# bib

id: cross-1530
author: Karczewski, Daniel
title: Editorial
date: 2021-03-27
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 465
sentence: 22
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cross-1530.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1530.txt
summary:
  Departing from semantic field analysis, the paper by Izabela Sekścińska and Agnieszka Piórkowska is a qualitative corpus analysis that provides a definition of Brexit. A Journal of English Studies 31 (2020) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Editorial This special issue brings together six original articles that view language through a cognitive lens.


id: cross-1814
author: Karczewska, Anna Maria
title: Introduction to the Special Issue "Risk: Intercultural and Interdisciplinary Perspectives"
date: 2022-10-01
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1213
sentence: 75
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cross-1814.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1814.txt
summary:
  In this understanding, risk cannot be totally controlled by mankind. Risk in the Middle Ages meant danger, an act of God or force majeure, so it was understood as a natural event (Kelly 2018: 21).


id: cross-1962
author: Szołtysek, Julia
date: 2023-03-05
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1412
sentence: 45
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cross-1962.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1962.txt
title:
  Nineteenth-Century Visions of Race: British Travel Writing about America by Justyna Fruzińska, Routledge, 2021, 158 pp. ISBN 9781032129327. £ 104.

summary:
  This accounts for an innovative perspective filling the gap in travel writing studies that have hitherto rarely joined forces with minority discourses, and if they have, this was usually to uphold the kind of white supremacist thinking and imaging that Fruzińska s̓ work seeks to dismantle. Fruzińska s̓ writing style is original, well-paced, and elegant, thus making up an inspiring and gratifying reading experience.


id: cross-1739
author: Moroz, Grzegorz
date: 2022-03-20
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1641
sentence: 47
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cross-1739.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1739.txt
title:
  The 1940s: A Decade of Modern British Fiction, edited by Philip Tew and Glynn White, London, Bloomsbury Academic, 2022, (PDF) x + 347 pp., ISBN ePDF: 978-1-3501-4303-6, £117 

summary:
  “From the ranks,” the third mini-essay, is a survey of shorter fiction and novels written by Gerald Kersh and Julian Maclaren-Ross. Philips analyses such novels as Mary Renault’s The Friendly Young Ladies, Stella Gibbons’s Ticky, Nancy Mitford’s The Persuit of Love, Jean Rhys’s Good Morning, Midnight, and The Parasites by Daphne du Maurier.


id: cross-1773
author: Kucała, Bożena; Piątek, Beata
title: House and home in literature: Introductory remarks
date: 2022-08-01
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 912
sentence: 58
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cross-1773.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1773.txt
summary:
  a Journal of English studiEs 36 (2022) (CC BY-nC-sa 4.0) BOŻeNa KucaŁa, BeaTa piĄTeK House and home in literature: introductory remarks The articles that comprise this volume illustrate a spectrum of literary representations of house and home: the architecture of the house, the house as a material inscription of national history (Topolovská), the house as a spatio-temporal entity preserving the past and connecting past and present (Kucała), home as a space of domestic dis comfort (Piątek), home as a site of individual and collective identity (Dudek), the country and its geography as a hospitable or inhospitable homeland (Klonowska), the politics of the house, dwellings as exteriorisations of social and ethnic divisions (Klonowska, Jęczmińska). The primary distinction between the concepts of house and home alone has given rise to manifold types of research.


id: cross-540
author: Doleží, Linda; Kurfürstová, Petra; Šafratová, Iveta
title: Acquisition of polarity items in Czech children: An experimental study
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6214
sentence: 378
flesch: 67
cache: cache/cross-540.pdf
txt: txt/cross-540.txt
summary:
  During her studies she was interested not only in child language acquisition and in teaching methodology but also in teaching Czech as a second language. In the current Czech linguistic environment and renewed interest in child language the main attention has been paid to pre-school age language acquisition, e.g. Smolík & Bláhová (2017); Smolík & Seidlová Málková (2014); Saicová Římalová (2013); Doleží (2014); Mertins et al. (2014).


id: cross-1737
author: Popy, Shirin Akter
date: 2022-03-20
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6138
sentence: 310
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cross-1737.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1737.txt
title:
  A politics of métissage: Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts 

summary:
  Maxine Hong Kingston’s In The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts (1976), Maxine Hong Kingston combines numerous voices into the (auto)biographical “I” as well as various forms in the narrative to express her identity as comprising manifold, different elements.


id: cross-1658
author: Islam, Khandakar Ashraful
title: Biopolitical Nomos and “Bare Life” in Arundhati Roy’s Novels
date: 2021-11-25
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6203
sentence: 321
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-1658.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1658.txt
summary:
  In many of her essays, debunking the shining image of India Roy has exposed the real plights, sufferings, and challenges of Indian mass people. In TMUH Roy depicts that the rise of the dominant political ideology is the major catalyst behind the “living dead” condition of the minority Muslims in India.


id: cross-1778
author: Klonowska, Barbara
title: Australia as an (in)hospitable home in Peter Carey’s A Long Way from Home (2017)
date: 2022-08-01
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6940
sentence: 287
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cross-1778.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1778.txt
summary:
  It is also the first of Carey’s novels to take up the issue of non-white Australia, as it introduces characters who represent not just the white middle class but also immigrants and First Nations; it is also the first of his works that refers to the history of the country’s racism. The article will discuss how the novel represents indifference, intoler- ance and discrimination developed first at the political level, comprising the status and legal situation of non-white characters; then at the social level, shown in common and state-induced prejudice; and finally at the level of imagery, which metaphorically employs landscape and architecture to visualise the observed divisions between the two Australias.


id: cross-1556
author: Wood, Karl
date: 2021-03-31
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6714
sentence: 311
flesch: 66
cache: cache/cross-1556.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1556.txt
title:
  A window into short-story construction: Richard Yates’ “Builders” and questions of the autobiographical content of his work

summary:
  This was something the critic was willing to concede had been achieved in Yates’ first novel Revolutionary Road and his stories from the 1950s collected in Eleven Kinds of Loneliness (work all written prior to “Builders”), suggesting that the ‘decline’ of Yates writing came with the turn to his own lived experience. For instance, Robert Tower wrote in his review of Yates’ second collection of short stories Liars in Love (1981) that Yates’ longer work, including his later novels short stories, appears to lack the ability of his early work “to escape the 54 ......................................................................................... CROSSROADS.


id: cross-1963
author: Karczewska, Anna Maria
date: 2023-03-05
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2310
sentence: 141
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cross-1963.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1963.txt
title:
  Latin American Documentary Narratives. The Intersections of Storytelling and Journalism in Contemporary Literature by Liliana Chávez Díaz, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2021, 312 pp. ISBN: 9781501366031. £ 64.80.

summary:
  Liliana Chávez Díaz, who specializes in contemporary Latin American narrative, and who has been a cultural and investigative journalist, in her recently published book Latin American Documentary Narratives. However, once Chávez moves to the analysis of the primary texts, Latin American Documentary Narratives shines.


id: cross-1774
author: Kucała, Bożena
title: Housing the past: Victorian houses in neo-Victorian fiction
date: 2022-08-01
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6977
sentence: 332
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cross-1774.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1774.txt
summary:
  a Journal of English studiEs 36 (2022) (CC BY-nC-sa 4.0) BOŻENA KUCAŁA1 DOi: 10.15290/cR.2022.36.1.01 Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9882-9305 Housing the past: Victorian houses in neo - Victorian fiction Abstract. Roland’s primal discovery takes place in a library; Julia and Edie make theirs in Victorian houses.


id: cross-1700
author: Stawecka-Kotuła, Agnieszka
date: 2021-11-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6998
sentence: 313
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cross-1700.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1700.txt
title:
  Disruptive strangeness or domesticated exoticism? Some challenges of cultural translation in the Polish rendition of Fury by Salman Rushdie

summary:
  Keywords: cultural translation, domesticated exoticism, Fury by Salman Rushdie, contemporary literary translation, translation strategies. Some challenges of cultural translation in the Polish rendition of Fury by Salman Rushdie Abstract.


id: cross-538
author: Alkhlaifat, Etaf; Yang, Ping; Moustakim, Mohamed
title: Code-switching between Arabic and English during Jordanian GP consultations
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7508
sentence: 486
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cross-538.pdf
txt: txt/cross-538.txt
summary:
  Thus, language codes may be switched at any point in the discourse due to the bilingualism of the doctors and their language preference. However, Jordanian patients speak diverse dialects in the urban and rural areas (Jarbou 2010; Al Masaeed 2013), and this may affect their communication with their doctors, and often results in misunderstand- ing and confusion (Links et al. 2019).


id: cross-1576
author: Gajewska, Klaudia
date: 2021-06-30
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7308
sentence: 380
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cross-1576.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1576.txt
title:
  Why has phonodidactics become “the neglected orphan” of ESL/EFL pedagogy?: Explaining methodology- and ELF-related motives behind a reluctance towards pronunciation teaching 

summary:
  Szpyra- Kozłowska (2018) isolated four major types of pronunciation teaching models, including native, nativised, non-native and multiple models. The information presented in Table 2 gives insights into three aforementioned types of pronunciation teaching models: native, non-native and multiple models.


id: cross-1956
author: Szołtysek, Julia
title: How to Disembark Completely: Annemarie Schwarzenbach’s and Ella Maillart’s Afghan Journey (1939)
date: 2023-03-05
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7789
sentence: 353
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-1956.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1956.txt
summary:
  Curiously enough, Murdocks̓ 1981 exchange with Campbell bears some resemblance to a conversation between Ella Maillart (1903-1997), a Swiss-Danish trav- eller, reporter, and writer, and Carl Gustav Jung, whom Maillart had paid quite a casual visit before she set off in 1939 on a trip to Afghanistan with Annemarie Schwarzenbach (1909-1942), a Swiss writer, journalist and photographer: I called on C. G. Jung, hoping (very foolishly) that he could give me a key to the mentality of the so-called primitives. (Maillart 2013: 4) For Jessa Crispin (also a travel writer and a journalist; author of the memoir-travel- ogue Dead Ladies Project), who wrote the introduction to Maillart s̓ The Cruel Way, it is the bond between the two women that occupies center-stage in Maillart s̓ account.


id: cross-1554
author: Virdis, Daniela Francesca
title: Stereotyping Scotland: Groundskeeper Willie’s illocutionary acts in The Simpsons
date: 2021-03-31
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7766
sentence: 500
flesch: 62
cache: cache/cross-1554.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1554.txt
summary:
  Scottish Groundskeeper Willie and national-ethnic stereotypes in The Simpsons Groundskeeper Willie is one of the recurring figures in the American animated sitcom The Simpsons, broadcast by Fox Broadcasting Company from 1989 to the present. The Scottish character of Groundskeeper Willie figures for the first time in the episode “Principal Charming” (code 7F15, the fourteenth of the second season); the first two episodes focusing on him, though, are “Treehouse of Horror V” (code 2F03, the sixth of the sixth season) and “Treehouse of Horror VI” (code 3F04, the sixth of the seventh season)


id: cross-1938
author: Rozumko, Agata
date: 2022-12-20
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8074
sentence: 545
flesch: 64
cache: cache/cross-1938.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1938.txt
title:
  Between V and T address: The translation of English address terms into Polish in serial storytelling (the case of Doc)

summary:
  Jane Rizzoli addresses Maura Isles by the N pronoun you, which the translator (Zygmunt Halka) invariably renders as T (the 2nd p. sg pronoun ty and the 2nd p. sg verbs), as in (5b), even though Maura Isles addresses her as Detective Rizzoli (V), as illus- trated in (6b). This study is concerned with the translation of address terms in serial storytelling.


id: cross-1570
author: Saks, Laura
date: 2021-06-20
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8110
sentence: 466
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-1570.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1570.txt
title:
  Is translating poems for children a child’s play? A linguistic analysis of the English translations of “Lokomotywa” by Julian Tuwim

summary:
  Keywords: poetry translation, translation strategies, translator, poetry, comparative analysis, source text, target text. Translation strategies and techniques used by Polish translators of Pride and Prejudice


id: cross-1542
author: Lach-Mirghani, Katarzyna
title: Selected aspects of the conceptualisation of success in English and Polish
date: 2021-03-27
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7749
sentence: 567
flesch: 70
cache: cache/cross-1542.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1542.txt
summary:
  Success is food/beverage Another conceptualisation is that success is food/beverage. Success is a (locked) building The metaphor success is a building or a locked building implies that you can acquire the key to get into the room and gain success.


id: cross-1776
author: Piątek, Beata
title: Ireland’s “broken” homes in the novels of Tana French
date: 2022-08-01
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8200
sentence: 354
flesch: 62
cache: cache/cross-1776.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1776.txt
summary:
  This paper argues that Tana French effectively uses the figure of house and home in order to comment critically on the state of the nation in her Irish crime novels. Keywords: Irish crime fiction, Tana French, house and home, Celtic Tiger, domestic rituals, shelter writing.


id: cross-1818
author: Niemirycz, Aleksandra
title: Promethean struggle. Shelley, Keats, and Norwid in search of rescue in the risky world
date: 2022-10-01
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8521
sentence: 388
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cross-1818.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1818.txt
summary:
  Norwids̓ Prometheus encourages people to save themselves and their nation through hard creative work, because, as the poet wrote in his poem Język ojczysty (ʻThe Native Languageʼ), it is not the sword or the shield which defend the nations̓ language – its identity – but only masterpieces. In his poem Prometheus Byron contained the essence of the myth and its importance for posterity: Of thine impenetrable spirit, Which earth and heaven could not convulse, A mighty lesson we inherit:


id: cross-1539
author: Sekścińska, Izabela; Piórkowska, Agnieszka
title: Does Brexit mean Brexit? An analysis of the semantic field of the lexeme Brexit
date: 2020-12-20
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8820
sentence: 389
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-1539.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1539.txt
summary:
  A Journal of English Studies 31 (2020) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) of linguistic samples is based on the meaning of verbs which are used to convey infor- mation on Brexit actions/influence. (7) rising Brexit uncertainty; to solve Brexit chaos; to escape Brexit troubles; to put lipstick on the pig of her Brexit mess.


id: cross-1578
author: Żochowska, Magdalena
date: 2021-06-30
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8582
sentence: 484
flesch: 62
cache: cache/cross-1578.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1578.txt
title:
  Translating irony. Translation strategies and techniques used by Polish translators of Pride and Prejudice

summary:
  Translation strategies and techniques used by Polish translators of Pride and Prejudice Abstract. Keywords: Jane Austen, translation, translation strategy, translation technique, literary irony.


id: cross-1188
author: Testa, Martín
title: The Psycholinguistic Background of L1 Polish Students of L3 Spanish
date: 2018-06-30
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8537
sentence: 405
flesch: 65
cache: cache/cross-1188.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1188.txt
summary:
  Kucharczyk (2018: 44) suggests that most of the contact Poles have with an L2 or L3 takes place at school while, on a daily basis, Polish language learners are not surrounded by neither cultural nor linguistic diversity. The study was aimed at exploring the psycholinguistic background of Polish students of L3 Spanish.


id: cross-1960
author: Moroz, Grzegorz
date: 2023-03-05
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8228
sentence: 400
flesch: 65
cache: cache/cross-1960.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1960.txt
title:
  Cucumbers and Creeps: Errors in Translation Studies and in the Polish Translation of Robert Macfarlane’s The Old Ways: In memory of Krzysztof Hejwowski (1952-2019), the dearest friend and my guide to the world of translation studies

summary:
  Lefeveres̓ treatment of translations as refractions in which “misunderstandings and misconceptions” are inevitable became dominant in the burgeoning translation studies, and, as a result, translation errors have for a long time been thought of as belonging to the old, pre-theoretical and ʻlinguisticʼ period of the development of translation studies. A JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES 39 (2022) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) questions of translation studies (about equivalence, translation errors, translators̓ competence, freedom, and responsibility) are unnecessarily “annulled”.


id: cross-1958
author: Kiersnowska, Beata
date: 2023-03-05
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9258
sentence: 406
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cross-1958.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1958.txt
title:
  Cycle Touring and the Middle-Class Consumption of Nature. Anti-urbanism in H. G. Wells’ The Wheels of Chance and Cycling Press Reports of the Late Nineteenth Century

summary:
  Hoopdriver s̓ cycling trip is a literal and symbolic escape from the city. In another press piece on country cycle touring, it is argued that the study of wayside plants and bird and animal life enhances not only the recreational aspect of riding but also develops one s̓ knowledge and the faculty of observing nature and storing quaint and curious information about it (Cycling June 12, 1897).


id: cross-1532
author: Wiliński, Jarosław
date: 2020-12-20
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9081
sentence: 514
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cross-1532.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1532.txt
title:
  The preposition under and its noun collocates in the under-NOUN pattern: A quantitative corpus-based investigation

summary:
  By focusing on various senses associ- ated with particular prepositions in a systematic way, Evans and Tyler (2004a,b) explored the semantic network of prepositions and proposed perceiving prepositions on the basis of their association to proto-scenes (highly schematic spatial scenes or the primary meanings related to specific prepositions). In addition, the results of the analysis seem to suggest that the mutual associations between particular nouns and this preposition depend upon different senses of under and are therefore motivated by conceptual metaphors, metonymies, and/or image schemas.


id: cross-1930
author: Szczygłowska, Tatiana
date: 2022-12-20
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9639
sentence: 441
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-1930.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1930.txt
title:
  The lexico-phraseological profile of professional film reviews published by the British media: A corpus-linguistic study

summary:
  Keywords: corpus linguistics, film reviews, keywords, key terms, lexical bundles. In the US, for instance, eight out of ten viewers declare they consult film reviews when making a film choice (Ford 2014).


id: cross-1732
author: Romaniuk-Cholewska, Dominika
title: An introduction to a machine translation post-editing (MTPE) course
date: 2022-02-01
pages: 29
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9891
sentence: 616
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cross-1732.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1732.txt
summary:
  The author assumes that MTPE as a process should include most of the contemporary translation tools such as CAT computer-assisted tools, TM terminology management, ML machine learning, MT machine translation and its variations, AI artificial intelligence, TQM translation quality management. The author assumes that MTPE as a process should encompass most of the currently used technological translation tools, such as CAT computer-assisted tools, TM terminology management, ML machine learning, MT machine translation and its variations, AI artificial intelligence, TQM translation quality management.


