Microsoft Word - 02 Kadek.docx COUNS-EDU ¨The International Journal of Counseling and Education Vol.6, No.1, 2021, pp. 11-18 | p-ISSN: 2548-348X- e-ISSN: 2548-3498 http://journal.konselor.or.id/index.php/counsedu DOI: 10.23916/0020210634010 Received on 03/19/2021 Revised on 04/17/2021; Accepted on 05/19/2021; Published on: 06/30/2021 11 Self-help online psychoeducation to overcome anxiety during covid-19 outbreak 1Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Indonesia 2 Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness and relaxation techniques with self-help methods through web tutorials to overcome anxiety during the Covid-19 outbreak. Random control trial experiment performed by invite 418 Balinese Community (Age 15 years and above) to preliminary screening on anxiety sub-scale of 21-DASS. A total of 129 participants who met the random assignment criteria were then grouped into three groups, namely experimental group 1 who will take self-help mindfulness exercises, experimental group 2 who will participate in self-help relaxation exercises, and waiting-list control group. The results of study shows that web-based self-help mindfulness and relaxation tutorials are effective for reducing anxiety levels. The comparison of the two also shows that mindfulness techniques are more effective than relaxation techniques. The results of this study have theoretical and practical implications in efforts to overcome anxiety disorders experienced during the Covid-19 outbreak. Keywords: Online psycho education, mindfulness, relaxation, anxiety, covid-19 outbreak. How to Cite: Suranata, K., Ifdil, I., Gading, I., & Permana, A. (2021). Self-help online psychoeducation to overcome anxiety during covid-19 outbreak.. COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education, 6(1). 11-18 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.23916/0020210634010 This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ©2021by author. Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has become a public health emergency that has attracted worldwide attention since it was first announced by WHO in early 2020. This pandemic situation then had a wide impact on the lives of almost most people, from health, socioeconomic, and also education (Nicola et al., 2020; Noda, 2020; Troutman-Jordan & Kazemi, 2020) In addition to threatening physical health due to exposure to the virus, Covid-19 also has a serious impact on people’s mental health (Harlianty et al., 2020; Mehrsafar et al., 2020; Ransing et al., 2020; Yan et al., 2020). Various psychological disorders have been reported during the pandemic, both at the individual, community and global levels (Salari et al., 2020). At the individual level, during the pandemic, several studies have reported a high tendency for people who experience excessive fear and anxiety to be exposed to viruses, stress, and even become at risk of depression (Fardin, 2020; J. Li et al., 2020; Salari et al., 2020). The threat of the Covid-19 pandemic on people’s mental health also occurs in Indonesia. The survey results of the Association of Indonesian Psychiatrist (PSDKJI) reported three psychological problems with a fairly high prevalence experienced by the community, namely anxiety, depression, and psychological trauma (PDSKJI, 2020). This pandemic has also triggered a decline in the level of life satisfaction and psychological well-being of the community (Lee, 2020; S. Li et al., 2020). Psychological problems due to the *)Corresponding author, +e-mail: ifdil@fip.unp.ac.id Kadek Suranata1, Ifdil Ifdil2*) , Ketut Gading1, Agus Aan Jiwa Permana1 COUNS-EDU ¨ Vol.6, No.1, 2021 Available online: http://journal.konselor.or.id/index.php/counsedu Suranata, K. et al Self-help online psychoeducation to overcome anxiety during covid-19 outbreak | | 12 Indonesian Counselor Association (IKI) | DOI: 10.23916/0020210634010 Covid-19 pandemic are not only at risk for adults but also threaten the mental health and psychological well- being of children and adolescents (UNICEF, 2021). Anxiety is one of the psychological and emotional impacts experienced by most people due to the Covid-19 pandemic (Roy et al., 2020). At least 1 in 5 adults in Indonesia reported experiencing anxiety and psychological stress (Ifdil et al., 2021; Ifdil, Yuca, et al., 2020). The study of Brooks et al., (2020) showed that people who were isolated and quarantined due to social distancing during pandemic experienced significant levels of anxiety. Empirical evidence related to the high level of anxiety experienced by the community due to the Covid-19 pandemic shows the need for psychological assistance for the community in reducing the anxiety experienced, so that they are able to have good mental health in order to function optimally. One of the efforts that can be done is through online-based psychoeducation and counseling (Fathiyah et al., 2021; Ifdil, Fadli, et al., 2020). This study aims to compare online self-help psychoeducation in overcoming the level of anxiety experienced by the community due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Online psychoeducation is packaged in an online self-help method through website tutorials, so that people can get psychological assistance through certain technique exercises independently without having to come to the counselor’s place (Suranata