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; construction; green; hong; kong; roof; systems", "summary": "Green roofs: a horticulural perspective, Ritak Vitabuc Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Tam, V W Y et al. (2011) \u2018Applications of extensive green-roof systems in contributing to sustainable development in densely populated cities: a Hong Kong study\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 11 (1) 15- 25 25 Koppany, A. (2002) Green roofs in the city environment, Department of Architecture and Building Construction, Faculty of Building and Environmental Engineering, Sz e\u0301chenyi Istv a\u0301n University of Applied Sciences, Hungary Lagstrom, J. (2004) Do extensive green roofs reduce noise?, International Green Roof Institute Legislative Council (2006) Offocial record of proceedings Wednesday, 15 November 2006, the Council met at Eleven o'clock, Legislative Council, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Liu, K. & Baskaran, B. (2003) 'Thermal performance of green roofs through field evaluation', Proceedings for the First North American Green Roofs Infrastructure Conference, Awards and Trade Show, Chicago, United States of America, 1-10 Ngan, G. (2004) Intensive green roof Extensive green roof Reduced urban island heat effect \uf0fc \uf0fc Improved air quality \uf0fc \uf0fc Reduced noise absorption \uf0fc \uf0fc Reduced water runoff \uf0fc \uf0fc Improved wildlife and biodiversity \uf0fc \uf0fc Increased roof life \uf0fc \uf0fc Increased energy efficiency \uf0fc \uf0fc Cost savings \uf0fc (Lower) \uf0fc (Higher)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1796", "words": "8857", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Liu, Junxiao; London, Kerry", "title": "Convergence Among the Submarkets in Australian Regional Building and Construction Sector", "date": "2010", "keywords": "australia; building construction; construction; construction economics; construction markets; convergence; house; hppi; journal; markets; orbppi; prices; regional", "summary": "Owing to a simultaneously dramatic increase in the construction prices of the sub-markets in the building construction sector in Australia, this paper aims to identify the convergence among these markets, involving house construction market, other- residential building construction market, and non-residential building construction market. Jiang et al. (2010) identifies this point and investigates the long-run relationship between house construction markets across Australia\u2019s six states and two territories.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1803", "words": "2114", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Kay, Robert", "title": "Australia\u2019s Crisis of Uncertainty", "date": "2010", "keywords": "certainty; exploit; organisation; term", "summary": "Many organisations pursue a policy of hiring for and promoting the best and brightest staff they can get their hands on. Furthermore organisations demand more of this style of employee, or at the very least the ability to develop them.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1804", "words": "14661", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Coggins, Jeremy; Fenwick Elliott, Robert; Bell, Matthew", "title": "Towards Harmonisation of Construction Industry Payment Legislation: A Consideration of the Success Afforded by the East and West Coast Models in Australia", "date": "2010", "keywords": "act; act s; adjudication; australia; building; coast; coast model; construction; construction economics; construction industry; dispute; east coast; industry payment; journal; legislation; nsw act; payment; payment act; payment legislation; pty; wa act; west", "summary": "Thus, whether such is the intent or not, the Northern Territory is the only place in Australia where the construction of underground works is covered by the security of payment Act. The NSW Act, based upon the adjudication provisions within the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 formed the model upon which most other Australian jurisdictions, to varying degrees, based their legislation, culminating in the Tasmanian Act which received Royal Assent on 17 December 2009.2 The current state of construction industry payment legislation throughout Australia, however, is somewhat fragmented, and there have been calls from several commentators for a harmonised national approach (Bailey 2009, Zhang 2009, Bell & Vella 2010).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1805", "words": "9052", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Davenport, Philip", "title": "Harmonisation of Chalk and Cheese", "date": "2010", "keywords": "act; adjudication; claimant; coast model; construction; east coast; payment; progress payment; respondent", "summary": "The Authors point out that the East Cost model only allows payment claim to be made up the \u2018contractual stream\u2019. The Authors say that in WA the total value of payment claims in 2008/2009 was approximately $36 million.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1810", "words": "1159", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Sawhney, Anil", "title": "Managing Performance in Construction", "date": "2010", "keywords": "chapter; construction; performance; productivity", "summary": "However, little renewed attention has been paid to the development of new tools, models, methods and approaches for measuring construction performance at the workface level. Chapter ten presents the importance of communication and communication systems for improving construction performance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1811", "words": "6669", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Wasif, Ingeborg; Josephson, Per-Erik; Styhre, Alexander", "title": "Individual Learning in Construction Projects: Professions and their Approaches", "date": "2010", "keywords": "construction; courses; individual; knowledge; learning; managers; new; organization; project; site; workers", "summary": "Little has been written about project organization learning involving multiple companies and professions with widely differing learning behaviors. Responsible Logistics Systems, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol 1 Individual learning in construction projects: professions and their approaches Ingeborg Wasif, Per-Erik Josephson and Alexander Styhre Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden ABSTRACT New materials, use of sophisticated technologies and increased customer demands, in combination with growing competition among construction companies, have led to a high degree of specialization.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1817", "words": "6716", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Onukwube, Henry Ndubuisi; Iyagba, Reuben", "title": "Construction Professionals Job Performance and Characteristics: A Comparison of Indigenous and Expatriate Construction Companies in Nigeria", "date": "2011", "keywords": "construction; construction companies; construction economics; construction professionals; expatriate; job characteristics; job performance; journal; performance; relationship; task performance", "summary": "Thus, it is important to study the job characteristics\u2013job performance relationship at the facet level because it is plausible that due to the multidimensional nature of job characteristics and job performance, there are differential relationships between facets of job characteristics and dimensions of performance. Hence, the success of work design hinges on positively influencing employees behaviour and attitudes such as job performance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1841", "words": "7832", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Tran, Van Dai; Tookey, John E", "title": "Labour Productivity in the New Zealand Construction Industry: A Thorough Investigation", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; economics; industry; journal; labour; labour productivity; new; new zealand; productivity; zealand", "summary": "These sectors, and their associated extraneous variables, provided some useful information in relation to the \u201creal\u201d performance of NZ construction labour productivity. To identify factors which have significant effects on construction labour productivity; iii) To set up a platform for future research in this area in NZ Defining Productivity Productivity was formally defined by the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation as: \u201cthe quotient obtained by dividing output by one of the factors of production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1883", "words": "5800", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "de Valence, Geard", "title": "Innovation, Procurement and Construction Industry Development", "date": "2010", "keywords": "building; construction; construction industry; development; economics; firms; industry; innovation; journal; procurement; r&d", "summary": "Conclusion Tatum\u201fs (1986, 1989) characteristics of the construction industry represent a widely applied model of construction industry innovation. The implications for analysis of innovation in construction of theoretical developments in industrial organisation are considered in this research, as an attempt to outline a new approach to construction innovation incorporating the ideas found in knowledge based, technology centred models.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1884", "words": "7866", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Karamujic, Harry M", "title": "An Investigation into the Fundamental Drivers of Pricing of Residential Mortgage Products \u2013 A Risk Pricing Viewpoint", "date": "2010", "keywords": "basel; building; capital; cent; construction; cost; economics; home; interest; journal; loan; pricing; products; risk", "summary": "Consequently, the product level gross amount of risk capital required is 9 per cent multiplied by the outstanding loan amount. Keywords: Home loan pricing, Home loan products, Basel capital accords, Cost plus pricing technique, Risk quantification, Risk pricing, Provisioning Introduction The Australian home loan industry is characterised by a very homogenous products offering, a strong risk-pricing discipline, a highly concentrated industry structure, and products (home loans) that are almost fully commoditised1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1885", "words": "876", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "McGeorge, Denny", "title": "Managing Construction Logistics", "date": "2010", "keywords": "book; construction", "summary": "However this is a minor quibble on my part and the line of argument for the adoption of construction logistics permeates the text. Section 3 contains a chapter on the future of construction logistics followed by a chapter containing a number of case studies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1886", "words": "2143", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Davenport, Philip", "title": "Practical Guide to Engineering and Construction Contracts", "date": "2010", "keywords": "construction; contractor; payment; superintendent", "summary": "Under the heading \u201eObjectives of this book\u201f the authors say, \u201eThis book is intended to provide a concise but accurate guide to the law relating to construction contracts in Australia as at 2009. It is intended for the use of engineers (and others) who are involved in the negotiation and administration of construction contracts to enable them to understand the risks involved, and how to minimise them\u201f.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1939", "words": "15386", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Coggins, Jeremy", "title": "From Disparity to Harmonisation of Construction Industry Payment Legislation in Australia: A Proposal for a Dual Process of Adjudication based upon Size of Progress Payment Claim", "date": "2011", "keywords": "act; adjudication; adjudication process; building; claims; coast; coast model; coast process; construction; construction economics; construction industry; east coast; industry payment; nsw; payment; payment claim; payment legislation; process; progress payment", "summary": "\u2018From disparity to harmonisation of construction industry payment legislation in Australia: a proposal for a dual process of adjudication based upon size of progress payment claim\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 11 (2) 34-59 35 Jurisdiction Legislation Date of Commencement NSW Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 1999 26 March 2000 Victoria Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2002 31 January 2003 Queensland Building and Construction Industry Payments Act 2004 1 October 2004 Western Australia Construction Contracts Act 2004 1 January 2005 Northern Territory Construction Contracts (Security of Payments) Act 2004 1 July 2005 Tasmania Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2009 17 December 2009 ACT Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2009 1 July 2010 South Australia Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2009 Yet to be proclaimed Table 1 Construction industry payment legislation in Australia The key differences between the East and West Coast models have been described by Coggins, Elliott and Bell (2010: 15) as follows: \uf0b7 \u2018From disparity to harmonisation of construction industry payment legislation in Australia: a proposal for a dual process of adjudication based upon size of progress payment claim\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 11 (2) 34-59 36 Finally, building upon the Davenport and Bailey proposals, a third proposal for harmonisation is proffered by the author.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-1996", "words": "10841", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Kaewsri, Nuanthip; Tonghong, Tanit", "title": "An Investigation of Women Engineers in Non-Traditional Occupations in the Thai Construction Industry", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; career; construction; construction economics; construction industry; contractor companies; economics; engineering; industry; journal; thai; women engineers; working", "summary": "On the other hand, women engineers who felt that they did not have equal career advancement compared to men engineers gave the following reasons: \uf0b7 Women engineers imposed limitations on themselves. Women engineers working in non- contractor companies seemed to have more opportunities of advancing in their careers and faced fewer problems of working in non-traditional careers than women engineers working in contractor companies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2009", "words": "547", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Brewer, Graham", "title": "Responsible Corporate Strategy in Construction and Engineering. Doing the Right Thing?", "date": "2011", "keywords": "book; case", "summary": "It is often said that the practice of management in the architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector is highly derivative, that attempts to distinguish it as a separate and distinct area of professional practice are erroneous, and that the best prescription for its low productivity is to imitate best practice from the manufacturing industry \u2013 Egan can't be wrong, can he? Arguably the most important feature of this book is that the first four chapters are followed by a fifth, containing nine case studies of AEC organisations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2106", "words": "6368", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Baroudi, Bassam Michael; Metcalfe, Mike", "title": "A Human Perspective of Contractor Prequalification", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; client; construction; contractor; criteria; economics; industry; journal; management; people; prequalification; research; systems", "summary": "Sifting through their respective experiences allowed for an alternative view of contractor prequalification systems, a very human perspective to emerge. There has been extensive research interest into the functional and process driven aspects of contractor prequalification.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2120", "words": "8352", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Durdyev, Serdar; Mbachu, Jasper", "title": "On-site Labour Productivity of New Zealand Construction Industry: Key Constraints and Improvement Measures", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; constraints; construction; economics; impact; industry; journal; labour; labour productivity; level; new; productivity; project; site; zealand", "summary": "Recommendations for Future Studies This study focused on constraints to construction on-site productivity; however, there are several aspects to construction productivity. Future studies should explore other influencing factors affecting construction productivity at all stages of the procurement process.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2134", "words": "6797", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Ibem, Eziyi Offia; Anosike, Michael Nwabueze; Azuh, Dominic Ezenwa; Mosaku, Tim O.", "title": "Work Stress among Professionals in Building Construction Industry in Nigeria", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; building construction; construction; construction industry; factors; journal; nigeria; professionals; result; stress; work; work stress", "summary": "This is in view of the fact that to date, very little is known about work stress among professionals in the building construction industry in this country. Keywords: Work stress, Building construction Industry, Professionals, Nigeria Introduction In the last few decades, the building construction industry has witnessed tremendous institutional and organizational transformation across the globe.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2171", "words": "7028", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Ramachandra, Thanuja; Rotimi, James Olabode", "title": "The Nature of Payment Problems in the New Zealand Construction Industry", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; cases; construction; construction industry; contractor; disputes; industry; liquidation; new; payment; zealand", "summary": "Summary of construction payment disputes Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Ramachandra, T and Rotimi, J O (2011) \u2018The nature of payment problems in the New Zealand construction industry\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 11 (2) 22-33 29 claimed and schedule amount, non-payment due to defective and incomplete work, non- issuance of payment schedule, etc. The forgoing provides an insight into construction payment delays and losses and show that these are prevalent.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2173", "words": "6320", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Oo, Bee Lan; Abdul-Aziz, Abdul-Rashid; Lim, Yoke Mui", "title": "Information Feedback and Learning in Construction Bidding", "date": "2011", "keywords": "bidding; bids; construction; economics; feedback; information; information feedback; learning; subjects; treatment", "summary": "Also, bidders with full bidding feedback are more competitive than those with partial bidding feedback. At worst, irrelevant bidding feedback information can be ignored by the bidders.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2174", "words": "4904", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Liu, Junxiao; London, Kerry", "title": "Analysing the Relationship between New Housing Supply and Residential Construction Costs with Regional Heterogeneities", "date": "2011", "keywords": "construction; construction costs; costs; economics; housing; housing supply; journal; new; panel; supply", "summary": "However, DiPasquale and Wheaton (1994) can not identify a significant linkage between construction costs and new housing construction. References ABS (2010a) Australian Social Trends, available at: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS /abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/4102.0Jun%202010?OpenDocument (accessed 28 August 2010) ABS (2010b) Building activity, Australia, available at: http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/aus stats//ABS@Archive.nsf/0/0EF2CDFE267B47ADCA25775F0016E358/$File/87520034.xls (accessed 28 August 2010) Davidson, J.E.H., Hendry, D.F., Srba, F. and Yeo, S. (1978) \u2018Econometric modelling of the aggregate time-series relationship between consumers expenditure and income in the United Kingdom\u2019, Economic Journal, 88 (352), 661-692 Dinda, S. and Coondoo, D. (2006) \u2018Income and emission: A panel data-based cointegration analysis\u2019, Ecological Economics, 57 (2), 167-181 DiPasquale, D. (1999) \u2018Why don\u2019t we know more about housing supply?\u2019, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 18 (1), 9-23 DiPasquale, D. and Wheaton, W.C. (1994) \u2018Housing market dynamics and the future of housing prices\u2019, Journal of Urban Economics, 35 (1), 1-27 Engle, R.F. and Granger, C.W.J. (1987) \u2018Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing\u2019, Econometrica, 55 (2), 251-276 Follain, J.R. (1979) \u2018The price elasticity of the long-run supply of new housing construction\u2019, Land Economics, 55 (2), 190-199 Granger, C.W.J. and Newbold, P. (1974) \u2018Spurious regression in econometrics\u2019, Journal of Econometrics, 2 (2), 111-120 Greene, W.H. (2000) Econometric analysis, 4th Edn.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2195", "words": "6196", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Mahamid, Ibrahim", "title": "Early cost estimating for road construction projects using multiple regression techniques", "date": "2011", "keywords": "construction; cost; estimating; model; project; regression; road; table; total; variables", "summary": "Table 4 shows the projects distribution based on project cost. Category No. of projects small 46 medium 43 large 42 Table 4 Projects distribution based on project cost in the collected data Moreover, a consideration is taken to have approximately equal number of projects under each cost category per each year of award.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2198", "words": "9058", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Formoso, Carlos Torres; Isatto, Eduardo Luis", "title": "Three Theoretical Perspectives for Understanding Inter-firm Coordination of Construction Project Supply Chains", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; chain; construction; construction economics; construction project; coordination; design; economics; governance; journal; project; project supply; supply; supply chain", "summary": "Each of those stakeholders can both affect and be affected by the way a project is managed, and none of them usually has the power or the ability to coordinate project supply chains. This paper discusses the role of three different theoretical perspectives for understanding the inter-firm coordination process of project supply chains in the construction industry: the Theory of Coordination, the Transaction Cost Theory and the Language-Action Perspective.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2200", "words": "3214", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Bridge, Adrian John", "title": "Modern Construction Economics", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; chapter; construction; economics; industry; theory", "summary": "Before giving some thought to how far each of the chapters achieve this, it\u201fs worth reflecting on the virtues of developing construction economics as its own discipline or sub-discipline in general economics and the bold manner by which de Valence is proposing we do this. George Ofori in his article in Construction Management and Economics (CME) in 1994 held the view that construction economics cannot be described as a bona fide academic discipline.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2201", "words": "8282", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "27", "author": "Gajendran, Thayaparan; Brewer, Graham; Runeson, Goran; Dainty, Andrew", "title": "Investigating informality in construction: philosophy, paradigm and practice", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; construction; construction economics; data; economics; informality; journal; management; methods; paradigm; process; project; research; studies; study", "summary": "The aim is neither to unearth the \u2017roots\u2018 of informality research, nor to give an in-depth account of informality research in other disciplines. In this paper, it is argued that informality research can be conceptualised through four aspects, and that these aspects influence the design of the research approach/methodological paradigms, and vice versa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2216", "words": "838", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "23", "author": "Runeson, Goran", "title": "The Demise of the Journal Ranking: A Victory for Common Sense", "date": "2011", "keywords": "arc; journal; ranking", "summary": "ARC General Sheil: The accusations are out there, sir: a massive waste of time and money, sullying the reputation of countless journals, closure of others, screwing up university recruitment and promotion processes, influencing the entire culture of scholarship and publications, undermining Australian journals, changing rankings without any reasons being given, excessive secrecy over the ranking process . . . In the case of Construction Management, among several other irregularities, including a distorted perception of Open Access journals by at least one senior member of the ranking committee who arbitrarily decided and enforced that no Open Access journal would be given an A ranking despite the fact that there were numerous examples of A* and A rankings of such journals in other disciplines.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2234", "words": "4526", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Ogbeifun, Edoghogho", "title": "Training Artisans On-Site", "date": "2011", "keywords": "artisans; building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; economics; industry; project; site; skills; training", "summary": "\u2018Training artisans on-site\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 11 (3) 82-91 84 relatives of the trainers, therefore no fee is charged; The principle adopted is that of \u201elearning by doing\u201f with piecemeal briefings from the trainer, the trainee learns as much as the trainer knows and is willing to pass on to the trainee which is limited by the situations encountered in the project site(s) during the training period; Within the period of training, the trainee remains with one master craftsman; Three grades of artisans training are generally recognised but there is no definite structure for determining the boundaries of each grade; The foremen determine when a trainee is competent enough to graduate from any particular grade (Stretton, 1981). Conclusion The concept of executing construction projects from simple to complex areas as a tool for training artisans on-site in the construction industry provides a potential solution to the dearth of skilled artisan in the industry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2238", "words": "10864", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Lowe, David; Skitmore, Martin", "title": "The learning climate of chartered quantity surveying practices", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; climate; construction; economics; experience; factor; journal; lcq; learning; organisation; practices; practitioners; quantity; size", "summary": "Likewise, perceptions of human support and working practices within organisations increase significantly with length of time in the profession; larger organisations have more advanced staff development systems but provide less human support; and the learning environment both overall and in terms of working practices correlates positively with learning styles and approaches to learning. Several researchers have hypothesised that learning styles affect behaviour in the workplace (Gish, 1980; Manring, 1979; Miller, 1978; Sims, 1983).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2239", "words": "12641", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Oluwatayo, Adedapo Adewunmi; Amole, Dolapo", "title": "Architectural firms: workforce, business strategy and performance", "date": "2011", "keywords": "architects; building; business strategy; characteristics; construction; construction economics; economics; firms; influence; journal; management; number; performance; professional; resource; service firms; staff; strategy; study; workforce; workforce characteristics", "summary": "The study of professional service firm performance by Greenwood et al (2005) however revealed a negative correlation between number of professionals and the performance of the firms. \u2018Predicting construction firm performance: an empirical assessment of the differential impact between industry- and firm-specific factors\u2019, Construction Management and Economics, 24 (3), 309 - 320 http://www.rics.org/site/download_feed.aspx?fileID=3035&fileExtension=PDF Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Oluwatayo, A A and Amole, D (2011) \u2018Architectural firms: workforce, business strategy and performance\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 11 (4) 21-44 41 Raiden, A. B., Dainty, A. R. J. and Neale, R. H. (2008) \u2018Understanding employee resourcing in construction organizations\u2019, Construction Management and Economics, 26 (11), 1133 - 1143 Rameezdeen, R. and Ramachandra T. (2008) \u2018Construction linkages in a developing economy: the case of Sri Lanka\u2019, Construction Management and Economics, 26 (5), 499-506 Register of Architectural Firms entitled to practice in the federal republic of Nigeria, 2006 edition Reich, R. B. (1991)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2271", "words": "8083", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Idoro, Godwin Iroroakpo", "title": "Influence in-sourcing and outsourcing of consultants on construction project performance in Nigeria", "date": "2011", "keywords": "construction; consultants; cost; engineers; journal; outsourced; outsourcing; overrun; performance; project; use", "summary": "The results of the hypothesis are expected to assist clients to know the effect of engaging the two types of consultants and which consultants to source in-house or outside Conceptual Framework of the Study Three categories of variables namely: project consultant, consultant source and project performance were used in the study. For the test of the hypothesis, data collected on the use of the two variables of project consultants and the respondents\u2019 assessment of the twelve variables of project performance as stated in the research methods were used.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2276", "words": "9842", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Smith, Peter", "title": "Information Technology and the QS Practice", "date": "2011", "keywords": "australian; building; cad; construction; firms; industry; information; information technology; profession; quantities; quantity; services; technology; use", "summary": "1 Total Number of Employees 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 1 1 > 5 5 > 10 10 > 20 20 > 50 50 + % of respondent firms 1999 1998 Fig. 2 Age of Firm 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% <2 yrs 2-5 yrs 5>10 yrs 10>20yrs 20yrs + % of respondent firms 1999 1998 Information Technology and the QS Practice by Peter Smith The Australian Journal of Construction Economics & Building Page 9 the new bread & butter of the profession. I n c om e - N o n B u ild in g S e r v ic e s 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0% < 5% 5-10% 10-20% 20-50% 50% + % of respondent firms 1999 1998 1995 F ig .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2277", "words": "5821", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Chan, Albert P C; Ho, Denny K C; Tam, C M", "title": "Design and Build: Views from some Major Public Clients in Hong Kong", "date": "2001", "keywords": "building; client; construction; d&b; design; method; procurement; project; public", "summary": "Moreover, client\u2019s past experience with D&B project is influential in deciding the adoption of D&B method for future projects. If clients have bad experience with D&B project, they may become more cautious of using D&B method because poor performance could recur.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2278", "words": "5171", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Lawther, Peter M; Edwards, Peter J", "title": "Design Cost Modelling - The Way Forward", "date": "2001", "keywords": "building; construction; cost; cost modelling; design; modelling; process; quantity; resource; techniques", "summary": "Thus the criticisms of traditional product based cost modelling techniques are focused upon two main concerns: \u2022 Firstly, the lack of an explicit relationship between the cost modelling techniques and the construction process. These studies indicate that whilst consultant quantity surveyors do at times make use of resource based cost modelling techniques in some semblance, they clearly prefer to use traditional product based cost modelling techniques.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2279", "words": "4621", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Smallwood, John; Venter, Danie", "title": "The Role of Media in South African Health and Safety", "date": "2011", "keywords": "construction; editors; h&s; industry; magazines; media; role; safety; south", "summary": "Research Given the findings of literature, a descriptive survey was conducted among editors of construction industry and H&S magazines/journals, the objectives being to determine: \u2022 the level of knowledge and awareness of editors with respect to H&S; \u2022 perceptions with respect to H&S performance in the construction industry; \u2022 the current and potential contribution and role of the written media, and \u2022 perceptions with respect to the potential of various stakeholders to contribute to improving H&S. 18 Editors responded to the national postal survey, which represents a response rate of 64.3%. \u2022 \u201cThe media needs to: compare the construction industry with others in South Africa to see how bad it is; compare with construction industries overseas to see if we do well, or badly, and monitor trends to see if we are improving.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2280", "words": "6106", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "de Valence, Gerard", "title": "Defining an Industry: What is the Size and Scope of the Australian Building and Construction Industry", "date": "2011", "keywords": "australia; building; construction; construction industry; economics; firms; industry; products; scope; services; size; total; valence", "summary": "These include the regulatory, institutional and technological structures in a framework for construction industry firms. Clearly, the future structure of the building and construction industry is becoming a point of debate among researchers and analysts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2281", "words": "7244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Tse, R Y C; Raftery, John", "title": "Infrastructure Policy and Economic Growth: Case of Hong Kong", "date": "2001", "keywords": "capital; case; construction; development; economic; government; growth; hong; hong kong; infrastructure; investment; kong; policy; projects; sector", "summary": "Once we have established the basis for public infrastructure project, we have to examine the impact of government finance on private incentives and resource use. The next section discusses government\u2019s role in infrastructure investment in Hong Kong, and draw attention to the trend for privatization of infrastructure projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2282", "words": "5050", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Wasi, Daniel; Skitmore, Martin", "title": "Factors Affecting the Performance of Small Indigenous Contractors in Papau New Guinea", "date": "2001", "keywords": "building; construction; contractors; factors; management; performance; skills; work", "summary": "Small indigenous contractors in PNG face similar problems as small contractors in other developing countries and their performance is thought to be poor. In addition, small contractors in developing countries experience a shortage in skilled labour due to the salary and the security of employment offered by large construction companies being greater than that offered by the small contractor (ILO, 1987:40-3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2283", "words": "6799", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Weddikkara, Citra; Devapriya, Kapila", "title": "Demand and Supply Trends and Construction Industry Development: A Case Study in the Sri Lankan Construction Industry", "date": "2001", "keywords": "building; construction; construction industry; contractors; demand; development; industry; industry development; lanka; projects; sector; sri; supply; trends", "summary": "Raftery et al (1998), observe that vertical integration of construction projects in Asia is necessitated by an effective way of overcoming a firm\u2019s weakness or other drawbacks in competitive markets. However, limitations of the effectiveness of such programs are to be seen in potential conflicts involving priorities between delivering construction projects on time, within cost and quality targets the accomplishment of TT objectives (Simkoko, 1992).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2284", "words": "3602", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Wood, Brian", "title": "Sustainability of Construction Education", "date": "2011", "keywords": "construction; courses; education; industry; learning; students; sustainability; time; wood", "summary": "Students as Customers The profile of construction students in terms of age, entry qualifications, gender, etc is not \u2018typical\u2019 of university students generally. There is also a significant proportion of mature students on construction courses, helping universities provide broader access to higher education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2285", "words": "538", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Jeary, Alan", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2011", "keywords": "australian; journal", "summary": "It should be pointed out to non-native English speakers that the description of this by the euphemism \u201cGo away, find out\u201d avoids a classical profanity. These papers bring a breathtaking international view to this issue of the Journal from which we hope to build in future editions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2295", "words": "4765", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Fereidouni, Hassan Gholipour", "title": "Factors contributing to the fluctuations in residential construction in Iran", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; construction; economics; gdp; housing; investment; iran; journal; prices; sector", "summary": "Therefore, housing construction can lead recoveries and recessions in the economy of Iran. By applying cointegration approach, the empirical results show that housing prices, construction costs, GDP and gold prices are important factors to predict changes in the level of residential construction in Iran.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2297", "words": "9533", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "25", "author": "Sporrong, Josefin", "title": "Criteria in consultant selection: public procurement of architectural and engineering services", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; construction; criteria; economics; engineering; engineering services; journal; management; price; procurement; projects; public; selection; services", "summary": "Keywords: Public procurement, Selection, Consultants, Sweden Introduction The performance of architectural and engineering consultants strongly influences the quality and costs of built facilities. \u2018Criteria in consultant selection: public procurement of architectural and engineering services\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 11 (4) 59-76 60 criteria.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2311", "words": "8633", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Rose, Marianne", "title": "Can Project Alliance Contracts deliver Australia\u2019s National Broadband Network?", "date": "2011", "keywords": "alliance; broadband network; building; construction; contract; fibre; government; model; national; nbn; nbn co; nbn project; project", "summary": "NBN Today Just shy of one year on, NBN Co confirmed on 1 April 2011 that it was suspending the tender process in the view that terms and prices were unacceptable after four rounds of http://www.nbnco.com.au/assets/media-releases/2010/nbnco-media-release-telstra-heads-of-agreement-20-jun-10.pdf http://www.nbnco.com.au/assets/media-releases/2010/nbnco-media-release-telstra-heads-of-agreement-20-jun-10.pdf Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Rose, M (2011) \u2018Can project alliance contracts deliver Australia\u2019s national broadband network?\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 11 (3) 68-81 72 negotiations (NBN Co 2011c, http://www.nbnco.com.au/news-and-events/news/nbn-co- looks-for-greater-value-from-construction-tender.html). http://www.nbnco.com.au/news-and-events/news/nbn-co-looks-for-greater-value-from-construction-tender.html http://www.nbnco.com.au/news-and-events/news/nbn-co-looks-for-greater-value-from-construction-tender.html http://www.nbnco.com.au/news-and-events/news/nbnco-silcar-reach-agreement-to-deliver-value-for-money-fibre-rollout.html http://www.nbnco.com.au/news-and-events/news/nbnco-silcar-reach-agreement-to-deliver-value-for-money-fibre-rollout.html http://www.telstra.com.au/abouttelstra/download/document/tls795-nom-em-voting.pdf http://www.telstra.com.au/abouttelstra/download/document/tls795-nom-em-voting.pdf http://www.nbnco.com.au/news-and-events/news/%20nbn-co--optus-sign-binding-agreement.html http://www.nbnco.com.au/news-and-events/news/%20nbn-co--optus-sign-binding-agreement.html Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Rose, M (2011) \u2018Can project alliance contracts deliver Australia\u2019s national broadband network?\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 11 (3) 68-81 73 By recommending that NBN Co only offer Layer 2 bitstream services (DBCDE 2010, pp.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2312", "words": "1233", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Cheung, Sai On", "title": "Scientific Feng Shui for the Built Environment", "date": "2011", "keywords": "chapter; feng; shui", "summary": "In Chapter 11, an example of a 6-star rated office development in Sydney is used to compare the concepts of Western sustainable design and Chinese Feng Shui. Overall, this is an interesting introduction to Feng Shui, a handy reference on the applications of Feng Shui concepts to the built environment and a thought-provoking read on a scientific approach to explain Feng Shui.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2313", "words": "1876", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "de Valence, Geard", "title": "The Lords of Strategy: The Secret History of the new Corporate World", "date": "2011", "keywords": "bcg; book; business; construction; strategy", "summary": "The founder of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), Bruce Henderson, was the originator of business strategy as we know it today. What it did do was build client relationships and make Porter\u2019s value chain the closest thing we have to a universal concept in business strategy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2323", "words": "4803", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Karamujic, Harry M", "title": "Modelling seasonality in Australian building approvals", "date": "2012", "keywords": "australian; building; construction; economics; journal; modelling; seasonal; seasonality; time; trend", "summary": "The examination of the out-of-sample forecasting power of the three models clearly shows that the seasonality apparent in the actual data is well picked up by specifications entailing deterministic seasonal factor, corroborating the earlier finding that the seasonal pattern in the number of dwelling units approved in Victoria is deterministic and not stochastic. This is done by estimating three modelling specifications comprised of stochastic and deterministic trend and seasonal components.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2330", "words": "8635", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Ramanathan, Chidambaram; Narayanan, S P; Idrus, Arazi B", "title": "Construction delays causing risks on time and cost - a critical review", "date": "2012", "keywords": "assaf; building; construction; construction economics; contractor; cost; delays; economics; et.al; factors; journal; management; project; time", "summary": "Table 7 Comparison of previous studies on delay and cost overrun in construction projects in different Countries (a): Delay and cost overruns; (b): Delays only; (c): Cost overruns only Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Ramanathan, C et al. (2012) \u2018Construction delays causing risks on time and cost \u2013 a critical review\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 12 (1) 37-57 55 This study has identified 113 distinct factors classified into 18 groups responsible for delays through critical review of 41 previous research studies performed in the relevant field. Abstract There is an increase in the number of construction projects experiencing extensive delays leading to exceeding the initial time and cost budget.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2358", "words": "7736", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Morrison, Emily; Thurnell, Derek", "title": "Employee preferences for work-life benefits in a large New Zealand construction company", "date": "2012", "keywords": "balance; benefits; construction; employees; francis; life; life balance; life benefits; lingard; new; work; zealand", "summary": "The concept of work-life balance has evolved in response to a changing culture where work has become more demanding of both sexes and free time has become less available, in turn increasing pressures in both domains causing endemic work-life imbalance (Dallimore & Mickel 2006; Lewis, Gambles & Rapoport 2007; Families and Work Institute 2008). Rates of employment have increased for women and remained constant for men resulting in less time available outside of work.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2427", "words": "4789", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Mahamid, Ibrahim; Bruland, Amund", "title": "Cost diviation in road construction projects: The case of Palestine", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; construction projects; cost; deviation; estimates; projects; road; road construction", "summary": "Abstract This paper investigates the statistical relationship between actual and estimated cost of road construction projects using data from road construction projects awarded in the West Bank in Palestine over the years 2004\u20132008. This paper presents the statistical relationship between actual and estimated cost of road construction projects using data from road construction projects awarded in the West Bank in Palestine over the years 2004\u20132008.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2428", "words": "647", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Br\u00f6chner, Jan", "title": "Constructing futures: Industry leaders and futures thinking in construction", "date": "2011", "keywords": "construction; industry", "summary": "Thus says George Ferguson, RIBA ex-president, one of the fifteen influential people in UK construction who have been interviewed by Chan and Cooper. The semi- scientific Delphi method, based on independent and anonymous expert guesses, merged with old-style commissions of the great and the good to create the foresight style of cosy discussion of industry problems.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2429", "words": "1377", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Zillante, George", "title": "Construction management: understanding and leading an ethical project team", "date": "2011", "keywords": "book; construction; industry", "summary": "The book is easy to read and, although North American biased, is generic enough to be understood by most construction industry professionals in most countries around the world. Module 3 deals with project owners and construction managers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2432", "words": "5578", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Li, Rita Yi Man", "title": "Econometric modelling of risk adverse behaviours of entrepreneurs in the provision of house fittings in China", "date": "2012", "keywords": "brand; building; china; construction; costs; developers; economics; entrepreneurs; fittings; housing; journal; risk; units", "summary": "Housing developers are no different. This paper analyses the factors affecting housing developers\u2018 decisions to provide fittings based on 1701 housing developments in Hangzhou, Chongqing and Hangzhou using a Probit model.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2433", "words": "6363", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Loosemore, Martin; Phua, Florence T T; Teo, Melissa; Dunn, Kevin D", "title": "Management strategies to harness cultural diversity in Australian construction sites - a social identity perspective", "date": "2012", "keywords": "companies; construction; diversity; economics; groups; identity; journal; management; perspective; sites; strategies", "summary": "In stage one, we undertook a survey of operatives to identify attitudes about cultural diversity and towards other cultural groups; the positive and negative functions of cultural groupings; the impact of discrimination and racism on constructing inter-communal relations and work practices; and finally existing policies and strategies in dealing with cultural diversity on Australian construction sites. Indeed, most managers saw ethnic diversity strategies and affirmative action plans as discriminatory and unfair since such strategies may favour some groups over others.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2438", "words": "7651", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "de Valence, Gerard; Runeson, G\u00f6ran", "title": "On the state of the building industry after the GFC and the Euro crisis", "date": "2011", "keywords": "building; building industry; construction; construction economics; construction industry; construction sector; crisis; growth; industry; projects; sector; years", "summary": "When Danish property prices began declining a few years ago, construction demand suffered. However, as reconstruction after WWII happened during a short period, there will be another period ahead (maybe in 20 years) when new construction will pick up considerably.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2474", "words": "5708", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Finnie, David", "title": "Contract delay: what is it and how are we performing?", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; construction; contract; delay; management; principal; programme; project; time", "summary": "Abstract This paper examines the management of contract delays in the construction industry as cur- rently practised, and suggests some best practice alternative methods. Research results about the level of contractor\u2019s time management skills were analysed to determine the relat- ed impact on their ability to manage contract delays.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2487", "words": "615", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Loosemore, Martin", "title": "Risk management for design and construction", "date": "2012", "keywords": "book; risk", "summary": "Issues of risk appetite, risk tolerance and risk attitude are also considered in some detail in how they can influence the risk-based estimating process. Later chapters go into the practicalities of collecting risk data to populate the models described.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2507", "words": "1126", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Reed, Richard", "title": "Evaluating sustainable development in the built environment, 2nd edition", "date": "2012", "keywords": "chapter; development; environment", "summary": "The final chapter in the book is chapter nine (Education and Research) which is designed to examine the largest single challenge facing sustainable development in the built environment, namely how to educate the stakeholders and also undertake meaningful research. AJCEB book review Book Review Evaluating Sustainable Development in the Built Environment, 2nd Edition Peter S Brandon, Patrizia Lombardi, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2011, 280 pages, ISBN: 978-1-4051-9258-3 (Hardcover), AUD 125.00 NZD 140.00, USD 96.99, GBP 60.95, EURO 79.90 The title of this book being \u201cEvaluating Sustainable Development in the Built Environment\u201d is ideally suited as the content is directly aligned with the keywords of built environment, development and sustainability.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2537", "words": "5797", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Best, Rick; Purdey, Brian", "title": "Assessing occupant comfort in an iconic sustainable education building", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; comfort; construction; economics; green; journal; noise; occupant; overall; users", "summary": "The advent of green buildings in recent years has seen some major changes in the way base buildings are designed with much greater emphasis on energy efficiency, material choice and water usage. But with the advent of green buildings there has been a renewed interest in the satisfaction of occupants of these buildings.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2583", "words": "7879", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Aranda-Mena, Guillermo; Gameson, Rod", "title": "An alignment model for the research higher degree supervision process using repertory grids - reflections on application in practice in built environment research", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; construction; degree; economics; environment; grids; journal; model; phd; practice; process; repertory; research; student; supervision", "summary": "Harman (2003) also identified the issue of an expansion in PhD enrolments in Australia since the early 1990\u2019s, suggesting that universities had not kept pace with the needs of a growing body of research students, leading to increasing levels of student dissatisfaction. On the other hand it is generally expected that research students should develop their own ideas and test their own hypotheses \u2013 and not that of their supervisors (Harman, 2003).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2584", "words": "8142", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Carson, Chris; Abbott, Malcolm", "title": "A review of productivity analysis of the New Zealand construction industry", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; construction; construction industry; economics; growth; industry; labour; new; new zealand; output; productivity; zealand; zealand construction", "summary": "Most research on construction industry productivity tends to be concerned more with site level labour productivity, which has a more direct relevance to industry management (Ganesan 1984; References Allen, S.G. (1985) \u2018Why construction industry productivity is declining\u2019, Review of economic statistics, 117 (4), 661-665 Alterman, J. and E.E. Jacobs (1961) \u2018Estimates of real product in the United States by industrial sector, 1947-1955, Output, input and productivity measurement, National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton University press Barton, G.T., and M.R. Cooper (1948) \u2018Relation or agricultural production to inputs\u2019, Review of economics and statistics, 30 (7), 117-126 Black, M., Guy, M. and N. McLellan (2003) Productivity in New Zealand 1988 to 2002, Treasury Working paper 03/06, Wellington, The Treasury Bollard, A. and R. Barrow (2012) \u2018Could we be better off than we think?\u2019", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2628", "words": "12749", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "29", "author": "Konanahalli, Ashwini; Oyedele, Lukumon O.; Coates, Ron; von Meding, Jason; Spillane, John", "title": "International projects and cross-cultural adjustments of British expatriates in Middle East: A qualitative investigation of influencing factors", "date": "2012", "keywords": "adjustment; assignments; black; british; building; construction; construction economics; cross; east; economics; et al; expatriates; factors; focus; groups; international; interviews; journal; management; middle; projects; qualitative; research; work", "summary": "Since the aim of this study is to investigate organisational, non-work and work determinants of expatriate adjustment, the individual factors have not been discussed. Since this study aimed to capture a holistic view of expatriate adjustment, no initial estimate of interviews was considered by the researchers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2641", "words": "8626", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Thangaraj, Ram Karthikeyan; Chan, Toong Khuan", "title": "The effects of the global financial crisis on the Australian building construction supply chain", "date": "2012", "keywords": "asx; building; building construction; companies; construction; construction economics; economics; gfc; journal; property; ratio; reits; year", "summary": "Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Sales Revenue Building Material Suppliers (Change, % year-on-year) 19,926 20,961 5.2% 24,454 16.7% 23,775 -2.8% 22,136 -6.95 Building Contractors (Change, % year-on-year) 1,506 2,068 37.3% 2,455 18.7% 2,495 1.6% 2,514 0.8% Property Developers (Change, % year-on-year) 7,205 9,323 29.4% 7,827 -16.1% 6,903 -11.8% 6,810 -1.4% A-REITs (Change, % year-on-year) 1,636 2,762 68.8% 2,294 -16.9% 1,331 -42.0% 1,493 12.2% Net Assets Building Material Suppliers (Change, % year-on-year) 10,404 11,936 14.7% 12,725 6.6% 15,105 18.7% 15,731 4.1% Building Contractors (Change, % year-on-year) 152 248 63.1% 301 21.2% 329 9.5% 357 8.4% Property Developers (Change, % year-on-year) 13,137 17,676 34.6% 18,760 6.1% 18,693 -0.4% 19,705 5.4% A-REITs (Change, % year-on-year) 6,187 8,102 30.9% 10,134 25.1% 9,521 -6.0% 9,132 -4.1% Table 2 Sales revenue and Net assets (AUD million) for years 2006 to 2010 Ratios measuring profitability, liquidity, activity, leverage and solvency are generally accepted as the most significant indicators of corporate performance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2658", "words": "2691", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Oke, Ayodeji Emmanuel; Ogunsami, Deji Rufus; Ogunlana, Stephen", "title": "Establishing a common ground for the use of structural equation modelling for construction related research studies", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; equation; fit; modelling; research; sem", "summary": "The study also recommended appropriate sample size as well as cut-off value for various required goodness- of-fit tests of SEM model. Research Methodology A review of existing literature in the area of SEM was carried out with emphasis on differences in approaches, software programs, sample size, data and respondents' type as well as necessary tests required in the final selection of SEM model.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2662", "words": "3930", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Best, Rick", "title": "International comparisons of cost and productivity in construction: a bad example", "date": "2012", "keywords": "aus; building; construction; cost; data; usd", "summary": "Extracts: Prices and Purchasing Power Parities, Accessed 19 June 2012 http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?r=287888 Rawlinsons (2012) Australian Construction Handbook, 30th edition, Rawlhouse Publishers, Perth The Economist (2012) Big Mac Index, Accessed 21 June 2012 http://www.economist.com/node/21542808 Turner & Townsend (2012) International construction cost survey 2012 http://www.turnerandtownsend.com/construction-cost-2012/_16803.html Vermande, H. and van Mulligen, P-H. (1999) \u2018Construction costs in The Netherlands in an international context\u2019, Construction Management and Economics, 17, 269-283 Walsh, K. and Sawhney, A. (2002) International Comparison of Cost for the Construction Sector: Towards a Conceptual Model for Purchasing Power Parity. Keywords: International comparisons, Construction costs, Purchasing power parities, Productivity Introduction The following appeared in in a leading national newspaper in June 2012 (Hepworth 2012)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2724", "words": "5336", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Arashpour, Mehrdad; Shabanikia, Majeed; Arashpour, Mohammadreza", "title": "Valuing the contribution of knowledge-oriented workers to projects: a merit based approach in the construction industry", "date": "2015", "keywords": "arashpour; building; construction; construction industry; economics; factors; industry; journal; knowledge; management; workers", "summary": "Keywords: Construction industry, knowledge-oriented workers, salary scale formulation Introduction As a rule of thumb the objective of any payment system is to attract, hold, and motivate employees. Replication of this study in construction industries in other regions of the world is recommended.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2743", "words": "523", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Stevens, Matt", "title": "Construction item pricing for more profit and less risk", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; pricing", "summary": "Price USD 34.95, ZAR 265.00 David Cattell has written the next evolution in construction pricing approaches and strategies. Construction pricing is the first opportunity for construction firms to improve a project\u2019s financial outcome.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2749", "words": "759", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Wang, Xiangyu", "title": "BIM Handbook: A guide to Building Information Modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers and contractors", "date": "2012", "keywords": "bim; book; technologies", "summary": "Chapter 8 discusses some future trends, and it would have been particularly inspiring if it could have covered the details of how to bring BIM onsite, which is very important if BIM is to fulfil its full potentials as originally promised. It gives a holistic picture of the fundamentals for understanding BIM.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2751", "words": "3607", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "de Valence, Gerard", "title": "A theory of construction management?", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; management; production; project; research; theory", "summary": "So, are management theories of production product-based or process-based? Processes are secondary, because they are bundled with the production decision, and despite the appearance of diversity in the range of management theories, the approach taken typically treats the firm as a \u2018black box\u2019 that turns inputs into outputs using a range of capabilities (Porter 1980).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2808", "words": "7300", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Dada, Joshua Oluwasuji; Jagboro, Godwin Onajite", "title": "Core skills requirement and competencies expected of quantity surveyors: perspectives from quantity surveyors, allied professionals and clients in Nigeria", "date": "2015", "keywords": "building; competencies; construction; core; economics; engineering; journal; management; quantity; quantity surveyors; skills; surveying", "summary": "However, the general literature on quantity surveying skill and competence illustrates a multiplicity of perspectives (Nkado and Meyer, 2001; Crafford and Smallwood, 2007; Babalola, 2009). In the built environment, the art of selecting the required skills and competencies expected of quantity surveyors and understanding the inherent dependencies between them remains a research issue.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2830", "words": "8916", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Jaafar, Mastura; Mohd Radzi, Nurhidayah", "title": "Level of satisfaction and issues with procurement systems used in the Malaysian public sector", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; construction; economics; industry; journal; malaysian; management; mean; problems; procurement; procurement systems; project; public; satisfaction; sector; system", "summary": "These organizations were selected because they are the actual players in the construction industry, and they have important roles in managing project procurement systems. Keywords: Procurement system, Problem, Satisfaction level, Public sector, Construction industry Introduction Public sector organisations exist for the ultimate benefit of the public citizenry (Gould, 1997).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2871", "words": "5750", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Saha, Swapan; Greville, Colin; Mullins, Trevor", "title": "Optimisation of Construction Process Inspection Rates using a Learning Approach", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; cost; inspection; lot; number; plan; quality; sample; sampling; size", "summary": "Therefore, optimisation of inspection costs based on certain quality levels would be valuable. The minimum cost model (MCM) is developed using different categories of quality costs, namely prevention cost, appraisal cost and failure/rectification cost.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2872", "words": "5144", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Teo, Ai-Lin; Runeson, Goran", "title": "Aspects of Market Differentiation in the Building Industry", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; construction; differentiation; economics; firms; industry; markets; resources; structure", "summary": "Aims The specific aim of the study was test the hypothesis: that different markets have significantly different requirements in terms of resources, organisational structure and skills1, and to establish the main strategic aspects of the use of differentiation as a survival technique in the building industry. The hypothesis behind this paper is that different types of buildings require different types of resources and therefore are produced in what is in effect different markets, but very little is known about movements between different markets, what the opportunities and constraints are and in particular, how firms select the markets they diversify into, or how they obtain and allocate their resources between different markets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2873", "words": "6442", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Stewart, Peter", "title": "The Role of E-Commerce Systems for the Construction Industry", "date": "2012", "keywords": "applications; business; commerce; companies; construction; construction industry; industry; internet; new; number; systems; use", "summary": "E-business designs The adoption of e-business systems is often undertaken with a focus on maximizing value and reducing the risks associated with implementation. The BuildOnline web site provides a series of case studies that can be used to illustrate the competitive advantage of adopting e-business systems.