id: cross-1816
author: Rundholz, Adelheid
title: Unwelcome consequences: Christina Dalcher’s Vox and John Lanchester’s The Wall
date: 2022-10-01
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9029
sentence: 472
flesch: 64
cache: cache/cross-1816.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1816.txt
summary:
  Being aware of this responsibility is at the heart of Dalcher s̓ novel. A JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES 37 (2022) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Risk6 Since the publication of Ischinger s̓ memoir and Dalcher s̓ and Lanchester s̓ novels, the world has, unfortunately, encountered many new and not so new hazards.


id: cross-1822
author: Martínez-Falquina, Silvia
title: Missing is not a destination: Bringing the indigenous woman home in MMIW literature
date: 2022-10-01
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9648
sentence: 428
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cross-1822.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1822.txt
summary:
  This article underscores the relevance of literature within the current Missing and Murdered In- digenous Woman movement, which denounces the high rates of violence suffered by Indigenous women in Canada and the USA. Both authors challenge the Western narrative of survivorism, moving beyond the passive or guilty victim roles in settler colonial representa- tions, and positing relationality as a key value to refute the silencing and invisibility of Indigenous women.


id: cross-1531
author: Kraśnicka, Izabela
date: 2020-12-20
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6915
sentence: 342
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-1531.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1531.txt
title:
  Meaning in multisemiotic messages – functions of gestures accompanying speech as elements of utterance structure

summary:
  The author’s research interests focus primarily on gestures accompanying speech, their role in creating and transmitting meanings, as well as gestural phraseology as a category illustrat- ing relations that combine two semiotic modes – speech and gesture – into a semantic whole. “Notably, the term »grammar of gesture« refers to the basic form properties of gestures and their structures.


id: cross-1932
author: Dalamu, Taofeek O.; Yang, Ke
title: Advertising linguistic framework: An instrument for teaching grammar in EFL university classrooms
date: 2022-12-20
pages: 32
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11315
sentence: 783
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-1932.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1932.txt
summary:
  Therefore, the communicators motivate readers with declarative clauses, some of them punctu- ated, and imperative clauses, making statements and commands, in order to sensitise the target audience to purchase goods and services. In all, 3a, 3b, and 3c are declarative clauses, making some statements to persuade subscribers to purchase a sizable number of recharge cards for their smartphones.


id: cross-1187
author: Dzięcioł-Pędich, Agnieszka
title: The World of English Teachers in a Facebook Common-Interest Group
date: 2018-06-30
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8469
sentence: 431
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-1187.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1187.txt
summary:
  Finally, the findings show that, apart from creating their own personal learning networks in Facebook groups, their members treat them as arenas for promoting their products, services, or events. Keywords: language teachers, Facebook groups, professional development, personal learning networks, self-promotion.


id: cross-1738
author: Karczewski, Daniel
date: 2022-03-20
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2412
sentence: 136
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cross-1738.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1738.txt
title:
  Foreign Language Pedagogy in the Light of Cognitive Linguistics Research (Series Second Language Learning and Teaching), edited by Grzegorz Drożdż and Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2020, 131pp. ISBN: 978-3-030-58774-1. EUR 48.14

summary:
  One might wonder why, despite more than thirty years of applied CL research, sentiments like these are frequently expressed. It is my hope that future work will also explore the role of L2 teachers, who are often unfamiliar with applied CL research, to promulgate its ideas.


id: cross-1557
author: Wawrzyniuk, Justyna
date: 2021-03-31
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2647
sentence: 123
flesch: 65
cache: cache/cross-1557.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1557.txt
title:
  Oppliger, P. A., & Shouse, E. (Eds.) The Dark Side of Stand-Up Comedy. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, 320 pp, eBook ISBN: 978-3-030-37214-9, Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-030-37213-2, Hardback 96,29 €

summary:
  A feeling of defenselessness on the part of amateur comedians is an often overlooked dark side of stand-up comedy. The paradoxical darkness of that trope lies in the notion that comedians are thought of as truth-bearing, honest, and sometimes even rebellious, and that their act on stage is the same as their “act” offstage.


id: cross-1815
author: Struzziero, Maria Antonietta
title: “Caught in a web of absence”: Risk, death and survival in Maggie O’Farrell’s Hamnet
date: 2022-10-01
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10053
sentence: 405
flesch: 65
cache: cache/cross-1815.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1815.txt
summary:
  When she uncovers them, she understands that Judith has been spared but, in exchange, Hamnet s̓ life is at risk and “a strange, dementing confusion starts up inside her” (246). Hamnet is divided into two parts, the caesura between the sections being represented by Hamnet s̓ death.


id: cross-1961
author: Foulds, Peter
date: 2023-03-05
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2429
sentence: 90
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-1961.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1961.txt
title:
  The Commodification of James Joyce: Consuming Joyce: A Hundred Years of Ulysses in Ireland, by John McCourt, Bloomsbury Academic, 2022, 288 pp. ISBN: ePDF: 978-1-3502-0583-3. £65.

summary:
  To sum up, McCourts̓ Consuming Joyce: A Hundred Years of Ulysses in Ireland is a welcome addition to Joyce studies, and proves that the Joycean mine is nowhere near exhausted. For several decades academic work on the novel was largely carried out by American scholars, much to the chagrin of Irish academics, and lambasted by everyone from the Irish press and politicians to Joyce family members, and perhaps most of all by the Roman Catholic establishment, which in the years after the formation of the Irish Free State operated almost as an arm of the government.


id: cross-1553
author: Bayode Oke, Felix; Opeyemi Olajimbiti, Ezekiel
date: 2021-03-31
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4919
sentence: 277
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cross-1553.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1553.txt
title:
  The pragmatics of promotional features and discourse strategies in postgraduate school prospectus in Nigeria

summary:
  Askehave (2007) investigated the impact of marketisation on higher education genres using the international student prospectus. The impact of marketization on higher education genres – the inter- national student prospectus as a case in point.


id: cross-1555
author: Öztekin, Sercan
date: 2021-03-31
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6129
sentence: 321
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-1555.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1555.txt
title:
  Subversion of gender stereotypes in Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White and Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret

summary:
  After disguising herself as a governess which is one of the few jobs for Victorian women, she can wisely display virtuous features as a way of getting married to Sir Michael Audley. In addition to her masculine physical appearance, Marian is also a strong and coura- geous character compared to figures of traditional women who are generally domi- nated by male power in Victorian fiction.


id: cross-1659
author: Hansen, Christopher
title: The Monstrous Feminine: Ungoliant, Shelob, and Women in Tolkien’s Middle-Earth
date: 2021-11-25
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6828
sentence: 342
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cross-1659.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1659.txt
summary:
  Introduction The works of J.R.R. Tolkien have sparked numerous debates over various questionable aspects of their contents, leading to controversies from racism to sexism, and his depictions of women in particular have gained wide attention from various literary scholars (Reid 2015: 13-40). The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien.


id: cross-539
author: Awramiuk, Elżbieta; Citko, Michał
title: Unseized opportunity. Respelling of English words in L1 Polish textbooks
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6795
sentence: 377
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-539.pdf
txt: txt/cross-539.txt
summary:
  Explaining the pronunciation of foreign words in a mother tongue lesson is a perfect opportunity to develop pupils’ language awareness of the similarities and differences between the L1 and foreign languages and to build on pupils’ metalinguistic knowl- edge, to make generalizations referring to different languages, to establish connections between them and to formulate hypotheses about them. Different variants of the general education core curriculum (CC 2017: 20) result from the fact that different foreign languages can be 27 .........................................................................................CROSSROADS.


id: cross-1954
author: Pawlicki, Marek
title: “A Stranger in a Strange Land”: Nadine Gordimer and Her Journey Through Egypt
date: 2023-03-05
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6106
sentence: 210
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cross-1954.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1954.txt
summary:
  Clingman adds that Gordimer s̓ travels in Africa, “may well have had an influence on her percep- tion of the direction in which the continent was heading” (Clingman 1993: 78). The vivid description, full of evocative detail, is reminiscent of Gordimer s̓ early writing – the “sensuous sensibility” (Bazin & Seymour 1990: 195) that she identified as a hallmark of her first stories.


id: cross-1775
author: Topolovská, Tereza
title: The Glass Room: Housing space, time and history
date: 2022-08-01
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7013
sentence: 395
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-1775.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1775.txt
summary:
  Through the looking glass: space and place in Simon Mawer’s Simon Mawer’s Tightrope wins Walter Scott Prize for Historical Fiction.


id: cross-1779
author: Dudek, Mateusz
date: 2022-08-01
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7444
sentence: 353
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cross-1779.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1779.txt
title:
  Identity and transnationalism: Narrating the Haitian-American home in selected works by Edwidge Danticat

summary:
  The analysis is based on a combination of two theories: Steven Vertovec’s theory of transnation- alism and Paul Ricoeur’s philosophy of narrative identity, which enable interpreting intergenerational identity changes, certain methods of cultural reproduction, and “little” cultural cross-connectedness of “family and household” (Vertovec 2009: 3-18) in the context of personal identity understood as formed through narratives. It appears that Paul Ricoeur’s notion of narrative identity and his explication of the process of narrative “emplotment”, as well as his other remarks on the subject of narrative understanding are valuable points that prove useful while analysing works of diasporic literature.


id: cross-544
author: Oracz, Marta
title: Archibald Alison, landscape painting, nature poetry and the landscape of the mind
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6850
sentence: 318
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cross-544.pdf
txt: txt/cross-544.txt
summary:
  Archibald Alison, landscape painting, nature poetry and the landscape of the mind 67 ........................................................................................ CROSSROADS. A Journal of English Studies 29 (2020) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) MARTA ORACZ1 DOI: 10.15290/CR.2020.29.2.05 University of Silesia ORCID: 0000-0003-3120-2214 Archibald Alison, landscape painting, nature poetry and the landscape of the mind Abstract.


id: cross-554
author: Kamionowski, Jerzy; Karczewska, Anna Maria
title: City / non-city: A preface
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1015
sentence: 36
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cross-554.pdf
txt: txt/cross-554.txt
summary:
  This contrast between these two kinds of cities can be taken together with the strat- egies of representation. [T]he city and the urban environment represent [humanity’s] most consistent and, on the whole, [its] most successful attempt to remake the world


id: cross-1575
author: Akinwotu, Samuel Alaba
title: A pragma-rhetorical study of selected Pentecostal sermons in Nigeria
date: 2021-06-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7446
sentence: 404
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cross-1575.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1575.txt
summary:
  Keywords: communicative intention, Christian religious Pentecostal sermons, pragmeme, rhetoric, metaphor. Although the above has shown that a lot of works exist on religious texts, the prag- matic and rhetorical resources involved in effective communication of intentions have not been adequately explored in Christian religious Pentecostal sermons.


id: cross-1777
author: Jęczmińska, Kinga
title: Spiritual and material dimensions of home in J. M. Coetzee’s Age of Iron
date: 2022-08-01
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7546
sentence: 389
flesch: 69
cache: cache/cross-1777.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1777.txt
summary:
  These different catego- ries include Mrs Curren, Vercueil and black people. Mrs Curren often describes her neighbours and friends who are representatives of the white community as “full-bellied neighbors leading an easy life”, which is juxtaposed against the difficult life of black people, includ- ing Florence and her husband, who have to work hard to earn their living (Belgacem 2021: 143).


id: cross-1189
author: Hassan, Walaa
title: The Effect of Personality on Accent Acquisition: Case Study of Effat University Students
date: 2018-06-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7004
sentence: 393
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-1189.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1189.txt
summary:
  However, Klein (1993) argues that extensive and continuous exposure to the second language is an essential factor, but not enough in attaining native second language accent. Also, time spent in the company of native speakers (Flege et al. 1997) was found to be a major determinant of quality of second language accent.


id: cross-1705
author: Czajkowska, Aleksandra
date: 2021-11-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8241
sentence: 385
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-1705.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1705.txt
title:
  “To give form to what cannot be comprehended”: Trauma in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five and Martin Amis’s Time’s Arrow

summary:
  Since traumatic events often involve a direct threat to one’s life, the trauma may not necessarily be a response to these experiences, but rather to the perplexing act of survival (Caruth 1996: 60). In such a way, both novels provide us with valuable insights into the minds possessed by traumatic experiences and invite the readers to think about trauma comprehensively, and empathetically.


id: cross-541
author: Sanczyk, Anna
title: Teacher identity and agency in language teaching: Adult ESL instructors as explorers
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8662
sentence: 468
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cross-541.pdf
txt: txt/cross-541.txt
summary:
  Keywords: language teacher identity, language teacher agency, language teaching, adult ESL, culturally and linguistically diverse learners. Her research interests include language teacher identity, language teacher agency, culturally responsive pedagogy, and critical pedagogy.


id: cross-1929
author: Stojanovska-Ilievska, Natasha
title: Information packaging strategies serving the communicative needs of speakers
date: 2022-12-20
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5506
sentence: 291
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cross-1929.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1929.txt
summary:
  The distinctions between topic-comment, theme-rheme, given-new, (back)ground-fo- cus play a pivotal role in sentence information structure (Vallduvi & Engdahl 1996; Erteschik-Shir 2007). This study investigates only the LVCs with give, as this verb enters a ditransitive sentence pattern and could potentially offer greater versatility in terms of sentence structure compared to the monotransitive light verbs.


id: cross-546
author: Tseng, Tzu-Yi
title: Lexical networks between sounds and meanings in Taiwan Mandarin: Evidence from psycholinguistics
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5976
sentence: 354
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cross-546.pdf
txt: txt/cross-546.txt
summary:
  In the word level, words are connected to each other via different semantic rela- tions in Mandarin lexical networks. De Groot (1989) finds that imageability strongly determines responses in word associations, and Caplan & Madan (2016) propose that imageability is one of the most important factors involved in language processing.


id: cross-542
author: Gajewska, Klaudia
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7651
sentence: 369
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cross-542.pdf
txt: txt/cross-542.txt
title:
  Polish pre- and upper-intermediate learners’ opinions on the significance of linguistic and non-linguistic determinants of speech in developing their EFL speaking skill: A quantitative study

summary:
  Second language speaking. It, in fact, touches upon a psychological and emotional sphere of human life because “in many contexts, people judge a language user 'at face value' upon speaking skill” (Erdonmez 2014: 40).


id: cross-1820
author: Blandón Gómez, Hernando
title: Street art and protest under pandemic conditions in Colombia: A visual semiotic approach
date: 2022-10-01
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7718
sentence: 416
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cross-1820.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1820.txt
summary:
  I argue that it breaks the social-political culture of representation, assuming a new constructive and social-politi- cal participatory role with practices such as strikes and barricades among artistic wall paintings, and the creation and recreation of new signs and political symbols in the Colombian strike. This article engages in a visual critical semiotic analysis of Medellín street art and its interpreta- tion as political action in the Colombian social mobilisation of 2021.


id: cross-1541
author: Matus, Łukasz
title: I will see it done: Metonymic extensions of the verb see in English
date: 2021-03-27
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8511
sentence: 557
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-1541.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1541.txt
summary:
  The analysis is followed by conclu- sions drawn from the database study, as well as suggestions for future research in the field of metonymic extensions of English terms of visual perception. The primary meaning of see appears to be, thus, the one of visual perception of the object of seeing.


id: cross-550
author: Moryń, Jan
title: The airstream futuropolis: Hauntological reading of Gibson’s “The Gernsback Continuum”
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5062
sentence: 235
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-550.pdf
txt: txt/cross-550.txt
summary:
  A Journal of English Studies 28 (2020) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) fragments of dreams of a certain kind of future that was never realized (2008b). An important feature of hauntology that will reappear throughout this paper is its definition of the “past as ultimate future” (Derrida 2006: 61).


id: cross-1734
author: Mondo, Costanza
title: Discontinuous homecoming and community-forging storytelling in Abdulrazak Gurnah’s By the Sea
date: 2022-03-20
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6975
sentence: 324
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cross-1734.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1734.txt
summary:
  By the same token, though, young Latif himself acknowledged the need for a friend when he was in Germany: “I had already seen that everyone had a friend, and that those who did not looked languishing and afraid” (By the Sea 2001: 114). As the story unfolds, Saleh Omar and Latif Mahmud, the two main characters, succeed in shaping a new definition of home: as a physical and metaphorical place, which has a decisive impact on the process of their homecoming.


id: cross-1931
author: Paliichuk, Elina
title: Cognitive “warning signs” in human trafficking media texts
date: 2022-12-20
pages: 25
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8618
sentence: 400
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cross-1931.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1931.txt
summary:
  The prospect for further study includes a series of surveys where the respondents would be exposed to several HT texts during a certain period of time, which will ensure a more convincing approach to HT prevention. The texts should enable the testing of the hypothesis that a media narrative5 induces readers to feel being inside HT situation, as well as encourage a higher level of empathy and emotional response, and should allow for the feeling of being in danger after reading the text; •


id: cross-1959
author: Neimneh, Shadi
title: The Humanist Discourse in J. M. Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians
date: 2023-03-05
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8862
sentence: 400
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cross-1959.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1959.txt
summary:
  In the figure of the Magistrate, Coetzee found a way to negotiate ethical dilemmas and challenges faced by public intellectuals, especially those trying to speak truth to power. While for Said intellectuals are unpre- dictable, conforming to no rules or expectations, they remain secular figures worship- ping no gods (1994: xiv).


id: cross-1937
author: Lach Mirghani, Katarzyna
title: Thank you, sorry and please: English politeness markers in Polish
date: 2022-12-20
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9019
sentence: 616
flesch: 71
cache: cache/cross-1937.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1937.txt
summary:
  About Polish politeness. In order to compare the usage of the selected English and Polish politeness markers, and to analyse the use of English politeness markers in Polish, two corpora have been utilised: the British National Corpus (henceforth the BNC) and the National Corpus of Polish (henceforth the NCP).


