id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
cice-11371	1	1	send	send	VERB
cice-11371	1	2	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
cice-11371	1	3	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	1	4	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	1	5	john	john	PROPN
cice-11371	1	6	e.	e.	PROPN
cice-11371	1	7	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	1	8	;	;	PUNCT
cice-11371	1	9	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	1	10	-	-	SYM
cice-11371	1	11	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	1	12	-	-	SYM
cice-11371	1	13	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	1	14	hodokubo	hodokubo	ADJ
cice-11371	1	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	1	16	hino	hino	PROPN
cice-11371	1	17	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	1	18	shi	shi	PROPN
cice-11371	1	19	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	1	20	tokyo	tokyo	PROPN
cice-11371	1	21	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	1	22	191	191	NUM
cice-11371	1	23	-	-	SYM
cice-11371	1	24	8506	8506	NUM
cice-11371	1	25	japan	japan	PROPN
cice-11371	1	26	;	;	PUNCT
cice-11371	1	27	john@eleal.meisei-u.ac.jp	john@eleal.meisei-u.ac.jp	PROPN
cice-11371	1	28	;	;	PUNCT
cice-11371	1	29	kate	kate	PROPN
cice-11371	1	30	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	1	31	;	;	PUNCT
cice-11371	1	32	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	1	33	-	-	SYM
cice-11371	1	34	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	1	35	-	-	SYM
cice-11371	1	36	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	1	37	wakaba	wakaba	NOUN
cice-11371	1	38	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	1	39	mihama	mihama	PROPN
cice-11371	1	40	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	1	41	ku	ku	PROPN
cice-11371	1	42	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	1	43	chiba	chiba	PROPN
cice-11371	1	44	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	2	1	261	261	NUM
cice-11371	2	2	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	2	3	0014	0014	NUM
cice-11371	2	4	japan	japan	PROPN
cice-11371	2	5	;	;	PUNCT
cice-11371	2	6	kateob@kanda.kuis.ac.jp	kateob@kanda.kuis.ac.jp	PROPN
cice-11371	3	1	©	©	PROPN
cice-11371	3	2	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	3	3	current	current	ADJ
cice-11371	3	4	issues	issue	NOUN
cice-11371	3	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	3	6	comparative	comparative	ADJ
cice-11371	3	7	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	3	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	3	9	teachers	teachers	PROPN
cice-11371	3	10	college	college	PROPN
cice-11371	3	11	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	3	12	columbia	columbia	PROPN
cice-11371	3	13	university	university	PROPN
cice-11371	3	14	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	3	15	all	all	DET
cice-11371	3	16	rights	right	NOUN
cice-11371	3	17	reserved	reserve	VERB
cice-11371	3	18	current	current	ADJ
cice-11371	3	19	issues	issue	NOUN
cice-11371	3	20	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	3	21	comparative	comparative	ADJ
cice-11371	3	22	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	3	23	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	3	24	vol.5	vol.5	PROPN
cice-11371	3	25	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	3	26	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	3	27	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	3	28	103	103	NUM
cice-11371	3	29	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	3	30	steps	step	NOUN
cice-11371	3	31	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	3	32	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	3	33	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	3	34	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	3	35	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	3	36	john	john	PROPN
cice-11371	3	37	e.	e.	PROPN
cice-11371	3	38	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	3	39	meisei	meisei	PROPN
cice-11371	3	40	university	university	PROPN
cice-11371	3	41	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	3	42	tokyo	tokyo	PROPN
cice-11371	3	43	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	3	44	japan	japan	PROPN
cice-11371	3	45	kate	kate	PROPN
cice-11371	3	46	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	3	47	kanda	kanda	PROPN
cice-11371	3	48	university	university	PROPN
cice-11371	3	49	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	3	50	international	international	PROPN
cice-11371	3	51	studies	study	NOUN
cice-11371	3	52	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	3	53	chiba	chiba	PROPN
cice-11371	3	54	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	3	55	japan	japan	PROPN
cice-11371	3	56	chinese	chinese	PROPN
cice-11371	3	57	elementary	elementary	PROPN
cice-11371	3	58	schools	schools	PROPN
cice-11371	3	59	bear	bear	VERB
cice-11371	3	60	the	the	DET
cice-11371	3	61	task	task	NOUN
cice-11371	3	62	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	3	63	teaching	teach	VERB
cice-11371	3	64	the	the	DET
cice-11371	3	65	largest	large	ADJ
cice-11371	3	66	number	number	NOUN
cice-11371	3	67	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	3	68	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	3	69	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	3	70	the	the	DET
cice-11371	3	71	world	world	NOUN
cice-11371	3	72	to	to	PART
cice-11371	3	73	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	3	74	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	4	1	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	4	2	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	4	3	to	to	PART
cice-11371	4	4	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	4	5	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	4	6	write	write	VERB
cice-11371	4	7	roman	roman	ADJ
cice-11371	4	8	letters	letter	NOUN
cice-11371	4	9	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	4	10	pronounce	pronounce	VERB
cice-11371	4	11	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	4	12	syllables	syllable	NOUN
cice-11371	4	13	before	before	SCONJ
cice-11371	4	14	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	4	15	embark	embark	VERB
cice-11371	4	16	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	4	17	the	the	DET
cice-11371	4	18	long	long	ADJ
cice-11371	4	19	task	task	NOUN
cice-11371	4	20	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	4	21	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	4	22	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	4	23	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	4	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	5	1	this	this	DET
cice-11371	5	2	process	process	NOUN
cice-11371	5	3	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	5	4	followed	follow	VERB
cice-11371	5	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	5	6	order	order	NOUN
cice-11371	5	7	to	to	PART
cice-11371	5	8	construct	construct	VERB
cice-11371	5	9	a	a	DET
cice-11371	5	10	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	5	11	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	5	12	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	5	13	a	a	DET
cice-11371	5	14	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
cice-11371	5	15	diverse	diverse	ADJ
cice-11371	5	16	country	country	NOUN
cice-11371	5	17	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	5	18	numerous	numerous	ADJ
cice-11371	5	19	languages	language	NOUN
cice-11371	5	20	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	5	21	mutually	mutually	ADV
cice-11371	5	22	unintelligible	unintelligible	ADJ
cice-11371	5	23	varieties	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	5	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	6	1	a	a	DET
cice-11371	6	2	central	central	ADJ
cice-11371	6	3	feature	feature	NOUN
cice-11371	6	4	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	6	5	creating	create	VERB
cice-11371	6	6	this	this	DET
cice-11371	6	7	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	6	8	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	6	9	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	6	10	teaching	teach	VERB
cice-11371	6	11	all	all	DET
cice-11371	6	12	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	6	13	year	year	NOUN
cice-11371	6	14	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	6	15	to	to	PART
cice-11371	6	16	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	6	17	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	6	18	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	6	19	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	6	20	's	's	PART
cice-11371	6	21	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	6	22	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	6	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	7	1	as	as	SCONJ
cice-11371	7	2	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	7	3	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	7	4	to	to	PART
cice-11371	7	5	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	7	6	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	7	7	write	write	VERB
cice-11371	7	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	7	9	roman	roman	ADJ
cice-11371	7	10	script	script	NOUN
cice-11371	7	11	used	use	VERB
cice-11371	7	12	to	to	PART
cice-11371	7	13	teach	teach	VERB
cice-11371	7	14	the	the	DET
cice-11371	7	15	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
cice-11371	7	16	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	7	17	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	7	18	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	7	19	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	7	20	become	become	VERB
cice-11371	7	21	aware	aware	ADJ
cice-11371	7	22	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	7	23	differences	difference	NOUN
cice-11371	7	24	between	between	ADP
cice-11371	7	25	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	7	26	local	local	ADJ
cice-11371	7	27	speech	speech	NOUN
cice-11371	7	28	variety	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	7	29	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	7	30	the	the	DET
cice-11371	7	31	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	7	32	standard	standard	NOUN
cice-11371	7	33	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	8	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	8	2	this	this	DET
cice-11371	8	3	process	process	NOUN
cice-11371	8	4	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	8	5	acquiring	acquire	VERB
cice-11371	8	6	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	8	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	8	8	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	8	9	discover	discover	VERB
cice-11371	8	10	not	not	PART
cice-11371	8	11	only	only	ADV
cice-11371	8	12	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	8	13	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	8	14	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	8	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	8	16	but	but	CCONJ
cice-11371	8	17	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	8	18	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	8	19	linked	link	VERB
cice-11371	8	20	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	8	21	global	global	ADJ
cice-11371	8	22	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	8	23	local	local	ADJ
cice-11371	8	24	contexts	context	NOUN
cice-11371	8	25	as	as	ADV
cice-11371	8	26	well	well	ADV
cice-11371	8	27	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	8	28	gender	gender	NOUN
cice-11371	8	29	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	8	30	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	9	1	through	through	ADP
cice-11371	9	2	textbook	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	9	3	illustrations	illustration	NOUN
cice-11371	9	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	9	5	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	9	6	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	9	7	exposed	expose	VERB
cice-11371	9	8	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	9	9	gender	gender	NOUN
cice-11371	9	10	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	9	11	based	base	VERB
cice-11371	9	12	roles	role	NOUN
cice-11371	9	13	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	9	14	depict	depict	VERB
cice-11371	9	15	social	social	ADJ
cice-11371	9	16	realities	reality	NOUN
cice-11371	9	17	instead	instead	ADV
cice-11371	9	18	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	9	19	social	social	ADJ
cice-11371	9	20	ideals	ideal	NOUN
cice-11371	9	21	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	10	1	yet	yet	ADV
cice-11371	10	2	not	not	PART
cice-11371	10	3	all	all	PRON
cice-11371	10	4	have	have	VERB
cice-11371	10	5	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	10	6	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	10	7	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	10	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	10	9	particularly	particularly	ADV
cice-11371	10	10	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	10	11	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	10	12	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	10	13	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	10	14	minority	minority	NOUN
cice-11371	10	15	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	10	16	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	10	17	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	10	18	migrant	migrant	ADJ
cice-11371	10	19	workers	worker	NOUN
cice-11371	10	20	’	’	PART
cice-11371	10	21	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	10	22	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	10	23	the	the	DET
cice-11371	10	24	cities	city	NOUN
cice-11371	10	25	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	11	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	11	2	this	this	DET
cice-11371	11	3	article	article	NOUN
cice-11371	11	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	11	5	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	11	6	first	first	ADV
cice-11371	11	7	describe	describe	VERB
cice-11371	11	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	11	9	process	process	NOUN
cice-11371	11	10	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	11	11	which	which	PRON
cice-11371	11	12	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	11	13	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	11	14	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	11	15	become	become	VERB
cice-11371	11	16	literate	literate	ADJ
cice-11371	11	17	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	11	18	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	11	19	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	12	1	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	12	2	then	then	ADV
cice-11371	12	3	interpret	interpret	VERB
cice-11371	12	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	12	5	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	12	6	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	12	7	process	process	NOUN
cice-11371	12	8	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	12	9	terms	term	NOUN
cice-11371	12	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	12	11	multiple	multiple	ADJ
cice-11371	12	12	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	12	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	13	1	finally	finally	ADV
cice-11371	13	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	13	3	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	13	4	illustrate	illustrate	VERB
cice-11371	13	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	13	6	ways	way	NOUN
cice-11371	13	7	some	some	PRON
cice-11371	13	8	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	13	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	13	10	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	13	11	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	13	12	represented	represent	VERB
cice-11371	13	13	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	13	14	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	13	15	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	13	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	14	1	these	these	DET
cice-11371	14	2	representations	representation	NOUN
cice-11371	14	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
cice-11371	14	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	14	5	enormous	enormous	ADJ
cice-11371	14	6	gap	gap	NOUN
cice-11371	14	7	between	between	ADP
cice-11371	14	8	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	14	9	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	14	10	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	14	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	14	12	realities	reality	NOUN
cice-11371	14	13	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	14	14	most	most	ADJ
cice-11371	14	15	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	14	16	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	14	17	who	who	PRON
cice-11371	14	18	live	live	VERB
cice-11371	14	19	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	14	20	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	14	21	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	14	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	15	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	15	2	material	material	NOUN
cice-11371	15	3	here	here	ADV
cice-11371	15	4	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	15	5	based	base	VERB
cice-11371	15	6	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	15	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	15	8	authors	author	NOUN
cice-11371	15	9	’	’	PART
cice-11371	15	10	study	study	NOUN
cice-11371	15	11	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	15	12	classroom	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	15	13	observation	observation	NOUN
cice-11371	15	14	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	15	15	two	two	NUM
cice-11371	15	16	elementary	elementary	ADJ
cice-11371	15	17	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	15	18	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	15	19	the	the	DET
cice-11371	15	20	city	city	NOUN
cice-11371	15	21	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	15	22	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	15	23	between	between	ADP
cice-11371	15	24	1990	1990	NUM
cice-11371	15	25	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	15	26	1994	1994	NUM
cice-11371	15	27	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	15	28	together	together	ADV
cice-11371	15	29	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	15	30	recent	recent	ADJ
cice-11371	15	31	information	information	NOUN
cice-11371	15	32	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	15	33	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
cice-11371	15	34	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	15	35	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	15	36	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	15	37	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	15	38	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	16	1	since	since	SCONJ
cice-11371	16	2	our	our	PRON
cice-11371	16	3	work	work	NOUN
cice-11371	16	4	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	16	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	16	6	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	16	7	teaching	teaching	NOUN
cice-11371	16	8	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	16	9	universities	university	NOUN
cice-11371	16	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	16	11	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	16	12	sought	seek	VERB
cice-11371	16	13	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
cice-11371	16	14	there	there	ADV
cice-11371	16	15	to	to	PART
cice-11371	16	16	observe	observe	VERB
cice-11371	16	17	the	the	DET
cice-11371	16	18	process	process	NOUN
cice-11371	16	19	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	16	20	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	16	21	to	to	PART
cice-11371	16	22	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	16	23	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	16	24	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	16	25	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	17	1	our	our	PRON
cice-11371	17	2	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	17	3	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
cice-11371	17	4	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	17	5	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
cice-11371	17	6	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	17	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	17	8	jiangsu	jiangsu	PROPN
cice-11371	17	9	province	province	PROPN
cice-11371	17	10	educational	educational	PROPN
cice-11371	17	11	commission	commission	PROPN
cice-11371	17	12	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	18	1	our	our	PRON
cice-11371	18	2	second	second	ADJ
cice-11371	18	3	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
cice-11371	18	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	18	5	as	as	ADV
cice-11371	18	6	well	well	ADV
cice-11371	18	7	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	18	8	our	our	PRON
cice-11371	18	9	observations	observation	NOUN
cice-11371	18	10	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	18	11	a	a	DET
cice-11371	18	12	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
cice-11371	18	13	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	18	14	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	18	15	made	make	VERB
cice-11371	18	16	possible	possible	ADJ
cice-11371	18	17	through	through	ADP
cice-11371	18	18	personal	personal	ADJ
cice-11371	18	19	contacts	contact	NOUN
cice-11371	18	20	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	19	1	finally	finally	ADV
cice-11371	19	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	19	3	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	19	4	two	two	NUM
cice-11371	19	5	years	year	NOUN
cice-11371	19	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	19	7	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	19	8	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	19	9	fortunate	fortunate	ADJ
cice-11371	19	10	to	to	PART
cice-11371	19	11	observe	observe	VERB
cice-11371	19	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	19	13	five	five	NUM
cice-11371	19	14	to	to	PART
cice-11371	19	15	seven	seven	NUM
cice-11371	19	16	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	19	17	week	week	NOUN
cice-11371	19	18	process	process	NOUN
cice-11371	19	19	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	19	20	elementary	elementary	ADJ
cice-11371	19	21	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	19	22	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	19	23	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	19	24	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	19	25	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	19	26	1999	1999	NUM
cice-11371	19	27	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	19	28	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	20	1	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	20	2	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	20	3	throughout	throughout	ADP
cice-11371	20	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	20	5	world	world	NOUN
cice-11371	20	6	do	do	AUX
cice-11371	20	7	not	not	PART
cice-11371	20	8	have	have	VERB
cice-11371	20	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	20	10	privilege	privilege	NOUN
cice-11371	20	11	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	20	12	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	20	13	to	to	PART
cice-11371	20	14	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	20	15	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	20	16	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	20	17	native	native	ADJ
cice-11371	20	18	tongue	tongue	NOUN
cice-11371	20	19	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	21	1	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	21	2	have	have	VERB
cice-11371	21	3	to	to	PART
cice-11371	21	4	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	21	5	to	to	PART
cice-11371	21	6	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	21	7	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	21	8	a	a	DET
cice-11371	21	9	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	21	10	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	21	11	or	or	CCONJ
cice-11371	21	12	lingua	lingua	PROPN
cice-11371	21	13	franca	franca	X
cice-11371	21	14	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	21	15	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	21	16	not	not	PART
cice-11371	21	17	spoken	speak	VERB
cice-11371	21	18	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	21	19	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	21	20	homes	home	NOUN
cice-11371	21	21	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	22	1	this	this	PRON
cice-11371	22	2	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	22	3	because	because	SCONJ
cice-11371	22	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	22	5	status	status	NOUN
cice-11371	22	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	22	7	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	22	8	native	native	ADJ
cice-11371	22	9	variety	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	22	10	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	22	11	either	either	CCONJ
cice-11371	22	12	too	too	ADV
cice-11371	22	13	socially	socially	ADV
cice-11371	22	14	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
cice-11371	22	15	or	or	CCONJ
cice-11371	22	16	politically	politically	ADV
cice-11371	22	17	threatening	threatening	ADJ
cice-11371	22	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	23	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	23	2	most	most	ADJ
cice-11371	23	3	cases	case	NOUN
cice-11371	23	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	23	5	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	23	6	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	23	7	regarded	regard	VERB
cice-11371	23	8	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	23	9	good	good	ADJ
cice-11371	23	10	economic	economic	ADJ
cice-11371	23	11	sense	sense	NOUN
cice-11371	23	12	to	to	PART
cice-11371	23	13	focus	focus	VERB
cice-11371	23	14	educational	educational	ADJ
cice-11371	23	15	energy	energy	NOUN
cice-11371	23	16	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	23	17	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	23	18	to	to	PART
cice-11371	23	19	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	23	20	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	23	21	a	a	DET
cice-11371	23	22	more	more	ADV
cice-11371	23	23	john	john	PROPN
cice-11371	23	24	e.	e.	PROPN
cice-11371	23	25	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	23	26	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	23	27	kate	kate	PROPN
cice-11371	23	28	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	23	29	104	104	NUM
cice-11371	23	30	may	may	PROPN
cice-11371	23	31	12	12	NUM
cice-11371	23	32	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	23	33	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	23	34	dominant	dominant	ADJ
cice-11371	23	35	variety	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	23	36	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	23	37	even	even	ADV
cice-11371	23	38	though	though	SCONJ
cice-11371	23	39	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	23	40	may	may	AUX
cice-11371	23	41	differ	differ	VERB
cice-11371	23	42	a	a	DET
cice-11371	23	43	great	great	ADJ
cice-11371	23	44	deal	deal	NOUN
cice-11371	23	45	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	23	46	the	the	DET
cice-11371	23	47	child	child	NOUN
cice-11371	23	48	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	23	49	native	native	ADJ
cice-11371	23	50	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	23	51	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	24	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	24	2	these	these	DET
cice-11371	24	3	cases	case	NOUN
cice-11371	24	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	24	5	differences	difference	NOUN
cice-11371	24	6	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	24	7	minimized	minimize	VERB
cice-11371	24	8	to	to	PART
cice-11371	24	9	direct	direct	VERB
cice-11371	24	10	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	24	11	to	to	PART
cice-11371	24	12	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	24	13	the	the	DET
cice-11371	24	14	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	24	15	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	24	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	25	1	this	this	DET
cice-11371	25	2	process	process	NOUN
cice-11371	25	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	25	4	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
cice-11371	25	5	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
cice-11371	25	6	unity	unity	NOUN
cice-11371	25	7	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	25	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	25	9	face	face	NOUN
cice-11371	25	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	25	11	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
cice-11371	25	12	diversity	diversity	NOUN
cice-11371	25	13	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	25	14	called	call	VERB
cice-11371	25	15	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	25	16	focussing	focusse	VERB
cice-11371	25	17	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	25	18	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	25	19	robert	robert	PROPN
cice-11371	25	20	lepage	lepage	PROPN
cice-11371	25	21	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	25	22	1964	1964	NUM
cice-11371	25	23	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	25	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	26	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	26	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	26	3	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	26	4	's	's	PART
cice-11371	26	5	republic	republic	NOUN
cice-11371	26	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	26	7	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	26	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	26	9	this	this	DET
cice-11371	26	10	kind	kind	NOUN
cice-11371	26	11	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	26	12	focussing	focusse	VERB
cice-11371	26	13	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	26	14	the	the	DET
cice-11371	26	15	norm	norm	NOUN
cice-11371	26	16	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	26	17	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
cice-11371	26	18	differences	difference	NOUN
cice-11371	26	19	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	26	20	minimized	minimize	VERB
cice-11371	26	21	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	26	22	the	the	DET
cice-11371	26	23	sake	sake	NOUN
cice-11371	26	24	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	26	25	a	a	DET
cice-11371	26	26	common	common	ADJ
cice-11371	26	27	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	26	28	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	26	29	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	26	30	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	26	31	mandarin	mandarin	PROPN
cice-11371	26	32	chinese	chinese	PROPN
cice-11371	26	33	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	26	34	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	27	1	approximately	approximately	ADV
cice-11371	27	2	two	two	NUM
cice-11371	27	3	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	27	4	thirds	third	NOUN
cice-11371	27	5	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	27	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	27	7	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	27	8	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	27	9	varieties	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	27	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	27	11	chinese	chinese	PROPN
cice-11371	27	12	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	27	13	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	27	14	more	more	ADV
cice-11371	27	15	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	27	16	or	or	CCONJ
cice-11371	27	17	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	27	18	less	less	ADV
cice-11371	27	19	intelligible	intelligible	ADJ
cice-11371	27	20	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	27	21	mandarin	mandarin	NOUN
cice-11371	27	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	28	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	28	2	remaining	remain	VERB
cice-11371	28	3	third	third	NOUN
cice-11371	28	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	28	5	including	include	VERB
cice-11371	28	6	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	28	7	who	who	PRON
cice-11371	28	8	live	live	VERB
cice-11371	28	9	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	28	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	28	11	more	more	ADV
cice-11371	28	12	prosperous	prosperous	ADJ
cice-11371	28	13	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	28	14	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	28	15	south	south	PROPN