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2874", "words": "4602", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Smallwood, John; Venter, Danie", "title": "The Role of the Media in South African Construction Health and Safety (H&S)", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; editors; h&s; industry; magazines; media; role; safety; south", "summary": "Research Given the findings of literature, a descriptive survey was conducted among editors of construction industry and H&S magazines/journals, the objectives being to determine: \u2022 the level of knowledge and awareness of editors with respect to H&S; \u2022 perceptions with respect to H&S performance in the construction industry; \u2022 the current and potential contribution and role of the written media, and \u2022 perceptions with respect to the potential of various stakeholders to contribute to improving H&S. 18 Editors responded to the national postal survey, which represents a response rate of 64.3%. \u2022 \u201cThe media needs to: compare the construction industry with others in South Africa to see how bad it is; compare with construction industries overseas to see if we do well, or badly, and monitor trends to see if we are improving.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2875", "words": "5029", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Wilkinson, Suzanne", "title": "An Analysis of the Use of Information Technology for Project Management in the New Zealand Construction Industry", "date": "2012", "keywords": "companies; construction; management; new; project; project management; software; zealand", "summary": "The barriers to the use of the project management software raised by Doherty (1997) hold, although this more detailed research has uncovered other problems associated with project management software use. This paper discusses some of the deficiencies in the use of project management software in the New Zealand construction industry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2876", "words": "4366", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Jeary, Alan; Jeary, Ian", "title": "The Influence of Flooding Risk on Infrastructure Development in Western Sydney", "date": "2012", "keywords": "area; flood; flooding; jeary; risk; windsor", "summary": "Summary of responses about perceived flood risk recurrence Frequency % Cumulative percentage No. of replies Never 36.4 36.4 12 Every 1 year 0.0 36.4 0 The bridge at Windsor crosses the Hawkesbury river and represents a datum for the measurement of the height of flood waters.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2877", "words": "4188", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Cheung, Sai-On; Lam, Ka-Chi; Wong, Schek-Sau; Wong, Sik-Hung", "title": "The Fee Sensitive Risk Exposures of Project Authorized Person in Hong Kong", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; building ordinance; construction; liabilities; project; project ap; risk", "summary": "Reported study on project AP is limited. The study reported in this paper seeks to identify the risk exposures that critically affect the fee of project AP.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2878", "words": "4446", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Najjir, George; Love, Philip; Runeson, Goran", "title": "Issues for the Global Construction Market", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; construction industry; development; economics; global; globalization; industry; market; new; technology", "summary": "Conclusion Globalization for the construction industry and construction organisations is creating a new type of construction industry, high technology and vertically integrated that will operate side by side but totally independent of the conventional, low technology industry. Quantifying any globalization based construction industry development and any subsequent improvement in efficiency and effectiveness will not be possible if the major theses of this paper is accepted: that globalisation will create a new industry and that there will be little contact between the old and the new industry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2879", "words": "3496", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Nimcharoenwon, Pongchai; Miller, Graham", "title": "Combating the 'Sick Building Syndrome' by Improving Indoor Air Quality", "date": "2012", "keywords": "air; building; ions; nil; vdt", "summary": "The test was 2 a contact a balancing charge Surface charged during contracting 1 2 negative ions attracted a negative charge ------------ + + + + + a positive charge After contacting Figure 6: Electric charge surfaces of two building materials 1 Combating the \u2018Sick Building Syndrome\u2019 by Improving Indoor Air Quality by Pongchai Nimcharoewon and Graham Miller Page 88 The Australian Journal of Construction Economics & Building performed in two different areas: a typical air-conditioned office (3m x 3m x 2.4mH), and a room (6m x 3m x 2.4mH), which was used for testing only the effects of an air conditioning system, and the density of negative ions outside the rooms (Dneg) - about 1,500 ions/cc. DOF-NIL showed the results in terms of negative ion density (ions/cc) in the rooms, and the rate (ions/hr) of negative ions reduced by VDT\u2019s and BC\u2019s with +- 15% error of VDT and BC effects. The DOF-NIL formula can be used to estimate the loss in terms of negative ion density (ions/cc) by HVAC, and the rate (ions/hr) of negative ions reduced by VDT\u2019s and BC\u2019s.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2880", "words": "529", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Jeary, Alan", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "journal", "summary": "This, second edition in year 2001, marks a successful first year for the journal, and if this edition receives the same type of feedback as did the first, then we will be well pleased with it\u2019s reception. Much of our concept of values and risk in everyday life is based on the assumption that things will remain substantially similar to the way we find them now.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2881", "words": "299", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Jeary, Alan", "title": "Releasing Brownfields", "date": "2012", "keywords": "publication", "summary": "The publication has emerged as a result of a two year study conducted by Professor Syms in the UK, and is a response to a political initiative intended to address the question of the physical regeneration of ageing cities. Twenty case examples would be of use and interest to any who would be involved with such a problem and chapters on risk assessment, Environmental concerns, the local community\u201fs concerns, transport and valuing brownfield land will strike a chord with developers and local authorities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2882", "words": "5825", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Manley, Karen; Marceau, Jane", "title": "Integrated Manufacturing-Services Businesses in the Australian Building and Construction Sector", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; construction; design; manufacturers; manufacturing; project; respondents; sector; services; work", "summary": "For customised output, such services can be considered part of the manufacturing proc- ess that make the product saleable. Such services primarily involved providing clients with information regarding the characteristics of the material, product, machinery or equipment supplied.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2883", "words": "6825", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Soetanto, Robby; Proverbs, David", "title": "Modelling Client Satisfaction Levels: The Impact of Contractor Performance", "date": "2012", "keywords": "0\u201310; assessment; attributes; building; client; construction; contractor; importance; journal; levels; likert; models; performance; project; satisfaction; variables", "summary": "THE IMPACT OF CONTRACTOR PERFORMANCE THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ECONOMICS AND BUILDING VOL.2 NO.1 15 Table 1: List of independent variables of clients' assessment of contractor performance Identified variables Possible significant variables at 5% Variables for modelling Variable name Measure Satisfaction attributes Assessor RSEDU (1,2,3) respondent education nominal RSPRO involved in project years RSCOM working for company years RS5YR involved in similar projects within 5 years No. RSSATPR satisfaction on project performance likert 0\u201310 RSSATCO RSSATCO satisfaction on contractor performance likert 0\u201310 RSCON1 perception on contractor image likert 0\u201310 RSCON2 RSCO24 perception on contractor claims likert 0\u201310 RSCON3 perception on contractor on time likert 0\u201310 RSCON4 perception on contractor contractual likert 0\u201310 RSCON5 RSCO57 perception on contractor untidy likert 0\u201310 RSCON6 perception on contractor inefficient likert 0\u201310 RSCON7 perception on contractor technology likert 0\u201310 Company assessor CLNAT nature of client business nominal CL/AREST company establishment years CL/AREMP number of employees No. CL/ARATO company annual turn over Sterling (M) CL/ARABWNO no. annual building works No. CL/ARABWVA total value of annual building works THE IMPACT OF CONTRACTOR PERFORMANCE THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ECONOMICS AND BUILDING VOL.2 NO.1 17 Table 2: List of contractor performance criteria based on clients' opinion Contractor performance criteria Code Pre-construction stage ~ First interview and presentation P1 ~ Ability and willingness to help develop brief P2 ~ Contribution to design and buildability of project P3 ~ Plan of work and method statement P4 ~ Understanding of contract and specifications P5 Construction stage Site management ~ Site supervision and control S1 ~ Site organisation, tidiness and cleanliness S2 ~ Ability to plan and programme properly S3 ~ Health and safety performance / management S4 ~ Compliance to regulations (CDM, etc.)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2884", "words": "6080", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Francis, Valerie; Lingard, Helen", "title": "The Case for Family-Friendly Work Practices in the Australian Construction Industry", "date": "2012", "keywords": "care; child; construction; employees; employment; family; industry; journal; practices; responsibilities; time; women; work", "summary": "The changing workforce has also forced some changes to work practices to accom- modate those with family responsibilities, most notably by taking time off work. While it may be difficult to provide on-site child care centres due to the limited space and tempo- rary nature of construction work, other options for child care provision which con- struction companies may be able to provide include employer contributions towards employees' child care fees.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2885", "words": "6558", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Ling, Florence; Leong, Edwin", "title": "Performance of Design-Build Projects in terms of Cost, Quality and Time: Views of Clients, Architects and Contractors in Singapore", "date": "2012", "keywords": "build; clients; construction; contractors; design; performance; projects; quality; time", "summary": "It is therefore necessary to determine the performance levels of DB projects in terms of their time, cost and quality, so that when this procure- ment method is used the parties enter into the contract with full knowledge of what DB can and cannot achieve. The objective of this paper is to determine the performance of DB projects from the Singapore clients\u2019, architects\u2019 and contrac- tors\u2019 points of views, and to compare these views.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2886", "words": "5909", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Jefferies, Marcus; Chen, Swee; Conway, Jane", "title": "Assessment of Professional Competence in a Construction Management Problem-based Learning Setting", "date": "2012", "keywords": "approach; assessment; competencies; competency; construction; education; learning; pbl; professional; students", "summary": "Competency based assessment, higher education and problem based learning Increasingly, professional courses are seek- ing to determine graduate outcomes through assessment within a competency framework. The assessment of these elements of com- petence is simply on a \u2018satisfactory\u2019 or \u2018not satisfactory\u2019 basis, consistent with other forms of competency based assessment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2887", "words": "7352", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Smallwood, John; Venter, Danie", "title": "The Influence of Project Managers on Construction Health and Safety in South Africa", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; design; h&s; management; pms; project; quality; safety; site; smallwood; south", "summary": "Risk During the prior research conducted in South Africa, 95.8% of PMs maintained that inadequate H&S, or the lack of it, increased project risk (Smallwood, 1996). Fur- ther, it should be noted that the possibility exists that the respondents might constitute the more committed PMs in general, and particularly with respect to H&S, and con- sequently a degree of bias exists \u2014 the per- ceived bias may overstate the importance of parameters, the frequency of consideration or reference to H&S on various occasions and relative to various design related as- pects, the potential contribution to im- provement in H&S by various aspects and actions, and the impact of inadequate H&S on various project parameters, and the level of risk.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2888", "words": "5660", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Ng, Thomas; Luu, Duc; Chen, Swee", "title": "Decision Criteria and Their Subjectivity in Construction Procurement Selection", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; certainty; client; construction; criteria; management; price; procurement; project; selection", "summary": "This paper reports the findings of an Australian study focusing on procurement selection criteria. Part I \u2014 respondent\u2019s profile seeks to es- tablish the knowledge and experience of interviewees on construction procurement Part II \u2014 procurement selection criteria reveals the criteria influencing the client\u2019s choices in selecting procurement systems Part III \u2014 characteristics of procurement selection criteria uncovers the interviewees\u2019 perceptions of the subjectivity of procure- ment selection criteria.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2889", "words": "6221", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Lam, K.C; Cheung, S.O; Tang, C.M; Ng, S.T", "title": "Capital Budgeting Evaluation Practices of Building Contractors in Hong Kong", "date": "2012", "keywords": "analysis; capital; construction; contractors; evaluation; group; n=29; rate; techniques", "summary": "Capital budget evaluation A comparison of the PAs reveals that there was a general increase in the popularity of various capital budget evaluation techniques from 1994 to 1999 (Table 7), except for \u201crisk analysis\u201d (from 96.6% to 89.5%). A survey of capital budgeting techniques used by contracting firm in Hong Kong.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2890", "words": "6306", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Awil, Ahmed; Abdul Aziz, Abdul Rashid", "title": "International Markets: Malaysian Construction Contractors and the Stage Theory", "date": "2012", "keywords": "business; construction; contractors; economics; export; firm; international; internationalisation; journal; management; markets; stage; work", "summary": "Internationalisation in this paper refers to the process of construction firms leaving their home markets in search of opportuni- ties abroad. Strassman and Wells (1988) nominate three distinct types of structures that are built by construction firms across the world \u2014 small and simple, large but conventional, and technologically complex and novel.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2891", "words": "7631", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "El-Higzi, Faiza", "title": "Foreign Market Selection Factors in the Australian Construction Services Sector", "date": "2012", "keywords": "australian; business; companies; company; construction; country; entry; factors; home; host; international; journal; market; marketing; services; variables", "summary": "REFERENCES Agarwal, S. and Ramaswami, S. (1992) Choice of foreign market entry mode: im- pact of ownership, location and internaliza- tion factors. Erramilli, M. K. and Rao, C. (1990) Choice of foreign market entry mode by service firms: role of market knowledge.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2892", "words": "519", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Runeson, Goran; Best, Rick", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; editorial", "summary": "The end result is a collection of papers that address a number of fundamental concerns that are influencing many aspects of our work in the realisa- tion of construction projects worldwide in the early part of the new millennium including health and safety (a prime concern in the recent UK report, Accelerating Change), expansion into glob- alised markets, the bundling of goods and services in the construction industry, the balancing of work and family, and some more sternly practical considerations such as the use of capital budgeting techniques and the criteria used in selecting project procurement systems. A journal can probably survive well without editors and refe- rees, but not without good authors, and we have been lucky in terms of both quality and diversity of interests.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2894", "words": "705", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Best, Rick; Runeson, Goran", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "papers; research", "summary": "On the other hand, as both bodies have their own profes- sional journals, in which practitioner papers and articles regularly appear, we have generally steered away from papers that we feel fall into that category. In keeping with our aim of publishing papers that will be of some interest to all our readers we have also looked for clarity in the writing and reporting of research outcomes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2895", "words": "4627", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Drew, Derek; Kwong, Connie; Zou, Patrick; Shen, L.Y", "title": "Determining the Optimal Fee-Technical Proposal Combination in Two Envelope Fee Bidding", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; consultant; fee; optimum; score; total", "summary": "For Case 37 it can be seen that technical scores vary more than fee score meaning that technical score is more dominant in the aggregation and for Case 38 fee score varies more than technical score meaning that fees are more dominant in the aggregation. However, where fee score varies more than technical score, Outcome 2 (i.e. absolute low fee) is likely to occur and where technical score varies more than fee score, Outcome 3 (i.e. absolute high technical score) is likely to occur.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2896", "words": "3078", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Cioffi, Jane; Wilkes, Lesley; O'Brien, Jess", "title": "Outdoor Workers and Sun Protection: Knowledge and Behaviour", "date": "2012", "keywords": "cancer; nsw; skin; sun; workers", "summary": "Outdoor workers are part of this high risk group and are targeted in the Skin Cancer Prevention Strategic Plan for NSW 2001\u20132005 (The Cancer Council NSW and NSW Health Department, 2001). LITERATURE REVIEW Some studies were found that addressed outdoor workers in Australia (Dobbinson and Knight, 2001; Parisi et al., 1999;", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2897", "words": "7676", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Loosemore, M; Teo, M.M.M", "title": "The Crisis Management Practices of Australian Construction Companies", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; companies; company; construction; crisis; crisis management; management; media; mitroff; organisation; pearson; public; risk", "summary": "The objectives were to gauge attitudes towards crisis management and the adequacy of sys- tems used to plan for and manage them. People in crisis-prone organisations also believe that crisis management is someone else\u2019s responsibility and that they have the power to offload risks onto other parties, thereby insulating themselves from their environment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2898", "words": "4862", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Xiao, Hong; Proverbs, David", "title": "An Investigation into Factors Influencing Construction Costs Based on Japanese, UK and US Contractor Practice", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; construction; contractors; cost; economics; journal; management; performance; price; projects; unit", "summary": "AN INVESTIGATION INTO FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSTRUCTION COSTS BASED ON JAPANESE, UK AND US CONTRACTOR PRACTICE THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ECONOMICS AND BUILDING VOL.2 NO.2 27 AN INVESTIGATION INTO FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSTRUCTION COSTS BASED ON JAPANESE, UK AND US CONTRACTOR PRACTICE Hong Xiao and David Proverbs University of Wolverhampton INTRODUCTION Construction cost is known to be the top priority for construction clients (Davenport, 1997) because it determines the return on their investments. It is also a major concern to contractors as construction cost relates closely to their competitiveness and profit- ability.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2899", "words": "6344", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Tran, Dun; Skitmore, Martin", "title": "The Impact of Culture on International Management: A Survey of Project Communications in Singapore", "date": "2012", "keywords": "anglo; communication; construction; culture; management; managers; process; project; skills; understanding; variables", "summary": "Possibly due to the logical nature of thinkers, they are more likely to perceive cultural aspects and personal communication skills as the main tools for communicating with clients or customers. The sur- prising result was the positive correlation between \u201cAdhockery-planning\u201d and the communication barrier \u201cface\u201d although it is clear from these results that the more planning oriented organisational cultures are, as the socially oriented organisations mentioned above, somewhat more enlight- ened over cultural communication problems and solutions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2900", "words": "5307", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Bowen, P.A; Cattel, K.S; Hall, K.A; Edwards, P.J; Pearl, R.G", "title": "Perceptions of Time, Cost and Quality Management on Building Projects", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; clients; cost; management; procurement; project; quality; time", "summary": "Clients rate project quality as more impor- tant than project time performance, whereas contractors and consultants be- lieve that clients actually hold a converse view. The majority of project managers believe that client time, cost and quality objectives are always achieved under management- oriented procurement systems.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2901", "words": "7689", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Janet, Xin; Lam, Ka-Chi", "title": "Building a House Prices Forecasting Model in Hong Kong", "date": "2012", "keywords": "data; demand; economics; hong; hong kong; house; housing; journal; kong; land; market; model; prices; supply; variables", "summary": "Bajic (1983) suggests that the market is not generally in short run equilib- rium and that changes in housing prices are frequent and rapid, while DiPasquale and Wheaton (1994) suggest that there is, in- stead, a continuous adjustment as actual prices converge towards equilibrium prices. Reichert (1990) suggests that national economic factors such as mortgage rates, and local factors such as population shifts, employment and income trends have a unique impact on housing demand, and thus on housing price.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2902", "words": "4683", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Mills, Anthony; Smith, Jim; Love, Peter", "title": "Barriers to the Development of SME's in the Australian Construction Industry", "date": "2012", "keywords": "areas; building; construction; contractors; industry; metropolitan; regional; research", "summary": "The study by Smith et al. (2000) looked at the demand and supply factors that influence regional construction markets. Alternatively, changes in market dimensions may mean that regional construction markets are no longer viable.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2903", "words": "482", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Langston, Craig", "title": "RED MAN GREEN MAN", "date": "2012", "keywords": "man; sustainability", "summary": "It concerns indicators of urban sustainability, and the title and im- agery are derivative of pedestrian signals that guide and warn people about their jour- ney decisions. While the authors make it clear that sustainability means different things to different people in different places, there is a general conclusion that the con- struction and property industries need to engage in the sustainable development de- bate if they hope to effectively influence the setting of policies and targets rather than have a vision of urban sustainability thrust upon them.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2905", "words": "348", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Stewart, Peter", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; journal", "summary": "The first paper sees Jackson examining the need to apply cost control techniques for capital works projects, finding that budget performance relies on the implementation of formal cost control processes. Prof. Peter Stewart July 2003 The Australian Journal of Construction Economics and Building I Vol 3 , No 1I The Australian Journal of Construction Economics and Building I Vol 3 , No 1I", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2906", "words": "7618", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Jackson, Gary", "title": "Contingency for Cost Control in Project Management: A Case Study", "date": "2012", "keywords": "contingency; control; cost; data; estimate; management; performance; project; risk; survey; total; variance", "summary": "These included: ~ 'If you scope the project in detail , project costs would be much better controlled and adhere to budget' ; ~ 'Project work is basically 'urgent' and 'essential ' to the functioning of electricity supply; ~ The jobs must proceed regardless of cost; ~ Completion of jobs 'on time' is generally critical to network security; ~ 'Just in time' approach does not leave much opportunity for cost control '; ~ 'Projects are driven by a network requirement date, the quality and scope must ensure that the product performs as expected as soon as the plant is commissioned, therefore the cost suffers as a consequence'; and ~ 'The best cost control is achieved when the scope is fully documented and estimates have been prepared by those required to do the work'. Five respondents commented on monitoring and reporting of project costs and performance, however these were mainly directed at the new financial system recently introduced to E which is currently experiencing teething problems.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2907", "words": "4822", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Griffith, Alan; King, Andrew; Knight, Andrew", "title": "Examining the Dynamics of Novation from the Principal Contractor's and Architect's Perspectives", "date": "2012", "keywords": "architects; build; construction; contractor; design; novation; project; stage; tender", "summary": "This research study is principally concerned with the most common type in the UK; architect novation. Objectives ~ To examine the central themes, considerations and issues related to principal contractors involved in design-build novation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2908", "words": "6607", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Rameezdeen, Raufdeen; Gunarathna, Nishanthi", "title": "Organisational Culture in Construction: An Employee Perspective", "date": "2012", "keywords": "adhocracy; clan; construction; consultants; contractors; culture; figure; hierarchy; management; market; organisation; values", "summary": "Organisational culture in construction: an employee perspective by Raufdeen Rameezdeen and Nishanthi Gunarathna 20 Maloney (1989) and Maloney and Federle (1991) presented a framework developed by Quinn (1988) and Cameron (1985) in terms of organisational culture, organisational effectiveness, leadership roles and management skills. Organisational culture in construction: an employee perspective by Raufdeen Rameezdeen and Nishanthi Gunarathna 22 Data collection and analysis As described earlier, the 'Competing Value Framework', developed by Quinn and Cameron was used as a model for measurement of organisational culture.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2909", "words": "9103", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Haupt, Theo", "title": "Student Attitudes Towards Cooperative Construction Education Experiences", "date": "2012", "keywords": "academic; construction; course; education; hoi; industry; pal; students; year; year students", "summary": "The opinions of first year students were surveyed before, and third and final year students after, their practical periods of employment in construction. First year students survey", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2910", "words": "7017", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Scott, David; Cheong, Michael; Li, Heng", "title": "Web-based Construction Information Management System", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; data; evaluation; features; industry; information; internet; management; products; project; score; systems; use; web; weightings", "summary": "The remainder of the respondents where personnel with experience of handling construction project information and who recognised the potential of Web-based products in construction management without having had direct experience of using related IT applications The questionnaire required the respondents to rate their own preference (weightings) for each of the specified features/functions on a 1 to 10 scale. ~ Acomputer system based on use of the Internet for construction information management during the design, construction and maintenance (Si:irensen 1998).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2911", "words": "8627", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Lam, Edmond; Chan, Albert; Chan, Daniel", "title": "Why is Design-Build Commonly Used in the Public Sector? An Illustration from Hong Kong", "date": "2012", "keywords": "= =; build; chan; construction; d&b; design; government; hong; hong kong; kong; management; method; procurement; projects; public; sector; use", "summary": "In fact, there are several characteristics of public sector projects that enhance the adoption of the D&B procurement method. Moreover, prequalification screening is essential to cater for the need for open competition through public bidding for public sector projects, especially for design-build projects where there is a scoring system to select the design and build contractor (Palaneeswaran and Kumaraswamy, 2000).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2912", "words": "612", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Stewart, Peter", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; paper", "summary": "He argues that to achieve these reforms then we will need to fundamentally change the way that construction projects, construction companies and the government-industry interface are managed. Oyedele, Jaiyeoba and Fadeyi then identify the five most important design factors influencing the quality of building projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2913", "words": "5730", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Loosemore, Martin", "title": "Impediments to Reform in the Australian Building and Construction Industry", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; construction; construction industry; development; industry; innovation; loosemore; management; nsw; rcbci; reform; research", "summary": "The public's image of the Building and Construction Industry continues to be one that is difficult, confrontational, unreliable, dangerous and generally unattractive (RCBCI , 2002a). The aim of this paper is to discuss the institutional, organisational and cultural impediments to reform in the Australian Building and Construction Industry by drawing upon recent research in this area and recent Royal Commission Discussion Papers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2914", "words": "3838", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Mills, Anthony", "title": "Property and Construction Professions: The Views of Industry Leaders", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; cpo; industry; institute; members; professional; societies", "summary": "ABSTRACT The role of professionals has changed significantly, and so too should the role of professional societies. The future is very unclear, and it is likely that professional societies will continue to change and adapt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2915", "words": "8299", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Lingard, Helen; Lin, Jasmine", "title": "Managing Motherhood in the Australian Construction Industry: Work-family Balance, Parental Leave and Part-time Work", "date": "2012", "keywords": "cent; construction; family; hours; industry; journal; leave; maternity; options; respondents; site; time; women; work", "summary": "parental leave and part time work by Helen Ungard and Jasmine Un 16 representation of women in site-based construction jobs. Managing Motherhood in the Australian Construction Industry: Work-family balance, parental leave and part time work by Helen Lingard and Jasmine Lin 18 RESULTS", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2916", "words": "5767", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Oyedele, Lukumon; Jaiyeoba, Babatunde; Fadeyi, Moshood", "title": "Design Factors Influencing Quality of Building Projects in Nigeria: Consultants' Perception", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; construction; consultants; design; factors; importance; management; nigeria; professionals; project; quality; quantity", "summary": "The construction process can be divided into project conception, project design and project construction (Okpala and Aniekwu, 1988). Keywords: Design factors, Quality, Architects, Engineers, Quantity surveyors, Nigeria.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2917", "words": "5577", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Liu, Chunlu; Lyle, Benjamin; Langston, Craig", "title": "Estimating Demolition Costs for Single Residential Buildings", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; company; costs; day; deconstruction; demolition; materials; project; scenario; site; total; truck; work", "summary": "Keywords: demolition cost, deconstruction, residential buildings, salvaged materials, waste minimisation. This paper first describes the current situation of practical demolition, and then estimates demolition costs by breaking down major cost components.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2918", "words": "6478", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "McLaughlin, Patricia", "title": "Peer Assessment for Construction Management and Quantity Surveying Students", "date": "2012", "keywords": "assessment; construction; design; group; industry; learning; model; peer; peer assessment; process; students; team; work", "summary": "Keywords: Teamwork, peer assessment, industry based learning, group assessment and construction. Linn (1991) and Williams (1996) conclude from their studies of group assessment that assessment by the teacher or lecturer alone restricts students taking responsibility for their own learning.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2919", "words": "4863", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-67", "author": "Loosemore, Martin", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "\ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd;CC \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd. . \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd. .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2924", "words": "1665", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-46", "author": "Sanders, Terry", "title": "Book Review", "date": "2012", "keywords": "\ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "AJCEB[Vol4,No1] \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd,\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffdA'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd?\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd6B ?; //&\ufffd\ufffd)'$)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd; (\ufffd=\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd! )\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdG0\ufffd$%\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd::\ufffd.. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd $\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdH \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd; \ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd?\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd6QQC\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd=\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd=\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd -\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd=\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdG\ufffd$%\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd =\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd(.\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd;\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffdH\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2925", "words": "3892", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-1194", "author": "Loosemore, Martin", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "\ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "The Australian Journal of Construction \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd2\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffdB'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd<\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdCD \ufffd 0\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd *\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd2(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd3 4\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd& \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd5\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd6\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd% \ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd $\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffdF\ufffd 2 \ufffd,\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd7 \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ))\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ) )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ,0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd- \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd+ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd' \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd )\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd3?\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd G\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# F\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffdF&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd !\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd F$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$ \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd !\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4\ufffd8$+\ufffd$9\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd !\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd ! \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd4 \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ))\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd))\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$+\ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd8**9\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd2\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffdB'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd<\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdCD\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd2 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd*\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd )\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd ))\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd4 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd F\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd \ufffdE\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# F\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd FF F &\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd +\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdCHH<", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2926", "words": "24946", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-1083", "author": "Fuller, R.J", "title": "Operating Experiences with an Advanced Fabric Energy Storage System", "date": "2012", "keywords": "+ \ufffd; \ufffd +; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd8366?9 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!5\ufffd$\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd& \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd' \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd<?7<O \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd8366? 9 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd$5\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd& \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd5\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd' (\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'%\ufffd\ufffd3O\ufffd\ufffd3\ufffd\ufffd37@ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd8366?/9 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd$$5\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd& \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 5\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'%\ufffd\ufffd3O\ufffd\ufffd3\ufffd\ufffd?73@ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd8366?\ufffd9 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd$'5\ufffd04)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd& \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd' \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd5\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'%\ufffd\ufffd3O\ufffd\ufffd3\ufffd\ufffdC>7;H \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdC\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd;\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd@\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd8\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%9\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd/ /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd ) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd@\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd;\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdC<P\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd?\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd3OH*\ufffd\ufffd ))\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$ \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd33\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd 0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd # \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffdCHH;\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd C? @\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7C \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd # \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd- \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd -\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd $\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdCHH;\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd E\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd@@P\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd##\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd,\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd4\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdC<P\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd (\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd !\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd(\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdC3 @H* 8\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd@9 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdCH7CCH*\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd366?\ufffd9 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd ))\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd *-\ufffd* \ufffd\ufffd$-\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd !\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd7\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd COH*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd>P\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd,\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd ))\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,0\ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdK \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,0\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/ \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd,0\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ) \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd,0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd 3\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdO\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd -)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 2 \ufffd,\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd3H \ufffd*&\ufffd-\ufffd 0+\ufffd0\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd - \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd+\ufffd !\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd2\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd *\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd2\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd0,0\ufffd0\ufffd*0\ufffd \ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd(\ufffd836O69 \ufffd( \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd!", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2927", "words": "31303", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-374", "author": "Daddow, Therese; Skitmore, Martin", "title": "Value Management in Practice: An Interview Survey", "date": "2012", "keywords": "g \ufffd; \ufffd e; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd )) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdCHH3\ufffd\ufffd9\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdU\ufffd )5QQ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7 \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdQ\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffdV \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8\ufffd$*\ufffd9\ufffdCHHH\ufffd $ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd---\ufffd<\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd $ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd366?\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd< 5A\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd9\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd+\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd2\ufffd \ufffd366>\ufffd\ufffdN\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 5\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd,\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd<\ufffd8\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffdC\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd<@\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd33\ufffd\ufffd)) \ufffd\ufffd3;6O \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd* \ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd366>\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 9\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2928", "words": "50634", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-461", "author": "Zou, Patrick", "title": "Knowledge Management Practice in Two Australian Architecture-Engineering-Construction (AEC) Companies", "date": "2012", "keywords": "g \ufffd; m \ufffd; \ufffd e; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd : \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd+ \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd* \ufffd \ufffd8CHH;9\ufffd\ufffdL$\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd# !\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdJ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdYM\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd . \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$ \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd2\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffdB'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd<\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdCD C3 \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/ \ufffd!#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdI \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ) /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdI\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd5 S \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd<\ufffdB0\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd/1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd,\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd ))\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd S \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd<\ufffdB0\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd S \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd<\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdB0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd&\ufffd S \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd<\ufffdB0\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd S \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd<\ufffd4\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffdB0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd E\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd )\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffdC\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd! #\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd *\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd3\ufffdJ\ufffd-'$\ufffd\ufffd 0\ufffd+\ufffd 0\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd8 9 *\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd3666\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd7\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd/ \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd?\ufffdHHH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd6;\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd7 \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd7)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 8 \ufffd\ufffdCHH< 9 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/ \ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd366?\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdRO\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd 1\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd8\ufffd\ufffd9\ufffd\ufffd4\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd L04\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffdM\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffdJ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffdJ\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd L04\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffdM\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd / \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd !", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2929", "words": "21649", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-187", "author": "Hu, Eric; Zou, Linda; Langston, Craig", "title": "A New Interlink Decision Making Index for Making Multi-criteria Decision", "date": "2012", "keywords": "+ \ufffd; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 7/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd$ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd! \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdQ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd8\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd366@9 $\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 1\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd ))\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd ))\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdK\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8*0\ufffd9 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd80$\ufffd9\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd- \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd##\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd))\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8\ufffd\ufffd1! \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd366HI \ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd366@I\ufffd' \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd366;I\ufffd( \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd366C9 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ! \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd5 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 8\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd3CO\ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd;\ufffd\ufffd))>?H7>O@ +\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd* \ufffd8CHHC9\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd, \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd.5. !", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2930", "words": "48144", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-347", "author": "Wong, James; Chan, Albert; Chiang, Y.H", "title": "A Critical Review of Forecasting Models to Predict Manpower Demand", "date": "2012", "keywords": "+ \ufffd; \ufffd +; \ufffd e; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "\ufffd 7 /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8+\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd36O>9 *\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ))\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd36?H\ufffd\ufffd8\ufffdK\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd36?>9 \ufffd\ufffd$ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd))\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8* \ufffd)/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd366?9 \ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd8CHH<9 ))\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd))\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd#7 \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd]\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# 8&\ufffd9\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd ,\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdCHH;9 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ))\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd] \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd+\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd8\ufffd # \ufffd\ufffd 1 \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd36O@I\ufffd' \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffdCHHC9\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd836?C9\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd/ \ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd]\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd ))\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd (\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd]\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 7 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd4)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd& \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8366O9\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ))\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd9\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd E\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd+\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8(\ufffd+*9\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd* \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ! \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd8366H9\ufffd$ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdC \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 5\ufffd$\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd K\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd & \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd* \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd( \ufffd \ufffd8366O9\ufffd+\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd5\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd368O9\ufffd\ufffd))", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2931", "words": "1661", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-1563", "author": "Postmus, Gerry", "title": "Book Review", "date": "2012", "keywords": "\ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "The Australian Journal of Construction \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd2\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffdB'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd<\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdCD >? --&\ufffd\ufffd0'$0\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd ))\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd5\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8,\ufffd$%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$*\ufffd9 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 8,\ufffd$%\ufffd\ufffd $*0*\ufffd9\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd+\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd $\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd4 /\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ))\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd$ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd/1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd E\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd/1\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd )\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4 \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd,'\ufffd\ufffd+\ufffd'\ufffd +,'\ufffd\ufffd,*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd- \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd4 \ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd L\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdM\ufffd8\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd9\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd $\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd8\ufffd$%\ufffd9\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdCHHH \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdCHH<\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdC>>\ufffd) #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd4)\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd;\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdG\ufffd /\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2934", "words": "31400", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-80", "author": "Francis, Valarie", "title": "Supportive Organisational Cultures and their effects on Male Civil Engineers", "date": "2012", "keywords": "+ \ufffd; \ufffd +; \ufffd f.; \ufffd g; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd M G+\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd6QQR\ufffd\ufffd.R8?H \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdF\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd.\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdL\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffdM\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd -\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdG6QQ@H\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd -\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdF\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdF\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd -\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!(\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd..\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd - \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdF.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!( \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd6QQ;H \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdG6QQQ\ufffd\ufffd.:Q?H\ufffd\ufffdF. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!(\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdL\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2935", "words": "34575", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-26", "author": "Jefferies, Marcus; Chen, Swee Eng", "title": "Identifying Risk Factors of Boot Procurement: A Case Study of Stadium Australia", "date": "2012", "keywords": "f \ufffd; \ufffd +; \ufffd g; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \u2714 \u2714 %\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd &\ufffd\ufffd' \u2714 \u2714 \u2714 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd !$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \u2714 \u2714 (\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd \u2714 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd*\ufffd \u2714 \u2714 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd &\ufffd\ufffd' \u2714 \u2714 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd \u2714 \u2714 +\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd' \u2714 \ufffd!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!\ufffd \u2714 \u2714 ,! \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd!*\ufffd \u2714 -\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \u2714 &\ufffd* \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \u2714 \u2714 \ufffd\ufffd. 66:6(66:R \ufffd #\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd1 \ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd& \ufffdG6QQQH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdD\ufffd\ufffd/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd <\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd' DEE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd *\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd68(6:\ufffd,\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd..\ufffd686(6:8 \ufffd\ufffd+\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffdG6QQQH\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd *\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$\ufffd\ufffdG\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdH\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd+\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd:\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd= \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0 \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd..\ufffd:(8R \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd, \ufffdG6QQ@H\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd $\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd -\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd $\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$\ufffd\ufffdG)\ufffd\ufffdH\ufffd+ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd* 1 \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd?\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdC\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*$\ufffd\ufffdQ8\ufffd$\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd..\ufffd??:(", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2936", "words": "907", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Langston, Craig", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; construction; project", "summary": "Sawalhi and Enshassi present their research findings concerning the use of project time management tools by contractors and owners in the Gaza Strip. With the diversity of procurement options being applied to modern construction projects, this research has clear practical application.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2937", "words": "4784", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Sawalhi, Nabil; Enshassi, Adnan", "title": "Application of Project Time Management Tools and Techniques to the Construction Industry in the Gaza Strip", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; contractors; management; owners; project; techniques; time; tools", "summary": "The researchers concluded that the most significant obstacle in implementing project management tools is the lack of knowledge of project management techniques. The Palestinian contractors union, engineering syndicates, and continuous education programs should focus more in conducting training courses and seminars for local engineers in order to improve the usage of project management tools and to overcome the identified obstacles towards the non-efficient applications of time management tools.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2938", "words": "4575", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Blismas, Nick; Gibb, Alistair; Pasquire, Christine", "title": "Assessing Project Suitability for Off-site Production", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; clients; constraints; construction; drivers; implementation; osp; process; project; site; toolkit", "summary": "The interviews explored the issues surrounding the measurement of OSP benefit. An intuitive score assessment was used that would again encourage uncertain project teams to work towards OSP constraint mitigation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2939", "words": "4966", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Shash, Ali", "title": "Financial Analysis for Replacement of Construction Equipment in Saudi Arabia", "date": "2012", "keywords": "contractors; cost; equipment; method; rate; replacement; use; value", "summary": "The contractors\u2019 business objectives, employee safety and morale, and, contractors\u2019 image in the industry were found to be the most influential qualitative factors affecting the decision of equipment replacement. Advanced technologies often make equipment replacement an attractive option.