id: cross-1817
author: Fournier Kiss, Corinne
date: 2022-10-01
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7701
sentence: 349
flesch: 64
cache: cache/cross-1817.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1817.txt
title:
  Brazilian backlands (sertão) – natural disaster or ecocatastrophe? An ecocritical reading of João Guimarães Rosa’s landscapes

summary:
  This diversified landscape allows Guimarães Rosa, unlike other writers of the sertão, to reuse all the literary commonplaces on the paradisiacal character of Brazilian nature, be it in the form of praise of its magnificence and exceptionality or in the enumerations of its extreme biodiversity. At first glance, it seems that João Guimarães Rosa should be part of this regionalist lineage: all his stories revolve around the landscape of the sertão, and his only novel is entitled Grande sertão:


id: cross-1957
author: Ewertowski, Tomasz
date: 2023-03-05
pages: 25
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11320
sentence: 562
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cross-1957.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1957.txt
title:
  A Scientist’s and Tourist’s Touch – The Haptic in Travelogues about the Island of Java (M. Siedlecki and E.R. Scidmore)

summary:
  The professional, scientific charac- ter of Siedlecki s̓ touch is also manifested by the fact that he often uses some instru- ments to manipulate his specimens: “touched or grasped with pincers, it [a phyllium] falls immediately” (ʻDotknięty lub schwycony szczypczykami za brzeg ciała, natychmiast upadaʼ) (169). Although large parts of Siedlecki s̓ travelogue are composed from the vantage point of a scientist, he was much more sensitive to the haptic dimension of music than Scidmore and expressed his impressions in a more artistic way.


id: cross-1533
author: Zyga, Magdalena
date: 2020-12-20
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10441
sentence: 472
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cross-1533.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1533.txt
title:
  Conceptual metaphors in lyrics, vocal realization and music – reinforcement or modification of emotional potential

summary:
  A Journal of English Studies 31 (2020) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) death, namely, is performed with falling intonation, whereas the lexeme “fantasize”, sung for the second time, is strongly emphasised and marked with rising intonation. The succeeding lines in the original version can be divided into pairs where the first item is performed in a higher key with rising intonation by either backing vocalists or the leading vocalist but with a computer-modified voice, and the second item is sung in a lower key with falling intonation (“Help me” performed in the manner described above) by the leading vocalist: “I’ve been thinking too much [high key, rising intonation] / (I’ve been thinking too much)


id: cross-1628
author: Kliś, Agnieszka
title: Theatricality of women’s voice: An Embarrassing Position by Kate Chopin
date: 2021-11-26
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9576
sentence: 387
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cross-1628.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1628.txt
summary:
  In either event, Eva’s free way of expression is uncommon for 19th century women, who were supposed to be passive and obedient responders rather than high-lifted and intelligent interlocutors, and as such seems remarkable. Thus, an inexperienced, yet self-determined, young woman adamantly faces a mature man, who is shaken by the unexpected situation, and when the reporter arrives at Willis’s house and discovers the presence of Eva, she decides resolutely, Willis is thrown into despair.


id: cross-548
author: Łapińska, Magdalena
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7384
sentence: 337
flesch: 66
cache: cache/cross-548.pdf
txt: txt/cross-548.txt
title:
  Illusionary safe havens: The role of the city and the country in Zelda Lockhart’s Fifth Born and Fifth Born II: The Hundredth Turtle

summary:
  Child sexual abuse. (1995: 9) In Fifth Born II, Odessa moves to the country where she finds temporary peace.


id: cross-552
author: Guzowska, Dorota
title: The London human zoo in Mark Mason’s Walk the Lines. The London Underground, Overground
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6336
sentence: 350
flesch: 62
cache: cache/cross-552.pdf
txt: txt/cross-552.txt
summary:
  Keywords: human zoo, walker, the Tube, Mark Mason, metaphor. Mark Mason does not use the term human zoo in the sense proposed by Morris.


id: cross-556
author: Skał, Ewa
date: 2019-12-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5814
sentence: 407
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-556.pdf
txt: txt/cross-556.txt
title:
  Civilization and sexual abuse: selected Indian captivity narratives and the Native American boarding-school experience

summary:
  In the twentieth century, Indian boarding schools continued to be opened, and the abuse also continued. Here are his own questioning words: I often wonder how so many paedophiles ended up at Native American schools.


id: cross-570
author: Palla, Marti
title: Preschool children’s sensitivity to the generic and non-generic distinctions
date: 2019-03-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5476
sentence: 286
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cross-570.pdf
txt: txt/cross-570.txt
summary:
  Young children, however, are reported to have far less instances of assigning non-generic properties to generic categories, likely assuming them to be individuals rather than representations of entire kinds. Non-generic statements also utilize plurals (e.g. More lap- tops are sold online than in-store/The poor women searched for jobs) and singulars (e.g. A chair was brought in by the workers/


id: cross-1577
author: Jarmołowicz-Dziekońska, Małgorzata
date: 2021-06-30
pages: 30
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14926
sentence: 657
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cross-1577.pdf
txt: txt/cross-1577.txt
title:
  The picture bride phenomenon: A reflection on photography from a cultural perspective in Yoshiko Uchida’s Picture Bride

summary:
  Japanese picture brides told of being whisked from the ships by their new husbands directly to the dressmaker’s, where they would be outfitted in Western clothing, including hats, corsets, high-necked ruffled blouses, long skirts with bustles, high-laced shoes, and, for the first time in their lives, brassieres and hip pads. Indeed, the demand for Asian wives was so significant that bringing in Japanese women became a widely accepted and frequently noticed practice.


id: cross-564
author: Crabtree, Emma
title: An exploration of the lineage of female utopian literature
date: 2019-09-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6105
sentence: 326
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-564.pdf
txt: txt/cross-564.txt
summary:
  “Utopias and science fiction by women – women’s ‘literature’s of estrangement’ – constitute a continuous literary tradition in the west from the seventeenth century until the present day” 1 Address for correspondence: Francis Bacon’s utopia New Atlantis (1627) can partially be seen as a foundation which Cavendish aims to write against by pushing women and female perspectives into these male spheres.


id: cross-560
author: Kniaź, Lidia
date: 2019-09-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7194
sentence: 402
flesch: 65
cache: cache/cross-560.pdf
txt: txt/cross-560.txt
title:
  Sound design as narrative device in contemporary film: Subliminal soundscape of war and terror in Sicario (2015)

summary:
  Even though film industry evolved and developed due to various technological advances, prin- ciples concerning film sound seem to remain relatively unchanged as the traditional pattern of film sound design is used in most Hollywood productions. As one of the most frequently occurring sound effects in Sicario gunshot sounds also play a significant role in portraying the protagonists as they match with the character of the shooter.


id: cross-578
author: Chmielewska, Anita
title: The Talmudic Tradition in Contemporary British-Jewish Fiction: Silence versus Talking
date: 2018-12-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5068
sentence: 280
flesch: 66
cache: cache/cross-578.pdf
txt: txt/cross-578.txt
summary:
  The basic premise of Judaism, which is the disputative manner of finding answers to substantial questions concerning lifestyle and religion has somehow evaporated both from Jewish families and synagogue communities. This practice of intergenerational discussion, as Alderman’s and Harris’s novels argue, is something that Jewish orthodox communities should turn back to as it may help to develop solutions to major doubts about the orthodox ways of living that the new gen- eration is presently facing.


id: cross-584
author: Olajimbiti, Ezekiel Opeyemi
title: Discourse Pattern, Contexts and Pragmatic Strategies of Selected Fraud Spam
date: 2018-06-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4574
sentence: 283
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cross-584.pdf
txt: txt/cross-584.txt
summary:
  Introduction The ubiquitous nature of email fraud, the unwanted emails containing the strategic use of lan- guage with the intention to swindle money from the recipients, is a continuous social concern worthy of scholarly investigation. The present study, therefore, complements these studies by its adoption of a discourse- pragmatic approach to email fraud (cyber fraud) in linguistic scholarship in Nigeria.


id: cross-547
author: Giglioni, Cinzia
title: Annual Company Reports’ narratives migrate to the Web: A diachronic perspective
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4247
sentence: 210
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cross-547.pdf
txt: txt/cross-547.txt
summary:
  Despite the dramatic innovation brought about in the field of corporate communication by the advent of the World Wide Web, when it comes to annual company reports (ACRs), companies seem to introduce few innovative digital elements in the drafting and formatting of the narrative sections. Keywords: annual company report, corporate narrative, digital environment, genre theory, diachronic perspective.


id: cross-582
author: Ananda, M.G. Lalith
title: Information Structure Projects in Syntax: Evidence from Focus and Modality in Sinhala
date: 2018-06-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5601
sentence: 309
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cross-582.pdf
txt: txt/cross-582.txt
summary:
  The major claim of this paper is that information structure related particles of Sinhala are distinct func- tional heads and they project in syntax. For example, the presence of such a mood/modal/ interrogative or information focus particle in the clause is shown in the verbal morphology in the form of an –e suffix, in the present and past tenses.


id: cross-576
author: Liptáková, Ľudmila
date: 2019-03-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6515
sentence: 310
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cross-576.pdf
txt: txt/cross-576.txt
title:
  What Developmental Linguistics Can Offer L1 Education. An Example of the Relation between Implicit and Explicit Word-formation Knowledge in Slovak Speaking Children

summary:
  The examples of research on child language in Slovak speaking children are used to clarify the possibilities of transforming the findings in developmental linguistics into the curricu- lum of language learning/teaching. The research on child language has been carried out since the second half of the 19th century.


id: cross-545
author: Kiersnowska, Beata
title: The city vs. the country: A climate of anti-urbanism in Elizabeth Gaskell’s Mary Barton
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6848
sentence: 333
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-545.pdf
txt: txt/cross-545.txt
summary:
  It provoked a considerable literary response, parti- cularly in the form of the social problem novels, from such writers as Elizabeth Gaskell, Benjamin Disraeli, Charles Dickens and Charles Kingsley whose literary comment on Thomas Carlyle’s condition of England question (1843: 3) exposed social injustice suffered by the working population of industrial cities (Stoneman 2006: ix). In Mary Barton, nature is an agent of creating an atmos- phere of nostalgia for the simple and pure rural world that is disappearing, giving way to a hostile and brutal reality of industrial cities.


id: cross-568
author: Krajka, Jarosław
date: 2019-06-30
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8809
sentence: 422
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cross-568.pdf
txt: txt/cross-568.txt
title:
  Teacher language awareness and world Englishes – where (corpus) linguistics, digital literacy and teacher training meet

summary:
  Doing individual research, finding and evaluating data sources, investigating legislation and school prac- tice, examining discussion forums or social media grouping English language teachers from a particular country, seeking access to scientific articles on the topic, all enable teacher trainees to become independent researchers gaining awareness of the role societal and political factors play in the way a particular foreign language is taught and learnt, what status the language teacher can have, what aims can be realistically set for students to achieve. Towards target language awareness of English language teachers – three stories of teacher education projects.


id: cross-566
author: Dalamu, Taofeek O.
date: 2019-06-30
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9114
sentence: 722
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cross-566.pdf
txt: txt/cross-566.txt
title:
  Language choice as discourse: A transitivity approach to MTN® and ETISALAT® advertising communicative webs in Nigeria

summary:
  Figure 7, as indicated below, juxtaposes the frequencies of the MTN and Etisalat ads’ textual choices comput- ed in both Tables 1 and 2. MTN Etisalat Material 6 14 Mental 2 3 Relational 4 5 Behavioral 1 0 Verbal 0 0 Existential 0 0 Processes Frequency -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 2 4 6 8 Fr eq ue nc y Processes Figure 7. In addition to that, the study has demonstrated to readers the suitability of SFL as a virile and interpretative tool for advertising discourse choices.


id: cross-574
author: Kopčíková, Marta
date: 2019-03-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7287
sentence: 459
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cross-574.pdf
txt: txt/cross-574.txt
title:
  Metacognition as a superordinate concept of metalinguistics: The role in developing reading skills in a foreign language

summary:
  Indeed, it is believed that many learning problems that students exhibit are related to the inability to use metacognitive reading strategies appropriately. Promoting metacognitive reading strategies in the classroom Metacognition and metalinguistics, understood as prerequisites for developed reading skills, are believed to support reading by helping learners to take control of their own process of learning to read.


id: cross-602
author: Leś, Mariusz M.
title: Top Seven Polish Science Fiction Novels of the Communist Era (Lem aside)
date: 2017-09-30
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2727
sentence: 174
flesch: 64
cache: cache/cross-602.pdf
txt: txt/cross-602.txt
summary:
  Key words: science fiction, novel, Polish, communist era. Is there still a need for writing about Stanisław Lem’s influence on Polish science fiction after World War II? With the exception of Lem’s works, Polish science fiction of the communist era is largely forgotten.


id: cross-586
author: Dziedziul, Paweł
title: Contronymy and Semantic Primes
date: 2018-06-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7296
sentence: 352
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cross-586.pdf
txt: txt/cross-586.txt
summary:
  The idea of such stark sense opposition at first may seem difficult to capture from a strict theoretical perspective. Contronymy and Semantic Primes 26 ARTICLES ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ PAWEŁ DZIEDZIUL University of Białystok Contronymy and Semantic Primes Abstract: Contronymy, that is sense opposition invoked by one word, can pose a serious conundrum from a theoreti- cal standpoint.


id: cross-558
author: Pawłowska, Katarzyna
date: 2019-12-30
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9734
sentence: 527
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cross-558.pdf
txt: txt/cross-558.txt
title:
  The wrestling with a pig in the mud metaphor in the service of liberal ideology: a critical analysis

summary:
  Political metaphor emerges from both the physical as well as social context in which it is produced and it cannot be interpreted without the reference to personal background of discourse participants and both historical as well as situational context of use, i.e. meso- and macro-levels in Fairclough’s classification.6 Chilton (2004) argues that language and political behaviour should not be merely seen as instances of social practices. Keywords: conceptual metaphor, political discourse, Critical Discourse Analysis, Critical Metaphor Analysis.


id: cross-572
author: Costa, Ana Luísa
title: A contribution to the implicit/explicit debate on grammar learning: the case of contrast connectors
date: 2019-03-30
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7852
sentence: 508
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cross-572.pdf
txt: txt/cross-572.txt
summary:
  In the previous section, a relationship between what is known about language acquisition and development and explicit grammar knowledge was made. Through instructional language learning sequences (grammar learning sequences, but also writing sequences), the natural capacity to use language to explain language is the starting point to build explicit grammar knowledge (see Camps & Zayas 2006).


id: cross-580
author: Akinlotan, Mayowa
title: Yoruba-Irish Literature: Intersection in the Language of Supernatural in Yeats and Soyinka
date: 2018-12-30
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8260
sentence: 452
flesch: 70
cache: cache/cross-580.pdf
txt: txt/cross-580.txt
summary:
  At the center of the two plays are affinity between life and death, body and soul, mortality and immortality of body and soul, human sacrifice, death as a cultural and/or religious duty, the in- terlink of human world with the supernatural world, the belief in supremacy of the supernatural world, among many other themes. In other words, Cathleen’s material resource has been a barrier to Merchants’ ability to win more souls to their own camp.


id: cross-555
author: Pietluch, Arkadiusz
date: 2019-12-30
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8930
sentence: 414
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cross-555.pdf
txt: txt/cross-555.txt
title:
  Stimulating educational growth through vision and self-efficacy: a case study of adult users of English as a foreign language

summary:
  The outcomes of the investigation provide satisfactory evidence to account for the presence of a reciprocal interaction between the adopted variables and prompt various noteworthy implications, for example, the positive impact of the notions on induc- ing a long-term, motivated action, the ability of vision to substitute efficacy beliefs in the initial stag- es of agency growth, and the stimulating influence of pre-experiencing emotional arousal related to a future state on a student’s language proficiency. Wise & Trunnell (2001: 269) emphasise the importance of vicarious learning for building efficacy beliefs by stating that such an observation equips an individual with a set of coping strategies helpful in tackling adversities sepa- rating a person from reaching one’s full potential.


id: cross-571
author: Awramiuk, Elżbieta; Karczewski, Daniel
date: 2019-03-30
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2966
sentence: 197
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cross-571.pdf
txt: txt/cross-571.txt
title:
  Between Linguistics, Language Education and Acquisition Research. Introduction to the Special Issue Linguistics for Language Teaching and Learning

summary:
  This con- nection is not merely about a transmission of linguistic knowledge to the context of school educa- tion – what really matters is a deep insight into the goals and methods of language teaching and learning. However, there are certain problems of language teaching and learning that are universal and apply to the majority of languages taught.


id: cross-592
author: Piecychna, Beata
date: 2018-03-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5314
sentence: 180
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cross-592.pdf
txt: txt/cross-592.txt
title:
  Philosophy and Practice in Translational Hermeneutics edited by J. Stanley, B. O’Keeffe, R. Stolze, L. Cercel Bucharest: Zeta Books, 2018, pp. 398

summary:
  Here there is a certain specificity, to be sure (and we can call that specificity ‘philosophy,’ quite simply), but if interpretation, and translation, are ultimately practical undertakings, do the abstractions and conceptual frameworks of philosophical hermeneutics hamper or assist in gaining a better understanding of such practices? A Journal of English Studies ship between philosophy and translation, with a special emphasis on how translation might relate to hermeneutics, and to what extent issues explored by hermeneutists might be exploited in the area of Translation Studies.


id: cross-596
author: Wawrzyniuk, Justyna
title: Assimilation of English borrowings in Japanese
date: 2017-12-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4327
sentence: 380
flesch: 65
cache: cache/cross-596.pdf
txt: txt/cross-596.txt
summary:
  It can be attrib- uted to the fact that when native Japanese words are transcribed into hiragana, another writing system, long /o/ is marked by adding u to the spelling, and long /e/ is marked by adding the letter i. For example, the post on a social media platform Twitter is called a tweet, which entered Japanese language as tsuitto.


id: cross-551
author: Kula, Julia
title: Lost in space, lost in himself: Paul Auster’s Ghosts and the postmodern city
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7911
sentence: 432
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cross-551.pdf
txt: txt/cross-551.txt
summary:
  Keywords: Auster, Ghosts, postmodern detective fiction, space, chronotope. 2. Postmodern detective fiction Although there can be enumerated crucial differences between the dominant chrono- topes and the construction of the private eye in the traditional story of detection and the hard-boiled variant, the fundamental formula is still based on the detective’s inquiry leading to the solution.


id: cross-588
author: Kharmandar, Mohammad Ali
title: A Hermeneutic Critique on George Steiner’s Hermeneutic Motion in Translation
date: 2018-03-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7971
sentence: 388
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cross-588.pdf
txt: txt/cross-588.txt
summary:
  Many TS readers might assume that the hermeneutic motion remains an inevitable and acknowledged asset in the reservoir of hermeneutic translation theories. Steiner, apparently to justify his theory in the next chapter, mentions a gap in translation theory and its marginality in literature (AB: 284).