et al., 2020). There are two techniques involved in this study, namely meditation mindfulness and simple relaxations. Relaxation is a therapy technique that developed on a cognitive behavioral approach aimed to overcoming emotional disorders, including anxiety, depression, stress, angry disorders, by creating relaxation in all parts of the body (Deffenbacher et al., 1987)). In this study, relaxation techniques will be compared with Mindfulness, which also develops in the Cognitive behavioral tradition, oriented towards self-awareness and self-discovery (Bäuerle, 2020; Ge, 2019; Nell, 2016) Method Research Procedure This study followed a randomized control trial (RCT) experimental design involving three groups of respondents who had previously attended an initial screening (pre-test) by measuring the level of anxiety. Then a random sampling procedure was performed to obtain two experimental groups and one control group. The experimental group 1 will participate in self-help mindfulness, while the experimental group 2 will participate in self-help relaxation. Both method will conducted online, while the control group (waiting list control) did not follow any self-help method. After the self-help procedure was completed, the three groups of subjects would attend the post-test. Research Subject Figure 1. Sample Selection and Redention of Study (Figure with permission ©Suranata, et.,all 2021) COUNS-EDU ¨ The International Journal of Counseling and Education Vol.6, No.1, 2021 Self-help online psychoeducation to overcome anxiety during covid-19 outbreak | 13 Indonesian Counselor Association (IKI) | DOI: 10.23916/0020210634010 Through the RCT procedure, a total of 418 Balinese aged 15 years and over were invited to take part in the initial screening through an online survey with 7 items Anxiety sub-scales of Indonesian version of DASS-21. Only 129 (75 men, 54 women, mean of age 26.7 years) met the criteria, namely experiencing anxiety disorders in the moderate to very high category based on the results of anxiety measurements. The procedure for selecting subjects in this study is described in Figure 1 Research Instrument The instrument for measuring anxiety levels in this study used 7 items Anxiety subscales of Indonesian version DASS-21. DASS-21 is an abbreviated version of DASS-42 as a scale for measuring symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress that has been used worldwide (Scholten, Velten, Bieda, Zhang, & Margraf, 2017), including in Asia and Indonesia (Bibi, Lin, Zhang, & Margraf, 2020; Danamik, 2007; Ratanasiripong et al., 2016; Wah, 2013). DASS-21 has also been used from children to adults (Patrick, Dyck, & Bramston, 2010). The DASS-21 anxiety subscale consists of 7 items designed to measure anxiety symptoms (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). The anxiety subscale from DASS-21 is a self-rapport questionnaire method based on a four-point rating scale, ranging from 0 (not happen to me at all) to 3 (very often happens to me). Participants rated each statement on the DASS-21 anxiety subscale that they experienced during the past week. The level of anxiety is obtained by adding up the ratings for each item on the DASS-21 anxiety subscale. The internal reliability of the DASS-21 scale in the Indonesian population was reported by (Onie Kirana, A. C., Mustika, N. P., Adesla, V., & Ibrahim, R., 2020) with an MCDONALD’S value in the anxiety subcategory of 0.78. In this study, the internal reliability of Cronbach’s alpha for the anxiety subcategory is 0.80, with the internal reliability of each item based on the item-rest correlation ranging from .30 to .86 which indicates that the items on the anxiety subscale DASS-21 have very good internal reliability. Treatment Protocol The procedure for self-help mindfulness and relaxation exercises is carried out online through SI-Konseling, a web-based psychoeducation and counseling system. To access the system, participants in the experimental group 1 and experiment 2 login using the username and password that have been provided on the https://sikonseling.com/. After logging in, both groups of experiments accessed the dashboard page for general instructions for participating in the self-help exercise. Furthermore, the experimental group 1 will access the mindfulness exercise menu, while the experimental group 2 will access the relaxation exercise menu. There is a discussion box in each exercise menu to facilitate if participants experience problems or want to discuss with the facilitator (counselor). At the end of the exercise menu, there is a exercise form that aims to reveal the progress of each participant’s exercise achievements. The appearance of SI-Konseling can be seen in Figure 2. Figure 2. The appearance of SI-Konseling (Figure with permission ©Suranata, et.,all 2021) Ethical Consideration This study was approved by the Research and Community services Review Board of the researcher's Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia (No 952/UN48.16/LT/2021). All Subjects involved in this study were given a full explanation of the study purpose and procedures, including issues of COUNS-EDU ¨ Vol.6, No.1, 2021 Available online: http://journal.konselor.or.id/index.php/counsedu Suranata, K. et al Self-help online psychoeducation to overcome anxiety during covid-19 outbreak | | 14 Indonesian