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2940", "words": "8566", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Motawa, Ibrahim", "title": "A Systematic Approach to Modelling Change Processes in Construction Projects", "date": "2012", "keywords": "causes; change; construction; effects; management; ng e; process; project", "summary": "Managing change at the project level relates all project internal and external factors that influence project changes. A prototype change process system was proposed and included a set of 27 best practices for project changes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2941", "words": "4700", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Ng, Thomas; Luu, Chris; Skitmore, Martin", "title": "Capitalising Experiential Knowledge for Guiding Construction Procurement Selection", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; case; client; construction; knowledge; management; procurement; project; psps; selection; system", "summary": "Kumaraswamy, M. and Dissanayaka, S. (2001), \u2018Developing a decision support system for building project procurement\u2019, Building and Environment, vol.36, no.3, pp.337-349. Luu, D.T., Ng, S.T. & Chen, S.E. (2003), \u2018Parameters governing the selection of procurement system \u2013 an empirical survey\u2019, Engineering, Architectural and Construction Management, (in press).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2942", "words": "5864", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Lingard, Helen", "title": "Balancing Study and Paid Work: The Experiences of Construction Undergraduates in an Australian University", "date": "2012", "keywords": "burnout; construction; engagement; hours; number; schaufeli; students; study; time; university; work", "summary": "Hours in paid employment Table 1 shows the least and most number of hours students reported working in paid work in any week during the month prior to the survey. Research shows high levels of stress in university students (Abouserie, 1994;", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2943", "words": "8834", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Nesan, Jawahar", "title": "Factors Influencing Tacit Knowledge in Construction", "date": "2012", "keywords": "behaviours; characteristics; construction; employees; individuals; influence; knowledge; knowledge sharing; learning; management; organisations; practices; project; sharing; tacit; trust; work", "summary": "Tacit knowledge sharing is more critical especially to construction organisations to achieve competitiveness due to the following reasons: unlike manufacturing and other sectors, due to the temporary nature of and short-term relationships between project teams, the transfer of knowledge from one project to the next and from one firm to the other becomes extremely difficult; construction knowledge is often tacit, retained by the individuals and organisations and finally disappears once the project is closed out; the fragmented nature of the construction environment; and several unprecedented problems are solved during the project, which are difficult to document for others to learn. The greatest challenge is that construction knowledge, often being tacit, retained by the individuals and organisations, finally disappears once the project is completed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2944", "words": "42311", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-48", "author": "Palaneewaran, Ekambaram; Kumaraswamy, Mohan; Zhang, Xue Quing", "title": "Focusing on Best Value from a Source Selection Perspective", "date": "2012", "keywords": "+ \ufffd; h \ufffd; \ufffd +; \ufffd d; \ufffd g; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd5\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'+\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd0\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdNG8H\ufffd\ufffd6?;(6;@ \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffdG8CCCH \ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 1\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd& \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd + \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd# \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffdG8CCC H *\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd+\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd4\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd,\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd . \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd:\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdI\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd* .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2945", "words": "5170", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Khalfan, Malik; Raja, Naveed", "title": "Improving Construction Process through Integration and Concurrent Engineering", "date": "2012", "keywords": "anumba; concurrent; construction; database; design; engineering; industry; information; integration; job; project; team", "summary": "Advancements in the field of virtual reality have been adopted within construction project development. INTEGRATION The continuous inter-disciplinary sharing of data, knowledge and goals among construction project participants is an integral process.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2947", "words": "494", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Langston, Craig", "title": "Facilities Economics in Australia", "date": "2012", "keywords": "economics; facilities", "summary": "Facilities Economics in Australia is highly recommended to everyone involved in facilities management and in particular to those specialist consultants that engage in financial appraisals, auditing and benchmarking. Facilities Economics in Australia is edited by Bernard Williams with significant contributions from Brian Purdey (as Editorial Consultant) and Geoff Parsons (as Managing Editor).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2952", "words": "24034", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-88", "author": "Sundquist, Jan", "title": "Low Innovation among Building Material Suppliers: The Natural Level of the Trade", "date": "2012", "keywords": "m \ufffd; \ufffd f; \ufffd l; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd% \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd &\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd% \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$\ufffd +\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd #\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd% \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd &\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd% \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd(\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd..\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd<\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd, \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd=\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ?C \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdL\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd..\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdM\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdL/ \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdM\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdL\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd?CO\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdM\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 6CO\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd. \ufffdG6QQQH \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd2\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd2\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd=\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd, \ufffdG8CC:H \ufffd1\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd +\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd#\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd* \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd C\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd '\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd+\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd%\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd&\ufffd6\ufffd\ufffd7\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd6\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd .. \ufffd?CN(?6?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2953", "words": "995", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Langston, Craig", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; design; paper", "summary": "Since the papers were written and refereed, a number of design changes have taken place as work progresses on site. Collectively they cover issues of material selection, energy harvesting, heating and cooling , lighting, ventilation , and the business case for sustainable design .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2956", "words": "8092", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Hes, Dominique; Morrison, Andrew; Bates, Margret", "title": "Assessment and Selection of Materials for Melbourne City Council House 2", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; ch2; concrete; construction; design; energy; environmental; green; life; materials; process; product; project; selection; star; steel; use", "summary": "Particularly as buildings become more operationally efficient the relative environmental impact of building materials will be greater again. Step 1: Synergy, honesty and simplicity in materials In the initial charrette the design team put up a proposal for discussion and constructive criticism that used a concrete structure and extensive thermal mass and pursued synergy, honesty and simplicity in materials use.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2957", "words": "9662", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Cheung, Chun", "title": "CH2 Energy Harvesting Systems: Economic Use and Efficiency", "date": "2012", "keywords": "air; benchmarks; building; ch2; consumption; cooling; design; efficiency; energy; energy consumption; harvesting; heat; lighting; office; performance; space; system; temperature; ventilation", "summary": "Fourth, a brief description on energy harvesting systems in CH2 is provided followed by discussions on the successfulness on the system integration in CH 2. This is followed by a review of the that can contribute to the provision of services without extra energy individual components used for energy harvesting systems and input can also be seen as an energy harvesting system as the their expected performance in the Melbourne climate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2958", "words": "7220", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Aye, Lu; Fuller, Robert", "title": "The Proposed Heating and Cooling System in the CH2 Building and Its Impact on Occupant Productivity", "date": "2012", "keywords": "air; building; ch2; comfort; cooling; energy; heating; night; pcm; productivity; system; temperature; towers; water", "summary": "The heating and cooling system of the CH2 building has been designed to maintain office air temperatures in the range of 21-250C and provided this is achieved with acceptable levels of relative humidity, the building should satisfy most occupants in terms of thermal comfort. These authors state that although there is substantial evidence of an association between work performance and air temperature, ... ...", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2959", "words": "6403", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Altomonte, Sergio", "title": "CH2 - Lighting and Physiology", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; ch2; daylight; design; energy; environment; glare; lighting; office; potential; systems; task; use", "summary": "The purpose of the paper is to critically comment on the adopted strategy and, cognisance of contemporary thinking in lighting design, to judge the effectiveness of this aspect of the project with a view to later verification and post-occupancy review. Keywords: lighting design, expected performance, human physiology, productivity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2960", "words": "8002", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Aye, Lu; Fuller, Robert", "title": "An Evaluation of a Proposed Ventilation System for Melbourne's CH2 Building", "date": "2012", "keywords": "air; air quality; building; ch2; ch2 building; design; environment; filters; health; levels; melbourne; office; productivity; quality; study; system; ventilation", "summary": "Keywords: office buildings, indoor air quality, ventilation, productivity. At lower levels, it is also used as an indicator of indoor air quality.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2961", "words": "13138", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Stewart, Peter; Robinson, Jon; Low, Sowfun", "title": "The Business Case for Sustainable Design - the City of Melbourne CH2 Project", "date": "2012", "keywords": "= =; analysis; australian; benefits; building; business; case; ch2; construction; cost; design; development; economics; energy; esd; green; investment; issue; journal; productivity; project; property; rate; return; savings", "summary": "An Investigation into Factors Influencing Construction Costs Based on Japanese, UK and US Contractor Practice Xin , Janet Ge et al. Nesan , L. Jawahar Ng, S Thomas et al.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2962", "words": "3614", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Melbourne, City of", "title": "Preamble to Special Issue", "date": "2012", "keywords": "air; approach; building; ch2; city; construction; cooling; design; energy; water", "summary": "The CH2 team's design approach has resulted in a cooling technique and technology that uses water circulated through radiant absorption ceiling panels rather than a system that relies on air for cooling , as is traditional in office buildings and which requires large volumes of chilled air to be produced. This approach to the design of CH2's ventilation system means the air supplied to occupants is specifically for breathing, which has eliminated the need to expend large amounts of energy cooling air.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2963", "words": "856", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Zillante, George", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; construction; journal", "summary": "Jawahar Nesan explores the \u201cProject-Finance\u201d model for small contractors in the USA. This was particularly the case during the period of the Accord (1983-96) and the author concludes that the more conciliatory strategies used to minimise industrial disputes during the Accord period may provide a better basis for bringing peace to the workplace than the more confrontational policies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2964", "words": "4834", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Hardie, Mary; Miller, Graham; Manley, Karen; McFallan, Stephen", "title": "Innovation Performance and Its Impact on Profitability Among Different Sectors in the Australian Construction Industry", "date": "2012", "keywords": "clients; construction; contractors; industry; innovation; new; profitability; sectors; strategies; survey; trade", "summary": "Sectors of the industry where financial security is least reliable were also least likely to innovate or to create high level innovations. Main contractors on average performed poorly on level of innovation profitability and on number of advanced practices adopted but otherwise their average ratings were positive.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2965", "words": "7612", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Ling, Florence", "title": "Design-Build: How to Increase Its Usage and Its Impact on Architects and Contractors in Singapore", "date": "2012", "keywords": "architects; bid; build; construction; contractors; db projects; design; owners; projects; quality", "summary": "SELECTION OF CONTRACTORS For DB projects to be successful, owners should select DB contractors carefully (NJCC, 1985). Some owners are not willing to use DB because they feel that DB projects have lower quality than design-bid-build projects, aesthetics is compromised and maintenance issues are not considered by DB contractors (Ling et al., 2000).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2966", "words": "8053", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Nesan, Jawahar", "title": "Project Finance Model for Small Contractors in USA", "date": "2012", "keywords": "bank; capital; cash; company; construction; contractor; financing; fund; growth; model; project; project finance", "summary": "Key Words: construction financing, contractor financing, project financing, construction cash flow, financing small firms INTRODUCTION A One of the most pressing problems in construction projects is the working capital and liquidity required to support day-to-day activities. The problems associated with project financing are briefly discussed as below.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2967", "words": "4724", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Perry, L.J", "title": "Industrial Disputes in the Construction Sector", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; cole; commission; construction; construction sector; disputes; royal; sector; strike", "summary": "Not only is it proposed that the ABCC monitor the building and construction sector, but also that it enforce the law. Another way of viewing the changing pattern of the relative significance of strikes in the construction sector is to calculate the proportion of construction strikes to total strikes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2968", "words": "7092", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Kong, Ann; Gray, Jason", "title": "Traditional Procurement is too Slow", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; contractors; cost; design; development; process; procurement; project; stage; system; team; time", "summary": "In many cases, project designs and bills of quantities are not prepared before the contractor is selected due to the lack of design information available (Masterman 1992:31; Rwelamila and Meyer 1999:42). Buildability, as \u201cthe extent to which the design of a building facilitates ease of construction, subject to the overall requirements for the completed building\u201d is considered to be underprovided for most construction projects (CIRIA cited in Low 2001:106).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2972", "words": "412", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "28", "author": "Baccarini, David; Davis, Pater", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2007", "keywords": "construction; cost", "summary": "Kathy Michell, Paul Bowen and Keith Cattell use a soft systems methodology to explore the perceptions of stakeholders to a cost management system and develop conceptual models of theory and practice of cost management. They provide recommendations for structural, attitudinal and procedural changes to cost management systems in order to facilitate effective functioning in the achievement of client\u2019s needs and objectives.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2973", "words": "8094", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Langston, Yu Lay; Langston, Craig", "title": "Building Energy and Cost Performance: An Analysis of Thirty Melbourne Case Studies", "date": "2007", "keywords": "building; capital; case; construction; cost; economics; energy; journal; new; operating; recurrent; services; year", "summary": "The following observations can be made: \u2022 both are a means of identifying resources and measuring deployment efficiency \u2022 energy sources delivered by supplier organizations have a market price per unit that is tangible and understood \u2022 energy costs incurred during product manufacture and delivery are built into the purchase price of materials (i.e. energy costs are embedded), while operating energy costs are billed based on actual consumption \u2022 life cycle energy and LCC have similar philosophical constructs \u2022 embodied energy intensities are often obtained from financial input-output tables \u2022 there is usually a compromise or balance between initial (energy or cost) and recurrent (energy or cost) commitments \u2022 both future cost and future energy comprise uncertainty in prediction \u2022 energy and cost vary according to building scale, locality and quality of construction Project decisions that minimize energy (including GGE) or cost are likely to result in greater net benefit to owners, users and society (Bekker 1982). COST DATA Table 2 summarizes the case studies for capital cost, recurrent operating cost per annum, and energy operating cost per annum.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2974", "words": "6237", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Michell, Kathy; Bowen, Paul; Cattell, Keith", "title": "Modeling the Design Team as a Temporary Management Structure: Reality versus Theory", "date": "2007", "keywords": "client; construction; cost management; design team; management system; needs; project; quantity", "summary": "Keywords: Cost planning, cost management, design team, temporary management structure, systems thinking, South Africa INTRODUCTION Participants to construction projects are faced with sets of interacting problems, ranging from the technical and organisational to the social and political (Flanagan and Tate, 1997). Soft systems methodology is used to explore the perceptions of stakeholders to the cost management system, thus developing conceptual models of the theory and practice of cost management.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2975", "words": "4940", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "de Valence, Gerard", "title": "The Significance of Barriers to Entry in the Construction Industry", "date": "2007", "keywords": "barriers; competition; construction; contractors; entry; firms; industry; market; medium", "summary": "For each of these market types the significance of entry barriers was identified, with the barrier being low, medium or high for new entrants. A combination of the two approaches gives a dozen significant barriers to entry operating in construction markets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2976", "words": "5379", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Greenwood, John", "title": "An Examination of the Performance Based Building Code on the Design of a Commercial Building", "date": "2007", "keywords": "alternative; australia; building; case; code; construction; design; fire; performance; requirements; solutions; study", "summary": "Application of unstructured CFD method in performance based building fire safety design presented at 3rd International Conference on Performance-Based Codes and Fire Safety Design Methods retrieved from http://www.brand.lth.se/PBDConf/ ICC (2003) Performance Code for Buildings and Facilities, International Code Council, Falls Church, VA. The concept of alternative building design was clearly restrained on the PCEC due to City of Perth Local Council taking longer time than is necessary to issue necessary approvals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2977", "words": "5728", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Watson, Michelle", "title": "Concerns for Skills Shortages in the 21st Century: A Review into the Construction Industry, Australia", "date": "2007", "keywords": "australia; building; construction; construction industry; education; employment; industry; relations; shortages; skills; training", "summary": "The Employment, Workplace Relations and Education References Committee (2004) found that the apprenticeship system is built on \u201ctrade skills training\u201d and that there is uncertainty as to whether such a method of skill development \u201cis sufficiently enterprise focused and sufficiently specialised\u201d. The CFMEU (2005a) indicates that one issue of concern is to \u201cestablish industry training funds in NSW, Victoria and the NT \u2013 in keeping with other states and territories\u201d.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2978", "words": "1288", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Zillante, George", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; industry; journal; paper", "summary": "The results indicate that CBR can enhance the appropriateness of the selection of subcontractors for construction projects. Those projects involved the competitive bidding for prison projects by consortia, which generally consisted of a correctional operator, contractor and architect.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2979", "words": "5725", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Consoli, Giustina", "title": "The Architect's Dilemma: A Self Reflection in Understanding Prison Design and Construction in Private Prison Projects", "date": "2012", "keywords": "architects; architecture; consortia; construction; contractor; delivery; design; fairweather; operator; prison; prison design; projects; role", "summary": "This paper presents architect views regarding their inclusion and role as prison architects within private prison projects in Australia, spanning between 1985- 2000. Likewise, Fairweather (2000b) maintained: The perennial task of prison architects is to struggle to produce acceptable solutions in a very different and changing climate of opinion amid conflicting advice (Fairweather 2000b,p.61).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2980", "words": "3906", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Rustom, Rifat", "title": "Formulation of Generic Simulation Models for Analyzing Construction Claims", "date": "2012", "keywords": "analysis; claims; construction; delay; impact; model; project; simulation; time", "summary": "Many researchers have addressed delay claims, as the most common type of claims. Generic methodology for analyzing delay claims.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2981", "words": "4818", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Zou, Jian; Zillante, George", "title": "Relationship Contracting: The South Australian Experience - A Case Study", "date": "2012", "keywords": "adelaide; australia; building; centre; construction; contracting; convention; management; parties; project; relationship; team", "summary": "Selection of suitable partners is very important for the success of relationship contracting projects (Walker and Hampson 2003). Fifthly, more resources and commitments from the client are required for the success of relationship contracting projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2982", "words": "3927", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Luu, Due; Sher, Wily", "title": "Construction Tender Subcontract Selection using Case-based Reasoning", "date": "2012", "keywords": "case; casss; cbr; construction; data; estimators; project; subbies; subcontractors; tender", "summary": "Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Carpet & Vinyl 3 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Tiling & Waterproofing 2 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Painting 3 subbies Agreed Agreed Added another subby Agreed Metalworks 2 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Electrical Services 3 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Added another subby Mechanical Services 3 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Replace one subby Hydraulic Services 3 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Medical Gas Services 3 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Fire Services 2 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Table 4: Results of system reliability test REFERENCES Barletta, R. (1991). [Vol6, No 2] Subcontractor Category CASSS Recommend ations Expert 1 Expert 2 Expert3 Expert4 Excavation 3 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Concrete 3 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Structural Steel 3 subbies Agreed Added another subby Agreed Agreed Bricklayer 2 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Metal Roofing & Cladding 3 subbies Agreed Added another subby Agreed Agreed Aluminum Windows & Doors 4 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Doors & Frames 3 subbies Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Agreed Gyprocker 3 subbies", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2983", "words": "4715", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "McDermotti, Peter; Khalfan, Malik", "title": "Achieving Supply Chain Integration within Construction Industry", "date": "2012", "keywords": "chain; construction; industry; integration; management; process; procurement; project; supply; supply chain", "summary": "Love, P.E.D. (2000), Construction supply chains, European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, Vol6 No. 3-4, pp. Briscoe, G.H., Dainty, A.R.J., Millett,S.J., and Neale, R.H. (2004), Client-led strategies for construction supply chain improvement, Construction Management and Economics 22 (2}, 193-201.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2984", "words": "5547", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Lobo, Yadeed; Wilkinson, Suzanne", "title": "The Effects of Occupational Licensing on Skills Needs in the Building Industry: Evidence from New Zealand", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; construction; department; industry; licensing; new; new zealand; practitioners; research; skills; work; zealand", "summary": "New licensing regimes in the New Zealand building industry are reviewed and the potential impacts of these regimes are discussed from the perspective.of top industry players in government, compan1es and industry training organisations. As of July 2005,restricted work for the purpose of reference of licensing practitioners involved (DoBH, 2005b) foundations, structural framing, cladding, external doors and windows, and roofing.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2985", "words": "285", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Baccarini, David; Davis, Peter", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2007", "keywords": "construction; paper", "summary": "This paper reminds us that the participants within construction industry are becoming more interrelated and that cooperation wile b become increasing important . The variety of papers this Issue reflect the diverse range of problems and challenges facing the construction industry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2986", "words": "6161", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Du, Jianjian; Liu, Chunlu; Picken, David", "title": "A Preliminary Study on Human Resources Management in International Construction", "date": "2007", "keywords": "construction; employee; hrm; management; managers; participants; project; resource; strategies; training", "summary": "In addition, most employees on an based on the cultural backgrounds of project international construction project are often participants. In addition, the paper uses the literature analysis to describe the nature of human resource management with particular reference to international construction projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2988", "words": "5947", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Hardie, Mary; Khan, Shahed; O'Donnell, Angela; Miller, Graham", "title": "The Efficacy of Waste Management Plans in Australian Commercial Construction Refurbishment Projects", "date": "2007", "keywords": "australia; building; construction; contractor; economics; government; industry; management; minimisation; nsw; projects; refurbishment; waste; wmps", "summary": "It is not clear, however, that WMPs are having the intended environmental effect of increasing the percentage of construction waste diverted from landfill beyond the impact that market forces and social goals alone might generate. Incentives to Waste Minimisation Simple cost incentive seems to be the main reason why the greater quantity (80 to 100%) of intrinsically valuable metallic items from construction waste are commonly recovered.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2989", "words": "4354", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Davis, Peter", "title": "Maintaining Relationship Based Procurement", "date": "2007", "keywords": "alliance; building; construction; development; maintenance; management; phase; process; procurement; project; relationship", "summary": "ABSTRACT Alliance and relationship projects are increasing in number and represent a large pool of work. Keywords: Relationship Contracting/ Maintenance, Procurement, Alliance RELATIONSHIP CONTRACTING Alliance and relationship projects are increasing in number and represent a large pool of work, for example Davis (200tJ) catalogued thirty-four Australian relationship style projects with an average value of $150 million.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2990", "words": "7116", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Sundqvist, Jan; Larsson, Bengt; Lindahl, Goran", "title": "Cooperation in the Building Sector between Building Material Manufacturers and Contractors to Develop Products", "date": "2007", "keywords": "= =; australia; building; construction; construction industry; education; employment; industry; references; relations; shortages; skills; training", "summary": "The Employment, Workplace Relations and Education References Committee (2004) found that the apprenticeship system is built on trade skills training and that there is uncertainty as to whether such a method of skill development is sufficiently enterprise focused and sufficiently specialised. The CFMEU (2005a) indicates that one issue of concern is to establish industry training funds in NSW, Victoria and the NT - in keeping with other states and territories.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2992", "words": "390", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "25", "author": "Baccarini, David; Davis, Peter", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; paper", "summary": "The paper concludes that risks associated in PPP infrastructure projects are unique and therefore it is beneficial to classify them from project life cycle perspectives, and the proposed fuzzy AHP method is suitable for the assessment of these risks. Marcus Towner and David Baccarini\u2019s paper deals with a ubiquitous process within the construction projects - pricing for risk in competitive tenders by construction contractors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2993", "words": "6795", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Oo, Bee-Lan; Drew, Derek; Lo, Hing-Po", "title": "Comparing Contractors' Decision to Bid in Different Market Environments", "date": "2012", "keywords": "aus; bid; bidders; bidding; construction; contractors; industry; market; number; respondents; sin", "summary": "A theoretical framework for determining the minimum number of bidders in construction bidding competitions. Risk and need-for-work premiums in contractor bidding.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2994", "words": "7375", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Castell, L", "title": "Adapting Building Design to Access by Individuals with Intellectual Disability", "date": "2012", "keywords": "access; building; deputy; design; disability; information; people; person; research; salmi; signs; wayfinding", "summary": "Having established a potential scope for the problem, the paper concludes with a discussion about the associated cost implications and benefits in providing such building access. Providing building access for people with ID is likely to provide the following benefits: a)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2995", "words": "5628", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Slater, Rochelle; Radford, Antony", "title": "Perceptions in the Australian Building Industry of Deficiencies in Architects' Design Documentation and the Effects on Project Procurement", "date": "2012", "keywords": "architects; australia; building; constructability; construction; design; documentation; industry; process; project; quality; research; site; tilley; time", "summary": "Microsoft Word - The Australian Journal of Construction Economics and Building [Vol8, No1].doc Perceptions in the Australian building industry of deficiencies in architects\u2019 design documentation and the effects on project procurement Rochelle Slater and Antony Radford (The University of Adelaide, School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design, Adelaide, South Australia) Recent surveys have found that 68% of designers and 88% of constructors within the industry feel that the standard of design documentation and specifications has declined over the past 12 \u2013 15 years (Tilley 2005).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2996", "words": "6435", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Li, Jie; Zou, Patrick", "title": "Risk Identification and Assessment in PPP Infrastructure Projects using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process and Life-Cycle Methodology", "date": "2012", "keywords": "ahp; assessment; construction; design; et al; factors; management; ppp; project; risk; stage; \u221a \u221a", "summary": "Li et al 2005, UK Lemos, et al, 2004, Portugal Grimsey, et al, 2002, UK WANG, et al, 2000, China Akintoye, et al, 1998, UK Total Feasibility study Environmental pollution \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Risk of not-permit/ approval \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 5 Land acquisition and compensation problems \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 5 Public opposition \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 4 Pre-investment risk \u221a \u221a \u221a 3 Exclusivity, (i.e. not providing second facility \u221a \u221a \u221a 3 Level of demand for project \u221a \u221a \u221a 3 Political opposition/hostility \u221a \u221a 2 Poor public decision-making process \u221a \u221a 2 Financing Interest rate volatility \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Inflation rate volatility \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Legislation change \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Low financial attraction of project to investors \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 5 High finance costs \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 5 Poor financial market \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 4 Design Design deficiency \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 5 Too many design changes \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 4 Unproven engineering techniques \u221a \u221a 1 Construction Construction cost overrun \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Delay completion \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Table 1: Risk identification and classification based on project lifecycle Risk category Risk factors Singh et al, 2006,India Li et al 2005, UK Lemos, et al, 2004, Portugal Grimsey, et al, 2002, UK WANG, et al, 2000, China Akintoye, et al, 1998, UK Total Environmental pollution \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 interest rate volatility \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Inflation rate volatility \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Difficulties in land acquisition and compensation \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 5 Too many late design variation \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 5 Non-reliability and creditworthiness of local parties \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 5 public opposition \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 4 Construction force majeure events \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 4 Poor quality workmanship \u221a \u221a \u221a 3 Excessive contract variation \u221a \u221a \u221a 3 non-availability of material / Labour \u221a \u221a \u221a 3 Insolvency / default of subcontractor or suppliers \u221a \u221a \u221a 3 Bad weather \u221a \u221a \u221a 3 Poor Geotechnical conditions \u221a \u221a 2 Operation Operation revenues below expectation \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Fluctuating market demand \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Operation / maintenance cost overrun \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Environmental pollution \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 interest rate volatility \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Inflation rate volatility \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Legislation change \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Risk category Risk factors Singh et al, 2006,India Li et al 2005, UK Lemos, et al, 2004, Portugal Grimsey, et al, 2002, UK WANG, et al, 2000, China Akintoye, et al, 1998, UK Total Lack of reliability and creditworthiness of local parties \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 6 Low productivity during operation \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 5 Technology risk \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 5 public opposition because of high product/service price/fees \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 4 Operator\u2019s inability \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a 4 Exclusivity, (i.e. not second facility) \u221a \u221a \u221a 3 Political force majeure events \u221a \u221a \u221a 3 Debt risk \u221a \u221a 2 Expropriation, revoke, sequestration of assets \u221a \u221a 2 Prolonged downtime during operation \u221a \u221a 2 Transfer low residual value \u221a \u221a \u221a 3 Transmission failure \u221a \u221a 2 the joint venture projects to support the rational decision making of project stakeholders. Level 1 objective Level 2 risk group Level 3 risk factor PPP\u00a0Risks\u00a0Assessment\u00a0and\u00a0Ranking\u00a0(R1) Risk\u00a0ranking\u00a0in\u00a0 Feasibility\u00a0 study\u00a0(R2\u20101)\u00a0 \u2026 \u2026 \u2026 R isks (R 3-11) R isks (R 3-1x) Risk\u00a0ranking\u00a0in\u00a0 Design\u00a0 ( ) \u2026 \u2026 \u2026 R isks (R 3-31) R isks (R 3-3x) Risk\u00a0ranking\u00a0in\u00a0 Financing\u00a0 \u2026 \u2026 \u2026 R isks (R 3-21) R isks (R 3-2x) Risk\u00a0ranking\u00a0in\u00a0 Construction (R2-4) \u2026 \u2026 \u2026 R isks (R 3-41) R isks (R 3-4x) Risk\u00a0ranking\u00a0 in\u00a0Operation (R2-5) \u2026 \u2026 \u2026 R isks (R 3-51) R isks (R 3-5x) Risk\u00a0ranking\u00a0in\u00a0 Transfer (R2-6) \u2026 \u2026 \u2026 R isks (R 3-51) R isks (R 3-5x) Figure 2: PPP Risks hierarchy structure Fuzzy scale Definition of the fuzzy set Intensity of importance 1 1 Two activities contribute equally to the objective 1% ~", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-2997", "words": "6148", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Towner, Marcus; Baccarini, David", "title": "Risk Pricing in Construction Tenders - How, Who, What", "date": "2025", "keywords": "construction; contractors; estimate; price; pricing; project; respondents; risk; tenders", "summary": "\u2022 Establishing long relationships with clients - The desire to establish an ongoing relationship with a client may lead a contractor to make a conscious decision to reduce their profit margin, so it is a consideration in the way they price their tender, but it is unlikely to be the cause of additional project risk. Paek, J. H. 1994, 'Contractor risks in conceptual estimating', Cost Engineering, vol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3000", "words": "451", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Baccarini, David; Davis, Peter", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; learning", "summary": "They highlight the potential for reducing empty running by construction trucks through back-loading waste to points of disposal, reuse, recycling or reclamation using a reverse logics concept. S. Thomas Ng, Ekambaram Palaneeswaran and Mohan Kumaraswamy collaborate to produce a paper associated with quality management systems and ISO9000; discussing the costs and benefits associated with improvements in product quality and achievement of desired objectives of client\u2019s and their satisfaction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3001", "words": "4218", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Motawa, Ibrahim; Kaka, Ammar", "title": "Payment Mechanisms for Integrated Teams in Construction", "date": "2012", "keywords": "cash; chain; construction; costs; flow; materials; mechanisms; payment; project; site; system", "summary": "Keywords: Payment mechanisms, Pricing methods, Construction process. INTRODUCTION The role of payment mechanisms in construction contracts inspired many researchers to categorise the types of contracts by the types of payment mechanisms, for example: Williams (1992), O'Reilly\u2019s (1993), Potts (1995) and Smith (2002).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3002", "words": "7079", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Sundqvist, Jan", "title": "From Focus on Price to the Pyramid of Innovation, Information, Cooperation, Value and Trust: A Success Story of Five Swedish Building Material Manufacturers", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; companies; company; construction; cooperation; development; information; innovation; processes; products; values", "summary": "The MD has also extended his thinking to include other companies in order to discuss mutual tenders from a combined group of companies, whose tender to the customer would be reinforced concrete poured into a mould with reinforcement mounted and all that is required. Through the engagement of a university, the company and its offerings will probably be regarded as being more respected and trustworthy than other companies without those contacts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3003", "words": "5091", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Ng, Thomas; Palaneeswaran, Ekambaram; Kumaraswamy, Mohan", "title": "Costs and Benefits of ISO9000-based Quality Management Systems to Construction Contractors", "date": "2012", "keywords": "benefits; construction; contractors; cost; iso9000; management; qms; quality", "summary": "Some observations on the issues of quality cost in construction, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 14(5), 464-481. With the introduction of ISO9001:2000, many Costs and benefits of ISO9000-based quality management systems to construction contractors S.Thomas Ng1, Ekambaram Palaneeswaran2 and Mohan Kumaraswamy1 1Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 2Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 23The Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building [Vol 8, No 2] 3 practitioners and researchers expected the running costs could be reduced, while more benefits could be attained.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3004", "words": "6537", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Nani, Gabriel; Edwards, Peter; Adjei-Kumi, Theophilus; Badu, Edward; Amoah, Peter", "title": "Customisation and Desirable Characteristics of a Standard Method of Measurement for Building Works in Ghana", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; construction; ghana; items; measurement; method; modifications; quantity; smm; smms; standard; surveyors; works", "summary": "A (Highly Essential Properties) Easy location Easy to locate work items and rules. Earley and Gould (2004) describe the SMM as: \u2018a formal document setting out conventions for defining the nature of construction works, how the work is measured or taken off and quantified\u2019.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3005", "words": "4905", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Shakantu, Winston; Muya, Mundia; Tookey, John; Bown, Paul", "title": "Evaluating Truck Empty Running in Construction: A Case Study from Cape Town, South Africa", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; delivery; loading; logistics; management; materials; removal; reverse; sites; vehicles; waste", "summary": "This proportion could be translated to be indicative of the proportion of construction vehicles running empty in the Cape Town Metropolitan area. Dedicated vehicle platforms Construction vehicles come in various shapes, sizes, types and bodies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3006", "words": "6814", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Wasif, Ingeborg; Josephson, Per-Erik; Styhre, Alexander", "title": "Individual Learning in Construction Projects: Professions and their Approaches", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; courses; individual; knowledge; learning; managers; new; project; site; vol; workers", "summary": "untitled Individual learning in construction projects: professions and their approaches Ingeborg Wasif, Per-Erik Josephson and Alexander Styhre Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden ABSTRACT New materials, use of sophisticated technologies and increased customer demands, in combination with growing competition among construction companies, have led to a high degree of specialization. Key words: Construction projects, individual learning, networks, experimenting, reading, organizing INTRODUCTION The increasing complexity of individual work tasks creates either a need for a higher degree of standardization and industrialized building methods or a need for increased organizational learning that enables the individual to deal with this complexity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3008", "words": "440", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Langston, Craig; Best, Rick", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; journal", "summary": "The Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, known as AJCEB to its friends, has increased its reputation and standing in the community over the past nine years, thanks to the guidance of the Editorial Board, the willingness and enthusiasm of guest referees, and the support of all stakeholders. We hope you enjoy this selection of papers, which clearly underlines the scope of AJCEB and its increasingly international readership.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3009", "words": "5723", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Hardie, Mary; Saha, Swapan", "title": "Builders' Perceptions of Lowest Cost Procurement and Its Impact on Quality", "date": "2012", "keywords": "builders; building; construction; cost; economics; impact; industry; management; procurement; project; quality; respondents", "summary": "An inexperienced owner may not be aware of the potential pitfalls inherent in the complexity of construction project delivery. In general, the competitive bidding process emphasises cost at the expense of value and the result is a widely reported problem with delivering project quality in the traditional system (Uher, 1999; Walker and Hampson, 2003; Hampson, 2005).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3010", "words": "7244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Langston, Yu Lay; Langston, Craig", "title": "The Inherent Building Energy-Cost Relationship: An Analysis of Thirty Melbourne Case Studies", "date": "2012", "keywords": "analysis; area; building; capital; case; construction; cost; data; embodied; energy; gfa; new; operating; relationship", "summary": "Even where energy is elevated to more importance, operating energy is seen as the focus and embodied energy is nearly always ignored. Embodied energy is defi ned as the energy used in building construction, including all the upstream processes such as raw material mining, manufacture, packaging and transportation to site.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3011", "words": "7062", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Jin, Xioa-Hua", "title": "Allocating Risks in Public-Private Partnerships Using a Transaction Cost Economic Approach: A Case Study", "date": "2012", "keywords": "allocation; construction; costs; economics; government; management; melbourne; ppp; project; risk; station; tce; transaction; williamson", "summary": "Moreover, the accuracy of the presumed transfer of a package of risks to the private sector, together with the identifi cation and valuation of project risks, are essential to the construction of a meaningful PPP project (DFA, 2005a). In the Project, construction risk was high because the design was highly complex and innovative, the constructability was accordingly Risks in the Southern Cross Station redevelopment project Financial Risk Construction Risk Transaction characteristics Asset specificity Physical assets specificity is relatively low; human assets specificity is medium Physical assets specificity is increasingly high; human assets specificity is medium Transaction frequency Low because partners had never cooperated on similar projects before Low because partners had never cooperated on similar projects before Uncertainty Relatively low because of stable and adequate legislative and regulatory system, efficient and convenient approval process, supportive community attitude, stable regional economy, and mature and stable financial and insurance markets, etc. Relatively high because of highly complex and innovative design, subsequent problematic constructability, construction contractor\u2019s relatively scarce experience in similar projects, rigid lump sum D&C contract, and interrupted and ineffective communication among partners; and consequently contractor\u2019s low commitment RA strategy TCE-Oriented To totally transfer to the concessionaire To share between the public client and the developer OR between the developer and the construction contractor by, e.g. cost plus contracts Adopted in the Project Totally transferred to the developer Totally transferred to the developer and subsequently to the construction contractor", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3012", "words": "7732", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Abdul_Aziz, A.R", "title": "Locational Factors and Foreign Market-entry Considerations for Malaysian Contractors", "date": "2012", "keywords": "building; business; construction; contractors; countries; distance; dunning; economics; factors; host; international; internationalisation; journal; management; market; review", "summary": "Awil, A.U. and Abdul-Aziz, A.-R. (2002) \u2018International markets: Malaysian contruction contractors and the stage theory\u2019, The Australian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 2(1), 94-106. \u2018Sources of competitive advantage of Turkish construction companies in international markets\u2019, Construction Management and Economics, 19(2), 135-144. Peck, A., Theodore, N. and Ward, K. (2005) \u2018Constructing markets for temporary labour: Employment liberalization and the internationalization of the staffi ng industry\u2019, Global Networks, 5(1), 3-26.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3013", "words": "7343", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Ofori, George; Toor, Shamas-ur-Rehman", "title": "Role of Leadership in Transforming the Profession of Quantity Surveying", "date": "2012", "keywords": "construction; construction industry; industry; knowledge; leadership; management; profession; quantity; quantity surveyors; surveying; surveyors; work", "summary": "It has been suggested that quantity surveyors should expand their expertise to other areas relating to construction such as facilities management, arbitration, construction law, value management, construction management and project management (Harun and Torrance, 2006). Smith (2004) suggests that there is some uncertainty about the capacity in which, and for whom, the quantity surveyor would work, and the nature of quantity surveying fi rms in the future.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3014", "words": "8159", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Suriyanon, Natee; Chovichien, Visuth", "title": "Applying Conjoint Analysis to Study Attitudes of Thai Government Organisations", "date": "2012", "keywords": "claim; construction; contractor; cost; cost restriction; increase; organisations; restriction; right", "summary": "The granting of fi ve types of the contractor\u2019s claiming right in Clause 16 and Clause 22 is consistent with the attitude of Thai government organisations that do not want to restrict such rights. The silence of the contract on the contractor\u2019s right to claim for three types of the effect, which imply the restriction of the contractor\u2019s claiming rights, is not consistent with the attitude of Thai government organisations that do not want to restrict such rights.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3015", "words": "414", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Langston, Craig; Best, Rick", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2012", "keywords": "journal", "summary": "Bond University, and in particular the Mirvac School of Sustainable Development, is delighted to be the host of this journal this year. We would like to particularly thank the numerous people who have kindly donated their time to review papers and to provide us with their advice and experience.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3016", "words": "6029", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Lim, Tony", "title": "Essence of Time in Construction Contracts", "date": "2012", "keywords": "architect; claim; clause; condition; construction; contract; extension; ltd; time", "summary": "The effect of time stipulations and time limitation clauses in construction contracts have traditionally been interpreted by the courts of common law and equity differently. To be successful in an application to time limitation, the contractor would need to prove that he had relied on the representation of the employer that it would not require the strict notice provision as a bar to subsequent claim by the contractor.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3017", "words": "5707", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Tait, Patrick; Loosemore, Martin", "title": "The Corporate Governance of Australian Listed Construction Companies", "date": "2012", "keywords": "asx; board; committee; companies; compliance; construction; directors; executive; governance; independence; non; performance", "summary": "Lawler III, E., Finegold, D., Benson, G. and Conger, J. (2002) \u2018Corporate boards: keys to effectiveness\u2019, Organizational Dynamics, 30(4), 310-324. Keywords: corporate governance, compliance, resilience, independence, Australian Stock Exchange.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3018", "words": "8648", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Zou, Jian; Zillante, George; Coffey, Vaughan", "title": "Project Culture in the Chinese Construction Industry: Perceptions of Contractors", "date": "2012", "keywords": "chinese; construction; construction projects; culture; industry; international; journal; management; performance; process; project; project culture; project management; project performance; success", "summary": "The main objectives of this paper are to: \u2022 review the literature on project culture, \u2022 investigate project culture in the Chinese construction industry and its impact on the performance of construction projects, and \u2022 discuss the fi ndings and provide suggestions on how to manage culture at the project level. No clearly accepted defi nition of project culture, especially in the context of construction projects, resulting in signifi cant diffi culties in conceptualising and measuring the project culture.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3019", "words": "7635", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Best, Rick", "title": "A Refined Basket of Goods Approach for Comparing Construction Costs between Countries", "date": "2012", "keywords": "basket; building; construction; cost; items; labour; materials; project; rates; singapore; sydney; total", "summary": "Issue2_2009.indb The Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building [Vol 9, No 2] 29 4 A Refi ned Basket of Goods Approach for Comparing Construction Costs between Countries Rick Best (Mirvac School of Sustainable Development, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia) ABSTRACT Most comparisons of construction industry performance require that construction costs be converted to a common base. Keywords: purchasing power parity, construction costs, international comparisons, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3020", "words": "12046", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Idoro, Godwin", "title": "Evaluating Levels of Project Planning and their Effects on Performance in the Nigerian Construction Industry", "date": "2012", "keywords": "clients; contract; contract planning; cost; level; overrun; project performance; project planning; projects; public; results; time", "summary": "The understanding of how public and private sectors projects perform in planning and its impact are expected to assist public and private clients to know the challenges ahead of them in their effort to improve the planning and performance of their projects. Keywords: project performance, project planning, client type, construction industry, Nigeria. In other words, the measures of the effectiveness of project planning and the measures of the performance of the project itself are the same.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3021", "words": "7363", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Adenuga, Olumide; Ibiyemi, Abayomi", "title": "An Assessment of the State of Maintenance of Public Hospital Buildings in Southwest Nigeria", "date": "2012", "keywords": "average; building; control; environment; federal; hospital; maintenance; nigeria; performance; public; services; staff; state", "summary": "Hospital building maintenance managers will be able to upgrade their understanding of building maintenance core problems and be able to evolve proactive policies to guide their operations and performance evaluation. This study aims to investigate the state of maintenance management of public hospital buildings; and the major objective is to examine the physical conditions of public hospital buildings in Southwest Nigeria and fi nd out if there are any differences between Federal and State-owned public hospitals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3031", "words": "6533", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Hooper, Martin; Ekholm, Anders", "title": "A BIM-Info delivery protocol", "date": "2015", "keywords": "arch; bim; building; construction; content; coordination; delivery; design; economics; info delivery; information; journal; project; protocol", "summary": "Abstract Today, with many of the technological issues of integrated information management resolved (perhaps excluding the matter of interoperability), defining the content and status of BIM information deliveries remains both a practical and a theoretical problem. Quality checks on BIM information deliveries appear to be missing or inadequate prior to issue.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3032", "words": "6682", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Azhar, Salman; Khalfan, Malik; Maqsood, Tayyab", "title": "Building information modelling (BIM): now and beyond", "date": "2015", "keywords": "azhar; bim; building; construction; design; economics; facility; information; journal; management; modeling; models; process; project; use", "summary": "In addition, data in these 3D drawings are graphical entities only, such as lines, arcs and circles, in contrast to the intelligent contextual semantic of BIM models, where objects are defined in terms of building elements and systems such as spaces, walls, beams and columns. In addition, 3D laser scanning can be used to scan and accurately (within industry tolerances) develop BIM models of existing facilities which can be later used for renovation and adaptive re-use of existing buildings.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3033", "words": "4303", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Ma, Zhiliang", "title": "A BIM-based approach to reusing construction firm\u2019s management information", "date": "2015", "keywords": "approach; construction; ifc; information; items; management; resources; system", "summary": "(1) This paper reviews the previous undertakings of this study, i.e. the classification and identification of information resource items based on literature review and an expert workshop, the representation of information resources based on the IFC standard, and managing the information resources by using object-oriented database management system. Keywords: Information resources, reuse, BIM, IFC Introduction Nowadays most construction firms are using information management systems as management tools and more and more information is being accumulated in the systems over time, related to productive information on elements such as labor, machine, and material and so on, and covering aspects such as schedule, cost, quality, etc. (Rujirayyanyong 2006)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3037", "words": "7808", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Redmond, Alan; West, Roger", "title": "The use of cloud enabled building information models \u2013 an expert analysis", "date": "2015", "keywords": "bim; building; building information; cloud; computing; construction; construction economics; economics; expert; information; journal; opinion; question", "summary": "In the expert group\u2019s opinion there is a lack of knowledge in the construction industry on the various types of construction cloud applications and due to the fragmented nature of the industry; a collaboration tool that provides interoperable software is a necessity. The market requirements referred to new cloud applications that attempt to match what the best application in their category offers and then proceed to provide a better interface, better integration with other applications and more web features.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3038", "words": "5279", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "33", "author": "Kasprzak, Colleen; Dubler, Craig", "title": "Aligning BIM with FM: streamlining the process for future projects", "date": "2015", "keywords": "bim; building; construction; data; facility; information; integration; opp; process; project", "summary": "By developing a strategic implementation plan for the information exchange process between project stakeholders, the goal is to develop a single point, bidirectional database for documenting asset lifecycle information for future facility projects. Abstract A study performed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA in 2004 found that owners account for approximately $10.6 billion of the $15.8 billion total inadequate interoperability costs of U.S. capital facility projects in 2002.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3046", "words": "6430", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Rameezdeen, Raufdeen; Rodrigo, Anushi", "title": "Textual complexity of standard conditions used in the construction industry", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; clarity; clauses; comprehension; conditions; construction; contract; economics; fidic; journal; level; readability; standard", "summary": "Abstract Clearly written communication aids the understanding of construction contracts, resulting in less disputation. Past research, using opinion surveys rather than objective criteria, shows that construction contracts lack clarity and standard forms have become complex over time.