cice-11371	28	16	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	28	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	28	18	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	28	19	varieties	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	28	20	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	28	21	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	28	22	mutually	mutually	ADV
cice-11371	28	23	unintelligible	unintelligible	ADJ
cice-11371	28	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	29	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	29	2	this	this	DET
cice-11371	29	3	nation	nation	NOUN
cice-11371	29	4	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	29	5	vast	vast	ADJ
cice-11371	29	6	regional	regional	ADJ
cice-11371	29	7	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
cice-11371	29	8	differences	difference	NOUN
cice-11371	29	9	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	29	10	focussing	focusse	VERB
cice-11371	29	11	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	29	12	reflected	reflect	VERB
cice-11371	29	13	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	29	14	the	the	DET
cice-11371	29	15	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	29	16	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	29	17	the	the	DET
cice-11371	29	18	teaching	teaching	NOUN
cice-11371	29	19	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	29	20	reading	read	VERB
cice-11371	29	21	through	through	ADP
cice-11371	29	22	the	the	DET
cice-11371	29	23	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	29	24	variety	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	29	25	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	30	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	30	2	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	30	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	30	4	however	however	ADV
cice-11371	30	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	30	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	30	7	varieties	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	30	8	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	30	9	not	not	PART
cice-11371	30	10	completely	completely	ADV
cice-11371	30	11	ignored	ignore	VERB
cice-11371	30	12	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	31	1	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	31	2	is	be	VERB
cice-11371	31	3	some	some	DET
cice-11371	31	4	realization	realization	NOUN
cice-11371	31	5	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	31	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	31	7	pupils	pupil	NOUN
cice-11371	31	8	'	'	PART
cice-11371	31	9	non	non	ADJ
cice-11371	31	10	-	-	ADJ
cice-11371	31	11	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	31	12	backgrounds	background	NOUN
cice-11371	31	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	32	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
cice-11371	32	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	32	3	a	a	DET
cice-11371	32	4	transitional	transitional	ADJ
cice-11371	32	5	course	course	NOUN
cice-11371	32	6	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	32	7	offered	offer	VERB
cice-11371	32	8	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	32	9	a	a	DET
cice-11371	32	10	kind	kind	NOUN
cice-11371	32	11	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	32	12	an	an	DET
cice-11371	32	13	accommodation	accommodation	NOUN
cice-11371	32	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	33	1	this	this	DET
cice-11371	33	2	course	course	NOUN
cice-11371	33	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	33	4	given	give	VERB
cice-11371	33	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	33	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	33	7	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	33	8	semester	semester	NOUN
cice-11371	33	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	33	10	grade	grade	NOUN
cice-11371	33	11	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	33	12	lasts	last	NOUN
cice-11371	33	13	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	33	14	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	33	15	average	average	ADJ
cice-11371	33	16	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	33	17	six	six	NUM
cice-11371	33	18	weeks	week	NOUN
cice-11371	33	19	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	33	20	four	four	NUM
cice-11371	33	21	hours	hour	NOUN
cice-11371	33	22	a	a	DET
cice-11371	33	23	week	week	NOUN
cice-11371	33	24	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	33	25	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	34	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	34	2	course	course	NOUN
cice-11371	34	3	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	34	4	longer	long	ADJ
cice-11371	34	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	34	6	often	often	ADV
cice-11371	34	7	up	up	ADP
cice-11371	34	8	to	to	PART
cice-11371	34	9	twelve	twelve	NUM
cice-11371	34	10	weeks	week	NOUN
cice-11371	34	11	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	34	12	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	34	13	students	student	NOUN
cice-11371	34	14	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	34	15	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	34	16	where	where	SCONJ
cice-11371	34	17	the	the	DET
cice-11371	34	18	varieties	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	34	19	have	have	VERB
cice-11371	34	20	greater	great	ADJ
cice-11371	34	21	differences	difference	NOUN
cice-11371	34	22	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	34	23	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	34	24	even	even	ADV
cice-11371	34	25	shorter	short	ADJ
cice-11371	34	26	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	34	27	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	34	28	where	where	SCONJ
cice-11371	34	29	the	the	DET
cice-11371	34	30	varieties	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	34	31	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	34	32	more	more	ADV
cice-11371	34	33	similar	similar	ADJ
cice-11371	34	34	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	34	35	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	34	36	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	34	37	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	34	38	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	34	39	1999	1999	NUM
cice-11371	34	40	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	34	41	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	35	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	35	2	this	this	DET
cice-11371	35	3	transitional	transitional	ADJ
cice-11371	35	4	course	course	NOUN
cice-11371	35	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	35	6	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	35	7	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	35	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	35	9	sounds	sound	NOUN
cice-11371	35	10	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	35	11	words	word	NOUN
cice-11371	35	12	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	35	13	the	the	DET
cice-11371	35	14	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	35	15	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	35	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	36	1	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	36	2	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	36	3	to	to	PART
cice-11371	36	4	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	36	5	properly	properly	ADV
cice-11371	36	6	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	36	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	36	8	same	same	ADJ
cice-11371	36	9	time	time	NOUN
cice-11371	36	10	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	36	11	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	36	12	to	to	PART
cice-11371	36	13	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	36	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	37	1	rather	rather	ADV
cice-11371	37	2	than	than	SCONJ
cice-11371	37	3	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	37	4	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	37	5	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	37	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	37	7	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	37	8	own	own	ADJ
cice-11371	37	9	vernacular	vernacular	NOUN
cice-11371	37	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	37	11	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	37	12	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	37	13	required	require	VERB
cice-11371	37	14	to	to	PART
cice-11371	37	15	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	37	16	them	they	PRON
cice-11371	37	17	according	accord	VERB
cice-11371	37	18	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	37	19	the	the	DET
cice-11371	37	20	sounds	sound	NOUN
cice-11371	37	21	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	37	22	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	37	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	38	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
cice-11371	38	2	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	38	3	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	38	4	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	38	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	38	6	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	38	7	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	38	8	channeled	channel	VERB
cice-11371	38	9	through	through	ADP
cice-11371	38	10	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	38	11	or	or	CCONJ
cice-11371	38	12	limited	limit	VERB
cice-11371	38	13	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	38	14	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	38	15	the	the	DET
cice-11371	38	16	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	38	17	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	38	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	39	1	this	this	PRON
cice-11371	39	2	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	39	3	done	do	VERB
cice-11371	39	4	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	39	5	order	order	NOUN
cice-11371	39	6	to	to	PART
cice-11371	39	7	achieve	achieve	VERB
cice-11371	39	8	two	two	NUM
cice-11371	39	9	goals	goal	NOUN
cice-11371	39	10	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	39	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	39	12	ability	ability	NOUN
cice-11371	39	13	to	to	PART
cice-11371	39	14	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	39	15	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	39	16	write	write	VERB
cice-11371	39	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	39	18	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	39	19	the	the	DET
cice-11371	39	20	ability	ability	NOUN
cice-11371	39	21	to	to	PART
cice-11371	39	22	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	39	23	a	a	DET
cice-11371	39	24	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	39	25	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	39	26	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	40	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	40	2	additional	additional	ADJ
cice-11371	40	3	burden	burden	NOUN
cice-11371	40	4	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	40	5	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	40	6	to	to	PART
cice-11371	40	7	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	40	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	40	9	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	40	10	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	40	11	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	40	12	particularly	particularly	ADV
cice-11371	40	13	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	40	14	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	40	15	who	who	PRON
cice-11371	40	16	do	do	AUX
cice-11371	40	17	not	not	PART
cice-11371	40	18	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	40	19	the	the	DET
cice-11371	40	20	standard	standard	NOUN
cice-11371	40	21	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	40	22	home	home	NOUN
cice-11371	40	23	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	40	24	puts	put	VERB
cice-11371	40	25	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	40	26	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	40	27	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	40	28	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	40	29	a	a	DET
cice-11371	40	30	similar	similar	ADJ
cice-11371	40	31	position	position	NOUN
cice-11371	40	32	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	40	33	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	40	34	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	40	35	post	post	ADJ
cice-11371	40	36	-	-	ADJ
cice-11371	40	37	colonial	colonial	ADJ
cice-11371	40	38	societies	society	NOUN
cice-11371	40	39	who	who	PRON
cice-11371	40	40	attend	attend	VERB
cice-11371	40	41	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	40	42	conducted	conduct	VERB
cice-11371	40	43	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	40	44	the	the	DET
cice-11371	40	45	medium	medium	NOUN
cice-11371	40	46	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	40	47	a	a	DET
cice-11371	40	48	foreign	foreign	ADJ
cice-11371	40	49	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	40	50	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	41	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	41	2	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	41	3	lesson	lesson	PROPN
cice-11371	41	4	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	41	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	41	6	where	where	SCONJ
cice-11371	41	7	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	41	8	carried	carry	VERB
cice-11371	41	9	out	out	ADP
cice-11371	41	10	our	our	PRON
cice-11371	41	11	study	study	NOUN
cice-11371	41	12	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	41	13	two	two	NUM
cice-11371	41	14	elementary	elementary	ADJ
cice-11371	41	15	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	41	16	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	41	17	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	41	18	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
cice-11371	41	19	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	41	20	the	the	DET
cice-11371	41	21	lessons	lesson	NOUN
cice-11371	41	22	introducing	introduce	VERB
cice-11371	41	23	the	the	DET
cice-11371	41	24	roman	roman	ADJ
cice-11371	41	25	script	script	NOUN
cice-11371	41	26	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	41	27	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	41	28	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	41	29	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	41	30	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	41	31	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	41	32	do	do	AUX
cice-11371	41	33	not	not	PART
cice-11371	41	34	last	last	VERB
cice-11371	41	35	very	very	ADV
cice-11371	41	36	long	long	ADV
cice-11371	41	37	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	42	1	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	42	2	a	a	DET
cice-11371	42	3	prestigious	prestigious	ADJ
cice-11371	42	4	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	42	5	well	well	ADV
cice-11371	42	6	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	42	7	funded	fund	VERB
cice-11371	42	8	key	key	ADJ
cice-11371	42	9	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	42	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	42	11	five	five	NUM
cice-11371	42	12	weeks	week	NOUN
cice-11371	42	13	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	42	14	allocated	allocate	VERB
cice-11371	42	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	43	1	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	43	2	a	a	DET
cice-11371	43	3	local	local	ADJ
cice-11371	43	4	neighborhood	neighborhood	NOUN
cice-11371	43	5	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	43	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	43	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	43	8	course	course	NOUN
cice-11371	43	9	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	43	10	six	six	NUM
cice-11371	43	11	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	43	12	a	a	DET
cice-11371	43	13	half	half	NOUN
cice-11371	43	14	weeks	week	NOUN
cice-11371	43	15	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	43	16	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	43	17	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	43	18	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	43	19	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	43	20	1999	1999	NUM
cice-11371	43	21	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	43	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	44	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	44	2	shorter	short	ADJ
cice-11371	44	3	time	time	NOUN
cice-11371	44	4	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	44	5	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	44	6	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	44	7	due	due	ADJ
cice-11371	44	8	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	44	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	44	10	nature	nature	NOUN
cice-11371	44	11	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	44	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	44	13	local	local	ADJ
cice-11371	44	14	dialect	dialect	NOUN
cice-11371	44	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	44	16	a	a	DET
cice-11371	44	17	variety	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	44	18	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	44	19	southern	southern	ADJ
cice-11371	44	20	mandarin	mandarin	NOUN
cice-11371	44	21	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	44	22	which	which	PRON
cice-11371	44	23	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	44	24	part	part	NOUN
cice-11371	44	25	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	44	26	the	the	DET
cice-11371	44	27	northern	northern	ADJ
cice-11371	44	28	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	44	29	dialect	dialect	PROPN
cice-11371	44	30	group	group	NOUN
cice-11371	44	31	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	45	1	seen	see	VERB
cice-11371	45	2	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	45	3	the	the	DET
cice-11371	45	4	light	light	NOUN
cice-11371	45	5	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	45	6	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	45	7	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	45	8	vast	vast	ADJ
cice-11371	45	9	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
cice-11371	45	10	variation	variation	NOUN
cice-11371	45	11	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	45	12	nanjinghua	nanjinghua	PROPN
cice-11371	45	13	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	45	14	a	a	DET
cice-11371	45	15	dialect	dialect	NOUN
cice-11371	45	16	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	45	17	does	do	AUX
cice-11371	45	18	not	not	PART
cice-11371	45	19	deviate	deviate	VERB
cice-11371	45	20	greatly	greatly	ADV
cice-11371	45	21	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	45	22	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	45	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	46	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	46	2	relationship	relationship	NOUN
cice-11371	46	3	might	might	AUX
cice-11371	46	4	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	46	5	compared	compare	VERB
cice-11371	46	6	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	46	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	46	8	difference	difference	NOUN
cice-11371	46	9	between	between	ADP
cice-11371	46	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	46	11	english	english	PROPN
cice-11371	46	12	spoken	speak	VERB
cice-11371	46	13	among	among	ADP
cice-11371	46	14	business	business	NOUN
cice-11371	46	15	leaders	leader	NOUN
cice-11371	46	16	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	46	17	downtown	downtown	NOUN
cice-11371	46	18	chicago	chicago	PROPN
cice-11371	46	19	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	46	20	the	the	DET
cice-11371	46	21	english	english	PROPN
cice-11371	46	22	spoken	speak	VERB
cice-11371	46	23	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	46	24	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	46	25	communities	community	NOUN
cice-11371	46	26	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	46	27	queensland	queensland	PROPN
cice-11371	46	28	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	46	29	australia	australia	PROPN
cice-11371	46	30	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	47	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	47	2	addition	addition	NOUN
cice-11371	47	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	47	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	47	5	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	47	6	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	47	7	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	47	8	can	can	AUX
cice-11371	47	9	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	47	10	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	47	11	least	least	ADJ
cice-11371	47	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	47	13	expect	expect	VERB
cice-11371	47	14	a	a	DET
cice-11371	47	15	high	high	ADJ
cice-11371	47	16	degree	degree	NOUN
cice-11371	47	17	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	47	18	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
cice-11371	47	19	homogeneity	homogeneity	NOUN
cice-11371	47	20	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	47	21	the	the	DET
cice-11371	47	22	classroom	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	47	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	48	1	when	when	SCONJ
cice-11371	48	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	48	3	began	begin	VERB
cice-11371	48	4	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	48	5	lessons	lesson	NOUN
cice-11371	48	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	48	7	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	48	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	48	9	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	48	10	exhorted	exhort	VERB
cice-11371	48	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	48	12	importance	importance	NOUN
cice-11371	48	13	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	48	14	a	a	DET
cice-11371	48	15	common	common	ADJ
cice-11371	48	16	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	48	17	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	48	18	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	48	19	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	48	20	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	48	21	provides	provide	VERB
cice-11371	48	22	the	the	DET
cice-11371	48	23	means	mean	NOUN
cice-11371	48	24	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	48	25	which	which	PRON
cice-11371	48	26	everyone	everyone	PRON
cice-11371	48	27	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	48	28	the	the	DET
cice-11371	48	29	nation	nation	NOUN
cice-11371	48	30	communicates	communicate	VERB
cice-11371	48	31	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	49	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	49	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	49	3	further	far	ADV
cice-11371	49	4	pointed	point	VERB
cice-11371	49	5	out	out	ADP
cice-11371	49	6	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	49	7	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	49	8	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	49	9	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	49	10	would	would	AUX
cice-11371	49	11	allow	allow	VERB
cice-11371	49	12	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	49	13	to	to	PART
cice-11371	49	14	recognize	recognize	VERB
cice-11371	49	15	print	print	NOUN
cice-11371	49	16	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	49	17	help	help	VERB
cice-11371	49	18	them	they	PRON
cice-11371	49	19	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	49	20	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	49	21	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	49	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	50	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	50	2	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	50	3	steps	step	NOUN
cice-11371	50	4	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	50	5	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	50	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	50	7	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	50	8	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	50	9	current	current	ADJ
cice-11371	50	10	issues	issue	NOUN
cice-11371	50	11	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	50	12	comparative	comparative	ADJ
cice-11371	50	13	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	50	14	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	50	15	vol.5	vol.5	PROPN
cice-11371	50	16	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	50	17	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	50	18	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	50	19	105	105	NUM
cice-11371	50	20	addition	addition	NOUN
cice-11371	50	21	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	50	22	these	these	DET
cice-11371	50	23	practical	practical	ADJ
cice-11371	50	24	benefits	benefit	NOUN
cice-11371	50	25	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	50	26	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	50	27	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	50	28	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	50	29	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	50	30	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	50	31	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	50	32	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	50	33	is	be	VERB
cice-11371	50	34	a	a	DET
cice-11371	50	35	value	value	NOUN
cice-11371	50	36	attached	attach	VERB
cice-11371	50	37	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	50	38	the	the	DET
cice-11371	50	39	common	common	ADJ
cice-11371	50	40	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	50	41	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	51	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	51	2	value	value	NOUN
cice-11371	51	3	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	51	4	an	an	DET
cice-11371	51	5	aesthetic	aesthetic	ADJ
cice-11371	51	6	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	51	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	52	1	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	52	2	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	52	3	pia4oliang	pia4oliang	PROPN
cice-11371	52	4	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	52	5	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ
cice-11371	52	6	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	52	7	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	52	8	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	52	9	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	52	10	ha3oti1ng	ha3oti1ng	ADJ
cice-11371	52	11	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	52	12	sounds	sound	VERB
cice-11371	52	13	nice	nice	ADJ
cice-11371	52	14	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	52	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	53	1	nanjinghua	nanjinghua	PROPN
cice-11371	53	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	53	3	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	53	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	53	5	other	other	ADJ
cice-11371	53	6	hand	hand	NOUN
cice-11371	53	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	53	8	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	53	9	bu4ha3oti1ng	bu4ha3oti1ng	PROPN
cice-11371	53	10	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	53	11	does	do	AUX
cice-11371	53	12	n’t	not	PART
cice-11371	53	13	sound	sound	VERB
cice-11371	53	14	nice	nice	ADJ
cice-11371	53	15	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	53	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	54	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	54	2	basic	basic	ADJ
cice-11371	54	3	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	54	4	lesson	lesson	NOUN
cice-11371	54	5	can	can	AUX
cice-11371	54	6	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	54	7	summarized	summarize	VERB
cice-11371	54	8	as	as	SCONJ
cice-11371	54	9	follows	follow	VERB
cice-11371	54	10	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	54	11	1	1	X
cice-11371	54	12	.	.	NOUN
cice-11371	54	13	sounds	sound	NOUN
cice-11371	54	14	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	54	15	introduced	introduce	VERB
cice-11371	54	16	together	together	ADV
cice-11371	54	17	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	54	18	individual	individual	ADJ
cice-11371	54	19	letters	letter	NOUN
cice-11371	54	20	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	55	1	chalkboards	chalkboard	NOUN
cice-11371	55	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	55	3	slates	slate	NOUN
cice-11371	55	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	55	5	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	55	6	overhead	overhead	ADJ
cice-11371	55	7	transparencies	transparency	NOUN
cice-11371	55	8	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	55	9	used	use	VERB
cice-11371	55	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	56	1	a.	a.	NOUN
cice-11371	56	2	pupils	pupil	NOUN
cice-11371	56	3	see	see	VERB
cice-11371	56	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	56	5	shapes	shape	NOUN
cice-11371	56	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	56	7	letters	letter	NOUN
cice-11371	56	8	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	56	9	a	a	DET
cice-11371	56	10	visual	visual	ADJ
cice-11371	56	11	metaphor	metaphor	NOUN
cice-11371	56	12	b.	b.	PROPN
cice-11371	56	13	pupils	pupils	PROPN
cice-11371	56	14	hear	hear	VERB
cice-11371	56	15	the	the	DET
cice-11371	56	16	sounds	sound	NOUN
cice-11371	56	17	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	56	18	repeat	repeat	VERB
cice-11371	56	19	after	after	SCONJ
cice-11371	56	20	the	the	DET
cice-11371	56	21	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	56	22	c.	c.	PROPN
cice-11371	56	23	the	the	DET
cice-11371	56	24	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	56	25	presents	present	VERB
cice-11371	56	26	the	the	DET
cice-11371	56	27	place	place	NOUN
cice-11371	56	28	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	56	29	manner	manner	NOUN
cice-11371	56	30	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	56	31	articulation	articulation	NOUN
cice-11371	56	32	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	56	33	means	mean	NOUN
cice-11371	56	34	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	56	35	a	a	DET
cice-11371	56	36	transparency	transparency	NOUN
cice-11371	56	37	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	57	1	d.	d.	PROPN
cice-11371	57	2	if	if	SCONJ
cice-11371	57	3	an	an	DET
cice-11371	57	4	overhead	overhead	ADJ
cice-11371	57	5	projector	projector	NOUN
cice-11371	57	6	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	57	7	unavailable	unavailable	ADJ
cice-11371	57	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	57	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	57	10	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	57	11	introduces	introduce	VERB
cice-11371	57	12	a	a	DET
cice-11371	57	13	rhyme	rhyme	NOUN
cice-11371	57	14	to	to	PART
cice-11371	57	15	help	help	VERB
cice-11371	57	16	young	young	ADJ
cice-11371	57	17	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	57	18	remember	remember	VERB
cice-11371	57	19	how	how	SCONJ
cice-11371	57	20	the	the	DET
cice-11371	57	21	sound	sound	NOUN
cice-11371	57	22	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	57	23	pronounced	pronounce	VERB
cice-11371	57	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	58	1	2	2	X
cice-11371	58	2	.	.	X
cice-11371	58	3	consonants	consonant	NOUN
cice-11371	58	4	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	58	5	vowels	vowel	NOUN
cice-11371	58	6	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	58	7	linked	link	VERB
cice-11371	58	8	to	to	PART
cice-11371	58	9	make	make	VERB
cice-11371	58	10	syllables	syllable	NOUN
cice-11371	58	11	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	59	1	3	3	X
cice-11371	59	2	.	.	X
cice-11371	59	3	tone	tone	NOUN
cice-11371	59	4	diacritics	diacritic	NOUN
cice-11371	59	5	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	59	6	added	add	VERB
cice-11371	59	7	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	59	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	59	9	syllables	syllable	NOUN
cice-11371	59	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	60	1	4	4	X
cice-11371	60	2	.	.	X
cice-11371	60	3	together	together	ADV
cice-11371	60	4	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	60	5	tone	tone	NOUN
cice-11371	60	6	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	60	7	syllable	syllable	NOUN
cice-11371	60	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	60	9	examples	example	NOUN
cice-11371	60	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	60	11	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
cice-11371	60	12	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	60	13	elicited	elicit	VERB