id: cross-543
author: Dalamu, Taofeek O.
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8857
sentence: 689
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cross-543.pdf
txt: txt/cross-543.txt
title:
  Investigating multilingual contexts in the Nigerian advertising space: A domain of intellectual stimulation

summary:
  This inevitable contextual variable propels the experts in the field to be liberal in shaping advertising texts. The long term effect of an expert’s production on dexterity of advertising texts might encourage a consistent patronage of recipients as well as clients.


id: cross-600
author: Drab, Ewa
date: 2017-09-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6685
sentence: 292
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cross-600.pdf
txt: txt/cross-600.txt
title:
  Time and History at the Crossroads of Polish Imaginary Genres. Krzysztof Piskorski’s Czterdzieści i cztery and Andrzej Pilipiuk’s Operacja Dzień Wskrzeszenia

summary:
  In science fiction, the determinant factor is time in time travel, as well as the historical perspective of the idea of progress. Steampunk draws from history, or from 19th century history to be more precise, to tackle the topics of change and revolution, whereas science fiction is a means of interrogating progress and technological develop- ment, including time travel and its ensuing paradoxes.


id: cross-585
author: Hejwowski, Krzysztof
title: Applied Linguistics and Translation Studies
date: 2018-06-30
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2729
sentence: 208
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cross-585.pdf
txt: txt/cross-585.txt
summary:
  Translation is mentioned as a “sub-field of study”: Applied linguistics generally incorporates or includes several further identifiable sub-fields of study: second language acquisition, forensic linguistics, language testing, corpus linguistics, lexicography and dictionary making, language translation, and second language writing research. Two things deserve our attention: first, placing translation somewhere between language test- ing and second language writing, and the very phrase “language translation”, which reveals lack of knowledge about the issue.


id: cross-590
author: Chouarfia, Fatima Zohra
title: Understanding, Interpretation and Engagement in Translation of Political Discourse
date: 2018-03-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7630
sentence: 477
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-590.pdf
txt: txt/cross-590.txt
summary:
  This paper tries to explore how decisions are made in translation and what might influence translators’ and/or interpreters’ choices in political translation by analyzing some samples representing the main characteristics of political discourse. Translation represents a unique case of intertextuality where three sets of intertextual relations exist: 1) the relations between the foreign text and the other texts, whether in the SL or the TL; 2) the relations between the foreign text and translation traditionally based on equivalence; 3) the relations between translation and other texts, whether in the SL or the TL (Venuti 2006).


id: cross-549
author: Tardi, Mark
title: Heliopolis: Lisa Jarnot’s rewriting of a legendary city
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6539
sentence: 268
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-549.pdf
txt: txt/cross-549.txt
summary:
  Introduction Although animals have been a recurring subject throughout her oeuvre, in her second full-length book, Ring of Fire, renowned American poet and biographer Lisa Jarnot offers the reader what is perhaps her most sustained poetic exploration of nonhuman animals: Heliopolis, a sixteen-poem portfolio. In her second book Ring of Fire, American poet Lisa Jarnot offers the reader a dynamic six- teen-poem sequence entitled Heliopolis.


id: cross-604
author: Łaszkiewicz, Weronika
date: 2017-09-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6514
sentence: 289
flesch: 64
cache: cache/cross-604.pdf
txt: txt/cross-604.txt
title:
  Fairytale Fantasy, Secondary History, and Female Empowerment: Discovering the Many Dimensions of Anna Brzezińska’s Wody głębokie jak niebo

summary:
  Fairytale Fantasy, Secondary History, and Female Empowerment: Discovering the Many Dimensions of Anna Brzezińska’s Wody głębokie jak niebo 61 ArTICles Weronika Łaszkiewicz University of Białystok Fairytale Fantasy, Secondary History, and Female Empowerment: Discovering the Many Dimensions of Anna Brzezińska’s Wody głębokie jak niebo Abstract. The aim of the following paper is to examine Anna Brzezińska’s Wody głębokie jak niebo—a collection of short stories set in a fantastic world resembling Renaissance Italy.


id: cross-553
author: Mednis, Klara
title: The habitat of crime – Random Acts of Senseless Violence from the criminological perspective
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7587
sentence: 329
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-553.pdf
txt: txt/cross-553.txt
summary:
  Keywords: Jack Womack, urban ecology, New York City, alternate history, criminology. The success was proudly attributed to the effective management and introduction of new policies by Rudolph “Rudy” Giuliani, the Mayor of New York City, and William Bratton, the Commissioner of the New York City Police Department, supposedly based on the research from the influential criminological article, called “Broken Windows”, written by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling.


id: cross-598
author: Piecychna, Beata
date: 2017-09-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9493
sentence: 445
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-598.pdf
txt: txt/cross-598.txt
title:
  On the Hermeneutic Ontology of Language in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and its Latest Polish Retranslation

summary:
  As Sutherland (1970: 28) rightly observes: Language thus became a vehicle for play in a more comprehensive sense than the merely manipulatory. Questions into the nature of meaning, into the character and functions of names, and into the formal structures of language which aid or thwart attempts at communication are exploited for humorous effect simply because they are capable of being so exploited, and because Carroll saw them as such. Language cannot exist without the world, and the world cannot exist without language, according to Gadamer.


id: cross-583
author: Karimov, Raoul
title: Combined Machine-Learning Approach to PoS-Tagging of Middle English Corpora
date: 2018-06-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3855
sentence: 154
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cross-583.pdf
txt: txt/cross-583.txt
summary:
  Using a moving-average method to generate multidimensional vectors giving a reliable numeric representation of character composition and sequences, we have achieved a precision and recall of 87.5% in classifying Middle English words by their part of speech while using a simplistic combined voting-based binary classifier. This paper considers the problem of part-of-speech tagging in Middle English corpora (as well as historical corpora in general).


id: cross-557
author: Awier, Martyna
title: Donald Trump’s political campaign rhetoric. A cognitive study
date: 2019-12-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7921
sentence: 529
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-557.pdf
txt: txt/cross-557.txt
summary:
  Zinken outlines that discourse metaphors emerge from socio-cultural interactions and as such, are consequently part of a discursive reality. Discourse metaphors reflect the community’s beliefs and practices.


id: cross-606
author: Zawisławska, Magdalena; Falkowska, Marta
title: Typology of metaphors with the gustatory target domain in Polish wine discourse
date: 2017-06-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5208
sentence: 444
flesch: 71
cache: cache/cross-606.pdf
txt: txt/cross-606.txt
summary:
  1. the dominant taste of wine (sweet, acid, bitter), 2. intensity of wine taste, 3. detectability of alcohol in wine, 4. water and alcohol/extract balance in wine, 5. balance of tastes in wine, 6. durability of aftertaste. The metaphor, based on the schema wine is a physical object, brings out the three-dimensionality of wine taste and its almond aroma.


id: cross-579
author: Paciorkowski, Tomasz
title: An Overlooked Colonial English of Europe: the Case of Gibraltar
date: 2018-12-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5992
sentence: 312
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cross-579.pdf
txt: txt/cross-579.txt
summary:
  The aim of Kellermann’s thesis was to examine language attitudes, language use, and language form in contemporary Gibraltar. An Overlooked Colonial English of Europe: the Case of Gibraltar 59 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-562
author: Bryła-Cruz, Agnieszka
date: 2019-09-30
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 17402
sentence: 921
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cross-562.pdf
txt: txt/cross-562.txt
title:
  Communicative responsibility in non-native speech. Overcoming foreign accent in English in religious discourse

summary:
  Its main aim is to determine the presence / absence of those phonetic features of Polish English which English native speakers evaluated most harshly in empirical studies in terms of accentedness, irritation and intelligibility. Its main aim is to determine the presence / absence of those phonet- ic features of Polish English which English native speakers evaluated most harshly in empirical studies in terms of accentedness, irritation and intelligibility.


id: cross-565
author: Kucała, Bożena
title: Aporia, vortex and the hermeneutic circle in A.S. Byatt’s The Biographer’s Tale
date: 2019-06-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8130
sentence: 400
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cross-565.pdf
txt: txt/cross-565.txt
summary:
  The room of the Scandinavian scholar he consults, who obsessively researches that dangerous place in the North Sea – and who supplies the relevant copy of the newspaper – serves as a conclusive warning of some of the perils of academic life: “… there he was, in a dusty attic, behind a dusty table loaded with precarious heaps of leather volumes and yellow- ing papers, and crumbs. Phineas comes to realise that the practice of relentless dissection of imagined bodies and literary texts entraps aspiring scholars like him in a narrow, solipsistic and self-referential world.


id: cross-591
author: Stolze, Radegundis; Piecychna, Beata
title: Editorial
date: 2018-03-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1118
sentence: 39
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cross-591.pdf
txt: txt/cross-591.txt
summary:
  By presenting alternative ways of defining the act of translation, translational hermeneutics – whose theoretical foundations were established by Friedrich Schleiermacher, Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer – concentrates on the central figure of the mediating process of translat- ing, namely, the translator. Thus, with this issue of the journal, we hope to bring translational hermeneutics closer to those scholars from Central and Eastern Europe who are particularly interested in the interdisciplinarity of translation, with particular focus on its close relationship with philosophy.


id: cross-594
author: Robinson, Douglas
date: 2018-03-30
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11546
sentence: 529
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cross-594.pdf
txt: txt/cross-594.txt
title:
  Reading Translational Semiotics Hermeneutically: Juri Lotman’s Культура и взрыв and Wilma Clark’s Culture and Explosion Imagined Icotically as a Single Translingual Text

summary:
  The subtle sidelining of the Peircean “phaneroscopic” (phenomenological) impulse in the post-Peircean Eastern European semiotic tradition from Ro- man Jakobson to Juri Lotman tends to mean that, even when he invokes Ilya Prigogine’s (1973; see Robinson unpub-b for discussion) dissipative systems to challenge the transcendentalization of stable structure, Lotman tends to see structures shifting rather than human beings experiencing semiosis as kinesthetic clashes and tensions. This article both argues for a stereoscopic read- ing of Lotman’s Культура и взрыв (‘Kul’tura i zryv’) and Wilma Clark’s English translation Culture and Explosion, as a second-best application of the two-language principle to Lotman’s cultural semeiotic, and illustrates some of the consequences for the semiotic study of such a reading.


id: cross-615
author: Sobol, Helena
title: Against Old English ‘short’ diphthongs
date: 2017-03-30
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2946
sentence: 228
flesch: 70
cache: cache/cross-615.pdf
txt: txt/cross-615.txt
summary:
  Keywords: Old English, short diphthongs, syllable weight, back umlaut, breaking. The present paper refutes the main arguments for a length contrast in OE diphthongs.


id: cross-619
author: Feldman-Kołodziejuk, Ewelina; Karczewska, Anna Maria
title: Editorial
date: 2016-12-30
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1845
sentence: 113
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-619.pdf
txt: txt/cross-619.txt
summary:
  A Journal of english studies 6 EDITORIAL As has already been observed by our colleagues, Sylwia Borowska-Szerszun and Tomasz Sawczuk, in Volume One of Remembering/Forgetting (Crossroads 14), memory studies have been gaining increased and unwavering attention for the last few decades. Even if Roediger and Wertsch (19) argue that “unless and until proper methods and theories are developed to lead to a coherent field, memory studies as a proper discipline may still be awaiting its birth,” it is impossible to deny their existence as a multi- or interdisciplinary field.


id: cross-577
author: Ziomek, Ewa
title: Hannibal Revived: an Aestheticized Portrayal of Hannibal Lecter in NBC’s TV Series Hannibal
date: 2018-12-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6011
sentence: 394
flesch: 65
cache: cache/cross-577.pdf
txt: txt/cross-577.txt
summary:
  Hannibal Revived The portrayal of Dr. Hannibal Lecter depicted by Bryan Fuller is even more mysterious than the character presented in the novels and films. Hannibal Revived: an Aestheticized Portrayal of Hannibal Lecter in NBC’s TV Series Hannibal 46 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-561
author: Robinson, John Timothy
title: Argument for method: An application of Barthes’ language codes in poetry
date: 2019-09-30
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9560
sentence: 472
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cross-561.pdf
txt: txt/cross-561.txt
summary:
  An application of Barthes’ language codes in poetry Abstract.  I don’t think it looks much like other poems, but it is a poem that is greatly dependent on, and interested in, its own sound.


id: cross-589
author: Stolze, Radegundis; Cercel, Larisa
date: 2018-03-30
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3776
sentence: 212
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cross-589.pdf
txt: txt/cross-589.txt
title:
  “What we need is a common language, even more than having the same methods of research.” An Interview with Radegundis Stolze on Translational Hermeneutics and its Place and Role within Translation Studies

summary:
  As you said, the core of my academic work dealing with the phenomenon of translation has been on “hermeneutical translation”, because I realized that translating is a task to be performed by living people, and not an automatic process. There are many translation competence models in Translation Studies (e.g. by Gyde Hansen, Susanne Göpferich, Hanna Risku, PACTE).


id: cross-567
author: Lisiecka, Anna
title: Comparing multimodal film texts. The case of the movie Fame (1980) and its remake Fame (2009)
date: 2019-06-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5759
sentence: 382
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cross-567.pdf
txt: txt/cross-567.txt
summary:
  As usual, it is for the reader of the present paper to decide whether the proposed model of film text comparative analysis is likely to possess the required adequacy. In the following section, 2, we discuss the foun- dations of film text analysis.


id: cross-603
author: Moroz, Grzegorz
title: Brave New World, Intertextuality and Mieczysław Smolarski
date: 2017-09-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5233
sentence: 240
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cross-603.pdf
txt: txt/cross-603.txt
summary:
  I am deeply convinced that even if Aldous Huxley had learnt Polish and read Smolarski novels, or even if he had employed ‘scouts’ to ‘scavenge’ through Slavonic literature in search of great ideas to steal (these two options are suggested by Smolarski in the closing paragraph of his “Letter to Aldous Huxley”), Brave New World would not be altered in any significant way. In 1948, Polish science-fiction writer Mieczysław Smolarski wrote an open letter to Aldous Huxley in which he accused Huxley of plagiarising, in his famous novel Brave New World (1932), two novels which Smolarski himself had written in the 1920s:


id: cross-599
author: Łaszkiewicz, Weronika; Borowska-Szerszun, Sylwia; Leś, Mariusz M.
title: Editorial
date: 2017-09-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1085
sentence: 36
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cross-599.pdf
txt: txt/cross-599.txt
summary:
  Mariusz M. Leś, in “Top Seven Polish Science Fiction Novels of the Communist Era (Lem aside)”, presents his selection of Polish science fiction novels written between 1949 and 1989, i.e. the period of the Soviet communist regime. This is certainly true as far as Polish science fiction and fantasy literature are concerned, since their present condi- tion—though, undoubtedly, determined also by the achievements of foreign writers (but to what extent?)—has been affected by the nation’s difficult yet rich past, which has in turn been reflected in the writers’ attempts at re-creating the country’s history, in the multiple references to its socio- political reality, and in the return to Slavic mythology and traditions.


id: cross-609
author: Polak, Justyna
date: 2017-06-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7270
sentence: 315
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cross-609.pdf
txt: txt/cross-609.txt
title:
  The role of emergent structure in Conceptual Blending Theory – case studies of children in advertisements

summary:
  Emergent structure is treated as a result of the creative online processing of projections of elements from input mental spaces onto a newly established space, the blend. In other words, via compression, the blend not only gains a new unique structure obtained by compressing elements and relations from input mental spaces, but also becomes more immediate to human attention.


id: cross-559
author: Buć, Bartosz
date: 2019-12-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5907
sentence: 315
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-559.pdf
txt: txt/cross-559.txt
title:
  From translation problem to translation strategy: An empirical study based on fragments of prose fiction

summary:
  Keywords: translation problems, translation strategies, translation procedures, translation process, learning translation. From translation problem to translation strategy: An empirical study based on fragments of prose fiction 22 ................................................................................................................. CROSSROADS.


id: cross-575
author: da Silva, Cristina Vieira; Pereira, Íris Susana Pires; Sebastião, Isabel
title: Portuguese teachers’ perceptions of grammar teaching
date: 2019-03-30
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6804
sentence: 313
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cross-575.pdf
txt: txt/cross-575.txt
summary:
  Our assumption is that the PCK lying at the core of grammar teaching comprises: (i) awareness of the goals of teaching grammar; (ii) knowledge about the concepts, preconceptions, and difficul- ties students show in learning grammar; (iii) familiarity with contents as specified in the official curriculum; (iv) knowledge of teaching strategies that can adequately reconcile students’ specific learning needs with curriculum contents and learning goals. Portuguese teachers’ perceptions of grammar teaching 65 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-607
author: Karczewski, Daniel; Marhula, Joanna; Rybarczyk, Magdalena
title: Editorial
date: 2017-06-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 995
sentence: 51
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cross-607.pdf
txt: txt/cross-607.txt
summary:
  A Journal of english studies Editorial This special issue brings together articles based on a selection of papers we received in response to a call for papers for a themed issue dedicated to Cognitive Linguistics (henceforth CL). A Journal of english studies to achieve its persuasive goals – is necessary to develop a well-organized and congruent emergent structure.


id: cross-581
author: Shah, Zeynep Harputlu
title: Rivalry in Literary Biography: Boswell’s Life of Johnson and Holmes’ Dr Johnson and Mr Savage
date: 2018-12-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6545
sentence: 305
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-581.pdf
txt: txt/cross-581.txt
summary:
  Taking Samuel Johnson’s life and outlook on literary biography as a starting point, the article examines two influential works that are separated by a significant amount of time, Life of Johnson (1791) by James Boswell and Dr Johnson and Mr Savage (1993, 2005) by Richard Hol- mes, suggesting that in both there is a strong sense of rivalry with their subject and an anxiety about the influence of their predecessors. 1 Major biographies of Johnson published in the eighteenth century include Hester Lynch Thrale’s Anectodes of the Late S.J., During the Last Twenty Years of his Life (1786), Sir John Hawkins’ The Life of Samuel Johnson (1787) and James Boswell’s Life of Johnson (1791).


id: cross-569
author: Martynuska, Małgorzata
title: The nostalgic landscape of Miami in Susanna Daniel’s Stiltsville
date: 2019-06-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8618
sentence: 446
flesch: 64
cache: cache/cross-569.pdf
txt: txt/cross-569.txt
summary:
  The setting of the novel is the actual community named in the title of the book and it refers to a group of houses built on pilings about a mile offshore in Biscayne Bay. The setting is the actual community named in the title of the book and it refers to a group of houses built on pilings about a mile offshore in Biscayne Bay in Florida.