Counselor Association (IKI) | DOI: 10.23916/0020210634010 privacy, and possible benefits and inconveniences of taking part. Subjects were informed that they could withdraw at any time, and all gave informed consent. Data Analysis Procedure The statistical program JASP version 0.13 for Mac was used in data analysis related to the presentation of descriptive data and ANCOVA. Although in this study a random assignment procedure for sample selection was carried out, to avoid bias caused by the inequality of initial conditions in each group of participants in the study, the data analyzed in ANCOVA was the data gains score in each group. The normalized gains score is the value of the difference between the post-test and pre-test which is normalized through the measurement ideal score. Datasets and statistical analysis results for the ANCOVA can be accessed at https://osf.io/58td7/. Results and Discussions The descriptive data showing anxiety conditions in the pre-test and post-test of experimental group 1 (mindfulness), experiment 2 (relaxation), and the waiting list control group, as presented in table 1. Table 1. Pretest-Posttest Gains Score Anxiety Among Groups Pre-anxiety Post-anxiety Gains-anxiety Mindfulness Relaxation WL control Mindfulness Relaxation WL control Mindfulness Relaxation WL control Mean 16.529 14.909 14.875 12.971 14.418 16.825 -0.203 -0.030 0.088 Sd 1.674 1.898 2.151 0.627 2.149 2.147 0.124 0.120 0.136 The descriptive data in table 1 shows that the average anxiety scores in the three groups are not equal, so the decision to use the gain score for decision making and hypothesis testing in this study is correct. From the descriptive data, it can be seen that the group of subjects who participated in the self-help mindfulness exercise showed the most significant decrease in anxiety scores between the pre-test and post-test. The group of subjects who took the relaxation self-help exercise also showed a decrease in anxiety, but lower than the group that took the mindfulness self-help exercise. While the waiting-list control group actually showed an increase in anxiety. Figure 3 shows how the tendency of anxiety in each group changed from pre-test to post- test. Figure 3. Gains Score Anxiety Among Groups (Figure with permission ©Suranata, et.,all 2021) Figure 2 shows how the pretest and posttest anxiety scores change based on the gain score in each group. The group that took self-help mindfulness exercises and relaxation self-help exercises showed a decrease in anxiety scores which was indicated by a negative gain score or below zero. Meanwhile, the pretest and posttest anxiety scores of the waiting-list control group were above zero, indicating that COUNS-EDU ¨ The International Journal of Counseling and Education Vol.6, No.1, 2021 Self-help online psychoeducation to overcome anxiety during covid-19 outbreak | 15 Indonesian Counselor Association (IKI) | DOI: 10.23916/0020210634010 participants in this group experienced an increase in anxiety scores. From this plot, it can also be seen that the group that followed the self-help mindfulness exercise showed a greater reduction in anxiety than the group that took the relaxation self-help exercise. The ANACOVA test was conducted to examine the effect of interventions (self-help mindfulness and self-help relaxation exercises) on anxiety by controlling for age and gender variables. The results of the ANACOVA analysis are shown in table 2. Table 2. The ANACOVA of Gains score Anxiety between groups of study control by Age and Gender Cases Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p η² Group 1.563 2 0.781 48.800 < .001 0.439 AGE 0.014 1 0.014 0.860 0.355 0.004 Gender 9.647e -4 1 9.647e -4 0.060 0.807 2.708e -4 Residuals 1.985 124 0.016 Note. Type III Sum of Squares The ANACOVA results in table 2 show that there is a significant difference in anxiety between the three intervention groups F(2,124) = 48.80, p < .001, and the effect size on η² is .439 (moderate effect). Meanwhile, both age and gender variables have no significant effect. These results indicate that the influence of the intervention involved in this study (mindfulness and relaxation) affects all age groups as well as in both male and female groups. Table 3. Tukey Post-Hoc Comparasions of Anxiety Among Groups Mean Difference SE t p tukey self-help mindfulness self-help relaxation -0.172 0.028 -6.188 < .001 Waiting list control -0.291 0.030 -9.860 < .001 self-help relaxation Waiting list control -0.120 0.026 -4.533 < .001 Note. P-value adjusted for comparing a family of 3 The post-hoc comparison in table 3 shows that the difference in gain scores in each group is significant. The group that took the self-help mindfulness exercise showed a higher reduction in anxiety than the group that took the relaxation self-help exercise and the waiting-list control group, while the group that took the relaxation self-help exercise significantly also experienced a higher reduction in anxiety than the waiting-list group. control list. The results of this analysis basically show that self-help mindfulness and relaxation self-help exercises based on web tutorials are effective methods to reduce anxiety levels. When both compared, self-help mindfulness exercises achieved more effective results. This study supports the evidence from previous studies on the use of