id	sid	eid	entity	type
cjfa-35415	1	1	march 21	DATE
cjfa-35415	1	2	2021	DATE
cjfa-35415	1	3	may 12	DATE
cjfa-35415	1	4	2021	DATE
cjfa-35415	2	1	2145	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	2	2	flint	GPE
cjfa-35415	2	3	michigan	GPE
cjfa-35415	2	4	48502	DATE
cjfa-35415	2	5	810	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	2	6	762	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	5	1	11301	DATE
cjfa-35415	5	2	grand blanc	GPE
cjfa-35415	5	3	michigan	GPE
cjfa-35415	5	4	48439	DATE
cjfa-35415	5	5	810	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	5	6	579	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	6	1	karl.philippoff@gmail.com	ORG
cjfa-35415	6	2	46	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	6	3	montville	GPE
cjfa-35415	7	1	973	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	7	2	270	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	8	1	copernican journal of finance & accounting e-issn 2300-3065	ORG
cjfa-35415	8	2	2300-12402021	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	8	3	10	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	8	4	2 li	PERSON
cjfa-35415	8	5	z.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	8	6	lytvynenko	GPE
cjfa-35415	8	7	i.p.	GPE
cjfa-35415	8	8	k.s.	GPE
cjfa-35415	8	9	2021	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	9	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	10	1	copernican journal of finance & accounting	ORG
cjfa-35415	10	2	10(2	DATE
cjfa-35415	10	3	27–43	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	11	1	karl s. philippoff***	PERSON
cjfa-35415	11	2	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	12	1	j e l	PERSON
cjfa-35415	12	2	g18	ORG
cjfa-35415	12	3	h25	PRODUCT
cjfa-35415	13	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	13	2	erta	DATE
cjfa-35415	15	1	li28	ORG
cjfa-35415	20	1	u.s.	GPE
cjfa-35415	20	2	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	20	3	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	23	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	23	2	two	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	23	3	u.s.	GPE
cjfa-35415	24	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	24	2	eight	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	24	3	14	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	24	4	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	26	1	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	26	2	u.s.	GPE
cjfa-35415	27	1	stewart	PERSON
cjfa-35415	27	2	warda	ORG
cjfa-35415	27	3	atkinson	GPE
cjfa-35415	27	4	2012	DATE
cjfa-35415	27	5	u.s.	GPE
cjfa-35415	27	6	only 27th	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	27	7	42	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	28	1	the united kingdom	GPE
cjfa-35415	28	2	france	GPE
cjfa-35415	28	3	mohnen, vankan & verspagen	ORG
cjfa-35415	28	4	1997	DATE
cjfa-35415	28	5	hall & harhoff	ORG
cjfa-35415	28	6	2021	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	29	1	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	30	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	31	1	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	31	2	over 80%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	31	3	microsoft	ORG
cjfa-35415	32	1	third	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	33	1	27th	TIME
cjfa-35415	33	2	u.s.	GPE
cjfa-35415	33	3	1st	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	33	4	10th	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	33	5	2012	DATE
cjfa-35415	33	6	stewart et al.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	33	7	2012	DATE
cjfa-35415	35	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	35	2	29	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	35	3	1993	DATE
cjfa-35415	35	4	2014	DATE
cjfa-35415	35	5	kahn	ORG
cjfa-35415	35	6	2018	DATE
cjfa-35415	35	7	2018	DATE
cjfa-35415	36	1	2008	DATE
cjfa-35415	36	2	$4.4 billion	MONEY
cjfa-35415	36	3	$6.4 billion	MONEY
cjfa-35415	36	4	$6.4 billion	MONEY
cjfa-35415	36	5	1997, 2001	DATE
cjfa-35415	36	6	2005	DATE
cjfa-35415	37	1	berger	ORG
cjfa-35415	37	2	1993	DATE
cjfa-35415	37	3	hall & van reenen	ORG
cjfa-35415	37	4	2000	DATE
cjfa-35415	37	5	edler & fagerberg	ORG
cjfa-35415	37	6	2017	DATE
cjfa-35415	44	1	u.s.	GPE
cjfa-35415	53	1	hall & lerner	ORG
cjfa-35415	53	2	2010	DATE
cjfa-35415	53	3	berger	ORG
cjfa-35415	53	4	1993	DATE
cjfa-35415	56	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	57	1	nber	GPE
cjfa-35415	58	1	jaffe	PERSON
cjfa-35415	58	2	2005	DATE
cjfa-35415	59	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	61	1	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	68	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	68	2	u.s.	GPE
cjfa-35415	70	1	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	72	1	third	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	73	1	the u.s. congress	ORG
cjfa-35415	73	2	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	73	3	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	74	1	two	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	74	2	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	74	3	31	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	74	4	section 174	LAW
cjfa-35415	74	5	section 41	LAW
cjfa-35415	75	1	50%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	75	2	the previous three years	DATE
cjfa-35415	75	3	25%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	76	1	u.s.	GPE
cjfa-35415	76	2	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	77	1	1993	DATE
cjfa-35415	77	2	2.00	MONEY
cjfa-35415	78	1	berger	PERSON
cjfa-35415	78	2	1993	DATE