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3047", "words": "859", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Khalfan, Malik M. A.; Azhar, Salman; Maqsood, Tayyab", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2015", "keywords": "bim; construction; information", "summary": "With BIM technology, an accurate virtual model of a facility is digitally constructed. This special issue of Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building (AJCEB) presents five scholarly research papers on BIM technology and process.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3048", "words": "815", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Leifer, D.", "title": "Advanced building technologies for sustainability", "date": "2015", "keywords": "book; building; systems", "summary": "We can talk about thermal mass, control of glazing and insulation, but until we see the CFD models and the numbers, green buildings have become a design style rather than a performance specification. Trying to teach Sustainable Design of buildings without recourse to computer simulations has resulted in buildings based on some rather optimistic assertions by their designers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3069", "words": "7155", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Sarhan, Saad; Fox, Andrew", "title": "Performance measurement in the UK construction industry and its role in supporting the application of lean construction concepts", "date": "2013", "keywords": "construction; construction industry; et al; industry; journal; measurement; measures; performance; performance measurement", "summary": "Although process performance measurements have received substantial attention from academic researchers over the past two decades, the construction industry still has a preference for measureing performance in terms of time and cost (Bowen et al., 2002; Forbes et al., 2002). It was also found that many organisations still depend on the experience of their managers as a means for project performance measurement.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3071", "words": "9400", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Finnie, David", "title": "Comparison of time adjustment clauses between DZ3910, AS4000 and STCC", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; clause; conditions; construction; construction economics; contractor; dz3910; economics; journal; risk; time", "summary": "\u2018What lies beneath: site conditions and contract risk\u2019, Society of Construction Law UK. 137. \uf0b7 Where possible, remove the Guidelines by re-writing contract clauses in such a way that no further guidance is required.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3120", "words": "5015", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Arashpour, Mehrdad; Wakefield, Ron; Blismas, Nick; lee, EWM", "title": "A new approach for modelling variability in residential construction projects", "date": "2013", "keywords": "arashpour; building; construction; contractors; economics; journal; management; process; production; trade; variability", "summary": "\u2018Little's Law as Viewed on Its 50th Anniversary\u2019, Operations Research, 59 (3), 536-549 Martinez, J. C. (2010) \u2018Methodology for Conducting Discrete-Event Simulation Studies in Construction Engineering and Management\u2019, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management-Asce, 136 (1), 3-16 Moyal, P. (2010) \u2018The queue with impatience: construction of the stationary workload under FIFO\u2019, Journal of Applied Probability, 47 (2), 498-512 Pe\u00f1a-Mora, F. and G. H. Dwivedi (2002) \u2018Multiple device collaborative and real time analysis system for project management in civil engineering\u2019, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 16 (1), 23-38 Sawhney, A., K. D. Walsh, H. H. Bashford and S. Palaniappan (2009) \u2018Impact of inspected buffers on production parameters of construction processes\u2019, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135 (4), 319-329 Veryzer, R. W. (2005) \u2018The Roles of Marketing and Industrial Design in Discontinuous New Product Development\u2019, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 22 (1), 22-41 Walker, D. H. T. and Y. J. Shen (2002) \u2018Project understanding, planning, flexibility of management action and construction time performance: two Australian case studies\u2019, Construction Management & Economics, 20 (1) 31-44 Walsh, K. D., H. H. Bashford, A. Sawhney and A. Witjakso (2004) \u2018Cost of risk transfer: Pricing agreements in residential supply chains\u2019, Journal of Architectural Engineering, 10 (3), 112-118 Walsh, K. D., A. Sawhney and H. H. Bashford (2007) That is, the mean and standard deviation of construction process times can be represented by exponential distribution (VI =1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3124", "words": "6711", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Kamardeen, Imriyas", "title": "Motivation-driven learning and teaching model for construction education", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; construction; course; economics; journal; learning; lecturer; model; motivation; students; teaching", "summary": "Keywords: Construction education, Pedagogy, Motivation, Student learning experience, Curriculum design, Teaching quality Introduction Motivation is an important factor in student learning; it is positively correlated with students\u2019 willingness to learn, high-level cognition, creativity and performance (Liu et al 2012). Following that an action research approach was adopted to operationalise and implement the model, and to validate its effectiveness/suitability to enhance student learning.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3128", "words": "6943", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Jimoh, Richard; Van Wyk, Jasper", "title": "Ideological leaning and praxis of housing co-operatives in South Africa: Matters arising", "date": "2013", "keywords": "africa; building; construction; economics; housing; housing co; journal; members; operatives; social; south", "summary": "The developmental phases in co-operative housing has shown that without beneficial legislative and policy frameworks in place, the growth, development and sustainability of housing co-operatives will be near impossible. In spite of the benefits that could be derived from co-operative housing as a delivery option, housing co-operatives around the world are beset by problems ranging from inadequate legislative frameworks, lack of understanding of the public and government officials on co- operative housing to inadequate finance as established by Nubi, 2009; Eglin, 2008; Nnkya, 2001; Byaruhanga, 2001; Fruet, 2005; Fall, 2009; Mubvami & Kamete, 2001; CMHN & VNC, 2004; CMHC, 2003 and McClean & Onyx, 2009.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3133", "words": "5474", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Grant, Aneurin Thomas James; Hinze, Jimmie Wayne", "title": "Underlying causal factors associated with construction worker fatalities involving stepladders", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; construction; economics; fatalities; incidents; journal; stepladders; use; workers", "summary": "An additional objective of this study was to determine if typical manufacturers\u2019 warnings and instructions concerning the safe use of stepladders were adequate, or if worker error and improper use were more likely to explain the causes of stepladder fatality incidents. Other trades that were involved in stepladder incidents included carpenters, demolition workers, heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) workers, steel erectors, painters, insulation workers, window installers, drywallers, and others.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3174", "words": "7273", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "25", "author": "Ruan, Ximing; Ochieng, Edward Godfrey; Price, Andrew David Freeman; Egbu, Charles", "title": "Time for a real shift to relations: appraisal of Social Network Analysis applications in the UK construction industry", "date": "2013", "keywords": "analysis; building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; construction management; economics; journal; knowledge; management; network; network analysis; project", "summary": "As an effective tool, social network analysis has been used to analyse information and knowledge flows between construction project teams which are considered as the foundation for collaborative working and subsequently improving overall performance. Social network analysis is based on an assumption of the importance of relationships among interacting units.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3178", "words": "6336", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "30", "author": "Albert, Alex; Hallowel, Matthew R", "title": "Revamping occupational safety and health training: Integrating andragogical principles for the adult learner", "date": "2013", "keywords": "adult; construction; hazard; journal; learners; learning; performance; process; safety; training; workers", "summary": "Although very promising, the integration of andragogical principles to improve construction safety training programs is relatively new and has not been investigated adequately. Elwood et al. (2008) provides a process model that can be used by andragogical facilitators to adopt adult learning processes into their educational and training programs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3187", "words": "3134", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Livesey, Peter Vincent; Bold, Justin", "title": "Overcoming inadvertent barriers to entry in large infrastructure projects", "date": "2013", "keywords": "construction; contractors; eoi; infrastructure; legacy; projects; way", "summary": "The inference is that by repeating some of the behaviour adopted by the client on Legacy Way, it is possible that the procurement results may be replicated in part i.e. inclusion of international project teams beyond the EOI phase in a fair and transparent process. The answer may not lie in the Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Livesey, P and Bold, J (2013) \u2018Overcoming inadvertent barriers to entry in large infrastructure projects\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 13 (1) 85-91 86 consistency of views proposed by various stakeholders but in the inconsistency of views between government and internationals regarding barriers to entry as outlined above.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3194", "words": "3893", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Mahamid, Ibrahim", "title": "Common risks affecting time overrun in road construction projects in Palestine: Contractors\u2019 perspective", "date": "2013", "keywords": "construction; factors; group; projects; road; time", "summary": "Factors influencing time and cost overruns on construction projects in the Gaza Strip, Islamic University, Gaza Chan, Daniel W. and Kumaraswamy, Mohan M. (1997) \u2018A comparative study of causes of time overruns in Hong Kong construction projects\u2019, International Journal of Project Management, 15 (1), 55-63 Faridi, A. and El-sayegh, S. (2006) \u2018Significant factors causing delay in the UAE construction industry\u2019, Construction Management and Economics, 24, 1167\u20131176 Koushki, P., Al-Rashid, K., and Kartam, N. (2005) \u2018Delays and cost increases in the construction of private residential projects in Kuwait\u2019, Construction Management and Economics, 23 (3), 285- 294 Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Mahamid I (2013) \u2018Common risks affecting time overrun in road construction projects in Palestine: Contractors\u2019 perspective\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 13 (2) 45-53 53 Mahamid, I. (2011) This study aims at identifying the common risks affecting time overrun in road construction projects in the West Bank in Palestine from contractors\u2019 viewpoint.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3198", "words": "413", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Stevens, Matt", "title": "Managing giga projects: advice from those who\u2019ve been there, done that", "date": "2013", "keywords": "book; projects", "summary": "While most construction managers may never work with projects of this magnitude, the issues presented and the discussions that follow are applicable to any size project. Starting this learning early such as in undergraduate courses makes sense since it takes many years to gain the experience to manage projects of any size.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3269", "words": "5819", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "30", "author": "Grant, Elizabeth Maree", "title": "\u201cPack 'em, rack 'em and stack 'em\u201d: The appropriateness of the use and reuse of shipping containers for prison accommodation", "date": "2013", "keywords": "accommodation; building; cells; construction; containers; design; economics; journal; new; prison; prisoners; reuse; shipping; shipping containers; use", "summary": "\u2018A night in shipping container prison\u2019, New Zealand News, 2nd June 2010 Grant, E. & Jewkes, Y. (2013) \u2018Finally Fit for Purpose: The Evolution of Australian Prison Architecture\u2019, The Prison Journal (forthcoming) Grant, E. Hansen, A. & Williamson, T. (2012) \u2018Design issues for prisoner health: Thermal conditions in Australian custodial environments\u2019, World Health Design, 5 (3), 80-85 http://www.csshippingcontainers.co.uk/shipping-container-conversions/shipping-containers-and-container-conversions-5-unusual-requests http://www.csshippingcontainers.co.uk/shipping-container-conversions/shipping-containers-and-container-conversions-5-unusual-requests http://www.corrections.sa.gov.au/dcs-projects/mgp-expansion http://www.corrections.govt.nz/news-and-publications/media-releases/2010-media-releases/container_cells_open_for_business_at_rimutaka.html http://www.corrections.govt.nz/news-and-publications/media-releases/2010-media-releases/container_cells_open_for_business_at_rimutaka.html http://www.corrections.govt.nz/utility-navigation/find-a-facility-or-site/find_a_corrections_facility/rimutaka_prison.html http://www.corrections.govt.nz/utility-navigation/find-a-facility-or-site/find_a_corrections_facility/rimutaka_prison.html http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/guantanamo-bay_delta.htm Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Grant E (2013) \u2018\u201cPack 'em, rack 'em and stack 'em\u201d: The appropriateness of the use and reuse of shipping containers for prison accommodation\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 13 (2) 35-44 43 Grant, E. (2008) In the last three years, shipping containers have been used in the prison sector as a way of managing burgeoning prison populations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3270", "words": "8571", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "29", "author": "Windapo, Abimbola Olukemi", "title": "Relationship between degree of risk, cost and level of compliance to occupational health and safety regulations in construction", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; compliance; construction; cost; degree; economics; h&s; health; journal; level; ohsa; regulations; requirements; risk; safety; savings", "summary": "Construction project risks can be evaluated and ranked according to their probability of occurrence and severity of consequence within a project risk matrix (see McGeorge and Zou 2013; and Pinto 2002) as shown in Table 1. Before these correlates are determined and discussed, the paper will first of all review the concept of OHSA regulations, the measurement of construction risks, the level of compliance, and costs and benefits of compliance to OHSA regulations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3278", "words": "6157", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Ho, Paul H K", "title": "Forecasting the manpower demand for quantity surveyors in Hong Kong", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; construction; demand; forecasting; manpower; model; quantity; quantity surveyors; surveyors", "summary": "Year Forecasted logeMDt Forecasted MDt Additional No. of QS Percentage Increase 2013 7.815 2 480 128 5.2% 2014 7.875 2 632 152 5.8% 2015 7.938 2 804 172 6.1% Table 5 Forecasted Manpower Demand for Quantity Surveyors Supply of Quantity Surveyors In theory, the supply of quantity surveyors is determined by (1) the number of students currently studying the surveying programme (i.e. potential members), (2) the number of probationers currently undertaking the professional training under the supervision of qualified quantity surveyors, (3) the number of existing qualified quantity surveyors (i.e. active members), and (4) the number of retired quantity surveyors (i.e. inactive members). Recently, there has been a massive infrastructure development and an increasing demand for public and private housing, resulting in a shortage of qualified quantity surveyors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3280", "words": "6907", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Barnes, Lisa Robyn; Croker, Norman", "title": "The relevance of the ISO26000 social responsibility issues to the Hong Kong construction industry", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; contractors; csr; hong; hong kong; issues; journal; kong; kong construction; responsibility", "summary": "November 2012 http://www.devb.gov.hk/en/construction_sector_matters/contractors/index.html HKGov 2013, Facts about Hong Kong, viewed 13 January 2013 http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/facts.htm HKSARCSD 2013a, Key statistics on business performance and operating characteristics of the building, construction and real estate sectors in 2011 [29.11.2012], HKSAR, viewed 11 January 2013 http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/press_release/pressReleaseDetail.jsp?charsetID=1&pressRID=3 057 HKSARCSD 2013b, Report on the Quarterly Survey of Construction Output, Census and Statistics Department HKSAR, viewed 28 May 2013 HKTDC 2013, Economy Research, viewed 13 January 2013 http://hong-kong-economy- research.hktdc.com HKYP 2012, Yellow Pages List of Construction Contractors, viewed 23 November 2012 http://www.yp.com.hk/iypbusiness_e10/en/html/browsing_search/browsecat_result_douinfo. HKCA 2012, Hong Kong Construction Association, viewed 23 November 2012 http://www.hkca.com.hk/ HKCIC 2012, Construction Industry Council Voluntary Registration Scheme, viewed 23 November 2012 http://www.hkcic.org/eng/main.aspx HKFEMCL 2012, The Hong Kong Federation of Electrical and Mechanical Contractors Limited, viewed 23 November 2012 http://www.hkfemc.org/ HKGDevB 2012, List of Approved Contractors, viewed 23", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3300", "words": "8573", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Sunindijo, Riza Yosia; Zou, Patrick X. W.", "title": "The roles of emotional intelligence, interpersonal skill, and transformational leadership on improving construction safety performance", "date": "2013", "keywords": "climate; construction; construction safety; intelligence; journal; leadership; management; performance; project; research; safety; safety climate; safety management; self; skill", "summary": "\u2018The roles of emotional intelligence, interpersonal skill, and transformational leadership on improving construction safety performance\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 13 (3) 97-113 110 superior performance in construction project safety. Much research has been conducted in construction safety management, such as safety risk management, safety management system framework and measurement, safety in design, building information modelling (BIM), and the return on investment of safety (Zou and Sunindijo 2013).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3301", "words": "8891", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Alkilani, Suhair Zaid; Jupp, Julie; Sawhney, Anil", "title": "Issues of construction health and safety in developing countries: a case of Jordan", "date": "2013", "keywords": "case; construction; construction health; construction industry; contractors; countries; department; et al; government; h&s; health; industry; issues; jordan; journal; management; performance; safety", "summary": "This is in contrast to findings of previous research relating to H&S in developing countries, which highlights the adverse effects of using unskilled foreign labor on construction industry H&S performance. \u2018Issues of construction health and safety in developing countries: a case of Jordan\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 13 (3) 141-156 149 Findings \u2013 Part 2: Constraints on Construction H&S in Jordan The study found that Jordan\u2019s construction industry is hindered by many challenges that adversely affect H&S performance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3316", "words": "8944", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "26", "author": "Chiu, Wai Yee Betty; Ng, Fung Fai", "title": "Improvement of job satisfaction and organisational commitment through work group identification: an examination of the quantity surveyors in Hong Kong", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; commitment; construction; economics; group identification; hong; job satisfaction; journal; kong; organisation; quantity; quantity surveyors; study; surveyors; work group", "summary": "Usually, a quantity surveyor is assigned into work group for handling construction projects and project tasks are divided among work group members. Work group identification is found to have significant positive influence on job satisfaction, affective and normative commitment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3321", "words": "8630", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "26", "author": "Gajendran, Thayaparan; Brewer, Graham; Marimuthu, Malliga", "title": "Internationalisation of construction business and e-commerce: Innovation, integration and dynamic capabilities", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; business; capabilities; chain; commerce; construction; construction business; firms; information; innovation; integration; international; journal; management; supply; supply chain", "summary": "Construction supply chain integration: an elusive goal? Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Gajendran, T et al. (2013) \u2018Internationalisation of construction business and e-commerce: Innovation, integration and dynamic capabilities\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 13 (2) 1-17 5 Siau and Tian (2004: 67) indicate that \u201cthe goal of supply chain integration is to link up the market place, the distribution network, the manufacturing process, and procurement activity in such a way that customers are better serviced at a lower total cost\u201d.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3322", "words": "8197", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Ding, Grace", "title": "Demolish or refurbish \u2013 Environmental benefits of housing conservation", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; climate; construction; construction economics; data; dwellings; economics; energy; environmental; housing; humidity; journal; temperature", "summary": "The extensive consumption of building materials to cope with the increasing housing demand has intensified with the high energy content embodied in the manufacturing processes of these materials. According to Yang and Kohler (2008) if embodied energy in building materials is taken into account, life cycle energy consumption of buildings in China can increase to over 45% of the national total energy consumption.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3324", "words": "5679", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "MacDonald, Jennifer; Mills, Julie", "title": "An IPD approach to construction education", "date": "2013", "keywords": "aec; bim; building; construction; courses; curriculum; economics; education; framework; industry; information; journal; learning; students", "summary": "A current web search reveals that 100% of the institutions listed by Morse now teach BIM in some of their courses, at least 17 of the 18 (94%) ABET- accredited Architectural Engineering programs in the US now offer some level of BIM instruction, and at least 9 out of the 12 ABET accredited Construction Engineering institutions offer BIM courses (75%) (Macdonald, 2011a). Paper available at http://codebim.com/bim-library/codebim-project-publications/ Macdonald, J.A. (2012) \u2018A framework for collaborative BIM education across the AEC disciplines.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3325", "words": "1382", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Harfield, Steve", "title": "Two Degrees: The Built Environment and Our Changing Climate", "date": "2013", "keywords": "change; climate; issues", "summary": "While it may comprise a selection of short chapters, or may be considered \u2018thin\u2019 by a variety of experts who might expect more, the book offers an important range of information concerning climate change and strategies for addressing such issues; does so in a way that may be brief but is well-written, highly-focussed Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Harfield, S (2013) As an academic and not an architectural practitioner, and as a theorist but with no connections to issues of climate change, energy efficiency, sustainability, greenhouse gas emissions, \u2018green buildings\u2019, etc., this book offers an interesting and informative introduction to just such issues.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3363", "words": "6580", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Alqahtani, Ayedh; Whyte, Andrew", "title": "Artificial neural networks incorporating cost significant Items towards enhancing estimation for (life-cycle) costing of construction projects", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; construction; cost; cycle; data; economics; estimation; journal; life; model; networks; projects", "summary": "Kim, G.-H., An, S.-H. and Kang, K.-I. (2004) 'Comparison of construction cost estimating models based on regression analysis, neural networks, and case-based reasoning', Building and Environment, 39 (10), 1235-1242. Regression modelling is another method towards identification of construction cost impact factors, where regression equations estimate construction cost depending upon on cost-factor interrelationships.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3378", "words": "8108", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Ssegawa, Joseph", "title": "Developing a strategic perspective for construction industry of Botswana", "date": "2013", "keywords": "botswana; building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; economics; industry; journal; mission; perspective; sector; stakeholders; statement; vision", "summary": "As a result, reports have surfaced from various corners of the world (e.g. World Bank, 1984; and ILO, 1991) identifying challenges which are generic and specific to construction industries around the world. Some reports (e.g. Fox and Skitmore, 2007) have also Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Ssegawa, J (2013) \u2018Developing a strategic perspective for construction industry of Botswana\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 13 (3) 157-172 158 strategized ways of overcoming constraints in order to enhance the long-term performance of the industry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3385", "words": "6528", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Hubbard, Bryan; Huang, Qian; Caskey, Patrtick; Wang, Yang", "title": "Safety awareness educational topics for the construction of power transmission systems with smart grid technologies", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; construction; economics; grid; journal; power; safety; systems; technologies; topics; transmission; voltage", "summary": "This course module is expected to deliver a comprehensive comparison between traditional power grid systems and smart grid power systems. Interviews were conducted with a facilities manager/owner overseeing electrical improvements on high voltage building systems, a safety manager and electricians who work on electrical substations, and a constructor of high voltage power transmission systems.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3402", "words": "6578", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Pekuri, Aki; Pekuri, Laura; Haapasalo, Harri", "title": "The role of business models in Finnish construction companies", "date": "2013", "keywords": "business; business models; companies; company; construction; customers; journal; models; projects; value", "summary": "Key Elements as a Common Language The term \u2018business model\u2019 has steadily gained widespread popularity since the 1990s, when business models and the changing firm boundaries were discussed in the context of the Internet (Afuah & Tucci 2000; Afuah 2003; Osterwalder 2004; Burkhart et al. 2011). Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Pekuri, A et al (2013) \u2018The role of business models in Finnish construction companies\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 13 (3) 13-23 23 Kujala, S., Artto, K., Aaltonen, P., and Turkulainen, V. (2010) \u2018Business models in project- based firms \u2013 towards a typology of a solution-specific business models\u2019, International Journal of Project Management, 28 (2), 96-106.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3483", "words": "6591", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Abbott, Malcolm; Carson, Chris", "title": "A comparative approach to determining the growth of productivity of the New Zealand construction industry", "date": "2013", "keywords": "australia; building; construction; construction industry; efficiency; growth; industry; new zealand; productivity; statistics; zealand construction", "summary": "Figure 1 Total factor productivity in New Zealand construction, Statistics New Zealand, 2006 Census New Zealand Australia Income $m NZ Expenditure $m NZ EBIT $m NZ Profit margin % Income $m Au Expenses $m Au EBIT $m Au Profit margin % 2002 16,570 15,232 1,952 11.8 123,328 112,596 11,232 9.1 2003 18,730 17,271 2,096 11.2 140,984 128,960 13,078 9.3 2004 20,872 19,383 2,333 11.2 159,928 145,434 15,935 10.0 2005 23,391 25,902 3,394 14.5 174,162 157,655 16,930 9.7 2006 32,734 29,517 4,275 13.1 198,802 179,329 19,485 9.8 2007 34,507 30,640 5,043 14.6 233,348 202,348 33,896 14.5 2008 38,104 34,749 3,893 10.2 253,820 234,279 28,227 11.1 2009 36,965 34,991 2,231 6.0 260,154 240,499 29,010 11.2 2010 33,451 31,263 1,972 5.9 275,290 254,002 31,308 11.4 Table 2 Returns to business in the New Zealand and Australian construction industry Source: Statistics New Zealand, Annual enterprise survey.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3484", "words": "7248", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Brewer, Graham; Gajendran, Thayaparan; Runeson, Goran", "title": "ICT & innovation: a case of integration in a regional construction firm", "date": "2013", "keywords": "brewer; building; capabilities; case; construction; culture; economics; firm; ict; innovation; integration; journal; project; supply", "summary": "A conceptual supply chain model of the temporary organisations constructed to complete construction projects is therefore useful to analyse cultural influences on ICT use in this context. In the context of this paper the development of project team culture and the cultural influence of the industry beyond the focal project are of central importance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3537", "words": "7510", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Abdi, Adel; Lind, Hans; Birgisson, Bj\u00f6rn", "title": "Payment mechanisms for winter road maintenance services", "date": "2013", "keywords": "abdi; building; construction; contract; economics; journal; maintenance; payment; road; road maintenance; services; weather; winter", "summary": "Only for salt consumption control during winter Table 3 International benchmarking of winter road maintenance contracts Due to the limited response to the benchmarking survey, it is uncertain to what extent WI is used in other countries. In countries with severe winters, a major portion of the annual budget for road maintenance is allocated to winter road maintenance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3602", "words": "8233", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Jiang, Heng; Jin, Xiao-Hua; Liu, Chunlu", "title": "The effects of the late 2000s global financial crisis on Australia\u2019s construction demand", "date": "2013", "keywords": "analysis; building; construction demand; construction economics; construction industry; crisis; effects; indicators; intervention; journal; vec", "summary": "The solved results and actual values of three types of construction demand are shown in Figure 2. 0.0 5000.0 10000.0 15000.0 20000.0 25000.0 30000.0 35000.0 2008Q2 2008Q3 2008Q4 2009Q1 2009Q2 2009Q3 2009Q4 2010Q1 2010Q2 V a lu e $ 'm il li o n Actual overall construction demand Overall construction demand with intervention analysis Actual residential construction demand Residential construction demand with intervention analysis Actual non-residential construction demand Non-residential construction demand with intervention analysis Figure 2 Comparison of different types of actual construction demand and construction demand with intervention analysis during the crisis (Scenario A) The value of overall, residential and non-residential construction demand with intervention analysis are interpreted as the value of three types of construction demand changes from Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Jiang, H et al (2013) Abstract An accurate measurement of the impacts of external shocks on construction demand will enable construction industry policymakers and developers to make allowances for future occurrences and advance the construction industry in a sustainable manner.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3604", "words": "103", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "4", "author": "Teo, Evelyn Ai Lin", "title": "Guest Editorial", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building", "summary": "Teo, E A L (2013) Guest editorial, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 13 (3) 96 96 Guest Editorial Evelyn Ai Lin Teo, National University of Singapore This section contains upgraded versions of a set of selected papers originally published at The CIB W099 International Conference on Modelling and Building Health and Safety\u201d, which was organised and hosted by the Department of Building, National University of Singapore 10 -11 of September 2012. The focal objectives of this section are to explore the integration and application of new techniques, technologies and strategies towards attaining verifiable improvements in occupational safety and health in construction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3619", "words": "8366", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "25", "author": "Spillane, John; Oyedele, Lukumon O.", "title": "Strategies for effective management of health and safety in confined site construction", "date": "2013", "keywords": "australasian; building; case; construction; construction economics; health; industry; journal; management; personnel; project; safety; site; site construction; site management; strategies; work", "summary": "One such environment which excels in this regard is that of urban, inner city, confined construction sites. Identifying appropriate strategies in the supervision of an inherently diverse and problematic environment, such as that of an inner city confined construction site, on-site professionals can strive to achieve an unblemished health and safety record, particularly with regards to the construction of complex structures within a spatially limited environment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3620", "words": "9875", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Dumrak, Jantanee; Mostafa, Sherif; Kamardeen, Imriyas; Rameezdeen, Raufdeen", "title": "Factors associated with the severity of construction accidents: The case of South Australia", "date": "2013", "keywords": "accidents; australia; building; construction; construction accidents; economics; et al; factors; injuries; injury; journal; safety; severity; study; workers", "summary": "Figure 1 Factors affecting construction accident severity Apart from causing human tragedies, construction accidents also delay project progress, increase costs and damage the reputation of the builder (Gangolells et al. 2010).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3630", "words": "9449", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "27", "author": "Kuiper, Ilsa; Holzer, Dominik", "title": "Rethinking the contractual context for Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the Australian built environment industry", "date": "2013", "keywords": "bim; building; construction; construction economics; context; contract; contracting; delivery; design; economics; environment; industry; information; journal; management; model; modelling; project; use", "summary": "Energy performance and sustainability, through the use of technology, has also driven BIM related projects and research in Europe and the US (Ploennigs, Dibowski, R\u00f6der, Kabitzsch, & Hensel, 2011) In practice, there exist opportunities to facilitate (or even partially automate) the transition from Design Intent to Construction BIM.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3641", "words": "8243", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Nesensohn, Claus; Bryde, David James; Ochieng, Edward; Fearon, Damian", "title": "Maturity and maturity models in lean construction", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; construction; construction economics; economics; et al; journal; management; maturity; mms; models; process; project", "summary": "If yes, what does LC maturity look like? Is there really an identifiable endpoint in LC maturity?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3658", "words": "6227", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Langston, Craig", "title": "Development of generic key performance indicators for PMBOK\u00ae using a 3D project integration model", "date": "2013", "keywords": "construction; cost; journal; management; model; performance; project; project management; success; time", "summary": "Keywords: Project management, Integration, Tetrahedron, Key performance indicators, Success criteria, PMBOK\u00ae knowledge areas Introduction Project success has long been one of the most discussed issues in project management globally. Literature Review Existing PMBOK\u00ae Knowledge Areas The PMBOK\u00ae Guide Fifth Edition (PMI, 2013) is founded on ten knowledge areas that each describe a set of concepts, terms and activities that contribute to the definition of the discipline of project management.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3691", "words": "5098", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Warsame, Abukar; Song, Han-Suck; Lind, Hans", "title": "Quality of road construction projects in Sweden between 1990 and 2010", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; changes; construction; cost; economics; journal; productivity; projects; quality; road", "summary": "A combination of comparative studies and interviews with practitioners from public and private sectors that are involved in road construction projects were conducted. \u2018Quality of road construction projects in Sweden between 1990 and 2010\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 14 (1) 78-87 79 analysed more in detail: road construction and residential housing construction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3712", "words": "9215", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Ghoddousi, Parviz; Bahrami, Nima; Chileshe, Nicholas; Hosseini, M.Reza", "title": "Mapping site-based construction workers\u2019 motivation: Expectancy theory approach", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; construction workers; expectancy; expectancy theory; journal; management; motivation; productivity; site; theory; valence", "summary": "In this spirit, the effects of the level of motivation of construction workers on their productivity have been widely acknowledged (Olomolaiye 1990; Smithers & Walker 2000; Ng et al. 2004; Doloi 2007). As a result, studies aimed at mapping the behavioural nature, interrelationships and contours of the motivators of construction workers are rare (Rose & Manley 2011).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3740", "words": "6307", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Aulich, Terry", "title": "The role of effective communication in the construction Industry: a guide for education and health clients", "date": "2013", "keywords": "building; client; communication; construction; construction economics; construction industry; education; group; health; industry; project; school; working", "summary": "This paper seeks to provide that high level management guidance for school based clients as well as their managers in the more traditional centralized systems. Some are immediate and relate principally to the key stakeholders at local level such as the constructor, architect and school based client such as a principal.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3741", "words": "624", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Runeson, G\u00f6ran", "title": "Urban and environmental economics: an introduction", "date": "2013", "keywords": "book; economics", "summary": "On the other hand, providing this broad background serves to demonstrate the interconnection between subjects and the applicability of economic theory, and analytical techniques over a wide range of topics of real importance to current political choices and future living conditions. Economic concepts like opportunity costs and supply and demand are discussed, but more for general knowledge than at a level where they may be used for analysis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3745", "words": "9805", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "McLain, Kevin; Gransberg, Douglas D.; Loulakis, Micheal C.", "title": "Managing geotechnical risk on US design-build transport projects", "date": "2014", "keywords": "agency; analysis; award; build; building; conditions; construction; construction economics; design; economics; engineer; journal; project; risk; transport", "summary": "This document moved geotechnical design on federally-funded highway projects away from a set of \u201cconservative factors of safety\u201d and toward modelling uncertainty on a project-specific basis via a statistically determined reliability index. \u2018Managing geotechnical risk on US design-build transport\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 14 (1) 1-19 14 Research Instrument DOT Survey Design-builder Interviews Factor Very/High Impact Some/ Slight Impact No Impact Very/High Impact Some/ Slight Impact No Impact Qualifications of the Design- Builder\u2019s geotechnical staff 89% 11% 0% 91% 9% 0% Design-Builder\u2019s past geotechnical project experience 85% 15% 0% 82% 18% 0% Agency interactivity with geotechnical design team during proposal phase 26% 48% 26% 73% 27% 0% Early contractor involvement in geotechnical design 63% 37% 0% 73% 27% 0% Use of geotechnical performance criteria/specifications 67% 19% 15% 64% 36% 0% Level of agency involvement in the geotechnical QA process 37% 56% 7% 55% 45% 0% Use of agency specifications and/or design details 67% 33% 0% 45% 45% 10% Level of detail expressed in the procurement documents 63% 33% 4% 45% 45% 10% Quality management plans 41% 56% 4% 82% 18% 0% Warranty provisions 22% 48% 30% 18% 55% 27% Table 5 Impact on final project quality Comments and Conclusions The study sought to answer research questions on managing pre-award geotechnical risk and mitigating/retiring that risk expeditiously after award.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3753", "words": "4942", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Sandbhor, Sayali Shrikrishna; Botre, Rohan P.", "title": "Applying total interpretive structural modeling to study factors affecting construction labour productivity", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; construction; economics; factors; journal; labour; management; modeling; productivity; tism; variables", "summary": "10 most significant factors negatively affecting construction labour productivity are considered for developing model that establishes interpretive relationship among these factors. Zhigang, et al, (2011) define construction labour productivity as the ratio between production output and labour hours consumed to deliver the corresponding output.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3759", "words": "6658", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Jiang, Heng; Liu, Chunlu", "title": "Spatial linkages among Australian construction markets", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; construction; construction economics; construction markets; construction prices; economics; integration; journal; markets; prices; trend", "summary": "In this study, the interrelationship of regional construction markets will be investigated by utilising spatial autocorrelation tests among regional construction prices in Australia. The interactions among regional construction markets have been discussed in a few studies, most of which have been carried out by using input-output methods, and none of them investigated spatial effects on the regional construction markets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3760", "words": "8004", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Bin Bandi, Shamsulhadi; Abdullah, Fadhlin; Amiruddin, Roslan", "title": "Review on the fundamental usage of Bills of Quantities (BQ) by contracting organisations", "date": "2014", "keywords": "bills; building; construction; contracting; contracting organisations; et al; organisations; project; quantities; review; study; use", "summary": "This review is conducted with the aim to identify the fundamental usage of BQ to contracting organisations; especially within the parameter of a project period and management functions. The main three objectives are: (1) to comprehensively identify relevant literature concerning the usage of BQ to contracting organisations, (2) to review the literature in order to identify the usage of BQ to contracting organisations, and (3) to systematically synthesize the outcome of the review in order to identify the fundamental usage of BQ to contracting organisations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3766", "words": "7996", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Chaphalkar, Nitin Balkrishna; Iyer, K. C.", "title": "Factors influencing decisions on delay claims in construction contracts for Indian scenario", "date": "2014", "keywords": "case; construction; contractor; delay; delay claims; factors; owner; site; work", "summary": "The present study reveals from the study of arbitration awards that the causes for delay claims can be grouped in domains and the probable decisions to the disputes can be traced through the probing questions considered by decision makers. Though claims are raised in numerous areas, delay claims are found to be most common.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3778", "words": "4767", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Rameezdeen, Raufdeen; Rodrigo, Anushi", "title": "Modifications to standard forms of contract: the impact on readability", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; clauses; construction; contract; form; journal; modifications; project; readability; standard", "summary": "Standard form contracts have evolved due to construction business becoming increasingly complex and the difficulty in drafting bespoke conditions of contract for each project. Non-legal practitioners criticize standard form contracts for being difficult to read and understand.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3786", "words": "7481", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "30", "author": "Stanley, Ryan; Thurnell, Derek Pierre", "title": "The benefits of, and barriers to, implementation of 5D BIM for quantity surveying in New Zealand", "date": "2014", "keywords": "barriers; benefits; bim; building; construction; cost; implementation; information; new; quantity; software; zealand", "summary": "\u2018The benefits of, and barriers to, implementation of 5D BIM for quantity surveying in New Zealand\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 14 (1) 105-117 109 Q#6.3: Project Quality and BIM Data Quality The quality level of the finished projects is perceived to be improved, as the quality of data in BIM models is maintained by its users. One participant (with extensive experience on projects with BIM, and also some use of 5D BIM) strongly disagreed that BIM improves data quality: \u2018Sometimes the quality of the data in BIM models is much reduced.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3789", "words": "9019", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Jaafar, Mastura; Nuruddin, Azlan Raofuddin; Syed Abu Bakar, Syed Putra", "title": "Business success and psychological traits of housing developers", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; business; business success; construction; developers; development; economics; entrepreneurs; et al; housing; housing developers; industry; integrity; journal; success; traits", "summary": "Keywords: Business success, Psychological traits, Housing developers Introduction From the global perspective, Gibb and Hoesli (2003) opined that housing development activities are an important part of property industry and form the largest segment in the real estate market. Thus, Jaafar et al. Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Jaafar, M et al (2014) \u2018Business success and psychological traits of housing developers\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 14 (2) 57-72 58 (2009) postulated that the speculative nature of housing development is unsuitable for apprehensive individuals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3839", "words": "7604", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "25", "author": "Bazen, Elizabeth", "title": "Effect of the Building Act 2011 on compliance costs in Western Australia", "date": "2014", "keywords": "approvals; australia; building; building act; construction; cost; government; permit; projects; provisions; western", "summary": "(Building Act 2011 s.41) http://www.propertyoz.com.au/wa/Article/NewsDetail.as px?p=16 &id=5979> Iacomella, L (2012b) Changes to Building Act in parliament Property Council of Australia viewed 31 December 2012 <", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3840", "words": "8941", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Rusch, Rosemarie; Best, Rick", "title": "Sustainability: Its adaptation and relevance in remote area housing", "date": "2014", "keywords": "area; australia; building; community; construction; construction economics; economics; housing; island; journal; land; moa; pauls; remote; self; strait; sustainability; torres", "summary": "This report examines remote area housing at the grass roots level and uses the village of St Pauls on Moa Island in the Torres Strait as a focus for discussion of the link between housing and social well-being, economic certainty and, ultimately, sustainability. Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Rusch, R and Best, R (2014) \u2018Sustainability: Its adaptation and relevance in remote area housing\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 14 (1) 88-104 89 Figure 1 Foundations of stable, sustainable human settlement and development in Australian remote areas Sustainability requires reconciliation of environmental, social and economic demands to harness the potential for long-term maintenance of human well-being.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3841", "words": "657", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Thomas, PC", "title": "Whole life sustainability", "date": "2014", "keywords": "book; decision", "summary": "It then examines the basis of decision making, discusses the different levels of decision making expertise, and biases in decision making. The premise of the book, therefore, is to provide the reader with insights into a series of decision making tools, because, according to them, implementing sustainability depends on good decision making skills.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3842", "words": "1378", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Langston, Craig", "title": "Whole life costing: a new approach", "date": "2014", "keywords": "book; building; design; life", "summary": "Whole life cost is defined as a true assessment of the worth of a building (within limits), but not a sensible way to approach future-proofing. It is noted in the book that the greatest disincentive to the progress of whole life cost and value is the link to monetary units of analysis (p.106).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3864", "words": "8610", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Amuda Yusuf, Ganiyu; Mohamed, Sarajul Fikri", "title": "Perceived benefits of adopting Standard \u2013 Based pricing mechanism for mechanical and electrical services installations", "date": "2014", "keywords": "benefits; building; cent; construction; cost; economics; factor; journal; m&e; m&e services; management; price; sbpm; services; standard", "summary": "They suggested that if the method is adopted it would bridge the gap between quantity surveyors\u2019 knowledge and M&E services technology, enable more detailed analysis of M&E service costs, facilitate the collection of more appropriate historic cost information and enable quantity surveyors to make better use of M&E services information. In a seminal work by Nanayakkahara & Fitzsimmons (1999), they developed cost benchmark for buildings services in United Kingdom and examined some of the methods used in forecasting contract price of M&E services and stated that the historical and statistical cost information generally used for M&E services cost estimate lacks quality and consistency as costs are normally averages for similar installations but derived from projects with different attributes; the cost information available from tenders is generally related to the type of product rather than its quality and effectiveness of the management process responsible for developing it; published cost information does not normally identify the costs of project organization and administration, the design process and project management and their impact on construction cost and therefore not suitable for predicting cost of M&E services.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3869", "words": "7688", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Ling, Florence Yean Yng; Hien, Mai Bich Tram", "title": "Boosting project outcomes through goal alignment: a case study of Vietnam", "date": "2014", "keywords": "alignment; building; buyers; construction; goal; goal alignment; journal; ling; management; outcomes; project; sellers; study; vietnam", "summary": "This study aims to identify effective goal alignment practices to improve construction project outcomes in Vietnam. Ling, F.Y.Y. and Bui, T. (2010) \u2018Factors affecting construction project outcomes: case study of VietGra\u2019, Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 136 (3), 148-155.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3912", "words": "5412", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Stringfellow, Peter", "title": "Construction contractors involvement in disaster management planning", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; construction; contractors; disaster; economics; industry; involvement; journal; management; planning", "summary": "In Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Stringfellow, P (2014) \u2018Construction contractors involvement in disaster management planning\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 14 (2) 120-132 121 general \u2018the construction industry has not been sufficiently involved with emergency management to date\u2019 (Bosher, et al., 2007, p. 243). \u2018Construction contractors involvement in disaster management planning\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 14 (2) 120-132 122 Within each of these stages a construction contractor can have varying roles and a number of critical activities (Siriwardena, et al., 2013), these have been identified and are listed below.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3925", "words": "9093", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Sunding, Lars; Ekholm, Anders", "title": "Problems and problem attention in the construction sector \u2013 understanding the influence of human factors", "date": "2014", "keywords": "attention; building; case; construction; construction economics; construction sector; individual; information; journal; management; phenomena; problem; sector; table", "summary": "Keywords: Construction sector, Survey, Problem formulation, Problem attention, Human psychology. When construction management research has applied ideas Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building Sunding, L and Ekholm A (2014) \u2018Problems and problem attention in the construction sector \u2013 understanding the influence of human factors\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 14 (2) 1-17 2 from social science, Bresnen et al. (2005) have noted that it has not always been firmly based on its theoretical and methodological foundations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3938", "words": "9300", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Olanipekun, Ayokunle Olubunmi; Abiola-Falemu, Joseph Ojo; Aje, Isaac Olaniyi", "title": "Dimensions of Organisational Culture in Quantity Surveying Firms in Nigeria", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; business; challenges; construction; culture; dimensions; doi; economics; firms; journal; management; nigeria; organisation; performance; qsfs; quantity; research; surveying", "summary": "Abstract The functionalist paradigm of organisational culture (OC) views culture as a variable subject to conscious manipulation and control in order to solve organisational challenges. Keywords: Dimensions of Organisational culture, Quantity Surveying firms, functionalist paradigm, identity, management INTRODUCTION Quantity Surveying Firms (QSFs) are service based that manage finance related issues for clients in the construction industry (Abidin et al. 2011), using infrastructure cost and value management expertise (Olanipekun, Aje & Abiola-Falemu 2013).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3957", "words": "6160", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Siew, Renard Yung Jhien", "title": "Human resource management in the construction industry \u2013 Sustainability competencies", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; competencies; construction; economics; industry; journal; management; ohs; performance; safety; sustainability", "summary": "Linking Competencies with the Recruitment and Performance Management Processes There is no doubt that competencies are very closely linked to both the recruitment and performance management processes. What exactly constitutes performance management?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-3965", "words": "1261", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Vines, Prue", "title": "Construction Claims", "date": "2014", "keywords": "claims; construction; contract", "summary": "It is clear and easy to read and extremely well-informed not only about the framework of law which covers the issues raised by construction claims, but also about the issues which are most likely to be difficult. These chapters cover the limits on defective work claims, licensing, a large number of defences, claims after termination and the penalty doctrine.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4102", "words": "10677", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Olatunji, Oluwole Alfred; Sher, Willy", "title": "Perspectives on Modelling BIM-enabled Estimating Practices", "date": "2014", "keywords": "applications; bim; bim data; building; clients; construction; contractors; cost; data; design; economics; estimating; estimators; journal; management; models; participants; processes; project", "summary": "Based on construction cost data, estimators still need to make decisions on taxation, depreciation of construction (and constructed) facilities, monitoring the cost implications of project performance and updating model data (as lifecycle phenomena) for maintenance works. (b) Using applications such as Navisworks and VICO to remodel project model data, work items can be exported or interrogated in a variety of ways (based on location, time-lining, trades, sections or elements of buildings).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4146", "words": "9104", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Johnston, Michael; Guaralda, Mirko; Sawang, Sukanlaya", "title": "Sustainable Innovation for Queensland's Housing Design: a Case Study", "date": "2014", "keywords": "architect; architect house; building; construction; design; developer; developer house; economics; energy; house; housing; journal; materials; research; site; software; study", "summary": "This will consist of the major components of house construction. Rethinking the types of materials houses are constructed with, and the ways in which they are constructed will ensure the future development and improvement of sustainable design, with technological advances becoming accessible for the average Australian.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4151", "words": "6127", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Lind, Hans; Brunes, Fredrik", "title": "Policies to Avoid Cost Overruns in Infrastructure Projects: Critical Evaluation and Recommendations", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; construction; cost; cost overruns; economics; flyvbjerg; infrastructure; journal; overruns; projects", "summary": "Most other studies however point out other factors as more important, and that most cost overruns occur in the design and planning stage (see Brunes and Lind (2013) for an overview of causes of cost overruns). Abstract Many infrastructure projects have cost overruns and there has been a lot of research both on why these cost overruns occur and what can be done to reduce hem.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4152", "words": "6631", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Kamardeen, Imriyas", "title": "Stimulating Learning with Integrated Assessments in Construction Education", "date": "2014", "keywords": "assessment; building; case; construction; course; economics; education; journal; learning; scheme; students", "summary": "Keppell and Carless (2006) conceptualised three components for a learning-oriented assessment design: \uf0b7 Constructive alignment \u2013 learning outcomes, objectives, contents, assessment items and instructional design should be aligned; assessment tasks should be designed such that time and efforts of students are spread evenly across the module study period rather than concentrating all at the end; establish connections between assessment tasks and real-life scenarios; and allow some degree of student choice to stimulate their motivation and engagement; \uf0b7 Student involvement \u2013 tasks should encourage reflection, cooperation rather than competition, peer feedback, and self-evaluation. Considerations should also be given to aspects such as: resources - staff, budget and space requirements; ethics in circumstances where research dominates assessment tasks; and other logistical limitations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4154", "words": "9202", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Hosseini, M. Reza; Chileshe, Nicholas; Zillante, George", "title": "Investigating the Factors Associated with Job Satisfaction of Construction Workers in South Australia", "date": "2014", "keywords": "age; australia; building; chileshe; construction; construction economics; construction workers; effects; factors; job satisfaction; journal; south; study; table; workers", "summary": "Secondly, it investigates the influence of key age- related factors i.e. chronological age, organisational age and length of service on major aspects of job satisfaction. In addition, indifference and the perception of dejection in the workplace are the main consequences of low levels of job satisfaction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4155", "words": "8476", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Fageha, Mohammed K; Aibinu, Ajibade A", "title": "Prioritising Project Scope Definition Elements in Public Building Projects", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; construction; definition; definition elements; design; economics; elements; journal; planning; project; project scope; saudi; scope; scope definition; stage", "summary": "The outcome from this research is the prioritisation of project scope definition elements for public building projects in Saudi Arabia. The prioritised list developed indicates the importance of project scope definition elements.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4156", "words": "13018", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Mat Isa, Che Maznah; Mohd Saman, Hamidah; Preece, Christopher Nigel", "title": "Entry Location and Entry Timing (ELET) Decision Model for International Construction Firms", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; construction; construction economics; construction firms; country; decision; decision model; elet; entry; et decision; factors; firms; international; journal; management; market; model; project; timing", "summary": "Results for ET decision in Table 5 show that the components extracted from factor analysis indicate high reliability of internal consistency where the value for each component exceeds 0.70; Firm factors (\u03b1= 0.873); Project factors (\u03b1= 0.823); Performance (\u03b1= 0.905); Management factors (\u03b1= 0.890) and Market factors (\u03b1= 0.862). Hence, the logistic regression model fitted well with the predictor variables (ET decision) under components namely; firm, project, performance, management and market factors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4157", "words": "8715", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Ibiyemi, Abayomi; Mohd Adnan, Yasmin; Daud, Md Nasir; Adenipekun, Martins", "title": "An Examination of the Structure of Sustainable Facilities Planning Scale for User Satisfaction in Nigerian Universities", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; component; construction; economics; facilities; facilities management; facilities planning; factor; journal; management; planning; satisfaction; scale; staff; structure; universities; university; user", "summary": "Abstract Universities are under increasing pressure to demonstrate that continuous performance improvement is being delivered for user satisfaction, but the importance of facilities planning as a student-staff focused tool needs to be emphasised. Keywords: Facilities planning, universities, data structure, factors, Nigeria.