item: #1 of 211 id: cross-1187 author: Dzięcioł-Pędich, Agnieszka title: The World of English Teachers in a Facebook Common-Interest Group date: 2018-06-30 words: 8469 flesch: 60 summary: Finally, the findings show that, apart from creating their own personal learning networks in Facebook groups, their members treat them as arenas for promoting their products, services, or events. Keywords: language teachers, Facebook groups, professional development, personal learning networks, self-promotion. keywords: articles; comments; english; facebook; group; language; learning; likes; links; media; members; posts; social; students; teachers; teaching; use cache: cross-1187.pdf plain text: cross-1187.txt item: #2 of 211 id: cross-1188 author: Testa, Martín title: The Psycholinguistic Background of L1 Polish Students of L3 Spanish date: 2018-06-30 words: 8537 flesch: 65 summary: Kucharczyk (2018: 44) suggests that most of the contact Poles have with an L2 or L3 takes place at school while, on a daily basis, Polish language learners are not surrounded by neither cultural nor linguistic diversity. The study was aimed at exploring the psycholinguistic background of Polish students of L3 Spanish. keywords: articles; cases; english; german; group; language; learning; n =; polish; spanish; students; terms; vocabulary cache: cross-1188.pdf plain text: cross-1188.txt item: #3 of 211 id: cross-1189 author: Hassan, Walaa title: The Effect of Personality on Accent Acquisition: Case Study of Effat University Students date: 2018-06-30 words: 7004 flesch: 58 summary: However, Klein (1993) argues that extensive and continuous exposure to the second language is an essential factor, but not enough in attaining native second language accent. Also, time spent in the company of native speakers (Flege et al. 1997) was found to be a major determinant of quality of second language accent. keywords: accent; acquisition; american; english; language; learning; native; participants; personality; students cache: cross-1189.pdf plain text: cross-1189.txt item: #4 of 211 id: cross-1530 author: Karczewski, Daniel title: Editorial date: 2021-03-27 words: 465 flesch: 56 summary: Departing from semantic field analysis, the paper by Izabela Sekścińska and Agnieszka Piórkowska is a qualitative corpus analysis that provides a definition of Brexit. A Journal of English Studies 31 (2020) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Editorial This special issue brings together six original articles that view language through a cognitive lens. keywords: english; paper cache: cross-1530.pdf plain text: cross-1530.txt item: #5 of 211 id: cross-1531 author: Kraśnicka, Izabela title: Meaning in multisemiotic messages – functions of gestures accompanying speech as elements of utterance structure date: 2020-12-20 words: 6915 flesch: 58 summary: The author’s research interests focus primarily on gestures accompanying speech, their role in creating and transmitting meanings, as well as gestural phraseology as a category illustrat- ing relations that combine two semiotic modes – speech and gesture – into a semantic whole. “Notably, the term »grammar of gesture« refers to the basic form properties of gestures and their structures. keywords: 2013; english; example; gesture; grammar; language; müller; speaker; speech; statement; studies; utterance; word cache: cross-1531.pdf plain text: cross-1531.txt item: #6 of 211 id: cross-1532 author: Wiliński, Jarosław title: The preposition under and its noun collocates in the under-NOUN pattern: A quantitative corpus-based investigation date: 2020-12-20 words: 9081 flesch: 54 summary: By focusing on various senses associ- ated with particular prepositions in a systematic way, Evans and Tyler (2004a,b) explored the semantic network of prepositions and proposed perceiving prepositions on the basis of their association to proto-scenes (highly schematic spatial scenes or the primary meanings related to specific prepositions). In addition, the results of the analysis seem to suggest that the mutual associations between particular nouns and this preposition depend upon different senses of under and are therefore motivated by conceptual metaphors, metonymies, and/or image schemas. keywords: attraction; cognitive; conditions; control; corpus; english; frequency; nouns; pattern; preposition; sense; studies cache: cross-1532.pdf plain text: cross-1532.txt item: #7 of 211 id: cross-1533 author: Zyga, Magdalena title: Conceptual metaphors in lyrics, vocal realization and music – reinforcement or modification of emotional potential date: 2020-12-20 words: 10441 flesch: 57 summary: A Journal of English Studies 31 (2020) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) death, namely, is performed with falling intonation, whereas the lexeme “fantasize”, sung for the second time, is strongly emphasised and marked with rising intonation. The succeeding lines in the original version can be divided into pairs where the first item is performed in a higher key with rising intonation by either backing vocalists or the leading vocalist but with a computer-modified voice, and the second item is sung in a lower key with falling intonation (“Help me” performed in the manner described above) by the leading vocalist: “I’ve been thinking too much [high key, rising intonation] / (I’ve been thinking too much) keywords: fire; intonation; key; line; metaphor; music; negative; potential; song; stanza; time; valence cache: cross-1533.pdf plain text: cross-1533.txt item: #8 of 211 id: cross-1539 author: Sekścińska, Izabela; Piórkowska, Agnieszka title: Does Brexit mean Brexit? An analysis of the semantic field of the lexeme Brexit date: 2020-12-20 words: 8820 flesch: 59 summary: A Journal of English Studies 31 (2020) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) of linguistic samples is based on the meaning of verbs which are used to convey infor- mation on Brexit actions/influence. (7) rising Brexit uncertainty; to solve Brexit chaos; to escape Brexit troubles; to put lipstick on the pig of her Brexit mess. keywords: actions; analysis; brexit; english; examples; expressions; journal; meaning; robin; studies; subject; word cache: cross-1539.pdf plain text: cross-1539.txt item: #9 of 211 id: cross-1541 author: Matus, Łukasz title: I will see it done: Metonymic extensions of the verb see in English date: 2021-03-27 words: 8511 flesch: 60 summary: The analysis is followed by conclu- sions drawn from the database study, as well as suggestions for future research in the field of metonymic extensions of English terms of visual perception. The primary meaning of see appears to be, thus, the one of visual perception of the object of seeing. keywords: dictionary; english; ldce; metaphor; metonymy; perception; scenario; seeing; studies; verb cache: cross-1541.pdf plain text: cross-1541.txt item: #10 of 211 id: cross-1542 author: Lach-Mirghani, Katarzyna title: Selected aspects of the conceptualisation of success in English and Polish date: 2021-03-27 words: 7749 flesch: 70 summary: Success is food/beverage Another conceptualisation is that success is food/beverage. Success is a (locked) building The metaphor success is a building or a locked building implies that you can acquire the key to get into the room and gain success. keywords: crossroads; domain; english; fox; journal; meaning; means; metaphor; phrase; polish; rundell; studies; success cache: cross-1542.pdf plain text: cross-1542.txt item: #11 of 211 id: cross-1553 author: Bayode Oke, Felix; Opeyemi Olajimbiti, Ezekiel title: The pragmatics of promotional features and discourse strategies in postgraduate school prospectus in Nigeria date: 2021-03-31 words: 4919 flesch: 44 summary: Askehave (2007) investigated the impact of marketisation on higher education genres using the international student prospectus. The impact of marketization on higher education genres – the inter- national student prospectus as a case in point. keywords: applicants; discourse; education; features; genre; institution; postgraduate; prospectus; studies; university cache: cross-1553.pdf plain text: cross-1553.txt item: #12 of 211 id: cross-1554 author: Virdis, Daniela Francesca title: Stereotyping Scotland: Groundskeeper Willie’s illocutionary acts in The Simpsons date: 2021-03-31 words: 7766 flesch: 62 summary: Scottish Groundskeeper Willie and national-ethnic stereotypes in The Simpsons Groundskeeper Willie is one of the recurring figures in the American animated sitcom The Simpsons, broadcast by Fox Broadcasting Company from 1989 to the present. The Scottish character of Groundskeeper Willie figures for the first time in the episode “Principal Charming” (code 7F15, the fourteenth of the second season); the first two episodes focusing on him, though, are “Treehouse of Horror V” (code 2F03, the sixth of the sixth season) and “Treehouse of Horror VI” (code 3F04, the sixth of the seventh season) keywords: acts; bart; english; groundskeeper; illocutionary; journal; national; scottish; simpsons; sitcom; stereotypes; studies; willie cache: cross-1554.pdf plain text: cross-1554.txt item: #13 of 211 id: cross-1555 author: Öztekin, Sercan title: Subversion of gender stereotypes in Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White and Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret date: 2021-03-31 words: 6129 flesch: 59 summary: After disguising herself as a governess which is one of the few jobs for Victorian women, she can wisely display virtuous features as a way of getting married to Sir Michael Audley. In addition to her masculine physical appearance, Marian is also a strong and coura- geous character compared to figures of traditional women who are generally domi- nated by male power in Victorian fiction. keywords: audley; gender; george; lady; laura; marian; marriage; robert; victorian; women cache: cross-1555.pdf plain text: cross-1555.txt item: #14 of 211 id: cross-1556 author: Wood, Karl title: A window into short-story construction: Richard Yates’ “Builders” and questions of the autobiographical content of his work date: 2021-03-31 words: 6714 flesch: 66 summary: This was something the critic was willing to concede had been achieved in Yates’ first novel Revolutionary Road and his stories from the 1950s collected in Eleven Kinds of Loneliness (work all written prior to “Builders”), suggesting that the ‘decline’ of Yates writing came with the turn to his own lived experience. For instance, Robert Tower wrote in his review of Yates’ second collection of short stories Liars in Love (1981) that Yates’ longer work, including his later novels short stories, appears to lack the ability of his early work “to escape the 54 ......................................................................................... CROSSROADS. keywords: author; builders; new; prentice; richard; stories; story; work; writer; writing; yates cache: cross-1556.pdf plain text: cross-1556.txt item: #15 of 211 id: cross-1557 author: Wawrzyniuk, Justyna title: Oppliger, P. A., & Shouse, E. (Eds.) The Dark Side of Stand-Up Comedy. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, 320 pp, eBook ISBN: 978-3-030-37214-9, Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-030-37213-2, Hardback 96,29 € date: 2021-03-31 words: 2647 flesch: 65 summary: A feeling of defenselessness on the part of amateur comedians is an often overlooked dark side of stand-up comedy. The paradoxical darkness of that trope lies in the notion that comedians are thought of as truth-bearing, honest, and sometimes even rebellious, and that their act on stage is the same as their “act” offstage. keywords: chapter; comedian; comedy; darkness; humor; stand cache: cross-1557.pdf plain text: cross-1557.txt item: #16 of 211 id: cross-1570 author: Saks, Laura title: Is translating poems for children a child’s play? A linguistic analysis of the English translations of “Lokomotywa” by Julian Tuwim date: 2021-06-20 words: 8110 flesch: 60 summary: Keywords: poetry translation, translation strategies, translator, poetry, comparative analysis, source text, target text. Translation strategies and techniques used by Polish translators of Pride and Prejudice keywords: 2013; children; english; language; lokomotywa; newmark; original; poem; sound; strategies; studies; text; translation; tuwim cache: cross-1570.pdf plain text: cross-1570.txt item: #17 of 211 id: cross-1575 author: Akinwotu, Samuel Alaba title: A pragma-rhetorical study of selected Pentecostal sermons in Nigeria date: 2021-06-30 words: 7446 flesch: 56 summary: Keywords: communicative intention, Christian religious Pentecostal sermons, pragmeme, rhetoric, metaphor. Although the above has shown that a lot of works exist on religious texts, the prag- matic and rhetorical resources involved in effective communication of intentions have not been adequately explored in Christian religious Pentecostal sermons. keywords: communication; discourse; english; extract; god; language; listeners; nigeria; preachers; sermons; studies; study cache: cross-1575.pdf plain text: cross-1575.txt item: #18 of 211 id: cross-1576 author: Gajewska, Klaudia title: Why has phonodidactics become “the neglected orphan” of ESL/EFL pedagogy?: Explaining methodology- and ELF-related motives behind a reluctance towards pronunciation teaching date: 2021-06-30 words: 7308 flesch: 47 summary: Szpyra- Kozłowska (2018) isolated four major types of pronunciation teaching models, including native, nativised, non-native and multiple models. The information presented in Table 2 gives insights into three aforementioned types of pronunciation teaching models: native, non-native and multiple models. keywords: efl; english; esl; instruction; journal; language; learners; method; models; non; phonodidactics; pronunciation; speakers; studies; teaching cache: cross-1576.pdf plain text: cross-1576.txt item: #19 of 211 id: cross-1577 author: Jarmołowicz-Dziekońska, Małgorzata title: The picture bride phenomenon: A reflection on photography from a cultural perspective in Yoshiko Uchida’s Picture Bride date: 2021-06-30 words: 14926 flesch: 56 summary: Japanese picture brides told of being whisked from the ships by their new husbands directly to the dressmaker’s, where they would be outfitted in Western clothing, including hats, corsets, high-necked ruffled blouses, long skirts with bustles, high-laced shoes, and, for the first time in their lives, brassieres and hip pads. Indeed, the demand for Asian wives was so significant that bringing in Japanese women became a widely accepted and frequently noticed practice. keywords: american; asian; bride; crossroads; cultural; english; fact; hana; japanese; journal; life; literature; new; photography; picture; representation; studies; taro; time; translation; women cache: cross-1577.pdf plain text: cross-1577.txt item: #20 of 211 id: cross-1578 author: Żochowska, Magdalena title: Translating irony. Translation strategies and techniques used by Polish translators of Pride and Prejudice date: 2021-06-30 words: 8582 flesch: 62 summary: Translation strategies and techniques used by Polish translators of Pride and Prejudice Abstract. Keywords: Jane Austen, translation, translation strategy, translation technique, literary irony. keywords: austen; english; gawlik; irony; jane; journal; małkowska; meaning; original; przedpełska; strategies; studies; techniques; translation; trzeciakowska cache: cross-1578.pdf plain text: cross-1578.txt item: #21 of 211 id: cross-1628 author: Kliś, Agnieszka title: Theatricality of women’s voice: An Embarrassing Position by Kate Chopin date: 2021-11-26 words: 9576 flesch: 49 summary: In either event, Eva’s free way of expression is uncommon for 19th century women, who were supposed to be passive and obedient responders rather than high-lifted and intelligent interlocutors, and as such seems remarkable. Thus, an inexperienced, yet self-determined, young woman adamantly faces a mature man, who is shaken by the unexpected situation, and when the reporter arrives at Willis’s house and discovers the presence of Eva, she decides resolutely, Willis is thrown into despair. keywords: analysis; chopin; comedy; crossroads; deconstruction; english; eva; heroine; journal; jung; play; social; studies; synchronicity; willis; women cache: cross-1628.pdf plain text: cross-1628.txt item: #22 of 211 id: cross-1658 author: Islam, Khandakar Ashraful title: Biopolitical Nomos and “Bare Life” in Arundhati Roy’s Novels date: 2021-11-25 words: 6203 flesch: 60 summary: In many of her essays, debunking the shining image of India Roy has exposed the real plights, sufferings, and challenges of Indian mass people. In TMUH Roy depicts that the rise of the dominant political ideology is the major catalyst behind the “living dead” condition of the minority Muslims in India. keywords: agamben; caste; india; journal; life; minority; muslims; people; police; power; roy; state; tmuh; violence cache: cross-1658.pdf plain text: cross-1658.txt item: #23 of 211 id: cross-1659 author: Hansen, Christopher title: The Monstrous Feminine: Ungoliant, Shelob, and Women in Tolkien’s Middle-Earth date: 2021-11-25 words: 6828 flesch: 63 summary: Introduction The works of J.R.R. Tolkien have sparked numerous debates over various questionable aspects of their contents, leading to controversies from racism to sexism, and his depictions of women in particular have gained wide attention from various literary scholars (Reid 2015: 13-40). The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien. keywords: earth; evil; feminine; gender; marriage; middle; shelob; tolkien; ungoliant; women cache: cross-1659.pdf plain text: cross-1659.txt item: #24 of 211 id: cross-1700 author: Stawecka-Kotuła, Agnieszka title: Disruptive strangeness or domesticated exoticism? Some challenges of cultural translation in the Polish rendition of Fury by Salman Rushdie date: 2021-11-30 words: 6998 flesch: 52 summary: Keywords: cultural translation, domesticated exoticism, Fury by Salman Rushdie, contemporary literary translation, translation strategies. Some challenges of cultural translation in the Polish rendition of Fury by Salman Rushdie Abstract. keywords: contemporary; crossroads; culture; english; film; fury; journal; kwieciński; language; novel; original; polish; reader; rushdie; source; studies; target; text; translation cache: cross-1700.pdf plain text: cross-1700.txt item: #25 of 211 id: cross-1705 author: Czajkowska, Aleksandra title: “To give form to what cannot be comprehended”: Trauma in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five and Martin Amis’s Time’s Arrow date: 2021-11-30 words: 8241 flesch: 59 summary: Since traumatic events often involve a direct threat to one’s life, the trauma may not necessarily be a response to these experiences, but rather to the perplexing act of survival (Caruth 1996: 60). In such a way, both novels provide us with valuable insights into the minds possessed by traumatic experiences and invite the readers to think about trauma comprehensively, and empathetically. keywords: amis; billy; event; experience; fiction; life; memory; novel; odilo; studies; time; trauma; vonnegut cache: cross-1705.pdf plain text: cross-1705.txt item: #26 of 211 id: cross-1732 author: Romaniuk-Cholewska, Dominika title: An introduction to a machine translation post-editing (MTPE) course date: 2022-02-01 words: 9891 flesch: 61 summary: The author assumes that MTPE as a process should include most of the contemporary translation tools such as CAT computer-assisted tools, TM terminology management, ML machine learning, MT machine translation and its variations, AI artificial intelligence, TQM translation quality management. The author assumes that MTPE as a process should encompass most of the currently used technological translation tools, such as CAT computer-assisted tools, TM terminology management, ML machine learning, MT machine translation and its variations, AI artificial intelligence, TQM translation quality management. keywords: 2021; cat; course; editing; english; lesson; machine; machine translation; min; mtpe; participants; post; studies; task; translation cache: cross-1732.pdf plain text: cross-1732.txt item: #27 of 211 id: cross-1734 author: Mondo, Costanza title: Discontinuous homecoming and community-forging storytelling in Abdulrazak Gurnah’s By the Sea date: 2022-03-20 words: 6975 flesch: 63 summary: By the same token, though, young Latif himself acknowledged the need for a friend when he was in Germany: “I had already seen that everyone had a friend, and that those who did not looked languishing and afraid” (By the Sea 2001: 114). As the story unfolds, Saleh Omar and Latif Mahmud, the two main characters, succeed in shaping a new definition of home: as a physical and metaphorical place, which has a decisive impact on the process of their homecoming. keywords: english; gurnah; homecoming; journal; latif; novel; omar; sea; stories; storytelling; studies cache: cross-1734.pdf plain text: cross-1734.txt item: #28 of 211 id: cross-1737 author: Popy, Shirin Akter title: A politics of