cjfa-35415	78	3	1.25	MONEY
cjfa-35415	79	1	1991	DATE
cjfa-35415	79	2	mccutchen	PERSON
cjfa-35415	79	3	1993	DATE
cjfa-35415	79	4	only $0.19	MONEY
cjfa-35415	79	5	between $0.29 and $0.35	MONEY
cjfa-35415	81	1	2011	DATE
cjfa-35415	81	2	norway	GPE
cjfa-35415	83	1	rosa	ORG
cjfa-35415	83	2	2010	DATE
cjfa-35415	83	3	canada	GPE
cjfa-35415	86	1	hall et al	PERSON
cjfa-35415	87	1	2005	DATE
cjfa-35415	88	1	the 80s and 90s	DATE
cjfa-35415	89	1	2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	90	1	collins	PERSON
cjfa-35415	90	2	nguyen	PERSON
cjfa-35415	90	3	2020	DATE
cjfa-35415	91	1	merz	PERSON
cjfa-35415	91	2	2021	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	91	3	hsu	PERSON
cjfa-35415	91	4	li	PERSON
cjfa-35415	91	5	tseng	PERSON
cjfa-35415	91	6	2021	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	93	1	li32	PRODUCT
cjfa-35415	93	2	francis & smith	ORG
cjfa-35415	93	3	1995	DATE
cjfa-35415	93	4	eng & shackell	ORG
cjfa-35415	93	5	2001	DATE
cjfa-35415	95	1	2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	95	2	chang	GPE
cjfa-35415	95	3	hilary	GPE
cjfa-35415	95	4	kang & zhang	ORG
cjfa-35415	95	5	2015	DATE
cjfa-35415	96	1	al	ORG
cjfa-35415	97	1	2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	98	1	al.	GPE
cjfa-35415	98	2	2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	103	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	107	1	manso, 2011	ORG
cjfa-35415	108	1	hours	TIME
cjfa-35415	112	1	hall & lerner	ORG
cjfa-35415	112	2	2010	DATE
cjfa-35415	112	3	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	112	4	33	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	112	5	berger	ORG
cjfa-35415	112	6	1993	DATE
cjfa-35415	115	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	116	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	116	2	u.s.	GPE
cjfa-35415	117	1	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	120	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	121	1	the national bureau of economic research	ORG
cjfa-35415	121	2	jaffe	PERSON
cjfa-35415	121	3	2001	DATE
cjfa-35415	122	1	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	122	2	6	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	123	1	less than 2%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	124	1	16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	124	2	1975	DATE
cjfa-35415	124	3	2017	DATE
cjfa-35415	126	1	li34 appendix a.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	126	2	appendix a.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	126	3	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	126	4	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	126	5	the prior two, three	DATE
cjfa-35415	126	6	four years	DATE
cjfa-35415	127	1	each year	DATE
cjfa-35415	128	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	128	2	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	128	3	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	128	4	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	128	5	0	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	129	1	h_indext herfindahl	ORG
cjfa-35415	129	2	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	129	3	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	134	1	ppe	ORG
cjfa-35415	139	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	139	2	years	DATE
cjfa-35415	140	1	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	140	2	prior years	DATE
cjfa-35415	141	1	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	141	2	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	142	1	a year	DATE
cjfa-35415	143	1	two	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	143	2	three	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	143	3	four years	DATE
cjfa-35415	144	1	approximately half	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	144	2	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	144	3	each year	DATE
cjfa-35415	145	1	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	145	2	annual	DATE
cjfa-35415	145	3	prior years	DATE
cjfa-35415	146	1	o	DATE
cjfa-35415	148	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	148	2	years	DATE
cjfa-35415	149	1	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	149	2	prior years	DATE
cjfa-35415	150	1	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	150	2	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	151	1	a year	DATE
cjfa-35415	152	1	two	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	152	2	three	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	152	3	four years	DATE
cjfa-35415	153	1	approximately half	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	153	2	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	153	3	each year	DATE
cjfa-35415	154	1	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	154	2	annual	DATE
cjfa-35415	154	3	prior years	DATE
cjfa-35415	155	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	155	2	35	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	155	3	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	155	4	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	155	5	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	155	6	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	155	7	rdm = r&d	PERSON
cjfa-35415	155	8	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	155	9	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	155	10	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	156	1	two	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	156	2	three	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	156	3	four years	DATE