id: cross-613
author: Daszkiewicz, Michał
date: 2017-03-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7360
sentence: 254
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cross-613.pdf
txt: txt/cross-613.txt
title:
  Do English learners from different countries approach (“compose”) topics differently? A study report

summary:
  A Journal of english studies which implies that language learners can be expected, for instance, to reflect on preferred ways of memorising vocabulary more than on, say, divisions within particular topics, it was hypothesised that foreign language learners, when learning any given topic, show more attention to lexis and fluency than structure (as defined above) and language correctness (Hy- pothesis 2); • on the basis of Premise 3 that reflection on language-learning practices retains a universal character, meaning that, generally speaking, it does not pertain to separate topics but rather to language as a whole, which means that language learners will have more to say about general behaviours appearing commonsensical to them (e.g. checking words before using them, selec- tion of sources, speaking fast without inhibitions etc.) rather than about topic-oriented ones, it was hypothesised that foreign language learners demonstrate more certainty with regards to universal language behaviours than those pertaining to particular topics (i.e. when surveyed, they would find items of a universal appeal less problematic to decide about than those of a narrower appeal) (Hypothesis 3); • on the basis of Premise 4 that respondents can be expected to be most positive about those lan- guage-learning practices which help them develop lexis or (the rate of) speech “across the lexical board” and most sceptical or hesitant about those behaviours through which they become fa- miliar with the structure or correct use of language elements pertaining to (only) separate topics, it was hypothesised that foreign language learners favour such practices that universally apply to lexis and fluency over those enhancing topical orientation in structure and correctness (i.e. when surveyed, they would evaluate the former more positively that the latter) (Hypothesis 4). Technically speak- ing, as a result of the said two-sidedness within and across topics, language learners develop their own intralanguages.


id: cross-587
author: Kharmandar, Mohammad Ali
date: 2018-03-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8407
sentence: 454
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cross-587.pdf
txt: txt/cross-587.txt
title:
  The Intersections of Translational Hermeneutics and Narrative Hermeneutics: The Foundational Considerations

summary:
  In narrative theory, the concept of worldmaking clarifies the way narratives configure a sphere within which words and other elements are interpreted: Such worldmaking practices are of central importance to narrative scholars of all sorts, from feminist narratologists exploring how representations of male and female characters pertain to dominant cultural stereotypes about gender roles, to rhetorical theorists examining what kinds of assumptions, beliefs, and attitudes have to be adopted by readers if they are to participate in the multiple audience positions required to engage fully with fictional worlds, to analysts (and designers) of digital narratives interested in how interactive systems can remediate the experience of being immersed in the virtual worlds created through everyday narrative practices (Herman 2009: 106). Emmott and Alexander (2009), for instance, have investigated schemata in the context of narrative theory.


id: cross-597
author: Kadhim, Kais Amir; Rashid, Ameer K.
date: 2017-12-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7248
sentence: 342
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-597.pdf
txt: txt/cross-597.txt
title:
  The Effect of Structural Changes on Ideological Meaning in the Translation of English News into Arabic: With Reference to BBC News Discourse

summary:
  the field of the fugitive al Qaeda leader’s ST Bin Laden call falls on deaf ears… US intelligence believes the Audio tape aired by an Arab TV channel is genuine making it the fugitive al-Qaeda leader’s first message since January. The phrase the fugitive al Qaeda leader is used to describe Bin Laden as a leader of an organization with the enemy is in hot pursuit.


id: cross-611
author: Piórkowska, Agnieszka
date: 2017-06-30
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8075
sentence: 469
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cross-611.pdf
txt: txt/cross-611.txt
title:
  Subjectification and intersubjectification in the analysis of the Polish adverb niestety ‘unfortunately/ regrettably’

summary:
  A Journal of english studies The analysis of the corpus also revealed two uses of niestety with the inanimate mover subject, the mover understood as “an entity undergoing a change of location” (Langacker 1991: 285). A Journal of english studies (10) Niestety, wciskając mocniej unfortunately.


id: cross-617
author: Borowska-Szerszun, Sylwia
title: The giants beneath: Cultural memory and literature in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Buried Giant
date: 2016-12-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6169
sentence: 264
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cross-617.pdf
txt: txt/cross-617.txt
summary:
  A Journal of english studies The concept of memory, both individual and collective, has been examined over the last few decades from a variety of angles, proving that the field of memory studies is open to contributions from many different disciplines. The giants beneath: Cultural memory and literature in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Buried Giant 30 CrossroAds.


id: cross-621
author: Pawlicki, Marek
title: Memory performance in William Golding’s “Envoy Extraordinary”
date: 2016-12-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5811
sentence: 287
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-621.pdf
txt: txt/cross-621.txt
summary:
  This connection is highlighted by Mieke Bal, who observes that narrative memories can be distinguished by the fact that “they are affectively colored, surrounded by an emotional aura that, precisely, makes them memorable” (viii). The article begins with the discus- sion of recollective memory, concentrating on the notion of “memory performance.”


id: cross-573
author: Fontich, Xavier
date: 2019-03-30
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8626
sentence: 533
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-573.pdf
txt: txt/cross-573.txt
title:
  Should we teach first language grammar in compulsory schooling at all? Some reflections from the Spanish perspective

summary:
  Should we teach first language grammar in compulsory schooling at all? Keywords: school, language use, grammar, reflection, metalinguistic activity, instructional sequence.


id: cross-641
author: Thomas, Michael W.
title: Only a rose, Almost, Travellers
date: 2015-12-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 556
sentence: 17
flesch: 72
cache: cache/cross-641.pdf
txt: txt/cross-641.txt
summary:
  Bells almost rang beneath the hoosh of buses, the clouds were undersides of magic ways where angels got into first position, shepherds took form in sputnik-space, prepared to be unprepared, mithering, scared stiff. The ends of unlettered roads will find them, possibly, if a caravan rocks its green roof, betrays that it is not after all the high skirt of midsummer.


id: cross-625
author: Kaptur, Paweł
date: 2016-09-30
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4657
sentence: 176
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-625.pdf
txt: txt/cross-625.txt
title:
  Oblivion and vengeance: Charles II Stuart’s policy towards the republicans at the Restoration of 1660

summary:
  King Charles II. Historians also pay attention to Charles II’s conciliatory approach towards those who rebelled: “In his determined mercy, King Charles in 1660 did show himself indeed a veritable olive-branch-bearing dove” (Fraser, 187).


id: cross-605
author: Zhang, Shuai; Luo, Shaoqian
date: 2017-06-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6102
sentence: 311
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cross-605.pdf
txt: txt/cross-605.txt
title:
  A study on conceptual transfer in the use of prepositions in English writing by Chinese secondary school students

summary:
  A study on conceptual transfer in the use of prepositions in English writing by Chinese secondary school students 62 crossroADs. This study addresses the issue of conceptual transfer in Chinese EFL learners’ use of prepositions under the guidance of Image Schema Theory, aiming to explore the cognitive underpinnings of conceptual transfer.


id: cross-601
author: Dzięcioł-Pędich, Agnieszka; Pędich, Marcin
title: Constructions of the Other in Polish Fantasy Literature
date: 2017-09-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7085
sentence: 388
flesch: 69
cache: cache/cross-601.pdf
txt: txt/cross-601.txt
summary:
  Part of the humour of one of his early adventures – “Sekrety Tajemnego Bractwa”5 (Piekara 2008: 27-102) – is that his ineptitude and ignorance of protocol are taken by other wizards as a sign of power. Un- like other wizards, Arivald (Piekara 1994, 2008) is a late-comer to the profession, with less magical prowess than them, but incredible physical strength, a different outlook, and an unusually friendly relation to the broader society.


id: cross-593
author: Stolze, Radegundis
title: Phenomenology and Rhetoric in Hermeneutic Translation
date: 2018-03-30
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9233
sentence: 525
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cross-593.pdf
txt: txt/cross-593.txt
summary:
  Hermeneutic translation competence includes various as- pects (Stolze 2015: 341): • Communicative competence (understands and writes texts in their own and the foreign language) • Intercultural competence (understands strange cultures and sees differences to their own one) • Linguistic awareness (knowing the grammar and structural rules of a language and apply- ing them) • Textual competence (knowledge of text type conventions in the source and target texts) • Terminological competence (applies relevant pre-knowledge in the respective specialist do- main with terminology) 50 CROSSROADS. A Journal of English Studies Translator’s reading Literature Specialist communication U n d er st an d in g Situational background Country, epoch, editor, author, cultural community, realia, geographical names Area of sciences or humanities with state of development, time, author, medium of publication Discourse field Social setting in culture, author’s ideology, world view in text, genre, kind of text presentation Domain with special discipline, text type, level of communication (expert/lay), text function Meaning dimension Titles, key words, isotopic web, cultural associations, metaphors, thematic strings Terminological conceptualization (definition/ deduction vs. convention/ interpretation), metaphors Predicative mode Speaker’s perspective, idiolect, sentence subjects, deixis, focusing, verbal tense, irony, quotations, intertextuality, register Speech acts, phrase construction, passive form, standard text blocks, anonymous voice, directives, cohesion markers, formulae, footnotes Once we have understood the text in a general way, when we know what it is saying to us, then we may write down a draft translation.


id: cross-629
author: Kucała, Bożena
title: Houses as sites of memory in Penelope Lively’s writings
date: 2016-09-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4893
sentence: 275
flesch: 66
cache: cache/cross-629.pdf
txt: txt/cross-629.txt
summary:
  Houses as sites of memory in Penelope Lively’s writings 10 CROSSROADS. This paper will analyse the representation of houses in selected novels and non-fiction by Penelope Lively.


id: cross-627
author: Kubiak, Stefan
date: 2016-09-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5567
sentence: 268
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-627.pdf
txt: txt/cross-627.txt
title:
  Childhood memories in three novels by Philip Roth: Portnoy’s Complaint, The Plot Against America, and American Pastoral as pivotal components of the protagonists’ identities

summary:
  Keywords: childhood, memory, Jewishness, Jewish identity, Philip Roth. The narrator of American Pas- toral, Nathan Zuckerman, tells the story of a person whose Jewishness seems to be of little impor- tance save certain moments where his father’s strong sense of Jewish identity and its effect on the protagonist are mentioned.


id: cross-631
author: Więckowska, Katarzyna
title: Ways of forgetting: Memory and identity in Alzheimer’s fiction
date: 2016-09-30
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5049
sentence: 196
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cross-631.pdf
txt: txt/cross-631.txt
summary:
  The novel gives Alzheimer’s a (family) history, positioning it between the cases of the famous am- nesiac Henry Molaison, who lost the ability to make new memories after a brain surgery in 1953, but kept “all of his memories before the surgery perfectly intact, his mind frozen in an endless present” (80), and of Solomon Shereshevsky, who could “remember everything,” but could not “find patterns in anything” (80) and to whom theorists refer “to support the hypothesis that our success as a species is based as much, if not more, on our ability to forget than on our ability to remember” (81). Alzheimer’s is a disease that poses a challenge to the established ways of thinking about the relation be- tween memory, identity and narrative.


id: cross-633
author: Klimiuk, Magdalena
title: Race, space and post-colonial landscape in Bernard Malamud’s The Tenants
date: 2016-06-30
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4706
sentence: 239
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cross-633.pdf
txt: txt/cross-633.txt
summary:
  When the typist turned his head, a goateed man, darkly black-skinned, there seemed in his large liquid eyes poised in suspension as he stared at the writer a detachment so pure it menaced; at the same time a suggestion of fright Lesser felt reflected Lesser’s. Not only will Willie’s manuscript be inter- preted as Bhabha’s colonial symbol of desire and hatred at the same time, but Lesser’s attempt at improving Willie’s manuscript is, in my interpretation, perceived by Willie as an attempt at colo- nizing his mind/writing.


id: cross-645
author: Thomas, Michael W.
title: “Smile”, “How Now”, “Harbours Hill, Worcestershire”
date: 2015-09-30
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 651
sentence: 14
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-645.pdf
txt: txt/cross-645.txt
summary:
  A Journal of English Studies When colour depletes and my porch’s window gives up on show and tell I’ll lift the letterflap feel my smile tumbling in under my hand it will tell me in its different keys of silence how it has fared— hunting through the fissures of the day making like clown, Samaritan, peace-patcher— if it got between a hand and self-removal sealed a union of the widowed made someone laugh at a joke like itself, complete as a ripple, sudden as a lift of mist 39 THE WRITER’S CORNER How Now I’ve the look of a man who doesn’t know if he’ll come out where he went in I sing these days under my breath prefer the gaps between words the moments after things happen I see but no memories mass about thought shows its usual lump beneath the covers coming out of a station say I may wonder what kind of evening the sun has struck for us then drop into it feel how footsteps trap destinations how the colours of traffic splash each other up from lane to lane here comes a man hands-free spraying intimacy onto other breaths A Journal of English Studies I could die here furl to a brief aggravation of air leave my image to sink like daylight through the waves an echo that never used a word 41 THE WRITER’S


id: cross-595
author: Olofinsao, Abiodun Minister
title: Intertextuality and African Writers
date: 2017-12-30
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5015
sentence: 271
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-595.pdf
txt: txt/cross-595.txt
summary:
  It depends on the so- cio-political realities of its enabling milieu and the precursor texts (oral/written) for its impetus… African writers also depend on earlier texts for their themes and styles. Among African writers, except a newly produced literary work asserts its own generally ac- claimed uniqueness, there is uniform acknowledgment that most literary texts, if not all, take a clue from pre-existing works,.


id: cross-620
author: Sawczuk, Tomasz
title: “I’ve been crawling up so long on your stairway to heaven”: The rise of the female rock memoir
date: 2016-12-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5524
sentence: 271
flesch: 64
cache: cache/cross-620.pdf
txt: txt/cross-620.txt
summary:
  Keywords: female rock memoir, feminism, life writing, performance, popular culture. The present paper sets out to explore the storytelling and the construction(s) of the literary self in female rock memoirs.


id: cross-616
author: Łapińska, Magdalena
title: Memory-dependent grief in Octavia Butler’s Fledgling
date: 2016-12-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6336
sentence: 348
flesch: 73
cache: cache/cross-616.pdf
txt: txt/cross-616.txt
summary:
  (I will discuss the notion of delayed grief later on, when Shori’s experience of grief over a lost symbiont is analyzed.) The article deals with the inability to experience grief due to memory loss and the struggles that come with it.


id: cross-563
author: Orzechowska, Anna
date: 2019-09-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6701
sentence: 314
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cross-563.pdf
txt: txt/cross-563.txt
title:
  “I am a teacher cleaving a track through the undergrowth of method. I am a bird”: Teaching as a site of female subversion in Sylvia Ashton-Warner’s Spinster

summary:
  Tamboukou also signals the uneasy place of female teachers within “a wider network of power relations within schools” (2000: 470). While teaching her pupils to read and write, she “found that if a personal set of words was chosen collaboratively by teacher and child, one word at a time, these un-illustrated words that name the pictures in the child’s heart would be learned easily and stay learned” (Gurewitz 2016: 780).


id: cross-635
author: Shpylova-Saeed, Nataliya
date: 2016-06-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5746
sentence: 302
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cross-635.pdf
txt: txt/cross-635.txt
title:
  Understanding Self and Others: Marriage Scenarios in Ford Madox Ford’s The Good Soldier and Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina

summary:
  This essay examines the topos of marriage as one of the textual elements that appear to establish and maintain a literary bridge between Ford and Tolstoy: based on an array of marriage stories, The Good Soldier and Anna Karenina reveal the individual’s fluid nature, which evokes a sense of uncertainty.12 Additionally, this essay will attempt to address the question whether uncertainty is presented as destructive and paralyzing, or whether it is conceptualized as unavoidable, and thus it is perceived as acceptable. Among a myriad of marriage stories, two novels stand out due to a variety of peripeteia, subplot mixes, moral confusion and desire to hear one’s own self:


id: cross-637
author: Grinev-Griniewicz, Siergiej
title: Polysemy in language and thought
date: 2016-03-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5634
sentence: 355
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-637.pdf
txt: txt/cross-637.txt
summary:
  To these varieties of polysemy we should add the well-known in linguistics enantiosemy – combining the opposite meanings in one word, “‘…enantiosemy,’ the presence of polysemies in which one sense is in some respect the opposite of the other” (Traugott 2006: 129). At 25 ARTICLES the same time there are types of polysemy which are generally unknown and not yet sufficiently investigated, especially various types of hidden polysemy.


id: cross-649
author: Crowe, John Harold
title: Can Themba: The Legacy of a South African Writer
date: 2015-06-30
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3212
sentence: 181
flesch: 69
cache: cache/cross-649.pdf
txt: txt/cross-649.txt
summary:
  ‘Mob Passion’ in Requiem for Sophia Town Anthology of Short stories, 2006, Penguin Books: London Themba:16 Themba, Can. The Tsotsi is the crude invention of a system so enshrined in the social and political landscape of apartheid South Africa that at one and the same time it repulses and attracts us; makes us laugh and makes us cry.


id: cross-623
author: Dziok-Łazarecka, Anna
date: 2016-12-30
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10144
sentence: 582
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-623.pdf
txt: txt/cross-623.txt
title:
  “I must fight, always, against forgetting” : A journey through memory and grief in Helen Macdonald’s relational autobiography H is for Hawk

summary:
  One of the problems posed at the time is again the genuineness of life narratives. “Life narrative” is narrower in that it includes self-referential or self-reflecting techniques which evoke past events but endow them with pres- ent meanings, shaping present identity.


id: cross-647
author: Korzeniewska-Nowakowska, Paulina
title: Revisiting the fairy land: Anne Sexton’s transformation of the Grimms’ female characters
date: 2015-09-30
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3318
sentence: 168
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-647.pdf
txt: txt/cross-647.txt
summary:
  Indeed, numerous screenings, revisited writings, and even Internet memes modernize fairy tale characters, mostly female ones, attributing to them features of being liberated and independent. Keywords: fairy tales; feminism; female protagonist; adaptation; postmodern poetry.