métissage: Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts date: 2022-03-20 words: 6138 flesch: 53 summary: Maxine Hong Kingston’s In The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts (1976), Maxine Hong Kingston combines numerous voices into the (auto)biographical “I” as well as various forms in the narrative to express her identity as comprising manifold, different elements. keywords: american; chinese; differences; english; kingston; lionnet; mother; métissage; self; warrior; woman; writing cache: cross-1737.pdf plain text: cross-1737.txt item: #29 of 211 id: cross-1738 author: Karczewski, Daniel title: Foreign Language Pedagogy in the Light of Cognitive Linguistics Research (Series Second Language Learning and Teaching), edited by Grzegorz Drożdż and Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2020, 131pp. ISBN: 978-3-030-58774-1. EUR 48.14 date: 2022-03-20 words: 2412 flesch: 53 summary: One might wonder why, despite more than thirty years of applied CL research, sentiments like these are frequently expressed. It is my hope that future work will also explore the role of L2 teachers, who are often unfamiliar with applied CL research, to promulgate its ideas. keywords: chapter; cognitive; language; linguistics; research; studies cache: cross-1738.pdf plain text: cross-1738.txt item: #30 of 211 id: cross-1739 author: Moroz, Grzegorz title: The 1940s: A Decade of Modern British Fiction, edited by Philip Tew and Glynn White, London, Bloomsbury Academic, 2022, (PDF) x + 347 pp., ISBN ePDF: 978-1-3501-4303-6, £117 date: 2022-03-20 words: 1641 flesch: 44 summary: “From the ranks,” the third mini-essay, is a survey of shorter fiction and novels written by Gerald Kersh and Julian Maclaren-Ross. Philips analyses such novels as Mary Renault’s The Friendly Young Ladies, Stella Gibbons’s Ticky, Nancy Mitford’s The Persuit of Love, Jean Rhys’s Good Morning, Midnight, and The Parasites by Daphne du Maurier. keywords: 1940s; british; decade; fiction; novels; orwell cache: cross-1739.pdf plain text: cross-1739.txt item: #31 of 211 id: cross-1773 author: Kucała, Bożena; Piątek, Beata title: House and home in literature: Introductory remarks date: 2022-08-01 words: 912 flesch: 61 summary: a Journal of English studiEs 36 (2022) (CC BY-nC-sa 4.0) BOŻeNa KucaŁa, BeaTa piĄTeK House and home in literature: introductory remarks The articles that comprise this volume illustrate a spectrum of literary representations of house and home: the architecture of the house, the house as a material inscription of national history (Topolovská), the house as a spatio-temporal entity preserving the past and connecting past and present (Kucała), home as a space of domestic dis comfort (Piątek), home as a site of individual and collective identity (Dudek), the country and its geography as a hospitable or inhospitable homeland (Klonowska), the politics of the house, dwellings as exteriorisations of social and ethnic divisions (Klonowska, Jęczmińska). The primary distinction between the concepts of house and home alone has given rise to manifold types of research. keywords: home; house; space cache: cross-1773.pdf plain text: cross-1773.txt item: #32 of 211 id: cross-1774 author: Kucała, Bożena title: Housing the past: Victorian houses in neo-Victorian fiction date: 2022-08-01 words: 6977 flesch: 61 summary: a Journal of English studiEs 36 (2022) (CC BY-nC-sa 4.0) BOŻENA KUCAŁA1 DOi: 10.15290/cR.2022.36.1.01 Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9882-9305 Housing the past: Victorian houses in neo - Victorian fiction Abstract. Roland’s primal discovery takes place in a library; Julia and Edie make theirs in Victorian houses. keywords: beaufoy; edie; english; fiction; heartbeat; house; julia; neo; novel; past; space; studies; summer cache: cross-1774.pdf plain text: cross-1774.txt item: #33 of 211 id: cross-1775 author: Topolovská, Tereza title: The Glass Room: Housing space, time and history date: 2022-08-01 words: 7013 flesch: 59 summary: Through the looking glass: space and place in Simon Mawer’s Simon Mawer’s Tightrope wins Walter Scott Prize for Historical Fiction. keywords: architecture; english; fiction; glass; glass room; history; house; journal; mawer; modernist; novel; space; studies; tugendhat cache: cross-1775.pdf plain text: cross-1775.txt item: #34 of 211 id: cross-1776 author: Piątek, Beata title: Ireland’s “broken” homes in the novels of Tana French date: 2022-08-01 words: 8200 flesch: 62 summary: This paper argues that Tana French effectively uses the figure of house and home in order to comment critically on the state of the nation in her Irish crime novels. Keywords: Irish crime fiction, Tana French, house and home, Celtic Tiger, domestic rituals, shelter writing. keywords: big; cal; crossroads; english; family; fiction; french; home; house; ireland; irish; journal; novel; studies; tana; tana french cache: cross-1776.pdf plain text: cross-1776.txt item: #35 of 211 id: cross-1777 author: Jęczmińska, Kinga title: Spiritual and material dimensions of home in J. M. Coetzee’s Age of Iron date: 2022-08-01 words: 7546 flesch: 69 summary: These different catego- ries include Mrs Curren, Vercueil and black people. Mrs Curren often describes her neighbours and friends who are representatives of the white community as “full-bellied neighbors leading an easy life”, which is juxtaposed against the difficult life of black people, includ- ing Florence and her husband, who have to work hard to earn their living (Belgacem 2021: 143). keywords: age; bodies; coetzee; curren; death; iron; mrs; mrs curren; novel; people; white cache: cross-1777.pdf plain text: cross-1777.txt item: #36 of 211 id: cross-1778 author: Klonowska, Barbara title: Australia as an (in)hospitable home in Peter Carey’s A Long Way from Home (2017) date: 2022-08-01 words: 6940 flesch: 57 summary: It is also the first of Carey’s novels to take up the issue of non-white Australia, as it introduces characters who represent not just the white middle class but also immigrants and First Nations; it is also the first of his works that refers to the history of the country’s racism. The article will discuss how the novel represents indifference, intoler- ance and discrimination developed first at the political level, comprising the status and legal situation of non-white characters; then at the social level, shown in common and state-induced prejudice; and finally at the level of imagery, which metaphorically employs landscape and architecture to visualise the observed divisions between the two Australias. keywords: australia; carey; chpt; english; home; inhabitants; loc; non; novel; past; people; studies; white cache: cross-1778.pdf plain text: cross-1778.txt item: #37 of 211 id: cross-1779 author: Dudek, Mateusz title: Identity and transnationalism: Narrating the Haitian-American home in selected works by Edwidge Danticat date: 2022-08-01 words: 7444 flesch: 57 summary: The analysis is based on a combination of two theories: Steven Vertovec’s theory of transnation- alism and Paul Ricoeur’s philosophy of narrative identity, which enable interpreting intergenerational identity changes, certain methods of cultural reproduction, and “little” cultural cross-connectedness of “family and household” (Vertovec 2009: 3-18) in the context of personal identity understood as formed through narratives. It appears that Paul Ricoeur’s notion of narrative identity and his explication of the process of narrative “emplotment”, as well as his other remarks on the subject of narrative understanding are valuable points that prove useful while analysing works of diasporic literature. keywords: danticat; haiti; haitian; home; identity; mother; narrative; new; sophie; story; studies; transnationalism cache: cross-1779.pdf plain text: cross-1779.txt item: #38 of 211 id: cross-1814 author: Karczewska, Anna Maria title: Introduction to the Special Issue "Risk: Intercultural and Interdisciplinary Perspectives" date: 2022-10-01 words: 1213 flesch: 56 summary: In this understanding, risk cannot be totally controlled by mankind. Risk in the Middle Ages meant danger, an act of God or force majeure, so it was understood as a natural event (Kelly 2018: 21). keywords: english; literature; risk; studies cache: cross-1814.pdf plain text: cross-1814.txt item: #39 of 211 id: cross-1815 author: Struzziero, Maria Antonietta title: “Caught in a web of absence”: Risk, death and survival in Maggie O’Farrell’s Hamnet date: 2022-10-01 words: 10053 flesch: 65 summary: When she uncovers them, she understands that Judith has been spared but, in exchange, Hamnet s̓ life is at risk and “a strange, dementing confusion starts up inside her” (246). Hamnet is divided into two parts, the caesura between the sections being represented by Hamnet s̓ death. keywords: agnes; child; death; english; family; hamnet; journal; judith; life; loss; novel; oʼfarrell; shakespeare; son; studies cache: cross-1815.pdf plain text: cross-1815.txt item: #40 of 211 id: cross-1816 author: Rundholz, Adelheid title: Unwelcome consequences: Christina Dalcher’s Vox and John Lanchester’s The Wall date: 2022-10-01 words: 9029 flesch: 64 summary: Being aware of this responsibility is at the heart of Dalcher s̓ novel. A JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES 37 (2022) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Risk6 Since the publication of Ischinger s̓ memoir and Dalcher s̓ and Lanchester s̓ novels, the world has, unfortunately, encountered many new and not so new hazards. keywords: 2019; 2020; crossroads; dalcher; english; jean; journal; kavanagh; lanchester; literature; risk; studies; time; trump; vox; wall; world cache: cross-1816.pdf plain text: cross-1816.txt item: #41 of 211 id: cross-1817 author: Fournier Kiss, Corinne title: Brazilian backlands (sertão) – natural disaster or ecocatastrophe? An ecocritical reading of João Guimarães Rosa’s landscapes date: 2022-10-01 words: 7701 flesch: 64 summary: This diversified landscape allows Guimarães Rosa, unlike other writers of the sertão, to reuse all the literary commonplaces on the paradisiacal character of Brazilian nature, be it in the form of praise of its magnificence and exceptionality or in the enumerations of its extreme biodiversity. At first glance, it seems that João Guimarães Rosa should be part of this regionalist lineage: all his stories revolve around the landscape of the sertão, and his only novel is entitled Grande sertão: keywords: brazil; brazilian; crossroads; disaster; english; g.r; guimarães; human; journal; landscape; literature; nature; new; place; rosa; sertão; studies; way; world cache: cross-1817.pdf plain text: cross-1817.txt item: #42 of 211 id: cross-1818 author: Niemirycz, Aleksandra title: Promethean struggle. Shelley, Keats, and Norwid in search of rescue in the risky world date: 2022-10-01 words: 8521 flesch: 63 summary: Norwids̓ Prometheus encourages people to save themselves and their nation through hard creative work, because, as the poet wrote in his poem Język ojczysty (ʻThe Native Languageʼ), it is not the sword or the shield which defend the nations̓ language – its identity – but only masterpieces. In his poem Prometheus Byron contained the essence of the myth and its importance for posterity: Of thine impenetrable spirit, Which earth and heaven could not convulse, A mighty lesson we inherit: keywords: beauty; byron; crossroads; earth; english; fire; gods; human; idea; journal; keats; myth; norwid; people; poem; poet; polish; prometheus; shelley; studies; work; world cache: cross-1818.pdf plain text: cross-1818.txt item: #43 of 211 id: cross-1820 author: Blandón Gómez, Hernando title: Street art and protest under pandemic conditions in Colombia: A visual semiotic approach date: 2022-10-01 words: 7718 flesch: 56 summary: I argue that it breaks the social-political culture of representation, assuming a new constructive and social-politi- cal participatory role with practices such as strikes and barricades among artistic wall paintings, and the creation and recreation of new signs and political symbols in the Colombian strike. This article engages in a visual critical semiotic analysis of Medellín street art and its interpreta- tion as political action in the Colombian social mobilisation of 2021. keywords: 2021; art; colombia; crossroads; english; image; journal; national; people; rancière; social; space; state; street; studies cache: cross-1820.pdf plain text: cross-1820.txt item: #44 of 211 id: cross-1822 author: Martínez-Falquina, Silvia title: Missing is not a destination: Bringing the indigenous woman home in MMIW literature date: 2022-10-01 words: 9648 flesch: 54 summary: This article underscores the relevance of literature within the current Missing and Murdered In- digenous Woman movement, which denounces the high rates of violence suffered by Indigenous women in Canada and the USA. Both authors challenge the Western narrative of survivorism, moving beyond the passive or guilty victim roles in settler colonial representa- tions, and positing relationality as a key value to refute the silencing and invisibility of Indigenous women. keywords: 2019; american; colonial; colonialism; crossroads; english; girls; grief; journal; literature; missing; mmiw; native; people; settler; studies; university; violence; women cache: cross-1822.pdf plain text: cross-1822.txt item: #45 of 211 id: cross-1929 author: Stojanovska-Ilievska, Natasha title: Information packaging strategies serving the communicative needs of speakers date: 2022-12-20 words: 5506 flesch: 57 summary: The distinctions between topic-comment, theme-rheme, given-new, (back)ground-fo- cus play a pivotal role in sentence information structure (Vallduvi & Engdahl 1996; Erteschik-Shir 2007). This study investigates only the LVCs with give, as this verb enters a ditransitive sentence pattern and could potentially offer greater versatility in terms of sentence structure compared to the monotransitive light verbs. keywords: english; focus; information; lvcs; packaging; position; sentence; structure; studies; verb cache: cross-1929.pdf plain text: cross-1929.txt item: #46 of 211 id: cross-1930 author: Szczygłowska, Tatiana title: The lexico-phraseological profile of professional film reviews published by the British media: A corpus-linguistic study date: 2022-12-20 words: 9639 flesch: 59 summary: Keywords: corpus linguistics, film reviews, keywords, key terms, lexical bundles. In the US, for instance, eight out of ten viewers declare they consult film reviews when making a film choice (Ford 2014). keywords: bundles; categories; corpus; crossroads; e.g.; english; film; film reviews; items; journal; keywords; new; research; reviews; studies; style; terms cache: cross-1930.pdf plain text: cross-1930.txt item: #47 of 211 id: cross-1931 author: Paliichuk, Elina title: Cognitive “warning signs” in human trafficking media texts date: 2022-12-20 words: 8618 flesch: 50 summary: The prospect for further study includes a series of surveys where the respondents would be exposed to several HT texts during a certain period of time, which will ensure a more convincing approach to HT prevention. The texts should enable the testing of the hypothesis that a media narrative5 induces readers to feel being inside HT situation, as well as encourage a higher level of empathy and emotional response, and should allow for the feeling of being in danger after reading the text; • keywords: crossroads; english; human; journal; media; reading; respondents; scale; studies; texts; trafficking cache: cross-1931.pdf plain text: cross-1931.txt item: #48 of 211 id: cross-1932 author: Dalamu, Taofeek O.; Yang, Ke title: Advertising linguistic framework: An instrument for teaching grammar in EFL university classrooms date: 2022-12-20 words: 11315 flesch: 59 summary: Therefore, the communicators motivate readers with declarative clauses, some of them punctu- ated, and imperative clauses, making statements and commands, in order to sensitise the target audience to purchase goods and services. In all, 3a, 3b, and 3c are declarative clauses, making some statements to persuade subscribers to purchase a sizable number of recharge cards for their smartphones. keywords: adjunct; ads; advertising; clause; complement; crossroads; day; elements; english; english studies; figure; finite; grammar; journal; language; meaning; new; predicator; structures; studies; subject cache: cross-1932.pdf plain text: cross-1932.txt item: #49 of 211 id: cross-1937 author: Lach Mirghani, Katarzyna title: Thank you, sorry and please: English politeness markers in Polish date: 2022-12-20 words: 9019 flesch: 71 summary: About Polish politeness. In order to compare the usage of the selected English and Polish politeness markers, and to analyse the use of English politeness markers in Polish, two corpora have been utilised: the British National Corpus (henceforth the BNC) and the National Corpus of Polish (henceforth the NCP). keywords: context; corpus; crossroads; english; examples; excerpt; forum; internet; journal; markers; polish; politeness; sorry; studies; thank; use cache: cross-1937.pdf plain text: cross-1937.txt item: #50 of 211 id: cross-1938 author: Rozumko, Agata title: Between V and T address: The translation of English address terms into Polish in serial storytelling (the case of Doc) date: 2022-12-20 words: 8074 flesch: 64 summary: Jane Rizzoli addresses Maura Isles by the N pronoun you, which the translator (Zygmunt Halka) invariably renders as T (the 2nd p. sg pronoun ty and the 2nd p. sg verbs), as in (5b), even though Maura Isles addresses her as Detective Rizzoli (V), as illus- trated in (6b). This study is concerned with the translation of address terms in serial storytelling. keywords: address; characters; doc; english; fiction; isles; jane; maura; pani; polish; rizzoli; series; terms; translation; work cache: cross-1938.pdf plain text: cross-1938.txt item: #51 of 211 id: cross-1954 author: Pawlicki, Marek title: “A Stranger in a Strange Land”: Nadine Gordimer and Her Journey Through Egypt date: 2023-03-05 words: 6106 flesch: 54 summary: Clingman adds that Gordimer s̓ travels in Africa, “may well have had an influence on her percep- tion of the direction in which the continent was heading” (Clingman 1993: 78). The vivid description, full of evocative detail, is reminiscent of Gordimer s̓ early writing – the “sensuous sensibility” (Bazin & Seymour 1990: 195) that she identified as a hallmark of her first stories. keywords: african; country; egypt; gordimer; people; sense; south; studies; travel; white cache: cross-1954.pdf plain text: cross-1954.txt item: #52 of 211 id: cross-1956 author: Szołtysek, Julia title: How to Disembark Completely: Annemarie Schwarzenbach’s and Ella Maillart’s Afghan Journey (1939) date: 2023-03-05 words: 7789 flesch: 58 summary: Curiously enough, Murdocks̓ 1981 exchange with Campbell bears some resemblance to a conversation between Ella Maillart (1903-1997), a Swiss-Danish trav- eller, reporter, and writer, and Carl Gustav Jung, whom Maillart had paid quite a casual visit before she set off in 1939 on a trip to Afghanistan with Annemarie Schwarzenbach (1909-1942), a Swiss writer, journalist and photographer: I called on C. G. Jung, hoping (very foolishly) that he could give me a key to the mentality of the so-called primitives. (Maillart 2013: 4) For Jessa Crispin (also a travel writer and a journalist; author of the memoir-travel- ogue Dead Ladies Project), who wrote the introduction to Maillart s̓ The Cruel Way, it is the bond between the two women that occupies center-stage in Maillart s̓ account. keywords: annemarie; crossroads; english; journal; journey; life; maillart; schwarzenbach; self; studies; travel; trip; way; women; writing cache: cross-1956.pdf plain text: cross-1956.txt item: #53 of 211 id: cross-1957 author: Ewertowski, Tomasz title: A Scientist’s and Tourist’s Touch – The Haptic in Travelogues about the Island of Java (M. Siedlecki and E.R. Scidmore) date: 2023-03-05 words: 11320 flesch: 61 summary: The professional, scientific charac- ter of Siedlecki s̓ touch is also manifested by the fact that he often uses some instru- ments to manipulate his specimens: “touched or grasped with pincers, it [a phyllium] falls immediately” (ʻDotknięty lub schwycony szczypczykami za brzeg ciała, natychmiast upadaʼ) (169). Although large parts of Siedlecki s̓ travelogue are composed from the vantage point of a scientist, he was much more sensitive to the haptic dimension of music than Scidmore and expressed his impressions in a more artistic way. keywords: 2022; asia; book; century; crossroads; english; english studies; experience; haptic; java; journal; polish; scidmore; scientist; sensations; senses; siedlecki; się; studies; touch; touching; tourist; travel; traveller; travelogues; tropics; university; way; world; writing cache: cross-1957.pdf plain text: cross-1957.txt item: #54 of 211 id: cross-1958 author: Kiersnowska, Beata title: Cycle Touring and the Middle-Class Consumption of Nature. Anti-urbanism in H. G. Wells’ The Wheels of Chance and Cycling Press Reports of the Late Nineteenth Century date: 2023-03-05 words: 9258 flesch: 52 summary: Hoopdriver s̓ cycling trip is a literal and symbolic escape from the city. In another press piece on country cycle touring, it is argued that the study of wayside plants and bird and animal life enhances not only the recreational aspect of riding but also develops one s̓ knowledge and the faculty of observing nature and storing quaint and curious information about it (Cycling June 12, 1897). keywords: bicycle; century; city; class; country; cycle; cycling; english; hoopdriver; journal; nature; picturesque; rural; scenery; studies; touring; urban; victorian; wells cache: cross-1958.pdf plain text: cross-1958.txt item: #55 of 211 id: cross-1959 author: Neimneh, Shadi title: The Humanist Discourse in J. M. Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians date: 2023-03-05 words: 8862 flesch: 49 summary: In the figure of the Magistrate, Coetzee found a way to negotiate ethical dilemmas and challenges faced by public intellectuals, especially those trying to speak truth to power. While for Said intellectuals are unpre- dictable, conforming to no rules or expectations, they remain secular figures worship- ping no gods (1994: xiv). keywords: coetzee; english; history; humanist; intellectual; journal; magistrate; position; power; said; studies; truth cache: cross-1959.pdf plain text: cross-1959.txt item: #56 of 211 id: cross-1960 author: Moroz, Grzegorz title: Cucumbers and Creeps: Errors in Translation Studies and in the Polish Translation of Robert Macfarlane’s The Old Ways: In memory of Krzysztof Hejwowski (1952-2019), the dearest friend and my guide to the world of translation studies date: 2023-03-05 words: 8228 flesch: 65 summary: Lefeveres̓ treatment of translations as refractions in which “misunderstandings and misconceptions” are inevitable became dominant in the burgeoning translation studies, and, as a result, translation errors have for a long time been thought of as belonging to the old, pre-theoretical and ʻlinguisticʼ period of the development of translation studies. A JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES 39 (2022) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) questions of translation studies (about equivalence, translation errors, translators̓ competence, freedom, and responsibility) are unnecessarily “annulled”. keywords: book; crossroads; english; english studies; errors; estate; journal; macfarlane; original; phrase; polish; sentence; się; studies; szlaki; title; translation; translation studies; travel; ways; word cache: cross-1960.pdf plain text: cross-1960.txt item: #57 of 211 id: cross-1961 author: Foulds, Peter title: The Commodification of James Joyce: Consuming Joyce: A Hundred Years of Ulysses in Ireland, by John McCourt, Bloomsbury Academic, 2022, 288 pp. ISBN: ePDF: 978-1-3502-0583-3. £65. date: 2023-03-05 words: 2429 flesch: 58 summary: To sum up, McCourts̓ Consuming Joyce: A Hundred Years of Ulysses in Ireland is a welcome addition to Joyce studies, and proves that the Joycean mine is nowhere near exhausted. For several decades academic work on the novel was largely carried out by American scholars, much to the chagrin of Irish academics, and lambasted by everyone from the Irish press and politicians to Joyce family members, and perhaps most of all by the Roman Catholic establishment, which in the years after the formation of the Irish Free State operated almost as an arm of the government. keywords: ireland; irish; john; joyce; mccourt; studies; ulysses; work cache: cross-1961.pdf plain text: cross-1961.txt item: #58 of 211 id: cross-1962 author: Szołtysek, Julia title: Nineteenth-Century Visions of Race: British Travel Writing about America by Justyna Fruzińska, Routledge, 2021, 158 pp. ISBN 9781032129327. £ 104. date: 2023-03-05 words: 1412 flesch: 42 summary: This accounts for an innovative perspective filling the gap in travel writing studies that have hitherto rarely joined forces with minority discourses, and if they have, this was usually to uphold the kind of white supremacist thinking and imaging that Fruzińska s̓ work seeks to dismantle. Fruzińska s̓ writing style is original, well-paced, and elegant, thus making up an inspiring and gratifying reading experience. keywords: fruzińska; studies; travel cache: cross-1962.pdf plain text: cross-1962.txt item: #59 of 211 id: cross-1963 author: Karczewska, Anna Maria title: Latin American Documentary Narratives. The Intersections of Storytelling and Journalism in Contemporary Literature by Liliana Chávez Díaz, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2021, 312 pp. ISBN: 9781501366031. £ 64.80. date: 2023-03-05 words: 2310 flesch: 36 summary: Liliana Chávez Díaz, who specializes in contemporary Latin American narrative, and who has been a cultural and investigative journalist, in her recently published book Latin American Documentary Narratives. However, once Chávez moves to the analysis of the primary texts, Latin American Documentary Narratives shines. keywords: american; chávez; crossroads.a; crónica; documentary; journalism; latin; literary; narratives; stories cache: cross-1963.pdf plain text: cross-1963.txt item: #60 of 211 id: cross-538 author: Alkhlaifat, Etaf; Yang, Ping; Moustakim, Mohamed title: Code-switching between Arabic and English during Jordanian GP consultations date: 2020-09-30 words: 7508 flesch: 55 summary: Thus, language codes may be switched at any point in the discourse due to the bilingualism of the doctors and their language preference. However, Jordanian patients speak diverse dialects in the urban and rural areas (Jarbou 2010; Al Masaeed 2013), and this may affect their communication with their doctors, and often results in misunderstand- ing and confusion (Links et al. 2019). keywords: arabic; code; communication; doctors; education; english; journal; language; medical; patient; studies; switching; university cache: cross-538.pdf plain text: cross-538.txt item: #61 of 211 id: cross-539 author: Awramiuk, Elżbieta; Citko, Michał title: Unseized opportunity. Respelling of English words in L1 Polish textbooks date: 2020-09-30 words: 6795 flesch: 58 summary: Explaining the pronunciation of foreign words in a mother tongue lesson is a perfect opportunity to develop pupils’ language awareness of the similarities and differences between the L1 and foreign languages and to build on pupils’ metalinguistic knowl- edge, to make generalizations referring to different languages, to establish connections between them and to formulate hypotheses about them. Different variants of the general education core curriculum (CC 2017: 20) result from the fact that different foreign languages can be 27 .........................................................................................CROSSROADS. keywords: awareness; education; english; form; language; polish; pronunciation; respelling; sound; textbooks; words cache: cross-539.pdf plain text: cross-539.txt item: #62 of 211 id: cross-540 author: Doleží, Linda; Kurfürstová, Petra; Šafratová, Iveta title: Acquisition of polarity items in Czech children: An experimental study date: 2020-09-30 words: 6214 flesch: 67 summary: During her studies she was interested not only in child language acquisition and in teaching methodology but also in teaching Czech as a second language. In the current Czech linguistic environment and renewed interest in child language the main attention has been paid to pre-school age language acquisition, e.g. Smolík & Bláhová (2017); Smolík & Seidlová Málková (2014); Saicová Římalová (2013); Doleží (2014); Mertins et al. (2014). keywords: alternative; ani; books; children; czech; english; grade; sentences; story cache: cross-540.pdf plain text: cross-540.txt item: #63 of 211 id: cross-541 author: Sanczyk, Anna title: Teacher identity and agency in language teaching: Adult ESL instructors as explorers date: 2020-09-30 words: 8662 flesch: 48 summary: Keywords: language teacher identity, language teacher agency, language teaching, adult ESL, culturally and linguistically diverse learners. Her research interests include language teacher identity, language teacher agency, culturally responsive pedagogy, and critical pedagogy. keywords: adult; agency; english; esl; experiences; identity; journal; language; participants; students; study; teacher; teaching cache: cross-541.pdf plain text: cross-541.txt item: #64 of 211 id: cross-542 author: Gajewska, Klaudia title: Polish pre- and upper-intermediate learners’ opinions on the significance of linguistic and non-linguistic determinants of speech in developing their EFL speaking skill: A quantitative study date: 2020-09-30 words: 7651 flesch: 51 summary: Second language speaking. It, in fact, touches upon a psychological and emotional sphere of human life because “in many contexts, people judge a language user 'at face value' upon speaking skill” (Erdonmez 2014: 40). keywords: efl; english; knowledge; language; learners; linguistic; pronunciation; speakers; speaking; speech; students; studies; teaching cache: cross-542.pdf plain text: cross-542.txt item: #65 of 211 id: cross-543 author: Dalamu, Taofeek O. title: Investigating multilingual contexts in the Nigerian advertising space: A domain of intellectual stimulation date: 2020-06-30 words: 8857 flesch: 51 summary: This inevitable contextual variable propels the experts in the field to be liberal in shaping advertising texts. The long term effect of an expert’s production on dexterity of advertising texts might encourage a consistent patronage of recipients as well as clients. keywords: ads; advertising; audience; coke; context; crossroads; cultural; dalamu; english; formation; journal; language; london; mood; people; studies; system; textual; word cache: cross-543.pdf plain text: cross-543.txt item: #66 of 211 id: cross-544 author: Oracz, Marta title: Archibald Alison, landscape painting, nature poetry and the landscape of the mind date: 2020-06-30 words: 6850 flesch: 61 summary: Archibald Alison, landscape painting, nature poetry and the landscape of the mind 67 ........................................................................................ CROSSROADS. A Journal of English Studies 29 (2020) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) MARTA ORACZ1 DOI: 10.15290/CR.2020.29.2.05 University of Silesia ORCID: 0000-0003-3120-2214 Archibald Alison, landscape painting, nature poetry and the landscape of the mind Abstract. keywords: alison; landscape; landscape painting; mind; nature; painting; poetry; scene; viewer; wordsworth cache: cross-544.pdf plain text: cross-544.txt item: #67 of 211 id: cross-545 author: Kiersnowska, Beata title: The city vs. the country: A climate of anti-urbanism in Elizabeth Gaskell’s Mary Barton date: 2020-06-30 words: 6848 flesch: 58 summary: It provoked a considerable literary response, parti- cularly in the form of the social problem novels, from such writers as Elizabeth Gaskell, Benjamin Disraeli, Charles Dickens and Charles Kingsley whose literary comment on Thomas Carlyle’s condition of England question (1843: 3) exposed social injustice suffered by the working population of industrial cities (Stoneman 2006: ix). In Mary Barton, nature is an agent of creating an atmos- phere of nostalgia for the simple and pure rural world that is disappearing, giving way to a hostile and brutal reality of industrial cities. keywords: barton; cities; city; country; elizabeth; english; gaskell; life; manchester; mary; nature; new; novel; studies; victorian cache: cross-545.pdf plain text: cross-545.txt item: #68 of 211 id: cross-546 author: Tseng, Tzu-Yi title: Lexical networks between sounds and meanings in Taiwan Mandarin: Evidence from psycholinguistics date: 2020-06-30 words: 5976 flesch: 52 summary: In the word level, words are connected to each other via different semantic rela- tions in Mandarin lexical networks. De Groot (1989) finds that imageability strongly determines responses in word associations, and Caplan & Madan (2016) propose that imageability is one of the most important factors involved in language processing. keywords: associations; journal; mandarin; networks; relation; responses; semantic; studies; syllable; taiwan; word cache: cross-546.pdf plain text: cross-546.txt item: #69 of 211 id: cross-547 author: Giglioni, Cinzia title: Annual Company Reports’ narratives migrate to the Web: A diachronic perspective date: 2020-06-30 words: 4247 flesch: 50 summary: Despite the dramatic innovation brought about in the field of corporate communication by the advent of the World Wide Web, when it comes to annual company reports (ACRs), companies seem to introduce few innovative digital elements in the drafting and formatting of the narrative sections. Keywords: annual company report, corporate narrative, digital environment, genre theory, diachronic perspective. keywords: 2019; acrs; chairman; communication; companies; company; journal; narrative; report; web cache: cross-547.pdf plain text: cross-547.txt item: #70 of 211 id: cross-548 author: Łapińska, Magdalena title: Illusionary safe havens: The role of the city and the country in Zelda Lockhart’s Fifth Born and Fifth Born II: The Hundredth Turtle date: 2020-03-30 words: 7384 flesch: 66 summary: Child sexual abuse. (1995: 9) In Fifth Born II, Odessa moves to the country where she finds temporary peace. keywords: african; city; country; ella; fifth; lockhart; mae; mother; odessa; place; violence cache: cross-548.pdf plain text: cross-548.txt item: #71 of 211 id: cross-549 author: Tardi, Mark title: Heliopolis: Lisa Jarnot’s rewriting of a legendary city date: 2020-03-30 words: 6539 flesch: 58 summary: Introduction Although animals have been a recurring subject throughout her oeuvre, in her second full-length book, Ring of Fire, renowned American poet and biographer Lisa Jarnot offers the reader what is perhaps her most sustained poetic exploration of nonhuman animals: Heliopolis, a sixteen-poem portfolio. In her second book Ring of Fire, American poet Lisa Jarnot offers the reader a dynamic six- teen-poem sequence entitled Heliopolis. keywords: aardvark; animals; armadillo; chinchilla; city; crossroads; english; heliopolis; human; jarnot; journal; poems; studies; sun cache: cross-549.pdf plain text: cross-549.txt item: #72 of 211 id: cross-550 author: Moryń, Jan title: The airstream futuropolis: Hauntological reading of Gibson’s “The Gernsback Continuum” date: 2020-03-30 words: 5062 flesch: 58 summary: A Journal of English Studies 28 (2020) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) fragments of dreams of a certain kind of future that was never realized (2008b). An important feature of hauntology that will reappear throughout this paper is its definition of the “past as ultimate future” (Derrida 2006: 61). keywords: continuum; derrida; fisher; future; gernsback; ghosts; gibson; hauntology; reality; story cache: cross-550.pdf plain text: cross-550.txt item: #73 of 211 id: cross-551 author: Kula, Julia title: Lost in space, lost in himself: Paul Auster’s Ghosts and the postmodern city date: 2020-03-30 words: 7911 flesch: 61 summary: Keywords: Auster, Ghosts, postmodern detective fiction, space, chronotope. 2. Postmodern detective fiction Although there can be enumerated crucial differences between the dominant chrono- topes and the construction of the private eye in the traditional story of detection and the hard-boiled variant, the fundamental formula is still based on the detective’s inquiry leading to the solution. keywords: auster; black; blue; city; detective; fiction; investigation; man; new; space; story; urban; york cache: cross-551.pdf plain text: cross-551.txt item: #74 of 211 id: cross-552 author: Guzowska, Dorota title: The London human zoo in Mark Mason’s Walk the Lines. The London Underground, Overground date: 2020-03-30 words: 6336 flesch: 62 summary: Keywords: human zoo, walker, the Tube, Mark Mason, metaphor. Mark Mason does not use the term human zoo in the sense proposed by Morris. keywords: author; century; crossroads; english; human; journal; london; mark; mason; people; studies; zoo; zoos cache: cross-552.pdf plain text: cross-552.txt item: #75 of 211 id: cross-553 author: Mednis, Klara title: The habitat of crime – Random Acts of Senseless Violence from the criminological perspective date: 2020-03-30 words: 7587 flesch: 58 summary: Keywords: Jack Womack, urban ecology, New York City, alternate history, criminology. The success was proudly attributed to the effective management and introduction of new policies by Rudolph “Rudy” Giuliani, the Mayor of New York City, and William Bratton, the Commissioner of the New York City Police Department, supposedly based on the research from the influential criminological article, called “Broken Windows”, written by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling. keywords: acts; areas; city; crime; english; fiction; journal; lola; new; people; studies; violence; womack; york cache: cross-553.pdf plain text: cross-553.txt item: #76 of 211 id: cross-554 author: Kamionowski, Jerzy; Karczewska, Anna Maria title: City / non-city: A preface date: 2020-03-30 words: 1015 flesch: 49 summary: This contrast between these two kinds of cities can be taken together with the strat- egies of representation. [T]he city and the urban environment represent [humanity’s] most consistent and, on the whole, [its] most successful attempt to remake the world keywords: city; crossroads; space; world cache: cross-554.pdf plain text: cross-554.txt item: #77 of 211 id: cross-555 author: Pietluch, Arkadiusz title: Stimulating educational growth through vision and self-efficacy: a case study of adult users of English as a foreign language date: 2019-12-30 words: 8930 flesch: 45 summary: The outcomes of the investigation provide satisfactory evidence to account for the presence of a reciprocal interaction between the adopted variables and prompt various noteworthy implications, for example, the positive impact of the notions on induc- ing a long-term, motivated action, the ability of vision to substitute efficacy beliefs in the initial stag- es of agency growth, and the stimulating influence of pre-experiencing emotional arousal related to a future state on a student’s language proficiency. Wise & Trunnell (2001: 269) emphasise the importance of vicarious learning for building efficacy beliefs by stating that such an observation equips an individual with a set of coping strategies helpful in tackling adversities sepa- rating a person from reaching one’s full potential. keywords: beliefs; dörnyei; efficacy; english; experience; future; journal; language; motivational; person; self; studies; vision cache: cross-555.pdf plain text: cross-555.txt item: #78 of 211 id: cross-556 author: Skał, Ewa title: Civilization and sexual abuse: selected Indian captivity narratives and the Native American boarding-school experience date: 2019-12-30 words: 5814 flesch: 60 summary: In the twentieth century, Indian boarding schools continued to be opened, and the abuse also continued. Here are his own questioning words: I often wonder how so many paedophiles ended up at Native American schools. keywords: abuse; american; boarding; captivity; children; english; indian; journal; narratives; native; rowlandson; school; white cache: cross-556.pdf plain text: cross-556.txt item: #79 of 211 id: cross-557 author: Awier, Martyna title: Donald Trump’s political campaign rhetoric. A cognitive study date: 2019-12-30 words: 7921 flesch: 58 summary: Zinken outlines that discourse metaphors emerge from socio-cultural interactions and as such, are consequently part of a discursive reality. Discourse metaphors reflect the community’s beliefs and practices. keywords: america; campaign; clinton; discourse; donald; english; hillary; lakoff; metaphor; person; politicians; politics; studies; trump cache: cross-557.pdf plain text: cross-557.txt item: #80 of 211 id: cross-558 author: Pawłowska, Katarzyna title: The wrestling with a pig in the mud metaphor in the service of liberal ideology: a critical analysis date: 2019-12-30 words: 9734 flesch: 50 summary: Political metaphor emerges from both the physical as well as social context in which it is produced and it cannot be interpreted without the reference to personal background of discourse participants and both historical as well as situational context of use, i.e. meso- and macro-levels in Fairclough’s classification.6 Chilton (2004) argues that language and political behaviour should not be merely seen as instances of social practices. Keywords: conceptual metaphor, political discourse, Critical Discourse Analysis, Critical Metaphor Analysis. keywords: analysis; church; cognitive; crossroads; dijk; discourse; english; image; journal; lakoff; language; metaphor; pig; press; studies; university; use; van cache: cross-558.pdf plain text: cross-558.txt item: #81 of 211 id: cross-559 author: Buć, Bartosz title: From translation problem to translation strategy: An empirical study based on fragments of prose fiction date: 2019-12-30 words: 5907 flesch: 60 summary: Keywords: translation problems, translation strategies, translation procedures, translation process, learning translation. From translation problem to translation strategy: An empirical study based on fragments of prose fiction 22 ................................................................................................................. CROSSROADS. keywords: english; equivalence; hrehovčík; problems; strategies; text; translation; word cache: cross-559.pdf plain text: cross-559.txt item: #82 of 211 id: cross-560 author: Kniaź, Lidia title: Sound design as narrative device in contemporary film: Subliminal soundscape of war and terror in Sicario (2015) date: 2019-09-30 words: 7194 flesch: 65 summary: Even though film industry evolved and developed due to various technological advances, prin- ciples concerning film sound seem to remain relatively unchanged as the traditional pattern of film sound design is used in most Hollywood productions. As one of the most frequently occurring sound effects in Sicario gunshot sounds also play a significant role in portraying the protagonists as they match with the character of the shooter. keywords: 2015; action; design; effects; film; journal; music; narrative; scene; score; sicario; sound; studies; way cache: cross-560.pdf plain text: cross-560.txt item: #83 of 211 id: cross-561 author: Robinson, John Timothy title: Argument for method: An application of Barthes’ language codes in poetry date: 2019-09-30 words: 9560 flesch: 61 summary: An application of Barthes’ language codes in poetry Abstract.  