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4158", "words": "1549", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Chan, Philip", "title": "A book review of \u201cBest Practice in Construction Disputes \u2013 Avoidance, Management and Resolution\u201d", "date": "2014", "keywords": "book; construction; disputes; resolution", "summary": "101 resolution of construction disputes within both the construction industry and legal profession (page 471, 19.24). In conclusion and in summary, the authors have sought to ensure that readers fully appreciate the differences between the words, \u2018conflict\u2019, \u2018dispute\u2019 and \u2018claim\u2019 as well as the causes of the first two, as the basis to launch their agenda of bringing about reform through their supply of plentiful data in support of what they sincerely believed is the best practice in construction industries globally, in regard to avoidance, management and resolution of construction disputes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4168", "words": "7190", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez, Xos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds; Coto-Mill\u00e1n, Pablo", "title": "From the Boom to the Collapse: a Technical Efficiency Analysis of the Spanish Construction Industry during the Financial Crisis", "date": "2015", "keywords": "analysis; building; construction; data; doi; economics; efficiency; firms; frontier; industry; journal; model; period; production; sector", "summary": "A growing number of bankruptcies among Spanish construction firms, including some major construction firms such as Astroc Mediterraneo, Martinsa-Fadesa, Habitat, and most recently Reyal Urbis, hit the sector hard. Using a growth accounting approach with country level data, Abdel-Wahab and Vogl (2011) compared Germany, France, UK, USA and Japan construction sectors over the period 1990- 2005.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4170", "words": "6841", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Owusu-Manu, De-Graft; Badu, Edward; Holt, Gary D.; Edwards, David", "title": "Determinants of Management Innovation in the Ghanaian Construction Consulting Sector", "date": "2015", "keywords": "analysis; badu; building; business; component; construction; consulting; determinants; holt; innovation; management; manu; owusu; research; variables; vol", "summary": "Email - gary--holt@outlook.com Publisher: University of Technology Sydney (UTS) ePress Determinants of Management Innovation in the Ghanaian Construction Consulting Sector De-Graft Owusu-Manu1, Edward Badu1, Gary D. Holt2 and David Edwards3 1Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana 2University of Central Lancashire, UK 3Birmingham City University, UK Abstract Determinants of management innovation (MI) within the Ghanaian construction consulting sector are examined. In contrast, management innovation (MI) relates indirectly to work activities, resulting in change to organizational policies, responsibilities, processes, or routines.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4172", "words": "10225", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Forsythe, Perry", "title": "Monitoring Customer Perceived Service Quality and Satisfaction during the Construction Process", "date": "2015", "keywords": "building; construction; customer; customer satisfaction; dimensions; doi; economics; forsythe; gap; incidents; journal; negative; quality; research; satisfaction; service; service quality", "summary": "An instrument for measuring customer perceived service quality in housing construction. Following this, there is the prospect of adapting the associated concepts and methods of incident analysis to profile other types of construction customers as well.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4186", "words": "8402", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Walker, Derek Henry Thomas; Harley, James; Mills, Anthony", "title": "Performance of Project Alliancing in Australasia: a Digest of Infrastructure Development from 2008 to 2013", "date": "2015", "keywords": "alliance; alliancing; amt; approach; building; collaboration; construction; cost; delivery; doi; economics; management; mills; performance; project; team; time; toc; value; walker", "summary": "Recent government policy changes in Australia at Federal and State level have led to a decline in the number of project alliances, however, while the volume of alliance activity is declining it still represents billions of dollars of infrastructure construction work being undertaken. According to Wood and Duffield (2009, p.7) \u201cThe total value of alliance projects in the road, rail and water sectors in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia, over the period 2004 to 2009 was $32 billion\u201d.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4195", "words": "5161", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Forsythe, Perry; Ding, Grace", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Excavation on Residential Construction Sites", "date": "2014", "keywords": "building; construction; cut; emissions; excavation; fill; ghg; sites; slope; soil; study", "summary": "However as shown in the table, GHG emissions per square metre of GFA is lower than GHG emission per square metre of BF, in all cases. LCA can yield vital information on a variety of outputs but of particular interest in this study is GHG emissions and how related information can best be used as part of an integrated design process (Kohler & Moffatt 2003).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4196", "words": "7190", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Borg, Lena; Lind, Hans", "title": "Framework for Structuring Procurement Contracts", "date": "2014", "keywords": "client; construction; contract; design; framework; management; payment; price; procurement; project; type", "summary": "We believe that similarities and differences between procurement contract types become clearer if a stepwise procedure is used; that is, a structure in which one dimension is introduced at a time. The aim of this paper is to propose a new framework for structuring contract types and payment methods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4214", "words": "6928", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Ramachandra, Thanuja; Rotimi, James Olabode Bamidele", "title": "Causes of Payment Problems in the New Zealand Construction Industry", "date": "2015", "keywords": "causes; construction; construction industry; consultants; contractors; factor; head; industry; new; payment; payment problems; problems; projects; zealand", "summary": "Chain payment, work first get paid later .73 5 Cash flow difficulties due to delays and non-payments on other projects .54 6 Others (2.67% of variance) Improper supervision and financial control .538 Conclusions Unlike previous studies that focused on the generic factors causing payment delays on construction projects, this study focused on the underlying factors causing payment problems, with the aim of devising ways of mitigating payment problems. Accordingly, the study found that payment problems mainly relate to contractual issues, financial strength of industry players, disputes, short-comings of payment processes and \u2018domino effects\u2019.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4244", "words": "6156", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Gharaie, Ehsan; Lingard, Helen; Cooke, Tracy", "title": "Causes of Fatal Accidents Involving Cranes in the Australian Construction Industry", "date": "2015", "keywords": "accidents; analysis; cases; construction; crane; decedent; factors; industry; load; site; work", "summary": "Literature Review Immediate Causes Previous research on the causation of crane accidents has looked into the immediate causes of the accidents and more specifically on the impact of the areas around the crane, and the type of the crane involved in the accident. These studies confirmed an earlier work by Shepherd, Kahler and Cross (2000) that developed a detailed taxonomy based upon Haddon\u2019s \u201cdamaging energies\u201d theory to analyse the aetiology of crane accidents.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4252", "words": "550", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Runeson, G\u00f6ran", "title": "Doing Events Research: From Theory to Practice", "date": "2014", "keywords": "events; research", "summary": "Citation: Runeson, G. 2014, \u2018Book review \u2013 Doing Events Research: From Theory to Practice\u2019, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 14 (4), 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v14i4.85 85 Book Review Doing Events Research: From Theory to Practice Fox, D., Gouthro, M. B., Morakabati, Y. and Brackstone, J., 2014, Routhledge, pp i-xii, 1-252, Paperback: ISBN 978-0-415-66668-8 USD62.95, GBP29.99, Master eBook ISBN13: 978-1-315-81508-4, GBP29.99.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4275", "words": "2007", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Runeson, G\u00f6ran", "title": "Farewell from the Editor: Some Reflections about the Past, the Present and the Future", "date": "2014", "keywords": "construction; editor; future; journal; research", "summary": "Over the five years of my involvement with the journal, there have been significant changes in the environment of research publications in general and AJCEB has been part of this change. Rather it has been in response to the implications of the push by universities to increase the number of research publications without doing anything to facilitate this obsession with numbers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4281", "words": "7393", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Babaeian Jelodar, Mostafa; Wing Yiu, Tak; Wilkinson, Suzanne", "title": "Systematic Representation of Relationship Quality in Conflict and Dispute: for Construction Projects", "date": "2015", "keywords": "conflict; construction; dispute; doi; events; framework; jelodar; layer; management; project; quality; relationship; relationship quality; system; yiu", "summary": "Relationship quality is defined by Hennig- Thurau and Klee (1997) as the \u201cdegree of appropriateness of a relationship to fulfil the end needs of a customer\u201d, but attributes have also been identified and Crosby, Evans and Cowles (1990) stated there is a consensus that relationship quality is a high-order construct of attributes such as trust, satisfaction and commitment. The failure of relationship quality system is defined as the failure of system components situated in the assigned layers of the system in balancing each other out, in favour of a retained beneficial relationship to all sides.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4282", "words": "10083", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Rotimi, James Olabode Bamidele; Ramanayaka, Chamila", "title": "Analysis of the Influence of a Strategy-led Planning Approach on Successful Construction Project Implementation", "date": "2015", "keywords": "algorithms; analysis; approach; construction; construction project; factors; implementation; influence; management; planning; project; ramanayaka; rotimi; strategies; strategy; study; success; success factors", "summary": "To simulate the impact of construction project strategies on construction project planning and implementation, the authors used the influence of strategies towards the 35 critical success Construction Economics and Building, 15(2), 13-30 Rotimi and Ramanayaka 25 factors, which were summarised in Table 2. Thus a combination of construction project strategies crafted from experiential knowledge (reflective practice methodologies) and traditional planning algorithms are needed for successful construction project planning and implementation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4304", "words": "7672", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Chiu, Wai Yee Betty; Ng, Fung FaI", "title": "The Mediation Influence of Job Satisfaction on Organisational Commitment amongst Quantity Surveyors", "date": "2015", "keywords": "commitment; construction; doi; effect; group; identification; job; job satisfaction; mediation; quantity; relationship; satisfaction; surveyors; work; work group", "summary": "The purpose of this paper is to examine whether job satisfaction has a mediation effect on the relationship between work group identification and the two forms of organisational commitment. Social exchange theory was used to explain the mediating role of job satisfaction on the relationship between work group identification and organisational commitment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4348", "words": "7611", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Sun, Yuting; Goh, Bee Hua", "title": "Contribution Index Based on Green Building Certification Systems", "date": "2015", "keywords": "bca; building; cci; certification; clients; companies; company; construction; contribution; fci; green; ici; index; industry; singapore", "summary": "(1) Where: FCIk - Frequency Contribution Index of company k Wi - weight of green building certification level i Construction Economics and Building, 15(2), 31-48 Yuting Sun and Bee Hua Goh 36 Nik - number of buildings, under company k, with green building certification at level i Ni - number of buildings, under all the companies, with green building certification at level i i - green building certification level n - total number of green building certification levels in a certain GBCS Intensity Contribution Index (ICI) defines how much the participant contributes in this sustainable development effort. Taking a leading role in green building in Asia where urbanization is developing rapidly (Ives, 2013), Singapore is trying to keep a balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability (Chew, 2010).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4355", "words": "1107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Tiwari, Piyush Kumar", "title": "International Approaches to Real Estate Development", "date": "2015", "keywords": "development; estate; markets", "summary": "Following Keogh and D\u2019Arcy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v15i1.4355 mailto:piyush.tiwari@unimelb.edu.au Construction Economics and Building, 15 (1), 118-119 Tiwari 119 (1999)1 and recognizing the limitation of the neo classical approach, real estate researchers have increasingly applied an institutional approach to explain real estate markets. In summary, this book provides a wide spectrum of real estate development approaches in a range of markets, which can be viewed through an institutional lens to understand the linkages in \u201cenvironments, markets, agencies, processes and outcomes\u201d.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4386", "words": "9201", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Chancellor, Will; Abbott, Malcolm; Carson, Chris", "title": "Factors Promoting Innovation and Efficiency in the Construction Industry: A Comparative Study of New Zealand and Australia", "date": "2015", "keywords": "australian; building; construction; construction industry; construction productivity; dea; efficiency; growth; industry; new; new zealand; output; productivity; productivity growth; statistics; statistics new; zealand construction", "summary": "It was expected that the decline in New Zealand construction productivity from 2004 to 2010 had distorted regression analysis results. New Zealand 1991 - 2010 Regression results using New Zealand construction productivity from 1991 to 2010 revealed a number of significant and negative independent variables for New Zealand construction (Table 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4398", "words": "7772", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Sher, Willy; Williams, Anthony; Northcote, Maria", "title": "The Lived Experience of Online Educators: Insights from Construction Management", "date": "2015", "keywords": "academics; building; construction; courses; delivery; development; education; learning; management; online; research; sher; students; study; teaching; university", "summary": "With the growth of online education these staff are frequently required to design, develop, teach, facilitate and, in some cases, administer online courses. The study provides empirical evidence of a range of challenges facing those delivering online courses.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4408", "words": "12074", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Strahorn, Scott; Gajendran, Thayaparan; Brewer, Graham", "title": "The Influence of Trust in Traditional Contracting: Investigating the \"Lived Experience\" of Stakeholders", "date": "2015", "keywords": "brewer; building; client; construction; consultant; contractor; doi; management; mechanisms; outcomes; procurement; project; project management; project manager; relationships; risk; strahorn; team; terms; trust", "summary": "This indicated the importance of a) initiating actions to develop stakeholder trust during project initiation, and b) adopting a focused approach to trading partner selection on the basis of trust compatibility and consequent value delivery, rather than cost alone. The initial intent and expectations of project stakeholders are significant in terms of ultimate project success (Munns, 1995).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4466", "words": "714", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Elmualim, Abbas", "title": "Book Review: Leadership and Sustainability in the Built Environment", "date": "2015", "keywords": "environment; leadership", "summary": "The book provides an interesting discussion around leadership theory and proposes 26 characteristics of sustainability leadership in the built environment. Part 1 deals with organisational leadership.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4514", "words": "7681", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Musa, Mohammed Mukhtar; Bin Amirudin, Roslan; Sofield, Trevor; Musa, Mohammed Aminu", "title": "Influence of External Environmental Factors on the Success of Public Housing Projects in Developing Countries", "date": "2015", "keywords": "construction; countries; doi; environment; factors; government; housing; housing project; management; musa; project; project management; project success; success; success factors", "summary": "The purpose of this paper is to establish the effect of these factors on public housing project success using structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques. The results reveal that (i) the economics factor significantly affects public housing project success, (ii) the social factor significantly affects public housing project success, and (iii) the political factor significantly affects public housing project success.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4544", "words": "6471", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "33", "author": "Finnie, David; Ameer Ali, Naseem", "title": "The New Zealand Construction Contracts Amendment Act 2015 - For Better or Worse?", "date": "2015", "keywords": "adjudication; amendment; bill; construction; construction contracts; contracts; contracts amendment; new; payment; zealand", "summary": "Section 31, which prohibits charging orders over residential construction contracts, was however, retained. Keywords: Adjudication, Construction Contracts Act 2002, Construction Contracts Amendment Act 2015, Construction Contracts Amendment Bill, New Zealand.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4551", "words": "6385", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Chancellor, Will", "title": "Drivers of Productivity: a Case Study of the Australian Construction Industry", "date": "2015", "keywords": "analysis; construction; drivers; growth; industry; level; national; productivity; productivity growth; research; state", "summary": "The factors selected for analysis were chosen as the best available representation of construction productivity drivers based on previous research and data Construction Economics and Building, 15(3), 85-97 Chancellor 96 availability. This link was reinforced by the results in Table 2, which identify a significant correlation between wages and construction productivity growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4572", "words": "7414", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Daniel, Luke", "title": "Safety Leadership Defined within the Australian Construction Industry", "date": "2015", "keywords": "building; construction; data; definition; doi; environment; findings; importance; leadership; managers; participants; research; safety; safety leadership; study", "summary": "Other comments that further support this view point include: \u201cSafety leadership is leadership in general, leading by example\u201d and \u201cthat the problem with safety leadership is that we\u2019ve divorced it from all types of leadership\u201d and \u201cregardless of the subject, the style of leadership should be the same\u201d. Safety leadership defined within the Australian construction industry, Construction Economics and Building, 15(4), 1-15.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4600", "words": "6852", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Livesey, Peter Vincent", "title": "Insights of project managers into the problems in project management", "date": "2016", "keywords": "building; construction; importance; index; management; members; occurrence; panel; problems; project; skills; stakeholders; team", "summary": "Related to the number of project teams and stakeholders involved in the project. Changes in project team and stakeholder personnel resulting in: a. Loss of a cohesive team b. Loss of trust between team members.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4601", "words": "8265", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Eriksson, Therese", "title": "Developing Routines in Large Inter-organisational Projects: A Case Study of an Infrastructure Megaproject", "date": "2015", "keywords": "assignments; changes; client; consultant; coordination; design; feldman; group; management; meetings; megaprojects; members; project; routines", "summary": "For these reasons, project routines are imperative to understand in order to improve megaproject performance (Davies and Brady, 2015). Though project routines can derive from parent organisations, project-specific routines can also be developed and implemented to a greater extent in megaprojects, given their size and extended timeframes, than in more routine, small-scale projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4602", "words": "1662", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Tan, Willie", "title": "Guest Editorial: Perspectives on Megaprojects", "date": "2015", "keywords": "development; megaprojects; press; studies; tan; university", "summary": "This question is not trivial; unless one is able to identify the properties of a megaproject as an object of study, it is hard to know where to start thinking about such projects. Similarly, Flyvbjerg, Bruzelius and Rothengatter (2003) raised the old issue of why project costs tend to be underestimated (see Waterston (1965) for an early account of this) and, more generally, the lack of accountability in public projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4607", "words": "6661", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Kamardeen, Imriyas", "title": "Critically Reflective Pedagogical Model: a Pragmatic Blueprint for Enhancing Learning and Teaching in Construction Disciplines", "date": "2015", "keywords": "assessment; building; construction; economics; feedback; kamardeen; learning; lecturer; model; module; practice; students; tasks; teaching", "summary": "(2) Making available a range of materials to support student learning in both digital and hardcopy formats \u2013 background/additional readings for particular topics; inspirational examples/cases; past examples of assignments; and a list of references (web links and references) to relevant materials; and (3) In the preparation of learning resources for students: structuring the coverage logically, enabling self-study by students; link the materials with class tasks and assignments; and optimise the content \u2013 not too much or too little. Examining with lens 2: students\u2019 views on the effectiveness of learning and teaching Students are the direct consumers of teaching as they experience its effects on their learning firsthand.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4608", "words": "8005", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Manderson, Aaron; Jefferies, Marcus; Brewer, Graham", "title": "Building Information Modelling and Standardised Construction Contracts: a Content Analysis of the GC21 Contract", "date": "2015", "keywords": "analysis; bim; building; construction; contract; design; information; n ot; project; sector; su e; t n", "summary": "Standardised construction contracts A construction contract can be defined as \u201cany contract where one person [or corporation] agrees for a value consideration to carry out construction works which may include building or engineering works for another\u201d (Loots and Charrett, 2009 p.23). The results of the analysis identified a number of contract changes including: \u2022", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4609", "words": "6580", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Lu, Yujie; Li, Yongkui; Pang, Da; Zhang, Yunxia", "title": "Organizational Network Evolution and Governance Strategies in Megaprojects", "date": "2015", "keywords": "analysis; construction; doi; evolution; gips; governance; management; megaproject; network; nodes; organization; pips; project; sna; study", "summary": "The purpose of project network governance is to help improve the project performance and stabilize the whole network. For instance, Provan, Milward and Isett (2002)_ENREF_31 explained the core problem of organization network governance is governance mechanism \uf8e7 including commitment, contract and contract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4610", "words": "6930", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Ko, Joong-Hoon; Park, Sung-Hun; Kim, Dae-Cheol", "title": "Efficiency Analysis of Project Management Offices for Large-scale Information System Projects: Insights for Construction Megaprojects", "date": "2015", "keywords": "dmus; drs; efficiency; input; management; model; output; pmo; pmos; project; scale; study", "summary": "Improving project management. The knowledge domain includes development of project management methodology, standard template, and checklist.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4611", "words": "6248", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Fahri, Johan; Biesenthal, Christopher; Pollack, Julien; Sankaran, Shankar", "title": "Understanding Megaproject Success beyond the Project Close-Out Stage", "date": "2015", "keywords": "construction; csfs; doi; evaluation; factors; journal; level; management; megaprojects; outcomes; performance; post; project; project management; success", "summary": "Traditionally project success has been measured at the point where the project outputs are handed over, after the close out phase. Recently, questions have been raised in the literature as to whether we should be evaluating project success beyond the close out phase, to better account for organizational and societal outcomes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4613", "words": "1078", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Br\u00f6chner, Jan", "title": "Measuring Construction: Prices, Output and Productivity", "date": "2015", "keywords": "building; construction; prices; productivity", "summary": "How PPPs can be used for comparing construction prices is a recurrent theme in this anthology, but not the only one. After a lucid, not-too-complicated introduction to the theory of PPPs by G. Runeson, the two editors, R. Best and J. Meikle, are responsible for two chapters on international comparisons of construction prices.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4617", "words": "7133", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Langston, Craig", "title": "Green Roof Evaluation: A Holistic \u2018Long Life, Loose Fit, Low Energy\u2019 Approach", "date": "2015", "keywords": "benefits; building; case; construction; cost; design; economics; energy; green; langston; life; performance; project; roof; study; years", "summary": "It is discovered that green roofs are unlikely to be viable in their own right, but when coupled with an overall design strategy of long life (durability), loose fit (adaptability) and low energy (sustainability) they can deliver least cost (affordability) over time as well as unlock valuable social and environmental rewards. Green roofs comprise vegetation added to the roof element of buildings, and are classified as either extensive or intensive systems (Snodgrass, 2010).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4619", "words": "8156", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Arewa, Andrew Oyen; Farrell, Peter", "title": "The Culture of Construction Organisations: the Epitome of Institutionalised Corruption", "date": "2015", "keywords": "building; companies; construction; construction industry; construction organisations; corruption; culture; economics; fraud; industry; international; organisations; practices; project; rent; study", "summary": "The culture of construction organisations: the epitome of institutionalised corruption, Construction Economics and Building, 15(3), 59-71. Hitherto the role of the culture of construction organisations in fraud and corruption activities has been largely hidden.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4634", "words": "7712", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Rahmani, Farshid; Khalfan, Malik M A; Maqsood, Tayyab", "title": "Lessons learnt from the use of relationship-based procurement methods in Australia: clients\u2019 perspectives", "date": "2016", "keywords": "australia; building; clients; construction; contract; delivery; economics; industry; management; partnering; process; procurement; project; rbp; relationship; research; study; working", "summary": "This proposes that despite the possibility of a decline in the rate of using RBP for public projects, the number of RBP projects with higher success is more likely to increase. Subsequently, the construction industry has embarked on a sustained campaign to overcome its perceived performance problems through a number of initiatives and radically different approaches to the procurement and management of construction projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4651", "words": "7837", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Hosseini, M.Reza; Chileshe, Nicholas; Jepson, Jacqueline; Arashpour, Mehrdad", "title": "Critical success factors for implementing risk management systems in developing countries", "date": "2016", "keywords": "chileshe; construction; countries; csfs; doi; factors; implementation; irms; knowledge; management; projects; risk; risk management; study; systems", "summary": "Project risk management in the Queensland engineering construction industry: a survey. Choosing project risk management techniques.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4653", "words": "7862", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Oo, Bee Lan; Ling, Florence Yean Yng; Soo, Alexander", "title": "Construction Procurement: Modelling Bidders\u2019 Learning in Recurrent Bidding", "date": "2015", "keywords": "bidders; bidding; bids; conditions; construction; economics; feedback; information; information feedback; learning; mup; subjects; time", "summary": "The purpose of undertaking this study is to advance our understanding of the process of changes in the construction pricing, and how the process can be manipulated through the release of bidding feedback information. The findings advocate for adequate bidding feedback information in clients\u2019 procurement design to facilitate learning among contractors, which may in turn lead to increased competitiveness in their bids.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4662", "words": "7890", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Oluwatayo, Adedapo Adewunmi; Amole, Dolapo; Uwakonye, Obioha", "title": "Organisational life cycle, business orientation and performances of architectural firms in Nigeria", "date": "2016", "keywords": "building; business; business orientation; cycle; firms; life; life cycle; orientation; performance; resources; stage; study; years", "summary": "Organisational life cycle, business orientation and performances of architectural firms in Nigeria, Construction Economics and Building, 16(1), 50-63. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v16i1.4662 Corresponding author: Adedapo Adewunmi Oluwatayo; Email - dapo.oluwatayo@covenantuniversity.edu.ng Publisher: University of Technology Sydney (UTS) ePress Organisational life cycle, business orientation and performances of architectural firms in Nigeria Adedapo Adewunmi Oluwatayo1, Dolapo Amole2 and Obioha Uwakonye1 1Covenant University, Nigeria 2Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4668", "words": "8153", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Br\u00f6chner, Jan; Lagerqvist, Ove", "title": "From ideas to construction innovations: firms and universities collaborating", "date": "2016", "keywords": "br\u00f6chner; collaboration; construction; development; doi; field; firms; industry; innovation; interaction; msc; programme; projects; research; researchers; universities; university", "summary": "It is thus necessary to recognize that productivity effects may arise in a number of industries other than construction as a consequence of construction innovation projects, just as the project initiatives may come from other industries. Although this may have contributed to a higher degree of construction sector relevance of university research, the sweeping change in government research policies in 2000 led to the inclusion of built environment research funding in a new research council, Formas, with a clearer scientific profile (Br\u00f6chner and Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m, 2003).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4681", "words": "7938", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Panahi, Babak; Moezzi, Elena; Preece, Christopher; Zakaria, Wan; Rogers, John", "title": "Predictor Role of Profession in Explaining Personal Value Priorities and Conflicts between Construction Stakeholders", "date": "2015", "keywords": "architect; conflicts; construction; engineer; order; p<0.01; quantity; quantity surveyor; research; self; stakeholders; surveyor; types; value types; values", "summary": "Personal value conflicts is the agenda of this paper. This confirms the necessity for further investigation into personal value conflicts between the professional construction stakeholders.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4721", "words": "823", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Elmualim, Abbas", "title": "What is to be Done? : Climate Change for Beginners", "date": "2015", "keywords": "bon; change; environment", "summary": "The debate around the definition was already taking place during his early work (Bon 2001) and it is surprising to see it continue within the construction and built environment community today. Challenging for some in many parts, Bon presents the case for the futility of all the answers put forward to address climate change to date.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4741", "words": "7775", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Steinhardt, Dale A; Manley, Karen", "title": "Exploring the beliefs of Australian prefabricated house builders", "date": "2016", "keywords": "adoption; australia; builders; building; construction; doi; economics; factors; firms; housing; industry; prefabrication; research; stakeholders; studies; study; support; use", "summary": "This is not surprising given the well-established inertia of construction industry practice. Government housing tenders were criticised by interviewees for their short-sighted criteria that limited opportunities for prefabrication firms.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4811", "words": "7923", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Panahi, Babak; Preece, Christopher Nigel; Wan Zakaria, Wan Normeza", "title": "Personal-organisational value conflicts and job satisfaction of internal construction stakeholders", "date": "2016", "keywords": "conflict; construction; construction stakeholders; doi; economics; fit; job; job satisfaction; management; personal; research; satisfaction; stakeholders; values; work", "summary": "Abstract This paper concerns the issue of value conflicts in construction organizations. The results generated by the analyses indicated a high level of value conflicts in the construction organizations which significantly and negatively affected job satisfaction of the internal stakeholders.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4813", "words": "8856", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Ding, Grace; Forsythe, Perry", "title": "A comparative study of floor construction on sloping sites: an analysis of cumulative energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions", "date": "2016", "keywords": "building; concrete; construction; demand; emissions; energy; floor; gfa; ghg; group; life; projects; timber; wood", "summary": "The two main options in the Australian context include reinforced concrete raft slab construction and suspended timber floor construction. Figure 3: Cumulative energy demand by major components for both groups This means that, if only comparing the main floor structures and excluding both ancillary works and end of life energy, it can be said that for GFA and BF, concrete raft slab construction has consumed 1.8 and 2.3 times more energy than suspended timber floor construction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4818", "words": "6864", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Oo, Bee Lan", "title": "On the external validity of construction bidding experiment", "date": "2016", "keywords": "bid; bidding; building; construction; decision; economics; experiments; nonstudent; student; subjects", "summary": "On the external validity of construction bidding experiment, Construction Economics and Building, 16(1), 64-75. It compares the bidding behavioural patterns of experienced construction executives (professionals) and student subjects through replication of a bidding experiment that aimed at testing theories.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4819", "words": "7149", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Liu, Chunlu; He, Shimeng", "title": "Input\u2013output structures of the Australian construction industry", "date": "2016", "keywords": "construction; construction industry; construction sector; economy; indicators; input; linkage; output; period; sector", "summary": "The literature has disclosed two main trends for construction industries in developed economies. Hu and McAleer (2004) applied input\u2013output tables to the analysis of construction industry structure and inter-industry relationships, and the relationship of construction to national economic growth in China.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4828", "words": "7337", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Sanni, Afeez Olalekan", "title": "Factors determining the success of public private partnership projects in Nigeria", "date": "2016", "keywords": "construction; economic; factors; implementation; participants; ppp; ppp projects; projects; public; sector; success; success factors", "summary": "Construction Economics and Building, 16(2), 42-55 Sanni 45 Table 1: PPP success factors from literature review Je ff er ie s, G am es on a nd R ow lin so n, 2 00 2 Li e t a l., 2 00 5 Z ha ng , 2 00 5 C ar tli dg e, 2 00 6 Ja co bs on a nd C ho i, 20 08 C he un g, 2 00 9 A gr aw al , 2 01 0 M in ni e, 2 00 1 C ho u et a l., 2 01 2 N g, W on g an d W on g, 20 12 C he un g, C ha n an d K aj ew sk i, 20 12 Ta ng e t a l., 2 01 3 Is m ai l, 20 13 W ib ow o Factor 1 \u2013 Leadership focus This principal factor accounts for 30.44% of the total variance of PPP success factors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4866", "words": "6314", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Utama, Wahyudi P; Chan, Albert P.C.; Zahoor, Hafiz; Gao, Ran", "title": "Review of research trend in international construction projects: a bibliometric analysis", "date": "2016", "keywords": "analysis; chan; construction; construction management; doi; economics; engineering; icp; international; journal; management; manuscripts; projects; research", "summary": "The figure clearly illustrates that quantitative research, survey method for data acquisition, and descriptive analysis style, are the scientific methods steering part of ICP research papers. Figure 4: The sources of research funding Trends of research topic To figure out the evolution of ICP research topics from 1995 to 2014, firstly they are categorized into six closely related interests namely 1) industrial development, 2) risk management and assessment, 3) global and entry strategy, 4) critical success factors and barriers, 5) competition and performance, and 6) knowledge-management and decision making.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4873", "words": "10002", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Teo, Ai Lin Evelyn; Ofori, George; Tjandra, Imelda Krisiani; Kim, Hanjoon", "title": "Design for safety: theoretical framework of the safety aspect of BIM system to determine the safety index", "date": "2016", "keywords": "bim; building; construction; construction safety; council; design; doi; hazards; health; industry; ipass; management; performance; planning; project; safety; singapore; system; wsh", "summary": "In short, DfS is designing for construction safety by implementing prevention methods in the design approach in order to achieve safe design. As such it helps to improve construction safety, and also minimizes delays due to reduced reworks during the Intelligent Productivity and Safety System (IPASS)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4879", "words": "754", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Ng, Thomas; Wong, Kelvin", "title": "Book Review - The Soft Power of Construction Contracting Organisations", "date": "2016", "keywords": "book; construction", "summary": "Some readers, particularly practitioners from the industry, might want some elaboration on the content and we suggest that the authors consider a companion volume with case studies and examples that could include studies and lessons learned from other industries as well. Book Review \u2013 The soft power of construction contracting organisations, Construction Economics and Building, 16(1), 104-105.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4882", "words": "10786", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Gurmu, Argaw Tarekegn; Aibinu, Ajibade Ayodeji; Chan, Toong Khuan", "title": "A study of best management practices for enhancing productivity in building projects: construction methods perspectives", "date": "2016", "keywords": "analysis; building; construction; continuation; control; level; level e; management; methods; plan; practices; productivity; project; schedule; site; start; traffic; work", "summary": "In construction projects, the techniques of integration of different schedules; schedule controlling methods; mechanisms used in the preparation of site layout, project start-up and completion procedures; and investigation of suitable technologies are some of the methods considered as best practices. Regulatory bodies such as the Fair Work Commission stipulate minimum wages, working hours, overtime payments, penalty rates and other employment conditions in building construction projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4892", "words": "7452", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Akotia, Julius; Opoku, Alex; Egbu, Charles; Fortune, Chris", "title": "Exploring the knowledge \u2018base\u2019 of practitioners in the delivery of sustainable regeneration projects", "date": "2016", "keywords": "construction; development; doi; economic; evaluation; factors; practitioners; projects; regeneration; regeneration projects; socio; sustainability; understanding", "summary": "From the above results it can clearly be deduced that sustainable regeneration practitioners still consider environmental factors to be the most dominant feature of sustainability factor of sustainable regeneration projects. Exploring the knowledge \u2018base\u2019 of practitioners in the delivery of sustainable regeneration projects, Construction Economics and Building, 16(2), 14-26.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4965", "words": "774", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Gajendran, Thayaparan", "title": "Book Review - Cost Studies of Buildings", "date": "2016", "keywords": "cost; costing; section", "summary": "Section 3 \u2013 \u2018Cost Practice\u2019: The chapters relating to costing information include sources of costs data, cost indices/trends, rules of measurement, cost analysis and taxation/incentives.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4979", "words": "8932", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Abisuga, Abiodun Olatunji; Famakin, Ibukun O.; Oshodi, Olalekan S.", "title": "Educational building conditions and the health of users", "date": "2016", "keywords": "analysis; building; cobwebs; construction; dampness; defects; doi; dust; environment; facilities; factors; health; maintenance; physical; problems; staff; students; study; users", "summary": "Paper type \u2013 Research article Introduction Study context Literature review Defects in building facilities Sick building syndrome in educational buildings Post occupancy evaluation of educational buildings Overall health of building users Conceptual framework Research method Result Descriptive statistics and reliability analysis of building defects Descriptive statistics and factor analysis of health factors Table 1: Scale item mean, rank, significance and reliability analysis of defects Correlation analysis between defects and health factors Table 3: Descriptive statistic and Pearson correlations of defects and health factors Multiple regression analysis between defects and health factors Discussion Conclusion References Previously, researchers have studied user satisfaction with educational facilities using a post occupancy evaluation (Adewumi et al., 2011; McGrath and Horton, 2011; Sawyerr and Yusof, 2013), performance of educational buildings (Hassanain, 2008; Wong and Jan, 2003), defects in educational buildings (Olanrewaju 2012; Wahab and Hamid, 2011), and effects of educational building facilities on academic performance of students (Leung and Fung, 2005; Uline and Tschannen-Moran, 2008).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4983", "words": "9778", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Hosseinian, S. Mahdi", "title": "An optimal time incentive/disincentive -based compensation in contracts with multiple agents", "date": "2016", "keywords": "agents; aversion; construction; contracts; incentive; level; principal; project; risk; sharing; team; time; time incentive", "summary": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v16i4.4983 Construction Economics and Building, 16(4), 35-53 Hosseinian 35 In construction literature, the notion of time incentive contracts is well established and discussions of such contracts date back to the early 1980s (Barnes, 1983). Despite an extensive body of publications on time incentive contracts, a review of the literature, as shown in Table 1, reveals that few studies have examined the influence of factors affecting the choice of a time incentive arrangement (Al-Subhi Al-Harbi, 1998; Broome and Perry, 2002; Badenfelt, 2008; Hosseinian and Carmichael, 2013a, b and 2014).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4984", "words": "7810", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Ibem, Eziyi Offia; Aduwo, Egidario Bridget; Tunji-Olayeni, Patience; Ayo-Vaughan, Emmanuel Adekunle; Uwakonye, Uwakonye Obioha", "title": "Factors influencing e-Procurement adoption in the Nigerian building industry", "date": "2016", "keywords": "adoption; building; construction; decision; factors; industry; organizations; procurement; study; use", "summary": "Lastly, the study also revealed that the benefits of e-Procurement use; organizational characteristics; availability and cost of e-Procurement technologies; size of organization and the level of awareness of e-Procurement in construction were the significant predictors of e-Procurement adoption in the NBI. The 29 factors were investigated in seven different dimensions - the benefits of e-Procurement use; level of awareness on e-Procurement in construction; and the availability and cost of e-Procurement applications emerged as the three most significant predictors of e-Procurement adoption in the survey.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-4993", "words": "9087", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Ke, Yongjian; Davis, Peter; Jefferies, Marcus", "title": "A conceptual model of psychological contracts in construction projects", "date": "2016", "keywords": "behaviours; benefits; construction; contracting; davis; doi; journal; management; parties; partner; procurement; project; relationship; trust", "summary": "Having current/recent and direct involvement in project procurement of construction projects in Australia. A conceptual model of psychological contracts in construction projects, Construction Economics and Building, 16(3), 20-37.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5028", "words": "8851", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Langston, Craig; Ghanbaripour, Amir Naser", "title": "A Management Maturity Model (MMM) for project-based organisational performance assessment", "date": "2016", "keywords": "building; capabilities; construction; doi; improvement; langston; management; management maturity; maturity; model; organisations; performance; process; project; project management; success; time", "summary": "Project management maturity models - a critical review: a case study within Swedish engineering and construction organisations, Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences, 119, 837-846. Project management maturity models, in Morris, P.W.G and Pinto, J.K., The Wiley Guide to Managing Projects, 1234-1255.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5098", "words": "9421", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Sarhan, Jamil Ghazi; Xia, Bo; Fawzia, Sabrina; Karim, Azharul", "title": "Lean Construction Implementation in the Saudi Arabian Construction Industry", "date": "2017", "keywords": "building; companies; construction; construction economics; construction industry; design; implementation; karim construction; ksa construction; mean; production; project; sarhan; saudi; tools; value; vol; waste", "summary": "To address these challenges, lean construction has been introduced into the Saudi construction industry; however, it is still in its infancy. The objectives are to identify: the types of construction waste, level of use of tools that support the implementation of lean construction, stages of application of lean methods, and the benefits of lean construction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5101", "words": "11146", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Livesey, Peter Vincent", "title": "Goleman-Boyatzis Model of Emotional Intelligence for Dealing with Problems in Project Management", "date": "2017", "keywords": "boyatzis; building; competencies; construction; economics; goleman; intelligence; journal; leadership; livesey; management; model; project; project management; results; self; study; team; vol", "summary": "749-770, https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710910987647 Boyatzis, R.E., Goleman, D. & Rhee, K. 2000, \u2018Clustering Competence in Emotional Intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI)\u2019, Handbook of Emotional Intelligence, pp.\u00a0343-362 Boyatzis, R.E. & Saatcioglu, A. 2008, \u2018A 20-Year View of Trying to Develop Emotional, Social and Cognitive Intelligence Competencies in Graduate Management Education\u2019, Journal of Management Development, vol.\u00a027 no. 1, pp.\u00a092-108, https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710810840785 Boyatzis, R.E. & Sala, F. 2004, \u2018Assessing Emotional Intelligence Competencies\u2019, The Measurement of Emotional Intelligence, pp.\u00a0147-180 Brackett, M.A., Rivers, S.E., Shiffman, S., Lerner, N. & Salovey, P. 2006, \u2018Relating Emotional Abilities to\u00a0Social Functioning: a Comparison of Self-Report and Performance Measures of Emotional Intelligence\u2019, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 91 paid.2007.09.013 Keeney, S., Hasson, F. & McKenna, H. 2011, \u2018The Delphi Technique\u2019, The Delphi Technique in Nursing and Health Research, pp.\u00a01-17, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444392029.ch1 Kerzner, H.R. 2013, Project Management: a Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling: John Wiley & Sons Koman, E.S. & Wolff, S.B. 2008, \u2018Emotional Intelligence Competencies in the Team and Team Leader: A Multi-Level Examination of the Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Team Performance\u2019, Journal of Management Development, vol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5105", "words": "8081", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Ke, Yongjian; Hao, Weiya; Ding, Huiping; Wang, Yingying", "title": "Factors Influencing the Private Involvement in Urban Rail Public-Private Partnership Projects in China", "date": "2017", "keywords": "china; factors; investment; involvement; ppp; private; project; public; rail; research; risk; sector; urban; vol", "summary": "KNOWLEDGE GAP The initial literature review indicates that it is not clear how to determine private involvement in urban rail PPP projects where the expected revenues are not able to cover total project costs. This study was thus undertaken to uncover and identify the factors influencing private involvement in urban rail PPP projects in China.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5113", "words": "10137", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Coggins, Jeremy; Teng, Bianca; Rameezdeen, Raufdeen", "title": "Construction insolvency in Australia: reining in the beast", "date": "2016", "keywords": "australia; building; business; coggins; construction; construction industry; construction insolvency; contractors; firms; industry; insolvency; payment; respondents; security; south; subcontractors", "summary": "Construction insolvency in Australia: reining in the beast, Construction Economics and Building, 16(3), 38-56. The scale of the problem has reached such proportions that both the NSW Parliament and the Senate have, in recent times, commissioned inquiries into construction insolvency.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5158", "words": "6014", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Hardie, Marie", "title": "Vectors of technical innovation delivery by small and medium Australian construction firms", "date": "2016", "keywords": "building; business; case; construction; doi; economics; industry; innovation; management; research; small; sme; smes; studies; technical; \uf0fc \uf0fc", "summary": "End user or social focus While an economic focus is almost always present in construction innovations, some innovations find their primary motivation in improvements that are socially driven (Pemsel and Wid\u00e9n, 2010). From ideas to construction innovation: firms and universities collaborating.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5159", "words": "8537", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Hosseini, M. Reza; Banihashemi, Saeed; Chileshe, Nicholas; Namzadi, Mehran Oraee; Udaeja, Chika; Rameezdeen, Raufdeen; McCuen, Tammy", "title": "BIM adoption within Australian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs): an innovation diffusion model", "date": "2016", "keywords": "adoption; barriers; bim; bim adoption; building; construction; context; doi; et al; innovation; model; project; smes; study", "summary": "The findings also show the validity of the framework proposed for explaining BIM adoption in Australian SMEs. As such, features associated with lack of knowledge of BIM were not found to be influential barriers to BIM adoption within Australian SMEs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5164", "words": "9638", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Ishak, Siti Salwa Mohd; Newton, Sidney", "title": "An innovation resistance factor model", "date": "2016", "keywords": "adoption; analysis; building; construction; doi; factors; information; innovation; management; model; new; opims; project; research; resistance; tam; technology; use; user", "summary": "IRFM is shown to be an effective and appropriate model of user resistance factors. The most critical factors to influence technology resistance in the online project information management system (OPIMS) context are: support from leaders and peers, complexity of the technology, compatibility with key work practices; and pre-trial of the technology before it is actually deployed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5178", "words": "6354", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Davis, Peter; Gajendran, Thayaparan; Vaughan, Josephine; Owi, Toinpre", "title": "Assessing construction innovation: theoretical and practical perspectives", "date": "2016", "keywords": "building; business; construction; construction innovation; doi; economics; industry; innovation; management; new; process; product; project; research", "summary": "Assessing construction innovation: theoretical and practical perspectives, Construction Economics and Building, 16(3), 104-115. The literature is replete with research into construction innovation, however, there is limited research into understanding how innovation is perceived and narrated in practice.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5180", "words": "797", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "33", "author": "Brewer, Graham", "title": "Book Review", "date": "2016", "keywords": "book; construction; innovation", "summary": "Either way a business leader reading this book will come to have a clear understanding of the commonalities and differences between different innovation paradigms, their strengths and weaknesses, and their applicability at the level of the project team and the individual firm. ISBN: 978-1-118-65553-5 It can be argued in construction circles that innovation is the concept de jour: it is certainly the case for politicians and funders of research.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5181", "words": "1169", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Brewer, Graham", "title": "Guest Editorial", "date": "2016", "keywords": "construction; innovation; smes", "summary": "Hardie challenges the notion of SME innovation as merely the adoption of new processes and products, suggesting that small firm size is a positive benefit in terms of agility to the development of technology innovation. Hosseini, Banihashemi, Chileshe, Namzadi, Udeaja, Rameezdeen and McCuen take a technology-specific (BIM) perspective of innovation adoption in SMEs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5184", "words": "6732", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Aluko, Ralph Olusola; Adenuga, Olumide Afolarin; Kukoyi, Patricia Omega; Soyingbe, Aliu Adebayo; Oyedeji, Joseph Oyewale", "title": "Predicting the academic success of architecture students by pre-enrolment requirement: using machine-learning techniques", "date": "2016", "keywords": "analysis; architecture; data; doi; learning; linear; performance; students; study; success; undergraduate; university", "summary": "In the present study, machine learning models were used to predict academic success of architecture students based on information provided in prior academic performance. This paper makes a modest contribution to the ongoing discussion on the relationship between prior academic performance and academic success of undergraduate students by evaluating this proposition.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5220", "words": "9300", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "27", "author": "Strahorn, Scott; Brewer, Graham; Gajendran, Thayaparan", "title": "The Influence of Trust on Project Management Practice within the Construction Industry", "date": "2017", "keywords": "approach; brewer; building; construction; influence; management; outcomes; procurement; project; regard; relationships; risk; terms; transactional; trust; vol", "summary": "Reoccurring themes and dimensions in this regard include; relationships, team work, collaboration, communication, culture, risk management, trust between parties, trust and trust based relationships, ability based trust, and mutual trust (Cheung et al., 2003; Ngowi, 2007; Rahman and Kumaraswamy, 2004; 2008; Rahman, Kumaraswamy and Ling, 2007). Hence, the importance of the attribution variables that influence trust are arguably more significant within a traditional procurement environment, as project individuals must actively and benevolently pursue positive outcomes in this regard.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5232", "words": "11206", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Cheung, Sai On; Levina, Brigitta; Niu, Yuhan", "title": "Concentration Analysis of New Private Residential Units Market in Hong Kong", "date": "2017", "keywords": "building; competition; concentration; construction; developers; economics; hhi; hong; hong kong; kong; land; market; power; price; property; share", "summary": "ac um en is le ga l Cheung, Levina & Niu Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 17, No. 2 June 20177 Like the Guidelines summarised in Table 1, the Guideline on the Second Conduct Rule (GSCR) of the HKCO suggests the use of a) market share and market concentration; b) potential entry or expansion; and c) countervailing buyer power, to evaluate whether an undertaking has a substantial degree of market power (HKCC, 2015b). Hong Kong property prices are now in free fall.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5245", "words": "7921", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Warren-Myers, Georgia; McRae, Erryn", "title": "Volume Home Building: The Provision of Sustainability Information for New Homebuyers", "date": "2017", "keywords": "analysis; builders; building; construction; consumers; content; energy; home; information; level; myers; new; sustainability; volume; warren; websites", "summary": "This paper reports on the analysis of Australia\u2019s Home Industry Association\u2019s top 100 volume builders\u2019 websites and their provision of sustainability information. Research approach This research investigates volume builders\u2019 communication of sustainability information to homebuyers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5252", "words": "6819", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Luo, Jianing; Zhang, Hong; Sher, Willy", "title": "Insights into Architects\u2019 Future Roles in Off-Site Construction", "date": "2017", "keywords": "architects; building; construction; design; industry; methodologies; mode; oscm; osm; research; site; vol; work; zhang", "summary": "He argued that \u201carchitects design buildings to suit customer requests, adopting traditional design methods based on architects\u2019 personal professional skills and talent. Since at least the early 1960s, it has been recognized that building design has a significant impact on construction productivity and quality (HMSO, 1962).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5270", "words": "7495", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Oraee, Mehran; Hosseini, M.Reza; Banihashemi Namini, Saeed; Merschbrock, Christoph", "title": "Where the Gaps Lie: Ten Years of Research into Collaboration on BIM-Enabled Construction Projects", "date": "2017", "keywords": "bim; bimcps; building; collaboration; construction; construction economics; design; economics; engineering; hosseini; information; journal; management; studies; study; technology; vol", "summary": "687-696 Owen, R., Amor, R., Palmer, M., Dickinson, J., Tatum, C.B., Kazi, A.S., Prins, M., Kiviniemi, A. & East, B. 2010, \u2018Challenges for Integrated Design and Delivery Solutions\u2019, Architectural Engineering and Design Management, vol. 6 no. 4, pp. 232-240, https://doi.org/10.3763/aedm.2010.IDDS1 Pala, M., Edum-Fotwe, F., Ruikar, K., Peters, C. & Doughty, N. 2016, \u2018Implementing Commercial Information Exchange: a Construction Supply Chain Case Study\u2019, Construction Management and Economics, pp. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2016.1211718 Papadonikolaki, E., Vrijhoef, R. & Wamelink, H. 2016, \u2018The Interdependences of BIM and Supply Chain Partnering: Empirical Explorations\u2019, Architectural Engineering and Design Management, vol. 12 no. 11, p.\u00a005013002, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943- 7862.0000765 Poirier, E., Forgues, D. & Staub-French, S. 2016, \u2018Collaboration Through Innovation: Implications for Expertise in the AEC Sector\u2019, Construction Management and Economics, pp. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1080 /01446193.2016.1206660 Rafiq, M. & Rustell, M. 2013, \u2018Building Information Modeling Steered by Evolutionary Computing\u2019, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, vol. 28", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5289", "words": "1073", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Grey, Janet", "title": "Book Review - Understanding Construction Law", "date": "2016", "keywords": "building; chapter; construction; law", "summary": "Phil Evans writes Chapter 5, which covers the detail of construction contracts, including the initiating process of tendering and the dark art of collusive tendering. Chapter 3 is on contract law, which is a pleasure to read as it so clearly sets out the elements of a contract and how one might be discharged.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5292", "words": "10505", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Lahdenper\u00e4, Pertti", "title": "Towards a Coherent Theory of Project Alliancing: Discovering the System\u2019s Complex Mechanisms Yielding Value for Money", "date": "2017", "keywords": "alliance; alliancing; building; case; concepts; construction; cost; development; economics; impact; lahdenper\u00e4; model; phase; project; study; team; value; walker", "summary": "Keywords Project alliance, alliancing, transport infrastructure, cognitive mapping, value for money. Project alliance is a project delivery method (typically) based on a joint contract between the key actors to a project (owner, designer, constructor), where the parties assume joint responsibility for the design and construction of the project to be implemented through a joint organisation, and where the actors bear both positive and negative risks related to the project jointly and observe the principles of information accessibility and unanimous decision-making in pursuing close collaboration (Lahdenper\u00e4, 2009).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5319", "words": "8082", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Alashwal, Ali Mohammed; Fareed, Nurfarhana Farza; Al-obaidi, Karam Mustafa", "title": "Determining Success Criteria and Success Factors for International Construction Projects for Malaysian Contractors", "date": "2017", "keywords": "analysis; building; component; construction; construction projects; contractors; international; management; p p; project; project success; success; success criteria; success factors; team", "summary": "A study on project success factors in large construction projects in Vietnam. The results revealed three principal criteria of project success namely, Management Success, Functional Success, and Organisation Success.