id: cross-639
author: Osoba, Joseph Babasola; Oluwamusanmi, Sola Grace
title: Genderlect as discourse in Yoruba movies
date: 2016-03-30
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7456
sentence: 536
flesch: 68
cache: cache/cross-639.pdf
txt: txt/cross-639.txt
summary:
  So by Yoruba discourse, we simply refer to Yoruba language in use. Language Use: Yoruba words used by males and females to communicate in the selected movies.


id: cross-643
author: Piecychna, Beata
title: Is (Translational) Hermeneutics of any Use for the (Cognitive) Analysis of Translation Products?
date: 2015-12-30
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8326
sentence: 386
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cross-643.pdf
txt: txt/cross-643.txt
summary:
  Keywords: translational hermeneutics; translation product; translation process; Radegundis Stolze; phenomenology. The tenets of translational hermeneutics might be used for the evaluation of both translation products and translation processes.


id: cross-610
author: Waśniewska, Małgorzata
title: The socio-parasite and bio-parasite metaphorical concepts in racist discourse
date: 2017-06-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8168
sentence: 333
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cross-610.pdf
txt: txt/cross-610.txt
summary:
  These are just some examples that illustrate the implications of such a concep- tualisation of the enemy; still, it is plain to see that the people are parasites metaphor can be directly linked to genocide, and “those who use parasite metaphors to stigmatise others risk being accused of articulating a Nazi-like world view” (Musolff 2016: 73). The main aim of the paper is to identify and evaluate the people are parasites metaphor employed while referring to racial outgroups, and to review its different forms of usage on the white-supremacist Internet forum  Stormfront.org according to the bio -parasite / socio-parasite categorisation framework proposed by Musolff (2016).


id: cross-677
author: Łapińska, Magdalena
title: “A Game of Thrones” – a New Classic?
date: 2013-12-30
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2231
sentence: 113
flesch: 69
cache: cache/cross-677.pdf
txt: txt/cross-677.txt
summary:
  Presented characters and symbols demonstrate that A Game of Thrones possesses the elements characteristic of all classics and despite the fact that it belongs to genre of Fantasy it is feasible it will become a classic. A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin is one book that adheres to the overlooked genre of Fantasy.


id: cross-618
author: Uchman, Jadwiga
title: Voluntary and involuntary memory in Samuel Beckett’s Krapp’s Last Tape
date: 2016-12-30
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4494
sentence: 338
flesch: 79
cache: cache/cross-618.pdf
txt: txt/cross-618.txt
summary:
  In a letter to Alan Schneider, his friend who directed Krapp’s Last Tape and many other plays written by him, Beckett wondered what would have happened “if instead of sacrificing the girl in the boat for the opus … magnum he had done the reverse” (Harmon 57). Last Tape (1958), originally entitled Magee Monologue, was written after Samuel Beckett had heard Pat Magee reading fragments of his fiction during a radio broadcast.


id: cross-651
author: Borowska-Szerszun, Sylwia
title: The Interplay of the Domestic and the Uncanny in Susanna Clarke’s Jonathan Strange and Mr Norrell
date: 2015-06-30
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4659
sentence: 164
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cross-651.pdf
txt: txt/cross-651.txt
summary:
  Although Mr Norrell and Jonathan Strange unknowingly played their part in the very process and came up with the necessary spell, their role in the revival of English magic proves accidental, and the magic that “returns” to England is not the gentle- manly profession desired by Mr Norrell but a more unpredictable force derived from the Raven- King, a mythical medieval magician-king of both England and Faerie. Jonathan Strange and Mr Norrell at its surface level tells the story of two male magicians, as dif- ferent as the heroines of Sense and Sensibility, who are trying to restore English magic, yet in doing so the novel consciously refers to the tradition of women’s writing, both stylistically and themati- 11 ARTICLES cally.


id: cross-622
author: Lorek-Jezińska, Edyta
title: Testimonies of absence: Trauma and forgetting in The Buried Giant by Kazuo Ishiguro
date: 2016-12-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5082
sentence: 239
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cross-622.pdf
txt: txt/cross-622.txt
summary:
  My objective is to examine the story of The Buried Giant as an instance of trauma narrative starting with an absence and a melancholic text revealing the complexity of the mourning process. My objective is to examine the story of The Buried Giant as an instance of trauma narrative, starting with an absence and a post-apocalyptic text that positions the characters and the reader in the context of catastrophic survival and traumatic loss of memory.


id: cross-663
author: Grinev-Griniewicz, Siergiej
title: Terminological aspects of modern language policy
date: 2014-09-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5544
sentence: 256
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cross-663.pdf
txt: txt/cross-663.txt
summary:
  Terminological aspects of language policy are discussed with a suggestion of introducing a new scientific discipline – linguopolitology with the respective conceptual and terminological systems; arguments for founding language planning on terminological basis and examples of regulating terminology are presented. Keywords: language policy, language planning, advancing terminology, terminology design.


id: cross-626
author: Karczewska, Anna Maria
title: The Mirabal sisters and their testimonio in Julia Alvarez’s In the Time of the Butterflies
date: 2016-09-30
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4449
sentence: 247
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-626.pdf
txt: txt/cross-626.txt
summary:
  Keywords: Rafael Trujillo, dictatorship, the Dominican Republic, Julia Alvarez, the Mirabal sisters. She claims that a testimonio may include all categories considered conventional literature, such as autobiography, autobiographical novel, oral history, memoir, confession, diary, interview, eyewitness report, life history, novella- testimonio, nonfiction novel, or “factographic” literature (22).


id: cross-659
author: Feldman-Kołodziejuk, Ewelina
title: Margaret Atwood’s "The Blind Assassin" as a Social Chronicle of 20th Century Canada
date: 2014-12-30
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4901
sentence: 224
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cross-659.pdf
txt: txt/cross-659.txt
summary:
  From time to time Ygnirods “would stage a revolt, which would then be ruthlessly suppressed”, which most likely is a reference to labour unrest and factory strikes during the Depression years (Atwood 2000:18). Keywords: Margaret Atwood, Canada, memory, social change, class division, feminism.


id: cross-673
author: Karczewski, Kacper
title: More than just "Iron Man": A Brief History of Comic Books and Graphic Novels
date: 2013-12-30
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2612
sentence: 144
flesch: 66
cache: cache/cross-673.pdf
txt: txt/cross-673.txt
summary:
  It should be noted that analysis of how superhero comics changed throughout the years can give a pretty clear picture of the social concerns of a given era. Randy Duncan and Matthew J. Smith point out that the emergence of such comics should be linked to pulp magazines, which contained stories about heroes with unusual abilities like Zorro or Tarzan.


id: cross-665
author: Mackiewicz, Anita
date: 2014-06-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4913
sentence: 287
flesch: 67
cache: cache/cross-665.pdf
txt: txt/cross-665.txt
title:
  Translation strategies across time: a comparison of two Polish renderings of Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery

summary:
  The aim of this article is to compare two Polish renderings of Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery: the oldest one by Rozalia Bersteinowa (1911/1912), and one of the most recent ones, by Paweł Beręsewicz (2013). Keywords: translation, English, Polish, adaptation, foreignisation, Anne of Green Gables, Lucy Maud Montgomery, Rozalia Bersteinowa, Paweł Beręsewicz.


id: cross-614
author: Saeed Almaroof, Rana A.
title: The effect of transparency on a three-cycle model of manipulative discourse
date: 2017-03-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5813
sentence: 306
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cross-614.pdf
txt: txt/cross-614.txt
summary:
  It is assumed that manipulative discourse can carry various types of messages on the continuum of sin- cerity, such as: truth, persuasion (argumentation), deception and manipulation. Generally speaking, manipulative discourse is far away from transparency because it entails the use of implicit strategies and processes to achieve a final goal.


id: cross-657
author: Moroz, Grzegorz
date: 2014-12-30
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5392
sentence: 221
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cross-657.pdf
txt: txt/cross-657.txt
title:
  Oxford Travel Book Writers and Gentlemen-Scholars: Constructing Narrative Personae in Aldous Huxley’s "The Jesting Pilate", Robert Byron’s "The Station" and Evelyn Waugh’s "Remote People"

summary:
  The construction of a gentleman’s narrative persona in British travel books could be analyzed from different perspectives and at many levels. Keywords: narrative persona, Oxford, novelist, travel book, construction, travel writing.


id: cross-624
author: Borowska-Szerszun, Sylwia; Sawczuk, Tomasz
title: Editorial
date: 2016-09-30
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1834
sentence: 72
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cross-624.pdf
txt: txt/cross-624.txt
summary:
  Evolving a long way from the ancient understanding of the term as “a repository of sensible and mental impressions … complemented by recollection – the process of recovering the content of past thoughts and perceptions” (Nikulin) through the Romantic thought as being constitutive for the contemporary perspectives on consciousness, the self and the discussed concept (Kilbourn, Ty, 5), memory studies have reached a stage whose focus “rests, precisely, not on the ‘past as it re- ally was,’ but on the ‘past as a human construct’” (Erll, 5). Never before have memory studies been more of a collective and transnational effort resulting in the burgeoning number of study centers, journals, book series, and degree programs, all of which engage scholarly perspectives from all around the world (Erll, 2).


id: cross-628
author: Feldman-Kołodziejuk, Ewelina
title: Michael Crummey’s River Thieves in the light of rescue history
date: 2016-09-30
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4363
sentence: 205
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cross-628.pdf
txt: txt/cross-628.txt
summary:
  Michael Crummey’s River Thieves in the light of rescue history 20 CROSSROADS. This article aims to invite a reading of Crum- mey’s works through the prism of rescue history, a concept recently introduced by a Polish scholar, Ewa Domańska.


id: cross-661
author: Łaszkiewicz, Weronika
title: Jack London: a writing sailor, a sailing writer
date: 2014-09-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6665
sentence: 364
flesch: 71
cache: cache/cross-661.pdf
txt: txt/cross-661.txt
summary:
  Becoming Jack London. London also recounts his meeting with a runaway English sailor with 2 Charmian London’s The Book of Jack London (1921) is frequently perceived as a rather sentimental and romanticized account of her late husband.


id: cross-630
author: Kamińska, Aleksandra
date: 2016-09-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5404
sentence: 259
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-630.pdf
txt: txt/cross-630.txt
title:
  The witness of the unspoken experience: Postmemory in Bernice Eisenstein’s I Was a Child of Holocaust Survivors

summary:
  I Was a Child of Holocaust Survivors was published in 2006, and although Eisenstein herself is a second generation survivor, her memoir is historically closer to the narratives of the third generation. Several of her decisions are driven by the need to complete the image of Ben. Eisenstein creates a clash between text and image in I Was a Child of Holocaust Survivors.


id: cross-648
author: Tomczak, Anna Maria
date: 2015-06-30
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2542
sentence: 128
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cross-648.pdf
txt: txt/cross-648.txt
title:
  Beata Piątek. History, Memory, Trauma in Contemporary British and Irish Fiction. Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press, 2014. pp. 197.

summary:
  The profound role of Hal- bwachs’s ideas for the development of memory studies lies in moving “the discourse concerning collective knowledge out of a biological framework into a cultural one” (Assmann 1995:125). Moreover, claiming that Halbwachs “tries to treat individual memory and collective memory as analogous” (30) seems far-fetched.


id: cross-675
author: Chakraborty, Debadrita
date: 2013-12-30
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4050
sentence: 164
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cross-675.pdf
txt: txt/cross-675.txt
title:
  An Interplay of Loss and Hope: Analyzing Diaspora Consciousness in Arnold Zable’s "Café Scheherazade"

summary:
  Analyzing Diaspora Consciousness in Arnold Zable’s Café Scheherazade”, Crossroads. Analyzing Diaspora Consciousness in Arnold Zable’s Café Scheherazade”, Crossroads.


id: cross-612
author: Szulkowska, Agata
title: The problem of racism in Kathryn Stockett’s novel The Help
date: 2017-03-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6978
sentence: 327
flesch: 66
cache: cache/cross-612.pdf
txt: txt/cross-612.txt
summary:
  However, not only does the novel depict the white employers’ discrimination against black maids, but also it focuses on prejudiced treatment of the Blacks by white Americans of all ages and from all walks of life. The book is written from the perspective of three different women: Eugenia Phelan (best known for her nickname Skeeter) – a white young col- lege graduate who wants to be a journalist and undertakes a monumental task of writing a book about black maids’ struggles from their point of view, Aibileen Clark – a wise black maid who raised seventeen white children, and Minny Jackson – an outspoken black maid who persuades other black maids to help Skeeter to write the book.


id: cross-667
author: Guzowska, Dorota
title: A Conflict of Wills. The Seventeenth-Century Diarist Isaac Archer and His Father
date: 2014-06-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6929
sentence: 276
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-667.pdf
txt: txt/cross-667.txt
summary:
  The Seventeenth-Century Diarist Isaac Archer and His Father Abstract. Isaac Archer (1641-1700) was a godly man, an Anglican minister, a good father to his nine children and the son of a possessive father.


id: cross-642
author: Łaszkiewicz, Weronika
title: J.R.R. Tolkien’s Portrayal of Femininity and Its Transformations in Subsequent Adaptations
date: 2015-12-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7580
sentence: 326
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-642.pdf
txt: txt/cross-642.txt
summary:
  J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography. The Inklings: C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, Charles Williams and their Friends.


id: cross-671
author: Klimiuk, Magdalena
date: 2014-03-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6849
sentence: 332
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cross-671.pdf
txt: txt/cross-671.txt
title:
  Conundrums of Assimilation – Rethinking the World Presented in Philip Roth’s “Defender of the Faith” and Alice Walker’s “Everyday Use”

summary:
  [...] the African American who becomes a metaphor for their [Jewish American writers’] own commitment. In Search of American Jewish Culture.


id: cross-636
author: Dąbrowska, Dorota
date: 2016-06-30
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3984
sentence: 246
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cross-636.pdf
txt: txt/cross-636.txt
title:
  A multimodal perspective on metaphors and metonymies in art: A case study of the artwork Agora by Magdalena Abakanowicz

summary:
  The proposed semantic analysis is divided into two parts: the external perspective that in- volves the identification of visual metaphors and metonymies of the figural composition, and a slightly different interpretative scenario that results from combining the verbal and visual modalities – an attempt at identifying the multimodal metaphor. According to Feng and O’Halloran (2013), the object of conceptualisation often attracts more at- tention than the visual context: “cognitive studies of visual metaphor mostly focus on what is in the image, instead of how the image is represented”


id: cross-644
author: Karczewski, Daniel; Buivolova, Olga
title: Sensitivity to extralinguistic cues to identify generic and non-generic meaning
date: 2015-09-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4171
sentence: 257
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cross-644.pdf
txt: txt/cross-644.txt
summary:
  Note that sentences with identical noun phrases (“Тигры сбежали из зоопарка” / ‘Tigers escaped from the zoo’ or “Тигр греется на солнце”/‘A tiger is sunbathing’) can lead to non-generic interpretations. Following Gelman et al.’s studies, we also assumed that the plural-plural condition would elicit non-generic answers.


id: cross-650
author: Stankiewicz, Emilia
title: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre City as a manifestation of American values of freedom and democracy
date: 2015-06-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4780
sentence: 234
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cross-650.pdf
txt: txt/cross-650.txt
summary:
  It was developed late in Wright’s life (The Disap- pearing City was published when Frank Lloyd Wright was 65 years old) and worked on until his death. Writings on Wright: Selected Comment on Frank Lloyd Wright, Ed.


id: cross-681
author: Rozumko, Agata
date: 2013-09-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4720
sentence: 219
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cross-681.pdf
txt: txt/cross-681.txt
title:
  Lexicographic representations of English epistemic adverbs: an overview of problems based on selected monolingual and bilingual (English-Polish) dictionaries

summary:
  Both traditional and on-line dictionaries will be studied, with an attempt to outline the tendencies in the lexicographic description of epistemic adverbs. The scope of the study and the method The relative scarcity of publications concerning epistemic adverbs results from the fact that their cultural and linguistic significance has been noticed only rather recently.


id: cross-679
author: Smoleńska, Agnieszka
title: Wordplay in selected Polish translations of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll
date: 2013-09-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6170
sentence: 411
flesch: 73
cache: cache/cross-679.pdf
txt: txt/cross-679.txt
summary:
  The success of the book led Carroll to write a sequel – Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There, which became equally popular. Maciej Słomczyński, the translator of all of Shakespeare’s works and Ulysses by James Joyce, wrote the next rendering of Alice in 1965; he was also the first to translate Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There into Polish.


id: cross-634
author: Moroz, Grzegorz
date: 2016-06-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7134
sentence: 286
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-634.pdf
txt: txt/cross-634.txt
title:
  Parallaxes as Means of Organizing Memory in Travel Narratives of Patrick Leigh Fermor and Ryszard Kapuściński

summary:
  Traditionally, both these genres, of travel book and reportaż podróżniczy, have relied on a retrospective type of narration making both travel books and reportaż podróżniczy formally similar to journals and/or diaries. Although predominant, travel books and reportaże podróżnicze following relatively closely in the wake of the real journey, are not the only ways of textualizing journeys.


id: cross-685
author: Palmer, Kirk S.
title: Beyond the Canon: Second Looks at Oft-Neglected Books
date: 2013-06-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1093
sentence: 44
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-685.pdf
txt: txt/cross-685.txt
summary:
  * After Herman Melville – indeed, after the failure of Reconstruction and the re- introduction of Jim Crow – few works by white authors featured a black character. “Beyond the Canon”, then, will be an occasional feature in Crossroads soliciting recommendations of works which might otherwise escape notice: not necessarily “great” works – or even great reads – but ones which illumine, challenge, and/or entertain – though not necessarily all together.


id: cross-638
author: Dziok-Łazarecka, Anna
date: 2016-03-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7137
sentence: 393
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cross-638.pdf
txt: txt/cross-638.txt
title:
  “Birds have Proustian capacity for making remembrance” – a post-pastoral reading of John Lewis-Stempel’s Meadowland and the question of anthropomorphising animals

summary:
  Man’s reading of animal ways derives from years of proximity, careful observation and empa- thy. Given that, the ancient way of reading, seeing and listening to non-human world is being transformed into standardized, mechanical categorization.


id: cross-640
author: Karczewska, Anna Maria
title: Against dechoukaj: the trauma of Haiti in Edwidge Danticat’s The Dew Breaker
date: 2015-12-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5863
sentence: 341
flesch: 65
cache: cache/cross-640.pdf
txt: txt/cross-640.txt
summary:
  Silence reflects unresolved trauma, guilt and shame, while speech, however fragmented, facilitates healing and begins the process of resolving trauma. The Dew Breaker provides access to history that would otherwise be unknown and unrepresented in histories.