I don’t think it looks much like other poems, but it is a poem that is greatly dependent on, and interested in, its own sound. keywords: barthes; codes; discourse; hill; language; lines; poem; poetry; rules; text; town; water; work cache: cross-561.pdf plain text: cross-561.txt item: #84 of 211 id: cross-562 author: Bryła-Cruz, Agnieszka title: Communicative responsibility in non-native speech. Overcoming foreign accent in English in religious discourse date: 2019-09-30 words: 17402 flesch: 54 summary: Its main aim is to determine the presence / absence of those phonetic features of Polish English which English native speakers evaluated most harshly in empirical studies in terms of accentedness, irritation and intelligibility. Its main aim is to determine the presence / absence of those phonet- ic features of Polish English which English native speakers evaluated most harshly in empirical studies in terms of accentedness, irritation and intelligibility. keywords: accent; comprehension; cruz; english; glas; intelligibility; learners; native; non; polish; present; pronunciation; speaker; speech; studies; words cache: cross-562.pdf plain text: cross-562.txt item: #85 of 211 id: cross-563 author: Orzechowska, Anna title: “I am a teacher cleaving a track through the undergrowth of method. I am a bird”: Teaching as a site of female subversion in Sylvia Ashton-Warner’s Spinster date: 2019-09-30 words: 6701 flesch: 56 summary: Tamboukou also signals the uneasy place of female teachers within “a wider network of power relations within schools” (2000: 470). While teaching her pupils to read and write, she “found that if a personal set of words was chosen collaboratively by teacher and child, one word at a time, these un-illustrated words that name the pictures in the child’s heart would be learned easily and stay learned” (Gurewitz 2016: 780). keywords: anna; ashton; english; heroine; journal; kristeva; pupils; self; semiotic; teacher; teaching; warner cache: cross-563.pdf plain text: cross-563.txt item: #86 of 211 id: cross-564 author: Crabtree, Emma title: An exploration of the lineage of female utopian literature date: 2019-09-30 words: 6105 flesch: 60 summary: “Utopias and science fiction by women – women’s ‘literature’s of estrangement’ – constitute a continuous literary tradition in the west from the seventeenth century until the present day” 1 Address for correspondence: Francis Bacon’s utopia New Atlantis (1627) can partially be seen as a foundation which Cavendish aims to write against by pushing women and female perspectives into these male spheres. keywords: carter; cavendish; female; feminist; genre; gilman; society; utopia; women; world cache: cross-564.pdf plain text: cross-564.txt item: #87 of 211 id: cross-565 author: Kucała, Bożena title: Aporia, vortex and the hermeneutic circle in A.S. Byatt’s The Biographer’s Tale date: 2019-06-30 words: 8130 flesch: 55 summary: The room of the Scandinavian scholar he consults, who obsessively researches that dangerous place in the North Sea – and who supplies the relevant copy of the newspaper – serves as a conclusive warning of some of the perils of academic life: “… there he was, in a dusty attic, behind a dusty table loaded with precarious heaps of leather volumes and yellow- ing papers, and crumbs. Phineas comes to realise that the practice of relentless dissection of imagined bodies and literary texts entraps aspiring scholars like him in a narrow, solipsistic and self-referential world. keywords: academic; biographer; byatt; destry; english; life; literary; novel; phineas; protagonist; scholes; self; studies; tale; texts; theory cache: cross-565.pdf plain text: cross-565.txt item: #88 of 211 id: cross-566 author: Dalamu, Taofeek O. title: Language choice as discourse: A transitivity approach to MTN® and ETISALAT® advertising communicative webs in Nigeria date: 2019-06-30 words: 9114 flesch: 54 summary: Figure 7, as indicated below, juxtaposes the frequencies of the MTN and Etisalat ads’ textual choices comput- ed in both Tables 1 and 2. MTN Etisalat Material 6 14 Mental 2 3 Relational 4 5 Behavioral 1 0 Verbal 0 0 Existential 0 0 Processes Frequency -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 2 4 6 8 Fr eq ue nc y Processes Figure 7. In addition to that, the study has demonstrated to readers the suitability of SFL as a virile and interpretative tool for advertising discourse choices. keywords: ads; advertising; analysis; choice; clauses; crossroads; discourse; english; etisalat; figure; journal; language; london; material; mtn; new; processes; studies; textual cache: cross-566.pdf plain text: cross-566.txt item: #89 of 211 id: cross-567 author: Lisiecka, Anna title: Comparing multimodal film texts. The case of the movie Fame (1980) and its remake Fame (2009) date: 2019-06-30 words: 5759 flesch: 63 summary: As usual, it is for the reader of the present paper to decide whether the proposed model of film text comparative analysis is likely to possess the required adequacy. In the following section, 2, we discuss the foun- dations of film text analysis. keywords: analysis; bruno; fame; film; multimodal; music; narrative; step; texts; theme cache: cross-567.pdf plain text: cross-567.txt item: #90 of 211 id: cross-568 author: Krajka, Jarosław title: Teacher language awareness and world Englishes – where (corpus) linguistics, digital literacy and teacher training meet date: 2019-06-30 words: 8809 flesch: 51 summary: Doing individual research, finding and evaluating data sources, investigating legislation and school prac- tice, examining discussion forums or social media grouping English language teachers from a particular country, seeking access to scientific articles on the topic, all enable teacher trainees to become independent researchers gaining awareness of the role societal and political factors play in the way a particular foreign language is taught and learnt, what status the language teacher can have, what aims can be realistically set for students to achieve. Towards target language awareness of English language teachers – three stories of teacher education projects. keywords: awareness; corpus; crossroads; english; englishes; journal; language; learning; skills; students; studies; teacher; teaching; training; use; world cache: cross-568.pdf plain text: cross-568.txt item: #91 of 211 id: cross-569 author: Martynuska, Małgorzata title: The nostalgic landscape of Miami in Susanna Daniel’s Stiltsville date: 2019-06-30 words: 8618 flesch: 64 summary: The setting of the novel is the actual community named in the title of the book and it refers to a group of houses built on pilings about a mile offshore in Biscayne Bay. The setting is the actual community named in the title of the book and it refers to a group of houses built on pilings about a mile offshore in Biscayne Bay in Florida. keywords: city; cityscape; dennis; environment; family; florida; frances; house; hurricane; miami; nostalgia; novel; past; place; stiltsville; studies; time cache: cross-569.pdf plain text: cross-569.txt item: #92 of 211 id: cross-570 author: Palla, Marti title: Preschool children’s sensitivity to the generic and non-generic distinctions date: 2019-03-30 words: 5476 flesch: 63 summary: Young children, however, are reported to have far less instances of assigning non-generic properties to generic categories, likely assuming them to be individuals rather than representations of entire kinds. Non-generic statements also utilize plurals (e.g. More lap- tops are sold online than in-store/The poor women searched for jobs) and singulars (e.g. A chair was brought in by the workers/ keywords: children; group; non; olds; picture; properties; questions; study; year cache: cross-570.pdf plain text: cross-570.txt item: #93 of 211 id: cross-571 author: Awramiuk, Elżbieta; Karczewski, Daniel title: Between Linguistics, Language Education and Acquisition Research. Introduction to the Special Issue Linguistics for Language Teaching and Learning date: 2019-03-30 words: 2966 flesch: 50 summary: This con- nection is not merely about a transmission of linguistic knowledge to the context of school educa- tion – what really matters is a deep insight into the goals and methods of language teaching and learning. However, there are certain problems of language teaching and learning that are universal and apply to the majority of languages taught. keywords: educational; grammar; language; learning; research; studies; teaching cache: cross-571.pdf plain text: cross-571.txt item: #94 of 211 id: cross-572 author: Costa, Ana Luísa title: A contribution to the implicit/explicit debate on grammar learning: the case of contrast connectors date: 2019-03-30 words: 7852 flesch: 53 summary: In the previous section, a relationship between what is known about language acquisition and development and explicit grammar knowledge was made. Through instructional language learning sequences (grammar learning sequences, but also writing sequences), the natural capacity to use language to explain language is the starting point to build explicit grammar knowledge (see Camps & Zayas 2006). keywords: 2010; acquisition; children; connectives; contrast; costa; development; grammar; knowledge; language; learning; linguistic; school; students; teaching; use cache: cross-572.pdf plain text: cross-572.txt item: #95 of 211 id: cross-573 author: Fontich, Xavier title: Should we teach first language grammar in compulsory schooling at all? Some reflections from the Spanish perspective date: 2019-03-30 words: 8626 flesch: 60 summary: Should we teach first language grammar in compulsory schooling at all? Keywords: school, language use, grammar, reflection, metalinguistic activity, instructional sequence. keywords: activity; camps; education; fontich; grammar; knowledge; language; learning; linguistic; reflection; research; school; students; teaching; use; writing cache: cross-573.pdf plain text: cross-573.txt item: #96 of 211 id: cross-574 author: Kopčíková, Marta title: Metacognition as a superordinate concept of metalinguistics: The role in developing reading skills in a foreign language date: 2019-03-30 words: 7287 flesch: 50 summary: Indeed, it is believed that many learning problems that students exhibit are related to the inability to use metacognitive reading strategies appropriately. Promoting metacognitive reading strategies in the classroom Metacognition and metalinguistics, understood as prerequisites for developed reading skills, are believed to support reading by helping learners to take control of their own process of learning to read. keywords: ability; awareness; children; comprehension; knowledge; language; learning; metacognition; reading; self; strategies; use cache: cross-574.pdf plain text: cross-574.txt item: #97 of 211 id: cross-575 author: da Silva, Cristina Vieira; Pereira, Íris Susana Pires; Sebastião, Isabel title: Portuguese teachers’ perceptions of grammar teaching date: 2019-03-30 words: 6804 flesch: 49 summary: Our assumption is that the PCK lying at the core of grammar teaching comprises: (i) awareness of the goals of teaching grammar; (ii) knowledge about the concepts, preconceptions, and difficul- ties students show in learning grammar; (iii) familiarity with contents as specified in the official curriculum; (iv) knowledge of teaching strategies that can adequately reconcile students’ specific learning needs with curriculum contents and learning goals. Portuguese teachers’ perceptions of grammar teaching 65 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... keywords: difficulties; education; grammar; grammar teaching; knowledge; language; learning; portuguese; school; students; teachers; teaching cache: cross-575.pdf plain text: cross-575.txt item: #98 of 211 id: cross-576 author: Liptáková, Ľudmila title: What Developmental Linguistics Can Offer L1 Education. An Example of the Relation between Implicit and Explicit Word-formation Knowledge in Slovak Speaking Children date: 2019-03-30 words: 6515 flesch: 45 summary: The examples of research on child language in Slovak speaking children are used to clarify the possibilities of transforming the findings in developmental linguistics into the curricu- lum of language learning/teaching. The research on child language has been carried out since the second half of the 19th century. keywords: children; developmental; education; formation; knowledge; language; learning; nonce; research; school; slovak; word cache: cross-576.pdf plain text: cross-576.txt item: #99 of 211 id: cross-577 author: Ziomek, Ewa title: Hannibal Revived: an Aestheticized Portrayal of Hannibal Lecter in NBC’s TV Series Hannibal date: 2018-12-30 words: 6011 flesch: 65 summary: Hannibal Revived The portrayal of Dr. Hannibal Lecter depicted by Bryan Fuller is even more mysterious than the character presented in the novels and films. Hannibal Revived: an Aestheticized Portrayal of Hannibal Lecter in NBC’s TV Series Hannibal 46 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... keywords: aestheticization; art; audience; character; food; hannibal; lecter; season; series; viewers cache: cross-577.pdf plain text: cross-577.txt item: #100 of 211 id: cross-578 author: Chmielewska, Anita title: The Talmudic Tradition in Contemporary British-Jewish Fiction: Silence versus Talking date: 2018-12-30 words: 5068 flesch: 66 summary: The basic premise of Judaism, which is the disputative manner of finding answers to substantial questions concerning lifestyle and religion has somehow evaporated both from Jewish families and synagogue communities. This practice of intergenerational discussion, as Alderman’s and Harris’s novels argue, is something that Jewish orthodox communities should turn back to as it may help to develop solutions to major doubts about the orthodox ways of living that the new gen- eration is presently facing. keywords: adam; alderman; community; family; jewish; ronit; silence; talmud cache: cross-578.pdf plain text: cross-578.txt item: #101 of 211 id: cross-579 author: Paciorkowski, Tomasz title: An Overlooked Colonial English of Europe: the Case of Gibraltar date: 2018-12-30 words: 5992 flesch: 57 summary: The aim of Kellermann’s thesis was to examine language attitudes, language use, and language form in contemporary Gibraltar. An Overlooked Colonial English of Europe: the Case of Gibraltar 59 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. keywords: british; code; english; gibraltar; gibraltarian; identity; kramer; language; research; spanish; switching; work cache: cross-579.pdf plain text: cross-579.txt item: #102 of 211 id: cross-580 author: Akinlotan, Mayowa title: Yoruba-Irish Literature: Intersection in the Language of Supernatural in Yeats and Soyinka date: 2018-12-30 words: 8260 flesch: 70 summary: At the center of the two plays are affinity between life and death, body and soul, mortality and immortality of body and soul, human sacrifice, death as a cultural and/or religious duty, the in- terlink of human world with the supernatural world, the belief in supremacy of the supernatural world, among many other themes. In other words, Cathleen’s material resource has been a barrier to Merchants’ ability to win more souls to their own camp. keywords: belief; cathleen; death; elesin; irish; king; soul; soyinka; works; world; yeats; yoruba cache: cross-580.pdf plain text: cross-580.txt item: #103 of 211 id: cross-581 author: Shah, Zeynep Harputlu title: Rivalry in Literary Biography: Boswell’s Life of Johnson and Holmes’ Dr Johnson and Mr Savage date: 2018-12-30 words: 6545 flesch: 59 summary: Taking Samuel Johnson’s life and outlook on literary biography as a starting point, the article examines two influential works that are separated by a significant amount of time, Life of Johnson (1791) by James Boswell and Dr Johnson and Mr Savage (1993, 2005) by Richard Hol- mes, suggesting that in both there is a strong sense of rivalry with their subject and an anxiety about the influence of their predecessors. 1 Major biographies of Johnson published in the eighteenth century include Hester Lynch Thrale’s Anectodes of the Late S.J., During the Last Twenty Years of his Life (1786), Sir John Hawkins’ The Life of Samuel Johnson (1787) and James Boswell’s Life of Johnson (1791). keywords: biographers; biography; boswell; holmes; influence; johnson; life; samuel; savage; subject cache: cross-581.pdf plain text: cross-581.txt item: #104 of 211 id: cross-582 author: Ananda, M.G. Lalith title: Information Structure Projects in Syntax: Evidence from Focus and Modality in Sinhala date: 2018-06-30 words: 5601 flesch: 56 summary: The major claim of this paper is that information structure related particles of Sinhala are distinct func- tional heads and they project in syntax. For example, the presence of such a mood/modal/ interrogative or information focus particle in the clause is shown in the verbal morphology in the form of an –e suffix, in the present and past tenses. keywords: clause; cut; focus; gaha; information; nimal; particles; sinhala; structure; syntax; tree cache: cross-582.pdf plain text: cross-582.txt item: #105 of 211 id: cross-583 author: Karimov, Raoul title: Combined Machine-Learning Approach to PoS-Tagging of Middle English Corpora date: 2018-06-30 words: 3855 flesch: 51 summary: Using a moving-average method to generate multidimensional vectors giving a reliable numeric representation of character composition and sequences, we have achieved a precision and recall of 87.5% in classifying Middle English words by their part of speech while using a simplistic combined voting-based binary classifier. This paper considers the problem of part-of-speech tagging in Middle English corpora (as well as historical corpora in general). keywords: algorithms; english; learning; machine; middle; vector; verb; word cache: cross-583.pdf plain text: cross-583.txt item: #106 of 211 id: cross-584 author: Olajimbiti, Ezekiel Opeyemi title: Discourse Pattern, Contexts and Pragmatic Strategies of Selected Fraud Spam date: 2018-06-30 words: 4574 flesch: 52 summary: Introduction The ubiquitous nature of email fraud, the unwanted emails containing the strategic use of lan- guage with the intention to swindle money from the recipients, is a continuous social concern worthy of scholarly investigation. The present study, therefore, complements these studies by its adoption of a discourse- pragmatic approach to email fraud (cyber fraud) in linguistic scholarship in Nigeria. keywords: business; context; discourse; email; example; fraud; fraudsters; language; recipients; strategies; study cache: cross-584.pdf plain text: cross-584.txt item: #107 of 211 id: cross-585 author: Hejwowski, Krzysztof title: Applied Linguistics and Translation Studies date: 2018-06-30 words: 2729 flesch: 50 summary: Translation is mentioned as a “sub-field of study”: Applied linguistics generally incorporates or includes several further identifiable sub-fields of study: second language acquisition, forensic linguistics, language testing, corpus linguistics, lexicography and dictionary making, language translation, and second language writing research. Two things deserve our attention: first, placing translation somewhere between language test- ing and second language writing, and the very phrase “language translation”, which reveals lack of knowledge about the issue. keywords: dictionary; discipline; language; linguistics; oxford; studies; study; translation cache: cross-585.pdf plain text: cross-585.txt item: #108 of 211 id: cross-586 author: Dziedziul, Paweł title: Contronymy and Semantic Primes date: 2018-06-30 words: 7296 flesch: 57 summary: The idea of such stark sense opposition at first may seem difficult to capture from a strict theoretical perspective. Contronymy and Semantic Primes 26 ARTICLES ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ PAWEŁ DZIEDZIUL University of Białystok Contronymy and Semantic Primes Abstract: Contronymy, that is sense opposition invoked by one word, can pose a serious conundrum from a theoreti- cal standpoint. keywords: contronymy; example; language; meaning; metalanguage; nsm; opposite; opposition; phenomenon; semantic; sense; theory cache: cross-586.pdf plain text: cross-586.txt item: #109 of 211 id: cross-587 author: Kharmandar, Mohammad Ali title: The Intersections of Translational Hermeneutics and Narrative Hermeneutics: The Foundational Considerations date: 2018-03-30 words: 8407 flesch: 40 summary: In narrative theory, the concept of worldmaking clarifies the way narratives configure a sphere within which words and other elements are interpreted: Such worldmaking practices are of central importance to narrative scholars of all sorts, from feminist narratologists exploring how representations of male and female characters pertain to dominant cultural stereotypes about gender roles, to rhetorical theorists examining what kinds of assumptions, beliefs, and attitudes have to be adopted by readers if they are to participate in the multiple audience positions required to engage fully with fictional worlds, to analysts (and designers) of digital narratives interested in how interactive systems can remediate the experience of being immersed in the virtual worlds created through everyday narrative practices (Herman 2009: 106). Emmott and Alexander (2009), for instance, have investigated schemata in the context of narrative theory. keywords: english; hermeneutics; interpretation; journal; lingual; narrative; principles; process; ricoeur; studies; text; theory; translation; understanding cache: cross-587.pdf plain text: cross-587.txt item: #110 of 211 id: cross-588 author: Kharmandar, Mohammad Ali title: A Hermeneutic Critique on George Steiner’s Hermeneutic Motion in Translation date: 2018-03-30 words: 7971 flesch: 43 summary: Many TS readers might assume that the hermeneutic motion remains an inevitable and acknowledged asset in the reservoir of hermeneutic translation theories. Steiner, apparently to justify his theory in the next chapter, mentions a gap in translation theory and its marginality in literature (AB: 284). keywords: chapter; english; hermeneutics; language; motion; ricoeur; steiner; studies; text; theory; translation; understanding cache: cross-588.pdf plain text: cross-588.txt item: #111 of 211 id: cross-589 author: Stolze, Radegundis; Cercel, Larisa title: “What we need is a common language, even more than having the same methods of research.” An Interview with Radegundis Stolze on Translational Hermeneutics and its Place and Role within Translation Studies date: 2018-03-30 words: 3776 flesch: 53 summary: As you said, the core of my academic work dealing with the phenomenon of translation has been on “hermeneutical translation”, because I realized that translating is a task to be performed by living people, and not an automatic process. There are many translation competence models in Translation Studies (e.g. by Gyde Hansen, Susanne Göpferich, Hanna Risku, PACTE). keywords: approach; hermeneutics; language; research; studies; translation cache: cross-589.pdf plain text: cross-589.txt item: #112 of 211 id: cross-590 author: Chouarfia, Fatima Zohra title: Understanding, Interpretation and Engagement in Translation of Political Discourse date: 2018-03-30 words: 7630 flesch: 60 summary: This paper tries to explore how decisions are made in translation and what might influence translators’ and/or interpreters’ choices in political translation by analyzing some samples representing the main characteristics of political discourse. Translation represents a unique case of intertextuality where three sets of intertextual relations exist: 1) the relations between the foreign text and the other texts, whether in the SL or the TL; 2) the relations between the foreign text and translation traditionally based on equivalence; 3) the relations between translation and other texts, whether in the SL or the TL (Venuti 2006). keywords: arabic; int; language; meaning; metaphor; obama; repetition; text; translation; words cache: cross-590.pdf plain text: cross-590.txt item: #113 of 211 id: cross-591 author: Stolze, Radegundis; Piecychna, Beata title: Editorial date: 2018-03-30 words: 1118 flesch: 30 summary: By presenting alternative ways of defining the act of translation, translational hermeneutics – whose theoretical foundations were established by Friedrich Schleiermacher, Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer – concentrates on the central figure of the mediating process of translat- ing, namely, the translator. Thus, with this issue of the journal, we hope to bring translational hermeneutics closer to those scholars from Central and Eastern Europe who are particularly interested in the interdisciplinarity of translation, with particular focus on its close relationship with philosophy. keywords: hermeneutics; studies; translation cache: cross-591.pdf plain text: cross-591.txt item: #114 of 211 id: cross-592 author: Piecychna, Beata title: Philosophy and Practice in Translational Hermeneutics edited by J. Stanley, B. O’Keeffe, R. Stolze, L. Cercel Bucharest: Zeta Books, 2018, pp. 398 date: 2018-03-30 words: 5314 flesch: 35 summary: Here there is a certain specificity, to be sure (and we can call that specificity ‘philosophy,’ quite simply), but if interpretation, and translation, are ultimately practical undertakings, do the abstractions and conceptual frameworks of philosophical hermeneutics hamper or assist in gaining a better understanding of such practices? A Journal of English Studies ship between philosophy and translation, with a special emphasis on how translation might relate to hermeneutics, and to what extent issues explored by hermeneutists might be exploited in the area of Translation Studies. keywords: approach; author; hermeneutics; philosophy; process; studies; translation; translation studies; understanding cache: cross-592.pdf plain text: cross-592.txt item: #115 of 211 id: cross-593 author: Stolze, Radegundis title: Phenomenology and Rhetoric in Hermeneutic Translation date: 2018-03-30 words: 9233 flesch: 54 summary: Hermeneutic translation competence includes various as- pects (Stolze 2015: 341): • Communicative competence (understands and writes texts in their own and the foreign language) • Intercultural competence (understands strange cultures and sees differences to their own one) • Linguistic awareness (knowing the grammar and structural rules of a language and apply- ing them) • Textual competence (knowledge of text type conventions in the source and target texts) • Terminological competence (applies relevant pre-knowledge in the respective specialist do- main with terminology) 50 CROSSROADS. A Journal of English Studies Translator’s reading Literature Specialist communication U n d er st an d in g Situational background Country, epoch, editor, author, cultural community, realia, geographical names Area of sciences or humanities with state of development, time, author, medium of publication Discourse field Social setting in culture, author’s ideology, world view in text, genre, kind of text presentation Domain with special discipline, text type, level of communication (expert/lay), text function Meaning dimension Titles, key words, isotopic web, cultural associations, metaphors, thematic strings Terminological conceptualization (definition/ deduction vs. convention/ interpretation), metaphors Predicative mode Speaker’s perspective, idiolect, sentence subjects, deixis, focusing, verbal tense, irony, quotations, intertextuality, register Speech acts, phrase construction, passive form, standard text blocks, anonymous voice, directives, cohesion markers, formulae, footnotes Once we have understood the text in a general way, when we know what it is saying to us, then we may write down a draft translation. keywords: competence; crossroads; culture; english; florida; german; hermeneutics; individual; journal; knowledge; language; meaning; message; new; state; stolze; studies; text; translation; translators; understanding; wasser; water; word; work cache: cross-593.pdf plain text: cross-593.txt item: #116 of 211 id: cross-594 author: Robinson, Douglas title: Reading Translational Semiotics Hermeneutically: Juri Lotman’s Культура и взрыв and Wilma Clark’s Culture and Explosion Imagined Icotically as a Single Translingual Text date: 2018-03-30 words: 11546 flesch: 55 summary: The subtle sidelining of the Peircean “phaneroscopic” (phenomenological) impulse in the post-Peircean Eastern European semiotic tradition from Ro- man Jakobson to Juri Lotman tends to mean that, even when he invokes Ilya Prigogine’s (1973; see Robinson unpub-b for discussion) dissipative systems to challenge the transcendentalization of stable structure, Lotman tends to see structures shifting rather than human beings experiencing semiosis as kinesthetic clashes and tensions. This article both argues for a stereoscopic read- ing of Lotman’s Культура и взрыв (‘Kul’tura i zryv’) and Wilma Clark’s English translation Culture and Explosion, as a second-best application of the two-language principle to Lotman’s cultural semeiotic, and illustrates some of the consequences for the semiotic study of such a reading. keywords: abstract; clark; crossroads; culture; douglas; english; explosion; fact; journal; language; lotman; new; non; robinson; russian; salon; semiosis; semiosphere; studies; text; theory; translation; way; world; как cache: cross-594.pdf plain text: cross-594.txt item: #117 of 211 id: cross-595 author: Olofinsao, Abiodun Minister title: Intertextuality and African Writers date: 2017-12-30 words: 5015 flesch: 60 summary: It depends on the so- cio-political realities of its enabling milieu and the precursor texts (oral/written) for its impetus… African writers also depend on earlier texts for their themes and styles. Among African writers, except a newly produced literary work asserts its own generally ac- claimed uniqueness, there is uniform acknowledgment that most literary texts, if not all, take a clue from pre-existing works,. keywords: african; fear; forest; fágúnwà; influence; intertextuality; literature; originality; works; writers cache: cross-595.pdf plain text: cross-595.txt item: #118 of 211 id: cross-596 author: Wawrzyniuk, Justyna title: Assimilation of English borrowings in Japanese date: 2017-12-30 words: 4327 flesch: 65 summary: It can be attrib- uted to the fact that when native Japanese words are transcribed into hiragana, another writing system, long /o/ is marked by adding u to the spelling, and long /e/ is marked by adding the letter i. For example, the post on a social media platform Twitter is called a tweet, which entered Japanese language as tsuitto. keywords: ameblo; assimilation; borrowings; corpus; english; fuji; japanese; language; loanwords; semantic; source; twitter; umj; word cache: cross-596.pdf plain text: cross-596.txt item: #119 of 211 id: cross-597 author: Kadhim, Kais Amir; Rashid, Ameer K. title: The Effect of Structural Changes on Ideological Meaning in the Translation of English News into Arabic: With Reference to BBC News Discourse date: 2017-12-30 words: 7248 flesch: 60 summary: the field of the fugitive al Qaeda leader’s ST Bin Laden call falls on deaf ears… US intelligence believes the Audio tape aired by an Arab TV channel is genuine making it the fugitive al-Qaeda leader’s first message since January. The phrase the fugitive al Qaeda leader is used to describe Bin Laden as a leader of an organization with the enemy is in hot pursuit. keywords: arabic; bin; field; laden; leader; mode; tenor; translation cache: cross-597.pdf plain text: cross-597.txt item: #120 of 211 id: cross-598 author: Piecychna, Beata title: On the Hermeneutic Ontology of Language in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and its Latest Polish Retranslation date: 2017-09-30 words: 9493 flesch: 59 summary: As Sutherland (1970: 28) rightly observes: Language thus became a vehicle for play in a more comprehensive sense than the merely manipulatory. Questions into the nature of meaning, into the character and functions of names, and into the formal structures of language which aid or thwart attempts at communication are exploited for humorous effect simply because they are capable of being so exploited, and because Carroll saw them as such. Language cannot exist without the world, and the world cannot exist without language, according to Gadamer. keywords: adventures; alice; carroll; english; gadamer; language; linguistic; said; source; style; target; text; translation; wasowski; wonderland; words; world cache: cross-598.pdf plain text: cross-598.txt item: #121 of 211 id: cross-599 author: Łaszkiewicz, Weronika; Borowska-Szerszun, Sylwia; Leś, Mariusz M. title: Editorial date: 2017-09-30 words: 1085 flesch: 43 summary: Mariusz M. Leś, in “Top Seven Polish Science Fiction Novels of the Communist Era (Lem aside)”, presents his selection of Polish science fiction novels written between 1949 and 1989, i.e. the period of the Soviet communist regime. This is certainly true as far as Polish science fiction and fantasy literature are concerned, since their present condi- tion—though, undoubtedly, determined also by the achievements of foreign writers (but to what extent?)—has been affected by the nation’s difficult yet rich past, which has in turn been reflected in the writers’ attempts at re-creating the country’s history, in the multiple references to its socio- political reality, and in the return to Slavic mythology and traditions. keywords: fantasy; fiction; polish cache: cross-599.pdf plain text: cross-599.txt item: #122 of 211 id: cross-600 author: Drab, Ewa title: Time and History at the Crossroads of Polish Imaginary Genres. Krzysztof Piskorski’s Czterdzieści i cztery and Andrzej Pilipiuk’s Operacja Dzień Wskrzeszenia date: 2017-09-30 words: 6685 flesch: 55 summary: In science fiction, the determinant factor is time in time travel, as well as the historical perspective of the idea of progress. Steampunk draws from history, or from 19th century history to be more precise, to tackle the topics of change and revolution, whereas science fiction is a means of interrogating progress and technological develop- ment, including time travel and its ensuing paradoxes. keywords: author; eliza; fiction; genre; history; past; pilipiuk; piskorski; polish; science; science fiction; steampunk; time; time travel cache: cross-600.pdf plain text: cross-600.txt item: #123 of 211 id: cross-601 author: Dzięcioł-Pędich, Agnieszka; Pędich, Marcin title: Constructions of the Other in Polish Fantasy Literature date: 2017-09-30 words: 7085 flesch: 69 summary: Part of the humour of one of his early adventures – “Sekrety Tajemnego Bractwa”5 (Piekara 2008: 27-102) – is that his ineptitude and ignorance of protocol are taken by other wizards as a sign of power. Un- like other wizards, Arivald (Piekara 1994, 2008) is a late-comer to the profession, with less magical prowess than them, but incredible physical strength, a different outlook, and an unusually friendly relation to the broader society. keywords: arivald; fantasy; grzędowicz; kamyk; life; otherness; piekara; polish; sapkowski; society; stories; story; takeshi; vuko cache: cross-601.pdf plain text: cross-601.txt item: #124 of 211 id: cross-602 author: Leś, Mariusz M. title: Top Seven Polish Science Fiction Novels of the Communist Era (Lem aside) date: 2017-09-30 words: 2727 flesch: 64 summary: Key words: science fiction, novel, Polish, communist era. Is there still a need for writing about Stanisław Lem’s influence on Polish science fiction after World War II? With the exception of Lem’s works, Polish science fiction of the communist era is largely forgotten. keywords: fiction; genre; lem; novel; polish; read; science cache: cross-602.pdf plain text: cross-602.txt item: #125 of 211 id: cross-603 author: Moroz, Grzegorz title: Brave New World, Intertextuality and Mieczysław Smolarski date: 2017-09-30 words: 5233 flesch: 63 summary: I am deeply convinced that even if Aldous Huxley had learnt Polish and read Smolarski novels, or even if he had employed ‘scouts’ to ‘scavenge’ through Slavonic literature in search of great ideas to steal (these two options are suggested by Smolarski in the closing paragraph of his “Letter to Aldous Huxley”), Brave New World would not be altered in any significant way. In 1948, Polish science-fiction writer Mieczysław Smolarski wrote an open letter to Aldous Huxley in which he accused Huxley of plagiarising, in his famous novel Brave New World (1932), two novels which Smolarski himself had written in the 1920s: keywords: aldous; fiction; huxley; john; light; new; novel; polish; smolarski; state; world cache: cross-603.pdf plain text: cross-603.txt item: #126 of 211 id: cross-604 author: Łaszkiewicz, Weronika title: Fairytale Fantasy, Secondary History, and Female Empowerment: Discovering the Many Dimensions of Anna Brzezińska’s Wody głębokie jak niebo date: 2017-09-30 words: 6514 flesch: 64 summary: Fairytale Fantasy, Secondary History, and Female Empowerment: Discovering the Many Dimensions of Anna Brzezińska’s Wody głębokie jak niebo 61 ArTICles Weronika Łaszkiewicz University of Białystok Fairytale Fantasy, Secondary History, and Female Empowerment: Discovering the Many Dimensions of Anna Brzezińska’s Wody głębokie jak niebo Abstract. The aim of the following paper is to examine Anna Brzezińska’s Wody głębokie jak niebo—a collection of short stories set in a fantastic world resembling Renaissance Italy. keywords: arachne; brzezińska; fantasy; głębokie; mage; magic; sirocco; stories; story; wody; world cache: cross-604.pdf plain text: cross-604.txt item: #127 of 211 id: cross-605 author: Zhang, Shuai; Luo, Shaoqian title: A study on conceptual transfer in the use of prepositions in English writing by Chinese secondary school students date: 2017-06-30 words: 6102 flesch: 49 summary: A study on conceptual transfer in the use of prepositions in English writing by Chinese secondary school students 62 crossroADs. This study addresses the issue of conceptual transfer in Chinese EFL learners’ use of prepositions under the guidance of Image Schema Theory, aiming to explore the cognitive underpinnings of conceptual transfer. keywords: chinese; concepts; english; image; language; prepositions; schema; studies; transfer; use cache: cross-605.pdf plain text: cross-605.txt item: #128 of 211 id: cross-606 author: Zawisławska, Magdalena; Falkowska, Marta title: Typology of metaphors with the gustatory target domain in Polish wine discourse date: 2017-06-30 words: 5208 flesch: 71 summary: 1. the dominant taste of wine (sweet, acid, bitter), 2. intensity of wine taste, 3. detectability of alcohol in wine, 4. water and alcohol/extract balance in wine, 5. balance of tastes in wine, 6. durability of aftertaste. The metaphor, based on the schema wine is a physical object, brings out the three-dimensionality of wine taste and its almond aroma. keywords: alcohol; blogs; crossroads; discourse; english; frame; jest; journal; metaphors; polish; studies; taste; tasting; wine; winespeak; wino; wino jest cache: cross-606.pdf plain text: cross-606.txt item: #129 of 211 id: cross-607 author: Karczewski, Daniel; Marhula, Joanna; Rybarczyk, Magdalena title: Editorial date: 2017-06-30 words: 995 flesch: 52 summary: A Journal of english studies Editorial This special issue brings together articles based on a selection of papers we received in response to a call for papers for a themed issue dedicated to Cognitive Linguistics (henceforth CL). A Journal of english studies to achieve its persuasive goals – is necessary to develop a well-organized and congruent emergent structure. keywords: data; linguistics; volume cache: cross-607.pdf plain text: cross-607.txt item: #130 of 211 id: cross-609 author: Polak, Justyna title: The role of emergent structure in Conceptual Blending Theory – case studies of children in advertisements date: 2017-06-30 words: 7270 flesch: 53 summary: Emergent structure is treated as a result of the creative online processing of projections of elements from input mental spaces onto a newly established space, the blend. In other words, via compression, the blend not only gains a new unique structure obtained by compressing elements and relations from input mental spaces, but also becomes more immediate to human attention. keywords: blend; child; elements; emergent; input; spaces; structure; turner cache: cross-609.pdf plain text: cross-609.txt item: #131 of 211 id: cross-610 author: Waśniewska, Małgorzata title: The socio-parasite and bio-parasite metaphorical concepts in racist discourse date: 2017-06-30 