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5328", "words": "4782", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Siew, Renard Yung Jhien", "title": "Critical Evaluation of Environmental, Social and Governance Disclosures of Malaysian Property and Construction Companies", "date": "2017", "keywords": "analysis; building; companies; construction; disclosures; industry; management; performance; property; reporting; siew; sustainability", "summary": "Findings show that corporate governance indicators are most reported by Malaysian construction companies compared to other environmental or social indicators. Myers (2005) investigates the attitude of construction companies towards sustainability and finds that very few positively embrace this concept.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5344", "words": "8176", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Afolabi, Adedeji Olushola; Tunji-Olayeni, Patience Fikiemo; Oyeyipo, Opeyemi Olanrewaju; Ojelabi, Rapheal Abiodun", "title": "The Socio-Economics of Women Inclusion in Green Construction", "date": "2017", "keywords": "benefits; building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; economics; energy; factor; groups; inclusion; jobs; participation; study; vol; women", "summary": "Women participation in the construction industry Even though it has been adjudged that women have potentials that are necessary for national and global impact, Anugwom (2009) and Ezegbe and Akubue (2012) reported that women are still been denied basic rights. The study may have been limited in the number of variables selected in the areas of green construction participation and the barriers to women\u2019s inclusion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5348", "words": "6558", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Okere, George", "title": "Reliance on and Reliability of the Engineer\u2019s Estimate in Heavy Civil Projects", "date": "2017", "keywords": "bid; completion; construction; engineer; estimate; percentage; projects; range", "summary": "Keywords Engineer\u2019s estimate, contract overruns, cost estimation, heavy civil projects, accuracy of cost estimates, reliability DECLARATION OF CONFLICTING INTEREST 92 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v17i2.5348 http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v17i2.5348 http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v17i2.5348 ajceb.epress.lib.uts.edu.au ajceb.epress.lib.uts.edu.au mailto:george.okere@sdc.wsu.edu http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v17i2.5348 Introduction With increasing project overrun on state Department Of Transportation (DOT) projects, the reliability of cost estimates is called into question.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5389", "words": "14191", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Liao, Longhui; Teo, Evelyn Ai Lin; Low, Sui Pheng", "title": "A project management framework for enhanced productivity performance using building information modelling", "date": "2017", "keywords": "activities; adding; bim; building; construction; contractors; design; industry; people; phase; process; processes; productivity; project; singapore; team; teo; time; value; wastes", "summary": "Application of lean construction principles to reduce construction process waste using computer simulation: a case study. Building information modelling (BIM) partnering framework for public construction projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5482", "words": "10414", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Ahmadi, Navid; Shahandashti, Mohsen", "title": "Comparative empirical analysis of temporal relationships between construction investment and economic growth in the United States", "date": "2017", "keywords": "construction; cva; economic; gdp; granger; growth; industry; series; states; test; time", "summary": "We did not find enough evidence showing any relationships between the Value Added by Construction industry and state GDP in other states. For example, Montana, Wyoming, and Louisiana are ranked among the top 5 states of the ranking table of construction activity as a percentage of state GDP.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5520", "words": "8977", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Rosa, Jasmin E.; Hon, Carol K.H.; Xia, Bo; Lamari, Fiona", "title": "Challenges, success factors and strategies for women\u2019s career development in the Australian construction industry", "date": "2017", "keywords": "career; career development; challenges; construction; construction industry; development; factors; family; industry; interviewee; strategies; success; women; work", "summary": "One of the studies conducted to date that focuses on women career challenges in Australia, is a discussion paper issued by the National Association of Women in Construction (NAWIC). What women want from construction careers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5524", "words": "6118", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Oshodi, Olalekan; Ejohwomu, Obuks Augustine; Famakin, Ibukun Oluwadara; Cortez, Paulo", "title": "Comparing univariate techniques for tender price index forecasting: Box-Jenkins and neural network model", "date": "2017", "keywords": "box; construction; data; economics; forecasting; index; jenkins; model; network; price; price index; study; tender", "summary": "Forecasting construction tender price index in Hong Kong using vector error correction model. Figure 1 shows the time series plot for tender price index data.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5544", "words": "7444", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Liang, Lingfeng; Hu, Xiancun; Tivendale, Linda; Liu, Chunlu", "title": "The log mean divisia index based carbon productivity in the Australian construction industry", "date": "2017", "keywords": "carbon; carbon productivity; changes; construction; construction industry; decomposition; energy; industry; intensity; liu; productivity", "summary": "Meng, Liu and Gao (2014) showed that energy consumption is an important influence on carbon productivity change. Sources of carbon productivity change: A decomposition and disaggregation analysis based on global Luenberger productivity indicator and endogenous directional distance function.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5546", "words": "7151", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Singh, Manav Mahan; Sawhney, Anil; Sharma, Vaishnavi", "title": "Utilising Building Component Data from BIM for Formwork Planning", "date": "2017", "keywords": "analysis; api; authoring; automation; bim; building; construction; data; design; elements; environment; figure; formwork; formwork elements; information; management; model; modelling; planning; wall", "summary": "The automation of formwork design and preparation of formwork three-dimensional (3D) model and quantity schedule of formwork elements (Tah and Price, 1991) can facilitate construction planning process using BIM data. API tools can be used to interact with BIM elements and access information associated with them (Autodesk Inc., 2014b).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5567", "words": "9020", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Jepson, Jacqueline Mary; Kirytopoulos, Konstantinos; London, Kerry", "title": "Exploring project managers\u2019 perception of stress when working in increasingly complex construction projects", "date": "2017", "keywords": "building; complexity; construction; economics; experience; jepson; journal; kirytopoulos; management; managers; project; project management; project managers; stress; vol; work", "summary": "Leung, Chan and Dongyu\u2019s (2011) study suggested that the work of project managers in the construction industry was stressful due to the time pressures, uncertainty and the dynamic social networks involved. Previous studies have made valuable contributions to stress management and how project managers manage stress.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5573", "words": "11955", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Mat Isa, Che Maznah Binti; Mohd Saman, Hamidah Binti; Preece, Christopher Nigel", "title": "Development of OLI+S Entry Decision Model for Construction Firms in International Markets", "date": "2017", "keywords": "business; construction; construction economics; construction firms; country; decision; decision model; economics; eletem; entry; entry decision; factors; firms; international; item; location; management; market; model; oli+s; project; study", "summary": "Figure 1 A Proposed Conceptual Framework for ELETEM Decision Model A review of the available literature was undertaken to identify the significant factors (independent variables)that influence international market entry decisions of Malaysian construction firms. The following sub-section explains further on international construction entry decisions adopting the OLI theory.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5596", "words": "7966", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Durdyev, Serdar; Mohamed, Sherif; Lay, Meng Leang; Ismail, Syuhaida", "title": "Key Factors Affecting Construction Safety Performance in Developing Countries: Evidence from Cambodia", "date": "2017", "keywords": "building; cambodia; construction; construction safety; durdyev; engineering; factors; industry; items; journal; lack; management; project; safety; safety factors; safety performance; site; study", "summary": "The questionnaires were administered to the frontline stakeholders responsible for construction safety performance at various levels in construction firms that operated mainly in Phnom Penh city, as well as authorities at the MLMUPC, which is responsible for construction safety in Cambodia. 48 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v17i4.5596 http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v17i4.5596 http://ajceb.epress.lib.uts.edu.au http://ajceb.epress.lib.uts.edu.au mailto:durdyevs@ara.ac.nz http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v17i4.5596 Keywords Safety performance; OSH; construction site; Cambodia; construction safety.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5604", "words": "5871", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Kissi, Ernest; Adjei-Kumi, Theophilus; Amoah, Peter; Gyimah, Jerry", "title": "Forecasting Construction Tender Price Index in Ghana using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Variables Model", "date": "2018", "keywords": "arimax; building; construction; data; economics; forecasting; index; model; price; tender; tpi; variables", "summary": "In building ARIMAX model, time-series model techniques must be used involving two phases (see Figure 1: Processes for ARIMAX model development). ARIMAX model provides flexibility in model building with time series data as it can be simply reduced to ARIMA model if historical behavior is to be examine by making projections through employing only statistically identified historical relationships.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5663", "words": "11849", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Dosumu, Oluwaseun Sunday", "title": "Perceived Effects of Prevalent Errors in Contract Documents on Construction Projects", "date": "2018", "keywords": "bill; building; building projects; construction; construction contract; construction documents; construction projects; contract documents; design; drawings; effects; errors; prevalent; projects; quantities; study; types", "summary": "Moreover, a study of prevalent errors in contract documents is extremely important, not only to complement the few existing studies in the area but also to determine its severe effects on construction projects. Perceived Effects of Prevalent Errors in Contract Documents on Construction Projects Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 18, No. 1, March 201815 Table 7 Prevalent errors in contract documents based on procurement methods Types of errors Tr ad iti on al m et ho d R an k D es ig n an d bu ild R an k M an ag em en t m et ho d R an k To ta l R an k P v al ue D ec is io n Over/ undermeasurement in bill of quantities 3.11 9 3.19 3 3.66 1 3.39 1 0.048 Reject Ho Dimensional errors in drawings 3.30 1 3.27 1 3.38 2 3.33 2 0.898 Accept Ho Ambiguous/wrong description in specifications 3.26 5 3.23 2 3.13 5 3.19 3 0.865 Accept Ho Conflicting information in drawings 3.25 6 3.03 6 3.24 3 3.18 4 0.484 Accept Ho Use of wrong unit/quantity for measurement 3.07 10 3.03 7 3.23 4 3.13 5 0.703 Accept Ho Omission of items in drawings 3.30 1 2.98 8 3.08 7 3.08 6 0.574 Accept Ho Conflicting information in specifications 2.85 12 3.05 5 3.13 5 3.05 7 0.673 Accept Ho Violation of codes, laws and regulations in drawings 3.30 1 3.06 4 3.03 8 3.04 8 0.984 Accept Ho Wrong description of items in bill of quantities 2.97 11 2.93 9 3.03 8 2.98 9 0.929 Accept Ho Mechanical/ Electrical symbol error 3.14 8 2.78 11 2.89 12 2.90 10 0.537 Accept Ho Omission/ absence of specifications 3.15 7 2.93 9 2.78 14 2.90 10 0.447 Accept Ho Omission of items in bill of quantities 3.28 4 2.71 14 2.86 13 2.88 12 0.161 Accept Ho Incomplete/ inadequate specification 2.58 14 2.74 12 3.00 10 2.84 13 0.363 Accept Ho Errors in design 2.72 13 2.72 13 2.96 11 2.83 14 0.536 Accept Ho 5= Very prevalent (VP, 81-100%), 4= Prevalent (P, 61-80%), 3= Moderately prevalent (MP, 41-60%), 2= Slightly prevalent (SP, 21-40%), 1=Not prevalent (NP, 0-20%); Cut point for prevalence = 3.5; P<0.05= Reject Ho Table 7 depicts the prevalent types of errors in contract documents based on the procurement method adopted for the projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5704", "words": "9063", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Lafuente, Esteban; Strassburger, Felipe; Vaillant, Yancy; Vilajosana, Jordi", "title": "Organizational Resilience and Performance: An Analysis of the Relevance of Suppliers\u2019 Trade Credit and Bank Diversification in the Spanish Construction Industry", "date": "2017", "keywords": "businesses; construction; construction businesses; credit; crisis; economic; industry; institutions; performance; period; sector; spanish; suppliers; trade; trade credit", "summary": "Additionally, the proposed estimation approach allows evaluating the effect of relevant time-invariant factors on business performance (in our case, the number of financial institutions used by construction businesses). The analysis of how construction businesses use suppliers\u2019 trade credit as a source of financial recourses and how this strategy impacts their performance level has been largely sidelined in prior research.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5746", "words": "1457", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Kassem, Mohamad", "title": "Claims, Disputes and Litigation Involving BIM", "date": "2017", "keywords": "bim; book; claims; construction; standards", "summary": "This discussion is undoubtedly beneficial for both (1) policy makers who are responsible for developing BIM guidelines and standards, and (2) practitioners who are interested in understanding the legal aspects surrounding BIM use in their projects. However, credit should be given to the author for embarking on such a discussion whose challenges are inherent in the process of developing BIM guidelines and standards.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5762", "words": "6078", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Larsen, Jesper Kranker; Lindhard, S\u00f8ren Munch; Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev; Jensen, Kim Noergaard", "title": "The Relation between Pre-planning, Commissioning and Enhanced Project Performance", "date": "2018", "keywords": "case; commissioning; construction; journal; management; performance; planning; pre; process; project; quality; research; study; success; systems", "summary": "Evaluating the quality of project planning: A model and field results. Furthermore, Gibson Jr. et al. (2006) find that a linear relationship between the level of project performance and pre-planning exists.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5770", "words": "9569", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Ter\u00e4v\u00e4inen, Ville Juhani; Junnonen, Juha-Matti; Ali-L\u00f6ytty, Simo", "title": "Organizational Culture: Case of the Finnish Construction Industry", "date": "2018", "keywords": "building; change; characteristics; clan; construction; construction economics; construction industry; culture; economics; figure; industry; management; organizations; preferred; scores; values", "summary": "Managerial ideologies, organization culture and the outcomes of innovation: A competing values perspective. The findings show that, on average, construction industry organizations in Finland currently operate with a mixture of clan and hierarchy cultures.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5771", "words": "11195", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Ibem, Eziyi Offia; Onyemaechi, Paschal C; yo-Vaughan, Emmanuel A.", "title": "Project Selection and Transparency Factors in Housing Public-Private Partnerships in Nigeria", "date": "2018", "keywords": "availability; bidding; construction; factors; housing; housing projects; ibem; land; nigeria; partners; partnerships; ppp; ppp housing; ppp projects; process; project; public; sector; selection; transparency", "summary": "However, there is a paucity of empirical studies on the specific factors considered at the initiation, and measures taken to ensure transparency at the procurement stages, of PPP housing projects. This study examined project selection factors and transparency measures in PPP housing projects using data sourced from oral interviews with 27 experts in nine PPP housing schemes in Nigeria.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5780", "words": "9477", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Afolabi, Adedeji Olushola; Oluwatayo, Adedapo; Oyeyipo, Opeyemi; Ojelabi, Rapheal; Fagbenle, Olabosipo", "title": "Assessment of Designers\u2019 Perception of Post Conflict Housing Schemes for Internally Displaced Persons", "date": "2018", "keywords": "building; conflict housing; construction; design; designers; disaster; features; groups; housing; housing schemes; idps; international; nigeria; pchs; persons; post; post conflict; study; total", "summary": "The study aims to assess designers\u2019 assessment of post conflict housing schemes (PCHS) for internally displaced persons. What features do designers consider critical in design of post conflict housing scheme (PCHS) for internally displaced persons and what factors influence these designs?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5793", "words": "5795", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Oo, Bee Lan", "title": "Release of Construction Clients\u2019 Pre-tender Cost Estimates: An Experimental Study", "date": "2017", "keywords": "bidding; bids; clients; construction; cost; economics; information; release; tender", "summary": "Turning into bidding feedback information in construction sealed bid auctions, clients have opted for different information feedback conditions in sequential auctions that are of different levels of competition and projects to bid on. The practical implication is that construction clients would need to consider their information policy on releasing pre-tender cost estimates to enhance efficiency in their procurement for construction services.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5842", "words": "13370", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Paz, Juan Camilo; Rozenboim, David; Cuadros, \u00c1lvaro; Cano, Sandra; Escobar, John", "title": "A Simulation-Based Scheduling Methodology for Construction Projects Considering the Potential Impacts of Delay Risks", "date": "2018", "keywords": "activities; activity; analysis; building; construction; construction economics; construction projects; delay; duration; impact; journal; management; methodology; model; probability; project; risks; schedule; scheduling; simulation; table", "summary": "Zhang and Chu (2011) proposed approaches that consider the judgment involved with risk factors using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), or the fuzzy failure mode and the effects analysis for project risks. Project risk management using the project risk FMEA.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5872", "words": "9309", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Tawalare, Abhay Gopalrao; Laishram, Boeing", "title": "Relational Contracting Conceptual Model for Public Sector Construction Organisations: An Indian Context", "date": "2018", "keywords": "+ +; building; change; construction; contracting; economics; employees; indian; journal; management; model; organisations; partnering; project; sector; sector construction; success; team; \u221a \u221a", "summary": "\u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a SA Stakeholder analysis: Stakeholder analysis identifies stakeholder\u2019s knowledge, attitudes within context of change and convinces for new functional roles. \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a Tawalare and Laishram Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 18, No. 2, June 201874 C od e P ub lic S ec to r O rg an iz at io na l C ha ng e \u2013 K ey F oc us A re as C ro w le y an d K ar im (1 99 5) W ils on , S on ge r an d D ie km an n (1 99 5) C ra ne e t a l. (1 99 7)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5882", "words": "8372", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Okoye, Peter Uchenna", "title": "Occupational Health and Safety Risk Levels of Building Construction Trades in Nigeria", "date": "2018", "keywords": "activities; building; building construction; building trades; construction; construction trades; factors; health; journal; nigeria; risk; risk factors; safety; safety risk; sites; trades; workers", "summary": "Overall, the result showed that Table 3 Summary of the result of risk analysis on common building trades Building Trade PRO SRI R Risk Level Rank Carpentry (including formwork and roofing) 3.8 3.6 13.7 High 1 Masonry (block laying, brick laying, concreting and plastering) 3.5 3.7 13.0 High 2 Iron bending and steel fixing 3.5 3.5 12.3 High 3 Tilling (including terrazzo and marble laying) 3.4 3.3 11.2 Medium 4 Painting 3.1 2.9 9.0 Medium 5 Electrical fitting and Installation 2.7 2.5 6.8 Medium 6 Plumbing 2.6 2.3 6.0 Medium 7 Occupational Health and Safety Risk Levels of Building Construction Trades in Nigeria Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 18, No. 2, June 201899 carpentry (including formwork and roofing), masonry (block laying, brick laying, concreting and plastering) and iron bending and steel fixing are high risk level building trades, whereas, tilling (including terrazzo and marble laying), painting, electrical fitting and installation and plumbing are medium risk level building trades. However, safety risk in construction cannot be effectively managed without first identifying the risk factors associated with different trades in construction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5885", "words": "9234", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Mba, Marie Francoise Bekale; Agumba, Justus Ngala", "title": "Critical success factors influencing performance outcome of joint venture construction projects in South Africa: Comparison of first and second order models", "date": "2018", "keywords": "adnan; agreement; construction; csfs; et al; factor; management; objectives; order; outcome; partners; performance; project; success", "summary": "The purpose of this paper is therefore to determine the critical success factors (CSFs) influencing the performance of JV construction projects in South Africa. This paper therefore compares analytically the appropriate performance model that best predicts the successful outcome of JV construction projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5899", "words": "9146", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Utama, Wahyudi P; Chan, Albert PC; Zahoor, Hafiz; Gao, Ran; Peli, Martalius", "title": "Exploring the Strategic Motivation of Internationalisation: Indonesian Contractors\u2019 Perspectives", "date": "2018", "keywords": "building; business; companies; company; construction; contractors; economics; expansion; indonesian; international; leste; market; motivations; projects; respondents; timor", "summary": "An interviewee explained as follow, Utama, Chan, Zahoor, Gao, and Peli Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 18, No. 4, December 201878 ASEAN and Timor Leste markets were our targets due to geographical aspects. The neighboring markets allow Indonesian companies to compete openly with other foreign enterprises as a main contractor compared to other regions such as the Middle East.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5973", "words": "10245", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Loganathan, Santhosh; Forsythe, Perry; Kalidindi, Satyanarayana N", "title": "Work practices of onsite construction crews and their influence on productivity", "date": "2018", "keywords": "bitar; building; construction; crew; economics; factors; foreman; hpc; jarkas; labour; management; members; practices; productivity; rebar; study; tasks; thomas; work; work practices", "summary": "However, there is little research into the nature of crew work practices. Also, there is little research into the nature of crew work practices.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5979", "words": "705", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Runeson, G\u00f6ran", "title": "Research Methods: A Practical Guide for Students and Researchers", "date": "2018", "keywords": "book; research", "summary": "Any respectable university library would have several shelf metres of books that specialise in one or a few aspects of research methods and the thought of condensing all that into a single, practical volume is strictly for masochists. Similarly, it would serve as text for a good introductory course for postgraduate research students and professionals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-5994", "words": "9126", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Nadhim, Evan Alaa; Hon, Carol K.H.; Xia, Bo; Stewart, Ian; Fang, Dongping", "title": "Investigating the Relationships between Safety Climate and Safety Performance Indicators in Retrofitting Works", "date": "2018", "keywords": "building; construction; factors; hon; indicators; journal; model; relationship; research; retrofitting; retrofitting works; safety; safety climate; safety compliance; safety participation; safety performance; table; workers; works", "summary": "It is influenced by a variety of underlying organizational factors such as safety behaviour, safety climate and safety culture (Hon, Chan and Yam, 2014; Reason, 1995). Safety climate has been widely researched to enhance safety performance at the workplace (Cooper and Phillips, 2004; Glendon and Litherland, 2001; Neal and Griffin, 2006; Neal, Griffin and Hart, 2000).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6000", "words": "7437", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Amuda-Yusuf, Ganiyu", "title": "Critical Success Factors for Building Information Modelling Implementation", "date": "2018", "keywords": "adoption; bim; building; construction; csfs; et al; factors; implementation; industry; information; management; success; turnover", "summary": "These studies have not specifically addressed the issue of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for BIM implementation in the country and some of the issues identified related to the level of awareness and potential barriers to BIM adoption in the Nigeria construction industry. Humans are rigid in terms of adoption of new ideas they think is at variance with the old ways they have been doing things and this is one major problem militating against BIM adoption and must be overcome for successful BIM implementation Conclusions This study has presented results of a questionnaire survey with the main aim to identify critical success factors to BIM implementation in Nigeria, explore their rankings and underlying associations among the factors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6031", "words": "7792", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Yusof, Nor'Aini; Mohd Ishak, Siti Salwa; Doheim, Rahma", "title": "Identifying factors for incorporating spatial data into BIM using the Delphi method", "date": "2018", "keywords": "application; bim; building; construction; data; delphi; et al; experts; factors; industry; management; method; planning; spatial; stage; technology", "summary": "Identifying factors for incorporating spatial data into BIM using the Delphi method. Incorporating spatial data in BIM as early as possible in the building lifecycle poses a new challenge to industry players, particularly to the consultants who collect and provide these data.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6041", "words": "7705", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Aiyetan, Olatunji Ayodeji; Dillip, Das", "title": "System Dynamics Approach to Mitigating Skilled Labour Shortages in the Construction Industry: A South Africa Context", "date": "2018", "keywords": "building; construction; construction industry; development; dynamics; environment; factors; industry; labour; labour shortages; labourers; management; shortages; south; system; variables; work", "summary": "Findings Before the interlinkage and causal relationships among various variables were developed to build causal loop diagrams (CLD), the importance of various variables under the three important aspects such as factors causing skilled labour shortage, effects of skilled labour shortages on the construction industry and strategiesto improve the availability of skilled labourers in construction industry were established. The objective of this study is to assess the factors that cause skilled labour shortages, their effects on the construction industry and how the scenario can be improved.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6139", "words": "5904", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Livesey, Peter Vincent; Runeson, Goran", "title": "Autoethnography and Theory Testing", "date": "2018", "keywords": "autoethnography; building; construction; economics; experience; management; project; qualitative; research; self; study", "summary": "peter.livesey@uts.edu.au DOI: https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v18i3.6139 Article history: Received 17/06/2017; Revised 21/07/2018; Accepted 19/09/2018; Published 03/10/2018 Abstract One of the problems in construction management research is how to harvest the living experience of people working in the profession. You have a set of theoretical and methodological tools and research literature to use.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6228", "words": "8022", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Belayutham, Sheila; Zabidin, Nadia Safura; Che Ibrahim, Che Khairil Izam", "title": "Dynamic Representation of Barriers for Adopting Building Information Modelling in Malaysian Tertiary Education", "date": "2018", "keywords": "adoption; barriers; bim; bim education; building; construction; education; engineering; information; modelling; people; process; study; table; technology; time", "summary": "Nonetheless, the current landscape suggests that little pedagogic research has been undertaken to advance BIM education, as compared to BIM adoption in the industry. Dynamic Representation of Barriers for Adopting Building Information Modelling in Malaysian Tertiary Education Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 18, No. 4, December 201825 Previous studies have investigated the challenges of BIM education by eliciting the most important issues,but limited studies were found on the identification of root causes and the inter-relationship between the different challenges, which could lead to the recurrence of the barriers of BIM adoption (Mamter, Aziz and Zulkepli, 2017).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6279", "words": "8975", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Lingard, Helen; Selva Raj, Isaac; Lythgo, Noel; Troynikov, Olga; Fitzgerald, Chris", "title": "The impact of tool selection on back and wrist injury risk in tying steel reinforcement bars: a single case experiment", "date": "2019", "keywords": "construction; height; inclination; level; msds; participant; power; reinforcement; risk; stapler; steel; tool; trunk; tying; work; wrist", "summary": "Second, we conducted a controlled analysis of steel tying work being performed at different work heights using three different tools. The changing environmental conditions inherent in construction work also impact the frequency and content of work tasks performed by construction workers, making it difficult to reliably measure exposure to MSD risk (Paquet, et al., 2005).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6280", "words": "7695", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Langston, Craig; Chan, Edwin H.W.; Yung, Esther H.K.", "title": "Embodied Carbon and Construction Cost Differences between Hong Kong and Melbourne Buildings", "date": "2018", "keywords": "building; carbon; construction; construction cost; construction economics; cost; december; economics; energy; hong; hong kong; kong; melbourne; projects; vol", "summary": "Both equations for Hong Kong are provided below \u2013 where Cost is measured in HKD (millions): EEN = 346.77 x Cost (Eq.1) EER = 296.23 x Cost (Eq.2) Figures 2 and 3 show this correlation graphically for Hong Kong projects. Hong Kong projects are generally high-rise while Melbourne projects are generally low-rise.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6331", "words": "9887", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Belayutham, Sheila; Che Ibrahim, Che Khairil Izam", "title": "Barriers and strategies for better safety practices: the case of construction SMEs in Malaysia", "date": "2019", "keywords": "barriers; building; construction; construction smes; economics; health; industry; malaysia; management; ohs; practices; safety; safety practices; site; smes; strategies; study; workers", "summary": "Apart from relying mostly on direct funding from the government, a mechanism such as tax incentives could also be introduced (i.e. any cost spent for OHS training could be given tax exemptions), linking cost of safety performance in the premium insurance (as a Barriers and Strategies for Better Safety Practices: The Case of Construction SMEs in Malaysia Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 19, No. 1, Jan-Jun 201915 PAGE NUMBER NOT FOR CITATION PURPOSES driver to increase SMEs\u2019 motivation and awareness in construction site safety) and OHS workshops handled by local authorities/private clients could be initiated to help the construction SMEs. Despite the persistent endeavours that have been made to improve and promote construction safety (Sherratt, et al., 2015), those accidents still plague the industry (Zhou, et al., 2015).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6362", "words": "9642", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Mwelu, Noah; Davis, Peter R; Ke, Yongjian; Watundu, Susan", "title": "Compliance within a Regulatory Framework in Implementing Public Road Construction Projects", "date": "2018", "keywords": "authority; building; compliance; construction; construction economics; construction projects; contractors; economics; factors; familiarity; framework; journal; management; monitoring; procurement; professionalism; research; road construction; sanctions; staff; uganda; vol", "summary": "Accordingly, this study contributes to existing construction management and public procurement studies generally and particularly in public road construction by showing that sanctions on staff, perceived inefficiency of public procurement regulatory framework and contractors\u2019 resistance to non-compliance with public procurement regulatory framework are significant compliance factors in enhancing compliance with public procurement regulatory framework governing public road construction projects. The purpose of this study is to establish factors affecting compliance within a public procurement regulatory framework in public road construction projects and foster economic development.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6431", "words": "9096", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Dolla, Tharun; Laishram, Boeing", "title": "Prequalification in municipal solid waste management public-private partnerships of India", "date": "2019", "keywords": "capacity; construction; cost; criteria; india; limits; management; msw; msw projects; ppp; prequalification; process; procurement; projects; sector; technical", "summary": "PPP projects in national highways sector are counted as one of the sectors, besides the power sector, which has been able to successfully attract private capital investment in India. This is further carried to Section 3, which sets the context of the study for PQ of PPP projects in India.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6504", "words": "6855", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Lester, Danielle; Torero, Jose", "title": "Using megaproject performance outcomes to enhance decision-making behaviors in civil engineering graduates", "date": "2019", "keywords": "decision; delusion; engineering; flyvbjerg; icarus; making; megaproject; motivation; participants; program; project; research; students; study; thinking", "summary": "\u2018Enhancing employability skills\u2019 was identified as a key requirement, and while project and business management skills are being incorporated into global engineering curriculum, addressing the psychology of decision making, specific to engineers, lacks supporting research and requires further study. Insights into Decision Making: A Tribute to Hillel J. Einhorn.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6574", "words": "9102", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Onubi, Hilary Omatule; Yusof, Nor'Aini; Hassan, Ahmad Sanusi", "title": "Green site practices and environmental performance: how project complexity moderates the relationship", "date": "2019", "keywords": "building; complexity; construction; construction projects; energy; journal; management; materials; performance; practices; project complexity; project management; projects; relationship; site; study; waste", "summary": "Project complexity undoubtedly is a very important factor in construction project management and project performance as it brings forth extra hindrances in the quest for achieving project objectives (Dao et al., 2016).\u00a0 Construction project complexity: research trends and implications.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6601", "words": "7872", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Adinyira, Emmanuel; Agyekum, Kofi; Baiden, Bernard Kofi; Ebohon, Obas John ; Ampratwum, Godslove", "title": "Regeneration of Sub-Saharan Africa\u2019s open market places: a case for Guileless stakeholder participation", "date": "2020", "keywords": "construction; development; kumasi; management; market; market regeneration; participation; phase; project; regeneration; stakeholder; stakeholder participation; study; traders; urban", "summary": "From a case study of the regeneration redevelopment of the largest open-air market in West Africa i.e. Kumasi Central Market, the need for stakeholder participation in the entire regeneration process is emphasised. Also, issues of stakeholder participation were covered in the literature review to see what form of participation was used during the project and the importance of stakeholders\u2019 Regeneration of Sub-Saharan Africa\u2019s open marketplaces: a case for Guileless stakeholder participation Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 20, No. 2, June 2020167 involvement during the project.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6605", "words": "8800", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "de Kock, Pieter Marthinus; Carta, Silvio", "title": "Trojans of ambiguity vs resilient regeneration: visual meaning in cities", "date": "2020", "keywords": "ambiguity; building; cities; complexity; economics; environment; explorer; information; meaning; new; online; paper; regeneration; sustainability; urban; visual", "summary": "As the consequence of the elimination of unpredictability by computers, new patterns of use of space and behaviours around new visual meaning are likely to emerge. Trojans of ambiguity vs resilient regeneration: visual meaning in cities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6613", "words": "8249", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Anund Vogel, Jonas; Lind, Hans; Holm, Cyril", "title": "Incentivising innovation in the construction sector: the role of consulting contracts", "date": "2019", "keywords": "abk; building; construction; consultant; contracts; economics; incentives; risk; section; study; technologies; term", "summary": "By looking at the current industry practices for collaboration (ABK 09) through the lens of the relevant parts of contract theory\u2014in particular the work of Holmstr\u00f6m and Milgrom on optimal contracts\u2014six sections in ABK 09 were identified that contain weak or negative Incentivising innovation in the construction sector: the role of consulting contracts Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 19, No. 2, December 2019193 incentives for consultants to propose the best available technologies that would favour climate- neutral construction and building operation. It is also important to include risks other than financial risks, such as technology risks, emissions risks, etc.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6629", "words": "7773", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Mwakabole, Godfrey Charles; Gurmu, Argaw Tarekegn; Tivendale, Linda", "title": "Investigation of the challenges facing public-private partnership projects in Australia", "date": "2019", "keywords": "australia; case; challenges; chan; construction; contract; ewl; factors; government; infrastructure; nsw; partnership; ppp; project; public; success", "summary": "The National Public Private Partnership Guidelines (Commonwealth of Australia, 2008) policies and laws have been developed by the Australian Federal and State Governments to help people understand and run PPP projects successfully. However, none of the previous researchers have investigated why some PPP projects are not successful despite Australia\u2019s many years of experience in delivering PPP projects successfully.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6632", "words": "8794", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Oke, Ayodeji Emmanuel; O. Aghimien, Douglas; O. Aigbavboa, Clinton; I. Akinradewo, Opeoluwa", "title": "Appraisal of the drivers of smart city development in South Africa", "date": "2020", "keywords": "africa; building; cities; city; city development; construction; development; drivers; environment; et al; governance; mean; south; study; value", "summary": "Smart cities drivers and ICT : in search of relationships. Relationship between smart city drivers and socially inclusive societies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6646", "words": "8760", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Khanyile, Nokulunga S.M.; Musonda, Innocent; Agumba, Justus Ngala", "title": "Evaluating the relationship between communication management practices and project outcomes: a case study of Eswatini (Swaziland) construction industry", "date": "2019", "keywords": "analysis; communication; communication management; construction; factor; industry; information; management; management practices; outcome; practices; project; project outcome; relationship; study; technology", "summary": "Project communication: is key to productive construction and its research needs in the future of construction engineering and management. It can be then suggested that the three communication management practices in Eswatini construction projects are consistent with project team communication management practices in Italy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6647", "words": "9083", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Oke, Ayodeji Emmanuel; O. Aghimien, Douglas; I. Akinradewo, Opeoluwa; O. Aigbavboa, Clinton", "title": "Improving resilience of cities through smart city drivers", "date": "2020", "keywords": "africa; building; cities; citizens; city; city drivers; construction; development; drivers; food; influence; level; mis; resilience; respondents; security; south; study", "summary": "Respondents were chosen from professionals who have knowledge about smart cities and resilience cities within Gauteng province which include Contracts Managers, Project Managers, Town Planners, Quantity Surveyors, Civil Engineers, Architects, Data technicians (IT) and Electrical Engineers. Expected quality of life of smart city citizens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6649", "words": "7589", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Chaurasia, Sushil S.; Verma, Surabhi", "title": "Strategic determinants of big data analytics in the AEC sector: a multi-perspective framework", "date": "2020", "keywords": "adoption; aec; analytics; bda; bda adoption; construction; data; firms; framework; journal; management; model; support; technology; value; verma", "summary": "In contrary, compatibility was not found to be significant for BDA perceived strategic value in construction firms as well as construction service firms. The investigation combined the perceived strategic value of BDA with the TOE framework (technology, organization, and environment), to develop and test a holistic model on big data adoption.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6650", "words": "7862", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Boyle, Luke; Michell, Kathy", "title": "Key ingredients for a collaborative urban regeneration strategy in the Global South", "date": "2020", "keywords": "community; development; engagement; global; npc; organisation; process; regeneration; regeneration strategy; residents; south; strategy; urban", "summary": "This calls for the application of urban regeneration processes that are founded upon principles of collaborative governance. Attempting to conduct community engagement for a regeneration strategy at the same time as implementing a rental increase has created significant tension and distrust.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6657", "words": "11257", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Das, Dillip Kumar", "title": "Perspectives of smart cities in South Africa through applied systems analysis approach: a case of Bloemfontein", "date": "2020", "keywords": "africa; aspects; attributes; bloemfontein; cities; city; das; development; economic; economy; factors; feedback; governance; ict; mobility; performance; south; system; urban", "summary": "Perspectives of smart cities in South Africa through applied systems analysis approach: a case of Bloemfontein. php/AJCEB RESEARCH ARTICLE Perspectives of smart cities in South Africa through applied systems analysis approach: a case of Bloemfontein Dillip Kumar Das The Discipline of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Howard College, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6659", "words": "7217", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Br\u00f6chner, Jan; Silfwerbrand, Johan", "title": "Performance of performance specifications in design-build highway projects", "date": "2019", "keywords": "build; building; client; construction; contractor; design; economics; highway; maintenance; performance; performance requirements; performance specifications; projects; requirements; road; specifications; swedish", "summary": "During construction, a mix of performance and prescriptive requirement formulations is more of a challenge than clashes between performance requirements. There is sometimes a conflict between performance requirements for energy efficiency in housing and other requirements intended to secure health and safety of occupants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6667", "words": "9327", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Olanipekun, Ayokunle Olubunmi; Saka, Najimu", "title": "Response of the Nigerian construction sector to economic shocks ", "date": "2019", "keywords": "building; causality; construction economics; construction sector; development; economic; economy; exogeneity; gdp; growth; investment; journal; lcs; lgdp; nigerian; run; series; shocks; test; time", "summary": "The combined detrimental effect of these factors on construction sector investment is the unstable /volatile nature of construction sector demand (Hillebrandt 1988, 2000). Imperatives of economic fluctuations in the growth and performance of Nigeria construction sector.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6671", "words": "8650", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "S\u00f8rensen, Nils Lykke; Rasmussen, Freja Nygaard; \u00d8ien, Turid Borgestrand; Frandsen, Anne Kathrine", "title": "Holistic sustainability: advancing interdisciplinary building design through tools and data in Denmark", "date": "2020", "keywords": "building; building design; construction; data; design; design process; economics; figure; information; knowledge; level; parameters; phases; process; project; sustainability; tools", "summary": "Some were used as tools for dialogue in discussing sustainability with the client, others as design tools in processing pro\u2019s and con\u2019s based on qualities, parameters, and building elements. The conceptual frameworks of data and tools presented in this study can be used as a backdrop for developing sectoral initiatives to enable holistic decisions in the early stages of sustainable building design.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6679", "words": "7663", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Zalejska-Jonsson, Agnieszka; Muyingo, Henry", "title": "Building inspection in multi-dwelling housing and the perception of building quality", "date": "2019", "keywords": "agent; building; building inspection; construction; defects; developer; economics; housing; inspection; inspection process; perception; process; quality; tocs; trust", "summary": "This is followed by a section on the principal-agent perspective and the principal-agent relationships during housing building inspection in Sweden. FUNDING This research was funded by Swedish Energy Agency grant number 37518-1. 144 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v19i2.6679 https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v19i2.6679 https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB mailto:agnes.jonsson@abe.kth.se mailto:agnes.jonsson@abe.kth.se mailto:henry.muyingo%40abe.kth.se?subject= mailto:agnes.jonsson%40abe.kth.se?subject= http://10.5130/AJCEB.v19i2.6679 Keywords Quality, building inspection, trust, residential buildings, principal-agent Introduction The number of new multi-dwelling housing constructions labelled as energy efficient or low- energy by the developer is steadily rising in Sweden but studies show that in a number of cases the predicted energy performance of residential buildings before occupancy differs widely from the recorded energy performance (McElroy and Rosenow, 2019; De Wilde, 2014; Bagge and Johansson, 2013).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6692", "words": "10698", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Ekundayo, Damilola; Babatunde, Solomon Olusola; Ekundayo, Aisha; Perera, Srinath; Udeaja, Chika", "title": "Life cycle carbon emissions and comparative evaluation of selected open source UK embodied carbon counting tools", "date": "2019", "keywords": "building; carbon; carbon counting; carbon emissions; case; construction; counting tools; cradle; cycle carbon; ekundayo; element; embodied; energy; life; life cycle; materials; source; study; table; tools", "summary": "Hammond and Jones (2008a) regard these complexities and uncertainties to be the different boundary definitions, underlying assumptions, age of data, sources and rigour of original life-cycle assessments of embodied carbon tools. Further variances in embodied carbon tools causing disparity in their outputs include different units of measurement, the level of information required and provided, age, sources and the rigour of the underlying data.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6706", "words": "7787", "extension": ".htm", "flesch": "41", "author": "Batra, Sachin", "title": "Framework of Socialisation, Authentic Leadership and Affective Commitment for Construction Professionals", "date": "2020", "keywords": "affective; commitment; construction; factor; items; journal; leadership; management; measurement; model; organisation; project; research; socialisation; structure; study; taormina", "summary": "The scholars further theoretically supported that such interactions depended on the individual and organisational factors responsible for newcomers\u2019 attitude and behaviours towards work. Design and build project success factors: multivariate analysis.", "mime": "text/html"}, {"id": "ajceb-6721", "words": "7739", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Yembi Renault, Berenger; Agumba, Justus Ngala; Ansary, Nazee", "title": "Underlying structures of risk response measures among small and medium contractors in South Africa", "date": "2020", "keywords": "africa; building; construction; contractors; enterprises; management; measures; project; response; risk; risk response; small; smes; south; study", "summary": "Sections 1 to 4 reported respectively on basic information about the respondent and the company, project risks, obstacles to RM implementation, and RM practices. Trailing and leading measures should, consequently, be adopted to appraise and effectively manage project risks.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6730", "words": "7778", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "33", "author": "Okoro, Chioma Sylvia; Musonda, Innocent; Agumba, Justus Ngala", "title": "Validity and reliability of a transportation infrastructure sustainable performance framework: a study of transport projects in South Africa: A Study of Transport Projects in South Africa.", "date": "2019", "keywords": "building; construction; data; economics; factors; fit; infrastructure; model; performance; projects; reliability; south; study; sustainability; transportation; transportation infrastructure; validity; values", "summary": "The findings validated that a four-factor structure, with eleven variables, could adequately measure transportation infrastructure project sustainability (PS). Therefore, research on transportation infrastructure project sustainability is paramount in order to ensure that projects continue to deliver intended benefits to generations of users.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6735", "words": "7751", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "D.M, Taofeeq; A.Q, Adeleke; Ajibike W.A.", "title": "Human Factors Influencing Contractors' Risk Attitudes: A Case Study of the Malaysian Construction Industry ", "date": "2020", "keywords": "adeleke; building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; construction risk; contractors; factors; government; human; management; policy; risk attitudes; risk management; study; table; taofeeq", "summary": "Furthermore, the study of contractors\u2019 risk attitudes will represent a yardstick for providing a means of assessing construction risk management in the Malaysian construction companies. Bamgbade et al., (2018) found out that government policy (rules and regulations) plays a significant role in moderating the correlation between certain administrative internal factors and external factors in the designing of construction risk management in an organization.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6746", "words": "8085", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Peel, James; Ahmed, Vian; Saboor, Sara", "title": "An investigation of barriers and enablers to energy efficiency retrofitting of social housing in London", "date": "2020", "keywords": "barriers; building; construction; economics; efficiency; efficiency retrofitting; enablers; energy; energy efficiency; government; housing; london; retrofitting; sls; table; vol", "summary": "Therefore, this paper seeks to identify key barriers and enablers for social housing retrofitting as reported by literature. Methodological Steps A qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews and survey was used to identify the barriers and enablers for social housing retrofitting from the key stakeholders\u2019 point of view.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6750", "words": "8250", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Edison, J.C.; Singla, Harish Kumar", "title": "Development of a scale for factors causing delays in infrastructure projects in India", "date": "2020", "keywords": "building; causes; construction; construction projects; consultant; contractor; delays; design; economics; factors; india; infrastructure; management; projects; scale; site; study", "summary": "The overall results indicated that the financial factors are the most important among the major factors causing construction project delays in Ghana. The review of literature on project delays came across a series of remarkable empirical studies covering several countries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6802", "words": "8857", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "C, Vigneshkumar; Ravindra Salve, Urmi", "title": "A scientometric analysis and review of fall from height research in construction ", "date": "2020", "keywords": "analysis; building; construction; construction construction; doi; et al; fall; ffh; ffh research; height; journal; management; prevention; research; review; safety; studies; workers", "summary": "Some researchers covered multiple areas such as workers\u2019 safety behaviour (Kurien, et al., 2018), fall safety programs (Evanoff, et al., 2016) and safety culture (Kaskutas, et al., 2010) to enhance fall safety in the construction industry. In recent decades, researchers have started to adopt computer and information technology (CIT) such as Virtual Reality/Environment (VR/E), Building Information Modelling (BIM) and ontology to enhance fall safety in terms of hazards identification (Zhang, et al., 2015; Zhang, et al., 2013), monitoring (Navon and Kolton, 2007), knowledge-based system (Guo and Goh, 2017), etc.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6867", "words": "9389", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Oo, Bee Lan; Lim, Teck-Heng Benson; Feng, Siyu", "title": "Early career women in construction: Are their career expectations being met?", "date": "2020", "keywords": "career; career expectations; career women; choice; construction; construction industry; expectations; factors; industry; job; job satisfaction; mean; respondents; satisfaction; women; work", "summary": "These include: their transitions from university to the world of construction careers, their first job experience, the challenges they faced as newcomers, their career expectations and fulfillments, and their job satisfaction and job performance. However, an interesting finding from their study was that career counsellors were found more likely to direct young women, but not young men, to consider a construction career if counsellors personally knew someone in construction and had a better knowledge of construction careers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-6964", "words": "9203", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Aduwo, Egidario; Ibem, Eziyi; Afolabi, Adedeji; Oluwunmi, Adedamola; Tunji-Olayeni, Patience; Ayo-Vaughan, Emmanuel; Uwakonye, Uwakonye; Oni, Aderonke", "title": "Exploring anti-corruption capabilities of e-procurement in construction project delivery in Nigeria", "date": "2020", "keywords": "building; capabilities; construction; construction industry; construction procurement; construction project; corruption; delivery; information; nigeria; process; procurement; project delivery; research; study", "summary": "This suggests that e-Procurement use can help to address issues of poor documentation, record keeping and inability to trace payments which previous authors (Stansbury, 2005; Boyd and Padilla, 2009; Hardoon and Heinrich, 2011) had identified as Egidario et al Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 20, No. 1, March 202070 some of the issues that promote corruption in construction project delivery. This probably explains why the first of the five underlying dimensions of the capabilities of e-Procurement that reduce the incidences of corruption, identified in Table 5 is also related to the advantage of e-Procurement over the traditional paper-based method of construction procurement.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7000", "words": "8489", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Kamardeen, Imriyas; Samaratunga, Marini", "title": "DigiExplanation driven assignments for personalising learning in construction education", "date": "2020", "keywords": "agree; assessment; assignment; building; construction; digiexplanation; economics; education; knowledge; learning; media; model; students; work", "summary": "For example, continuous constructive feedback on project-based assignments is helpful in student learning, where the comments could be DigiExplanation driven assignments for personalising learning in construction education Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 20, No. 3, September 2020107 utilised in additional learning and in revising the original task. How may this approach be improved to further enhance student learning experience?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7015", "words": "8209", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Datta, Abhijnan ; Ninan, Johan; Sankaran, Shankar", "title": "4D visualization to bridge the knowing-doing gap in megaprojects: an Australian case study", "date": "2020", "keywords": "building; case; construction; economics; gap; information; journal; knowing; management; megaprojects; model; project; research; risk; safety; study; visualization", "summary": "There is a need for improving safety management practices in construction projects (Belayutham & Ibrahim, 2019). An evaluation of the applicability of 4D CAD on construction projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7035", "words": "7375", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Ruge, Gesa; Mackintosh, Lara", "title": "Facilitating reflective practice: developing built environment educators\u2019 capacity for teaching and learning", "date": "2020", "keywords": "building; development; education; environment; learning; philosophy; practice; professional; quality; reflection; research; skills; staff; teaching; workshops", "summary": "Reflecting on their current teaching philosophy and teaching practice, Theme 2) Constructing a personal teaching profile, Theme 3) Introduction HIGHER EDUCATION CONTEXT Internationalisation and digitisation of higher education teaching and learning has created global employment opportunities and mobility for academics and students alike (Hattingh et al., 2015).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7040", "words": "7974", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Tews, Tim; Skulmoski, Greg; Langston, Craig; Patching, Alan", "title": "Innovation in project management education - let\u2019s get serious!", "date": "2020", "keywords": "building; construction; economics; education; experience; games; gamification; journal; learning; management; management education; project; project management; research; simulation; students; study", "summary": "Applying Modelica tools to system dynamics-based learning games: project management game. Lessons learned from implementing project management games.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7056", "words": "10804", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Ullah, Fahim ; Sepasgozer, Samad; Tahmasebinia , Faham ; Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Sepasgozar, Saleh; Davis, Steven ", "title": "Examining the impact of students\u2019 attendance, sketching, visualization, and tutors experience on students\u2019 performance: a case of building structures course in construction management ", "date": "2020", "keywords": "attendance; average; building; construction; course; economics; education; engineering; experience; marks; performance; sketches; sketching; student attendance; student performance; students; study; tutors; visualization", "summary": "Similarly, Gershenson (2016) investigated the linkage among student attendance, student performance, and teaching quality in North Carolina for primary school students to highlight that attendance has substantial statistical relation with students\u2019 performance. According to Gershenson, Jacknowitz and Brannegan (2017), student attendance is an important but understudied aspect of the educational process.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7059", "words": "8336", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Zhang, Shang; Duan, Hongxia; Wei, Tingting; Shane, Galvin", "title": "A review of university-enterprise-cooperation research in China: a quantitative perspective", "date": "2020", "keywords": "china; chinese; construction; cooperation; development; education; engineering; industry; papers; practice; research; uec; universities; university", "summary": "On the other hand, with comparison to the large amount of UEC papers published in the same period, the 300 sample papers may not represent the overall status and development trend of UEC research in China. However, based on the best knowledge of the authors, no existing literature has conducted a quantitative statistical analysis on UEC research in Chinese and international journals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7061", "words": "8960", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Ahmadian Fard Fini, Alireza; Forsythe, Perry", "title": "Barriers to reusing and recycling office fit-out: an exploratory analysis of demolition processes and product features", "date": "2020", "keywords": "analysis; building; case; construction; cost; demolition; economics; features; fit; landfill; management; materials; office; office fit; processes; product; recycling; reuse; vol; waste", "summary": "A linguistic or numeric value shown on each arrow corresponds to the likelihood of that pathway for demolition wastes. Current practices of office stripout are found to be shaped mostly by economic decisions arising from the stripout process, cartage and drop off demolition waste.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7062", "words": "8359", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Smallwood, John; Allen, Chris", "title": "The impact of a first-year orientation team building exercise ", "date": "2020", "keywords": "ability; building activities; construction; extent; major; mss; participants; skills; students; team building", "summary": "Transition from High School to University: Perspectives of first year students at the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences. It is notable that relative to the seventeen skills the enhancement was between some extent to a near major / near major extent in the case of twelve (70.6%), which included the key skills in the form of team building, organising, motivating, oral communicating, coordinating, persuading, planning, leading, controlling, leadership, and decision making.