id: cross-646
author: Mioduszewska, Kinga Maria
title: The Development of the Protagonist in Rudolfo Anaya’s Chicano Bildungsroman Bless Me, Ultima
date: 2015-09-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8681
sentence: 457
flesch: 68
cache: cache/cross-646.pdf
txt: txt/cross-646.txt
summary:
  Therefore, the profusion of violence Tony experiences influences him strongly. At the end of Bless Me, Ultima Antonio Juan Márez y Luna is by far a young man being undisturbed by his heritage or formidability that comes with life.


id: cross-669
author: Michelis, Angelica
date: 2014-03-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9950
sentence: 382
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cross-669.pdf
txt: txt/cross-669.txt
title:
  Foreign Recipes: Mothers, Daughters and Food in "Like Water For Chocolate" , "The Joy Luck Club" and "A Chorus of Mushrooms"

summary:
  Sarah Sceats in Food, Consumption and the Body in Contemporary Women’s Fiction (2000) points out that there is a special relationship between femininity and food, because traditionally it is still mainly women who take care of the provision and cooking of meals. Uncertainty and instability are further emphasised and put to the fore by the thematic focus on food, its cooking and consumption, which are then developed as the narrative’s main subject and formal device, as Kristine Ibsen (1995) points out: Food functions as a narrative device in the novel: like a cinematic montage, bridging both temporal and spatial displacements, it transports both the characters and the reader into a sensual dimension of reality.


id: cross-632
author: Kubiak, Stefan
title: Why is Kwame Anthony Appiah’s proposal to dismiss the concept of “The West” premature?
date: 2016-06-30
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9893
sentence: 443
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cross-632.pdf
txt: txt/cross-632.txt
summary:
  Keywords: the west, western culture, western civilisation, civilisation, term. In his article “There is no such thing as western civilisation”, which is an edited version of his BBC Reith lecture recently published in The Guardian (9 Nov 2016), Appiah posits the elimination of the term “western civilisation” from public discourse.


id: cross-678
author: Lewicka-Mroczek, Ewa; Szymaniuk, Dorota
title: Prosody Learning Strategies and What English Philology Students Know about Them
date: 2013-12-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4083
sentence: 184
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cross-678.pdf
txt: txt/cross-678.txt
summary:
  Designing and piloting a tool for the measurement of the use of pronunciation learning strategies, Research in Language, vol. 8, 189-202 (at: http://versita.metapress.com/content/017pu2lk70651511/fulltext. 10.01 2013). Ewa Lewicka-Mroczek Dorota Szymaniuk The University of Bialystok Prosody Learning Strategies and What English Philology Students Know about Them Abstract.


id: cross-666
author: Unseth, Peter
date: 2014-06-30
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3051
sentence: 175
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cross-666.pdf
txt: txt/cross-666.txt
title:
  A created proverb in a novel becomes broadly used in society: “'Easily in but not easily out', as the lobster said in his lobster pot.”

summary:
  “Proverb is as proverb does: Forrest Gump, the catchphrase, and the proverb”, Proverbium 30, 377-428. http://philology.knu.ua/files/library/movni_i_konceptualni/46-2/61.pdf Probably the best known examples currently in English fiction are the wealth of created proverbs found in the film Forrest Gump, (Winick 1998:


id: cross-660
author: Kacprowska, Katarzyna
title: Aspects of Assimilation in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake
date: 2014-09-30
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4168
sentence: 232
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cross-660.pdf
txt: txt/cross-660.txt
summary:
  42-50 Various factors have served to unify the Indian American community in each area of settlement. Keywords: The Namesake, Jhumpa Lahiri, assimilation, acculturation, Indian immigrants, Indian diaspora.


id: cross-695
author: Bonner, Nora; Shayegh, Elham
title: Adam Bede Revisited: Social Stigma and the Formation of Deviant Identity
date: 2015-06-30
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3572
sentence: 194
flesch: 64
cache: cache/cross-695.pdf
txt: txt/cross-695.txt
summary:
  Throughout the novel, Hayslope community1 refuses to allow Hetty a comfortable position in their society. [Hetty] goes home and dreams of the hand- some young emperor, and perhaps weighs the flour amiss while she is thinking what a heavenly lot it must be to have him for a husband” (105).


id: cross-656
author: Kamionowski, Jerzy
date: 2014-12-30
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5175
sentence: 207
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cross-656.pdf
txt: txt/cross-656.txt
title:
  The 'Color-Line' Criticism: Literary Fiction, Historical Facts, and the Critical Controversies about William Styron’s "The Confessions of Nat Turner"

summary:
  This article analyses critical responses to William Styron’s The Confessions of Nat Turner, claiming that the reception of the novel was strongly determined by the question of race and the different perception-and- interpretation of a “common” history by black and white Americans. I am recalling this almost-contemporary event as a context to the comparably violent and tempestuous response to William Styron’s The Confessions of Nat Turner, a novel published in 1967.


id: cross-674
author: Kamionowski, Jerzy
title: Homeward Dove: Nomadism, “World”- -Travelling, and Rita Dove’s Homecoming(s)
date: 2013-12-30
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4843
sentence: 216
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cross-674.pdf
txt: txt/cross-674.txt
summary:
  As a result, Dove avoids being pigeonholed as either an integrationist or separatist poet, transcending the traditional binary critical categories of classifying American black poets. Interestingly, among the “worlds” that Dove “travel[s] to lovingly” (Lugones 1987: 17) are the old black “unfamiliar neighborhoods” (Dove 1999: 88; italics mine), a phrase that points out that her homecoming(s) are essentially different from those demanded by black revolutionary poets of the 1960s/70s such as Amiri Baraka and Sonia Sanchez.


id: cross-672
author: Foulds, Peter
date: 2014-03-30
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4456
sentence: 276
flesch: 76
cache: cache/cross-672.pdf
txt: txt/cross-672.txt
title:
  Steinbeck, Guthrie and Zanuck: a Dust Bowl Triptych. The Intertextual Life of "The Grapes of Wrath" on Paper, Celluloid and Vinyl

summary:
  John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (published 75 years ago this April) inspired Darryl F. Zanuck and John Ford to make their great film of the same name, and Woody Guthrie to write songs celebrating its characters. In a world where the arts have become one more target for multimedia corporations it is worth remembering the more authentic intertextuality of works which appeared around 1940, i.e. John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath, Darryl F. Zanuck and John Ford’s film of the same name, and the songs of Woody Guthrie.


id: cross-662
author: Olszak, Izabela
title: Graphic and semantic organizers as cognitive strategies in reading instruction
date: 2014-09-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4920
sentence: 321
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cross-662.pdf
txt: txt/cross-662.txt
summary:
  Although there are numerous definitions concerning reading strategies, researchers agree that reading strategies are conscious actions undertaken by learners to achieve specific reading goals. Researchers claim that both direct and indirect use of reading strategies lead to the improvement of reading comprehension ability.


id: cross-683
author: Roszkowska, Monika
date: 2013-09-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6273
sentence: 329
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cross-683.pdf
txt: txt/cross-683.txt
title:
  The evolution of translation standards as illustrated by the history of Polish translations of Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë

summary:
  Similarly, Dobrzańska translates the phrase Nor do I particularly affect simple-minded old ladies (chapter XIV, p. 92) as Nie cierpię ich równie mocno jak starych bab o ograniczonym umyśle (chapter XI, p. 61) (‘I hate them as much as [I hate] narrow-minded old hags’). For example, she translates Not three in three thousand raw school-girl-governesses would have answered me as you have just done (chapter XIV, p. 96) as Na sto nauczycielek, ani jedna nie zdołała by się na to, co mi pani powiedziała (chapter XI, p. 66) (‘Not one in a hundred …’) or she renders All the night I heard but three sounds at three long intervals, - a step creak, a momentary 6 renewal of the snarling, canine noise, and a deep human groan (chapter XX, p. 147) into W ciągu całej nocy tylko raz słyszałam szmer kroków, mruknięcie podobne do warczenia psa i jakiś przeciągły jęk, (chapter XVII, p. 124), which suggests that Jane heard three voices at the same time, or one after another.


id: cross-680
author: Tur, Vitaly V.
title: Telic features in the semantics of English nominal compounds
date: 2013-09-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4752
sentence: 166
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cross-680.pdf
txt: txt/cross-680.txt
summary:
  The notion of proper function is very close to J. Pustejovsky’s telic function in the qualia-structure of the meaning of nouns (Pustejovsky 1991), both used to formalise the process of lexical combinability. Thus, as can be seen from the definition, the difference between the notions of telic role and proper function is that the former serves as an umbrella term which includes the latter as an individual case among other possible functions.


id: cross-676
author: Monachowicz, Nadzieja
title: The Functioning of the CONTAINER Conceptual Metaphor in Doris Lessing’s "Children of Violence"
date: 2013-12-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6644
sentence: 320
flesch: 64
cache: cache/cross-676.pdf
txt: txt/cross-676.txt
summary:
  The Polish translations of the other titles in the series are as follows: Martha Quest- Martha Quest (Albatros 2008); A Proper Marriage – Odpowiednie małzeństwo (Albatros 2009); A Ripple from the Storm – Fala po burzy (Albatros 2010), The Four-Gated City –Miasto o czterech bramach (Albatros 2013). A parallel mode marks Lessing’s architectural journey, but the journey is not a simple one, for the mud house is not a viable reality for Martha Quest or Doris Lessing.


id: cross-658
author: Solanke, Stephen Oladele
title: Mythotypes and Sociological Imports in the Apartheid World of "Sizwe Bansi is Dead"
date: 2014-12-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6558
sentence: 444
flesch: 68
cache: cache/cross-658.pdf
txt: txt/cross-658.txt
summary:
  Buntu’s “Your wife is not working” statement (Sizwe Bansi, 27) gets Man (Sizwe)’s desultory reply: Their personalities become that of the slave, and they must always “hide your feelings” (Sizwe Bansi, 7); “clean your face” (Sizwe Bansi, 42); and “adopt a fawning, servile pose in front of the white man” (Sizwe Bansi, 43).


id: cross-697
author: Kos, Jacek
title: Anthropolinguistic Analysis of the Semantic Field of the Verb Cook
date: 2015-06-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7279
sentence: 329
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cross-697.pdf
txt: txt/cross-697.txt
summary:
  It is common prac- tice to divide Middle English period into Early Middle English (1100 – 1300) and Late Middle English (1300 – 1500) and Modern English into Early Modern English (1500 – 1800) and Late Modern English (1800 – present) (englishclub.com). As the data available in The Oxford English Dictionary (1994) suggest, the first lexeme which initialized the semantic field of cooking terms is the verb to brew.


id: cross-664
author: Szewczuk, Magdalena
date: 2014-06-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7079
sentence: 356
flesch: 65
cache: cache/cross-664.pdf
txt: txt/cross-664.txt
title:
  Equivalence and translation strategies in the Polish rendering of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey

summary:
  Venuti (1995) uses the term invisibility to describe the phenomenon of the illusion of the translated text – for those, who read it in target language it feels to be natural, and they do not think of it as a rendering: A translated text, whether prose or poetry, fiction or nonfiction, is judged acceptable by most publishers, reviewers, and readers when it reads fluently, when the absence of any linguistic or stylistic peculiarities makes it seem transparent, giving the appearance that it reflects the foreign writer’s personality or intention or the essential meaning of the foreign text—the appearance, in other words, that the translation is not in fact a translation, but the “original.” Keywords: One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Ken Kesey, translation, Polish, Tomasz Mirkowicz Introduction This paper offers a contrastive analysis of the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey and its Polish translation by Tomasz Mirkowicz with the aim to analyse the differences between them, and to estimate the extent to which the translator’s intervention has changed the text and influenced its reception among Polish readers.


id: cross-689
author: Modzelewski, Rafał
title: Virtual Togetherness: Sense of Identity and Community in Cyberspace
date: 2013-06-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8737
sentence: 450
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cross-689.pdf
txt: txt/cross-689.txt
summary:
  Introduction The growing popularity of virtual communities in the cultural West, defined as European and North American countries along with Australia and New Zealand, is a fact. Theory and definitions Howard Rheinhold coined the following definition in his The Virtual Community (1993:6): “Virtual communities are social aggregations that emerge from the Net when enough people carry on those public discussions long enough, with sufficient human feeling, to form webs of personal relationships in cyberspace.”


id: cross-687
author: Tomczak, Anna Maria
title: Rushdie Affair Revisited
date: 2013-06-30
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8951
sentence: 486
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cross-687.pdf
txt: txt/cross-687.txt
summary:
  There is a two-tier division between ‘Joseph Anton’ and ‘Salman Rushdie’, as well as between ‘Salman’ and ‘Rushdie’. Unfortunately, such inclusions become badly counterbalanced by fragments of actual letters and statements which Rushdie received in support, as in: “We should really be grateful to Rushdie for having opened up the imaginary for Muslims once again” and “The only truly free man today is Salman Rushdie


id: cross-682
author: Tso, Anna Wing Bo
date: 2013-09-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7118
sentence: 410
flesch: 70
cache: cache/cross-682.pdf
txt: txt/cross-682.txt
title:
  Transgressing the gender borders: the subversive re-inscription of Eve in Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials

summary:
  The Representation of Lyra, or the Subversive Re-inscription of Eve According to Sakenfeld (1985) one of the emphases of contemporary Christian feminists is to counteract famous Biblical texts used against women, which include: …the themes that woman was created second (Genesis 2) and sinned first (Genesis 3 and the reinforcement of this view in 1 Tim. 2:13-14); that women must keep silent in church (1 Cor. Then, in The Subtle Knife (1997), Lena Feldt, the witch, emphasizes the notion of Lyra-as-Eve again.


id: cross-668
author: Roy, Binayak
title: Mapping the Transnation: Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines
date: 2014-06-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8832
sentence: 480
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-668.pdf
txt: txt/cross-668.txt
summary:
  Her naïve belief in the existence of borders corresponds with Anderson’s conceptualization of the nation as “limited” with “finite, if elastic boundaries, beyond which lie other nations” (1983: 16). Cultural space can be configured and the unknown can be experienced “concretely” (SL, 29) in the imagination.


id: cross-670
author: Osoba, Joseph
title: A Linguistic Analysis of Wole Soyinka’s "The Trials of Brother Jero"
date: 2014-03-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7648
sentence: 521
flesch: 68
cache: cache/cross-670.pdf
txt: txt/cross-670.txt
summary:
  And since the woman in question had lifted her hands on Prophet Jero two things could be also presupposed by the reader or audience: (1) The woman did not know that Brother Jero is a prophet and (2) Brother Jero is not a true prophet. Soyinka’s The Trials of Brother Jero, portrays the protagonist, Prophet Jero, as charlatan who attempts to achieve his ambition as an important and distinctive prophet by appearing immaculate in a velvet cape, which he had not yet paid for, and articulate in prophecy.


id: cross-698
author: Puławski, Krzysztof; Semil, Małgorzata
title: Anthroponyms in translation (in Polish)
date: 2015-06-30
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2472
sentence: 187
flesch: 76
cache: cache/cross-698.pdf
txt: txt/cross-698.txt
summary:
  Zresztą „wyczucie” to pewnie złe słowo, bo chyba chodziło o odcięcie się w ten sposób od siermiężnego komunizmu. Zresztą „wyczucie” to pewnie złe słowo, bo chyba chodziło o odcięcie się w ten sposób od siermiężnego komunizmu.


id: cross-696
author: Zarzycki, Łukasz
title: Socio-lingual Phenomenon of the Anti-language of Polish and American Prison Inmates
date: 2015-06-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5746
sentence: 407
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-696.pdf
txt: txt/cross-696.txt
summary:
  This paper is devoted to the phenomenon of prison subculture from the perspective of the Polish prison slang so called the secret grypserka language (from gryps – a slang word meaning a letter smuggled into or out of a jail). The inmate code as well as special terminology is a part of prison subculture.


id: cross-684
author: Łaszkiewicz, Weronika
title: Finding God(s) in Fantasylands: Religious Ideas in Fantasy Literature
date: 2013-06-30
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7104
sentence: 308
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cross-684.pdf
txt: txt/cross-684.txt
summary:
  One reason why religious themes and motifs so frequently appear in fantasy literature is because the genre greatly relies on the world’s mythological heritage. When the truth is revealed, Freda and Skafloc’s conversation reflects the difference in her and his perception of the world based on their morality and (lack of) religious faith: ‘Come – Freda, come, forget the damned law–’ ‘It is God’s law,’ she said tonelessly.


id: cross-690
author: Mugford, Gerrard
title: Face, linguistic (im)politeness and polyphony in Thomas Hardy’s Far from the Madding Crowd
date: 2013-06-30
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6992
sentence: 388
flesch: 63
cache: cache/cross-690.pdf
txt: txt/cross-690.txt
summary:
  Watts distinguishes between politic and polite conduct in the following way: linguistic behaviour which is perceived to be appropriate to the social constraints of the ongoing interaction, i.e. as non-salient, should be called politic behaviour. The analysis shows how the protagonists use politic and polite behaviour to come across in their own way and to achieve their interpersonal aims: the courting of Bathsheba Oak and Boldwood reflects politic behaviour and gives each man different results; Troy, on the other hand, uses polite and potentially impolite behaviour to win Bathsheba’s hand.


id: cross-688
author: Davis, Boyd H.; Thiede, Ralf; Smith, Mary K.
date: 2013-06-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8255
sentence: 490
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cross-688.pdf
txt: txt/cross-688.txt
title:
  Cross-cultural Socialization into a Common Profession: Exploring how Nursing Students in Taiwan and in the U.S. Narrate Professional Identity

summary:
  The retention of traditional values can also be seen in the study by Lee-Hsieh et al. (2005) about the development of an instrument to measure patient perceptions of car ing behaviors, the results of which could be used to train student nurses. This discussion will draw on a series of written stories and commentaries on professional values in nursing for a cross-cultural pragmatics study of US nursing students in North Carolina and Chinese nursing students in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.