cice-11371	60	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	61	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	61	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	61	3	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	61	4	lesson	lesson	NOUN
cice-11371	61	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	61	6	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	61	7	example	example	NOUN
cice-11371	61	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	61	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	61	10	vowels	vowel	NOUN
cice-11371	61	11	a	a	PRON
cice-11371	61	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	61	13	i	i	PRON
cice-11371	61	14	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	61	15	u	u	PROPN
cice-11371	61	16	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	61	17	o	o	PROPN
cice-11371	61	18	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	61	19	introduced	introduce	VERB
cice-11371	61	20	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	62	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	62	2	illustration	illustration	NOUN
cice-11371	62	3	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	62	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	62	5	textbook	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	62	6	depicts	depict	VERB
cice-11371	62	7	a	a	DET
cice-11371	62	8	doctor	doctor	NOUN
cice-11371	62	9	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	62	10	a	a	DET
cice-11371	62	11	tongue	tongue	NOUN
cice-11371	62	12	suppresser	suppresser	NOUN
cice-11371	62	13	asking	ask	VERB
cice-11371	62	14	a	a	DET
cice-11371	62	15	child	child	NOUN
cice-11371	62	16	to	to	PART
cice-11371	62	17	say	say	VERB
cice-11371	62	18	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	62	19	a	a	DET
cice-11371	62	20	---h	---h	NOUN
cice-11371	62	21	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	62	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	63	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	63	2	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	63	3	points	point	VERB
cice-11371	63	4	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	63	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	63	6	letter	letter	NOUN
cice-11371	63	7	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	63	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	63	9	board	board	NOUN
cice-11371	63	10	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	63	11	then	then	ADV
cice-11371	63	12	vocally	vocally	ADV
cice-11371	63	13	models	model	VERB
cice-11371	63	14	the	the	DET
cice-11371	63	15	sound	sound	NOUN
cice-11371	63	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	64	1	next	next	ADV
cice-11371	64	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	64	3	the	the	DET
cice-11371	64	4	class	class	NOUN
cice-11371	64	5	repeats	repeat	VERB
cice-11371	64	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	64	7	a	a	DET
cice-11371	64	8	chorus	chorus	NOUN
cice-11371	64	9	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	65	1	after	after	ADP
cice-11371	65	2	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	65	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	65	4	individual	individual	ADJ
cice-11371	65	5	pupils	pupil	NOUN
cice-11371	65	6	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	65	7	called	call	VERB
cice-11371	65	8	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	65	9	to	to	PART
cice-11371	65	10	say	say	VERB
cice-11371	65	11	a	a	DET
cice-11371	65	12	sound	sound	NOUN
cice-11371	65	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	66	1	when	when	SCONJ
cice-11371	66	2	asked	ask	VERB
cice-11371	66	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	66	4	each	each	DET
cice-11371	66	5	one	one	NOUN
cice-11371	66	6	stands	stand	VERB
cice-11371	66	7	up	up	ADP
cice-11371	66	8	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	66	9	voices	voice	VERB
cice-11371	66	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	66	11	sound	sound	NOUN
cice-11371	66	12	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	67	1	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	67	2	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	67	3	up	up	ADP
cice-11371	67	4	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	67	5	this	this	DET
cice-11371	67	6	point	point	NOUN
cice-11371	67	7	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	67	8	both	both	DET
cice-11371	67	9	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	67	10	follow	follow	VERB
cice-11371	67	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	67	12	same	same	ADJ
cice-11371	67	13	procedure	procedure	NOUN
cice-11371	67	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	68	1	however	however	ADV
cice-11371	68	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	68	3	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	68	4	here	here	ADV
cice-11371	68	5	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	68	6	is	be	VERB
cice-11371	68	7	a	a	DET
cice-11371	68	8	temporary	temporary	ADJ
cice-11371	68	9	divergence	divergence	NOUN
cice-11371	68	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	69	1	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	69	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	69	3	key	key	ADJ
cice-11371	69	4	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	69	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	69	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	69	7	used	use	VERB
cice-11371	69	8	an	an	DET
cice-11371	69	9	overhead	overhead	ADJ
cice-11371	69	10	projector	projector	NOUN
cice-11371	69	11	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	69	12	a	a	DET
cice-11371	69	13	daily	daily	ADJ
cice-11371	69	14	basis	basis	NOUN
cice-11371	69	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	69	16	thus	thus	ADV
cice-11371	69	17	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
cice-11371	69	18	the	the	DET
cice-11371	69	19	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	69	20	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	69	21	superior	superior	ADJ
cice-11371	69	22	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	69	23	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	69	24	funding	funding	NOUN
cice-11371	69	25	after	after	ADP
cice-11371	69	26	initial	initial	ADJ
cice-11371	69	27	repetition	repetition	NOUN
cice-11371	69	28	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	69	29	the	the	DET
cice-11371	69	30	sound	sound	NOUN
cice-11371	69	31	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	69	32	the	the	DET
cice-11371	69	33	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	69	34	would	would	AUX
cice-11371	69	35	show	show	VERB
cice-11371	69	36	a	a	DET
cice-11371	69	37	transparency	transparency	NOUN
cice-11371	69	38	depicting	depict	VERB
cice-11371	69	39	the	the	DET
cice-11371	69	40	cross	cross	NOUN
cice-11371	69	41	section	section	NOUN
cice-11371	69	42	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	69	43	the	the	DET
cice-11371	69	44	mouth	mouth	NOUN
cice-11371	69	45	indicating	indicate	VERB
cice-11371	69	46	the	the	DET
cice-11371	69	47	position	position	NOUN
cice-11371	69	48	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	69	49	the	the	DET
cice-11371	69	50	tongue	tongue	NOUN
cice-11371	69	51	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	69	52	so	so	SCONJ
cice-11371	69	53	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	69	54	graphically	graphically	ADV
cice-11371	69	55	the	the	DET
cice-11371	69	56	pupils	pupil	NOUN
cice-11371	69	57	could	could	AUX
cice-11371	69	58	observe	observe	VERB
cice-11371	69	59	the	the	DET
cice-11371	69	60	point	point	NOUN
cice-11371	69	61	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	69	62	articulation	articulation	NOUN
cice-11371	69	63	much	much	ADV
cice-11371	69	64	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	69	65	the	the	DET
cice-11371	69	66	same	same	ADJ
cice-11371	69	67	way	way	NOUN
cice-11371	69	68	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	69	69	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
cice-11371	69	70	lessons	lesson	NOUN
cice-11371	69	71	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	69	72	conducted	conduct	VERB
cice-11371	69	73	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	69	74	foreign	foreign	ADJ
cice-11371	69	75	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	69	76	classes	class	NOUN
cice-11371	69	77	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	70	1	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	70	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	70	3	other	other	ADJ
cice-11371	70	4	hand	hand	NOUN
cice-11371	70	5	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	70	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	70	7	neighborhood	neighborhood	NOUN
cice-11371	70	8	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	70	9	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	70	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	70	11	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	70	12	quickly	quickly	ADV
cice-11371	70	13	explains	explain	VERB
cice-11371	70	14	the	the	DET
cice-11371	70	15	place	place	NOUN
cice-11371	70	16	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	70	17	manner	manner	NOUN
cice-11371	70	18	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	70	19	articulation	articulation	NOUN
cice-11371	70	20	without	without	ADP
cice-11371	70	21	visual	visual	ADJ
cice-11371	70	22	aids	aid	NOUN
cice-11371	70	23	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	70	24	but	but	CCONJ
cice-11371	70	25	then	then	ADV
cice-11371	70	26	follows	follow	VERB
cice-11371	70	27	the	the	DET
cice-11371	70	28	explanation	explanation	NOUN
cice-11371	70	29	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	70	30	a	a	DET
cice-11371	70	31	rhyme	rhyme	NOUN
cice-11371	70	32	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	70	33	each	each	DET
cice-11371	70	34	sound	sound	NOUN
cice-11371	70	35	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	1	here	here	ADV
cice-11371	71	2	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	71	3	an	an	DET
cice-11371	71	4	example	example	NOUN
cice-11371	71	5	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	71	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	71	7	rhyme	rhyme	NOUN
cice-11371	71	8	explaining	explain	VERB
cice-11371	71	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	71	10	manner	manner	NOUN
cice-11371	71	11	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	71	12	vowel	vowel	NOUN
cice-11371	71	13	production	production	NOUN
cice-11371	71	14	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	15	john	john	PROPN
cice-11371	71	16	e.	e.	PROPN
cice-11371	71	17	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	71	18	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	71	19	kate	kate	PROPN
cice-11371	71	20	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	71	21	106	106	NUM
cice-11371	71	22	may	may	PROPN
cice-11371	71	23	12	12	NUM
cice-11371	71	24	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	25	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	71	26	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	71	27	ba	ba	NOUN
cice-11371	71	28	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	71	29	yi	yi	NOUN
cice-11371	71	30	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	71	31	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	71	32	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	71	33	zuiba	zuiba	NUM
cice-11371	71	34	yuan	yuan	PROPN
cice-11371	71	35	yuan	yuan	PROPN
cice-11371	71	36	o	o	PROPN
cice-11371	71	37	-	-	PROPN
cice-11371	71	38	o	o	NOUN
cice-11371	71	39	-	-	NOUN
cice-11371	71	40	o	o	NOUN
cice-11371	71	41	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	42	both	both	DET
cice-11371	71	43	lips	lip	NOUN
cice-11371	71	44	round	round	VERB
cice-11371	71	45	round	round	ADJ
cice-11371	71	46	o	o	NOUN
cice-11371	71	47	-	-	NOUN
cice-11371	71	48	o	o	NOUN
cice-11371	71	49	-	-	NOUN
cice-11371	71	50	o	o	NOUN
cice-11371	71	51	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	52	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	71	53	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	71	54	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	71	55	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	71	56	yachi	yachi	NOUN
cice-11371	71	57	duizhi	duizhi	PROPN
cice-11371	71	58	i	i	PROPN
cice-11371	71	59	-	-	PROPN
cice-11371	71	60	i	i	PROPN
cice-11371	71	61	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	62	i	i	PRON
cice-11371	71	63	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	64	up	up	ADP
cice-11371	71	65	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	71	66	the	the	DET
cice-11371	71	67	teeth	tooth	NOUN
cice-11371	71	68	i	i	PROPN
cice-11371	71	69	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	70	i	i	PROPN
cice-11371	71	71	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	72	i	i	PROPN
cice-11371	71	73	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	74	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	71	75	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	71	76	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	71	77	zuiba	zuiba	NOUN
cice-11371	71	78	zhangda	zhangda	VERB
cice-11371	71	79	a	a	PRON
cice-11371	71	80	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	81	a	a	NOUN
cice-11371	71	82	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	83	a	a	DET
cice-11371	71	84	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	85	lips	lip	NOUN
cice-11371	71	86	open	open	ADJ
cice-11371	71	87	wide	wide	ADJ
cice-11371	71	88	a	a	PRON
cice-11371	71	89	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	90	a	a	DET
cice-11371	71	91	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	92	a	a	NOUN
cice-11371	71	93	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	94	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	71	95	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	71	96	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	71	97	zuiba	zuiba	PROPN
cice-11371	71	98	bian	bian	PROPN
cice-11371	71	99	bian	bian	PROPN
cice-11371	71	100	e	e	PROPN
cice-11371	71	101	-	-	PROPN
cice-11371	71	102	e	e	NOUN
cice-11371	71	103	-	-	NOUN
cice-11371	71	104	e	e	ADJ
cice-11371	71	105	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	106	lips	lip	NOUN
cice-11371	71	107	open	open	ADJ
cice-11371	71	108	slightly	slightly	ADV
cice-11371	71	109	e	e	NOUN
cice-11371	71	110	-	-	ADJ
cice-11371	71	111	e	e	ADJ
cice-11371	71	112	-	-	NOUN
cice-11371	71	113	e	e	ADJ
cice-11371	71	114	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	115	phonemic	phonemic	ADJ
cice-11371	71	116	tone	tone	NOUN
cice-11371	71	117	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	71	118	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	71	119	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	71	120	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	71	121	indicated	indicate	VERB
cice-11371	71	122	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	71	123	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	71	124	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	71	125	the	the	DET
cice-11371	71	126	four	four	NUM
cice-11371	71	127	diacritic	diacritic	ADJ
cice-11371	71	128	symbols	symbol	NOUN
cice-11371	71	129	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	130	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	71	131	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	71	132	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	71	133	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	71	134	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	71	135	placed	place	VERB
cice-11371	71	136	over	over	ADP
cice-11371	71	137	a	a	DET
cice-11371	71	138	vowel	vowel	NOUN
cice-11371	71	139	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	71	140	each	each	DET
cice-11371	71	141	syllable	syllable	NOUN
cice-11371	71	142	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	72	1	when	when	SCONJ
cice-11371	72	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	72	3	syllables	syllable	NOUN
cice-11371	72	4	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	72	5	taught	teach	VERB
cice-11371	72	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	72	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	72	8	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	72	9	writes	write	VERB
cice-11371	72	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	72	11	syllable	syllable	NOUN
cice-11371	72	12	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	72	13	the	the	DET
cice-11371	72	14	board	board	NOUN
cice-11371	72	15	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	72	16	then	then	ADV
cice-11371	72	17	elicits	elicit	VERB
cice-11371	72	18	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
cice-11371	72	19	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	73	1	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	73	2	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	73	3	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	73	4	this	this	DET
cice-11371	73	5	point	point	NOUN
cice-11371	73	6	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	73	7	correct	correct	ADJ
cice-11371	73	8	hearing	hearing	NOUN
cice-11371	73	9	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	73	10	production	production	NOUN
cice-11371	73	11	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	73	12	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
cice-11371	73	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	74	1	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	74	2	instance	instance	NOUN
cice-11371	74	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	74	4	if	if	SCONJ
cice-11371	74	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	74	6	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	74	7	presented	present	VERB
cice-11371	74	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	74	9	syllable	syllable	NOUN
cice-11371	74	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	74	11	then	then	ADV
cice-11371	74	12	individual	individual	ADJ
cice-11371	74	13	pupils	pupil	NOUN
cice-11371	74	14	could	could	AUX
cice-11371	74	15	offer	offer	VERB
cice-11371	74	16	sample	sample	NOUN
cice-11371	74	17	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
cice-11371	74	18	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	74	19	saying	say	VERB
cice-11371	74	20	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	74	21	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	74	22	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	74	23	baba	baba	NOUN
cice-11371	74	24	de	de	PROPN
cice-11371	74	25	ba	ba	PROPN
cice-11371	74	26	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	74	27	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	74	28	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	74	29	ba	ba	PROPN
cice-11371	74	30	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	74	31	baba	baba	PROPN
cice-11371	74	32	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	74	33	‘	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	74	34	father	father	NOUN
cice-11371	74	35	’	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	74	36	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	74	37	pupils	pupils	PROPN
cice-11371	74	38	present	present	ADJ
cice-11371	74	39	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
cice-11371	74	40	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	74	41	the	the	DET
cice-11371	74	42	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	74	43	judges	judge	VERB
cice-11371	74	44	whether	whether	SCONJ
cice-11371	74	45	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	74	46	suggestions	suggestion	NOUN
cice-11371	74	47	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	74	48	correct	correct	ADJ
cice-11371	74	49	or	or	CCONJ
cice-11371	74	50	incorrect	incorrect	ADJ
cice-11371	74	51	depending	depend	VERB
cice-11371	74	52	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	74	53	articulation	articulation	NOUN
cice-11371	74	54	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	74	55	tone	tone	NOUN
cice-11371	74	56	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	75	1	introducing	introduce	VERB
cice-11371	75	2	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	75	3	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	75	4	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	75	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	75	6	beginning	beginning	NOUN
cice-11371	75	7	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	75	8	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	75	9	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	75	10	training	training	NOUN
cice-11371	75	11	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	75	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	75	13	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	75	14	elicits	elicit	VERB
cice-11371	75	15	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
cice-11371	75	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	76	1	when	when	SCONJ
cice-11371	76	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	76	3	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	76	4	introduces	introduce	VERB
cice-11371	76	5	a	a	DET
cice-11371	76	6	new	new	ADJ
cice-11371	76	7	syllable	syllable	NOUN
cice-11371	76	8	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	76	9	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	76	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	76	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	76	12	four	four	NUM
cice-11371	76	13	tones	tone	NOUN
cice-11371	76	14	over	over	ADP
cice-11371	76	15	the	the	DET
cice-11371	76	16	vowel	vowel	NOUN
cice-11371	76	17	she	she	PRON
cice-11371	76	18	asks	ask	VERB
cice-11371	76	19	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	76	20	examples	example	NOUN
cice-11371	76	21	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	76	22	context	context	NOUN
cice-11371	76	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	77	1	until	until	ADP
cice-11371	77	2	this	this	DET
cice-11371	77	3	point	point	NOUN
cice-11371	77	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	77	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	77	6	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	77	7	had	have	VERB
cice-11371	77	8	only	only	ADV
cice-11371	77	9	to	to	PART
cice-11371	77	10	contend	contend	VERB
cice-11371	77	11	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	77	12	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
cice-11371	77	13	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	77	14	tone	tone	NOUN
cice-11371	77	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	78	1	any	any	DET
cice-11371	78	2	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
cice-11371	78	3	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	78	4	matched	match	VERB
cice-11371	78	5	sound	sound	NOUN
cice-11371	78	6	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	78	7	tone	tone	NOUN
cice-11371	78	8	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	78	9	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ
cice-11371	78	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	79	1	when	when	SCONJ
cice-11371	79	2	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	79	3	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	79	4	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	79	5	introduced	introduce	VERB
cice-11371	79	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	79	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	79	8	situation	situation	NOUN
cice-11371	79	9	changed	change	VERB
cice-11371	79	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	80	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	80	2	fact	fact	NOUN
cice-11371	80	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	80	4	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	80	5	came	come	VERB
cice-11371	80	6	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	80	7	a	a	DET
cice-11371	80	8	great	great	ADJ
cice-11371	80	9	shock	shock	NOUN
cice-11371	80	10	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	80	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	80	12	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	80	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	81	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	81	2	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	81	3	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	81	4	character	character	NOUN
cice-11371	81	5	introduced	introduce	VERB
cice-11371	81	6	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	81	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	81	8	character	character	NOUN
cice-11371	81	9	一	一	NOUN
cice-11371	81	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	82	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	82	2	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	82	3	asked	ask	VERB
cice-11371	82	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	82	5	pupils	pupil	NOUN
cice-11371	82	6	how	how	SCONJ
cice-11371	82	7	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	82	8	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	82	9	written	write	VERB
cice-11371	82	10	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	82	11	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	82	12	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	82	13	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	82	14	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	82	15	yizi	yizi	NOUN
cice-11371	82	16	zheyand	zheyand	PROPN
cice-11371	82	17	xie	xie	PROPN
cice-11371	82	18	?	?	PROPN
cice-11371	83	1	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	84	1	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	84	2	how	how	SCONJ
cice-11371	84	3	do	do	AUX
cice-11371	84	4	you	you	PRON
cice-11371	84	5	write	write	VERB
cice-11371	84	6	yi	yi	NOUN
cice-11371	84	7	?	?	PUNCT
cice-11371	84	8	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	84	9	using	use	VERB
cice-11371	84	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	84	11	name	name	NOUN
cice-11371	84	12	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	84	13	the	the	DET
cice-11371	84	14	stroke	stroke	NOUN
cice-11371	84	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	84	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	84	17	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	84	18	answered	answer	VERB
cice-11371	84	19	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	84	20	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	84	21	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	84	22	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	84	23	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	84	24	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	84	25	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	84	26	heng	heng	PROPN
cice-11371	85	1	heng	heng	PROPN
cice-11371	85	2	heng	heng	PROPN
cice-11371	85	3	yi	yi	PROPN
cice-11371	85	4	yi	yi	PROPN
cice-11371	85	5	yi	yi	NOUN
cice-11371	85	6	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	85	7	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	85	8	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	85	9	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	85	10	straight	straight	ADV
cice-11371	85	11	across	across	ADV
cice-11371	85	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	85	13	straight	straight	ADV
cice-11371	85	14	across	across	ADV
cice-11371	85	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	85	16	straight	straight	ADV
cice-11371	85	17	across	across	ADP
cice-11371	85	18	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	85	19	yi	yi	PROPN
cice-11371	85	20	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	85	21	yi	yi	PROPN
cice-11371	85	22	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	85	23	yi	yi	PROPN
cice-11371	85	24	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	85	25	next	next	ADP
cice-11371	85	26	the	the	DET
cice-11371	85	27	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	85	28	elicited	elicit	VERB
cice-11371	85	29	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
cice-11371	85	30	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	1	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	86	2	child	child	NOUN
cice-11371	86	3	said	say	VERB
cice-11371	86	4	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	5	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	86	6	steps	step	NOUN
cice-11371	86	7	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	86	8	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	86	9	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	86	10	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	86	11	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	86	12	current	current	ADJ
cice-11371	86	13	issues	issue	NOUN
cice-11371	86	14	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	86	15	comparative	comparative	ADJ
cice-11371	86	16	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	86	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	18	vol.5	vol.5	PROPN
cice-11371	86	19	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	20	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	86	21	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	22	107	107	NUM
cice-11371	86	23	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	86	24	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	86	25	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	86	26	hao	hao	PROPN
cice-11371	86	27	kan	kan	PROPN
cice-11371	86	28	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	86	29	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	86	30	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	86	31	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	86	32	yi	yi	NOUN
cice-11371	86	33	jia	jia	PROPN
cice-11371	86	34	feiji	feiji	PROPN
cice-11371	86	35	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	36	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	86	37	airplane	airplane	NOUN
cice-11371	86	38	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	39	another	another	DET
cice-11371	86	40	child	child	NOUN
cice-11371	86	41	said	say	VERB
cice-11371	86	42	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	43	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	86	44	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	86	45	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	86	46	yi	yi	NOUN
cice-11371	86	47	kuai	kuai	PROPN
cice-11371	86	48	qu	qu	PROPN
cice-11371	86	49	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	50	go	go	VERB
cice-11371	86	51	together	together	ADV
cice-11371	86	52	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	53	a	a	DET
cice-11371	86	54	further	further	ADJ
cice-11371	86	55	child	child	NOUN
cice-11371	86	56	said	say	VERB
cice-11371	86	57	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	58	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	86	59	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	86	60	yifu	yifu	NOUN
cice-11371	86	61	de	de	X
cice-11371	86	62	yi	yi	PROPN
cice-11371	86	63	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	86	64	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	86	65	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	66	yi	yi	PROPN
cice-11371	86	67	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	68	the	the	DET
cice-11371	86	69	yi	yi	NOUN
cice-11371	86	70	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	86	71	clothes	clothe	NOUN
cice-11371	86	72	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	73	the	the	DET
cice-11371	86	74	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	86	75	rejected	reject	VERB
cice-11371	86	76	the	the	DET
cice-11371	86	77	example	example	NOUN
cice-11371	86	78	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	86	79	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	80	clothes	clothe	NOUN
cice-11371	86	81	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	86	82	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	87	1	until	until	ADP
cice-11371	87	2	now	now	ADV
cice-11371	87	3	this	this	DET
cice-11371	87	4	type	type	NOUN
cice-11371	87	5	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	87	6	answer	answer	NOUN
cice-11371	87	7	had	have	AUX
cice-11371	87	8	been	be	AUX
cice-11371	87	9	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
cice-11371	87	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	87	11	but	but	CCONJ
cice-11371	87	12	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	87	13	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	87	14	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	87	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	87	16	semantic	semantic	ADJ
cice-11371	87	17	distinctions	distinction	NOUN
cice-11371	87	18	must	must	AUX
cice-11371	87	19	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	87	20	exercised	exercise	VERB
cice-11371	87	21	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	88	1	both	both	DET
cice-11371	88	2	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	88	3	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	88	4	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	88	5	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	88	6	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	88	7	together	together	ADV
cice-11371	88	8	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	88	9	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	88	10	represented	represent	VERB
cice-11371	88	11	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	88	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	88	13	character	character	NOUN