cjfa-35415	157	1	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	158	1	the year	DATE
cjfa-35415	158	2	& hall	ORG
cjfa-35415	158	3	1987	DATE
cjfa-35415	160	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	160	2	nber	GPE
cjfa-35415	160	3	un	ORG
cjfa-35415	161	1	years	DATE
cjfa-35415	161	2	two years	DATE
cjfa-35415	162	1	earlier years	DATE
cjfa-35415	163	1	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	163	2	the same year	DATE
cjfa-35415	163	3	2001	DATE
cjfa-35415	164	1	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	166	1	tian & tice	ORG
cjfa-35415	166	2	2014	DATE
cjfa-35415	166	3	atanassov	ORG
cjfa-35415	166	4	2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	168	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	169	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	169	2	zero	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	169	3	before 1982	DATE
cjfa-35415	169	4	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	170	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	171	1	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	172	1	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	172	2	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	172	3	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	172	4	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	172	5	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	172	6	rdm = r&d	PERSON
cjfa-35415	172	7	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	172	8	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	172	9	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	173	1	two	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	173	2	three	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	173	3	four years	DATE
cjfa-35415	174	1	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	175	1	the year	DATE
cjfa-35415	175	2	& hall	ORG
cjfa-35415	175	3	1987	DATE
cjfa-35415	177	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	177	2	nber	GPE
cjfa-35415	177	3	un	ORG
cjfa-35415	178	1	years	DATE
cjfa-35415	178	2	two years	DATE
cjfa-35415	179	1	earlier years	DATE
cjfa-35415	180	1	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	180	2	the same year	DATE
cjfa-35415	180	3	2001	DATE
cjfa-35415	181	1	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	183	1	tian & tice	ORG
cjfa-35415	183	2	2014	DATE
cjfa-35415	183	3	atanassov	ORG
cjfa-35415	183	4	2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	185	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	186	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	186	2	zero	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	186	3	before 1982	DATE
cjfa-35415	186	4	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	187	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	188	1	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	189	1	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	189	2	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	189	3	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	189	4	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	189	5	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	189	6	rdm = r&d	PERSON
cjfa-35415	189	7	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	189	8	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	189	9	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	190	1	two	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	190	2	three	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	190	3	four years	DATE
cjfa-35415	191	1	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	192	1	the year	DATE
cjfa-35415	192	2	& hall	ORG
cjfa-35415	192	3	1987	DATE
cjfa-35415	194	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	194	2	nber	GPE
cjfa-35415	194	3	un	ORG
cjfa-35415	195	1	years	DATE
cjfa-35415	195	2	two years	DATE
cjfa-35415	196	1	earlier years	DATE
cjfa-35415	197	1	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	197	2	the same year	DATE
cjfa-35415	197	3	2001	DATE
cjfa-35415	198	1	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	200	1	tian & tice	ORG
cjfa-35415	200	2	2014	DATE
cjfa-35415	200	3	atanassov	ORG
cjfa-35415	200	4	2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	202	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	203	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	203	2	zero	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	203	3	before 1982	DATE
cjfa-35415	203	4	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	204	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	205	1	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	206	1	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	206	2	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	206	3	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	206	4	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	206	5	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	206	6	rdm = r&d	PERSON
cjfa-35415	206	7	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	206	8	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	206	9	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	207	1	two	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	207	2	three	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	207	3	four years	DATE
cjfa-35415	208	1	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	209	1	the year	DATE
cjfa-35415	209	2	& hall	ORG
cjfa-35415	209	3	1987	DATE
cjfa-35415	211	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	211	2	nber	GPE
cjfa-35415	211	3	un	ORG
cjfa-35415	212	1	years	DATE
cjfa-35415	212	2	two years	DATE
cjfa-35415	213	1	earlier years	DATE