words: 8168 flesch: 56 summary: These are just some examples that illustrate the implications of such a concep- tualisation of the enemy; still, it is plain to see that the people are parasites metaphor can be directly linked to genocide, and “those who use parasite metaphors to stigmatise others risk being accused of articulating a Nazi-like world view” (Musolff 2016: 73). The main aim of the paper is to identify and evaluate the people are parasites metaphor employed while referring to racial outgroups, and to review its different forms of usage on the white-supremacist Internet forum  Stormfront.org according to the bio -parasite / socio-parasite categorisation framework proposed by Musolff (2016). keywords: bio; body; english; host; jews; journal; metaphor; musolff; parasite; parasites metaphor; people; race; socio; stormfront.org; white cache: cross-610.pdf plain text: cross-610.txt item: #132 of 211 id: cross-611 author: Piórkowska, Agnieszka title: Subjectification and intersubjectification in the analysis of the Polish adverb niestety ‘unfortunately/ regrettably’ date: 2017-06-30 words: 8075 flesch: 54 summary: A Journal of english studies The analysis of the corpus also revealed two uses of niestety with the inanimate mover subject, the mover understood as “an entity undergoing a change of location” (Langacker 1991: 285). A Journal of english studies (10) Niestety, wciskając mocniej unfortunately. keywords: adverb; case; corpus; crossroads; english; journal; langacker; niestety; polish; speaker; studies; study; subjectification; subjects; traugott; uses cache: cross-611.pdf plain text: cross-611.txt item: #133 of 211 id: cross-612 author: Szulkowska, Agata title: The problem of racism in Kathryn Stockett’s novel The Help date: 2017-03-30 words: 6978 flesch: 66 summary: However, not only does the novel depict the white employers’ discrimination against black maids, but also it focuses on prejudiced treatment of the Blacks by white Americans of all ages and from all walks of life. The book is written from the perspective of three different women: Eugenia Phelan (best known for her nickname Skeeter) – a white young col- lege graduate who wants to be a journalist and undertakes a monumental task of writing a book about black maids’ struggles from their point of view, Aibileen Clark – a wise black maid who raised seventeen white children, and Minny Jackson – an outspoken black maid who persuades other black maids to help Skeeter to write the book. keywords: african; aibileen; americans; blacks; help; jackson; maids; minny; novel; racism; stockett; white cache: cross-612.pdf plain text: cross-612.txt item: #134 of 211 id: cross-613 author: Daszkiewicz, Michał title: Do English learners from different countries approach (“compose”) topics differently? A study report date: 2017-03-30 words: 7360 flesch: 45 summary: A Journal of english studies which implies that language learners can be expected, for instance, to reflect on preferred ways of memorising vocabulary more than on, say, divisions within particular topics, it was hypothesised that foreign language learners, when learning any given topic, show more attention to lexis and fluency than structure (as defined above) and language correctness (Hy- pothesis 2); • on the basis of Premise 3 that reflection on language-learning practices retains a universal character, meaning that, generally speaking, it does not pertain to separate topics but rather to language as a whole, which means that language learners will have more to say about general behaviours appearing commonsensical to them (e.g. checking words before using them, selec- tion of sources, speaking fast without inhibitions etc.) rather than about topic-oriented ones, it was hypothesised that foreign language learners demonstrate more certainty with regards to universal language behaviours than those pertaining to particular topics (i.e. when surveyed, they would find items of a universal appeal less problematic to decide about than those of a narrower appeal) (Hypothesis 3); • on the basis of Premise 4 that respondents can be expected to be most positive about those lan- guage-learning practices which help them develop lexis or (the rate of) speech “across the lexical board” and most sceptical or hesitant about those behaviours through which they become fa- miliar with the structure or correct use of language elements pertaining to (only) separate topics, it was hypothesised that foreign language learners favour such practices that universally apply to lexis and fluency over those enhancing topical orientation in structure and correctness (i.e. when surveyed, they would evaluate the former more positively that the latter) (Hypothesis 4). Technically speak- ing, as a result of the said two-sidedness within and across topics, language learners develop their own intralanguages. keywords: approach; english; facets; language; learners; learning; lexis; respondents; topics; words cache: cross-613.pdf plain text: cross-613.txt item: #135 of 211 id: cross-614 author: Saeed Almaroof, Rana A. title: The effect of transparency on a three-cycle model of manipulative discourse date: 2017-03-30 words: 5813 flesch: 54 summary: It is assumed that manipulative discourse can carry various types of messages on the continuum of sin- cerity, such as: truth, persuasion (argumentation), deception and manipulation. Generally speaking, manipulative discourse is far away from transparency because it entails the use of implicit strategies and processes to achieve a final goal. keywords: degree; discourse; hearer; manipulation; speaker; testimony; transparency; truth cache: cross-614.pdf plain text: cross-614.txt item: #136 of 211 id: cross-615 author: Sobol, Helena title: Against Old English ‘short’ diphthongs date: 2017-03-30 words: 2946 flesch: 70 summary: Keywords: Old English, short diphthongs, syllable weight, back umlaut, breaking. The present paper refutes the main arguments for a length contrast in OE diphthongs. keywords: diphthongs; english; monomoraic; pde cache: cross-615.pdf plain text: cross-615.txt item: #137 of 211 id: cross-616 author: Łapińska, Magdalena title: Memory-dependent grief in Octavia Butler’s Fledgling date: 2016-12-30 words: 6336 flesch: 73 summary: (I will discuss the notion of delayed grief later on, when Shori’s experience of grief over a lost symbiont is analyzed.) The article deals with the inability to experience grief due to memory loss and the struggles that come with it. keywords: butler; death; grief; ina; loss; mourning; shori cache: cross-616.pdf plain text: cross-616.txt item: #138 of 211 id: cross-617 author: Borowska-Szerszun, Sylwia title: The giants beneath: Cultural memory and literature in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Buried Giant date: 2016-12-30 words: 6169 flesch: 53 summary: A Journal of english studies The concept of memory, both individual and collective, has been examined over the last few decades from a variety of angles, proving that the field of memory studies is open to contributions from many different disciplines. The giants beneath: Cultural memory and literature in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Buried Giant 30 CrossroAds. keywords: fantasy; gawain; giant; ishiguro; literature; memory; novel; past; sir; studies; tolkien cache: cross-617.pdf plain text: cross-617.txt item: #139 of 211 id: cross-618 author: Uchman, Jadwiga title: Voluntary and involuntary memory in Samuel Beckett’s Krapp’s Last Tape date: 2016-12-30 words: 4494 flesch: 79 summary: In a letter to Alan Schneider, his friend who directed Krapp’s Last Tape and many other plays written by him, Beckett wondered what would have happened “if instead of sacrificing the girl in the boat for the opus … magnum he had done the reverse” (Harmon 57). Last Tape (1958), originally entitled Magee Monologue, was written after Samuel Beckett had heard Pat Magee reading fragments of his fiction during a radio broadcast. keywords: beckett; krapp; memory; past; pause; play; samuel; tape cache: cross-618.pdf plain text: cross-618.txt item: #140 of 211 id: cross-619 author: Feldman-Kołodziejuk, Ewelina; Karczewska, Anna Maria title: Editorial date: 2016-12-30 words: 1845 flesch: 59 summary: A Journal of english studies 6 EDITORIAL As has already been observed by our colleagues, Sylwia Borowska-Szerszun and Tomasz Sawczuk, in Volume One of Remembering/Forgetting (Crossroads 14), memory studies have been gaining increased and unwavering attention for the last few decades. Even if Roediger and Wertsch (19) argue that “unless and until proper methods and theories are developed to lead to a coherent field, memory studies as a proper discipline may still be awaiting its birth,” it is impossible to deny their existence as a multi- or interdisciplinary field. keywords: identity; literature; memory; self; studies cache: cross-619.pdf plain text: cross-619.txt item: #141 of 211 id: cross-620 author: Sawczuk, Tomasz title: “I’ve been crawling up so long on your stairway to heaven”: The rise of the female rock memoir date: 2016-12-30 words: 5524 flesch: 64 summary: Keywords: female rock memoir, feminism, life writing, performance, popular culture. The present paper sets out to explore the storytelling and the construction(s) of the literary self in female rock memoirs. keywords: band; brownstein; female; life; memoir; music; rock; self; studies; women; writing cache: cross-620.pdf plain text: cross-620.txt item: #142 of 211 id: cross-621 author: Pawlicki, Marek title: Memory performance in William Golding’s “Envoy Extraordinary” date: 2016-12-30 words: 5811 flesch: 60 summary: This connection is highlighted by Mieke Bal, who observes that narrative memories can be distinguished by the fact that “they are affectively colored, surrounded by an emotional aura that, precisely, makes them memorable” (viii). The article begins with the discus- sion of recollective memory, concentrating on the notion of “memory performance.” keywords: emotions; emperor; english; golding; memories; memory; narrative; past; performance; recollection cache: cross-621.pdf plain text: cross-621.txt item: #143 of 211 id: cross-622 author: Lorek-Jezińska, Edyta title: Testimonies of absence: Trauma and forgetting in The Buried Giant by Kazuo Ishiguro date: 2016-12-30 words: 5082 flesch: 61 summary: My objective is to examine the story of The Buried Giant as an instance of trauma narrative starting with an absence and a melancholic text revealing the complexity of the mourning process. My objective is to examine the story of The Buried Giant as an instance of trauma narrative, starting with an absence and a post-apocalyptic text that positions the characters and the reader in the context of catastrophic survival and traumatic loss of memory. keywords: giant; ishiguro; memory; narrative; novel; past; post; trauma cache: cross-622.pdf plain text: cross-622.txt item: #144 of 211 id: cross-623 author: Dziok-Łazarecka, Anna title: “I must fight, always, against forgetting” : A journey through memory and grief in Helen Macdonald’s relational autobiography H is for Hawk date: 2016-12-30 words: 10144 flesch: 58 summary: One of the problems posed at the time is again the genuineness of life narratives. “Life narrative” is narrower in that it includes self-referential or self-reflecting techniques which evoke past events but endow them with pres- ent meanings, shaping present identity. keywords: author; autobiography; hawk; helen; human; life; macdonald; memory; narrative; narrator; nature; personal; self; time; white; world; writing cache: cross-623.pdf plain text: cross-623.txt item: #145 of 211 id: cross-624 author: Borowska-Szerszun, Sylwia; Sawczuk, Tomasz title: Editorial date: 2016-09-30 words: 1834 flesch: 44 summary: Evolving a long way from the ancient understanding of the term as “a repository of sensible and mental impressions … complemented by recollection – the process of recovering the content of past thoughts and perceptions” (Nikulin) through the Romantic thought as being constitutive for the contemporary perspectives on consciousness, the self and the discussed concept (Kilbourn, Ty, 5), memory studies have reached a stage whose focus “rests, precisely, not on the ‘past as it re- ally was,’ but on the ‘past as a human construct’” (Erll, 5). Never before have memory studies been more of a collective and transnational effort resulting in the burgeoning number of study centers, journals, book series, and degree programs, all of which engage scholarly perspectives from all around the world (Erll, 2). keywords: erll; history; literature; memory; past; studies cache: cross-624.pdf plain text: cross-624.txt item: #146 of 211 id: cross-625 author: Kaptur, Paweł title: Oblivion and vengeance: Charles II Stuart’s policy towards the republicans at the Restoration of 1660 date: 2016-09-30 words: 4657 flesch: 60 summary: King Charles II. Historians also pay attention to Charles II’s conciliatory approach towards those who rebelled: “In his determined mercy, King Charles in 1660 did show himself indeed a veritable olive-branch-bearing dove” (Fraser, 187). keywords: charles; charles ii; cromwell; death; father; king; policy cache: cross-625.pdf plain text: cross-625.txt item: #147 of 211 id: cross-626 author: Karczewska, Anna Maria title: The Mirabal sisters and their testimonio in Julia Alvarez’s In the Time of the Butterflies date: 2016-09-30 words: 4449 flesch: 60 summary: Keywords: Rafael Trujillo, dictatorship, the Dominican Republic, Julia Alvarez, the Mirabal sisters. She claims that a testimonio may include all categories considered conventional literature, such as autobiography, autobiographical novel, oral history, memoir, confession, diary, interview, eyewitness report, life history, novella- testimonio, nonfiction novel, or “factographic” literature (22). keywords: alvarez; butterflies; dictator; dominican; mirabal; novel; sisters; story; testimonio; trujillo; women cache: cross-626.pdf plain text: cross-626.txt item: #148 of 211 id: cross-627 author: Kubiak, Stefan title: Childhood memories in three novels by Philip Roth: Portnoy’s Complaint, The Plot Against America, and American Pastoral as pivotal components of the protagonists’ identities date: 2016-09-30 words: 5567 flesch: 58 summary: Keywords: childhood, memory, Jewishness, Jewish identity, Philip Roth. The narrator of American Pas- toral, Nathan Zuckerman, tells the story of a person whose Jewishness seems to be of little impor- tance save certain moments where his father’s strong sense of Jewish identity and its effect on the protagonist are mentioned. keywords: american; identity; jewishness; jews; memory; novels; philip; philip roth; portnoy; roth; sense cache: cross-627.pdf plain text: cross-627.txt item: #149 of 211 id: cross-628 author: Feldman-Kołodziejuk, Ewelina title: Michael Crummey’s River Thieves in the light of rescue history date: 2016-09-30 words: 4363 flesch: 61 summary: Michael Crummey’s River Thieves in the light of rescue history 20 CROSSROADS. This article aims to invite a reading of Crum- mey’s works through the prism of rescue history, a concept recently introduced by a Polish scholar, Ewa Domańska. keywords: beothuk; crummey; history; newfoundland; novel; peyton; rescue; river; thieves cache: cross-628.pdf plain text: cross-628.txt item: #150 of 211 id: cross-629 author: Kucała, Bożena title: Houses as sites of memory in Penelope Lively’s writings date: 2016-09-30 words: 4893 flesch: 66 summary: Houses as sites of memory in Penelope Lively’s writings 10 CROSSROADS. This paper will analyse the representation of houses in selected novels and non-fiction by Penelope Lively. keywords: books; family; house; lively; memories; memory; past; penelope; space; time cache: cross-629.pdf plain text: cross-629.txt item: #151 of 211 id: cross-630 author: Kamińska, Aleksandra title: The witness of the unspoken experience: Postmemory in Bernice Eisenstein’s I Was a Child of Holocaust Survivors date: 2016-09-30 words: 5404 flesch: 58 summary: I Was a Child of Holocaust Survivors was published in 2006, and although Eisenstein herself is a second generation survivor, her memoir is historically closer to the narratives of the third generation. Several of her decisions are driven by the need to complete the image of Ben. Eisenstein creates a clash between text and image in I Was a Child of Holocaust Survivors. keywords: ben; child; eisenstein; father; generation; holocaust; memoir; parents; survivors cache: cross-630.pdf plain text: cross-630.txt item: #152 of 211 id: cross-631 author: Więckowska, Katarzyna title: Ways of forgetting: Memory and identity in Alzheimer’s fiction date: 2016-09-30 words: 5049 flesch: 57 summary: The novel gives Alzheimer’s a (family) history, positioning it between the cases of the famous am- nesiac Henry Molaison, who lost the ability to make new memories after a brain surgery in 1953, but kept “all of his memories before the surgery perfectly intact, his mind frozen in an endless present” (80), and of Solomon Shereshevsky, who could “remember everything,” but could not “find patterns in anything” (80) and to whom theorists refer “to support the hypothesis that our success as a species is based as much, if not more, on our ability to forget than on our ability to remember” (81). Alzheimer’s is a disease that poses a challenge to the established ways of thinking about the relation be- tween memory, identity and narrative. keywords: alice; alzheimer; disease; fiction; forgetting; memory; new; novel; self; story cache: cross-631.pdf plain text: cross-631.txt item: #153 of 211 id: cross-632 author: Kubiak, Stefan title: Why is Kwame Anthony Appiah’s proposal to dismiss the concept of “The West” premature? date: 2016-06-30 words: 9893 flesch: 52 summary: Keywords: the west, western culture, western civilisation, civilisation, term. In his article “There is no such thing as western civilisation”, which is an edited version of his BBC Reith lecture recently published in The Guardian (9 Nov 2016), Appiah posits the elimination of the term “western civilisation” from public discourse. keywords: appiah; braudel; civilisation; concept; culture; europe; european; history; human; idea; n.p; new; online; term; west; western; world cache: cross-632.pdf plain text: cross-632.txt item: #154 of 211 id: cross-633 author: Klimiuk, Magdalena title: Race, space and post-colonial landscape in Bernard Malamud’s The Tenants date: 2016-06-30 words: 4706 flesch: 54 summary: When the typist turned his head, a goateed man, darkly black-skinned, there seemed in his large liquid eyes poised in suspension as he stared at the writer a detachment so pure it menaced; at the same time a suggestion of fright Lesser felt reflected Lesser’s. Not only will Willie’s manuscript be inter- preted as Bhabha’s colonial symbol of desire and hatred at the same time, but Lesser’s attempt at improving Willie’s manuscript is, in my interpretation, perceived by Willie as an attempt at colo- nizing his mind/writing. keywords: black; characters; malamud; novel; power; space; tenants; willie; writing cache: cross-633.pdf plain text: cross-633.txt item: #155 of 211 id: cross-634 author: Moroz, Grzegorz title: Parallaxes as Means of Organizing Memory in Travel Narratives of Patrick Leigh Fermor and Ryszard Kapuściński date: 2016-06-30 words: 7134 flesch: 59 summary: Traditionally, both these genres, of travel book and reportaż podróżniczy, have relied on a retrospective type of narration making both travel books and reportaż podróżniczy formally similar to journals and/or diaries. Although predominant, travel books and reportaże podróżnicze following relatively closely in the wake of the real journey, are not the only ways of textualizing journeys. keywords: books; english; fermor; gifts; herodotus; kapuściński; leigh; narrative; parallax; patrick; persona; polish; ryszard; time; travel; travel books; writing cache: cross-634.pdf plain text: cross-634.txt item: #156 of 211 id: cross-635 author: Shpylova-Saeed, Nataliya title: Understanding Self and Others: Marriage Scenarios in Ford Madox Ford’s The Good Soldier and Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina date: 2016-06-30 words: 5746 flesch: 53 summary: This essay examines the topos of marriage as one of the textual elements that appear to establish and maintain a literary bridge between Ford and Tolstoy: based on an array of marriage stories, The Good Soldier and Anna Karenina reveal the individual’s fluid nature, which evokes a sense of uncertainty.12 Additionally, this essay will attempt to address the question whether uncertainty is presented as destructive and paralyzing, or whether it is conceptualized as unavoidable, and thus it is perceived as acceptable. Among a myriad of marriage stories, two novels stand out due to a variety of peripeteia, subplot mixes, moral confusion and desire to hear one’s own self: keywords: anna; dowell; ford; good; individual; karenina; kitty; marriage; soldier; tolstoy cache: cross-635.pdf plain text: cross-635.txt item: #157 of 211 id: cross-636 author: Dąbrowska, Dorota title: A multimodal perspective on metaphors and metonymies in art: A case study of the artwork Agora by Magdalena Abakanowicz date: 2016-06-30 words: 3984 flesch: 56 summary: The proposed semantic analysis is divided into two parts: the external perspective that in- volves the identification of visual metaphors and metonymies of the figural composition, and a slightly different interpretative scenario that results from combining the verbal and visual modalities – an attempt at identifying the multimodal metaphor. According to Feng and O’Halloran (2013), the object of conceptualisation often attracts more at- tention than the visual context: “cognitive studies of visual metaphor mostly focus on what is in the image, instead of how the image is represented” keywords: agora; artwork; cambridge; johnson; metaphor; metonymy; multimodal cache: cross-636.pdf plain text: cross-636.txt item: #158 of 211 id: cross-637 author: Grinev-Griniewicz, Siergiej title: Polysemy in language and thought date: 2016-03-30 words: 5634 flesch: 58 summary: To these varieties of polysemy we should add the well-known in linguistics enantiosemy – combining the opposite meanings in one word, “‘…enantiosemy,’ the presence of polysemies in which one sense is in some respect the opposite of the other” (Traugott 2006: 129). At 25 ARTICLES the same time there are types of polysemy which are generally unknown and not yet sufficiently investigated, especially various types of hidden polysemy. keywords: author; cases; english; language; meanings; phenomenon; polysemantism; polysemy; s.g.