cice-11371	88	14	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	88	15	一	一	NOUN
cice-11371	88	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	89	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	89	2	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	89	3	two	two	NUM
cice-11371	89	4	examples	example	NOUN
cice-11371	89	5	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	89	6	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ
cice-11371	89	7	even	even	ADV
cice-11371	89	8	though	though	SCONJ
cice-11371	89	9	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	89	10	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	89	11	not	not	PART
cice-11371	89	12	semantically	semantically	ADV
cice-11371	89	13	equivalent	equivalent	ADJ
cice-11371	89	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	90	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	90	2	example	example	NOUN
cice-11371	90	3	provided	provide	VERB
cice-11371	90	4	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	90	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	90	6	third	third	ADJ
cice-11371	90	7	child	child	NOUN
cice-11371	90	8	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	90	9	unacceptable	unacceptable	ADJ
cice-11371	90	10	because	because	SCONJ
cice-11371	90	11	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	90	12	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	90	13	represented	represent	VERB
cice-11371	90	14	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	90	15	the	the	DET
cice-11371	90	16	character	character	NOUN
cice-11371	90	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	90	18	衣	衣	PRON
cice-11371	90	19	not	not	PART
cice-11371	90	20	一	一	NOUN
cice-11371	90	21	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	91	1	this	this	DET
cice-11371	91	2	shift	shift	NOUN
cice-11371	91	3	away	away	ADV
cice-11371	91	4	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	91	5	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
cice-11371	91	6	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	91	7	not	not	PART
cice-11371	91	8	readily	readily	ADV
cice-11371	91	9	understood	understand	VERB
cice-11371	91	10	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	91	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	91	12	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	91	13	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	91	14	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	91	15	least	least	ADJ
cice-11371	91	16	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	91	17	the	the	DET
cice-11371	91	18	few	few	ADJ
cice-11371	91	19	lessons	lesson	NOUN
cice-11371	91	20	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	91	21	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	91	22	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	91	23	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	91	24	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	91	25	observed	observe	VERB
cice-11371	91	26	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	92	1	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	92	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	92	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
cice-11371	92	4	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	92	5	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	92	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	92	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	92	8	pace	pace	NOUN
cice-11371	92	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	92	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	92	11	class	class	NOUN
cice-11371	92	12	slowed	slow	VERB
cice-11371	92	13	down	down	ADP
cice-11371	92	14	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	92	15	now	now	ADV
cice-11371	92	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	92	17	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	92	18	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	92	19	becoming	become	VERB
cice-11371	92	20	genuinely	genuinely	ADV
cice-11371	92	21	literate	literate	ADJ
cice-11371	92	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	93	1	much	much	ADJ
cice-11371	93	2	time	time	NOUN
cice-11371	93	3	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	93	4	spent	spend	VERB
cice-11371	93	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	93	6	each	each	DET
cice-11371	93	7	lesson	lesson	NOUN
cice-11371	93	8	making	make	VERB
cice-11371	93	9	sure	sure	ADJ
cice-11371	93	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	93	11	pupils	pupil	NOUN
cice-11371	93	12	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	93	13	able	able	ADJ
cice-11371	93	14	to	to	PART
cice-11371	93	15	write	write	VERB
cice-11371	93	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	93	17	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	93	18	correctly	correctly	ADV
cice-11371	93	19	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	94	1	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	94	2	began	begin	VERB
cice-11371	94	3	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	94	4	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	94	5	how	how	SCONJ
cice-11371	94	6	to	to	PART
cice-11371	94	7	identify	identify	VERB
cice-11371	94	8	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	94	9	write	write	VERB
cice-11371	94	10	different	different	ADJ
cice-11371	94	11	strokes	stroke	NOUN
cice-11371	94	12	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	94	13	single	single	ADJ
cice-11371	94	14	word	word	NOUN
cice-11371	94	15	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	94	16	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	94	17	these	these	PRON
cice-11371	94	18	being	be	AUX
cice-11371	94	19	the	the	DET
cice-11371	94	20	numbers	number	NOUN
cice-11371	94	21	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	94	22	to	to	PART
cice-11371	94	23	ten	ten	NUM
cice-11371	94	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	95	1	usually	usually	ADV
cice-11371	95	2	new	new	ADJ
cice-11371	95	3	strokes	stroke	NOUN
cice-11371	95	4	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	95	5	presented	present	VERB
cice-11371	95	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	95	7	each	each	DET
cice-11371	95	8	lesson	lesson	NOUN
cice-11371	95	9	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	95	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	95	11	pupils	pupil	NOUN
cice-11371	95	12	practiced	practice	VERB
cice-11371	95	13	writing	write	VERB
cice-11371	95	14	these	these	PRON
cice-11371	95	15	together	together	ADV
cice-11371	95	16	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	95	17	the	the	DET
cice-11371	95	18	new	new	ADJ
cice-11371	95	19	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	95	20	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	96	1	after	after	ADP
cice-11371	96	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	96	3	numbers	number	NOUN
cice-11371	96	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	96	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	96	6	next	next	ADJ
cice-11371	96	7	set	set	NOUN
cice-11371	96	8	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	96	9	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	96	10	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	96	11	ones	one	NOUN
cice-11371	96	12	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	96	13	seemed	seem	VERB
cice-11371	96	14	to	to	PART
cice-11371	96	15	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	96	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	96	17	most	most	ADV
cice-11371	96	18	pictographic	pictographic	ADJ
cice-11371	96	19	such	such	ADJ
cice-11371	96	20	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	96	21	the	the	DET
cice-11371	96	22	single	single	ADJ
cice-11371	96	23	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	96	24	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	96	25	mountain	mountain	NOUN
cice-11371	96	26	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	96	27	山	山	X
cice-11371	96	28	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	96	29	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	96	30	field(田	field(田	NOUN
cice-11371	96	31	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	96	32	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	96	33	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	96	34	soil(土	soil(土	PROPN
cice-11371	96	35	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	96	36	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	97	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	97	2	assumption	assumption	NOUN
cice-11371	97	3	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	97	4	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	97	5	these	these	DET
cice-11371	97	6	single	single	ADJ
cice-11371	97	7	word	word	NOUN
cice-11371	97	8	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	97	9	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	97	10	more	more	ADV
cice-11371	97	11	easily	easily	ADV
cice-11371	97	12	learned	learn	VERB
cice-11371	97	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	98	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	98	2	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	98	3	would	would	AUX
cice-11371	98	4	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	98	5	familiar	familiar	ADJ
cice-11371	98	6	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	98	7	this	this	DET
cice-11371	98	8	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
cice-11371	98	9	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	98	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	98	11	visual	visual	ADJ
cice-11371	98	12	nature	nature	NOUN
cice-11371	98	13	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	98	14	the	the	DET
cice-11371	98	15	character	character	NOUN
cice-11371	98	16	since	since	SCONJ
cice-11371	98	17	a	a	DET
cice-11371	98	18	similar	similar	ADJ
cice-11371	98	19	approach	approach	NOUN
cice-11371	98	20	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	98	21	used	use	VERB
cice-11371	98	22	to	to	PART
cice-11371	98	23	introduce	introduce	VERB
cice-11371	98	24	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	98	25	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	98	26	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	99	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	99	2	each	each	DET
cice-11371	99	3	lesson	lesson	NOUN
cice-11371	99	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	99	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	99	6	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	99	7	wrote	write	VERB
cice-11371	99	8	numerous	numerous	ADJ
cice-11371	99	9	examples	example	NOUN
cice-11371	99	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	99	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	99	12	new	new	ADJ
cice-11371	99	13	character	character	NOUN
cice-11371	99	14	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	99	15	every	every	DET
cice-11371	99	16	time	time	NOUN
cice-11371	99	17	calling	call	VERB
cice-11371	99	18	out	out	ADP
cice-11371	99	19	the	the	DET
cice-11371	99	20	correct	correct	ADJ
cice-11371	99	21	stroke	stroke	NOUN
cice-11371	99	22	order	order	NOUN
cice-11371	99	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	100	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	100	2	pupils	pupil	NOUN
cice-11371	100	3	responded	respond	VERB
cice-11371	100	4	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	100	5	writing	write	VERB
cice-11371	100	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	100	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	100	8	air	air	NOUN
cice-11371	100	9	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	100	10	then	then	ADV
cice-11371	100	11	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	100	12	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	100	13	exercise	exercise	NOUN
cice-11371	100	14	books	book	NOUN
cice-11371	100	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	101	1	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	101	2	was	be	VERB
cice-11371	101	3	much	much	ADJ
cice-11371	101	4	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
cice-11371	101	5	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	101	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	101	7	shape	shape	NOUN
cice-11371	101	8	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	101	9	size	size	NOUN
cice-11371	101	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	101	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	101	12	character	character	NOUN
cice-11371	101	13	as	as	ADV
cice-11371	101	14	well	well	ADV
cice-11371	101	15	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	101	16	spatial	spatial	ADJ
cice-11371	101	17	composition	composition	NOUN
cice-11371	101	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	102	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	102	2	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	102	3	continually	continually	ADV
cice-11371	102	4	urged	urge	VERB
cice-11371	102	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	102	6	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	102	7	to	to	PART
cice-11371	102	8	make	make	VERB
cice-11371	102	9	sure	sure	ADJ
cice-11371	102	10	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	102	11	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	102	12	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	102	13	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	102	14	that	that	ADV
cice-11371	102	15	is	is	ADV
cice-11371	102	16	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	102	17	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	102	18	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	102	19	looked	look	VERB
cice-11371	102	20	good	good	ADJ
cice-11371	102	21	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	102	22	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	103	1	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	103	2	through	through	ADP
cice-11371	103	3	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	103	4	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	103	5	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	103	6	not	not	PART
cice-11371	103	7	just	just	ADV
cice-11371	103	8	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	103	9	to	to	PART
cice-11371	103	10	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	103	11	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	103	12	write	write	VERB
cice-11371	103	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	104	1	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	104	2	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	104	3	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	104	4	about	about	ADP
cice-11371	104	5	acquiring	acquire	VERB
cice-11371	104	6	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	104	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	105	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	105	2	main	main	ADJ
cice-11371	105	3	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	105	4	gained	gain	VERB
cice-11371	105	5	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	105	6	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	105	7	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	105	8	a	a	DET
cice-11371	105	9	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	105	10	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	105	11	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	106	1	historically	historically	ADV
cice-11371	106	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	106	3	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	106	4	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	106	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	106	6	world	world	NOUN
cice-11371	106	7	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	106	8	john	john	PROPN
cice-11371	106	9	e.	e.	PROPN
cice-11371	106	10	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	106	11	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	106	12	kate	kate	PROPN
cice-11371	106	13	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	106	14	108	108	NUM
cice-11371	106	15	may	may	PROPN
cice-11371	106	16	12	12	NUM
cice-11371	106	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	106	18	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	106	19	longest	long	ADJ
cice-11371	106	20	enduring	endure	VERB
cice-11371	106	21	empire	empire	NOUN
cice-11371	106	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	107	1	except	except	SCONJ
cice-11371	107	2	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	107	3	brief	brief	ADJ
cice-11371	107	4	disruptions	disruption	NOUN
cice-11371	107	5	consisting	consist	VERB
cice-11371	107	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	107	7	a	a	DET
cice-11371	107	8	century	century	NOUN
cice-11371	107	9	or	or	CCONJ
cice-11371	107	10	two	two	NUM
cice-11371	107	11	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	107	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	107	13	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	107	14	empire	empire	NOUN
cice-11371	107	15	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	107	16	lasted	last	VERB
cice-11371	107	17	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	107	18	over	over	ADP
cice-11371	107	19	2000	2000	NUM
cice-11371	107	20	years	year	NOUN
cice-11371	107	21	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	108	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	108	2	unity	unity	NOUN
cice-11371	108	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	108	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	108	5	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	108	6	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	108	7	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	108	8	maintained	maintain	VERB
cice-11371	108	9	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	108	10	three	three	NUM
cice-11371	108	11	ways	way	NOUN
cice-11371	108	12	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	108	13	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	108	14	1	1	X
cice-11371	108	15	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	108	16	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	108	17	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	108	18	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	108	19	2	2	X
cice-11371	108	20	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	108	21	wenyan	wenyan	ADJ
cice-11371	108	22	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	108	23	literary	literary	ADJ
cice-11371	108	24	chinese	chinese	PROPN
cice-11371	108	25	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	108	26	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	108	27	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	108	28	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	108	29	guanhua	guanhua	NOUN
cice-11371	108	30	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	108	31	the	the	DET
cice-11371	108	32	speech	speech	NOUN
cice-11371	108	33	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	108	34	the	the	DET
cice-11371	108	35	mandarins	mandarin	NOUN
cice-11371	108	36	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	109	1	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	109	2	these	these	DET
cice-11371	109	3	three	three	NUM
cice-11371	109	4	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
cice-11371	109	5	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
cice-11371	109	6	forces	force	NOUN
cice-11371	109	7	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	109	8	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	109	9	unity	unity	NOUN
cice-11371	109	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	109	11	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	109	12	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	109	13	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	109	14	been	be	AUX
cice-11371	109	15	historically	historically	ADV
cice-11371	109	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	109	17	most	most	ADV
cice-11371	109	18	powerful	powerful	ADJ
cice-11371	109	19	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	110	1	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	110	2	still	still	ADV
cice-11371	110	3	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	110	4	today	today	NOUN
cice-11371	110	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	111	1	since	since	SCONJ
cice-11371	111	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	111	3	1911	1911	NUM
cice-11371	111	4	revolution	revolution	NOUN
cice-11371	111	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	111	6	however	however	ADV
cice-11371	111	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	111	8	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	111	9	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	111	10	been	be	AUX
cice-11371	111	11	a	a	DET
cice-11371	111	12	gradual	gradual	ADJ
cice-11371	111	13	effort	effort	NOUN
cice-11371	111	14	to	to	PART
cice-11371	111	15	reprioritize	reprioritize	VERB
cice-11371	111	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	111	17	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
cice-11371	111	18	forces	force	NOUN
cice-11371	111	19	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	111	20	that	that	ADV
cice-11371	111	21	is	is	ADV
cice-11371	111	22	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	111	23	to	to	PART
cice-11371	111	24	make	make	VERB
cice-11371	111	25	the	the	DET
cice-11371	111	26	spoken	spoken	ADJ
cice-11371	111	27	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	111	28	the	the	DET
cice-11371	111	29	primary	primary	ADJ
cice-11371	111	30	force	force	NOUN
cice-11371	111	31	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	111	32	unity	unity	NOUN
cice-11371	111	33	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	111	34	not	not	PART
cice-11371	111	35	the	the	DET
cice-11371	111	36	written	write	VERB
cice-11371	111	37	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	111	38	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	112	1	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	112	2	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	112	3	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	112	4	this	this	DET
cice-11371	112	5	reason	reason	NOUN
cice-11371	112	6	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	112	7	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	112	8	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	112	9	taught	teach	VERB
cice-11371	112	10	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	112	11	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	112	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	112	13	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	112	14	reading	read	VERB
cice-11371	112	15	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	112	16	writing	writing	NOUN
cice-11371	112	17	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	112	18	taught	teach	VERB
cice-11371	112	19	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	112	20	the	the	DET
cice-11371	112	21	context	context	NOUN
cice-11371	112	22	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	112	23	the	the	DET
cice-11371	112	24	spoken	spoken	ADJ
cice-11371	112	25	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	112	26	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	112	27	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	113	1	this	this	DET
cice-11371	113	2	process	process	NOUN
cice-11371	113	3	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
cice-11371	113	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	113	5	proximity	proximity	NOUN
cice-11371	113	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	113	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	113	8	written	write	VERB
cice-11371	113	9	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	113	10	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	113	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	113	12	spoken	spoken	NOUN
cice-11371	113	13	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	113	14	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	113	15	that	that	DET
cice-11371	113	16	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	113	17	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	113	18	acquired	acquire	VERB
cice-11371	113	19	through	through	ADP
cice-11371	113	20	the	the	DET
cice-11371	113	21	vernacular	vernacular	NOUN
cice-11371	113	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	114	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	114	2	other	other	ADJ
cice-11371	114	3	words	word	NOUN
cice-11371	114	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	114	5	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	114	6	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	114	7	supposed	suppose	VERB
cice-11371	114	8	to	to	PART
cice-11371	114	9	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	114	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	114	11	vernacular	vernacular	NOUN
cice-11371	114	12	through	through	SCONJ
cice-11371	114	13	which	which	DET
cice-11371	114	14	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	114	15	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	114	16	accessed	access	VERB
cice-11371	114	17	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	115	1	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	115	2	becoming	become	VERB
cice-11371	115	3	the	the	DET
cice-11371	115	4	means	mean	NOUN
cice-11371	115	5	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	115	6	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	115	7	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	115	8	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	115	9	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	115	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	115	11	most	most	ADV
cice-11371	115	12	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
cice-11371	115	13	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
cice-11371	115	14	force	force	NOUN
cice-11371	115	15	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	115	16	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	115	17	unity	unity	NOUN
cice-11371	115	18	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	115	19	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	115	20	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	115	21	role	role	NOUN
cice-11371	115	22	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	115	23	promoting	promote	VERB
cice-11371	115	24	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	115	25	unity	unity	NOUN
cice-11371	115	26	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	115	27	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
cice-11371	115	28	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	116	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
cice-11371	116	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	116	3	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	116	4	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	116	5	ministry	ministry	PROPN
cice-11371	116	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	116	7	education	education	PROPN
cice-11371	116	8	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	116	9	projected	project	VERB
cice-11371	116	10	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	116	11	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	116	12	will	will	AUX
cice-11371	116	13	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	116	14	used	use	VERB
cice-11371	116	15	throughout	throughout	ADP
cice-11371	116	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	116	17	country	country	NOUN
cice-11371	116	18	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	116	19	2010	2010	NUM
cice-11371	116	20	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	116	21	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	116	22	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	116	23	to	to	PART
cice-11371	116	24	popularize	popularize	VERB
cice-11371	116	25	mandarin	mandarin	PROPN
cice-11371	116	26	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	116	27	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	116	28	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	116	29	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	116	30	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	117	1	after	after	ADP
cice-11371	117	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	117	3	initial	initial	ADJ
cice-11371	117	4	weeks	week	NOUN
cice-11371	117	5	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	117	6	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	117	7	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	117	8	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	117	9	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	117	10	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	117	11	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	117	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	117	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	117	14	announced	announce	VERB
cice-11371	117	15	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	117	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	117	17	pupils	pupil	NOUN
cice-11371	117	18	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	117	19	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	117	20	would	would	AUX
cice-11371	117	21	now	now	ADV
cice-11371	117	22	begin	begin	VERB
cice-11371	117	23	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	117	24	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	117	25	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	117	26	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	118	1	this	this	DET
cice-11371	118	2	script	script	NOUN
cice-11371	118	3	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	118	4	not	not	PART
cice-11371	118	5	like	like	ADP
cice-11371	118	6	foreign	foreign	ADJ
cice-11371	118	7	scripts	script	NOUN
cice-11371	118	8	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	119	1	this	this	PRON
cice-11371	119	2	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	119	3	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	119	4	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	119	5	own	own	ADJ
cice-11371	119	6	script	script	NOUN
cice-11371	119	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	120	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
cice-11371	120	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	120	3	to	to	PART
cice-11371	120	4	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	120	5	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	120	6	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	120	7	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	120	8	to	to	PART
cice-11371	120	9	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	120	10	identified	identify	VERB
cice-11371	120	11	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	120	12	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	120	13	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	120	14	true	true	ADJ
cice-11371	120	15	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	120	16	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	120	17	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	120	18	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	120	19	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	120	20	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	120	21	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	120	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	121	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	121	2	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	121	3	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	121	4	announcement	announcement	NOUN
cice-11371	121	5	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	121	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	121	7	class	class	NOUN
cice-11371	121	8	underscored	underscore	VERB
cice-11371	121	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	121	10	distinctiveness	distinctiveness	NOUN
cice-11371	121	11	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	121	12	this	this	DET
cice-11371	121	13	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	121	14	when	when	SCONJ
cice-11371	121	15	she	she	PRON
cice-11371	121	16	introduced	introduce	VERB
cice-11371	121	17	the	the	DET
cice-11371	121	18	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	121	19	lesson	lesson	NOUN
cice-11371	121	20	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	121	21	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	121	22	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	121	23	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	121	24	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	121	25	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	121	26	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	121	27	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	121	28	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	121	29	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	121	30	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	121	31	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	121	32	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	121	33	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	121	34	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	121	35	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	121	36	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	121	37	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	121	38	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	121	39	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	121	40	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	121	41	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	121	42	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	121	43	women	woman	NOUN