cjfa-35415	214	1	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	214	2	the same year	DATE
cjfa-35415	214	3	2001	DATE
cjfa-35415	215	1	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	217	1	tian & tice	ORG
cjfa-35415	217	2	2014	DATE
cjfa-35415	217	3	atanassov	ORG
cjfa-35415	217	4	2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	219	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	220	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	220	2	zero	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	220	3	before 1982	DATE
cjfa-35415	220	4	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	221	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	222	1	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	223	1	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	223	2	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	223	3	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	224	1	two	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	224	2	three	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	224	3	four years	DATE
cjfa-35415	225	1	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	226	1	the year	DATE
cjfa-35415	226	2	& hall	ORG
cjfa-35415	226	3	1987	DATE
cjfa-35415	228	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	228	2	nber	GPE
cjfa-35415	228	3	un	ORG
cjfa-35415	229	1	years	DATE
cjfa-35415	229	2	two years	DATE
cjfa-35415	230	1	earlier years	DATE
cjfa-35415	231	1	a given year	DATE
cjfa-35415	231	2	the same year	DATE
cjfa-35415	231	3	2001	DATE
cjfa-35415	232	1	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	234	1	tian & tice	ORG
cjfa-35415	234	2	2014	DATE
cjfa-35415	234	3	atanassov	ORG
cjfa-35415	234	4	2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	236	1	li36	ORG
cjfa-35415	236	2	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	237	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	237	2	zero	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	237	3	before 1982	DATE
cjfa-35415	237	4	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	238	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	239	1	year	DATE
cjfa-35415	241	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	241	2	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	243	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	245	1	4	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	246	1	hindex2	PRODUCT
cjfa-35415	248	1	t × hindext	ORG
cjfa-35415	252	1	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	252	2	4	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	252	3	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	254	1	$1 million	MONEY
cjfa-35415	254	2	annual	DATE
cjfa-35415	254	3	the last two,	DATE
cjfa-35415	254	4	three	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	254	5	four years	DATE
cjfa-35415	254	6	2.133	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	254	7	3.269	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	254	8	4.635	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	256	1	about 90%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	256	2	firm-year	DATE
cjfa-35415	257	1	14.8%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	259	1	0.188	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	259	2	ppe	ORG
cjfa-35415	259	3	0.335	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	259	4	0.154	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	259	5	1.152	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	259	6	31 years	DATE
cjfa-35415	260	1	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	261	1	1.270	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	261	2	0.608 16,251	MONEY
cjfa-35415	261	3	1.265	MONEY
cjfa-35415	261	4	0.241	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	261	5	1.278	MONEY
cjfa-35415	261	6	1.502 16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	261	7	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	261	8	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	263	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	265	1	4	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	266	1	hindex2	PRODUCT
cjfa-35415	268	1	t × hindext	ORG
cjfa-35415	271	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	271	2	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	273	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	275	1	4	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	276	1	hindex2	PRODUCT
cjfa-35415	278	1	t × hindext	ORG
cjfa-35415	282	1	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	282	2	4	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	282	3	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	284	1	$1 million	MONEY
cjfa-35415	284	2	annual	DATE
cjfa-35415	284	3	the last two,	DATE
cjfa-35415	284	4	three	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	284	5	four years	DATE
cjfa-35415	284	6	2.133	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	284	7	3.269	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	284	8	4.635	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	286	1	about 90%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	286	2	firm-year	DATE
cjfa-35415	287	1	14.8%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	289	1	0.188	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	289	2	ppe	ORG
cjfa-35415	289	3	0.335	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	289	4	0.154	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	289	5	1.152	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	289	6	31 years	DATE