-g; term; terminology; transl; translation; word; москва cache: cross-637.pdf plain text: cross-637.txt item: #159 of 211 id: cross-638 author: Dziok-Łazarecka, Anna title: “Birds have Proustian capacity for making remembrance” – a post-pastoral reading of John Lewis-Stempel’s Meadowland and the question of anthropomorphising animals date: 2016-03-30 words: 7137 flesch: 52 summary: Man’s reading of animal ways derives from years of proximity, careful observation and empa- thy. Given that, the ancient way of reading, seeing and listening to non-human world is being transformed into standardized, mechanical categorization. keywords: animals; derrida; gifford; human; lewis; meadowland; nature; non; pastoral; place; post; question; stempel; world cache: cross-638.pdf plain text: cross-638.txt item: #160 of 211 id: cross-639 author: Osoba, Joseph Babasola; Oluwamusanmi, Sola Grace title: Genderlect as discourse in Yoruba movies date: 2016-03-30 words: 7456 flesch: 68 summary: So by Yoruba discourse, we simply refer to Yoruba language in use. Language Use: Yoruba words used by males and females to communicate in the selected movies. keywords: analysis; differences; discourse; english; features; gender; genderlect; hedges; intensifiers; language; male; movies; speech; taboo; use; women; words; yoruba cache: cross-639.pdf plain text: cross-639.txt item: #161 of 211 id: cross-640 author: Karczewska, Anna Maria title: Against dechoukaj: the trauma of Haiti in Edwidge Danticat’s The Dew Breaker date: 2015-12-30 words: 5863 flesch: 65 summary: Silence reflects unresolved trauma, guilt and shame, while speech, however fragmented, facilitates healing and begins the process of resolving trauma. The Dew Breaker provides access to history that would otherwise be unknown and unrepresented in histories. keywords: book; breaker; danticat; dew; dew breaker; experience; haiti; new; people; stories; trauma; victims cache: cross-640.pdf plain text: cross-640.txt item: #162 of 211 id: cross-641 author: Thomas, Michael W. title: Only a rose, Almost, Travellers date: 2015-12-30 words: 556 flesch: 72 summary: Bells almost rang beneath the hoosh of buses, the clouds were undersides of magic ways where angels got into first position, shepherds took form in sputnik-space, prepared to be unprepared, mithering, scared stiff. The ends of unlettered roads will find them, possibly, if a caravan rocks its green roof, betrays that it is not after all the high skirt of midsummer. keywords: moon; rose cache: cross-641.pdf plain text: cross-641.txt item: #163 of 211 id: cross-642 author: Łaszkiewicz, Weronika title: J.R.R. Tolkien’s Portrayal of Femininity and Its Transformations in Subsequent Adaptations date: 2015-12-30 words: 7580 flesch: 60 summary: J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography. The Inklings: C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, Charles Williams and their Friends. keywords: aragorn; arwen; characters; earth; female; galadriel; hobbit; jackson; lord; love; rings; tolkien; women cache: cross-642.pdf plain text: cross-642.txt item: #164 of 211 id: cross-643 author: Piecychna, Beata title: Is (Translational) Hermeneutics of any Use for the (Cognitive) Analysis of Translation Products? date: 2015-12-30 words: 8326 flesch: 54 summary: Keywords: translational hermeneutics; translation product; translation process; Radegundis Stolze; phenomenology. The tenets of translational hermeneutics might be used for the evaluation of both translation products and translation processes. keywords: analysis; article; author; hermeneutics; meaning; nie; o’doherty; process; roscarbury; się; source; source text; stolze; studies; target; target text; text; translation; translation process; translators; way cache: cross-643.pdf plain text: cross-643.txt item: #165 of 211 id: cross-644 author: Karczewski, Daniel; Buivolova, Olga title: Sensitivity to extralinguistic cues to identify generic and non-generic meaning date: 2015-09-30 words: 4171 flesch: 63 summary: Note that sentences with identical noun phrases (“Тигры сбежали из зоопарка” / ‘Tigers escaped from the zoo’ or “Тигр греется на солнце”/‘A tiger is sunbathing’) can lead to non-generic interpretations. Following Gelman et al.’s studies, we also assumed that the plural-plural condition would elicit non-generic answers. keywords: answers; condition; cues; gelman; generic; non; plural; singular; study cache: cross-644.pdf plain text: cross-644.txt item: #166 of 211 id: cross-645 author: Thomas, Michael W. title: “Smile”, “How Now”, “Harbours Hill, Worcestershire” date: 2015-09-30 words: 651 flesch: 59 summary: A Journal of English Studies When colour depletes and my porch’s window gives up on show and tell I’ll lift the letterflap feel my smile tumbling in under my hand it will tell me in its different keys of silence how it has fared— hunting through the fissures of the day making like clown, Samaritan, peace-patcher— if it got between a hand and self-removal sealed a union of the widowed made someone laugh at a joke like itself, complete as a ripple, sudden as a lift of mist 39 THE WRITER’S CORNER How Now I’ve the look of a man who doesn’t know if he’ll come out where he went in I sing these days under my breath prefer the gaps between words the moments after things happen I see but no memories mass about thought shows its usual lump beneath the covers coming out of a station say I may wonder what kind of evening the sun has struck for us then drop into it feel how footsteps trap destinations how the colours of traffic splash each other up from lane to lane here comes a man hands-free spraying intimacy onto other breaths A Journal of English Studies I could die here furl to a brief aggravation of air leave my image to sink like daylight through the waves an echo that never used a word 41 THE WRITER’S keywords: corner; writer cache: cross-645.pdf plain text: cross-645.txt item: #167 of 211 id: cross-646 author: Mioduszewska, Kinga Maria title: The Development of the Protagonist in Rudolfo Anaya’s Chicano Bildungsroman Bless Me, Ultima date: 2015-09-30 words: 8681 flesch: 68 summary: Therefore, the profusion of violence Tony experiences influences him strongly. At the end of Bless Me, Ultima Antonio Juan Márez y Luna is by far a young man being undisturbed by his heritage or formidability that comes with life. keywords: american; anaya; antonio; bildungsroman; chicano; culture; english; family; mexican; novel; protagonist; tony; ultima cache: cross-646.pdf plain text: cross-646.txt item: #168 of 211 id: cross-647 author: Korzeniewska-Nowakowska, Paulina title: Revisiting the fairy land: Anne Sexton’s transformation of the Grimms’ female characters date: 2015-09-30 words: 3318 flesch: 58 summary: Indeed, numerous screenings, revisited writings, and even Internet memes modernize fairy tale characters, mostly female ones, attributing to them features of being liberated and independent. Keywords: fairy tales; feminism; female protagonist; adaptation; postmodern poetry. keywords: fairy; girl; grimms; new; sexton; tales; white; women cache: cross-647.pdf plain text: cross-647.txt item: #169 of 211 id: cross-648 author: Tomczak, Anna Maria title: Beata Piątek. History, Memory, Trauma in Contemporary British and Irish Fiction. Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press, 2014. pp. 197. date: 2015-06-30 words: 2542 flesch: 51 summary: The profound role of Hal- bwachs’s ideas for the development of memory studies lies in moving “the discourse concerning collective knowledge out of a biological framework into a cultural one” (Assmann 1995:125). Moreover, claiming that Halbwachs “tries to treat individual memory and collective memory as analogous” (30) seems far-fetched. keywords: collective; history; memory; narrative; piątek; studies; trauma cache: cross-648.pdf plain text: cross-648.txt item: #170 of 211 id: cross-649 author: Crowe, John Harold title: Can Themba: The Legacy of a South African Writer date: 2015-06-30 words: 3212 flesch: 69 summary: ‘Mob Passion’ in Requiem for Sophia Town Anthology of Short stories, 2006, Penguin Books: London Themba:16 Themba, Can. The Tsotsi is the crude invention of a system so enshrined in the social and political landscape of apartheid South Africa that at one and the same time it repulses and attracts us; makes us laugh and makes us cry. keywords: apartheid; london; requiem; sophia; stories; themba; town cache: cross-649.pdf plain text: cross-649.txt item: #171 of 211 id: cross-650 author: Stankiewicz, Emilia title: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre City as a manifestation of American values of freedom and democracy date: 2015-06-30 words: 4780 flesch: 57 summary: It was developed late in Wright’s life (The Disap- pearing City was published when Frank Lloyd Wright was 65 years old) and worked on until his death. Writings on Wright: Selected Comment on Frank Lloyd Wright, Ed. keywords: american; broadacre; broadacre city; city; democracy; frank; freedom; lloyd; wright cache: cross-650.pdf plain text: cross-650.txt item: #172 of 211 id: cross-651 author: Borowska-Szerszun, Sylwia title: The Interplay of the Domestic and the Uncanny in Susanna Clarke’s Jonathan Strange and Mr Norrell date: 2015-06-30 words: 4659 flesch: 49 summary: Although Mr Norrell and Jonathan Strange unknowingly played their part in the very process and came up with the necessary spell, their role in the revival of English magic proves accidental, and the magic that “returns” to England is not the gentle- manly profession desired by Mr Norrell but a more unpredictable force derived from the Raven- King, a mythical medieval magician-king of both England and Faerie. Jonathan Strange and Mr Norrell at its surface level tells the story of two male magicians, as dif- ferent as the heroines of Sense and Sensibility, who are trying to restore English magic, yet in doing so the novel consciously refers to the tradition of women’s writing, both stylistically and themati- 11 ARTICLES cally. keywords: clarke; fantasy; gothic; jonathan; magic; norrell; novel; strange cache: cross-651.pdf plain text: cross-651.txt item: #173 of 211 id: cross-656 author: Kamionowski, Jerzy title: The 'Color-Line' Criticism: Literary Fiction, Historical Facts, and the Critical Controversies about William Styron’s "The Confessions of Nat Turner" date: 2014-12-30 words: 5175 flesch: 52 summary: This article analyses critical responses to William Styron’s The Confessions of Nat Turner, claiming that the reception of the novel was strongly determined by the question of race and the different perception-and- interpretation of a “common” history by black and white Americans. I am recalling this almost-contemporary event as a context to the comparably violent and tempestuous response to William Styron’s The Confessions of Nat Turner, a novel published in 1967. keywords: confessions; critics; fact; nat; nat turner; novel; styron; turner; white; william cache: cross-656.pdf plain text: cross-656.txt item: #174 of 211 id: cross-657 author: Moroz, Grzegorz title: Oxford Travel Book Writers and Gentlemen-Scholars: Constructing Narrative Personae in Aldous Huxley’s "The Jesting Pilate", Robert Byron’s "The Station" and Evelyn Waugh’s "Remote People" date: 2014-12-30 words: 5392 flesch: 57 summary: The construction of a gentleman’s narrative persona in British travel books could be analyzed from different perspectives and at many levels. Keywords: narrative persona, Oxford, novelist, travel book, construction, travel writing. keywords: anti; art; book; british; byron; fussell; huxley; narrative; oxford; persona; travel; waugh cache: cross-657.pdf plain text: cross-657.txt item: #175 of 211 id: cross-658 author: Solanke, Stephen Oladele title: Mythotypes and Sociological Imports in the Apartheid World of "Sizwe Bansi is Dead" date: 2014-12-30 words: 6558 flesch: 68 summary: Buntu’s “Your wife is not working” statement (Sizwe Bansi, 27) gets Man (Sizwe)’s desultory reply: Their personalities become that of the slave, and they must always “hide your feelings” (Sizwe Bansi, 7); “clean your face” (Sizwe Bansi, 42); and “adopt a fawning, servile pose in front of the white man” (Sizwe Bansi, 43). keywords: african; apartheid; bansi; blacks; buntu; freedom; man; mythotypes; new; people; sizwe; sizwe bansi; south; styles cache: cross-658.pdf plain text: cross-658.txt item: #176 of 211 id: cross-659 author: Feldman-Kołodziejuk, Ewelina title: Margaret Atwood’s "The Blind Assassin" as a Social Chronicle of 20th Century Canada date: 2014-12-30 words: 4901 flesch: 61 summary: From time to time Ygnirods “would stage a revolt, which would then be ruthlessly suppressed”, which most likely is a reference to labour unrest and factory strikes during the Depression years (Atwood 2000:18). Keywords: Margaret Atwood, Canada, memory, social change, class division, feminism. keywords: assassin; atwood; canada; century; family; history; iris; margaret; memory; novel; past cache: cross-659.pdf plain text: cross-659.txt item: #177 of 211 id: cross-660 author: Kacprowska, Katarzyna title: Aspects of Assimilation in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake date: 2014-09-30 words: 4168 flesch: 56 summary: 42-50 Various factors have served to unify the Indian American community in each area of settlement. Keywords: The Namesake, Jhumpa Lahiri, assimilation, acculturation, Indian immigrants, Indian diaspora. keywords: 2003; american; assimilation; bengali; gogol; immigrants; indian; lahiri; life; new; parents cache: cross-660.pdf plain text: cross-660.txt item: #178 of 211 id: cross-661 author: Łaszkiewicz, Weronika title: Jack London: a writing sailor, a sailing writer date: 2014-09-30 words: 6665 flesch: 71 summary: Becoming Jack London. London also recounts his meeting with a runaway English sailor with 2 Charmian London’s The Book of Jack London (1921) is frequently perceived as a rather sentimental and romanticized account of her late husband. keywords: boat; jack; jack london; life; london; man; n.p; new; sailing; sailor; sea; ship; world cache: cross-661.pdf plain text: cross-661.txt item: #179 of 211 id: cross-662 author: Olszak, Izabela title: Graphic and semantic organizers as cognitive strategies in reading instruction date: 2014-09-30 words: 4920 flesch: 51 summary: Although there are numerous definitions concerning reading strategies, researchers agree that reading strategies are conscious actions undertaken by learners to achieve specific reading goals. Researchers claim that both direct and indirect use of reading strategies lead to the improvement of reading comprehension ability. keywords: comprehension; knowledge; language; learning; organizers; process; reading; strategies; strategy; students; text cache: cross-662.pdf plain text: cross-662.txt item: #180 of 211 id: cross-663 author: Grinev-Griniewicz, Siergiej title: Terminological aspects of modern language policy date: 2014-09-30 words: 5544 flesch: 41 summary: Terminological aspects of language policy are discussed with a suggestion of introducing a new scientific discipline – linguopolitology with the respective conceptual and terminological systems; arguments for founding language planning on terminological basis and examples of regulating terminology are presented. Keywords: language policy, language planning, advancing terminology, terminology design. keywords: development; language; new; number; planning; policy; politics; russian; terminology; terms; vocabulary cache: cross-663.pdf plain text: cross-663.txt item: #181 of 211 id: cross-664 author: Szewczuk, Magdalena title: Equivalence and translation strategies in the Polish rendering of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey date: 2014-06-30 words: 7079 flesch: 65 summary: Venuti (1995) uses the term invisibility to describe the phenomenon of the illusion of the translated text – for those, who read it in target language it feels to be natural, and they do not think of it as a rendering: A translated text, whether prose or poetry, fiction or nonfiction, is judged acceptable by most publishers, reviewers, and readers when it reads fluently, when the absence of any linguistic or stylistic peculiarities makes it seem transparent, giving the appearance that it reflects the foreign writer’s personality or intention or the essential meaning of the foreign text—the appearance, in other words, that the translation is not in fact a translation, but the “original.” Keywords: One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Ken Kesey, translation, Polish, Tomasz Mirkowicz Introduction This paper offers a contrastive analysis of the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey and its Polish translation by Tomasz Mirkowicz with the aim to analyse the differences between them, and to estimate the extent to which the translator’s intervention has changed the text and influenced its reception among Polish readers. keywords: author; bromden; cuckoo; english; ken; kesey; language; mcmurphy; mirkowicz; names; nest; novel; original; polish; rendering; speech; text; translator; words cache: cross-664.pdf plain text: cross-664.txt item: #182 of 211 id: cross-665 author: Mackiewicz, Anita title: Translation strategies across time: a comparison of two Polish renderings of Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery date: 2014-06-30 words: 4913 flesch: 67 summary: The aim of this article is to compare two Polish renderings of Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery: the oldest one by Rozalia Bersteinowa (1911/1912), and one of the most recent ones, by Paweł Beręsewicz (2013). Keywords: translation, English, Polish, adaptation, foreignisation, Anne of Green Gables, Lucy Maud Montgomery, Rozalia Bersteinowa, Paweł Beręsewicz. keywords: ania; anne; bersteinowa; beręsewicz; gables; green; jest; lucy; maud; montgomery; names; novel; original; polish; renderings; strategies; translation; version cache: cross-665.pdf plain text: cross-665.txt item: #183 of 211 id: cross-666 author: Unseth, Peter title: A created proverb in a novel becomes broadly used in society: “'Easily in but not easily out', as the lobster said in his lobster pot.” date: 2014-06-30 words: 3051 flesch: 63 summary: “Proverb is as proverb does: Forrest Gump, the catchphrase, and the proverb”, Proverbium 30, 377-428. http://philology.knu.ua/files/library/movni_i_konceptualni/46-2/61.pdf Probably the best known examples currently in English fiction are the wealth of created proverbs found in the film Forrest Gump, (Winick 1998: keywords: english; lewis; lobster; lobster pot; mieder; novel; pot; proverbs cache: cross-666.pdf plain text: cross-666.txt item: #184 of 211 id: cross-667 author: Guzowska, Dorota title: A Conflict of Wills. The Seventeenth-Century Diarist Isaac Archer and His Father date: 2014-06-30 words: 6929 flesch: 60 summary: The Seventeenth-Century Diarist Isaac Archer and His Father Abstract. Isaac Archer (1641-1700) was a godly man, an Anglican minister, a good father to his nine children and the son of a possessive father. keywords: archer; children; diary; father; isaac; isaac archer; life; marriage; mee; parents; son cache: cross-667.pdf plain text: cross-667.txt item: #185 of 211 id: cross-668 author: Roy, Binayak title: Mapping the Transnation: Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines date: 2014-06-30 words: 8832 flesch: 59 summary: Her naïve belief in the existence of borders corresponds with Anderson’s conceptualization