cice-11371	121	44	shi	shi	PROPN
cice-11371	121	45	zhongguoren	zhongguoren	PROPN
cice-11371	121	46	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	122	1	zhongguo	zhongguo	PROPN
cice-11371	122	2	de	de	PROPN
cice-11371	122	3	wenzi	wenzi	PROPN
cice-11371	122	4	bushi	bushi	PROPN
cice-11371	122	5	qita	qita	PROPN
cice-11371	122	6	guojia	guojia	PROPN
cice-11371	122	7	de	de	X
cice-11371	122	8	wenzi	wenzi	PROPN
cice-11371	122	9	yiyang	yiyang	PROPN
cice-11371	122	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	123	1	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	123	2	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	123	3	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	123	4	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	124	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	124	2	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	124	3	writing	writing	NOUN
cice-11371	124	4	system	system	NOUN
cice-11371	124	5	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	124	6	not	not	PART
cice-11371	124	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	124	8	same	same	ADJ
cice-11371	124	9	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	124	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	124	11	writing	writing	NOUN
cice-11371	124	12	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	124	13	other	other	ADJ
cice-11371	124	14	countries	country	NOUN
cice-11371	124	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	125	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	125	2	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
cice-11371	125	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	125	4	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	125	5	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	125	6	participation	participation	NOUN
cice-11371	125	7	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	125	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	125	9	cultural	cultural	ADJ
cice-11371	125	10	heritage	heritage	NOUN
cice-11371	125	11	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	125	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	125	13	learning	learning	NOUN
cice-11371	125	14	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	125	15	the	the	DET
cice-11371	125	16	strokes	stroke	NOUN
cice-11371	125	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	125	18	stroke	stroke	NOUN
cice-11371	125	19	order	order	NOUN
cice-11371	125	20	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	125	21	radicals	radical	NOUN
cice-11371	125	22	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	125	23	brush	brush	NOUN
cice-11371	125	24	calligraphy	calligraphy	NOUN
cice-11371	125	25	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	125	26	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	125	27	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	125	28	them	they	PRON
cice-11371	125	29	all	all	PRON
cice-11371	125	30	precisely	precisely	ADV
cice-11371	125	31	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	126	1	these	these	PRON
cice-11371	126	2	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	126	3	segments	segment	NOUN
cice-11371	126	4	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	126	5	a	a	DET
cice-11371	126	6	process	process	NOUN
cice-11371	126	7	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	126	8	constitute	constitute	VERB
cice-11371	126	9	a	a	DET
cice-11371	126	10	tradition	tradition	NOUN
cice-11371	126	11	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	126	12	largely	largely	ADV
cice-11371	126	13	unbroken	unbroken	ADJ
cice-11371	126	14	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	126	15	over	over	ADP
cice-11371	126	16	three	three	NUM
cice-11371	126	17	millennia	millennia	NOUN
cice-11371	126	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	127	1	to	to	PART
cice-11371	127	2	participate	participate	VERB
cice-11371	127	3	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	127	4	this	this	DET
cice-11371	127	5	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
cice-11371	127	6	process	process	NOUN
cice-11371	127	7	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	127	8	to	to	PART
cice-11371	127	9	participate	participate	VERB
cice-11371	127	10	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	127	11	a	a	DET
cice-11371	127	12	literate	literate	ADJ
cice-11371	127	13	tradition	tradition	NOUN
cice-11371	127	14	which	which	PRON
cice-11371	127	15	reinforces	reinforce	VERB
cice-11371	127	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	127	17	notion	notion	NOUN
cice-11371	127	18	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	127	19	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cice-11371	127	20	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	127	21	the	the	DET
cice-11371	127	22	script	script	NOUN
cice-11371	127	23	brings	bring	VERB
cice-11371	127	24	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	127	25	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	127	26	the	the	DET
cice-11371	127	27	entire	entire	ADJ
cice-11371	127	28	literary	literary	ADJ
cice-11371	127	29	tradition	tradition	NOUN
cice-11371	127	30	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	128	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	128	2	addition	addition	NOUN
cice-11371	128	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	128	4	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	128	5	accessing	access	VERB
cice-11371	128	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	128	7	tradition	tradition	NOUN
cice-11371	128	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	128	9	a	a	DET
cice-11371	128	10	person	person	NOUN
cice-11371	128	11	assumes	assume	VERB
cice-11371	128	12	a	a	DET
cice-11371	128	13	greater	great	ADJ
cice-11371	128	14	moral	moral	ADJ
cice-11371	128	15	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
cice-11371	128	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	129	1	identifying	identify	VERB
cice-11371	129	2	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	129	3	the	the	DET
cice-11371	129	4	nation	nation	NOUN
cice-11371	129	5	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	129	6	history	history	NOUN
cice-11371	129	7	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	129	8	its	its	PRON
cice-11371	129	9	culture	culture	NOUN
cice-11371	129	10	presupposes	presuppose	VERB
cice-11371	129	11	a	a	DET
cice-11371	129	12	degree	degree	NOUN
cice-11371	129	13	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	129	14	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cice-11371	129	15	about	about	ADP
cice-11371	129	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	129	17	literary	literary	ADJ
cice-11371	129	18	tradition	tradition	NOUN
cice-11371	129	19	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	130	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
cice-11371	130	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	130	3	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	130	4	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	130	5	seen	see	VERB
cice-11371	130	6	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	130	7	prestigious	prestigious	ADJ
cice-11371	130	8	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	131	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	131	2	motivation	motivation	NOUN
cice-11371	131	3	to	to	PART
cice-11371	131	4	acquire	acquire	VERB
cice-11371	131	5	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	131	6	may	may	AUX
cice-11371	131	7	not	not	PART
cice-11371	131	8	only	only	ADV
cice-11371	131	9	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	131	10	an	an	DET
cice-11371	131	11	attraction	attraction	NOUN
cice-11371	131	12	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	131	13	the	the	DET
cice-11371	131	14	prestige	prestige	NOUN
cice-11371	131	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	131	16	but	but	CCONJ
cice-11371	131	17	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	131	18	a	a	DET
cice-11371	131	19	fear	fear	NOUN
cice-11371	131	20	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	131	21	shame	shame	NOUN
cice-11371	131	22	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	131	23	having	having	AUX
cice-11371	131	24	not	not	PART
cice-11371	131	25	acquired	acquire	VERB
cice-11371	131	26	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	131	27	or	or	CCONJ
cice-11371	131	28	having	having	AUX
cice-11371	131	29	not	not	PART
cice-11371	131	30	acquired	acquire	VERB
cice-11371	131	31	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	131	32	properly	properly	ADV
cice-11371	131	33	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	132	1	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	132	2	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	132	3	not	not	PART
cice-11371	132	4	only	only	ADV
cice-11371	132	5	among	among	ADP
cice-11371	132	6	elementary	elementary	ADJ
cice-11371	132	7	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	132	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	132	9	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	132	10	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	132	11	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	132	12	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	132	13	observed	observe	VERB
cice-11371	132	14	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
cice-11371	132	15	towards	towards	ADP
cice-11371	132	16	precision	precision	NOUN
cice-11371	132	17	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	133	1	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN
cice-11371	133	2	frequently	frequently	ADV
cice-11371	133	3	ran	run	VERB
cice-11371	133	4	articles	article	NOUN
cice-11371	133	5	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	133	6	prescriptive	prescriptive	ADJ
cice-11371	133	7	advice	advice	NOUN
cice-11371	133	8	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	133	9	proper	proper	ADJ
cice-11371	133	10	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
cice-11371	133	11	expression	expression	NOUN
cice-11371	133	12	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	133	13	zhu	zhu	PROPN
cice-11371	133	14	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	133	15	1991	1991	NUM
cice-11371	133	16	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	133	17	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	134	1	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	134	2	zhejiang	zhejiang	PROPN
cice-11371	134	3	normal	normal	PROPN
cice-11371	134	4	university	university	PROPN
cice-11371	134	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	134	6	jinhua	jinhua	PROPN
cice-11371	134	7	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	134	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	134	9	wu	wu	PROPN
cice-11371	134	10	dialect	dialect	PROPN
cice-11371	134	11	group	group	NOUN
cice-11371	134	12	area	area	NOUN
cice-11371	134	13	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	134	14	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	134	15	example	example	NOUN
cice-11371	134	16	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	134	17	every	every	DET
cice-11371	134	18	classroom	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	134	19	door	door	NOUN
cice-11371	134	20	had	have	VERB
cice-11371	134	21	a	a	DET
cice-11371	134	22	label	label	NOUN
cice-11371	134	23	painted	paint	VERB
cice-11371	134	24	�	�	PROPN
cice-11371	134	25	普通	普通	NOUN
cice-11371	134	26	�	�	PROPN
cice-11371	134	27	写	写	NOUN
cice-11371	134	28	�	�	PROPN
cice-11371	134	29	范字	范字	ADP
cice-11371	134	30	‘	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	134	31	speak	speak	ADJ
cice-11371	134	32	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	134	33	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	134	34	write	write	VERB
cice-11371	134	35	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	134	36	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	134	37	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	134	38	’	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	135	1	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	135	2	were	be	VERB
cice-11371	135	3	even	even	ADV
cice-11371	135	4	billboards	billboard	NOUN
cice-11371	135	5	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	135	6	this	this	DET
cice-11371	135	7	slogan	slogan	NOUN
cice-11371	135	8	around	around	ADP
cice-11371	135	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	135	10	campus	campus	NOUN
cice-11371	135	11	to	to	PART
cice-11371	135	12	remind	remind	VERB
cice-11371	135	13	students	student	NOUN
cice-11371	135	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	136	1	another	another	DET
cice-11371	136	2	label	label	NOUN
cice-11371	136	3	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	136	4	observed	observe	VERB
cice-11371	136	5	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	136	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	136	7	campus	campus	NOUN
cice-11371	136	8	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	136	9	普通	普通	ADP
cice-11371	136	10	�	�	PROPN
cice-11371	136	11	是教	是教	NOUN
cice-11371	136	12	�	�	PROPN
cice-11371	136	13	�	�	PROPN
cice-11371	136	14	�	�	PROPN
cice-11371	136	15	�	�	PROPN
cice-11371	136	16	言	言	X
cice-11371	136	17	‘	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	136	18	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	136	19	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	136	20	the	the	DET
cice-11371	136	21	professional	professional	ADJ
cice-11371	136	22	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	136	23	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	136	24	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	136	25	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	136	26	’	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	137	1	these	these	DET
cice-11371	137	2	kinds	kind	NOUN
cice-11371	137	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	137	4	reminders	reminder	NOUN
cice-11371	137	5	indicate	indicate	VERB
cice-11371	137	6	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	137	7	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	137	8	are	be	VERB
cice-11371	137	9	degrees	degree	NOUN
cice-11371	137	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	137	11	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	137	12	steps	step	NOUN
cice-11371	137	13	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	137	14	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	137	15	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	137	16	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	137	17	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	137	18	current	current	ADJ
cice-11371	137	19	issues	issue	NOUN
cice-11371	137	20	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	137	21	comparative	comparative	ADJ
cice-11371	137	22	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	137	23	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	137	24	vol.5	vol.5	PROPN
cice-11371	137	25	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	137	26	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	137	27	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	137	28	109	109	NUM
cice-11371	137	29	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	137	30	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	137	31	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	137	32	1	1	NUM
cice-11371	137	33	4	4	NUM
cice-11371	137	34	nanfang	nanfang	PROPN
cice-11371	137	35	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	137	36	resistance	resistance	PROPN
cice-11371	137	37	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	137	38	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	137	39	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	137	40	forms	form	NOUN
cice-11371	137	41	both	both	CCONJ
cice-11371	137	42	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	137	43	speech	speech	NOUN
cice-11371	137	44	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	137	45	writing	writing	NOUN
cice-11371	137	46	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	137	47	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	137	48	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	137	49	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	137	50	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	137	51	1999	1999	NUM
cice-11371	137	52	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	137	53	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	138	1	who	who	PRON
cice-11371	138	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	138	3	then	then	ADV
cice-11371	138	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	138	5	speaks	speak	VERB
cice-11371	138	6	precise	precise	ADJ
cice-11371	138	7	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	138	8	?	?	PUNCT
cice-11371	139	1	although	although	SCONJ
cice-11371	139	2	beijing	beijing	PROPN
cice-11371	139	3	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	139	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	139	5	center	center	NOUN
cice-11371	139	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	139	7	government	government	NOUN
cice-11371	139	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	139	9	its	its	PRON
cice-11371	139	10	residents	resident	NOUN
cice-11371	139	11	do	do	AUX
cice-11371	139	12	not	not	PART
cice-11371	139	13	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
cice-11371	139	14	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	139	15	precise	precise	ADJ
cice-11371	139	16	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	139	17	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	140	1	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	140	2	are	be	VERB
cice-11371	140	3	distinctive	distinctive	ADJ
cice-11371	140	4	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
cice-11371	140	5	features	feature	NOUN
cice-11371	140	6	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	140	7	characterize	characterize	VERB
cice-11371	140	8	beijing	beijing	NOUN
cice-11371	140	9	speech	speech	NOUN
cice-11371	140	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	141	1	yet	yet	ADV
cice-11371	141	2	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	141	3	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	141	4	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	141	5	remark	remark	VERB
cice-11371	141	6	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	141	7	residents	resident	NOUN
cice-11371	141	8	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	141	9	northeastern	northeastern	ADJ
cice-11371	141	10	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	141	11	speak	speak	PROPN
cice-11371	141	12	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	141	13	most	most	ADV
cice-11371	141	14	accurately	accurately	ADV
cice-11371	141	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	142	1	regardless	regardless	ADV
cice-11371	142	2	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	142	3	these	these	DET
cice-11371	142	4	informal	informal	ADJ
cice-11371	142	5	observations	observation	NOUN
cice-11371	142	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	142	7	precise	precise	PROPN
cice-11371	142	8	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	142	9	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	142	10	not	not	PART
cice-11371	142	11	marked	mark	VERB
cice-11371	142	12	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	142	13	a	a	DET
cice-11371	142	14	specific	specific	ADJ
cice-11371	142	15	region	region	NOUN
cice-11371	142	16	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	142	17	except	except	SCONJ
cice-11371	142	18	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	142	19	certain	certain	ADJ
cice-11371	142	20	regional	regional	ADJ
cice-11371	142	21	varieties	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	142	22	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	142	23	seen	see	VERB
cice-11371	142	24	to	to	PART
cice-11371	142	25	have	have	VERB
cice-11371	142	26	a	a	DET
cice-11371	142	27	closer	close	ADJ
cice-11371	142	28	proximity	proximity	NOUN
cice-11371	142	29	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	143	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	143	2	precise	precise	ADJ
cice-11371	143	3	use	use	NOUN
cice-11371	143	4	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	143	5	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	143	6	remains	remain	VERB
cice-11371	143	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	143	8	domain	domain	NOUN
cice-11371	143	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	143	10	media	medium	NOUN
cice-11371	143	11	professionals	professional	NOUN
cice-11371	143	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	143	13	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	143	14	elementary	elementary	ADJ
cice-11371	143	15	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	143	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	143	17	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	143	18	pupils	pupil	NOUN
cice-11371	143	19	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	144	1	as	as	SCONJ
cice-11371	144	2	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	144	3	move	move	VERB
cice-11371	144	4	up	up	ADP
cice-11371	144	5	through	through	ADP
cice-11371	144	6	elementary	elementary	ADJ
cice-11371	144	7	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	144	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	144	9	children	children	PROPN
cice-11371	144	10	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	144	11	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	144	12	skills	skill	NOUN
cice-11371	144	13	gradually	gradually	ADV
cice-11371	144	14	cease	cease	VERB
cice-11371	144	15	to	to	PART
cice-11371	144	16	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	144	17	precise	precise	ADJ
cice-11371	144	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	145	1	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	145	2	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	145	3	increases	increase	NOUN
cice-11371	145	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	145	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	145	6	focus	focus	NOUN
cice-11371	145	7	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	145	8	precision	precision	NOUN
cice-11371	145	9	shifts	shift	NOUN
cice-11371	145	10	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	145	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	145	12	dual	dual	ADJ
cice-11371	145	13	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
cice-11371	145	14	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	145	15	speech	speech	NOUN
cice-11371	145	16	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	145	17	writing	write	VERB
cice-11371	145	18	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	145	19	only	only	ADJ
cice-11371	145	20	precision	precision	VERB
cice-11371	145	21	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	145	22	writing	writing	NOUN
cice-11371	145	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	146	1	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	146	2	lower	low	ADJ
cice-11371	146	3	middle	middle	PROPN
cice-11371	146	4	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	146	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	146	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	146	7	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	146	8	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	146	9	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	146	10	varying	vary	VERB
cice-11371	146	11	degrees	degree	NOUN
cice-11371	146	12	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	146	13	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
cice-11371	146	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	147	1	when	when	SCONJ
cice-11371	147	2	observing	observe	VERB
cice-11371	147	3	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	147	4	writing	writing	NOUN
cice-11371	147	5	classes	class	NOUN
cice-11371	147	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	147	7	an	an	DET
cice-11371	147	8	upper	upper	ADJ
cice-11371	147	9	middle	middle	ADJ
cice-11371	147	10	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	147	11	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	147	12	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	147	13	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	147	14	the	the	DET
cice-11371	147	15	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	147	16	spoke	speak	VERB
cice-11371	147	17	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	147	18	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	147	19	such	such	DET
cice-11371	147	20	a	a	DET
cice-11371	147	21	strong	strong	ADJ
cice-11371	147	22	local	local	ADJ
cice-11371	147	23	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
cice-11371	147	24	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	147	25	his	his	PRON
cice-11371	147	26	lectures	lecture	NOUN
cice-11371	147	27	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	147	28	almost	almost	ADV
cice-11371	147	29	entirely	entirely	ADV
cice-11371	147	30	unintelligible	unintelligible	ADJ
cice-11371	147	31	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	147	32	us	we	PRON
cice-11371	147	33	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	148	1	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	148	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	148	3	tendency	tendency	NOUN
cice-11371	148	4	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	148	5	families	family	NOUN
cice-11371	148	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	148	7	neighbors	neighbor	NOUN
cice-11371	148	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	148	9	as	as	ADV
cice-11371	148	10	well	well	ADV
cice-11371	148	11	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	148	12	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	148	13	to	to	PART
cice-11371	148	14	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	148	15	the	the	DET
cice-11371	148	16	local	local	ADJ
cice-11371	148	17	variety	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	148	18	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	148	19	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	148	20	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	148	21	natural	natural	ADJ
cice-11371	148	22	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	148	23	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	148	24	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	148	25	as	as	SCONJ
cice-11371	148	26	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	148	27	get	get	VERB
cice-11371	148	28	older	old	ADJ
cice-11371	148	29	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	148	30	lose	lose	VERB
cice-11371	148	31	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	148	32	precision	precision	NOUN
cice-11371	148	33	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	148	34	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	148	35	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
cice-11371	148	36	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	149	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
cice-11371	149	2	its	its	PRON
cice-11371	149	3	official	official	ADJ
cice-11371	149	4	status	status	NOUN
cice-11371	149	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	149	6	precise	precise	ADJ
cice-11371	149	7	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	149	8	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	149	9	not	not	PART
cice-11371	149	10	seen	see	VERB
cice-11371	149	11	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	149	12	particularly	particularly	ADV
cice-11371	149	13	prestigious	prestigious	ADJ
cice-11371	149	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	150	1	this	this	PRON
cice-11371	150	2	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
cice-11371	150	3	a	a	DET
cice-11371	150	4	strong	strong	ADJ
cice-11371	150	5	tendency	tendency	NOUN
cice-11371	150	6	toward	toward	ADP
cice-11371	150	7	solidarity	solidarity	NOUN
cice-11371	150	8	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	151	1	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	151	2	tend	tend	VERB
cice-11371	151	3	to	to	PART
cice-11371	151	4	identify	identify	VERB
cice-11371	151	5	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	151	6	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	151	7	locality	locality	NOUN
cice-11371	151	8	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	151	9	thus	thus	ADV
cice-11371	151	10	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	151	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	151	12	local	local	ADJ
cice-11371	151	13	vernacular	vernacular	NOUN
cice-11371	151	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	152	1	if	if	SCONJ
cice-11371	152	2	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	152	3	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	152	4	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	152	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	152	6	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	152	7	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	152	8	done	do	VERB
cice-11371	152	9	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	152	10	local	local	ADJ
cice-11371	152	11	phonological	phonological	ADJ
cice-11371	152	12	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
cice-11371	152	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	153	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	153	2	southern	southern	ADJ
cice-11371	153	3	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	153	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	153	5	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	153	6	often	often	ADV
cice-11371	153	7	describe	describe	VERB
cice-11371	153	8	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	153	9	putonghua	putonghua	NOUN
cice-11371	153	10	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	153	11	南方普通	南方普通	PROPN
cice-11371	153	12	�	�	PROPN
cice-11371	153	13	‘	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	153	14	southern	southern	ADJ
cice-11371	153	15	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	153	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	153	17	’	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	154	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	154	2	view	view	NOUN
cice-11371	154	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	154	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	154	5	local	local	ADJ
cice-11371	154	6	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
cice-11371	154	7	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	154	8	most	most	ADJ
cice-11371	154	9	speakers	speaker	NOUN
cice-11371	154	10	’	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	154	11	use	use	NOUN
cice-11371	154	12	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	154	13	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	154	14	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	154	15	the	the	DET
cice-11371	154	16	question	question	NOUN
cice-11371	154	17	remains	remain	VERB
cice-11371	154	18	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	154	19	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	154	20	the	the	DET
cice-11371	154	21	degree	degree	NOUN
cice-11371	154	22	to	to	PART
cice-11371	154	23	which	which	PRON
cice-11371	154	24	speakers	speaker	NOUN
cice-11371	154	25	must	must	AUX
cice-11371	154	26	code	code	NOUN
cice-11371	154	27	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	154	28	switch	switch	NOUN
cice-11371	154	29	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	155	1	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	155	2	speakers	speaker	NOUN
cice-11371	155	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	155	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	155	5	mutually	mutually	ADV
cice-11371	155	6	unintelligible	unintelligible	ADJ
cice-11371	155	7	dialect	dialect	NOUN
cice-11371	155	8	groups	group	NOUN
cice-11371	155	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	155	10	southern	southern	ADJ
cice-11371	155	11	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	155	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	155	13	code	code	NOUN
cice-11371	155	14	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	155	15	switching	switching	NOUN
cice-11371	155	16	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	155	17	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	155	18	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	155	19	like	like	ADP
cice-11371	155	20	switching	switch	VERB
cice-11371	155	21	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	155	22	a	a	DET
cice-11371	155	23	foreign	foreign	ADJ
cice-11371	155	24	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	155	25	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	156	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	156	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
cice-11371	156	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	156	4	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	156	5	residents	resident	NOUN