cjfa-35415	290	1	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	291	1	1.270	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	291	2	0.608 16,251	MONEY
cjfa-35415	291	3	1.265	MONEY
cjfa-35415	291	4	0.241	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	291	5	1.278	MONEY
cjfa-35415	291	6	1.502 16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	291	7	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	292	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	292	2	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	294	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	296	1	4	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	297	1	hindex2	PRODUCT
cjfa-35415	299	1	t × hindext	ORG
cjfa-35415	303	1	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	303	2	4	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	303	3	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	305	1	$1 million	MONEY
cjfa-35415	305	2	annual	DATE
cjfa-35415	305	3	the last two,	DATE
cjfa-35415	305	4	three	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	305	5	four years	DATE
cjfa-35415	305	6	2.133	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	305	7	3.269	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	305	8	4.635	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	307	1	about 90%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	307	2	firm-year	DATE
cjfa-35415	308	1	14.8%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	310	1	0.188	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	310	2	ppe	ORG
cjfa-35415	310	3	0.335	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	310	4	0.154	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	310	5	1.152	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	310	6	31 years	DATE
cjfa-35415	311	1	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	312	1	1.270	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	312	2	0.608 16,251	MONEY
cjfa-35415	312	3	1.265	MONEY
cjfa-35415	312	4	0.241	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	312	5	1.278	MONEY
cjfa-35415	312	6	1.502 16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	312	7	4	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	312	8	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	314	1	$1 million	MONEY
cjfa-35415	314	2	annual	DATE
cjfa-35415	314	3	the last two,	DATE
cjfa-35415	314	4	three	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	314	5	four years	DATE
cjfa-35415	314	6	2.133	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	314	7	3.269	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	314	8	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	314	9	37 4.635	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	316	1	about 90%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	316	2	firm-year	DATE
cjfa-35415	317	1	14.8%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	319	1	0.188	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	319	2	ppe	ORG
cjfa-35415	319	3	0.335	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	319	4	0.154	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	319	5	1.152	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	319	6	31 years	DATE
cjfa-35415	320	1	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	321	1	1.270	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	321	2	0.608 16,251	MONEY
cjfa-35415	321	3	1.265	MONEY
cjfa-35415	321	4	0.241	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	321	5	1.278	MONEY
cjfa-35415	321	6	1.502 16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	321	7	1 16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	321	8	0.148 0.170 0.066	MONEY
cjfa-35415	321	9	0.247	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	321	10	16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	322	1	hindex2	ORG
cjfa-35415	323	1	0.022 0.026 0.004	QUANTITY
cjfa-35415	323	2	16,251	MONEY
cjfa-35415	323	3	0.250 16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	323	4	0.188	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	323	5	0.309 16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	323	6	0.118	MONEY
cjfa-35415	323	7	16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	323	8	0.154	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	323	9	16,251	MONEY
cjfa-35415	323	10	1.152	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	323	11	16,251	MONEY
cjfa-35415	323	12	4.337	MONEY
cjfa-35415	325	1	41.178 57.790 16,251	MONEY
cjfa-35415	325	2	13	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	325	3	46 16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	325	4	25th	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	325	5	75th	LAW
cjfa-35415	329	1	1975	DATE
cjfa-35415	329	2	2017	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	330	1	sas	ORG
cjfa-35415	332	1	li38	ORG
cjfa-35415	332	2	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	332	3	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	333	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	334	1	$1 million	MONEY
cjfa-35415	334	2	annual	DATE