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7119", "words": "7841", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Marisa, Amy; Yusof, Nor'Aini", "title": "Factors influencing the performance of architects in construction projects", "date": "2020", "keywords": "architects; building; condition; construction; design; economics; factors; influence; journal; management; performance; process; project; relationship; study; support; working", "summary": "The impact of incentive mechanisms on project performance. Clients\u2019 perceptions of architect performance on building projects in Ghana.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7121", "words": "7402", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Livesey, Peter Vincent", "title": "Further insights by project managers into the problems in project management", "date": "2020", "keywords": "agreeing; building; construction; economics; importance; international; journal; management; members; panel; panel members; problems; project; project management; research; team", "summary": "In round 6, the panel members were asked to rate the significance of reflection on both their career development and their ability to solve project problems as they developed. The significance of reflection on career development and the management of project problems Livesey Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 20, No. 4, December 2020142 Discussion ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT IDENTIFIED BY THE DELPHI PANEL Externally imposed salary caps As indicated in the panel\u2019s comments, this problem relates to the project manager not being able to attract suitably qualified team members due to salary caps being established on a basis other than a consideration of the potential contribution of the team member to the project\u2019s success.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7134", "words": "8409", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Paul, Christiana Ada; Aghimien, Douglas Omoregie; Ibrahim, Ahmed Doko; Ibrahim, Yahaya Makarfi", "title": "Measures for Curbing Unethical Practices among Construction Industry Professionals: Quantity Surveyors\u2019 Perspective ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "building; construction; construction industry; ethics; industry; issues; measures; oke; olatunji; practices; professionals; quantity; research; study", "summary": "UNETHICAL PRACTICES AMONG QUANTITY SURVEYORS In exploring the occurrence of unethical practices among QS in the study area, the result in Table\u00a03 revealed that 90% of the respondents (36) reported that they had witnessed at least a form of unethical practice in the cause of executing their professional duties. While several studies have explored issues touching on ethics, ethics compliance and unethical practices within the construction industry, the problems persist especially in developing countries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7145", "words": "10292", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "30", "author": "Akotia, Julius; Manu, Emmanuel; Opoku, Alex; Sackey, Enoch", "title": "The role of built environment practitioners in driving the socio-economic sustainability aspects of sustainable regeneration", "date": "2020", "keywords": "benefits; building; construction; development; drivers; organisations; practices; practitioners; principles; projects; promotion; regeneration; regeneration projects; requirements; socio; sustainability; sustainability principles", "summary": "While there is a rise in demand for higher sustainability benefits by stakeholders such as clients, communities and policy makers, the delivery of sustainability benefits from sustainability regeneration projects are yet to meet the expectations of these stakeholders. They were of the view that enhancing their reputations as \u2018sustainability organisation\u2019 was a means to continue to secure contracts from their potential clients who wanted such \u2018sustainability organisations\u2019 to bid for their projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7166", "words": "8717", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Abdul Latiff, Abdul Muhaimin ; Jaapar, Aini; Mat Isa, Che Maznah", "title": "Project governance practices in urban public housing projects: a case study of public housing in Malaysia", "date": "2020", "keywords": "building; case; construction; decision; governance; government; housing; housing project; jpn; malaysia; management; ppr; practices; project; project governance; public; stakeholders; study", "summary": "Besides that, mutual trust, empowerment, and collective decision making are elements of project governance that could be applied in the context of the positive interplay between project actors in public projects. A study by Musa et al. (2015) found the end- user involvement together with good project location and appropriate design significantly related to the success of public housing projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7170", "words": "9792", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "33", "author": "Ershadi, Mahmoud; Jefferies, Marcus; Davis, Peter ; Mojtahedi, Mohammad ", "title": "Achieving Sustainable Procurement in Construction Projects: The Pivotal Role of a Project Management Office", "date": "2021", "keywords": "analysis; construction; environmental; management; pmo; process; procurement; procurement process; project; requirements; research; role; sector; spm; study; suppliers; sustainability", "summary": "Sustainable procurement management (SPM) as a potential solution takes the environmental consequences of procurement decisions into account and integrates sustainable practices into project procurement to bring positive environmental outcomes. Sustainable procurement seeks Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the domain of project procurement (Walker, et al., 2012) and aims to address procurement needs in a way that value is generated not only for a company but also for the whole industry and economy (Benchekroun, Benmamoun and Hachimi, 2019).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7191", "words": "2289", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Opoku, Alex; Akotia, Julius", "title": "Special issue: urban regeneration for sustainable development ", "date": "2020", "keywords": "cities; city; construction; development; opoku; regeneration; sdg; sustainability", "summary": "Sustainable urban regeneration should deliver city DECLARATION OF CONFLICTING INTEREST Sustainable urban regeneration of historic city centres: lessons learnt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7239", "words": "9273", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Nguyen , Dinh Manh; Ding, Grace; Runeson, G\u00f6ran ", "title": "Energy and economic analysis of environmental upgrading of existing office buildings", "date": "2020", "keywords": "activities; buildings; case; co2; construction; cost; emissions; energy; energy consumption; energy efficiency; environment; office; office buildings; potential; savings; study; table; upgrading", "summary": "Energy and economic analysis of environmental upgrading of existing office buildings. Keywords: Energy upgrading, existing office buildings, energy efficiency, upgrading activities, economic analysis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7289", "words": "7105", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Fahri, Johan; Pollack, Julien; Kolar, Duro", "title": "Identifying success criteria at the post-handover stage for international development projects", "date": "2020", "keywords": "criteria; development; handover; international; management; new; outputs; project; project success; stage; study; success; success criteria; time", "summary": "First, project success criteria are defined by the \u201ctriangle virtue\u201d (iron triangle) that generally consists of time, cost, and quality. In addressing the question, this study aims to demonstrate the importance of time frame in assessing project success, particularly identifying the success criteria at the post- handover stages (outcome and impact stages).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7298", "words": "8782", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Sospeter, Nyamagere Gladys; Rwelamila, Pantaleo D; Gimbi, Joaquim G", "title": "Critical success factors for managing post-disaster reconstruction projects: the case of Angola", "date": "2020", "keywords": "angola; csfs; disaster; factors; management; managers; pdrps; planning; post; project; reconstruction; reconstruction projects; success; success factors", "summary": "Keywords: Angola, critical success factors, post-disaster reconstruction projects, project management and public projects. These factors should be used in decision making by key project Critical success factors for managing post-disaster reconstruction projects: the case of Angola Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 20, No. 3, September 202039 managers to improve efficiency and effectiveness in project delivery.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7359", "words": "7212", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Osuizugbo, Innocent Chigozie; Oyeyipo, Opeyemi Olanrewaju; Ojelabi, Rapheal Abiodun; Oshodi, Olalekan Shamsideen", "title": "Factors Inhibiting Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives Among Construction Companies", "date": "2021", "keywords": "construction; construction companies; csr; csr initiatives; expatriate; factors; implementation; initiatives; lack; management; nigeria; responsibility; study", "summary": "In Figure 2, ownership and management of construction companies and type of ownership of companies for most respondents\u2019 companies were found to be indigenous construction companies with 85% (101) and Osuizugbo, et al. Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 21, No. 1 March 202190 Figure 1. However, there are many factors discouraging construction companies to implement or establish a CSR plan.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7366", "words": "10112", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Skitmore, Martin; Xiong, Bo; Xia, Bo; Masrom, Asrul; Newton, Sidney ", "title": "Relationship between contractor satisfaction and project management performance", "date": "2020", "keywords": "building; construction; construction economics; contractor; contractor satisfaction; cpmp; doi; economics; effects; journal; management; model; performance; performance construction; project; project management; research; satisfaction; sem; variables; xiong", "summary": "Studies of construction project participant satisfaction have become increasingly prominent over the past decade, with a positive change in focus from individual performance to a greater emphasis on stakeholder interests (Toor and Ogunlana, 2010; Hosseini, Chileshe and Zillante, 2014; Ibiyemi et al., 2014; El-Sawalhi and Salah, 2015; Forsythe, 2015; Ujene and Edike, 2015; Andriof et al., 2017; Mok, Shen and Yang, 2017; Xio, Liu and Pang, 2019). Measuring construction project participant satisfaction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7410", "words": "2977", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Cooper-Cooke, Barry; Sutrisna, Monty; Olatunji, Oluwole Alfred", "title": "Innovation in the globalised world: educating future building professionals ", "date": "2020", "keywords": "building; construction; education; industry; innovation; learning; research; students; teaching", "summary": "Key influences on construction innovation. There has been much debate regarding the link between student attendance and performance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7420", "words": "12909", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Okoye, Peter Uchenna; Okolie, Kevin Chuks; Odesola, Isaac Abiodun", "title": "Risks of Implementing Sustainable Construction Practices in the Nigerian Building Industry", "date": "2022", "keywords": "building; building construction; construction; construction economics; construction industry; construction practices; construction projects; et al; green; hwang; impact; implementation; journal; level; management; nigeria; research; respondents; result; risk; risk factors; risk level; study; sustainability", "summary": "Global perception of sustainable construction project risks. Sustainable construction risk perceptions in the Kuwaiti construction industry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7453", "words": "8880", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Das, Dillip Kumar; Emuze, Fidelis", "title": "Design Delays in Building Projects in India: Effects and Remedies ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "building; building projects; challenges; construction; consultant; das; delay; design; factors; model; period; project; variables", "summary": "Similarly, the design-related factors that were the main cause of delay in building projects were: the complexity of project design (DI = 4.25); unclear and inadequate details in drawings (DI = 4.19); mistakes and discrepancies in design documents (DI = 4.15); and delay in the production of design documents (DI = 4.11) as shown in Table 2. Design related factors D1 The complexity of project design.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7482", "words": "10922", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Boadu, Elijah Frimpong; Wang, Cynthia Changxin; Sunindijo, Riza Yosia", "title": "Challenges for Occupational Health and Safety Enforcement in the Construction Industry in Ghana", "date": "2021", "keywords": "building; challenges; construction; construction industry; consultants; contractors; enforcement; enforcement institutions; ghana; government; health; industry; inspectors; institutions; journal; occupational; ohs; ohs enforcement; regulations; safety", "summary": "However, the challenges confronting OHS enforcement institutions have been underexamined. OHS enforcement institutions have an important role in enforcing OHS legislation in workplaces, providing advice and assisting to resolve H&S issues.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7501", "words": "11683", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Gurmu, Argaw ; Galluzzo, Anna ; Kite, John", "title": "Modelling Customers\u2019 Perception of the Quality of Services Provided by Builders: A Case of Victoria, Australia", "date": "2021", "keywords": "builders; building; construction; customer; ew s; integrity; model; quality; s s; satisfaction; service; vi ew; volume", "summary": "This equation is used to determine the score or rating which can be used to compare customers\u2019 satisfaction levels of small builders and volume builders. (1) Gurmu, et al. Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 21, No. 1 March 2021103 http://ProductReview.com.au In Equation 1, OR is an overall rating; SA is rating for site administration, nsa is the number of customers who provided reviews regarding site administration; CS is rating for customer service, ncs is the number of customers who provided reviews regarding customer service; T is rating for timeliness, nt is the number of customers who provided reviews regarding timeliness; SI is rating for structural integrity, nsi is the number of customers who provided reviews regarding structural integrity; PW is rating for plumbing and waterproofing, npw is the number of customers who provided reviews regarding plumbing and waterproofing; EL is rating for electrical and lighting, nel is the number of customers who provided reviews regarding electrical and lighting; F is rating for flooring, nf is the number of customers who provided reviews regarding flooring; and Tr is rating for transparency and ntr is the number of customers who provided reviews regarding customer service. Accordingly, structural integrity, flooring and customer service were found to be the top three factors for small builders.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7518", "words": "7723", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Lukhele, Themba; Botha, Brink; Mbanga, Sijekula", "title": "Exploring Project Complexity Relations to Scope Changes in Construction Projects: A Case Study of NEC Projects in South Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "building; changes; complexities; complexity; construction; construction projects; et al; management; nec; project; project complexity; scope; scope changes; study", "summary": "Against this background, this study seeks to explore the relations between project complexities and scope changes in construction projects, with an aim to provide possible precautions and preventive measures to minimize the occurrence of scope changes in construction projects. The three multiple-cases of construction projects were deemed relevant for the exploration of the relations of project complexities and scope changes because of its relatively new construction contract and unique system of change management procedures.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7521", "words": "8607", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Malesev, Simon; Cherry, Michael", "title": "Digital and Social Media Marketing - Growing Market Share for Construction SMEs ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "advertising; building; business; companies; competitors; construction; industry; marketing; marketing strategies; media; media marketing; research; respondents; smes; strategies", "summary": "However, most also noted that they pursued social media marketing strategies because everyone else was doing it. A number of respondents noted that social media marketing strategies were a function performed by staff in addition to their \u2018day jobs\u2019, with no dedicated staff hired for the role.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7526", "words": "11920", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Oo, Bee Lan; Lim, Benson Teck Heng", "title": "Changes in Job Situations for Women Workforce in Construction during the COVID-19 Pandemic ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "2020; building; career; changes; construction; covid-19; economics; hours; impacts; industry; job; june; lim; pandemic; respondents; time; women; work; working", "summary": "The COVID-19 outbreak in Australia and construction businesses As this exploratory study was conducted around six months into the COVID-19 pandemic, this review section highlights the key responses of the Australian government to the pandemic over this period. Construction businesses have had faced different challenges including cash flow and reduced demand for product or services due to the pandemic.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7559", "words": "12932", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Bajracharya, Arun; Ogunlana, Stephen ; Tan, Hai Chen; Cheng Siew, Goh ", "title": "Understanding the Performance of Construction Business: A Simulation-Based Experimental Study", "date": "2021", "keywords": "business; capacities; capacity; capital; cash; company; construction; construction business; effort; execution; growth; management; model; new; performance; pm&e capacity; po capacity; profit; projects; working", "summary": "In another set of the literature, construction business performance is generally investigated in terms of the causative factors that lead to failure or growth of business. In the process of company growth, efforts are needed in winning new projects and in the execution of ongoing projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7564", "words": "10959", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Dang, Chau Ngoc; Le-Hoai, Long; Peansupap, Vachara", "title": "Effect of Encouragement-based Management Mechanism on Construction Firms\u2019 Manpower Development: An Empirical Study from Vietnam ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "collaboration; construction; construction firms; dang; development; effect; emm; employees; encouragement; engineering; et al; incentives; journal; knowledge; learning; management; model; performance; project; size; study; vietnam", "summary": "This study attempts to investigate the relationship between encouragement-based management mechanism (EMM) and manpower development (MD) in construction firms and examine the moderating effect of firm size on this relationship by conducting bivariate Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses to analyse empirical data collected from 79 construction firms in Vietnam. The findings could provide construction firms in Vietnam, as well as other developing countries, with a better understanding of the effect of EMM on MD.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7593", "words": "7903", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Fehan, Hassan; Aigbogun, Osaro", "title": "Influence of Internal Organizational Factors and Institutional Pressures on Construction Firms' Performance", "date": "2021", "keywords": "construction; construction firm; effect; factors; firm; firm performance; journal; management; model; outcomes; performance; performance outcomes; pressures; relationship; research; study; table; value", "summary": "In that light, growing concern about the effect of certain internal organizational factors (leadership style, team competency and skills, and effective communication) on construction firm performance has reignited interest in the questions of various literature (Adeleke, Bahaudin and Kamaruddeen, 2017; Jin, 2018; Onana, 2018). Thus, this study evaluates the latent institutional pressures that can influence construction organizations performance and mediate the relationship between internal organizational factors and construction firm performance as shown in Figure\u00a01 with the developed hypothesis as follows: Effective Communication Team Competency and Skills Leadership Style Institutional Pressures Construction Firm Performance Figure\u00a01.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7609", "words": "8746", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Dodanwala, Tharindu; Shrestha, Pooja; Santoso, Djoen San", "title": "Role Conflict Related Job Stress among Construction Project Professionals: The Moderating Role of Age and Organization Tenure ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "age; conflict; construction; dodanwala; employees; job stress; journal; organization; project; role; role conflict; stress; study; tenure; work", "summary": "H3: Organization tenure moderates the effect of role conflict on job stress such that the effect of role conflict job stress is lower for employees with longer tenure. Specifically, the literature does not fully explain the positioning of age and organization tenure on the relationship between role conflict and job stress.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7628", "words": "10479", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Zighan, Saad; Abualqumboz, Moheeb", "title": "A Project Life-Cycle Readiness Approach to Manage Construction Waste in Jordan", "date": "2021", "keywords": "abualqumboz; building; causes; construction; construction project; construction waste; design; journal; lifecycle; materials; participants; phase; project; project lifecycle; project management; research; waste; waste management; waste minimization", "summary": "In 2016, the EU generated 2,538 million tons of waste, of which 25%- 30% was construction waste. In the UK alone, construction waste generated 66 million tons in 2016 (Government Statistical Service, 2019).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7634", "words": "9878", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Aghimien, Douglas Omoregie; Ikuabe, Matthew; Aigbavboa, Clinton; Oke, Ayodeji; Shirinda, Wealthy", "title": "Unravelling the Factors Influencing Construction Organisations\u2019 Intention to Adopt Big Data Analytics in South Africa ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "adoption; aghimien; bda; building; construction; construction industry; construction organisations; data; ejournal; factors; industry; influence; information; intention; organisations; study; technology; use", "summary": "While several studies have emerged on Big Data adoption, challenges, benefits and diffusion with other digital technologies within the construction industry (Bilal, et\u00a0al., 2016; Koseleva and Ropaite, 2017; Moynihan, et\u00a0al., 2017; Lu, et\u00a0al., 2018), not much as surfaced on the factors that might influence construction organisations intention to adopt this beneficial technology. To determine the factors with greater impact on construction organisations intention to adopt BDA, Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE), an application fuzzy set theory (Zhao, Hwang, and Gao, 2016), was adopted.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7638", "words": "10619", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Mossman, Alan; Sarhan, Saad", "title": "Synchronising Off-Site Fabrication with On-Site Production in Construction", "date": "2021", "keywords": "ballard; building; construction; delivery; economics; flow; jit; lps; management; materials; mossman; onsite; planning; process; production; project; research; sarhan; site; system; time; work", "summary": "Wan Amstel and Postulart (2017) reported that more than 15% of construction costs are transport related and \u201c30% of the commercial traffic in Dutch cities is for construction sites - more than 200,000 delivery vans and 20,000 trucks on a daily basis\u201d. As in the London research a decade earlier (e.g., Department for Trade and Industry, 2004; Peter Brett Associates, 2007), the results are significant: \u2022 nearly 70% fewer transport movements to construction sites (reducing vehicle movements improves road safety as well as reducing pollution (Davies and White 2015), \u2022 nearly 70% fewer CO2, NOX and particulate emissions, and \u2022 up to 40% higher productivity at the site \u2022 fewer complaints from people in the surrounding area (van Amstel and Postulart, 2017) \u2022 at least 7% less material losses and damage (Transport for London 2016, p.12) \u2022 3- 5% lower construction costs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7640", "words": "8289", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Power, William; Sinnott, Derek ; Lynch, Patrick", "title": "Evaluating the Efficacy of a Dedicated Last Planner\u00ae System Facilitator to Enhance Construction Productivity", "date": "2021", "keywords": "ballard; case; construction; daniel; facilitator; implementation; lps; lps facilitator; management; pasquire; planning; ppc; process; productivity; project; research; study; system", "summary": "This research evaluates how the presence of a dedicated knowledgeable and competent LPS Facilitator, enabling a complete LPS implementation, contributes to improved construction flow, efficiency, and productivity. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v21i3.7640 http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v21i3.7640 http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v21i3.7640 https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB mailto:willie.power@dpsgroupglobal.com mailto:dsinnott@wit.ie mailto:plynch@wit.ie mailto:willie.power@dpsgroupglobal.com http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v21i3.7640 a knowledgeable and competent LPS Facilitator appears to assist successful implementation of LPS with sectoral and societal value- add opportunities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7642", "words": "7407", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Stefa\u0144ska, Anna; Cygan, Marta; Batte, Kinga; Pietrzak, Joanna ", "title": "Application of Timber and Wood-based Materials in Architectural Design using Multi-objective Optimisation Tools", "date": "2021", "keywords": "building; construction; design; economics; ejournal; elements; engineering; fabrication; figure; material; optimisation; pavilion; research; stefa\u0144ska; structures; technologies; timber; use; weight; wood", "summary": "Multivariate optimisations serve to minimise the production time or the amount of used material and the applied technology. Applications of Timber and Wood- based Materials in Architectural Design using Multi- objective Optimisation Tools.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7643", "words": "10565", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Oo, Bee Lan; Lim, Teck Heng Benson; Zhang, Yixi", "title": "Women Workforce in Construction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Strategies ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "challenges; changes; construction; covid-19; economics; employment; hours; industry; job; pandemic; respondents; strategies; time; women; work; working", "summary": "These pandemic-related challenges are consistent with early evidence on the possible negative impacts of the pandemic on women workforce in terms of caring responsibilities, disruptions to working hours and paid work capacity, especially working mothers (e.g., Alon et al. 2020, Rapid Research Information Forum 2020; For example, the strategies of flexible working arrangements, breaking out work time and personal time and self-scheduling have been adopted by the respondents in response to challenges associated with changes in work location and working hours.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7647", "words": "9485", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Khalil, Aussama; Rathnasinghe, Akila Pramodh; Kulatunga, Udayangani", "title": "Challenges to the Implementation of Sustainable Construction Practices in Libya", "date": "2021", "keywords": "analysis; building; challenges; construction; construction industry; construction practices; costs; development; economics; green; implementation; industry; knowledge; libya; practices; sustainability; technologies", "summary": "However, applying sustainable construction practices, influenced by the knowledge and involvement of all individuals involved in the industry, will require a more in- depth understanding of the sustainability concept for successful application (Omardin, Abidin and Ali, 2015). Challenges related to finance It is widely recognised that some of the most significant and influential challenges in the implementation of sustainable construction practices are financial in nature.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7653", "words": "10311", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Aslam, Mughees; Gao, Zhili; Smith, Gary", "title": "Development of Lean Approaching Sustainability Tools (LAST) Matrix for Achieving Integrated Lean and Sustainable Construction ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "building; challenges; construction; construction industry; implementation; industry; lack; lc practices; management; practices; principles; process; sc challenges; sustainability; techniques; tools", "summary": "The main problem causing these constraints is that most SC practices are implemented without aligning with construction management processes (Sourani and Sohail, 2005). However, the existing literature is more inclined toward defining the integration between LC and sustainability through LC practices and techniques.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7655", "words": "11170", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Al-Hamadani, Sulala; Egbelakin, Temitope ; Sher, Willy ; Von Meding, Jason ", "title": "Drivers of Applying Ecological Modernization to Construction Waste Minimization in New South Wales Construction Industry ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "application; building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; construction waste; cwm; economics; environmental; et al; industry; journal; management; measures; mol; nsw; nsw construction; projects; role; stakeholders; study; waste; waste management", "summary": "Contractual obligations analysis for construction waste management\u00a0(Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia). Critical management measures contributing to construction waste management: Evidence from construction projects in China.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7657", "words": "9333", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Demirkesen, Sevilay; Sadikoglu, Emel; Jayamanne, Eshan", "title": "Assessing Psychological Safety in Lean Construction Projects in the United States", "date": "2021", "keywords": "construction; construction projects; construction safety; demirkesen; edmondson; employees; industry; interviewees; learning; management; projects; research; safety; studies; study; team", "summary": "In that sense, it can be proposed that psychological safety can promote construction safety through learning. Hypothesis 2: Psychological safety promotes construction safety through learning.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7660", "words": "11896", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Mat Isa, Siti Sarah ; Zainul Abidin, Nazirah", "title": "Eco-innovation Adoption in Malaysian Contractor Firms: Understanding the Components and Drivers", "date": "2021", "keywords": "adoption; construction; contractor; contractor firms; ecoinnovation; ei adoption; ei practices; ejournal; environmental; factors; firms; green; innovation; practices; process; product; study; technology", "summary": "Towards environmental sustainability adoption in construction firms : An empirical analysis of market orientation and organisational innovativeness impacts. The survey revealed that the level of EI adoption in contractor firms is still at a moderate pace.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7681", "words": "11238", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Ahmed, Vian; Saboor, Sara; Ahmed Almarzooqi , Fatima ; Ahmed Alshamsi , Hessa ; Abdalla Alketbi , Mariam; Ahmed Al marei , Fatema", "title": "A Comparative Study of Energy Performance in Educational Buildings in the UAE", "date": "2021", "keywords": "buildings; co2; construction; electricity; emission; energy; energy buildings; energy consumption; energy efficiency; energy performance; environment; figure; impact; study; uae", "summary": "These buildings have been defined by their adoption of advanced technologies and materials, which have allowed the Building Sector to reduce the burning of fossil fuels and generate energy from clean resources resulting in a positive impact on the environment and the decrease in GHG emissions, while leaning towards the development of more energy efficient buildings (Marszal, et\u00a0al., 2011). Energy Consumption and Sustainable buildings Sustainability and sustainable development have become essential concepts for the survival of Earth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7684", "words": "9529", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "J.S, Smitha; Thomas, Albert", "title": "Integrated Model and Index for Circular Economy in the Built-Environment in the Indian Context", "date": "2021", "keywords": "attributes; awareness; building; circularity; construction; construction materials; economics; economy; ejournal; environment; index; life; materials; potential; recycling; waste", "summary": "Sustainable management using recycle and reuse of construction waste materials in Malaysia.\u00a0 An index for measuring the circularity potential in construction materials is also proposed, based on attributes developed from literature review and analysis of questionnaire survey.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7688", "words": "10478", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Wandahl, Soren; P\u00e9rez, Christina T.; Salling, Stephanie ; Neve, Hasse H.; Lerche, Jon; Petersen, Steffen", "title": "The Impact of Construction Labour Productivity on the Renovation Wave", "date": "2021", "keywords": "building; case; construction; energy; implementation; methods; phase; productivity; renovation; research; table; time; units; wandahl; work", "summary": "The construction phase, A5, includes all processes carried out on- site from start to end of construction works, as well as the production, transportation, and management of site and construction waste (Moncaster and Symons, 2013). To further test Lean\u2019s ability to improve construction productivity, case 1 was closely examined.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7738", "words": "8617", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Langston, Craig; Crowley, Charles", "title": "Evaluation of Transportation Infrastructure: A Case Study of Gold Coast Light Rail Stage 1&2", "date": "2021", "keywords": "analysis; assessment; australia; benefits; building; construction; cost; criteria; economics; evaluation; infrastructure; mcdm; process; project; success; transport; transport infrastructure; vol", "summary": "Chi and Bunker (2020) further promote the utilisation of these methods for infrastructure project evaluation due to their capacity to incorporate economic and non-monetary decision criteria within the same assessment framework. Discussion MCDM offers improvement over other approaches to evaluating infrastructure projects as it is able to integrate the assessment of tangible values, based on BCR modelling and project delivery success, with the assessment of intangible values, based on project opportunities and threats, environment impact and end- user satisfaction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7829", "words": "13058", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Raja Mohd Noor, Raja Nor Husna ; Che Ibrahim, Che Khairil Izam; Belayutham, Sheila", "title": "Making Sense of Multi-Actor Social Collaboration in Building Information Modelling Level 2 Projects: A Case in Malaysia ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "actor; attributes; bim; bim level; bim project; building; collaboration; construction; engineering; et al; information; level; management; multi; order; practise; process; project; team; understanding; working", "summary": "Published:\u00a020/12/2021 Abstract Despite the diversity of thinking among the scholars on building information modelling (BIM) collaboration, there is a paucity of studies that capture the dimension of social collaboration in BIM projects. This study attempts to develop a comprehensive understanding on the key attributes of multi-actor social collaboration in BIM projects through the experience of practitioners in BIM-Level 2 construction project.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7835", "words": "11896", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Yap, Jeffrey Boon Hui; Hew, Queennie Lip Tin; Skitmore, Martin", "title": "Student Learning Experiences in Higher Education: Investigating a Quantity Surveying Programme in Malaysia ", "date": "2022", "keywords": "attributes; building; construction; course; economics; education; experiences; factor; journal; learning; lecturer; programme; quality; satisfaction; services; students; teaching; year; \u221a \u221a", "summary": "Lo ur en \u00e7o , 2 01 8) (G ha za l, A l- S am ar ra ie a nd A ld ow ah , 2 01 8) (J er eb , J er eb ic a nd U rh , 2 01 8) (A ra m be w el a an d H al l 2 01 3) (V el a et a l. 20 16 ) (M ar ti ro sy an e t a l. 20 14 ) (T si ni do u, G er og ia nn is a nd F it si lis , 2 01 0) (A sh ra f, O sm an a nd R at an , 2 01 6) (F aj \u010d\u00ed ko v\u00e1 a nd U rb an co v\u00e1 , 2 01 9) (C lo ss , M ah at a nd Im m s, 2 02 1) A Course factor A1 Course content \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a A2 Programme flexibility \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a A3 Activities and workshop availability \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a A4 Quality of study material \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a A5 Counselling services \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a \u221a B In another study, Siming, Gao and Xu, (2015) collected a sample of 200 students to observe that student learning experiences are enormously influenced by how much the lecturer prepares and assembles before conveying the lecture.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7842", "words": "11304", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Ajibike, Waliu Adeniyi; Adeleke, Adekunle Qudus ; Muuka, Gerry Nkombo ; Bamgbade, Jibril Adewale; Darun, Mohd Ridzuan ; Moshood, Taofeeq Durojaye ", "title": "Impact of Oil and Gas Internal Risk Factors on Project Success: Moderating role of Government Support", "date": "2022", "keywords": "building; construction; construction projects; design; economics; et al; gas; gas construction; government; international; journal; management; material; oil; project; project management; project success; research; result; risk; risk factors; risk management; study; success; support", "summary": "Evolutive Risk Breakdown Structure for managing construction project risks: application to a railway project in Algeria. Project management success involves achieving project management objectives, while product success is about achieving overall project objectives (Young, 2016).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7854", "words": "5675", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Sarhan, Saad; Pretlove, Stephen", "title": "Lean and Sustainable Construction: State of the Art and Future Directions", "date": "2021", "keywords": "building; challenges; construction; design; energy; issue; production; sarhan; sector; study; sustainability", "summary": "Toward a holistic view on lean sustainable construction: A literature review. Lean construction, building information modelling and sustainability, ERACOBUILD Workshop, Malm\u00f6, Sweden, pp.1- 8.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7858", "words": "11648", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "AlMunifi, Abdullatif A.; Almutairi, Saud", "title": "Lessons Learned Framework for Efficient Delivery of Construction Projects in Saudi Arabia", "date": "2021", "keywords": "almunifi; almutairi; building; case; construction; construction economics; construction projects; december; design; economics; engineering; findings; journal; management; project; project management; research; saudi; success; team; time; vol", "summary": "The proliferation of construction projects post-2000 according to Mitra and Wee Kwan Tan (2012) has seen an explosion in non-standard, ad hoc methods and tools being used in construction. To address and tackle the chronic issues that adversely impact the performance of construction projects in the KSA, we pose the following questions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7909", "words": "12084", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Mustaffa, Nur Kamaliah; Mat Isa, Che Maznah ; Ekundayo, Damilola; Joseph, Verona Ramas Anak", "title": "Barriers and Strategies for Improving Carbon Emissions Management Approaches in Malaysian Construction", "date": "2022", "keywords": "building; carbon; carbon emissions; construction; construction economics; construction emissions; construction industry; construction projects; data; emissions; emissions management; energy; government; green; industry; information; journal; malaysia; materials; mustaffa; project; research; september; site; strategies; study; technology; vol", "summary": "The following is the structure of the paper: the first section provides a literature review of the previous study on construction emissions. Various measures have been undertaken to reduce construction emissions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-7936", "words": "15004", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Malla, Vijayeta; Delhi, Venkata Santosh Kumar", "title": "Determining Interconnectedness of Barriers to Interface Management in Large Construction Projects", "date": "2022", "keywords": "barriers; building; construction; construction economics; construction management; construction projects; design; economics; engineering; et al; experts; hammad; implementation; interface; interface management; international; ism; issues; journal; june; malla; management; matrix; micmac; model; project; project management; research; stakeholders; study; table; vol", "summary": "However, IM's successful implementation entails the identification of interdependencies and structuring between IM barriers, as well as revealing the most driving and dependent Malla and Delhi Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 22, No. 2 June 202270 power among these barriers. The presence of a varied number of IM barriers poses difficulty in the successful implementation of IM.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8012", "words": "9265", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Yousif, Omar; Zakaria, Rozana", "title": "A Framework for Integrating Green Highway Performance Data with the Carbon Footprint Calculator in Malaysia", "date": "2022", "keywords": "assessment; carbon; construction; data; data integration; decision; framework; green; green highway; highway; information; making; malaysia; management; myghi; performance; project; research; system; yousif; zakaria", "summary": "This process has proven its suitability for highway data integration from case studies in the United State of America (USA) (Woldesenbet, Jeong and Park, 2016). It has the power to manage highway data efficiently and has the potential to further reduce energy and carbon emissions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8015", "words": "7881", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Oke, Ayodeji ; Atofarati, John; Bello, Sherifat", "title": "Awareness of 3D Printing for Sustainable Construction in an Emerging Economy", "date": "2022", "keywords": "3d printing; awareness; building; concrete; construction; construction industry; economics; et al; industry; oke; printing; professionals; research; respondents; table; technology", "summary": "The study reveals that the professionals in the construction industry of the emerging economy have low awareness of 3D printing technology, therefore its practices in the construction industry of the study area are significantly low. More awareness of 3D printing technology should be raised by bodies shouldered with management and regulation of the construction industry to increase professionals' DECLARATION OF CONFLICTING INTEREST", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8050", "words": "16277", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "D. Moshood, Taofeeq; Ebun Rotimi, Funmilayo; O.B. Rotimi, James", "title": "An Integrated Paradigm for Managing Efficient Knowledge Transfer: Towards a More Comprehensive Philosophy of Transferring Knowledge in the Construction Industry", "date": "2022", "keywords": "building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; culture; cummings; economics; et al; industry; information; information transfer; international; journal; knowledge management; knowledge sharing; knowledge transfer; model; moshood; new; organisations; people; process; project; research; result; review; september; study; tacit; teng; vol", "summary": "The study contributed significantly to the impression of knowledge transfer by the construction industry. Goh (2002) asserts that knowledge transfer and the ability of organisations to share information are crucial in knowledge management.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8052", "words": "11771", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Manivannan , J; Loganathan, Santhosh; T J, Kamalanabhan ; N. Kalidindi, Satyanarayana ", "title": "Investigating the Relationship between Occupational Stress and Work-Life Balance among Indian Construction Professionals ", "date": "2022", "keywords": "construction; construction industry; construction professionals; economics; industry; job; life; life balance; management; nature; occupational; organisation; professionals; relationship; stress; stressors; study; time; work; work life", "summary": "Exploratory Factor Analysis for Work life Balance Scale Work Life Balance scale Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 Component 4 I struggle trying to juggle both my work and non-work responsibilities 0.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I feel overwhelmed when I try to balance my work and personal life 0.6 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I have difficulty scheduling vacation time because of my workload 0.8 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I am unable to relax at home because I am preoccupied with my work 0.8 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I am not happy with the amount of time I spend doing activities not related to work \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I often have to make difficult choices between my work and my personal life 0.8 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I have to put aspects of my personal life on hold because of my work 0.9 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I am not able to accomplish what I want in both in my personal and work life 0.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I often neglect my personal needs because of the demands of my work 0.8 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Work stress has been widely linked with adverse effects on employees\u2019 psychological and physical well-being in many occupations (Kinman and Jones, 2005).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8064", "words": "11447", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Ibrahim, Farah Salwati ; Esa, Muneera; Mustafa Kamal, Ernawati ", "title": "Strategies to Minimise the Impact of COVID-19 on the Construction Industry: A Case Study of Construction Site Clusters in Malaysia", "date": "2022", "keywords": "building; case; clusters; construction; construction industry; construction site; covid-19; factors; health; industry; malaysia; management; number; pandemic; site; sop; spread; strategies; study; workers", "summary": "The three strategies are to raise awareness and understanding regarding COVID-19 and the SOP among the construction site workers; to build a proper CLQ or a proper housing facility with adequate utilities and comfort for construction site workers, complete with an isolation centre; and to rearrange the work schedule and workers on-site (work planning and human resource management). Building Information Modelling (BIM), drones, GPS, real-time virtual reality, and remote cameras are all examples of technological interventions that can be used to reduce physical interaction among construction workers during a pandemic.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8078", "words": "6902", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Schnell, Peter", "title": "Examination of the Communication Strategy Based on Company Straplines: A Case Study of German Construction Companies", "date": "2022", "keywords": "amplifier; archetypes; assertion; building; communication; companies; company; construction; december; der; economics; friend; ger; industry; marketing; mentor; model; mother; schnell; strapline; vol", "summary": "Construction companies are currently facing increasing business rivalry (Welter and Luban, 2022). Thus, the brand character of construction companies is rather shaped by the communication strategy of the companies than by the created buildings.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8091", "words": "9873", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Pramudya, Andreas; Wibowo, Andreas", "title": "Ranking Risks of BOT Toll Road Investment Projects in Indonesia Using Fuzzy Interpretive Structural Modelling", "date": "2022", "keywords": "bot; construction; economics; events; indonesia; infrastructure; journal; land; management; partnership; ppp; projects; public; risk; risk events; road; sector; toll; wibowo", "summary": "This failure can be attributed to the nature of toll road investment, which frequently involves a multitude of project risks; this is especially prevalent in BOT projects due to the long-term nature of the agreement, as risks can occur at any stage and jeopardize the project\u2019s sustainability. Every major capital investment project entails a plethora of project risks.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8105", "words": "12127", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Christermaller, Fazlynna; Che Ibrahim, Che Khairil Izam; Manu, Patrick; Belayutham, Sheila; Mahamadu, Abdul-Majeed; Yunusa-Kaltungo, Akilu", "title": "Implementation of Design for Safety (DfS) in Construction in Developing Countries: A Study of Designers in Malaysia", "date": "2022", "keywords": "construction; design; designers; dfs; dfs implementation; dfs practices; education; engagement; et al; health; high; industry; malaysia; respondents; safety; table; test; training; years", "summary": "This study extends the implementation of DfS practice in developing countries in the context of showing how having DfS-related institutional drivers and initiatives could facilitate DfS implementation and practice. While this outcome does not necessarily mean that these items are not important at all to DfS implementation, it rather suggests that there may be other more dominant factors that affect the implementation of DfS practices among designers in Malaysia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8111", "words": "1901", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "O'Leary, Timothy", "title": "Contract Administration for Construction Professionals", "date": "2022", "keywords": "book; building; construction; contract; forms; law", "summary": "While most construction contract administrators and project managers may never work with all forms of contracting this book covers, this book provides both students contemplating a career in this area and existing professionals practising construction contract administration with the essential content and knowledge to do so. The blending of this experience provides insightful commentary, reliable instruction and thorough analysis across the terms and operation of construction contracts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8136", "words": "11228", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Boadu, Elijah Frimpong; Sunindijo, Riza Yosia; Wang, Cynthia Changxin; Frimpong, Samuel Yaw", "title": "Health and Safety Integration into the Procurement Stages of Public Construction Projects in Developing Countries: A Case of Ghana", "date": "2022", "keywords": "boadu; building; clients; conditions; construction; construction procurement; contract; countries; economics; evaluation; ghana; h&s; health; procurement; projects; public; research; safety; stage; sunindijo", "summary": "The critical leadership role of public sector clients in incorporating H&S requirements into the procurement of public construction projects has been emphasised (Lingard, Wakefield and Walker, 2020). These limitations notwithstanding, this study provides a strong basis for understanding the practices and constraints affecting the extent of H&S integration at each stage of procurement for public construction projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8146", "words": "9703", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Annunen, Petteri; Haapasalo, Harri", "title": "Production Capability Creation (PCC) for Collaborative Construction Projects \u2013 A Qualitative Study From Finland", "date": "2022", "keywords": "building; capability; company; construction; creation; design; design phase; economics; haapasalo; journal; management; pcc; phase; process; production; project", "summary": "After describing the research process, the main challenges of production and the findings on the preplanning elements of the design phase of collaborative construction projects are presented (RQ1). The production challenges that require preplanning in the design phase to ensure an efficient production phase, were depicted in an analysis of construction project stakeholders.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8157", "words": "8989", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Khan , Asadullah ; Ali Khan , Muhammad Waris ; Sorooshian, Shahryar; Ullah, Mehfooz ; Rana, Faisal ", "title": "The Mediating Role of Benefit Management for Sustaining the Performance of Infrastructure Projects", "date": "2022", "keywords": "construction; governance; khan; management; path; performance; project; project management; relationship; study", "summary": "Project benefit management: A conceptual framework of target benefit formulation. Likewise, PMI (2016) also recommended BM as a positive practice for project management performance and project investment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8161", "words": "10680", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Tjandra, Kenny Davidlie; Irawan, Francisco Galileo; Nugraha, Paul; Sunindijo, Riza Yosia", "title": "Drone Readiness in the Indonesian Construction Industry", "date": "2022", "keywords": "barriers; building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; construction practitioners; consultant; design; drone; drone technology; indonesia; interest; journal; level; rank; research; table; technology; understanding; use; utilisation", "summary": "Drone technology is seen as a disruptive, game- changing technology that has the potential to improve performance across all construction phases. However, despite the size of the country and its rapidly growing construction industry, research on drone technology in the Indonesian construction industry is limited.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8163", "words": "11414", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Dom\u00ednguez-Herrera, Marta M\u00aa; Gonz\u00e1lez-Morales, Olga; Gonz\u00e1lez-D\u00edaz, Eduardo", "title": "Social Responsibility of Construction Company as Strategy for Sustainability in Island Territories", "date": "2023", "keywords": "actions; aspects; building; companies; construction; construction sector; csr; dom\u00ednguez; factor; group; herrera; ith; responsibility; sector; social; strategy; sustainability", "summary": "Darko, et al. (2019) reviewed the practices adopted by the stakeholders of construction companies in countries such as the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, India and China, and confirmed that, at the end of the 20th century, the construction sector took CSR into account and, as the socio- environmentally responsible vision spreads, the interest of the agents involved in the construction process and of the researchers in the sector grows. The methodology employed in this research has also been used by Zhang, Oo and Lim (2022), who identify and classify the practices and perceived benefits of CSR in construction companies using an online questionnaire and subsequently analyses the perception of CSR through the social networks of these companies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8180", "words": "8943", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Le, An Thi Hoai; Domingo, Niluka; MacGregor, Casimir; Potangaroa, Regan ", "title": "Conceptualising a Framework for Construction Sector Capacity", "date": "2022", "keywords": "building; capacity; capacity development; capacity framework; construction; construction capacity; construction sector; development; et al; framework; journal; level; literature; management; project; research; sector; sector capacity", "summary": "A set of keywords were used to discover the first set of publications that reflect the levels of capacity in the construction sector and their attributes, including individual capacity, organisational capacity, sector capacity, industry capacity and construction capacity. The present research does not seek to provide an exhaustive literature review on capacity definitions but rather aims to discover different levels and attributes of construction sector capacity allowing us to develop a comprehensive assessment model for all aspects of the construction sector capacity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8184", "words": "8632", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Gajanayake, Akvan; Iyer-Raniga, Usha", "title": "Infrastructure Financing for Climate Change Adaptation in Australia: Practitioners\u2019 Perspectives", "date": "2022", "keywords": "adaptation; australia; building; change; climate; climate adaptation; climate change; construction; economics; finance; financing; gajanayake; government; infrastructure; infrastructure adaptation; mitigation; participants; research; sector", "summary": "Exploratory interviews with infrastructure and finance practitioners from a broad range of organisations were conducted to understand the dynamics of how infrastructure adaptation occurs. In this light, it is vital to understand the interplay between these factors and the intricacies that play a role in financing infrastructure adaptation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8315", "words": "10586", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Lucas, Jason; Gajjar, Dhaval; Loadholt, Georgia; Davis, David", "title": "Roofing Distributor Employee Perception: Workforce Attraction/Retention and Need ", "date": "2023", "keywords": "attraction; compensation; construction; degree; distribution; education; experience; factors; industry; job; journal; professionals; respondents; retention; roofing; satisfaction; workers; workforce; yearly", "summary": "This study collected data via survey and analysed current workforce satisfaction, attraction, retention factors, and demographics of various roofing distributor companies. Given these factors influence industry attraction, they are essential to analyse to attract the younger workforce.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8390", "words": "10836", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Debs, Luciana; Hubbard, Bryan", "title": "Gathering and disseminating lessons learned in construction companies to support knowledge management", "date": "2023", "keywords": "aec; companies; company; construction; evaluations; industry; information; knowledge; lessons; management; participants; post; procedures; project; research", "summary": "Management of project knowledge and experiences.\u00a0 Development of a methodology for live capture and reuse of project knowledge in construction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8394", "words": "10510", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Chiponde, Danstan; Gledson, Barry ; Greenwood, David", "title": "The Institutional Field Of Learning From Project-Related Failures \u2013 Opportunities and Challenges.", "date": "2024", "keywords": "boundary; construction; failures; field; influence; institutional; journal; knowledge; learning; lessons; management; organisations; participant; parties; pbos; project; project management; sector", "summary": "However, this study encourages a balanced perception of project failure as provided by Participant 4 \u201c\u2026.a project which has not met the requirements [and] expectations of a client, and you also as an organisation [contractor] in terms of the profit\u201d. This demonstrates the influence of institutions and how project failure is perceived and measured subjectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8404", "words": "9707", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Ryandika; Meifrinaldi; Pribadi, Krishna Suryanto; Martek, Igor; Chan, Toong Khuan", "title": "Inequality and vulnerability of informal employment during the pandemic ", "date": "2023", "keywords": "building; construction; construction industry; construction workers; covid-19; cuts; employment; health; indonesia; industry; p(\u03c72\u2265; pandemic; project; reject; survey; workers", "summary": "Informal construction workers were farmers who left their fields to look for jobs in the city after completing their harvests and when construction work was over, return to their villages to farm again (Soemardi and Pribadi, 2018). The findings indicate that informal workers were not more vulnerable than formal workers, as they were not targeted for wage reductions or benefit cuts during the pandemic.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8417", "words": "8503", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Lindhard, S\u00f8ren", "title": "Danish contractor\u2019s application of the budget: Identifying purpose and comparing the budgets application level across job-position", "date": "2024", "keywords": "application; budget; communication; construction; contractors; control; coordination; correlation; cost; economics; journal; level; lindhard; management; performance; planning; project; purposes", "summary": "Model for construction budget performance \u2013 neural network approach. The new insights to budget application are highly relevant for construction professionals carrying out cost- management.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8441", "words": "13491", "extension": ".htm", "flesch": "51", "author": "Uddin, S M Jamil; Albert, Alex; Pradhananga, Nipesh ; Ganapati, Nazife Emel ; Prajapati, Jeetendra ", "title": "Health and Safety Challenges Among Post-Disaster Reconstruction Workers", "date": "2023", "keywords": "disaster; earthquake; efforts; hazards; health; management; nepal; participants; pdr; people; post; reconstruction; reconstruction workers; recovery; research; safety; safety challenges; safety equipment; safety training; study; training; workers; workers health", "summary": "Although construction workers health and safety has been a topic an interest for the scholars for many years now, the health and safety of reconstruction workers have failed to gain much attention. Also, the study opens a door for future research efforts on reconstruction workers health and safety.", "mime": "text/html"}, {"id": "ajceb-8471", "words": "14223", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Lahdenper\u00e4, Pertti", "title": "Design\u2013build with a development phase: An initiation and the first trials", "date": "2024", "keywords": "alterations; approach; assessment; build; building; construction; contract; dbd; design; development; development phase; economics; journal; lahdenper\u00e4; management; owner; phase; procedure; project; realization; research; road; selection; solution", "summary": "It is also necessary to reserve time for project development both in terms of the project process and resource allocation. This is why a group of public infrastructure owners and contractors (and the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland as a consultant) launched a joint project to search for possibilities to improve the performance of DB projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8532", "words": "9195", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Suriyanon, Natee; Sutheerawatthana, Pitch; Kaewmoracharoen, Manop; Klansai, Veera", "title": "The utility and value of contract terms: a case study on interior contractors", "date": "2023", "keywords": "advance; condition; construction; contract; contract term; payment; payment term; period; price condition; project price; proposal; term; utility; value", "summary": "Contract term values and its cumulative population The value of the period to make a payment term to the interior contractor ranges from 2.00\u201311.67 % of the proposed price, the average value being 3.78% of it. The Utility and Value of Contract Terms: A Case Study on Interior Contractors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8617", "words": "12389", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Asadi, Ramin; Wilkinson, Suzanne ; Rotimi , James", "title": "Mixed-method approach to the evaluation of rework provisions within general contract conditions", "date": "2023", "keywords": "asadi; building; causes; claims; conditions; construction; contract; contract clauses; contract conditions; design; journal; management; material; nzs3910; projects; provisions; rework; rework causes; survey", "summary": "Therefore, a list of rework causes from the literature is used in this study to investigate rework clauses and identify the relevant provisions in the general contract conditions. Cost management in construction projects rework and its effects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8625", "words": "8108", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Mahmud, Abba; Ogunlana, Stephen O.; Hong, W.T. ; Yahaya, Ibrahim Wuni; Akoh, Sani Rueben ", "title": "Adopting Qualitative Data in Conceptual System Dynamic Modelling: A Focus on Road Infrastructure Projects in Nigeria", "date": "2023", "keywords": "analysis; approach; causal; codes; coding; data; process; projects; qualitative; relationships; table; themes", "summary": "Nevertheless, a structured and systematic interview and data analysis process is imperative. The process begins with coding individual data items from all stakeholder groups to define the problem and establish the system\u2019s boundary, generate codes and have a preliminary idea of the potential themes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8636", "words": "8790", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Al-Omari, Rawan; Sweis, Ghaleb; Abu-Khader, Waleed; Sweis, Rateb", "title": "Barriers to the Adoption of Digitalization in the Construction Industry: Perspectives of Owners, Consultants, and Contractors", "date": "2023", "keywords": "adoption; barriers; construction; construction industry; construction project; data; digitalization; digitalization barriers; et al; factors; management; project; research; software; studies; study", "summary": "DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RESPONDENTS ON DIGITALIZATION BARRIERS IN THE CONSTRUCTION Data normality was verified using the Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov, and Shapiro\u2013Wilk tests in the SPSS software to measure the differences between respondents on digitalization barriers in construction. The inefficiency of training systems associated with the use of digitalization software barrier got the highest percentage in frequency.