cice-11371	156	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	156	7	beijing	beijing	PROPN
cice-11371	156	8	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	156	9	parts	part	NOUN
cice-11371	156	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	156	11	northern	northern	ADJ
cice-11371	156	12	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	156	13	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	156	14	codeswitching	codeswitche	VERB
cice-11371	156	15	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	156	16	minimal	minimal	ADJ
cice-11371	156	17	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	157	1	some	some	DET
cice-11371	157	2	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	157	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	157	4	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	157	5	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	157	6	trying	try	VERB
cice-11371	157	7	to	to	PART
cice-11371	157	8	address	address	VERB
cice-11371	157	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	157	10	resistance	resistance	NOUN
cice-11371	157	11	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	157	12	using	use	VERB
cice-11371	157	13	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	157	14	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	157	15	forms	form	NOUN
cice-11371	157	16	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	157	17	offering	offer	VERB
cice-11371	157	18	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
cice-11371	157	19	motivation	motivation	NOUN
cice-11371	157	20	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	158	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	158	2	town	town	NOUN
cice-11371	158	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	158	4	huaxi	huaxi	NOUN
cice-11371	158	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	158	6	southern	southern	ADJ
cice-11371	158	7	jiangsu	jiangsu	PROPN
cice-11371	158	8	province	province	PROPN
cice-11371	158	9	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	158	10	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	158	11	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	158	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	158	13	wu	wu	PROPN
cice-11371	158	14	dialect	dialect	PROPN
cice-11371	158	15	group	group	NOUN
cice-11371	158	16	area	area	NOUN
cice-11371	158	17	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	158	18	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	158	19	successfully	successfully	ADV
cice-11371	158	20	taken	take	VERB
cice-11371	158	21	advantage	advantage	NOUN
cice-11371	158	22	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	158	23	the	the	DET
cice-11371	158	24	economic	economic	ADJ
cice-11371	158	25	reforms	reform	NOUN
cice-11371	158	26	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	158	27	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	158	28	become	become	VERB
cice-11371	158	29	wealthy	wealthy	ADJ
cice-11371	158	30	both	both	CCONJ
cice-11371	158	31	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	158	32	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
cice-11371	158	33	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	158	34	industry	industry	NOUN
cice-11371	158	35	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	159	1	to	to	PART
cice-11371	159	2	encourage	encourage	VERB
cice-11371	159	3	more	more	ADJ
cice-11371	159	4	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	159	5	to	to	PART
cice-11371	159	6	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	159	7	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	159	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	159	9	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	159	10	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	159	11	offered	offer	VERB
cice-11371	159	12	a	a	DET
cice-11371	159	13	salary	salary	NOUN
cice-11371	159	14	increase	increase	NOUN
cice-11371	159	15	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	159	16	those	those	PRON
cice-11371	159	17	who	who	PRON
cice-11371	159	18	can	can	AUX
cice-11371	159	19	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	159	20	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	159	21	well	well	ADV
cice-11371	159	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	160	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	160	2	increase	increase	NOUN
cice-11371	160	3	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	160	4	doubled	double	VERB
cice-11371	160	5	if	if	SCONJ
cice-11371	160	6	a	a	DET
cice-11371	160	7	person	person	NOUN
cice-11371	160	8	can	can	AUX
cice-11371	160	9	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	160	10	speak	speak	VERB
cice-11371	160	11	a	a	DET
cice-11371	160	12	foreign	foreign	ADJ
cice-11371	160	13	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	160	14	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	160	15	fu	fu	ADJ
cice-11371	160	16	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	160	17	1992	1992	NUM
cice-11371	160	18	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	160	19	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	161	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	161	2	addition	addition	NOUN
cice-11371	161	3	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	161	4	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	161	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	161	6	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	161	7	skills	skill	NOUN
cice-11371	161	8	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	161	9	used	use	VERB
cice-11371	161	10	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	161	11	an	an	DET
cice-11371	161	12	incentive	incentive	NOUN
cice-11371	161	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	162	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	162	2	response	response	NOUN
cice-11371	162	3	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	162	4	increasing	increase	VERB
cice-11371	162	5	numbers	number	NOUN
cice-11371	162	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	162	7	women	woman	NOUN
cice-11371	162	8	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	162	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	162	10	provinces	province	NOUN
cice-11371	162	11	who	who	PRON
cice-11371	162	12	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	162	13	marrying	marry	VERB
cice-11371	162	14	beijing	beijing	NOUN
cice-11371	162	15	men	man	NOUN
cice-11371	162	16	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	162	17	city	city	NOUN
cice-11371	162	18	residents	resident	NOUN
cice-11371	162	19	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	162	20	supporting	support	VERB
cice-11371	162	21	a	a	DET
cice-11371	162	22	plan	plan	NOUN
cice-11371	162	23	to	to	PART
cice-11371	162	24	test	test	VERB
cice-11371	162	25	these	these	DET
cice-11371	162	26	women	woman	NOUN
cice-11371	162	27	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	162	28	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	162	29	skills	skill	NOUN
cice-11371	162	30	before	before	SCONJ
cice-11371	162	31	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	162	32	receive	receive	VERB
cice-11371	162	33	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	162	34	residency	residency	NOUN
cice-11371	162	35	permits	permit	NOUN
cice-11371	162	36	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	162	37	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	162	38	efforts	effort	NOUN
cice-11371	162	39	made	make	VERB
cice-11371	162	40	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	162	41	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	162	42	1991	1991	NUM
cice-11371	162	43	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	162	44	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	163	1	these	these	DET
cice-11371	163	2	attempts	attempt	NOUN
cice-11371	163	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
cice-11371	163	4	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	163	5	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	163	6	other	other	ADJ
cice-11371	163	7	than	than	ADP
cice-11371	163	8	a	a	DET
cice-11371	163	9	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	163	10	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	163	11	exist	exist	VERB
cice-11371	163	12	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	164	1	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	164	2	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	164	3	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	164	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	164	5	grade	grade	NOUN
cice-11371	164	6	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	164	7	classroom	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	164	8	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	164	9	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	164	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	164	11	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	164	12	social	social	ADJ
cice-11371	164	13	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	164	14	cultural	cultural	ADJ
cice-11371	164	15	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	164	16	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	164	17	not	not	PART
cice-11371	164	18	limited	limit	VERB
cice-11371	164	19	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	164	20	the	the	DET
cice-11371	164	21	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	164	22	context	context	NOUN
cice-11371	164	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	165	1	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	165	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	165	3	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	165	4	day	day	NOUN
cice-11371	165	5	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	165	6	began	begin	VERB
cice-11371	165	7	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	165	8	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	165	9	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	165	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	165	11	several	several	ADJ
cice-11371	165	12	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	165	13	pointed	point	VERB
cice-11371	165	14	out	out	ADP
cice-11371	165	15	the	the	DET
cice-11371	165	16	similarity	similarity	NOUN
cice-11371	165	17	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	165	18	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	165	19	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	165	20	letters	letter	NOUN
cice-11371	165	21	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	165	22	the	the	DET
cice-11371	165	23	letters	letter	NOUN
cice-11371	165	24	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	165	25	foreign	foreign	ADJ
cice-11371	165	26	languages	language	NOUN
cice-11371	165	27	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	166	1	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	166	2	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	166	3	pointed	point	VERB
cice-11371	166	4	out	out	ADP
cice-11371	166	5	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	166	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	166	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cice-11371	166	8	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	166	9	these	these	DET
cice-11371	166	10	letters	letter	NOUN
cice-11371	166	11	would	would	AUX
cice-11371	166	12	help	help	VERB
cice-11371	166	13	them	they	PRON
cice-11371	166	14	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	166	15	foreign	foreign	ADJ
cice-11371	166	16	languages	language	NOUN
cice-11371	166	17	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	167	1	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	167	2	further	far	ADV
cice-11371	167	3	suggested	suggest	VERB
cice-11371	167	4	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	167	5	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cice-11371	167	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	167	7	foreign	foreign	PROPN
cice-11371	167	8	john	john	PROPN
cice-11371	167	9	e.	e.	PROPN
cice-11371	167	10	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	167	11	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	167	12	kate	kate	PROPN
cice-11371	167	13	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	167	14	110	110	NUM
cice-11371	167	15	may	may	PROPN
cice-11371	167	16	12	12	NUM
cice-11371	167	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	167	18	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	167	19	languages	language	NOUN
cice-11371	167	20	can	can	AUX
cice-11371	167	21	lead	lead	VERB
cice-11371	167	22	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	167	23	tangible	tangible	ADJ
cice-11371	167	24	benefits	benefit	NOUN
cice-11371	167	25	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	168	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	168	2	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	168	3	a	a	DET
cice-11371	168	4	roman	roman	ADJ
cice-11371	168	5	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN
cice-11371	168	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	168	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	168	8	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	168	9	perceived	perceive	VERB
cice-11371	168	10	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	168	11	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	168	12	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	168	13	assuming	assume	VERB
cice-11371	168	14	an	an	DET
cice-11371	168	15	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	168	16	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	168	17	the	the	DET
cice-11371	168	18	global	global	ADJ
cice-11371	168	19	context	context	NOUN
cice-11371	168	20	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	169	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	169	2	presence	presence	NOUN
cice-11371	169	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	169	4	english	english	PROPN
cice-11371	169	5	this	this	DET
cice-11371	169	6	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	169	7	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	169	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	169	9	global	global	ADJ
cice-11371	169	10	context	context	NOUN
cice-11371	169	11	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	169	12	further	far	ADV
cice-11371	169	13	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
cice-11371	169	14	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	169	15	the	the	DET
cice-11371	169	16	fact	fact	NOUN
cice-11371	169	17	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	169	18	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	169	19	firstgraders	firstgrader	NOUN
cice-11371	169	20	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	169	21	already	already	ADV
cice-11371	169	22	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	169	23	english	english	PROPN
cice-11371	169	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	170	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	170	2	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	170	3	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	170	4	classroom	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	170	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	170	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	170	7	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	170	8	asked	ask	VERB
cice-11371	170	9	how	how	SCONJ
cice-11371	170	10	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	170	11	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	170	12	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	170	13	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	170	14	english	english	PROPN
cice-11371	170	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	170	16	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	170	17	out	out	ADP
cice-11371	170	18	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	170	19	a	a	DET
cice-11371	170	20	class	class	NOUN
cice-11371	170	21	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	170	22	55	55	NUM
cice-11371	170	23	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	170	24	14	14	NUM
cice-11371	170	25	raised	raise	VERB
cice-11371	170	26	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	170	27	hands	hand	NOUN
cice-11371	170	28	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	171	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	171	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	171	3	mid-1990s	mid-1990	NOUN
cice-11371	171	4	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	171	5	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	171	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	171	7	english	english	ADJ
cice-11371	171	8	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	171	9	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	171	10	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	171	11	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	171	12	done	do	VERB
cice-11371	171	13	privately	privately	ADV
cice-11371	171	14	after	after	ADP
cice-11371	171	15	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	171	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	172	1	english	english	PROPN
cice-11371	172	2	lessons	lesson	NOUN
cice-11371	172	3	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	172	4	part	part	NOUN
cice-11371	172	5	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	172	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	172	7	string	string	NOUN
cice-11371	172	8	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	172	9	extra	extra	ADJ
cice-11371	172	10	-	-	ADJ
cice-11371	172	11	curricular	curricular	ADJ
cice-11371	172	12	activities	activity	NOUN
cice-11371	172	13	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	172	14	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	172	15	proliferating	proliferate	VERB
cice-11371	172	16	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	172	17	the	the	DET
cice-11371	172	18	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	172	19	only	only	ADJ
cice-11371	172	20	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	172	21	including	include	VERB
cice-11371	172	22	piano	piano	NOUN
cice-11371	172	23	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	172	24	ballet	ballet	NOUN
cice-11371	172	25	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	172	26	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	172	27	soccer	soccer	NOUN
cice-11371	172	28	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	173	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	173	2	a	a	DET
cice-11371	173	3	recent	recent	ADJ
cice-11371	173	4	trip	trip	NOUN
cice-11371	173	5	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	173	6	shanghai	shanghai	PROPN
cice-11371	173	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	173	8	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	173	9	found	find	VERB
cice-11371	173	10	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	173	11	english	english	PROPN
cice-11371	173	12	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	173	13	become	become	VERB
cice-11371	173	14	a	a	DET
cice-11371	173	15	part	part	NOUN
cice-11371	173	16	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	173	17	the	the	DET
cice-11371	173	18	city	city	NOUN
cice-11371	173	19	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	173	20	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	173	21	grade	grade	NOUN
cice-11371	173	22	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
cice-11371	173	23	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	173	24	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	173	25	published	publish	VERB
cice-11371	173	26	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	173	27	oxford	oxford	PROPN
cice-11371	173	28	university	university	PROPN
cice-11371	173	29	press	press	NOUN
cice-11371	173	30	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	174	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
cice-11371	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	174	3	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	174	4	found	find	VERB
cice-11371	174	5	test	test	NOUN
cice-11371	174	6	preparation	preparation	NOUN
cice-11371	174	7	books	book	NOUN
cice-11371	174	8	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	174	9	entrance	entrance	NOUN
cice-11371	174	10	exams	exam	NOUN
cice-11371	174	11	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	174	12	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	174	13	famous	famous	ADJ
cice-11371	174	14	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	174	15	elementary	elementary	ADJ
cice-11371	174	16	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	174	17	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	174	18	shanghai	shanghai	PROPN
cice-11371	174	19	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	175	1	according	accord	VERB
cice-11371	175	2	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	175	3	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	175	4	book	book	NOUN
cice-11371	175	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	175	6	mingpai	mingpai	NOUN
cice-11371	175	7	xiaoxue	xiaoxue	PROPN
cice-11371	175	8	ruxue	ruxue	PROPN
cice-11371	175	9	ceshi	ceshi	PROPN
cice-11371	175	10	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	175	11	wang	wang	PROPN
cice-11371	175	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	175	13	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	175	14	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	175	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	175	16	kindergartners	kindergartner	NOUN
cice-11371	175	17	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	175	18	expected	expect	VERB
cice-11371	175	19	know	know	VERB
cice-11371	175	20	basic	basic	ADJ
cice-11371	175	21	english	english	ADJ
cice-11371	175	22	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
cice-11371	175	23	like	like	ADP
cice-11371	175	24	the	the	DET
cice-11371	175	25	names	name	NOUN
cice-11371	175	26	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	175	27	fruit	fruit	NOUN
cice-11371	175	28	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	175	29	household	household	NOUN
cice-11371	175	30	furniture	furniture	NOUN
cice-11371	175	31	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	175	32	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	175	33	appliances	appliance	NOUN
cice-11371	175	34	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	175	35	as	as	ADV
cice-11371	175	36	well	well	ADV
cice-11371	175	37	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	175	38	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	175	39	out	out	ADP
cice-11371	175	40	poems	poem	NOUN
cice-11371	175	41	like	like	ADP
cice-11371	175	42	the	the	DET
cice-11371	175	43	happy	happy	ADJ
cice-11371	175	44	birthday	birthday	NOUN
cice-11371	175	45	song	song	NOUN
cice-11371	175	46	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	175	47	all	all	DET
cice-11371	175	48	this	this	PRON
cice-11371	175	49	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	175	50	addition	addition	NOUN
cice-11371	175	51	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	175	52	knowing	know	VERB
cice-11371	175	53	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	175	54	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	175	55	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	175	56	most	most	ADJ
cice-11371	175	57	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	175	58	the	the	DET
cice-11371	175	59	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	175	60	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	175	61	grade	grade	NOUN
cice-11371	175	62	level	level	NOUN
cice-11371	175	63	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	175	64	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	175	65	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	176	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	176	2	our	our	PRON
cice-11371	176	3	classroom	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	176	4	observations	observation	NOUN
cice-11371	176	5	during	during	ADP
cice-11371	176	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	176	7	1990s	1990s	NUM
cice-11371	176	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	176	9	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	176	10	noticed	notice	VERB
cice-11371	176	11	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	176	12	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	176	13	offered	offer	VERB
cice-11371	176	14	english	english	ADJ
cice-11371	176	15	words	word	NOUN
cice-11371	176	16	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	176	17	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	176	18	vocabulary	vocabulary	PROPN
cice-11371	176	19	examples	example	NOUN
cice-11371	176	20	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	177	1	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	177	2	instance	instance	NOUN
cice-11371	177	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	177	4	when	when	SCONJ
cice-11371	177	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	177	6	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	177	7	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	177	8	teaching	teach	VERB
cice-11371	177	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	177	10	syllable	syllable	NOUN
cice-11371	177	11	‘	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	177	12	lou	lou	X
cice-11371	177	13	’	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	177	14	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	177	15	elicited	elicit	VERB
cice-11371	177	16	examples	example	NOUN
cice-11371	177	17	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	177	18	the	the	DET
cice-11371	177	19	class	class	NOUN
cice-11371	177	20	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	177	21	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	177	22	child	child	NOUN
cice-11371	177	23	said	say	VERB
cice-11371	177	24	‘	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	177	25	hello	hello	PROPN
cice-11371	177	26	de	de	X
cice-11371	177	27	lou	lou	PROPN
cice-11371	177	28	’	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	177	29	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	178	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	178	2	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	178	3	did	do	AUX
cice-11371	178	4	not	not	PART
cice-11371	178	5	correct	correct	VERB
cice-11371	178	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	178	7	child	child	NOUN
cice-11371	178	8	saying	say	VERB
cice-11371	178	9	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	178	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	178	11	word	word	NOUN
cice-11371	178	12	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	178	13	not	not	PART
cice-11371	178	14	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	178	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	179	1	instead	instead	ADV
cice-11371	179	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	179	3	child	child	NOUN
cice-11371	179	4	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	179	5	praised	praise	VERB
cice-11371	179	6	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	180	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	180	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
cice-11371	180	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	180	4	if	if	SCONJ
cice-11371	180	5	a	a	DET
cice-11371	180	6	child	child	NOUN
cice-11371	180	7	offered	offer	VERB
cice-11371	180	8	a	a	DET
cice-11371	180	9	dialect	dialect	ADJ
cice-11371	180	10	word	word	NOUN
cice-11371	180	11	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	180	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	180	13	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	180	14	would	would	AUX
cice-11371	180	15	scold	scold	VERB
cice-11371	180	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	180	17	child	child	NOUN
cice-11371	180	18	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	180	19	ask	ask	VERB
cice-11371	180	20	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	180	21	the	the	DET
cice-11371	180	22	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	180	23	rendition	rendition	NOUN
cice-11371	180	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	181	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	181	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	181	3	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	181	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	181	5	english	english	PROPN
cice-11371	181	6	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	181	7	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ
cice-11371	181	8	but	but	CCONJ
cice-11371	181	9	dialect	dialect	NOUN
cice-11371	181	10	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	181	11	not	not	PART
cice-11371	181	12	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	182	1	although	although	SCONJ
cice-11371	182	2	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	182	3	felt	feel	VERB
cice-11371	182	4	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	182	5	even	even	ADV
cice-11371	182	6	though	though	SCONJ
cice-11371	182	7	english	english	PROPN
cice-11371	182	8	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	182	9	not	not	PART
cice-11371	182	10	part	part	NOUN
cice-11371	182	11	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	182	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	182	13	official	official	ADJ
cice-11371	182	14	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	182	15	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	182	16	grade	grade	NOUN
cice-11371	182	17	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
cice-11371	182	18	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	182	19	the	the	DET
cice-11371	182	20	time	time	NOUN
cice-11371	182	21	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	182	22	its	its	PRON
cice-11371	182	23	presence	presence	NOUN
cice-11371	182	24	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	182	25	evident	evident	ADJ
cice-11371	182	26	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	182	27	the	the	DET
cice-11371	182	28	attitude	attitude	NOUN
cice-11371	182	29	toward	toward	ADP
cice-11371	182	30	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	182	31	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	182	32	positive	positive	ADJ
cice-11371	182	33	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	183	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
cice-11371	183	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	183	3	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	183	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	183	5	design	design	NOUN
cice-11371	183	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	183	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	183	8	cover	cover	NOUN
cice-11371	183	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	183	10	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	183	11	to	to	PART
cice-11371	183	12	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	183	13	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	183	14	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	183	15	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	183	16	sociolinguistic	sociolinguistic	ADJ
cice-11371	183	17	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
cice-11371	183	18	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	183	19	the	the	DET
cice-11371	183	20	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
cice-11371	183	21	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	183	22	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	183	23	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	183	24	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	183	25	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	183	26	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	183	27	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	183	28	1999	1999	NUM
cice-11371	183	29	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	183	30	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	183	31	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	183	32	added	add	VERB
cice-11371	183	33	english	english	PROPN
cice-11371	183	34	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	183	35	part	part	NOUN
cice-11371	183	36	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	183	37	the	the	DET
cice-11371	183	38	total	total	ADJ
cice-11371	183	39	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	183	40	package	package	NOUN
cice-11371	183	41	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	183	42	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	183	43	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	183	44	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	183	45	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	183	46	—	—	PUNCT
cice-11371	183	47	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	183	48	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	183	49	—	—	PUNCT
cice-11371	183	50	漢字	漢字	NOUN
cice-11371	183	51	—	—	PUNCT
cice-11371	183	52	english	english	ADJ
cice-11371	183	53	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	184	1	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	184	2	is	be	VERB
cice-11371	184	3	even	even	ADV
cice-11371	184	4	more	more	ADJ