cjfa-35415	334	3	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	337	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	338	2	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	3	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	4	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	5	0.12	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	6	0.13	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	7	0.11	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	8	0.22	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	9	0.26	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	10	0.19	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	11	1.13	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	12	1.09	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	13	1.12	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	14	0.11	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	15	0.23	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	16	0.28	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	17	1.29	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	18	1.32	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	19	1.37	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	20	0.18	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	21	0.21	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	22	0.16	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	23	0.05	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	24	0.06	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	25	0.05	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	26	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	27	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	28	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	29	0.12	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	30	0.09	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	31	0.11	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	32	0.05	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	33	0.05	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	338	34	0.06	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	340	1	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	340	2	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	340	3	0.02	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	340	4	0.00	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	340	5	0.00	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	340	6	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	340	7	2.56	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	341	1	3.24	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	341	2	3.51	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	341	3	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	341	4	39	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	341	5	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	341	6	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	341	7	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	341	8	0.53	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	341	9	0.78	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	341	10	0.62	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	341	11	16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	341	12	16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	341	13	16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	342	1	0.34 0.34 0.35	QUANTITY
cjfa-35415	342	2	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	343	1	appendix a.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	345	1	10%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	345	2	5%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	345	3	1%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	345	4	two	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	346	1	o	DATE
cjfa-35415	346	2	sas	ORG
cjfa-35415	347	1	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	347	2	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	348	1	first	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	349	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	350	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	351	1	one	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	351	2	0.18	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	351	3	$1 million	MONEY
cjfa-35415	351	4	annual	DATE
cjfa-35415	351	5	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	352	1	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	2	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	3	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	4	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	5	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	6	0.17	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	7	0.21	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	8	0.19	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	9	0.31	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	10	0.37	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	11	0.29	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	12	-0.46 -0.39	PERSON
cjfa-35415	352	13	li40	PERSON
cjfa-35415	352	14	1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	15	2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	16	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	17	0.81	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	18	0.63	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	19	0.72	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	20	0.73	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	21	0.60	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	22	0.84	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	23	-0.27 -0.17	ORG