of the nation as “limited” with “finite, if elastic boundaries, beyond which lie other nations” (1983: 16). Cultural space can be configured and the unknown can be experienced “concretely” (SL, 29) in the imagination. keywords: borders; dhaka; ghosh; home; imagination; india; narrator; nation; new; people; place; self; space; thamma; tridib; world cache: cross-668.pdf plain text: cross-668.txt item: #186 of 211 id: cross-669 author: Michelis, Angelica title: Foreign Recipes: Mothers, Daughters and Food in "Like Water For Chocolate" , "The Joy Luck Club" and "A Chorus of Mushrooms" date: 2014-03-30 words: 9950 flesch: 52 summary: Sarah Sceats in Food, Consumption and the Body in Contemporary Women’s Fiction (2000) points out that there is a special relationship between femininity and food, because traditionally it is still mainly women who take care of the provision and cooking of meals. Uncertainty and instability are further emphasised and put to the fore by the thematic focus on food, its cooking and consumption, which are then developed as the narrative’s main subject and formal device, as Kristine Ibsen (1995) points out: Food functions as a narrative device in the novel: like a cinematic montage, bridging both temporal and spatial displacements, it transports both the characters and the reader into a sensual dimension of reality. keywords: chocolate; chorus; club; daughters; eating; food; joy; luck; mother; mushrooms; novel; tita; water; women cache: cross-669.pdf plain text: cross-669.txt item: #187 of 211 id: cross-670 author: Osoba, Joseph title: A Linguistic Analysis of Wole Soyinka’s "The Trials of Brother Jero" date: 2014-03-30 words: 7648 flesch: 68 summary: And since the woman in question had lifted her hands on Prophet Jero two things could be also presupposed by the reader or audience: (1) The woman did not know that Brother Jero is a prophet and (2) Brother Jero is not a true prophet. Soyinka’s The Trials of Brother Jero, portrays the protagonist, Prophet Jero, as charlatan who attempts to achieve his ambition as an important and distinctive prophet by appearing immaculate in a velvet cape, which he had not yet paid for, and articulate in prophecy. keywords: brother; brother jero; chume; clause; jero; presupposition; trials; utterance; wife cache: cross-670.pdf plain text: cross-670.txt item: #188 of 211 id: cross-671 author: Klimiuk, Magdalena title: Conundrums of Assimilation – Rethinking the World Presented in Philip Roth’s “Defender of the Faith” and Alice Walker’s “Everyday Use” date: 2014-03-30 words: 6849 flesch: 58 summary: [...] the African American who becomes a metaphor for their [Jewish American writers’] own commitment. In Search of American Jewish Culture. keywords: american; dee; defender; faith; grossbart; mama; marx; roth; story; use; walker cache: cross-671.pdf plain text: cross-671.txt item: #189 of 211 id: cross-672 author: Foulds, Peter title: Steinbeck, Guthrie and Zanuck: a Dust Bowl Triptych. The Intertextual Life of "The Grapes of Wrath" on Paper, Celluloid and Vinyl date: 2014-03-30 words: 4456 flesch: 76 summary: John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (published 75 years ago this April) inspired Darryl F. Zanuck and John Ford to make their great film of the same name, and Woody Guthrie to write songs celebrating its characters. In a world where the arts have become one more target for multimedia corporations it is worth remembering the more authentic intertextuality of works which appeared around 1940, i.e. John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath, Darryl F. Zanuck and John Ford’s film of the same name, and the songs of Woody Guthrie. keywords: bowl; dust; grapes; guthrie; john; man; people; steinbeck; wrath; zanuck cache: cross-672.pdf plain text: cross-672.txt item: #190 of 211 id: cross-673 author: Karczewski, Kacper title: More than just "Iron Man": A Brief History of Comic Books and Graphic Novels date: 2013-12-30 words: 2612 flesch: 66 summary: It should be noted that analysis of how superhero comics changed throughout the years can give a pretty clear picture of the social concerns of a given era. Randy Duncan and Matthew J. Smith point out that the emergence of such comics should be linked to pulp magazines, which contained stories about heroes with unusual abilities like Zorro or Tarzan. keywords: books; comic; history; iron; man; novels cache: cross-673.pdf plain text: cross-673.txt item: #191 of 211 id: cross-674 author: Kamionowski, Jerzy title: Homeward Dove: Nomadism, “World”- -Travelling, and Rita Dove’s Homecoming(s) date: 2013-12-30 words: 4843 flesch: 57 summary: As a result, Dove avoids being pigeonholed as either an integrationist or separatist poet, transcending the traditional binary critical categories of classifying American black poets. Interestingly, among the “worlds” that Dove “travel[s] to lovingly” (Lugones 1987: 17) are the old black “unfamiliar neighborhoods” (Dove 1999: 88; italics mine), a phrase that points out that her homecoming(s) are essentially different from those demanded by black revolutionary poets of the 1960s/70s such as Amiri Baraka and Sonia Sanchez. keywords: black; cultural; dove; homecoming(s; movement; nomadism; poem; poet; rita; rita dove; world”-travelling cache: cross-674.pdf plain text: cross-674.txt item: #192 of 211 id: cross-675 author: Chakraborty, Debadrita title: An Interplay of Loss and Hope: Analyzing Diaspora Consciousness in Arnold Zable’s "Café Scheherazade" date: 2013-12-30 words: 4050 flesch: 57 summary: Analyzing Diaspora Consciousness in Arnold Zable’s Café Scheherazade”, Crossroads. Analyzing Diaspora Consciousness in Arnold Zable’s Café Scheherazade”, Crossroads. keywords: café; diaspora; hope; jewish; loss; scheherazade; world; zable cache: cross-675.pdf plain text: cross-675.txt item: #193 of 211 id: cross-676 author: Monachowicz, Nadzieja title: The Functioning of the CONTAINER Conceptual Metaphor in Doris Lessing’s "Children of Violence" date: 2013-12-30 words: 6644 flesch: 64 summary: The Polish translations of the other titles in the series are as follows: Martha Quest- Martha Quest (Albatros 2008); A Proper Marriage – Odpowiednie małzeństwo (Albatros 2009); A Ripple from the Storm – Fala po burzy (Albatros 2010), The Four-Gated City –Miasto o czterech bramach (Albatros 2013). A parallel mode marks Lessing’s architectural journey, but the journey is not a simple one, for the mud house is not a viable reality for Martha Quest or Doris Lessing. keywords: children; city; container; doris; doris lessing; house; lessing; london; martha; metaphor; new; violence cache: cross-676.pdf plain text: cross-676.txt item: #194 of 211 id: cross-677 author: Łapińska, Magdalena title: “A Game of Thrones” – a New Classic? date: 2013-12-30 words: 2231 flesch: 69 summary: Presented characters and symbols demonstrate that A Game of Thrones possesses the elements characteristic of all classics and despite the fact that it belongs to genre of Fantasy it is feasible it will become a classic. A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin is one book that adheres to the overlooked genre of Fantasy. keywords: characters; classic; game; life; thrones cache: cross-677.pdf plain text: cross-677.txt item: #195 of 211 id: cross-678 author: Lewicka-Mroczek, Ewa; Szymaniuk, Dorota title: Prosody Learning Strategies and What English Philology Students Know about Them date: 2013-12-30 words: 4083 flesch: 50 summary: Designing and piloting a tool for the measurement of the use of pronunciation learning strategies, Research in Language, vol. 8, 189-202 (at: http://versita.metapress.com/content/017pu2lk70651511/fulltext. 10.01 2013). Ewa Lewicka-Mroczek Dorota Szymaniuk The University of Bialystok Prosody Learning Strategies and What English Philology Students Know about Them Abstract. keywords: english; learning; pronunciation; skills; strategies; students cache: cross-678.pdf plain text: cross-678.txt item: #196 of 211 id: cross-679 author: Smoleńska, Agnieszka title: Wordplay in selected Polish translations of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll date: 2013-09-30 words: 6170 flesch: 73 summary: The success of the book led Carroll to write a sequel – Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There, which became equally popular. Maciej Słomczyński, the translator of all of Shakespeare’s works and Ulysses by James Joyce, wrote the next rendering of Alice in 1965; he was also the first to translate Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There into Polish. keywords: adventures; alice; alicja; book; carroll; kaniewska; marianowicz; nie; original; polish; się; słomczyński; tale; translation; turtle; version; wonderland; word; żółw cache: cross-679.pdf plain text: cross-679.txt item: #197 of 211 id: cross-680 author: Tur, Vitaly V. title: Telic features in the semantics of English nominal compounds date: 2013-09-30 words: 4752 flesch: 46 summary: The notion of proper function is very close to J. Pustejovsky’s telic function in the qualia-structure of the meaning of nouns (Pustejovsky 1991), both used to formalise the process of lexical combinability. Thus, as can be seen from the definition, the difference between the notions of telic role and proper function is that the former serves as an umbrella term which includes the latter as an individual case among other possible functions. keywords: actor; compounds; constituents; function; head; information; meaning; noun; object; role; structure; telic cache: cross-680.pdf plain text: cross-680.txt item: #198 of 211 id: cross-681 author: Rozumko, Agata title: Lexicographic representations of English epistemic adverbs: an overview of problems based on selected monolingual and bilingual (English-Polish) dictionaries date: 2013-09-30 words: 4720 flesch: 50 summary: Both traditional and on-line dictionaries will be studied, with an attempt to outline the tendencies in the lexicographic description of epistemic adverbs. The scope of the study and the method The relative scarcity of publications concerning epistemic adverbs results from the fact that their cultural and linguistic significance has been noticed only rather recently. keywords: adverbs; dictionaries; dictionary; english; entries; equivalents; meanings; polish cache: cross-681.pdf plain text: cross-681.txt item: #199 of 211 id: cross-682 author: Tso, Anna Wing Bo title: Transgressing the gender borders: the subversive re-inscription of Eve in Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials date: 2013-09-30 words: 7118 flesch: 70 summary: The Representation of Lyra, or the Subversive Re-inscription of Eve According to Sakenfeld (1985) one of the emphases of contemporary Christian feminists is to counteract famous Biblical texts used against women, which include: …the themes that woman was created second (Genesis 2) and sinned first (Genesis 3 and the reinforcement of this view in 1 Tim. 2:13-14); that women must keep silent in church (1 Cor. Then, in The Subtle Knife (1997), Lena Feldt, the witch, emphasizes the notion of Lyra-as-Eve again. keywords: adam; eve; fall; female; gender; genesis; god; like; lyra; new; pullman; women; world cache: cross-682.pdf plain text: cross-682.txt item: #200 of 211 id: cross-683 author: Roszkowska, Monika title: The evolution of translation standards as illustrated by the history of Polish translations of Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë date: 2013-09-30 words: 6273 flesch: 63 summary: Similarly, Dobrzańska translates the phrase Nor do I particularly affect simple-minded old ladies (chapter XIV, p. 92) as Nie cierpię ich równie mocno jak starych bab o ograniczonym umyśle (chapter XI, p. 61) (‘I hate them as much as [I hate] narrow-minded old hags’). For example, she translates Not three in three thousand raw school-girl-governesses would have answered me as you have just done (chapter XIV, p. 96) as Na sto nauczycielek, ani jedna nie zdołała by się na to, co mi pani powiedziała (chapter XI, p. 66) (‘Not one in a hundred …’) or she renders All the night I heard but three sounds at three long intervals, - a step creak, a momentary 6 renewal of the snarling, canine noise, and a deep human groan (chapter XX, p. 147) into W ciągu całej nocy tylko raz słyszałam szmer kroków, mruknięcie podobne do warczenia psa i jakiś przeciągły jęk, (chapter XVII, p. 124), which suggests that Jane heard three voices at the same time, or one after another. keywords: changes; chapter; dobrzańska; example; eyre; jane; jane eyre; jaworska; language; names; original; polish; rendering; text; time; translation; translators; version; świderska cache: cross-683.pdf plain text: cross-683.txt item: #201 of 211 id: cross-684 author: Łaszkiewicz, Weronika title: Finding God(s) in Fantasylands: Religious Ideas in Fantasy Literature date: 2013-06-30 words: 7104 flesch: 59 summary: One reason why religious themes and motifs so frequently appear in fantasy literature is because the genre greatly relies on the world’s mythological heritage. When the truth is revealed, Freda and Skafloc’s conversation reflects the difference in her and his perception of the world based on their morality and (lack of) religious faith: ‘Come – Freda, come, forget the damned law–’ ‘It is God’s law,’ she said tonelessly. keywords: evil; faith; fantasy; fantasy literature; god; literature; magic; people; power; religions; tolkien; world cache: cross-684.pdf plain text: cross-684.txt item: #202 of 211 id: cross-685 author: Palmer, Kirk S. title: Beyond the Canon: Second Looks at Oft-Neglected Books date: 2013-06-30 words: 1093 flesch: 59 summary: * After Herman Melville – indeed, after the failure of Reconstruction and the re- introduction of Jim Crow – few works by white authors featured a black character. “Beyond the Canon”, then, will be an occasional feature in Crossroads soliciting recommendations of works which might otherwise escape notice: not necessarily “great” works – or even great reads – but ones which illumine, challenge, and/or entertain – though not necessarily all together. keywords: crossroads; howells; works cache: cross-685.pdf plain text: cross-685.txt item: #203 of 211 id: cross-686 author: Thomas, Michael W. title: “Other Than They Were”: Fair Places Full of Folk date: 2013-06-30 words: 8951 flesch: 63 summary: There is a two-tier division between ‘Joseph Anton’ and ‘Salman Rushdie’, as well as between ‘Salman’ and ‘Rushdie’. Unfortunately, such inclusions become badly counterbalanced by fragments of actual letters and statements which Rushdie received in support, as in: “We should really be grateful to Rushdie for having opened up the imaginary for Muslims once again” and “The only truly free man today is Salman Rushdie keywords: affair; anna; anton; author; book; english; freedom; joseph; journal; life; maria; novel; rushdie; rushdie affair; salman; studies; time; verses; world cache: cross-686.pdf plain text: cross-686.txt item: #204 of 211 id: cross-687 author: Tomczak, Anna Maria title: Rushdie Affair Revisited date: 2013-06-30 words: 8951 flesch: 63 summary: There is a two-tier division between ‘Joseph Anton’ and ‘Salman Rushdie’, as well as between ‘Salman’ and ‘Rushdie’. Unfortunately, such inclusions become badly counterbalanced by fragments of actual letters and statements which Rushdie received in support, as in: “We should really be grateful to Rushdie for having opened up the imaginary for Muslims once again” and “The only truly free man today is Salman Rushdie keywords: affair; anna; anton; author; book; english; freedom; joseph; journal; life; maria; novel; rushdie; rushdie affair; salman; studies; time; verses; world cache: cross-687.pdf plain text: cross-687.txt item: #205 of 211 id: cross-688 author: Davis, Boyd H.; Thiede, Ralf; Smith, Mary K. title: Cross-cultural Socialization into a Common Profession: Exploring how Nursing Students in Taiwan and in the U.S. Narrate Professional Identity date: 2013-06-30 words: 8255 flesch: 57 summary: The retention of traditional values can also be seen in the study by Lee-Hsieh et al. (2005) about the development of an instrument to measure patient perceptions of car ing behaviors, the results of which could be used to train student nurses. This discussion will draw on a series of written stories and commentaries on professional values in nursing for a cross-cultural pragmatics study of US nursing students in North Carolina and Chinese nursing students in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. keywords: caring; chinese; english; identity; journal; mary; new; nurse; nursing; nursing students; professional; socialization; students; studies; taiwan; u.s cache: cross-688.pdf plain text: cross-688.txt item: #206 of 211 id: cross-689 author: Modzelewski, Rafał title: Virtual Togetherness: Sense of Identity and Community in Cyberspace date: 2013-06-30 words: 8737 flesch: 56 summary: Introduction The growing popularity of virtual communities in the cultural West, defined as European and North American countries along with Australia and New Zealand, is a fact. Theory and definitions Howard Rheinhold coined the following definition in his The Virtual Community (1993:6): “Virtual communities are social aggregations that emerge from the Net when enough people carry on those public discussions long enough, with sufficient human feeling, to form webs of personal relationships in cyberspace.” keywords: communities; community; cyberspace; face; forum; identity; internet; journal; online; people; sense; togetherness; users; world cache: cross-689.pdf plain text: cross-689.txt item: #207 of 211 id: cross-690 author: Mugford, Gerrard title: Face, linguistic (im)politeness and polyphony in Thomas Hardy’s Far from the Madding Crowd date: 2013-06-30 words: 6992 flesch: 63 summary: Watts distinguishes between politic and polite conduct in the following way: linguistic behaviour which is perceived to be appropriate to the social constraints of the ongoing interaction, i.e. as non-salient, should be called politic behaviour. The analysis shows how the protagonists use politic and polite behaviour to come across in their own way and to achieve their interpersonal aims: the courting of Bathsheba Oak and Boldwood reflects politic behaviour and gives each man different results; Troy, on the other hand, uses polite and potentially impolite behaviour to win Bathsheba’s hand. keywords: bathsheba; behaviour; crowd; face; hardy; im)politeness; linguistic; oak; polyphony; troy cache: cross-690.pdf plain text: cross-690.txt item: #208 of 211 id: cross-695 author: Bonner, Nora; Shayegh, Elham title: Adam Bede Revisited: Social Stigma and the Formation of Deviant Identity date: 2015-06-30 words: 3572 flesch: 64 summary: Throughout the novel, Hayslope community1 refuses to allow Hetty a comfortable position in their society. [Hetty] goes home and dreams of the hand- some young emperor, and perhaps weighs the flour amiss while she is thinking what a heavenly lot it must be to have him for a husband” (105). keywords: dinah; eliot; hetty; identity; novel; society; stigma; way cache: cross-695.pdf plain text: cross-695.txt item: #209 of 211 id: cross-696 author: Zarzycki, Łukasz title: Socio-lingual Phenomenon of the Anti-language of Polish and American Prison Inmates date: 2015-06-30 words: 5746 flesch: 59 summary: This paper is devoted to the phenomenon of prison subculture from the perspective of the Polish prison slang so called the secret grypserka language (from gryps – a slang word meaning a letter smuggled into or out of a jail). The inmate code as well as special terminology is a part of prison subculture. keywords: argot; codes; cohen; grypserka; inmate; life; london; new; norms; polish; prison; research; slang; subcultures; terms cache: cross-696.pdf plain text: cross-696.txt item: #210 of 211 id: cross-697 author: Kos, Jacek title: Anthropolinguistic Analysis of the Semantic Field of the Verb Cook date: 2015-06-30 words: 7279 flesch: 60 summary: It is common prac- tice to divide Middle English period into Early Middle English (1100 – 1300) and Late Middle English (1300 – 1500) and Modern English into Early Modern English (1500 – 1800) and Late Modern English (1800 – present) (englishclub.com). As the data available in The Oxford English Dictionary (1994) suggest, the first lexeme which initialized the semantic field of cooking terms is the verb to brew. keywords: cooking; english; english dictionary; field; food; meaning; oxford english; verb cache: cross-697.pdf plain text: cross-697.txt item: #211 of 211 id: cross-698 author: Puławski, Krzysztof; Semil, Małgorzata title: Anthroponyms in translation (in Polish) date: 2015-06-30 words: 2472 flesch: 76 summary: Zresztą „wyczucie” to pewnie złe słowo, bo chyba chodziło o odcięcie się w ten sposób od siermiężnego komunizmu. Zresztą „wyczucie” to pewnie złe słowo, bo chyba chodziło o odcięcie się w ten sposób od siermiężnego komunizmu. keywords: ale; bardzo; było; chyba; czy; dialogu; imion; jak; jest; nie; pani; problem; przykład; się; tak; tego cache: cross-698.pdf plain text: cross-698.txt