relaxation techniques in CBT or other approaches (Chol, 2010; Dehghan-nayeri & Adib-Hajbaghery, 2011; Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Roemer et al., 2013; Klainin-Yobas et al., 2015; Li, Y. et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2020) as well as Mindfulness (Abbasi, Shariati, & Tajikzade, 2018; Keye & Pidgeon, 2013; Moir et al., 2016; Jones et al., 2014) to overcome anxiety and other emotional disorders such as worry, angry disorder, depression, and stress. The results of this study support empirical evidence that online-based psychoeducation methods are effective interventions to reduce anxiety (Jeffrey et al., 2020; Taylor-Rodgers & Batterham, 2014). The results of this study also show that online psychoeducation and counseling methods are effectively used to improve mental health and psychological well-being (Ardi & Ifdil, 2013; Hastuti & Tyas, 2021; K Suranata et al., 2020). The results of this study contributed positively to the provision of psychological assistance to the community after the Covid-19 pandemic. The online self-help method in this study can be considered as a solution in dealing with anxiety disorders in the community due to the Covid-19 outbreak. COUNS-EDU ¨ Vol.6, No.1, 2021 Available online: http://journal.konselor.or.id/index.php/counsedu Suranata, K. et al Self-help online psychoeducation to overcome anxiety during covid-19 outbreak | | 16 Indonesian Counselor Association (IKI) | DOI: 10.23916/0020210634010 Conclusions Based on the results of this study, it was found that online and web based tutorial self-help mindfulness and relaxation exercises were effective in reducing the anxiety experienced by people during the Covid-19 outbreak. The comparison between the two techniques shows that the mindfulness meditation technique has a higher effect on reducing anxiety. The findings in this study have implications for efforts to help people improve their mental and emotional health during the Covid-19 outbreak. Acknowledgments This study founding by BNPB in collaboration with Ministry of Culture and Education RistekBrin Republic of Indonesia, research grand Ideathon Bali Kembali No 333/E.41/AK.04/PT/2021 years 2021. References Ardi, Z., & Ifdil, I. (2013). Konseling Online Sebagai Salah Satu Bentuk Pelayanan E-konseling. Jurnal Konseling Dan Pendidikan, 1(1), 15–22. Bäuerle, A. (2020). ). E-mental health mindfulness-based and skills-based “CoPE It” intervention to reduce psychological distress in times of COVID-19: study protocol for a bicentre longitudinal study. BMJ Open, 10(8). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039646 Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8 Chol, Y. K. (2010). The effect of music and progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety, fatigue, and quality of life in family caregivers of hospice patients. Journal of Music Therapy, 47(1), 53–69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/47.1.53 Deffenbacher, J. L., Story, D. A., Stark, R. S., Hogg, J. A., & Brandon, A. D. (1987). Cognitive-Relaxation and Social Skills Interventions in the Treatment of General Anger. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34(2), 171–176. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.34.2.171 Dehghan-nayeri, N., & Adib-Hajbaghery, M. (2011). Effects of progressive relaxation on anxiety and quality of life in female students: A non-randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 19(4), 194–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2011.06.002 Fardin, M. A. (2020). Covid-19 and anxiety: A review of psychological impacts of infectious disease outbreaks. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15(COVID-19), 15–17. https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid.102779 Fathiyah, K. N., Widyastuti, T., Setiawati, F. A., & Romadhani, R. K. (2021). Improving Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic through Online Psychoeducation. 3(2), 72–79. Ge, J. (2019). Self-compassion and subjective well-being mediate the impact of mindfulness on balanced time perspective in Chinese college students. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00367 Harlianty, R. A., Widyastuti, T., Mukhlis, H., & Susanti, S. (2020). Study on Awareness of Covid-19, Anxiety and Compliance on Social Distancing in Indonesia During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. 2019, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-44598/v1 Hastuti, M. M. S., & Tyas, P. H. P. (2021). Online Media Usage in Guidance and Counseling Services during Covid-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 6(2), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.17977/um001v6i22021p060-070 Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Borkovec, T. D. (2013). A Contemporary View of Applied Relaxation for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 42(4), 292–302. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2013.777106 Ifdil, I., Fadli, R. P., Suranata, K., Zola, N., & Ardi, Z. (2020). Online mental health service in Indonesia during the COVID-19 outbreak. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(January). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102153 Ifdil, I., Putri, Y. E., & Amalianita, B. (2021). Stress and anxiety among adolescents, during the covid-19 outbreak. KONSELOR, 10(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/0202094111941-0-00 Ifdil, I., Yuca, V., & Yendi, F. M. (2020). Stress and anxiety among late adulthood in Indonesia during COUNS-EDU ¨ The International Journal of Counseling and Education Vol.6, No.1, 2021 Self-help online psychoeducation to overcome anxiety during covid-19 outbreak | 17 Indonesian Counselor Association (IKI) | DOI: 10.23916/0020210634010 COVID-19 outbreak. JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia), 6(2), 31. https://doi.org/10.29210/02020612 Jeffrey, C., Peltier, C., & Vannest, K. (2020). The Effects of an Online Psychoeducational Workshop to Decrease Anxiety and Increase Empowerment in Victims of Trolling and Cyberbullying. Journal of Online Learning Research, 6(3), 267–298. Klainin-Yobas, P., Oo, W. N., Suzanne Yew, P. Y., & Lau, Y. (2015). Effects of relaxation interventions on depression and anxiety among older adults: A systematic review. Aging and Mental Health, 19(12), 1043–1055. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.997191 Lee, J. (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(6), 421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30109-7 Li, Y., W., R., Tang, J., Chen, C., Tan, L., Wu, Z., …, & Wang, X. (2015). Progressive muscle relaxation improves anxiety and depression of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2011.06.002 Li, J., Yang, Z., Qiu, H., Wang, Y., Jian, L., Ji, J., & Li, K. (2020). Anxiety and depression among general population in China at the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic. World Psychiatry, 19(2), 249–250. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20758 Li, S., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Zhao, N., & Zhu, T. (2020). The impact of covid-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: A study on active weibo users. Int J Environ Res Public Health [revista en Internet] 2020 [acceso 13 de abril de 202021]; 30(3): 201-205. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7143846/pdf/ijerph-17-02032.pdf Liu, K., Chen, Y., Wu, D., Lin, R., Wang, Z., & Pan, L. (2020). Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101132 Mehrsafar, A. H., Gazerani, P., Zadeh, A. M., & Sanchez, J. C. (2020). Adressing potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of elite athletes. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87(January), 147–148. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.011 Nell, W. (2016). Mindfulness and psychological well-being among black South African university students and their relatives. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 26(6), 485–490. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2016.1250419 Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, M., & Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018 Noda, Y. (2020). Socioeconomical transformation and mental health impact by the COVID-19’s ultimate VUCA era: Toward the New Normal, the New Japan, and the New World. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(January). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102262 PDSKJI. (2020). 5 Bulan Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Persatuan Dokter Spesialis Kedokteran Jiwa Indonesia. http://pdskji.org/home Ransing, R., Kar, K. S., & Menon, V. (2020). National helpline for mental health during COVID-19 pandemic in India: New opportunity and challenges ahead. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(January). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102447 Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kumar, S., & Sharma, N. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian. Asian Journal of Psychiatry Journal, January. Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health, 16(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w Suranata, K, Rangka, I. B., & Permana, A. A. J. (2020). The comparative effect of internet-based cognitive behavioral counseling versus face to face cognitive behavioral counseling in terms of student’s resilience. Cogent Psychology. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23311908.2020.1751022 Taylor-Rodgers, E., & Batterham, P. J. (2014). Evaluation of an online psychoeducation intervention to promote mental health help seeking attitudes and intentions among young adults: Randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 168, 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.047 COUNS-EDU ¨ Vol.6, No.1, 2021 Available online: http://journal.konselor.or.id/index.php/counsedu Suranata, K. et al Self-help online psychoeducation to overcome anxiety during covid-19 outbreak | | 18 Indonesian Counselor Association (IKI) | DOI: 10.23916/0020210634010 Troutman-Jordan, M., & Kazemi, D. M. (2020). COVID-19’s impact on the mental health of older adults: Increase in isolation, depression, and suicide risk. An urgent call for action. Public Health Nursing, 37(5), 637–638. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12774 UNICEF. (2021). The State of the World’s Children 2021. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/reports/state- worlds-children-2021 Yan, B., Nie, G., & Huang, Y. (2020). China’s experience on mental health in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(January). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102205