cice-11371	184	5	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cice-11371	184	6	today	today	NOUN
cice-11371	184	7	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	184	8	this	this	DET
cice-11371	184	9	four	four	NUM
cice-11371	184	10	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	184	11	part	part	NOUN
cice-11371	184	12	description	description	NOUN
cice-11371	184	13	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	184	14	early	early	ADJ
cice-11371	184	15	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	184	16	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	184	17	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	184	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	185	1	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	185	2	although	although	SCONJ
cice-11371	185	3	instruction	instruction	NOUN
cice-11371	185	4	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	185	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	185	6	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	185	7	values	value	NOUN
cice-11371	185	8	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	185	9	parents	parent	NOUN
cice-11371	185	10	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	185	11	important	important	ADJ
cice-11371	185	12	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	185	13	shaping	shape	VERB
cice-11371	185	14	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	185	15	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	185	16	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	185	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	185	18	images	image	NOUN
cice-11371	185	19	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	185	20	the	the	DET
cice-11371	185	21	media	medium	NOUN
cice-11371	185	22	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	185	23	play	play	VERB
cice-11371	185	24	a	a	DET
cice-11371	185	25	role	role	NOUN
cice-11371	185	26	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	185	27	reinforcing	reinforce	VERB
cice-11371	185	28	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	185	29	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	186	1	selecting	select	VERB
cice-11371	186	2	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	186	3	medium	medium	NOUN
cice-11371	186	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	186	5	illustrations	illustration	NOUN
cice-11371	186	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	186	7	elementary	elementary	ADJ
cice-11371	186	8	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	186	9	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	186	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	186	11	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	186	12	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	186	13	analyzed	analyze	VERB
cice-11371	186	14	not	not	PART
cice-11371	186	15	only	only	ADV
cice-11371	186	16	those	those	PRON
cice-11371	186	17	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	186	18	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	186	19	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	186	20	use	use	NOUN
cice-11371	186	21	during	during	ADP
cice-11371	186	22	our	our	PRON
cice-11371	186	23	study	study	NOUN
cice-11371	186	24	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	186	25	the	the	DET
cice-11371	186	26	1990s	1990s	NUM
cice-11371	186	27	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	186	28	but	but	CCONJ
cice-11371	186	29	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	186	30	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	186	31	compared	compare	VERB
cice-11371	186	32	them	they	PRON
cice-11371	186	33	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	186	34	recently	recently	ADV
cice-11371	186	35	published	publish	VERB
cice-11371	186	36	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	186	37	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	187	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	187	2	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	187	3	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	187	4	observed	observe	VERB
cice-11371	187	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	187	6	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	187	7	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	187	8	part	part	NOUN
cice-11371	187	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	187	10	a	a	DET
cice-11371	187	11	privileged	privileged	ADJ
cice-11371	187	12	elite	elite	NOUN
cice-11371	187	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	188	1	this	this	DET
cice-11371	188	2	privilege	privilege	NOUN
cice-11371	188	3	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	188	4	based	base	VERB
cice-11371	188	5	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	188	6	where	where	SCONJ
cice-11371	188	7	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	188	8	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	188	9	born	bear	VERB
cice-11371	188	10	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	188	11	live	live	VERB
cice-11371	188	12	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	189	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	189	2	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	189	3	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	189	4	full	full	ADJ
cice-11371	189	5	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	189	6	illustrations	illustration	NOUN
cice-11371	189	7	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	189	8	this	this	DET
cice-11371	189	9	elite	elite	NOUN
cice-11371	189	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	190	1	similar	similar	ADJ
cice-11371	190	2	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	190	3	books	book	NOUN
cice-11371	190	4	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	190	5	other	other	ADJ
cice-11371	190	6	subjects	subject	NOUN
cice-11371	190	7	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	190	8	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	190	9	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	190	10	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	190	11	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	190	12	1998	1998	NUM
cice-11371	190	13	;	;	PUNCT
cice-11371	190	14	kwong	kwong	PROPN
cice-11371	190	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	190	16	1985	1985	NUM
cice-11371	190	17	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	190	18	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	190	19	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	190	20	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	190	21	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	190	22	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	190	23	the	the	DET
cice-11371	190	24	1980s	1980	NOUN
cice-11371	190	25	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	190	26	1990s	1990	NOUN
cice-11371	190	27	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	190	28	full	full	ADJ
cice-11371	190	29	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	190	30	images	image	NOUN
cice-11371	190	31	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	190	32	a	a	DET
cice-11371	190	33	happy	happy	ADJ
cice-11371	190	34	childhood	childhood	NOUN
cice-11371	190	35	–	–	PUNCT
cice-11371	190	36	but	but	CCONJ
cice-11371	190	37	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	190	38	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	190	39	an	an	DET
cice-11371	190	40	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	190	41	childhood	childhood	NOUN
cice-11371	190	42	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	191	1	when	when	SCONJ
cice-11371	191	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	191	3	books	book	NOUN
cice-11371	191	4	depict	depict	VERB
cice-11371	191	5	life	life	NOUN
cice-11371	191	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	191	7	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	191	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	191	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	191	10	majority	majority	NOUN
cice-11371	191	11	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	191	12	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	191	13	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	191	14	women	woman	NOUN
cice-11371	191	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	192	1	women	woman	NOUN
cice-11371	192	2	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	192	3	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	192	4	shown	show	VERB
cice-11371	192	5	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	192	6	home	home	NOUN
cice-11371	192	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	192	8	generally	generally	ADV
cice-11371	192	9	doing	do	VERB
cice-11371	192	10	housework	housework	NOUN
cice-11371	192	11	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	192	12	help	help	NOUN
cice-11371	192	13	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	192	14	a	a	DET
cice-11371	192	15	daughter	daughter	NOUN
cice-11371	192	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	193	1	boys	boy	NOUN
cice-11371	193	2	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	193	3	never	never	ADV
cice-11371	193	4	shown	show	VERB
cice-11371	193	5	helping	help	VERB
cice-11371	193	6	out	out	ADP
cice-11371	193	7	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	193	8	home	home	NOUN
cice-11371	193	9	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	193	10	yet	yet	CCONJ
cice-11371	193	11	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	193	12	relax	relax	VERB
cice-11371	193	13	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	193	14	home	home	NOUN
cice-11371	193	15	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	193	16	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	193	17	steps	step	NOUN
cice-11371	193	18	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	193	19	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	193	20	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	193	21	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	193	22	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	193	23	current	current	ADJ
cice-11371	193	24	issues	issue	NOUN
cice-11371	193	25	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	193	26	comparative	comparative	ADJ
cice-11371	193	27	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	193	28	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	193	29	vol.5	vol.5	PROPN
cice-11371	193	30	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	193	31	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	193	32	)	)	SYM
cice-11371	193	33	111	111	NUM
cice-11371	193	34	watching	watch	VERB
cice-11371	193	35	tv	tv	NOUN
cice-11371	193	36	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	193	37	reading	reading	NOUN
cice-11371	193	38	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	193	39	or	or	CCONJ
cice-11371	193	40	practicing	practice	VERB
cice-11371	193	41	a	a	DET
cice-11371	193	42	hobby	hobby	NOUN
cice-11371	193	43	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	194	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	194	2	general	general	ADJ
cice-11371	194	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	194	4	boys	boy	NOUN
cice-11371	194	5	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	194	6	men	man	NOUN
cice-11371	194	7	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	194	8	represented	represent	VERB
cice-11371	194	9	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	194	10	active	active	ADJ
cice-11371	194	11	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	194	12	outgoing	outgoing	ADJ
cice-11371	194	13	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	194	14	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	194	15	contrast	contrast	NOUN
cice-11371	194	16	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	194	17	women	woman	NOUN
cice-11371	194	18	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	194	19	girls	girl	NOUN
cice-11371	194	20	who	who	PRON
cice-11371	194	21	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	194	22	portrayed	portray	VERB
cice-11371	194	23	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	194	24	being	be	AUX
cice-11371	194	25	more	more	ADV
cice-11371	194	26	passive	passive	ADJ
cice-11371	194	27	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	195	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	195	2	new	new	ADJ
cice-11371	195	3	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	195	4	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	195	5	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	195	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	195	7	yuwen	yuwen	NOUN
cice-11371	195	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	195	9	published	publish	VERB
cice-11371	195	10	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	195	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	195	12	jiangsu	jiangsu	PROPN
cice-11371	195	13	provincial	provincial	ADJ
cice-11371	195	14	education	education	PROPN
cice-11371	195	15	commission	commission	NOUN
cice-11371	195	16	differ	differ	VERB
cice-11371	195	17	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	195	18	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	195	19	respects	respect	NOUN
cice-11371	195	20	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	195	21	those	those	PRON
cice-11371	195	22	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	195	23	previous	previous	ADJ
cice-11371	195	24	years	year	NOUN
cice-11371	195	25	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	195	26	zhang	zhang	PROPN
cice-11371	195	27	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	195	28	zhu	zhu	PROPN
cice-11371	195	29	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	195	30	1999	1999	NUM
cice-11371	195	31	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	195	32	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	196	1	to	to	PART
cice-11371	196	2	begin	begin	VERB
cice-11371	196	3	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	196	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	196	5	better	well	ADJ
cice-11371	196	6	quality	quality	NOUN
cice-11371	196	7	paper	paper	NOUN
cice-11371	196	8	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	196	9	been	be	AUX
cice-11371	196	10	used	use	VERB
cice-11371	196	11	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	196	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	196	13	texts	text	NOUN
cice-11371	196	14	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	196	15	full	full	ADJ
cice-11371	196	16	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	196	17	colorful	colorful	ADJ
cice-11371	196	18	illustrations	illustration	NOUN
cice-11371	196	19	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	196	20	photographs	photograph	NOUN
cice-11371	196	21	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	197	1	much	much	ADJ
cice-11371	197	2	attention	attention	NOUN
cice-11371	197	3	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	197	4	been	be	AUX
cice-11371	197	5	paid	pay	VERB
cice-11371	197	6	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	197	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	197	8	layout	layout	NOUN
cice-11371	197	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	197	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	197	11	text	text	NOUN
cice-11371	197	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	197	13	such	such	ADJ
cice-11371	197	14	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	197	15	a	a	DET
cice-11371	197	16	clear	clear	ADJ
cice-11371	197	17	contents	content	NOUN
cice-11371	197	18	page	page	NOUN
cice-11371	197	19	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	197	20	summaries	summary	NOUN
cice-11371	197	21	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	197	22	the	the	DET
cice-11371	197	23	new	new	ADJ
cice-11371	197	24	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
cice-11371	197	25	introduced	introduce	VERB
cice-11371	197	26	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	197	27	each	each	DET
cice-11371	197	28	lesson	lesson	NOUN
cice-11371	197	29	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	198	1	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	198	2	are	be	VERB
cice-11371	198	3	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	198	4	changes	change	NOUN
cice-11371	198	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	198	6	content	content	NOUN
cice-11371	198	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	198	8	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	198	9	throughout	throughout	ADP
cice-11371	198	10	elementary	elementary	ADJ
cice-11371	198	11	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	198	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	198	13	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
cice-11371	198	14	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	198	15	paid	pay	VERB
cice-11371	198	16	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	198	17	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	198	18	how	how	SCONJ
cice-11371	198	19	to	to	PART
cice-11371	198	20	write	write	VERB
cice-11371	198	21	correctly	correctly	ADV
cice-11371	198	22	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	198	23	a	a	DET
cice-11371	198	24	feature	feature	NOUN
cice-11371	198	25	not	not	PART
cice-11371	198	26	apparent	apparent	ADJ
cice-11371	198	27	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	198	28	the	the	DET
cice-11371	198	29	earlier	early	ADJ
cice-11371	198	30	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	198	31	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	199	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	199	2	addition	addition	NOUN
cice-11371	199	3	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	199	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	199	5	greater	great	ADJ
cice-11371	199	6	stress	stress	NOUN
cice-11371	199	7	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	199	8	writing	writing	NOUN
cice-11371	199	9	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	199	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	199	11	new	new	ADJ
cice-11371	199	12	series	series	NOUN
cice-11371	199	13	focus	focus	VERB
cice-11371	199	14	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	199	15	famous	famous	ADJ
cice-11371	199	16	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	199	17	sages	sage	NOUN
cice-11371	199	18	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	199	19	thus	thus	ADV
cice-11371	199	20	drawing	draw	VERB
cice-11371	199	21	attention	attention	NOUN
cice-11371	199	22	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	199	23	the	the	DET
cice-11371	199	24	country	country	NOUN
cice-11371	199	25	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	199	26	cultural	cultural	ADJ
cice-11371	199	27	traditions	tradition	NOUN
cice-11371	199	28	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	200	1	yet	yet	ADV
cice-11371	200	2	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	200	3	is	be	VERB
cice-11371	200	4	continuity	continuity	NOUN
cice-11371	200	5	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	200	6	earlier	early	ADJ
cice-11371	200	7	editions	edition	NOUN
cice-11371	200	8	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	201	1	women	woman	NOUN
cice-11371	201	2	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	201	3	still	still	ADV
cice-11371	201	4	shown	show	VERB
cice-11371	201	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	201	6	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	201	7	dual	dual	ADJ
cice-11371	201	8	roles	role	NOUN
cice-11371	201	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	201	10	housewife	housewife	NOUN
cice-11371	201	11	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	201	12	elementary	elementary	ADJ
cice-11371	201	13	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	201	14	teacher	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	201	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	202	1	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	202	2	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	202	3	still	still	ADV
cice-11371	202	4	doing	do	VERB
cice-11371	202	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	202	6	housework	housework	NOUN
cice-11371	202	7	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	202	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	202	9	help	help	NOUN
cice-11371	202	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	202	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	202	12	daughter	daughter	NOUN
cice-11371	202	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	203	1	illustrations	illustration	NOUN
cice-11371	203	2	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	203	3	boys	boy	NOUN
cice-11371	203	4	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	203	5	men	man	NOUN
cice-11371	203	6	continue	continue	VERB
cice-11371	203	7	to	to	PART
cice-11371	203	8	outnumber	outnumber	VERB
cice-11371	203	9	those	those	PRON
cice-11371	203	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	203	11	girls	girl	NOUN
cice-11371	203	12	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	203	13	women	woman	NOUN
cice-11371	203	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	204	1	young	young	ADJ
cice-11371	204	2	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	204	3	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	204	4	still	still	ADV
cice-11371	204	5	presented	present	VERB
cice-11371	204	6	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	204	7	a	a	DET
cice-11371	204	8	colorful	colorful	ADJ
cice-11371	204	9	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	204	10	happy	happy	ADJ
cice-11371	204	11	world	world	NOUN
cice-11371	204	12	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	204	13	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	204	14	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	204	15	home	home	NOUN
cice-11371	204	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	205	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	205	2	new	new	ADJ
cice-11371	205	3	books	book	NOUN
cice-11371	205	4	present	present	VERB
cice-11371	205	5	an	an	DET
cice-11371	205	6	idealized	idealized	ADJ
cice-11371	205	7	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	205	8	world	world	NOUN
cice-11371	205	9	together	together	ADV
cice-11371	205	10	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	205	11	occasional	occasional	ADJ
cice-11371	205	12	illustrations	illustration	NOUN
cice-11371	205	13	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	205	14	famous	famous	ADJ
cice-11371	205	15	places	place	NOUN
cice-11371	205	16	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	205	17	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	205	18	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	205	19	the	the	DET
cice-11371	205	20	capital	capital	NOUN
cice-11371	205	21	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	205	22	jiangsu	jiangsu	PROPN
cice-11371	205	23	province	province	PROPN
cice-11371	205	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	206	1	this	this	DET
cice-11371	206	2	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	206	3	world	world	NOUN
cice-11371	206	4	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	206	5	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
cice-11371	206	6	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	206	7	alien	alien	ADJ
cice-11371	206	8	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	206	9	exotic	exotic	ADJ
cice-11371	206	10	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	206	11	most	most	ADJ
cice-11371	206	12	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	206	13	the	the	DET
cice-11371	206	14	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	206	15	who	who	PRON
cice-11371	206	16	live	live	VERB
cice-11371	206	17	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	206	18	the	the	DET
cice-11371	206	19	countryside	countryside	NOUN
cice-11371	206	20	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	206	21	america	america	PROPN
cice-11371	206	22	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	206	23	britain	britain	PROPN
cice-11371	206	24	might	might	AUX
cice-11371	206	25	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	206	26	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	206	27	parents	parent	NOUN
cice-11371	206	28	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	207	1	while	while	SCONJ
cice-11371	207	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	207	3	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	207	4	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	207	5	presented	present	VERB
cice-11371	207	6	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	207	7	an	an	DET
cice-11371	207	8	idealized	idealized	ADJ
cice-11371	207	9	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	207	10	affluent	affluent	ADJ
cice-11371	207	11	world	world	NOUN
cice-11371	207	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	207	13	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	207	14	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	207	15	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	207	16	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	207	17	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	207	18	which	which	PRON
cice-11371	207	19	the	the	DET
cice-11371	207	20	career	career	NOUN
cice-11371	207	21	prospects	prospect	NOUN
cice-11371	207	22	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	207	23	together	together	ADV
cice-11371	207	24	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	207	25	gender	gender	NOUN
cice-11371	207	26	relations	relation	NOUN
cice-11371	207	27	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	207	28	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	207	29	proportions	proportion	NOUN
cice-11371	207	30	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	207	31	carefully	carefully	ADV
cice-11371	207	32	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	207	33	realistically	realistically	ADV
cice-11371	207	34	depicted	depict	VERB
cice-11371	207	35	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	208	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	208	2	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	208	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	208	4	idealizations	idealization	NOUN
cice-11371	208	5	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	208	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	208	7	world	world	NOUN
cice-11371	208	8	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	208	9	expected	expect	VERB
cice-11371	208	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	209	1	however	however	ADV
cice-11371	209	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	209	3	the	the	DET
cice-11371	209	4	social	social	ADJ
cice-11371	209	5	relations	relation	NOUN
cice-11371	209	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	209	7	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	209	8	society	society	NOUN
cice-11371	209	9	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	209	10	accurately	accurately	ADV
cice-11371	209	11	presented	present	VERB
cice-11371	209	12	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	209	13	the	the	DET
cice-11371	209	14	elementary	elementary	ADJ
cice-11371	209	15	school	school	PROPN
cice-11371	209	16	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	209	17	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	209	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	210	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	210	2	fantasy	fantasy	NOUN
cice-11371	210	3	world	world	NOUN
cice-11371	210	4	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	210	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	210	6	illustrations	illustration	NOUN
cice-11371	210	7	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	210	8	bounded	bound	VERB
cice-11371	210	9	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	210	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	210	11	reality	reality	NOUN
cice-11371	210	12	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	210	13	the	the	DET
cice-11371	210	14	future	future	ADJ
cice-11371	210	15	roles	role	NOUN
cice-11371	210	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	210	17	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	210	18	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	210	19	expected	expect	VERB
cice-11371	210	20	later	later	ADV
cice-11371	210	21	to	to	PART
cice-11371	210	22	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
cice-11371	210	23	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	210	24	society	society	NOUN
cice-11371	210	25	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	210	26	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	210	27	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	210	28	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	210	29	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	210	30	1998	1998	NUM
cice-11371	210	31	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	210	32	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	211	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	211	2	illustrations	illustration	NOUN
cice-11371	211	3	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	211	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	211	5	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	211	6	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
cice-11371	211	7	traditional	traditional	ADJ
cice-11371	211	8	gender	gender	NOUN
cice-11371	211	9	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	211	10	role	role	NOUN
cice-11371	211	11	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	211	12	together	together	ADV
cice-11371	211	13	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	211	14	the	the	DET
cice-11371	211	15	positive	positive	ADJ
cice-11371	211	16	value	value	NOUN
cice-11371	211	17	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	211	18	possessing	possess	VERB
cice-11371	211	19	an	an	DET
cice-11371	211	20	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	211	21	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	211	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	212	1	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	212	2	most	most	ADJ
cice-11371	212	3	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	212	4	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	212	5	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	212	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	212	7	however	however	ADV
cice-11371	212	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	212	9	acquiring	acquire	VERB
cice-11371	212	10	gender	gender	NOUN
cice-11371	212	11	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	212	12	role	role	NOUN
cice-11371	212	13	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	212	14	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	212	15	more	more	ADV
cice-11371	212	16	accessible	accessible	ADJ
cice-11371	212	17	than	than	ADP
cice-11371	212	18	an	an	DET
cice-11371	212	19	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	212	20	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	212	21	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	213	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	213	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	213	3	section	section	NOUN
cice-11371	213	4	below	below	ADV
cice-11371	213	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	213	6	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	213	7	describe	describe	VERB
cice-11371	213	8	how	how	SCONJ
cice-11371	213	9	bureaucratically	bureaucratically	ADV
cice-11371	213	10	assigned	assign	VERB
cice-11371	213	11	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	213	12	can	can	AUX
cice-11371	213	13	even	even	ADV
cice-11371	213	14	bar	bar	VERB
cice-11371	213	15	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	213	16	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	213	17	schooling	schooling	NOUN
cice-11371	213	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	214	1	john	john	PROPN
cice-11371	214	2	e.	e.	PROPN
cice-11371	214	3	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	214	4	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	214	5	kate	kate	PROPN
cice-11371	214	6	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	214	7	112	112	NUM
cice-11371	214	8	may	may	PROPN
cice-11371	214	9	12	12	NUM
cice-11371	214	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	214	11	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	214	12	those	those	PRON
cice-11371	214	13	left	leave	VERB
cice-11371	214	14	behind	behind	ADV
cice-11371	214	15	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	214	16	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	214	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	214	18	the	the	DET
cice-11371	214	19	privileged	privileged	ADJ
cice-11371	214	20	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	214	21	social	social	ADJ
cice-11371	214	22	class	class	NOUN
cice-11371	214	23	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	214	24	set	set	VERB
cice-11371	214	25	apart	apart	ADV
cice-11371	214	26	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	214	27	the	the	DET
cice-11371	214	28	rest	rest	NOUN
cice-11371	214	29	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	214	30	the	the	DET
cice-11371	214	31	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	214	32	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	214	33	the	the	DET