# url

id: cross-1956
domain: the-ravaged-angel.tumblr.com
url:
  https://the-ravaged-angel.tumblr.com/post/618929375872712704/on-a-journey-theface-of-reality-changes-with-the


id: cross-1956
domain: the-ravaged-angel.tumblr.com
url:
  https://the-ravaged-angel.tumblr.com/post/618929375872712704/on-a-journey-the-face-of-reality-changes-with-the


id: cross-1732
domain: docs.google.com
url:
  https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2pacx1vrwaagopmcwqgnixjaulzcra1e4we2u7lqj53e7qbknighvjlgmhrwlsqbqc


id: cross-1774
domain: www.irishexaminer.com
url:
  https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/kate-beaufoy-lakeside-lodge-deserved-a-story-so-i-wrote-another-heartbeat-in-the-house-366320.html


id: cross-1737
domain: english.umd.edu
url:
  https://english.umd.edu/researchinnovation/journals/paper-shell-review/paper-shell-review-spring-2019/challengingcanon


id: cross-1815
domain: www.theguardian.com
url:
  https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/apr/06/maggie-ofarrell-howdisease-has-shaped-life-as-we-know-it


id: cross-550
domain: www.theatlantic.com
url:
  https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2010/09/william-gibson-and-thefuture-of-the-future/62863


id: cross-1820
domain: www.elespectador.com
url:
  https://www.elespectador.com/judicial/mural-estado-asesino-y-otros-graffitis-que-han-sido-borrados-article


id: cross-1820
domain: www.elespectador.com
url:
  https://www.elespectador.com/judicial/mural-estado-asesino-y-otrosgraffitis-que-han-sido-borrados-article


id: cross-1820
domain: www.crisisgroup.org
url:
  www.crisisgroup.org/latin-americacaribbean/andes/colombia/090-pandemic-strikes-responding-colombiasmass-protests


id: cross-1775
domain: www.theguardian.com
url:
  https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/jun/20/simonmawers-tightrope-wins-walter-scott-prize-for-historical-fiction


id: cross-1775
domain: www.thetimes.co.uk
url:
  https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-booker-prizes-historical-novels-arent-living-in-the-past-s6njdl2ttp0


id: cross-1931
domain: www.theguardian.com
url:
  https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jan/30/number-of-slavery-victims-in-london-up-tenfold-in-five-years


id: cross-1539
domain: www.independent.co.uk
url:
  https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/theresa-maybrexit-means-brexit-conservative-leadership-no-attempt-remain-inside-eu-leave-europe-a7130596.html


id: cross-1539
domain: www.independent.co.uk
url:
  https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/brexit-definition-oxford-englishdictionary-add-new-words-2016-a7476271.html


id: cross-1539
domain: bazhum.muzhp.pl
url:
  http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media//files/kultura_popularna/kultura_popularnar2016-t-n4_(50)/kultura_popularna-r2016-t-n4_(50)-s16-34/kultura_popularna-r2016t-n4_(50)-s16-34.pdf


id: cross-1816
domain: tqr.nova.edu
url:
  https://tqr.nova.edu/2019/11/20/fiction-feminismand-qualitative-research-an-interview-with-dr-patricia-leavy/


id: cross-1816
domain: www.latimes.com
url:
  https://thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/john-lanchester-onhttps://tqr.nova.edu/2019/11/20/fiction-feminism-andhttps://tqr.nova.edu/2019/11/20/fiction-feminism-andhttps://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/07/05/dear-trump-voters-the-1950s-arent-cominghttps://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/07/05/dear-trump-voters-the-1950s-arent-cominghttps://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/07/05/dear-trump-voters-the-1950s-arent-cominghttps://www.latimes.com/politics


id: cross-1816
domain: srjcstaff.santarosa.edu
url:
  https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/05/books/review/john-lanchesterhttps://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/05/books/review/john-lanchesterhttps://srjcstaff.santarosa.edu/~mleydon/whywrited.pdf


id: cross-1930
domain: www.screeningthepast.com
url:
  http://www.screeningthepast.com/issue-39-firstrelease/towards-a-history-of-australian-film-criticism


id: cross-556
domain: www.irp.wisc.edu
url:
  http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sandhttp://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/focus/pdfs/foc121f


id: cross-1187
domain: www.theguardian.com
url:
  https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/video/2012/may/15/facebook-biggest-social-network-animation


id: cross-1187
domain: elearning.qmul.ac.uk
url:
  https://elearning.qmul.ac.uk/enhancing-your-teaching/using-social-media/using-facebook-in-your-teaching


id: cross-1628
domain: www.jstor.org
url:
  https://www.jstor.org/stable/2932544?readnow=1&refreqid=excelsior%3a08a9fff74b03f2ea30336242ca6c37f9&seq=1#page_sc


id: cross-1628
domain: www.psychologytoday.com
url:
  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/connectingcoincidence/201703/energizing-jungs-ideas-about-synchronicity


id: cross-1628
domain: www.psychologytoday.com
url:
  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/connecting-coincidence/201703/energizingjungs-ideas-about-synchronicity


id: cross-1628
domain: www.psychologytoday.com
url:
  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/connecting-coincidence/201703/energizing-jungs-ideas-about-synchronicity


id: cross-543
domain: www.mindtree.com
url:
  http://www.mindtree.com/personalization/global/pdf/mindtree-survey-report-personalization-global.pdf


id: cross-565
domain: www.nytimes.com
url:
  https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/23/books/booksof-the-times-a-bumbling-literary-sleuth-ends-up-clueless.html


id: cross-569
domain: www.palmbeachpost.com
url:
  https://www.palmbeachpost.com/entertainment/child-miamistiltsville-explores-the-precarious-balance-marriage/yjoumx2zq5jqk59pb0rq1o


id: cross-569
domain: www.nytimes.com
url:
  https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/09/science/what-is-nostalgia-good-forquite-a-bit-research-shows.html


id: cross-569
domain: fictionwritersreview.com
url:
  https://fictionwritersreview.com/interview/a-texturethe-facts-cant-convey-an-interview-with-susanna-daniel


id: cross-665
domain: childrensbooks.about.com
url:
  http://childrensbooks.about.com/od/authorsillustrato/a/anne-of-green-gables-booksauthor-prince-edward-island.htm


id: cross-665
domain: childrensbooks.about.com
url:
  http://childrensbooks.about.com/od/authorsillustrato/a/anne-of-green-gables-books-author-prince-edward-island.htm


id: cross-672
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/75-years-after-the-grapes-ofwrath-we-need-ma-joad-in-the-white-house/2014/04/18/79e8c894-c58b-11e3-bf7abe01a9b69cf1_story.html


id: cross-672
domain: www.theguardian.com
url:
  http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/14/grapes-of-wrath-75years-old-more-relevant-than-ever


id: cross-672
domain: www.theguardian.com
url:
  http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/14/grapes-of-wrath-75-years-old-more-relevant-than-ever


id: cross-662
domain: www.studenthandouts.com
url:
  http://www.studenthandouts.com/01-web-pages/k-6-ela-worksheets/ela-worksheets/vocabularyword-circles.htm


id: cross-687
domain: www.ons.gov.uk
url:
  http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rptethnicity.html#tab-ethnicity-across-the-english-regions-and-wales


id: cross-687
domain: articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com
url:
  http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-25/india/30662344_1_import-banbook-satanic-verses


id: cross-687
domain: www.ons.gov.uk
url:
  http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/keystatistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rpt-ethnicity.html#tab-ethnicityacross-the-english-regions-and-wales


id: cross-687
domain: www.telegraph.co.uk
url:
  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/9555430/josephanton-by-salman-rushdie-review.html


id: cross-687
domain: www.telegraph.co.uk
url:
  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/biographyandmemoirreviews/9558297/josephanton-by-salman-rushdie-review.html


id: cross-640
domain: www.nytimes.com
url:
  http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/10/books/books-of-the-times-hidingfrom-a-brutal-past-spent-shattering-lives-in-haiti.html?_r=0


id: cross-660
domain: timesofindia.indiatimes.com
url:
  http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/other-news/indian-americans-third-largestasian-community-in-us/articleshow/12364616.cms


# ent

id: cross-1779
sid: 323
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/have%20one%27s%20way%20with https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/have%20one%27s%20way%20with


id: cross-1532
sid: 171
eid: 4
type: DATE
entity:
  33 ......................................................................................... crossroads


id: cross-1822
sid: 350
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.orderofthegooddeath.com/article/mmiw-the-life-and-death-of-stolen-sisters/ https://www.orderofthegooddeath.com/article/mmiw-the-life-and-death-of-stolen-sisters/


id: cross-1822
sid: 398
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  https://doi.org/10.29173/cjs28261 https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/final-report/ https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/148001/their-names-cover-90-pages https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/148001/their-names-cover-90-pages


id: cross-1732
sid: 532
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2pacx1vrwaagopmcwqgnixjaulzcra1e4we2u7lqj53e7qbknighvjlgmhrwlsqbqc jcqiwj11tztjqvmxmu6/pub


id: cross-1932
sid: 786
eid: 2
type: NORP
entity:
  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313823928_the_story_of_saint_valentine https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313823928_the_story_of_saint_valentine


id: cross-1575
sid: 355
eid: 3
type: FAC
entity:
  http://www.ccsenet.org/ies https://www.researchgate.net/publication%20on%2021/10/2020 https://www.researchgate.net/publication%20on%2021/10/2020


id: cross-1575
sid: 392
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-rhetoric/ http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-rhetoric/ https://www.researchgate.net _


id: cross-1189
sid: 1
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-1931
sid: 379
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  https://lcm2022.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/programa-lcm-2022-280622.pdf https://lcm2022.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/programa-lcm-2022-280622.pdf https://doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2019.1.1 https://doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2019.1.1


id: cross-1820
sid: 289
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  www.amnesty.org/en/location/ americas/southamerica/colombia/?utm_source=google&utm_medium= cpc&gclid=eaiaiqobchmi4v4juta9wivgynich3h9qrxeaayasaaegk0afd_bwe


id: cross-1776
sid: 332
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/closeness-and-cruelty-on-tana-frenchs-the-searcher/ https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/closeness-and-cruelty-on-tana-frenchs-the-searcher/


id: cross-1539
sid: 272
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  eu. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/theresa-maybrexit-means-brexit-conservative-leadership-no-attempt-remain-inside-eu-leave-europe-a7130596.html


id: cross-1188
sid: 53
eid: 3
type: DATE
entity:
  73 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-1188
sid: 69
eid: 1
type: DATE
entity:
  74 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-1188
sid: 237
eid: 3
type: DATE
entity:
  84 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-1816
sid: 403
eid: 1
type: NORP
entity:
  https://tqr.nova.edu/2019/11/20/fiction-feminismand-qualitative-research-an-interview-with-dr-patricia-leavy/.


id: cross-1816
sid: 450
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  https://thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/john-lanchester-onhttps://tqr.nova.edu/2019/11/20/fiction-feminism-andhttps://tqr.nova.edu/2019/11/20/fiction-feminism-andhttps://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/07/05/dear-trump-voters-the-1950s-arent-cominghttps://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/07/05/dear-trump-voters-the-1950s-arent-cominghttps://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/07/05/dear-trump-voters-the-1950s-arent-cominghttps://www.latimes.com/politics/ https://www.latimes.com/politics/


id: cross-1930
sid: 395
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  http://www.screeningthepast.com/issue-39-firstrelease/towards-a-history-of-australian-film-criticism/


id: cross-571
sid: 2
eid: 1
type: DATE
entity:
  5 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-571
sid: 35
eid: 1
type: DATE
entity:
  7 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-571
sid: 56
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  8 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-571
sid: 73
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  9 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-571
sid: 168
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  https://doi.org/10.17239/l1esll-2006.06.01.04 11 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-1187
sid: 440
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://elearning.qmul.ac.uk/enhancing-your-teaching/using-social-media/using-facebook-in-your-teaching/


id: cross-582
sid: 1
eid: 3
type: PERSON
entity:
  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ m.g.


id: cross-582
sid: 262
eid: 3
type: PERSON
entity:
  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ kidwai


id: cross-566
sid: 1
eid: 2
type: DATE
entity:
  4 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-566
sid: 35
eid: 8
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  6 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-566
sid: 244
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  15 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-566
sid: 402
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  23 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-566
sid: 514
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  25 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-579
sid: 1
eid: 3
type: DATE
entity:
  59 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-579
sid: 13
eid: 2
type: DATE
entity:
  60 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-579
sid: 31
eid: 5
type: DATE
entity:
  61 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-579
sid: 72
eid: 1
type: DATE
entity:
  63 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-579
sid: 90
eid: 5
type: DATE
entity:
  64 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-579
sid: 111
eid: 1
type: DATE
entity:
  65 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-579
sid: 137
eid: 1
type: DATE
entity:
  66 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-579
sid: 149
eid: 1
type: DATE
entity:
  67 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-579
sid: 193
eid: 1
type: DATE
entity:
  69 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-579
sid: 214
eid: 1
type: DATE
entity:
  70 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-579
sid: 270
eid: 1
type: DATE
entity:
  71 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-567
sid: 2
eid: 3
type: DATE
entity:
  52 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-567
sid: 19
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  53 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-567
sid: 45
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  54 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-1628
sid: 350
eid: 3
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/connectingcoincidence/201703/energizing-jungs-ideas-about-synchronicity meredith


id: cross-1628
sid: 372
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/connecting-coincidence/201703/energizing-jungs-ideas-about-synchronicity https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1219/1219-h/1219-h.htm.%20accessed%20june%202020


id: cross-569
sid: 1
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  stiltsville 81 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-569
sid: 362
eid: 1
type: GPE
entity:
  https://www.palmbeachpost.com/entertainment/child-miamistiltsville-explores-the-precarious-balance-marriage/yjoumx2zq5jqk59pb0rq1o/


id: cross-569
sid: 384
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.huffingtonpost.com/nina-sankovitch/lifes-sturdy-pilingsemst_b_675081.html?guccounter=1 scanlan


id: cross-569
sid: 417
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://fictionwritersreview.com/interview/a-texturethe-facts-cant-convey-an-interview-with-susanna-daniel/ wilson


id: cross-569
sid: 427
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  96 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-585
sid: 125
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ brzozowski


id: cross-586
sid: 115
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ semy


id: cross-586
sid: 265
eid: 8
type: PERSON
entity:
  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ fillmore


id: cross-586
sid: 319
eid: 21
type: PERSON
entity:
  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ m.


id: cross-568
sid: 38
eid: 4
type: DATE
entity:
  31 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-568
sid: 51
eid: 2
type: DATE
entity:
  32 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-568
sid: 87
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  36 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-568
sid: 150
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  41 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-568
sid: 238
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  47 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-568
sid: 400
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  51 ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-583
sid: 76
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ jectives


id: cross-629
sid: 190
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5949326/family-album-bypenelope-lively-review.html briscoe


id: cross-672
sid: 251
eid: 7
type: PERSON
entity:
  http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/75-years-after-the-grapes-ofwrath-we-need-ma-joad-in-the-white-house/2014/04/18/79e8c894-c58b-11e3-bf7abe01a9b69cf1_story.html steinbeck


id: cross-672
sid: 261
eid: 3
type: PERSON
entity:
  http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/14/grapes-of-wrath-75years-old-more-relevant-than-ever yurchenco


id: cross-672
sid: 265
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  http://www.dailyscript.com/scripts/grapes_of_wrath.html http://www.albany.edu/talkinghistory/arch2004jan-june.html


id: cross-678
sid: 165
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  http://www.carla.umn.edu/cgi-bin/carla/anchor.pl?/strategies/annotations.html::oxford90a lewicka-mroczek


# pos

id: cross-550
sid: 202
tid: 1
pos: NOUN
token:
  https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2010/09/william-gibson-and-thefuture-of-the-future/62863/

lemma:
  https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2010/09/william-gibson-and-thefuture-of-the-future/62863/


id: cross-1820
sid: 230
tid: 3
pos: NOUN
token:
  https://www.elespectador.com/judicial/mural-estado-asesino-y-otrosgraffitis-que-han-sido-borrados-article/

lemma:
  https://www.elespectador.com/judicial/mural-estado-asesino-y-otrosgraffitis-que-han-sido-borrados-article/


id: cross-1931
sid: 326
tid: 5
pos: NOUN
token:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 108 characters]

lemma:
  https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jan/30/number-of-slavery-victims-in-london-up-tenfold-in-five-year


id: cross-1816
sid: 450
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/john-lanchester-onhttps://tqr.nova.edu/2019/11/20/fiction-feminism-andhttps://tqr.nova.edu/2019/11/20/fiction-feminism-andhttps://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/07/05/dear-trump-voters-the-1950s-arent-cominghttps://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/07/05/dear-trump-voters-the-1950s-arent-cominghttps://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/07/05/dear-trump-voters-the-1950s-arent-cominghttps://www.latimes.com/politics/

lemma:
  https://thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/john-lanchester-onhttps://tqr.nova.edu/2019/11/20/fiction-feminism-andhttps://tqr.nova.edu/2019/11/20/fiction-feminism-andhttps://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/07/05/dear-trump-voters-the-1950s-arent-cominghttps://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/07/05/dear-trump-voters-the-1950s-arent-cominghttps://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/07/05/dear-trump-voters-the-1950s-arent-cominghttps://www.latimes.com/politics/


id: cross-556
sid: 1
tid: 18
pos: PUNCT
token:
  .................................................................................................................

lemma:
  .................................................................................................................


id: cross-584
sid: 1
tid: 14
pos: PUNCT
token:
  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

lemma:
  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-560
sid: 1
tid: 22
pos: NUM
token:
  ................................................................................................................

lemma:
  ................................................................................................................


id: cross-571
sid: 2
tid: 13
pos: NOUN
token:
  ................................................................................................................................................................

lemma:
  ................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-579
sid: 1
tid: 13
pos: PUNCT
token:
  .............................................................................................................................................................................................................

lemma:
  .............................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-580
sid: 1
tid: 17
pos: NUM
token:
  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

lemma:
  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


id: cross-569
sid: 417
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://fictionwritersreview.com/interview/a-texturethe-facts-cant-convey-an-interview-with-susanna-daniel/

lemma:
  https://fictionwritersreview.com/interview/a-texturethe-facts-cant-convey-an-interview-with-susanna-daniel/


id: cross-687
sid: 136
tid: 38
pos: NOUN
token:
  http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rptethnicity.html#tab-ethnicity-across-the-english-regions-and-wales

lemma:
  http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rptethnicity.html#tab-ethnicity-across-the-english-regions-and-wale