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8642", "words": "7936", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Fuentes-del-Burgo, Joaquin; Ruiz Fernandez, Juan Pedro; Navarro-Astor, Elena", "title": "Kanban applied to construction: a literature review", "date": "2024", "keywords": "bim; building; construction; economics; engineering; et al; industry; information; international; journal; kanban; kanban system; literature; management; production; project; research; review; system; work", "summary": "Furthermore, visualisation is a fundamental element in Lean and BIM (Bi and Jia, 2016) and, in turn, visual management with Kanban systems improves communication between stakeholders (Guerriero, et al., 2017). The progressive implementation of BIM in the construction sector may encourage the perception of Kanban systems as useful tools.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8660", "words": "9233", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Barajei, Chelteau; Kusi, Elijah; Ackon, Frank; Osman, Abdul Manaan ; Mohammed, Abdul Muhsin Zambang; Simpeh, Frederick; Gyimah, Francis", "title": "Success Factors of the Consultant Selection Stage of the Ghanaian Public Construction Projects: The Road Sector\u2019s Perspective", "date": "2024", "keywords": "barajei; building; construction; construction projects; consultant; csfs; damoah; et al; factors; ghana; journal; management; phase; procurement; project; project management; public; road; road construction; selection; study; success", "summary": "144 https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v24i1/2.8660 https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v24i1/2.8660 https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB mailto:chelteau@yahoo.com https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v24i1/2.8660 them as a guide to improve the effective and efficient delivery of public road construction projects. However, few studies have examined the effects of critical success factors (CSFs) on public road construction projects in poor countries (Damoah, Ayakwa and Twum, 2022; Barajei, et al., 2023).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8680", "words": "10983", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Weerasuriya, G. Thilini; Perera, Srinath; Calheiros, Rodrigo N.", "title": "Technological imperatives for issues in certification of quality, progress, and payments in construction projects: A systematic review", "date": "2025", "keywords": "bim; blockchain; building; certification; construction; construction economics; construction industry; construction projects; contracts; data; defects; delays; economics; engineering; et al; industry; issues; journal; management; payment; progress; project; quality; review", "summary": "Construction payment automation using blockchain-enabled smart contracts and robotic reality capture technologies. Managing construction payments through blockchain is proposed by several researchers to provide immutability.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8707", "words": "1355", "extension": ".htm", "flesch": "45", "author": "Brewer, Graham", "title": "Editorial Construction Economics and Building; A Rare Breed with Fine Pedigree", "date": "2023", "keywords": "ceb; construction; economics", "summary": "Whilst the discipline of construction management has arguably existed for 60 or more years, it is only in recent years that the number of associated quality academic journals has risen much above a handful. The last 20 years have seen something of a revolution in the way academic journals are published and distributed, with the decline of the printed hard copy and the rise of e-journals.", "mime": "text/html"}, {"id": "ajceb-8710", "words": "12993", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Khan, Irfan Haider; Munawer, Taiyaba ", "title": "A Systematic Review of Economic Sustainability of Vertical Greenery Systems for Buildings", "date": "2024", "keywords": "benefits; building; climate; costs; et al; facades; green; huang; indirect; journal; lifecycle; living; maintenance; perini; rosasco; studies; systems; vgs; wall", "summary": "While the benefit-cost (BC) ratio has not been reported in most studies, it has been calculated based on reported costs and benefits. The initial costs for direct green facades vary between \u20ac30/m2 and \u20ac45/m2 (Perini and Rosasco, 2013; Santi, et al., 2019), whereas indirect green facade costs are in the range of \u20ac38.58/m2 (\u00a5290/m2, Dong and Huang, 2021) up to \u20ac335.48/m2 (Rosasco and Perini, 2018).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8711", "words": "2702", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "33", "author": "Brewer, Graham", "title": "Lights under a Bushel: a digest of highly cited papers from Construction Economics and Building", "date": "2023", "keywords": "australia; bim; building; construction; economics; factors; implementation; industry; university", "summary": "The results will help benchmark the current state of lean construction implementation, which will enable the construction industry to identify strategies to implement lean construction in Saudi Arabia in accordance with their needs and project goals, to achieve better productivity. This study therefore investigates the current state of lean construction implementation in the construction industry in the KSA.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8738", "words": "10777", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Laishram, Boeing; Sood, Rhijul", "title": "Challenges in Implementation of 7D-BIM for Infrastructure Asset Management: A Systematic Review", "date": "2024", "keywords": "asset; asset management; bim; bim implementation; building; challenges; construction; data; engineering; et al; facilities; factors; implementation; information; infraam; journal; management; project; research; review; study; success", "summary": "Critical Challenges Affecting BIM Implementation for IAM Critical Challenges Sub-Challenges Papers Technical based (CC1) Complexity of BIM tools (CC1.1) (Gu and London, 2010), (Becerik- Gerber, et al., 2012), (Volk, Stengel and Schultmann, 2014), (Ramilo and Embi, 2014), (McArthur, 2015), (Corry, et al., 2014), (Mahalingam, Yadav and Varaprasad, 2015), (Son, Lee and Kim, 2015), (Kassem, et al., 2015), (Naghshbandi, 2016), (Brous, Herder and Janssen, 2016), (Mayo and Issa, 2016), (GhaffarianHoseini, et al., 2017a), (Alreshidi, Mourshed and Rezgui, 2018), (Farghaly, et al., 2018), (Ahuja, et al., 2020), (Chan, Olawumi and Ho, 2019), (Dixit, et al., 2019), (Jang and Collinge, 2020), (Tsay, Staub-French and Poirier, 2022), (Ikediashi, et al., 2022) Data interoperability issues from BIM to InfraAM tools (CC1.2) Software Security Issues (CC1.3) This helps in operating, maintaining, upgrading, and expanding physical assets effectively throughout their lifecycle (Akofio- Sowah, et al., 2014).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8741", "words": "9616", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "23", "author": "Alkhard, Ahmed", "title": "Leveraging Digital Asset Management and Meta-Data Integration for Enhanced Asset Management", "date": "2024", "keywords": "aim; aimm; analysis; asset information; asset management; assets; building; construction; dam; data; decision; facilities; facilities data; information; integration; maintenance; metadata; organizations; performance; research", "summary": "To investigate the effectiveness of such an approach, the researcher conducted a study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to examine how asset data could be better analysed to support improved decision-making, prompt responses, and, ultimately, more effective and efficient asset management. The literature extensively highlights the benefits of AIMM and BIM, including improved collaboration, enhanced quality delivery, strengthened security, fostered innovation, built trust, facilitated information sharing, effective problem-solving, creation of immutable solutions, improved data accuracy, materialized asset-related information, and application of cryptography techniques to secure asset data (Pan and Zhang, 2023).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8752", "words": "12264", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "SHARMA, RAKESH; Bhalla, Neba ", "title": "Enlightening the Critical Factors affecting the Solvency of Indian Construction Industry: An Empirical Analysis using Multivariate Discriminant Analysis and Logistic Regression : Enlightening the Critical Factors affecting the Solvency of Indian Construction Industry: An Empirical Analysis using Multivariate Discriminant Analysis and Logistic Regression ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "analysis; cash; cftl; companies; construction; construction companies; discriminant; dta; economics; financial; journal; leverage; liquidity; model; profitability; ratios; regression; solvency; solvent; study; table; total; value; variables", "summary": "Muresan and Wolitzer (2004) described financial ratio analysis as being helpful over the years to give a holistic stance of a company\u2019s financial position at any point or period. Suber (2011) analyzed the financial health of Malaysian construction firms with the help of financial ratio analysis to examine the performance and compare the company\u2019s performance with that of other companies and industries; the research found that a weak liquidity ratio, cash, and capital would be inadequate to finance construction projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8757", "words": "14943", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Chiadighikaobi, Paschal Chimeremeze; Chinazor Ubani-Wokoma, Blossom", "title": "Suitability of basalt textile reinforced granite-periwinkle shell concrete for sustainable construction in Nigeria", "date": "2025", "keywords": "aggregate; basalt; building; chiadighikaobi; coarse; compressive; concrete; construction; cylinders; economics; gps; granite; materials; mix; periwinkle; periwinkle shells; properties; research; shell concrete; shells; strength; study; table; textile; use", "summary": "For about three decades, a particular state in Nigeria known as Rivers State has made use of periwinkle shell concrete for construction (Agbede and Manasseh, 2009). Also, no research was found on the confinement or wrapping of periwinkle shell concrete with basalt textiles.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8779", "words": "8506", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Manoharan, Kesavan; Dissanayake, Pujitha; Pathirana, Chintha; Deegahawature, Dharsana; Silva, Renuka", "title": "A Constructive System to Assess the Performance-based Grading of Construction Labour through Work-Based Training Components and Applications", "date": "2023", "keywords": "construction; et al; labour; labour training; labourers; manoharan; performance; practices; projects; skills; sri; training; work", "summary": "Hence, authors and publishers may pay attention to this, and a significant rise is expected in the books published for construction labourers and school leavers (who begin careers in the construction field after their school education). Construction safety training methods and their evaluation approaches: a systematic literature review.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8780", "words": "7400", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "33", "author": "Manoharan, Kesavan; Dissanayake, Pujitha; Pathirana, Chintha; Deegahawature, Dharsana; Silva, Renuka", "title": "A New Productivity Benchmarking System Connected to Well-designed Labour Apprenticeship Framework for Construction Projects", "date": "2023", "keywords": "construction; et al; journal; labour; labour training; labourers; levels; management; manoharan; performance; productivity; project; study; training; work", "summary": "Factors affecting construction labour productivity in Trinidad and Tobago. Factors affecting construction labour productivity for construction of pre-stressed concrete bridges.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8783", "words": "11382", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Wood, Xavier ; Ghimire, Prashnna; Kim, Suryeon ; Barutha, Philip ; Jeong , H. David ", "title": "Framework for Evaluating the Success of Integrated Project Delivery in the Industrial Construction Sector: A Mixed Methods Approach & Machine Learning Application", "date": "2024", "keywords": "building; construction; cost; data; delivery; industrial; ipd; journal; kras; learning; machine; management; methods; model; performance; project; project delivery; project management; project success; psf; quality; research; schedule; success", "summary": "Consequently, there is a strong interest among project owners to gain a better understanding of the intricate relationships that exist between these key decisions and their overall impact on project success (Esmaeili, et al., 2013). The former aims to understand how project success is evaluated by focusing on the information necessary to determine whether a project was successful or not.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8784", "words": "8549", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "HONG, JINGQING; Akotia, Julius; Charles, Egbu", "title": "Virtual reality in construction activities: barriers for adoption in China", "date": "2024", "keywords": "activities; adoption; application; barriers; building; china; construction; construction industry; findings; industry; journal; projects; reality; research; study; technology", "summary": "It starts with an introduction to VR technology applications, followed by literature review, methodology, discussion of the findings, and finally presents a conclusion. Hence, VR application needs to overcome the hype phase and provide benefits in practice.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8796", "words": "11256", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Akotia , Julius ; Awuzie, Bankole", "title": "Evaluating social sustainability factors prioritization in sustainable urban regeneration: The case of UK construction industry projects: ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "building; community; consideration; construction; development; economics; environment; factors; health; practices; practitioners; projects; regeneration; regeneration projects; research; safety; sustainability; sustainability factors; table", "summary": "This study investigates the degree of consideration given to the promotion of social sustainability factors by practitioners engaged in the delivery of sustainable regeneration projects in the UK. For instance, the works of authors such as Akhtar, et al. (2024), Woodcraft (2015) and \u00c5hman (2013) have identified the lack of understanding of the social sustainability deliverables in the planning, design and delivery of sustainable construction projects in general; however, to date, none has focused on the extent to which consideration is given to the promotion of social sustainability factors by practitioners in the context of the delivery of sustainable regeneration projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8804", "words": "11399", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Pancholi, Jugal; Devkar, Ganesh", "title": "Analyzing the Influence of Organizational Culture in Projects using Last Planner System", "date": "2023", "keywords": "building; construction; control; culture; cvi; implementation; items; lps; performance; planner; planning; ppc; production; project; survey; system; work", "summary": "The gaps in understanding provide the incentive for determining the relationship between LPS implementation and project organizational culture and operational performance. A great number of existing studies illustrate the effect of LPS on project culture; In their study, Luhr, Bosch-Rekveldt and Radujkovic (2021) discovered that LPS promotes greater degrees of mutual understanding and control over the responsibilities and problems of the other parties.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8835", "words": "18603", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Irlayici Cakmak, Pinar; Akturk, Berkay", "title": "An in-depth investigation of digital construction technologies from a building economics perspective", "date": "2024", "keywords": "akturk construction; analysis; applications; automation; bim; building; cakmak; construction; construction economics; construction engineering; construction industry; construction management; construction safety; construction site; construction technologies; cost; data; digital; engineering; et al; information; journal; july; management; monitoring; productivity; project; quality; research; safety; site; system; technologies; technology; time; vol; workers", "summary": "A bibliometric review of the status and emerging research trends in construction safety management technologies. Since digital technologies significantly contribute to building economics, further research is needed to review the potential of digital construction technologies from the standpoint of building economics.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8843", "words": "8076", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Afolayan, Akintade Samuel", "title": "Gentrification-related buyouts and sustainable public low-income housing delivery in Lagos, Nigeria ", "date": "2024", "keywords": "afolayan; ajibowu; building; construction; economics; estate; gentrification; housing; income; lagos; nigeria; research; residents; respondents; socio; table; total; years", "summary": "In Nigeria, this manifests in building public housing estates for LIEs. The advocates of affordable housing appraise gentrification from the angle of its effects in skewing housing market in favour of middle-class entrants into the neighbourhood, so much to the detriment of the incumbents, that displacement may become inevitable.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8846", "words": "10803", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Power, William", "title": "Takt complementing Last Planner\u00ae System on residential construction projects.", "date": "2024", "keywords": "ballard; building; case; construction; economics; journal; lps; management; planning; power; ppc; process; production; project; research; schedule; study; system; takt; time; tommelein; work", "summary": "Fundamental obstacles to improving productivity remain firmly in place, chief amongst them being the embedded mind- set and its traditional approach to construction project management. Takt planning has been used to deliver construction projects and phases of work within projects of different types and in different construction sectors, such as multi- family housing, healthcare, and manufacturing plants (Tommelein and Lerche, 2023).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8865", "words": "8438", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Akindeinde, Akinsanmi; Akinola, Joseph ; Ojo, Lekan; Okechukwu, Augustine ", "title": "Impact of modular integrated construction indicators on sustainable performance metrics in Nigeria", "date": "2024", "keywords": "akindeinde; analysis; building; construction; economics; environmental; et al; factor; indicators; journal; management; metrics; mic; nigeria; performance; professionals; projects; research; study; sustainability", "summary": "Through modular construction and prefabrication which is described as manufacturing of infrastructure components in a controlled environment, transported, positioned, and assembled at the construction site is considered as a suitable alternative to traditional pattern of executing construction projects in the last few decades ( Jiang, et al., 2019; Murali and Sambath, 2020; Zhang, et al., 2018). Indices of the society in construction projects reflects the extent to which the lifecycle of construction projects meets the demands of anticipated or existing social demands (Khan, et al., 2022).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8866", "words": "13944", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Kapogiannis, Georgios ; Palaios, Panagiotis; Sawhney, Anil", "title": "Digital Construction led Growth Asymmetries in Europe: The need for Collaborative Culture ", "date": "2024", "keywords": "building; capital; construction; construction economics; countries; data; development; digitalization; economic; economy; gdp; growth; impact; index; industry; infrastructure; integration; journal; kapogiannis; research; study; technologies; technology; vol", "summary": "Policymakers should develop and implement policies that promote digital inclusion, support digital literacy programs, and create an enabling environment for the adoption of digital construction technologies by various segments of society. Therefore, the focal research inquiry of this paper revolves around an in-depth exploration of the multifaceted elements that encompass the domain of digital construction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8867", "words": "9174", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Upadhyaya, Deep; Malek, MohammedShakil", "title": "An Exploratory Factor Analysis Approach to Investigate Health and Safety Factors in Indian Construction Sector", "date": "2024", "keywords": "analysis; building; construction; construction safety; data; dimensions; economics; engineering; factor; h&s; health; india; industry; journal; malek; management; performance; questionnaire; research; safety; study; upadhyaya", "summary": "Enshassi, Ayyash and Choudhry (2016) said that the most critical BIM safety applications to improve construction safety are \u201chazard detection and reduction\u201d and \u201csafety training and education.\u201d Analyzing construction safety through time series methods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8876", "words": "6636", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Susanti, Betty; Kadarsa, Edi; Foralisa, Mona; Juliantina, Ika", "title": "Non-toll revenue potential to increase funding sources for toll road maintenance", "date": "2023", "keywords": "advertisements; area; asset; asset commercialization; commercialization; construction; journal; land; potential; rest; revenue; road; study; susanti; toll; toll road", "summary": "DISCUSSION This study showed that the most significant revenue potential from toll road asset commercialization came from advertisements. This study could contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the commercialization of toll road assets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8885", "words": "11706", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Olugboyega, Oluseye; Binga, Bobga; Oseghale, Godwin Ehis; Aigbavboa, Clinton", "title": "Effect of anti-corruption systems\u2019 logic on corruption manifestations in project planning and execution in Nigeria", "date": "2023", "keywords": "accountability; anti; building; construction; corruption; corruption manifestations; et al; execution; information; logic; oversight; p =; project; project planning; public; study; support; systems", "summary": "The objective of this study is to discern the underlying rationale behind anti-corruption systems and ascertain their impact on the occurrence of corruption in the context of project planning and execution (PPE) within Nigeria. The main issue is that anti-corruption systems have been studied for effectiveness without considering their dimensional logic and logical focus (Lehtinen, et al., 2022; Oberoi, 2014; McCusker, 2006).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8894", "words": "11448", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Savikko, Heikki; Hokkanen, Joonas; Mets\u00e4ranta, Heikki; Honkatukia, Juha; Haapanen, Mika; Tohmo, Timo; Pongracz, Eva", "title": "A methodological framework to assess the employment impacts of transport infrastructure construction", "date": "2025", "keywords": "case; coefficients; construction; economic; employment; employment effects; employment impacts; evaluation; finland; infrastructure; input coefficients; labor; labor input; market; methods; model; output; project; transport", "summary": "Direct employment impacts were estimated by assuming that the employment impacts in the construction industry within the investment region are direct impacts. Direct employment impact evaluated with the CGE model was 68 jobs in both regional and national labor market situations, which is only 55% of actual impacts (Table 4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8895", "words": "14114", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Huynh, Nhat Minh; Le-Hoai, Long; Do, Chi Dien", "title": "Assessing and improving labour productivity management in construction: A practical framework and measurement tool", "date": "2025", "keywords": "building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; construction labor; construction management; construction productivity; construction projects; employee; engineering; equipment; et al; factors; journal; labor productivity; level; management; materials; productivity management; scale; site; system; toolkit; vol; workers", "summary": "In Jordan, Hiyassat, Hiyari and Sweis (2016) conducted a study that identified factors impacting construction labor productivity. System dynamics and predictive models for construction labor productivity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8906", "words": "11244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "28", "author": "Bello, Abdulkabir; Abdulraheem, Aliyyu Abiola ; Afolabi, Oladayo Popoola ; Aka, Adefemi; Gbenga, Precious Oluwatofunmi ", "title": "Assessing the underlying factors affecting trust and transparency in the construction industry: A mixed method approach", "date": "2024", "keywords": "bello; building; challenges; communication; construction economics; construction industry; data; et al; factors; information; integrity; issues; journal; management; project; research; security; sharing; stakeholders; study; transparency; trust; vol", "summary": "Moreover, historical issues related to corruption in Nigeria (Folarin, 2021) can significantly impact trust and transparency within the construction industry, with bribery, kickbacks, and embezzlement undermining the integrity of construction projects and eroding trust in the fairness of procurement processes and the quality of project outcomes. Legal disputes and protracted legal processes exacerbate relationship problems and destroy confidence, impeding the advancement of construction projects (Adibfar, Costin and Issa, 2020).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8909", "words": "7969", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Asante, Joseph; Kissi, Ernest; Acheampong, Alex; Badu, Edward ", "title": "State of Market Intelligence Activities in Ghanaian Construction Firms: A Preliminary Study.", "date": "2024", "keywords": "activities; building; business; ccs; competitors; construction; current; development; economics; firms; information; intelligence; intelligencegathering; journal; management; marketing; mi activities; practices; research; study", "summary": "It is recommended that CCs should work on nurturing MI culture to keep MI activities more active to derive advantages obtainable from the utilization of MI. Consequently, dedicated marketing personnel for MI activities are notably absent within CCs ( Jaafar, Aziz and Wai, 2008).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8911", "words": "14960", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Rotimi, Funmilayo Ebun; Brauner, Marcela; Burfoot, Megan ; Naismith, Nicola ; Silva, Chathurani W. C.; Mohaghegh, Mahsa ", "title": "Challenges Faced by Women in New Zealand's Construction Industry: Impact of Demographic Factors ", "date": "2024", "keywords": "building; challenges; challenges women; construction; construction economics; construction industry; construction women; engineering; et al; experience; factors; gender; harassment; job; journal; lack; level; management; research; role; rotimi; sexism; study; women; work", "summary": "Although this analysis identifies the most common challenges, the other challenges are also likely to disturb the smooth work life of construction women to some extent. According to these results, stereotyping and pressure to prove oneself are significant benevolent sexism challenges (having the mean values above the mid- level) to construction women.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8912", "words": "12432", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Rajala, Pekka; Yl\u00e4-Kujala, Antti; Sinkkonen, Tiina; K\u00e4rri, Timo", "title": "Operational Effectiveness in Building Renovation Business: Best Practices for Profitable Execution", "date": "2025", "keywords": "br companies; building; business; case; coke; companies; company; construction; elements; et al; industry; journal; management; opex; profitability; projects; rajala; research; study", "summary": "This is worrying since BR companies are becoming increasingly important due to the growth of BR needs, like energy efficiency improvements to existing buildings. The study reviews the operational effectiveness of BR companies, aiming to enhance understanding of how it influences profitability and to identify best practices contributing to profitability.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8928", "words": "10602", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Sabet, Pejman; Jonescu, Emil; Chong, heap-yih; Ramanyaka, Chamil Erik ", "title": "Interacting possibilities between off-site manufacturing and building information modelling for performance improvement", "date": "2025", "keywords": "australia; bim; building; capabilities; construction; construction economics; construction management; economics; engineering; et al; information; interactions; journal; management; manufacturing; model; osm; performance; productivity; project; project performance; research; sabet; site; study; vol", "summary": "For instance, Ezcan, Isikdag and Goulding (2013) created an enhanced BIM-based model to address shortcomings in OSM projects, such as insufficient connectivity across technology, processes and people. The study findings may encourage clients and stakeholders to adopt hybrid BIM\u2013OSM projects to improve the overall project performance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8963", "words": "652", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "23", "author": "Brewer, Graham", "title": "Editorial: Quality in Challenging Times", "date": "2023", "keywords": "construction; research", "summary": "Thirdly, researching contractual, operational, and commercial influences on project viability and delivery to deliver lower numbers of disputes and improved project performance in New Zealand, improved organisational culture and project delivery in India, and improved commercial viability of infrastructure projects in Indonesia through novel revenue generation. Construction Economics and Building, 23:3/4, 1\u20132.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8966", "words": "13929", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Akomah, Benjamin Boahene; Ramani, Prasanna Venkatesan", "title": "The Negative Factors that Influence the Performance of Ghanaian Construction Projects", "date": "2025", "keywords": "akomah; akomah construction; analysis; building; construction; construction economics; construction industry; construction management; construction projects; contractors; engineering; et al; factors; fit; ghana; health; international; ips; journal; july; management; model; pas; performance; practices; ramani; research; safety; study; systems; vol; yes", "summary": "An investigation of how stakeholders influence construction project performance: a small and medium sized contractor\u2019s perspective in the Jordanian construction industry. Relationship networks between variation orders and claims/disputes causes on construction project performance and stakeholder performance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-8973", "words": "10237", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "E.N.Jackson; T, Shanmuga Priya", "title": "Critical Risk Management Performance Indicators for Construction Projects in Ghana: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach", "date": "2025", "keywords": "building; construction; construction projects; contractors; ghana; indicators; industry; management; management performance; performance; performance indicators; project; project management; project performance; research; risk; risk management; rmpi; satisfaction; study; success", "summary": "In light of this, the essential risk management performance variables for assessing construction project performance must be identified so that more effective management approaches can be established for future projects. AlSaadi and Norhayatizakuan (2021) examined how risk management techniques could affect construction project performance in Oman.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9008", "words": "8276", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Getvoldsen, K. S. ; Chandragiri, A. K. ; Khalafallah, A. M. ; M. Belizaire; J. Weirs; Raheem, H. M. J. ; Gerges, M.; Butt, T. E.", "title": "Three Sustainability Dimensions Verses Climate Change Act 2008: A Retrospective Numerical Modelling", "date": "2024", "keywords": "building; carbon; change; climate; climate change; construction; emissions; energy; housing; insulation; online; paper; reduction; space; sustainability", "summary": "UK energy in brief 2013. UK energy consumption 2023 (Mackenzie, 2023)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9021", "words": "9379", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Rasheed, Nasir; Shahzad, Wajiha; Rotimi, James", "title": "Factor analysis of risk allocation criteria (RAC) in public-private partnership (PPP) projects: A case of New Zealand", "date": "2024", "keywords": "analysis; chan; construction; economics; et al; factor; journal; partnership; party; ppp; ppp projects; projects; rac; risk; risk allocation; risk management", "summary": "Frimpong et al. (2020) categorized PPP project risks into pre- construction, construction, operation, maintenance, and market level. As a result, effective project risk management is essential for PPP project implementation success.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9030", "words": "11025", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Suriyanon, Natee; Sutheerawatthana, Pitch; Rinchumphu, Damrongsak; Suksawat, Ratchanon", "title": "Carbon footprint assessment of a precast concrete yard: A case study from Thailand", "date": "2025", "keywords": "activities; activity; activity data; carbon; concrete; construction; data; footprint; ghg; ghg emissions; precast; quantity; scope; study; tco2e; tgo; yard", "summary": "Breakdown of GHG emissions data by activity type and the respective utility units responsible for each activity. It is important to note that the two strategies for optimizing GHG emissions discussed in the previous section, along with the strategy to increase production to full capacity presented here, are based on an analysis of GHG emission data collected during the monitoring period.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9035", "words": "9662", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Pramudya, Andreas Arianto; Wibowo, Andreas; Santosa, Wimpy; Permana, Ferry Jaya", "title": "A Claim-based Risk Mapping of Construction All-Risk Insurance in Indonesia", "date": "2025", "keywords": "building; car; claim; claim values; construction; construction insurance; damage; data; disasters; economics; engineering; equipment; frequency; insurance; java; journal; losses; management; project; risks; study; values; work", "summary": "Knowledge-based approach to construction project risk management. Construction project risk management in Singapore: Resources, effectiveness, impact, and understanding.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9059", "words": "11520", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Adebowale, Oluseyi Julius; Agumba, Justus Ngala", "title": "A Systematic Review of Challenges Undermining the Efficacy of Construction Health and Safety Regulations in Major African Countries", "date": "2024", "keywords": "accidents; adebowale; africa; articles; building; challenges; construction; construction h&s; construction health; construction industry; countries; et al; h&s; health; journal; management; occupational; regulations; research; safety; safety regulations; workers", "summary": "The detrimental effects of alcohol and substance abuse on construction site safety are widespread (Emuze, 2023). Impediments to construction safety improvement.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9095", "words": "10916", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Gunathilaka, sarath", "title": "Enabling team resilience against calamities through sensemaking in global construction engineering projects ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "analysis; building; calamities; construction; data; economics; et al; gcep; gunathilaka; item; members; project; relationship; research; resilience; sensemaking; survey; team; team members; team resilience; test", "summary": "However, persistent thinking of team members does not always lead to team resilience, and it depends on the context of the calamity. This conclusion confirms that the teams in GCEP settings need to create collective sensemaking to enable team resilience against calamities regardless of the fact that team members work virtually and remotely, residing in different locations and countries without having face- to- face interactions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9113", "words": "8676", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Chigozie Osuizugbo , Innocent ; Ashraf Fauzi, Muhammad ; Omer, Mazen; O. Njogo, Bibiana ", "title": "Research Trends on Early Contractor Involvement in Construction Projects: A Bibliometric Analysis", "date": "2024", "keywords": "analysis; building; construction; construction project; contractor; contractor involvement; delivery; eci; eci research; economics; involvement; journal; management; project; research; studies; study", "summary": "This study seeks to achieve the following research objectives using bibliometric and scientometric analysis: (i) to critically examine the most significant journals in ECI research; (ii) to identify the most productive authors on ECI studies and territories; (iii) to produce a geospatial network of the active ECI research countries; (iv) to determine the current trend in ECI studies; and (v) to identify the most relevant keywords and co- occurrence networks in ECI studies. However, there has been no study that performed scientometric review on ECI research.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9123", "words": "10644", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Asianoah, Rexford; Botha, Brink; Adeniran, Ayo; Aryee, Feizel", "title": "Assessing Financial and Professional Risks on Commercial Property Development and Investment in Accra-Ghana Enclave", "date": "2025", "keywords": "analysis; building; construction; cost; cpdi; development; estate; et al; factors; feasibility; journal; management; process; professional; project; project management; property; quality; risk; risk management; study; value; vol", "summary": "Under this section, the key knowledge areas considered in the study literature covered are project cost management, project quality management, and project risk management (PRM). In practice, knowledge areas, including project quality management, project cost management, and project risk management are vital.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9124", "words": "14145", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Lan, Roy; Adenuga, Olumide; Awolusi, Ibukun", "title": "Impact of Construction Project Failure on Key Project Stakeholders: Assessing the Perspectives of Professionals in Lagos Metropolis", "date": "2025", "keywords": "analysis; building; clients; construction; construction economics; construction project; contractors; effects; et al; impacts; industry; lagos; management; project; project failures; public; research; rsi; stakeholder; study; urban", "summary": "Heatmap of project failure impacts on stakeholders CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF RESPONDENTS\u2019 PERSPECTIVES To gain deeper insights into the varying perspectives on construction project failure effects, a cluster analysis was performed. This study examines the broad- ranging impacts of construction project failures in Lagos, Nigeria, focusing on clients, contractors, consultants, and the general public.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9126", "words": "8955", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Oke, Ayodeji Emmanuel; Akintola, Oladoyin Abidemi; Oyewole, Mercy Oluwatobiloba; Aliu, John; Omoyajowo, Nicholas Ipinlaye", "title": "Study on the Awareness and Practice of Circular Economy Principles among Construction Stakeholders in Nigeria", "date": "2025", "keywords": "awareness; building; construction; construction industry; economy; et al; industry; materials; nigeria; practices; principles; professionals; research; study; sustainability; use; waste", "summary": "The table shows that 78.60% of the respondents are aware of circular construction principles, 8.20% are not aware, and 13.30% are uncertain (maybe). Participation in circular construction principles by the respondents.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9131", "words": "9446", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Ogunmakinde, Olabode", "title": "Achieving Zero Waste: Circular Economy Strategies in Australian Higher Education", "date": "2025", "keywords": "australia; building; circular; construction; economics; economy; mining; net; ogunmakinde; research; resource; strategies; sustainability; text; universities; university; vol; waste", "summary": "WASTE REDUCTION AND RESOURCE OPTIMISATION FOR CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN AUSTRALIAN UNIVERSITIES In light of the global call for sustainability, Australian universities are shifting focus towards the principles of a circular economy, particularly in waste reduction and resource optimisation. NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING: TEXT MINING FOR CIRCULAR ECONOMY RESEARCH The adoption of text mining in big data analytics has transformed how researchers and practitioners interpret large amounts of unstructured data, fundamentally altering the landscape of knowledge discovery (Hassani, et al., 2020).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9143", "words": "11801", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Alnaqbi, Ali; G. Al-Khateeb, Ghazi ; Zeiada, Waleed ", "title": "Machine Learning Applications for Predicting Longitudinal Cracking in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement", "date": "2025", "keywords": "alnaqbi; analysis; building; conditions; construction; cracking; crcp; data; economics; kernel; learning; machine; model; number; pavement; performance; regression; study; thickness; traffic; variables; vol", "summary": "These studies emphasize the pivotal role of machine learning in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of pavement distress prediction models. Thus, understanding and mitigating longitudinal cracking are crucial for maintaining pavement performance and ensuring road safety.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9185", "words": "1193", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "23", "author": "Kapogiannis, Georgios ; Palaios, Panagiotis", "title": "Editorial: Special Issue - Economics in Digital Construction", "date": "2024", "keywords": "building; construction; economics; sector", "summary": "Cakmak and Akturk assess the existing literature on the potential of digital construction technologies from a building economics perspective, identifying digital construction technologies that contribute to building economics. The Afolayan and Ajibowu article on gentrification and housing policies in Lagos, Nigeria, offers an investigation and understanding of the socio-economic impacts of digital construction technologies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9191", "words": "11982", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Gowthaman, Moorthy; Gamage, Iresha; Karunaratne, Tania", "title": "Framework for managing deficiencies and inefficiencies in quantity surveying related software implementation ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "building; construction; construction industry; cost; deficiencies; et al; implementation; industry; inefficiencies; issues; lack; management; project; qs software; quantity; quantity surveying; research; software; sri; surveying", "summary": "The qualitative findings of this study require validation through quantitative results in the future for different kinds of construction software in Sri Lanka. Integration challenges in construction software: Impacts on project efficiency.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9201", "words": "9956", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "29", "author": "Oppon, James Anthony; Akomah, Benjamin Boahene; Hagan, Daniel Ebo; Tieru, Chris Kurbom; Koufie, Kingsley ", "title": "Organizational culture and its impact on employees\u2019 safety", "date": "2025", "keywords": "assumptions; building; construction; culture; data; economics; employee; employee safety; et al; organization; research; safety; safety culture; study; symbols; table; values", "summary": "However, lower ratings for integrating values into daily activities and decision- making echo concerns about the gap between espoused values and actual practices, a phenomenon often observed in organizational culture studies (McMillan and Overall, 2017). Safety culture thus represents a subset of organizational culture that relates to the management of risks and is shaped by culture with elements of visible artifacts, espoused values, and assumptions (Schein, 1992).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9205", "words": "983", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "19", "author": "Brewer, Graham", "title": "Editorial: The Value of Open Access Research in the Age of Opinion-based Decision-Making", "date": "2024", "keywords": "article; construction; project; research", "summary": "1 https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v24i1/2.9205 https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v24i1/2.9205 https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB mailto:Graham.brewer@newcastle.edu.au https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v24i1/2.9205 economies benefit more from digital construction, suggesting that weaker economies need structural reforms to integrate digitalisation effectively. They highlight the essential role of human capital in adopting digital construction techniques, emphasising innovation and collaboration for competitive growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9253", "words": "11078", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Al-Attar, Heba; Sweis, Ghaleb; Tarawneh, Bashar; Abu-Khader, Waleed; Haddad, Leen; Sweis, Rateb", "title": "Enhanced Construction Project Duration Estimation Using Artificial Neural Networks: Initial Design and Planning Stages", "date": "2025", "keywords": "accuracy; ann; building; construction; construction projects; data; design; duration; estimation; et al; factors; model; network; neural; number; planning; projects; research; stage", "summary": "The limited availability of historical data on construction project durations and design parameters in Jordan is also a shortcoming. Recent research has demonstrated that ANNs often surpass traditional regression models in predicting project durations in construction (Balali, et al., 2020; Titirla and Aretoulis, 2020; Fan, et al., 2021; Ujong, et al., 2022; AlTalhoni, et al., 2025).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9259", "words": "8791", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Silva, Pramod Malaka; Domingo, Niluka; Ameer Ali, Noushad Ali Naseem", "title": "Pre-Contract Measures to Avoid Potential Disputes in the New Zealand Construction Industry", "date": "2025", "keywords": "avoidance; construction; contract; design; disputes; management; measures; potential; respondent; silva; stage; steps; study; years", "summary": "Are contract disputes predictable? Power of incentivization in construction dispute avoidance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9270", "words": "9414", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Sistos-Sescosse, Gerardo; Atuahene, Bernard Tuffour; Ajulo, Oluwadunsin; Adams, Ishmael", "title": "Examining the decision criteria on BIM-LCA: A case study", "date": "2025", "keywords": "bim; building; construction; decision; energy; environmental; et al; hardwood; impacts; lca; life; making; materials; nylon; study; sustainability; system", "summary": "Given that the construction industry is one of the primary contributors to high energy demand and carbon emissions (United Nations Environment Programme, 2022), designers and engineers must prioritize reducing energy consumption, minimizing carbon emissions, and lowering environmental impacts through their designs. BIM\u2013LCA can be used to assess environmental impacts by (a) comparing alternative designs, (b) identifying environmental hotspots in buildings, (c) conducting parametric modeling, (d) performing sensitivity analysis, and (e) exploring ways to improve BIM\u2013LCA methodologies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9273", "words": "10897", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "DOLLA, THARUN; Thounaojam, Nicola; Devkar, Ganesh; Laishram, Boeing", "title": "Proactive contract theory-based resilience framework development for Public-Private Partnerships", "date": "2025", "keywords": "building; concession; construction; contract; dolla; economics; engineering; et al; framework; journal; management; mechanisms; model; papers; period; ppp; ppps; projects; renegotiation; research; resilience; review; risk; study; theory", "summary": "What are the methodological approaches, theoretical lenses, geographical distribution, and sectoral focus in PPP resilience studies? 3. Building on this foundation, this study seeks to frame the key themes in PPP resilience research by aligning them with the framework\u2019s preventive, responsive, and adaptive dimensions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9298", "words": "9571", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Okello, John Fredrick; Bowa, Omondi; Migosi, Joash", "title": "The role of project delivery methods on the execution of construction projects in Kenyan Judiciary", "date": "2025", "keywords": "analysis; building; construction; construction projects; cost; delivery methods; design; disputes; et al; execution; judiciary; kenyan; management; methods; project; project delivery; quality; site; study; time", "summary": "According to the study, project delivery methods significantly influenced the execution of construction projects in terms of quality, cost, and site disputes, but not time. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING PROJECT DELIVERY METHODS AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SUCCESS The theoretical framework for analyzing the impact of project delivery methods on the success of construction projects is highlighted as follows.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9322", "words": "10903", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Gunathilaka, Sarath; Wijesekara, Dulanga; Kwok, Shing Fung ", "title": "Project high performance work system for enabling high performing teams in construction", "date": "2025", "keywords": "analysis; building; construction; data; et al; fit; hrm; industry; journal; literature; management; model; performance; phpws; practices; project; research; results; study; survey; system; takeuchi; work", "summary": "EFA, exploratory factor analysis; PHPWS, project high- performance work system. PHPWS, project high- performance work system.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9329", "words": "9112", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Alsamarraie, Mundher; Yousif, Omar; Ghazali, Farid", "title": "Procurement integrity: best practices for PPPs projects in Iraq and Malaysia", "date": "2025", "keywords": "alsamarraie; analysis; barriers; building; construction; economics; et al; governance; implementation; infrastructure; iraq; ismail; malaysia; partnership; ppp; procurement; projects; risk; sector; vol", "summary": "Thematic categorisation and frequency of barriers Thematic category Number of barriers Percentage (%) Examples of barriers Organisational 12 33.3 Absence of monitoring frameworks, transparency issues, cultural differences Project 14 38.9 High project costs, contractor failure, uncompetitive tenders Operational 8 22.2 Operation cost overruns, technology risks, labour shortages External 2 5.6 Force majeure, weather Legal 3 8.3 Corruption, tax regulation changes Political 5 13.9 Inconsistent government policies, unstable government OPERATIONALISATION OF BARRIERS Barriers to PPP implementation are defined as obstacles that hinder the effective execution of PPP projects, impacting their efficiency, cost, or outcomes. Factors influencing early termination of PPP projects in China.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9346", "words": "10738", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Agyemang, Eunice Achina; Musonda, Innocent ; Zulu, Sam", "title": "Stakeholder theory and shareholder theory application in construction field: systematic scoping review", "date": "2025", "keywords": "construction; economics; et al; journal; management; performance; project; research; review; sht; skt; stakeholder; stakeholder management; stakeholder theory; studies; study; theory; value", "summary": "Therefore, this study sought to systematically review stakeholder and shareholder theories to determine which theoretical approach is predominantly used in construction studies, assess the thematic areas where stakeholder theory or shareholder theory is applied in construction studies, and identify future research and gaps in their application in construction studies. The study adopted Arkesy and O\u2019Malley\u2019s five-stage framework to conduct a systematic scoping review of 1,726 articles from Scopus and Google Scholar databases, focusing on stakeholder theory or shareholder theory.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9358", "words": "8372", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "30", "author": "Dhanasekar, Yuvaraj; KS, Anandh", "title": "Gender\u2019s Moderating Effect on Perceived Organizational Politics and Withdrawal Dimensions Among Construction Professionals", "date": "2025", "keywords": "anandh; behaviors; construction; employee; gender; journal; management; politics; pop; professionals; psw; relationship; research; study; turnover; withdrawal", "summary": "Dhanasekar and Anandh Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 25, No. 2 July 202587 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452 https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638601200408 https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-03-2017-0046 https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-07-2023-0322 https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11515 https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-10-2022-0938 https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-759020190202 https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-759020190202 https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.211 https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.211 https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2021.1910785 https://doi.org/10.36349/easjebm.2021.v04i07.001 https://doi.org/10.36349/easjebm.2021.v04i07.001 https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2016.1277026 https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2016.1277026 https://doi.org/10.1108/DLO-02-2021-0025 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-023-09449-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-023-09449-2 https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-07-2023-0315 Spendolini, M.J. (1985) Employee withdrawal behavior: Expanding the concept (Turnover, Absenteeism). \u2018An analysis of the literature on construction employee turnover: drivers, consequences, and future direction\u2019, Construction Management and Economics, 42(9), pp.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9408", "words": "10713", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Pittri, Hayford; Agyekum, Kofi; Salgin, Burcu; Dompey, Annabel Morkporkpor Ami ; Gasue, Rhoda; Anderson, Samuel Adjei ", "title": "The Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies and the Construction Industry in Ghana", "date": "2025", "keywords": "adoption; awareness; building; construction; construction industry; data; economics; et al; gci; groups; industry; iot; journal; level; management; pittri; professionals; research; study; technologies; technology; utilization; vol", "summary": "The application of Industry 4.0 has not been adopted in many countries, especially developing economies; thus, studies on these technologies are narrow (Agyekum et al., 2018; Anitah et al., 2019; Manda and Dhaou, 2019). Similarly, in the GCI, the actual deployment of technologies like IoT, drones, and 3D printing is still in its infancy, hindered by financial constraints, limited technical skills, and resistance to change (Agyekum et al., 2022a; Pittri et al., 2024a).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9488", "words": "941", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "26", "author": "Brewer, Graham", "title": "Editorial: passing the baton", "date": "2024", "keywords": "construction; research", "summary": "Rasheed et al. https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v24i4/5.9488 https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v24i4/5.9488 https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v24i4/5.9488 https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB mailto:Graham.brewer@newcastle.edu.au https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v24i4/5.9488 schedules and foster collaboration, while Fuentes- del- Burgo et al. highlight the migration of Kanban from manufacturing to construction, identifying its adaptability and potential for enhancing project coordination and supply chain management.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9514", "words": "11089", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Badawy, Mohamed; El-Sheikh, Rana; Hamdy, Khaled", "title": "Sensitivity analysis of key factors influencing concession period estimation in PPP wastewater treatment projects: a system dynamics approach", "date": "2025", "keywords": "analysis; concession; concession period; construction; construction costs; costs; economics; et al; factors; model; period; ppp; projects; public; risk; scenario; time; wastewater; years", "summary": "The analysis focused on the following: comparing various modeling approaches to point out strengths and limitations in methodology, identifying common influential factors in the estimation of concession periods, numerical results, especially sensitivity analysis and break- even estimates, and geographical studies on concession period modeling to understand geographical disparities concerning concession period modeling. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of discount rates in assessing project concession periods, as lower rates correlate with shorter recovery times and enhanced investor attractiveness, while higher rates lead to longer recovery periods and greater uncertainty.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9568", "words": "10606", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Kim, Sooin; Shahandashti, Mohsen ; Yasar, Mahmut", "title": "The Effect of Disasters on Construction Wages: The Role Played by Spatial Proximity", "date": "2025", "keywords": "construction; construction economics; construction wages; counties; county; direct; disaster; economics; effects; et al; industry; kim; labor; louisiana; quarter; texas; time; total", "summary": "Using a DID specification, we controlled for time- varying factors such as national economic conditions and other external shocks, isolating and estimating the specific effects of disasters on post- disaster construction labor wages. This would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relationships between government actions, insurance coverage, and post- disaster wage fluctuations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9573", "words": "7402", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Pasqual, Imasha; Ekanayake, L.L.", "title": "Win-win approach to subcontracting in building construction: Sri Lankan perspective", "date": "2025", "keywords": "approach; building; construction; factors; management; performance; project; relationship; research; study; subcontracting; subcontractor; win", "summary": "Given the increasing substantial role of subcontractors, many studies have examined the dynamics of the main contractor\u2013 subcontractor relationship in recent decades (Chiang, 2009; Tan et al., 2017). Prior studies have established the critical influence of the main contractor\u2013 subcontractor relationship on overall project performance (Abeysekara and McLean, 2001; Choudhry et al., 2012; Inayat et al., 2015; Tan et al., 2017; Mudzvokorva et al., 2020).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9591", "words": "7419", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Ogwueleka, Amaka", "title": "Supply chain integration in public sector construction projects: adoption and barriers", "date": "2025", "keywords": "adoption; barriers; chain; construction; et al; integration; journal; lack; management; mis; nigeria; projects; sci; sector; supply; supply chain", "summary": "Post- 2018 research has emphasized information technology (IT) as a critical enabler, with BIM reducing errors by 15%\u2013 25% in projects like the UK\u2019s Crossrail (Wang et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2023). For instance, Australia\u2019s Sydney Metro used BIM to reduce costs by 15% and timelines by 20% (Zhang et al., 2023).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9660", "words": "8454", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Xiao, Lin; Aisyah Mokhtar, Noor ; Azhar Mat Sulaiman, Mohd Khairul ", "title": "Enhancing Profitability and Cost Efficiency in China's Construction Industry: Strategic Analysis and Recommendations", "date": "2025", "keywords": "analysis; building; china; construction; construction economics; construction industry; cost; economics; efficiency; engineering; figure; industry; management; output; profitability; projects; research; total; value", "summary": "Construction costs can be categorized into two main types: labor costs and material costs. Geographical variation in project cost performance: The Netherlands versus worldwide.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9663", "words": "7458", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "20", "author": "Nguyen, Bao Tan Hoang; Wong, Peter S.P.; Ahankoob, Alireza", "title": "Enhancing Flood Risk Governance in Australia: Challenges, Opportunities, and International Insights", "date": "2025", "keywords": "australia; building; community; construction; data; disaster; flood; flood risk; framework; frm; governance; government; international; management; planning; policy; research; resilience; risk", "summary": "The results contribute to policy discussions on flood risk governance by offering recommendations for strengthening institutional resilience and improving disaster preparedness. Governance wheel for enhancing flood risk governance in Australia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9668", "words": "1366", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "25", "author": "Opoku, Alex", "title": "A New Era of Transformation for \u201cConstruction Economics and Building\u201d", "date": "2025", "keywords": "building; construction; economics; journal", "summary": "Okello et al. discuss the role of project delivery methods on the execution of construction projects using the case of Kenyan Judiciary construction projects funded by the World Bank. Huynh et al. propose a support tool for labour productivity management in construction and this tool offers a structured and informative approach to assessing and enhancing labour productivity in construction projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9812", "words": "9448", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Rastogi, Ashish ; Kumar Singla, Harish ", "title": "Exhausted Employees do not leave, Disengaged Employees do: A Case of Indian Construction Industry", "date": "2025", "keywords": "burnout; construction; disengagement; et al; exhaustion; intention; job; management; model; pressure; time; tpr; turnover; work; workload", "summary": "However, despite its demographic and economic standing, studies rooted in the Indian context are few and far between (Rastogi et al., 2020). based PLS- SEM is a causal- predictive approach used for confirming measurement models (Dash and Paul 2021, Hair et al., 2021).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ajceb-9847", "words": "9178", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "27", "author": "Alyileili, Muath; Opoku, Alex", "title": "Artificial intelligence ethics in municipal and construction sectors: A literature review", "date": "2025", "keywords": "accountability; ai ethics; analysis; artificial; building; construction; construction services; data; ethics; frameworks; governance; intelligence; municipal; services; systems; transparency; uae", "summary": "The UAE provides a salient international case for ethical AI governance in municipal and construction services. Similarly, the occurrence frequency of the term \u201ccultural\u201d (n = 11) suggested that existing guidelines could be lacking sufficient consideration of cultural and regional variations in ethical AI governance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}]