cjfa-35415	352	24	0.31	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	25	0.29	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	26	0.25	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	27	1.16	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	28	1.12	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	29	1.17	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	30	0.23	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	31	0.31	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	32	0.29	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	352	33	1.33	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	1	1.36	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	2	1.35	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	3	0.25	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	4	0.33	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	5	0.37	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	6	0.05	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	7	0.05	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	8	0.06	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	9	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	10	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	11	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	12	0.09	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	13	0.11	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	14	0.07	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	15	0.05	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	16	0.05	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	17	0.05	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	18	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	19	0.02	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	20	0.02	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	21	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	22	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	23	0.01	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	24	2.81	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	25	2.59	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	26	3.27	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	27	0.63	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	28	0.50	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	29	0.88	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	30	16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	31	16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	353	32	16,251	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	354	1	0.35 0.35 0.36	QUANTITY
cjfa-35415	355	1	second	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	356	1	appendix a.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	358	1	10%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	358	2	5%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	358	3	1%	PERCENT
cjfa-35415	358	4	two	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	359	1	o	DATE
cjfa-35415	359	2	sas	ORG
cjfa-35415	360	1	3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	361	1	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	361	2	41	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	361	3	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	367	1	j., & zingales	ORG
cjfa-35415	367	2	2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	369	1	american	NORP
cjfa-35415	369	2	103(1	DATE
cjfa-35415	369	3	277	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	371	1	h.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	371	2	hsu	PERSON
cjfa-35415	371	3	li	PERSON
cjfa-35415	371	4	d., & tseng	ORG
cjfa-35415	371	5	k.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	371	6	2021	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	372	1	american	NORP
cjfa-35415	373	1	journal of financial	ORG
cjfa-35415	373	2	56(1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	373	3	1-28	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	375	1	atanassov	ORG
cjfa-35415	375	2	j. (	PERSON
cjfa-35415	375	3	2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	378	1	68(3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	378	2	1097-1131	DATE
cjfa-35415	380	1	berger	PERSON
cjfa-35415	380	2	1993	DATE
cjfa-35415	382	1	journal of accounting research	ORG
cjfa-35415	382	2	31(2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	382	3	131	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	384	1	cappelen, a.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	384	2	raknerud, a., & rybalka	PERSON
cjfa-35415	384	3	m. (	PERSON
cjfa-35415	384	4	2011	DATE
cjfa-35415	386	1	41(2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	386	2	334	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	387	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.respol.2011.10.001	ORG
cjfa-35415	387	2	d.	NORP
cjfa-35415	387	3	& rosa	GPE
cjfa-35415	387	4	j.m.	GPE
cjfa-35415	387	5	2010	DATE
cjfa-35415	388	1	canadian	NORP
cjfa-35415	389	1	217	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	391	1	chang	PERSON
cjfa-35415	391	2	x.	GPE
cjfa-35415	391	3	hilary	GPE
cjfa-35415	391	4	kang	PERSON
cjfa-35415	391	5	w.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	391	6	2015	DATE
cjfa-35415	393	1	insead	PERSON
cjfa-35415	393	2	2013/35	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	393	3	http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/	PERSON
cjfa-35415	394	1	chircop	PERSON
cjfa-35415	394	2	j., collins	ORG
cjfa-35415	394	3	d.w.	GPE
cjfa-35415	394	4	hass	ORG
cjfa-35415	394	5	l.h.	GPE
cjfa-35415	394	6	& nguyen	ORG
cjfa-35415	394	7	n.q.	GPE
cjfa-35415	394	8	2020	DATE
cjfa-35415	396	1	95(4	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	396	2	127	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	398	1	edler	ORG
cjfa-35415	398	2	j., & fagerberg	ORG
cjfa-35415	398	3	j.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	398	4	2017	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	400	1	oxford	NORP
cjfa-35415	400	2	33(1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	400	3	2-23	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	402	1	li42 eng	GPE
cjfa-35415	402	2	j.j.	GPE
cjfa-35415	402	3	m. (2001	PERSON
cjfa-35415	404	1	journal of accounting	ORG
cjfa-35415	404	2	16(2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	404	3	117	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	405	1	0148558x0101600204	DATE
cjfa-35415	407	1	2005	DATE
cjfa-35415	408	1	london	GPE
cjfa-35415	409	1	tian	PERSON
cjfa-35415	409	2	x.	GPE
cjfa-35415	409	3	s.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	409	4	2014	DATE
cjfa-35415	411	1	69(5	DATE
cjfa-35415	411	2	2085-2125	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	412	1	francis	PERSON
cjfa-35415	412	2	j., & smith	ORG
cjfa-35415	412	3	1995	DATE
cjfa-35415	414	1	19(2-3	DATE
cjfa-35415	414	2	383	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	415	1	http://dx.doi	PERSON
cjfa-35415	415	2	4101(94)00389	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	415	3	m. gaessler	PERSON
cjfa-35415	415	4	f., hall	PERSON
cjfa-35415	415	5	b.h.	GPE
cjfa-35415	415	6	2021	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	417	1	50(1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	417	2	104	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	418	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.104129	LANGUAGE
cjfa-35415	419	1	z.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	419	2	a., & hall	ORG
cjfa-35415	419	3	1987	DATE
cjfa-35415	422	1	p. stoneman	PERSON
cjfa-35415	424	1	cambridge	GPE
cjfa-35415	424	2	cambridge university press	ORG
cjfa-35415	425	1	1993	DATE
cjfa-35415	426	1	the eighties	DATE
cjfa-35415	427	1	j. poterba	GPE
cjfa-35415	429	1	cambridge	GPE
cjfa-35415	430	1	b.h.	GPE
cjfa-35415	430	2	j.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	430	3	2010	DATE
cjfa-35415	432	1	b.h. hall	GPE
cjfa-35415	432	2	n. rosenberg	PERSON
cjfa-35415	434	1	new york	GPE
cjfa-35415	436	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-7218(10)01014-2	PERSON
cjfa-35415	436	2	b.h.	GPE
cjfa-35415	436	3	j. (	PERSON
cjfa-35415	436	4	2000	DATE
cjfa-35415	439	1	29(4	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	439	2	449	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	440	1	7333(99)00085-2	DATE
cjfa-35415	440	2	b.h.	GPE
cjfa-35415	440	3	jaffe, a., & trajtenberg	ORG
cjfa-35415	440	4	2001	DATE
cjfa-35415	441	1	nber patent	ORG
cjfa-35415	442	1	nber	ORG
cjfa-35415	442	2	8498	DATE
cjfa-35415	443	1	http://dx.doi	PERSON
cjfa-35415	444	1	b.h.	GPE
cjfa-35415	444	2	jaffe, a., & trajtenberg	ORG
cjfa-35415	444	3	2005	DATE
cjfa-35415	446	1	the rand journal of economics	ORG
cjfa-35415	446	2	36(1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	446	3	16	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	447	1	j., & tian	ORG
cjfa-35415	447	2	x.	GPE
cjfa-35415	447	3	2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	449	1	journal of financial economics	ORG
cjfa-35415	449	2	109(3	DATE
cjfa-35415	449	3	856	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	451	1	kahn	PERSON
cjfa-35415	451	2	2018	DATE
cjfa-35415	453	1	61(3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	453	2	453	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	454	1	manso	PERSON
cjfa-35415	454	2	2011	DATE
cjfa-35415	456	1	66(5	ORG
cjfa-35415	456	2	1823-1860	DATE
cjfa-35415	458	1	w.m.	GPE
cjfa-35415	458	2	1993	DATE
cjfa-35415	460	1	22(4	ORDINAL
cjfa-35415	460	2	337	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	461	1	http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(93)90004-2	FAC
cjfa-35415	462	1	http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1177/0148558x0101600204 http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1177/0148558x0101600204	LOC
cjfa-35415	462	2	1981	DATE
cjfa-35415	462	3	43	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	462	4	merz	PERSON
cjfa-35415	462	5	m.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	462	6	2021	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	464	1	30(3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	464	2	284	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	466	1	mohnen	ORG
cjfa-35415	466	2	a., & verspagen	ORG
cjfa-35415	466	3	2017	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	467	1	netherlands	GPE
cjfa-35415	467	2	2007-2013	DATE
cjfa-35415	468	1	oxford	NORP
cjfa-35415	468	2	33(1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	468	3	141	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	470	1	stewart	PERSON
cjfa-35415	470	2	l.a.	GPE
cjfa-35415	470	3	warda	GPE
cjfa-35415	470	4	j., & atkinson	ORG
cjfa-35415	470	5	r.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	470	6	2012	DATE
cjfa-35415	471	1	27	MONEY
cjfa-35415	471	2	the united states	GPE
cjfa-35415	471	3	https://itif.org/publications/2012/07/19/ we%e2%80%99re-27-united-states	PERSON
cjfa-35415	472	1	2014	DATE
cjfa-35415	473	1	european union	ORG
cjfa-35415	474	1	copernican journal of finance & accounting	ORG
cjfa-35415	474	2	3(1	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	474	3	145	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	475	1	j.w.	GPE
cjfa-35415	476	1	1991	DATE
cjfa-35415	478	1	the american taxation association	ORG
cjfa-35415	478	2	13(2	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	478	3	1-29	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	479	1	w.	PERSON
cjfa-35415	479	2	2018	DATE
cjfa-35415	480	1	polish	NORP
cjfa-35415	481	1	copernican journal of finance & accounting	ORG
cjfa-35415	481	2	7(3	CARDINAL
cjfa-35415	481	3	71-88	DATE