cice-11371	214	34	fact	fact	NOUN
cice-11371	214	35	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	214	36	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	214	37	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	214	38	part	part	NOUN
cice-11371	214	39	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	214	40	the	the	DET
cice-11371	214	41	non	non	ADJ
cice-11371	214	42	-	-	ADJ
cice-11371	214	43	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
cice-11371	214	44	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	214	45	class	class	NOUN
cice-11371	214	46	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	214	47	as	as	SCONJ
cice-11371	214	48	defined	define	VERB
cice-11371	214	49	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	214	50	the	the	DET
cice-11371	214	51	household	household	NOUN
cice-11371	214	52	registration	registration	NOUN
cice-11371	214	53	system	system	NOUN
cice-11371	214	54	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	214	55	the	the	DET
cice-11371	214	56	hukou	hukou	PROPN
cice-11371	214	57	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	215	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	215	2	hukou	hukou	PROPN
cice-11371	215	3	determines	determine	VERB
cice-11371	215	4	a	a	DET
cice-11371	215	5	person	person	NOUN
cice-11371	215	6	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	215	7	place	place	NOUN
cice-11371	215	8	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	215	9	residence	residence	NOUN
cice-11371	215	10	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	215	11	socio	socio	NOUN
cice-11371	215	12	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	215	13	economic	economic	ADJ
cice-11371	215	14	status	status	NOUN
cice-11371	215	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	215	16	this	this	PRON
cice-11371	215	17	being	be	AUX
cice-11371	215	18	either	either	CCONJ
cice-11371	215	19	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
cice-11371	215	20	or	or	CCONJ
cice-11371	215	21	non	non	ADJ
cice-11371	215	22	-	-	ADJ
cice-11371	215	23	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
cice-11371	215	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	216	1	initially	initially	ADV
cice-11371	216	2	established	establish	VERB
cice-11371	216	3	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	216	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	216	5	cities	city	NOUN
cice-11371	216	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	216	7	1951	1951	NUM
cice-11371	216	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	216	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	216	10	hukou	hukou	PROPN
cice-11371	216	11	system	system	NOUN
cice-11371	216	12	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	216	13	then	then	ADV
cice-11371	216	14	extended	extend	VERB
cice-11371	216	15	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	216	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	216	17	whole	whole	NOUN
cice-11371	216	18	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	216	19	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	216	20	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	216	21	still	still	ADV
cice-11371	216	22	remains	remain	VERB
cice-11371	216	23	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	216	24	force	force	NOUN
cice-11371	216	25	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	217	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	217	2	hukou	hukou	PROPN
cice-11371	217	3	system	system	NOUN
cice-11371	217	4	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	217	5	not	not	PART
cice-11371	217	6	just	just	ADV
cice-11371	217	7	a	a	DET
cice-11371	217	8	means	means	NOUN
cice-11371	217	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	217	10	controlling	control	VERB
cice-11371	217	11	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	217	12	migration	migration	NOUN
cice-11371	217	13	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	217	14	but	but	CCONJ
cice-11371	217	15	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	217	16	ensured	ensure	VERB
cice-11371	217	17	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	217	18	the	the	DET
cice-11371	217	19	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	217	20	non	non	ADJ
cice-11371	217	21	-	-	ADJ
cice-11371	217	22	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
cice-11371	217	23	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	217	24	had	have	VERB
cice-11371	217	25	privileged	privileged	ADJ
cice-11371	217	26	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	217	27	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	217	28	food	food	NOUN
cice-11371	217	29	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	217	30	housing	housing	NOUN
cice-11371	217	31	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	217	32	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	217	33	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	217	34	medical	medical	ADJ
cice-11371	217	35	care	care	NOUN
cice-11371	217	36	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	217	37	work	work	NOUN
cice-11371	217	38	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	217	39	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	217	40	social	social	ADJ
cice-11371	217	41	welfare	welfare	NOUN
cice-11371	217	42	programs	program	NOUN
cice-11371	217	43	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	217	44	all	all	PRON
cice-11371	217	45	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	217	46	the	the	DET
cice-11371	217	47	expense	expense	NOUN
cice-11371	217	48	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	217	49	the	the	DET
cice-11371	217	50	majority	majority	NOUN
cice-11371	217	51	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	217	52	the	the	DET
cice-11371	217	53	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	217	54	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
cice-11371	217	55	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	217	56	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	218	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
cice-11371	218	2	a	a	DET
cice-11371	218	3	few	few	ADJ
cice-11371	218	4	alterations	alteration	NOUN
cice-11371	218	5	over	over	ADP
cice-11371	218	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	218	7	years	year	NOUN
cice-11371	218	8	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	218	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	218	10	hukou	hukou	PROPN
cice-11371	218	11	system	system	NOUN
cice-11371	218	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	218	13	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	218	14	the	the	DET
cice-11371	218	15	essential	essential	ADJ
cice-11371	218	16	features	feature	NOUN
cice-11371	218	17	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	218	18	the	the	DET
cice-11371	218	19	hukou	hukou	PROPN
cice-11371	218	20	system	system	NOUN
cice-11371	218	21	remain	remain	VERB
cice-11371	218	22	basically	basically	ADV
cice-11371	218	23	unchanged	unchanged	ADJ
cice-11371	218	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	219	1	socio	socio	NOUN
cice-11371	219	2	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	219	3	economic	economic	ADJ
cice-11371	219	4	eligibility	eligibility	NOUN
cice-11371	219	5	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	219	6	still	still	ADV
cice-11371	219	7	linked	link	VERB
cice-11371	219	8	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	219	9	hukou	hukou	PROPN
cice-11371	219	10	status	status	NOUN
cice-11371	219	11	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	219	12	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	219	13	chan	chan	PROPN
cice-11371	219	14	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	219	15	li	li	PROPN
cice-11371	219	16	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	219	17	1999	1999	NUM
cice-11371	219	18	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	219	19	p.	p.	NOUN
cice-11371	219	20	841	841	NUM
cice-11371	219	21	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	219	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	220	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	220	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	220	3	past	past	NOUN
cice-11371	220	4	when	when	SCONJ
cice-11371	220	5	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	220	6	movement	movement	NOUN
cice-11371	220	7	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	220	8	more	more	ADV
cice-11371	220	9	restricted	restrict	VERB
cice-11371	220	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	220	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	220	12	disparities	disparity	NOUN
cice-11371	220	13	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	220	14	this	this	DET
cice-11371	220	15	social	social	ADJ
cice-11371	220	16	system	system	NOUN
cice-11371	220	17	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	220	18	not	not	PART
cice-11371	220	19	apparent	apparent	ADJ
cice-11371	220	20	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	220	21	those	those	PRON
cice-11371	220	22	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	220	23	the	the	DET
cice-11371	220	24	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	220	25	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	220	26	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	1	however	however	ADV
cice-11371	221	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	3	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	221	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	221	5	economic	economic	ADJ
cice-11371	221	6	reforms	reform	NOUN
cice-11371	221	7	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	221	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	221	9	1980s	1980	NOUN
cice-11371	221	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	11	cities	city	NOUN
cice-11371	221	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	13	especially	especially	ADV
cice-11371	221	14	those	those	PRON
cice-11371	221	15	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	221	16	the	the	DET
cice-11371	221	17	eastern	eastern	ADJ
cice-11371	221	18	seaboard	seaboard	NOUN
cice-11371	221	19	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	20	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	221	21	prospered	prosper	VERB
cice-11371	221	22	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	221	23	so	so	ADV
cice-11371	221	24	attracted	attract	VERB
cice-11371	221	25	a	a	DET
cice-11371	221	26	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	27	floating	float	VERB
cice-11371	221	28	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	221	29	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	30	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	221	31	experts	expert	NOUN
cice-11371	221	32	guess	guess	VERB
cice-11371	221	33	ranges	range	VERB
cice-11371	221	34	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	221	35	80	80	NUM
cice-11371	221	36	to	to	PART
cice-11371	221	37	100	100	NUM
cice-11371	221	38	million	million	NUM
cice-11371	221	39	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	40	chan	chan	PROPN
cice-11371	221	41	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	221	42	li	li	PROPN
cice-11371	221	43	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	44	1999	1999	NUM
cice-11371	221	45	;	;	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	46	li	li	PROPN
cice-11371	221	47	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	48	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	221	49	;	;	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	50	mallee	mallee	PROPN
cice-11371	221	51	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	52	2000	2000	NUM
cice-11371	221	53	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	221	54	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	222	1	terms	term	NOUN
cice-11371	222	2	such	such	ADJ
cice-11371	222	3	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	222	4	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	222	5	floating	float	VERB
cice-11371	222	6	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	222	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	222	8	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	222	9	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	222	10	blind	blind	ADJ
cice-11371	222	11	vagrants	vagrant	NOUN
cice-11371	222	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	222	13	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	222	14	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	222	15	excess	excess	ADJ
cice-11371	222	16	birth	birth	NOUN
cice-11371	222	17	guerrillas	guerrilla	NOUN
cice-11371	222	18	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	222	19	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	222	20	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	222	21	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	222	22	stinky	stinky	ADJ
cice-11371	222	23	peasants	peasant	NOUN
cice-11371	222	24	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	222	25	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
cice-11371	222	26	the	the	DET
cice-11371	222	27	separateness	separateness	NOUN
cice-11371	222	28	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	222	29	these	these	DET
cice-11371	222	30	migrants	migrant	NOUN
cice-11371	222	31	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	223	1	although	although	SCONJ
cice-11371	223	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	223	3	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
cice-11371	223	4	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
cice-11371	223	5	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	223	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	223	7	migrants	migrant	NOUN
cice-11371	223	8	vary	vary	VERB
cice-11371	223	9	as	as	SCONJ
cice-11371	223	10	some	some	PRON
cice-11371	223	11	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	223	12	private	private	ADJ
cice-11371	223	13	entrepreneurs	entrepreneur	NOUN
cice-11371	223	14	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	223	15	the	the	DET
cice-11371	223	16	majority	majority	NOUN
cice-11371	223	17	consists	consist	VERB
cice-11371	223	18	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	223	19	peasants	peasant	NOUN
cice-11371	223	20	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	224	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	224	2	migrants	migrant	NOUN
cice-11371	224	3	do	do	AUX
cice-11371	224	4	not	not	PART
cice-11371	224	5	have	have	VERB
cice-11371	224	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	224	7	key	key	NOUN
cice-11371	224	8	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	224	9	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	224	10	status	status	NOUN
cice-11371	224	11	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	224	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	224	13	non	non	ADJ
cice-11371	224	14	-	-	ADJ
cice-11371	224	15	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
cice-11371	224	16	hukou	hukou	NOUN
cice-11371	224	17	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	225	1	without	without	ADP
cice-11371	225	2	this	this	DET
cice-11371	225	3	certificate	certificate	NOUN
cice-11371	225	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	225	5	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	225	6	do	do	AUX
cice-11371	225	7	not	not	PART
cice-11371	225	8	have	have	VERB
cice-11371	225	9	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	225	10	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	225	11	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	225	12	benefits	benefit	NOUN
cice-11371	225	13	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	225	14	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	225	15	particular	particular	ADJ
cice-11371	225	16	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	225	17	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	225	18	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	225	19	unable	unable	ADJ
cice-11371	225	20	to	to	PART
cice-11371	225	21	send	send	VERB
cice-11371	225	22	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	225	23	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	225	24	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	225	25	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	225	26	or	or	CCONJ
cice-11371	225	27	take	take	VERB
cice-11371	225	28	part	part	NOUN
cice-11371	225	29	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	225	30	higher	high	ADJ
cice-11371	225	31	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	225	32	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	226	1	when	when	SCONJ
cice-11371	226	2	groups	group	NOUN
cice-11371	226	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	226	4	migrants	migrant	NOUN
cice-11371	226	5	living	live	VERB
cice-11371	226	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	226	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	226	8	cities	city	NOUN
cice-11371	226	9	try	try	VERB
cice-11371	226	10	to	to	PART
cice-11371	226	11	circumvent	circumvent	VERB
cice-11371	226	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	226	13	system	system	NOUN
cice-11371	226	14	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	226	15	even	even	ADV
cice-11371	226	16	set	set	VERB
cice-11371	226	17	up	up	ADP
cice-11371	226	18	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	226	19	own	own	ADJ
cice-11371	226	20	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	226	21	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	226	22	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	226	23	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	226	24	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	226	25	hometowns	hometown	NOUN
cice-11371	226	26	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	226	27	the	the	DET
cice-11371	226	28	police	police	NOUN
cice-11371	226	29	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	226	30	city	city	NOUN
cice-11371	226	31	authorities	authority	NOUN
cice-11371	226	32	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	226	33	periodically	periodically	ADV
cice-11371	226	34	tried	try	VERB
cice-11371	226	35	to	to	PART
cice-11371	226	36	destroy	destroy	VERB
cice-11371	226	37	these	these	DET
cice-11371	226	38	illegal	illegal	ADJ
cice-11371	226	39	villages	village	NOUN
cice-11371	226	40	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	227	1	such	such	ADJ
cice-11371	227	2	incidents	incident	NOUN
cice-11371	227	3	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	227	4	beijing	beijing	PROPN
cice-11371	227	5	occurred	occur	VERB
cice-11371	227	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	227	7	1986	1986	NUM
cice-11371	227	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	227	9	1989	1989	NUM
cice-11371	227	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	227	11	1990	1990	NUM
cice-11371	227	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	227	13	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	227	14	1995	1995	NUM
cice-11371	227	15	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	227	16	li	li	PROPN
cice-11371	227	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	227	18	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	227	19	;	;	PUNCT
cice-11371	227	20	mallee	mallee	PROPN
cice-11371	227	21	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	227	22	2000	2000	NUM
cice-11371	227	23	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	227	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	228	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	228	2	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	228	3	media	medium	NOUN
cice-11371	228	4	recently	recently	ADV
cice-11371	228	5	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	228	6	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
cice-11371	228	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	228	8	existence	existence	NOUN
cice-11371	228	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	228	10	these	these	DET
cice-11371	228	11	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	228	12	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	228	13	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	228	14	raised	raise	VERB
cice-11371	228	15	the	the	DET
cice-11371	228	16	problem	problem	NOUN
cice-11371	228	17	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	228	18	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	228	19	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	228	20	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	228	21	as	as	ADV
cice-11371	228	22	well	well	ADV
cice-11371	228	23	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	228	24	the	the	DET
cice-11371	228	25	persistence	persistence	NOUN
cice-11371	228	26	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	228	27	the	the	DET
cice-11371	228	28	hukou	hukou	PROPN
cice-11371	228	29	system	system	NOUN
cice-11371	228	30	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	228	31	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	228	32	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	228	33	makes	make	VERB
cice-11371	228	34	schooling	schooling	NOUN
cice-11371	228	35	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	228	36	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	228	37	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	228	38	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	228	39	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	229	1	still	still	ADV
cice-11371	229	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	229	3	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	229	4	is	be	VERB
cice-11371	229	5	no	no	DET
cice-11371	229	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cice-11371	229	7	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	229	8	official	official	ADJ
cice-11371	229	9	rectification	rectification	NOUN
cice-11371	229	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	229	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	229	12	situation	situation	NOUN
cice-11371	229	13	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	229	14	a	a	DET
cice-11371	229	15	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	229	16	scale	scale	NOUN
cice-11371	229	17	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	230	1	recent	recent	ADJ
cice-11371	230	2	studies	study	NOUN
cice-11371	230	3	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	230	4	poverty	poverty	NOUN
cice-11371	230	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	230	6	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	230	7	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	230	8	not	not	PART
cice-11371	230	9	examined	examine	VERB
cice-11371	230	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	230	11	floating	float	VERB
cice-11371	230	12	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	230	13	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	230	14	so	so	ADV
cice-11371	230	15	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	230	16	underestimated	underestimate	VERB
cice-11371	230	17	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	230	18	poverty	poverty	NOUN
cice-11371	230	19	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	230	20	as	as	ADV
cice-11371	230	21	well	well	ADV
cice-11371	230	22	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	230	23	the	the	DET
cice-11371	230	24	overall	overall	ADJ
cice-11371	230	25	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	230	26	poverty	poverty	NOUN
cice-11371	230	27	rate	rate	NOUN
cice-11371	230	28	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	230	29	gustafsson	gustafsson	PROPN
cice-11371	230	30	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	230	31	zhong	zhong	PROPN
cice-11371	230	32	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	230	33	2000	2000	NUM
cice-11371	230	34	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	230	35	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	231	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
cice-11371	231	2	this	this	DET
cice-11371	231	3	major	major	ADJ
cice-11371	231	4	reservation	reservation	NOUN
cice-11371	231	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	231	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	231	7	studies	study	NOUN
cice-11371	231	8	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	231	9	found	find	VERB
cice-11371	231	10	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	231	11	poverty	poverty	NOUN
cice-11371	231	12	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	231	13	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	231	14	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	231	15	linked	link	VERB
cice-11371	231	16	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	231	17	location	location	NOUN
cice-11371	231	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	232	1	it	it	PRON
cice-11371	232	2	tends	tend	VERB
cice-11371	232	3	to	to	PART
cice-11371	232	4	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	232	5	concentrated	concentrate	VERB
cice-11371	232	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	232	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	232	8	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	232	9	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	232	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	232	11	especially	especially	ADV
cice-11371	232	12	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	232	13	the	the	DET
cice-11371	232	14	mountainous	mountainous	ADJ
cice-11371	232	15	regions	region	NOUN
cice-11371	232	16	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	232	17	the	the	DET
cice-11371	232	18	west	west	NOUN
cice-11371	232	19	where	where	SCONJ
cice-11371	232	20	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	232	21	minority	minority	NOUN
cice-11371	232	22	groups	group	NOUN
cice-11371	232	23	live	live	VERB
cice-11371	232	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	233	1	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	233	2	these	these	DET
cice-11371	233	3	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	233	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	233	5	poverty	poverty	NOUN
cice-11371	233	6	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	233	7	increased	increase	VERB
cice-11371	233	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	233	9	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	233	10	although	although	SCONJ
cice-11371	233	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	233	12	overwhelming	overwhelming	ADJ
cice-11371	233	13	proportion	proportion	NOUN
cice-11371	233	14	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	233	15	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	233	16	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	233	17	poor	poor	ADJ
cice-11371	233	18	…	…	PUNCT
cice-11371	233	19	belong	belong	VERB
cice-11371	233	20	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	233	21	the	the	DET
cice-11371	233	22	majority	majority	NOUN
cice-11371	233	23	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	233	24	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	233	25	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	233	26	gustafsson	gustafsson	PROPN
cice-11371	233	27	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	233	28	zhong	zhong	PROPN
cice-11371	233	29	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	233	30	2000	2000	NUM
cice-11371	233	31	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	233	32	p.	p.	NOUN
cice-11371	233	33	992	992	NUM
cice-11371	233	34	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	233	35	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	234	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	234	2	addition	addition	NOUN
cice-11371	234	3	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	234	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	234	5	burden	burden	NOUN
cice-11371	234	6	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	234	7	poverty	poverty	NOUN
cice-11371	234	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	234	9	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	234	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	234	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	234	12	minorities	minority	NOUN
cice-11371	234	13	struggle	struggle	VERB
cice-11371	234	14	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	234	15	issues	issue	NOUN
cice-11371	234	16	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	234	17	bilingualism	bilingualism	NOUN
cice-11371	234	18	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	234	19	illiteracy	illiteracy	NOUN
cice-11371	234	20	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	234	21	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	234	22	schooling	schooling	NOUN
cice-11371	234	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	235	1	recent	recent	ADJ
cice-11371	235	2	reports	report	NOUN
cice-11371	235	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
cice-11371	235	4	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	235	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	235	6	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	235	7	government	government	NOUN
cice-11371	235	8	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	235	9	pledged	pledge	VERB
cice-11371	235	10	over	over	ADP
cice-11371	235	11	$	$	SYM
cice-11371	235	12	600	600	NUM
cice-11371	235	13	million	million	NUM
cice-11371	235	14	over	over	ADP
cice-11371	235	15	a	a	DET
cice-11371	235	16	three	three	NUM
cice-11371	235	17	year	year	NOUN
cice-11371	235	18	period	period	NOUN
cice-11371	235	19	to	to	PART
cice-11371	235	20	promote	promote	VERB
cice-11371	235	21	nine	nine	NUM
cice-11371	235	22	years	year	NOUN
cice-11371	235	23	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	235	24	compulsory	compulsory	ADJ
cice-11371	235	25	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	235	26	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	235	27	the	the	DET
cice-11371	235	28	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	235	29	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	235	30	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	235	31	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	235	32	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	235	33	expands	expand	VERB
cice-11371	235	34	compulsory	compulsory	ADJ
cice-11371	235	35	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	235	36	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	235	37	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	235	38	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	235	39	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	235	40	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	236	1	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	236	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	236	3	same	same	ADJ
cice-11371	236	4	time	time	NOUN
cice-11371	236	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	236	6	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	236	7	is	be	VERB
cice-11371	236	8	debate	debate	NOUN
cice-11371	236	9	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	236	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	236	11	media	medium	NOUN
cice-11371	236	12	as	as	SCONJ
cice-11371	236	13	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	236	14	how	how	SCONJ
cice-11371	236	15	funding	funding	NOUN
cice-11371	236	16	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	236	17	this	this	DET
cice-11371	236	18	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	236	19	program	program	NOUN
cice-11371	236	20	can	can	AUX
cice-11371	236	21	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	236	22	maintained	maintain	VERB
cice-11371	236	23	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	236	24	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	236	25	who	who	PRON
cice-11371	236	26	should	should	AUX
cice-11371	236	27	pay	pay	VERB
cice-11371	236	28	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	236	29	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	236	30	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	236	31	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	236	32	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	236	33	steps	step	NOUN
cice-11371	236	34	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	236	35	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	236	36	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	236	37	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	236	38	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	236	39	current	current	ADJ
cice-11371	236	40	issues	issue	NOUN
cice-11371	236	41	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	236	42	comparative	comparative	ADJ
cice-11371	236	43	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	236	44	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	236	45	vol.5	vol.5	PROPN
cice-11371	236	46	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	236	47	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	236	48	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	236	49	113	113	NUM
cice-11371	236	50	since	since	SCONJ
cice-11371	236	51	the	the	DET
cice-11371	236	52	founding	founding	NOUN
cice-11371	236	53	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	236	54	the	the	DET
cice-11371	236	55	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	236	56	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	236	57	republic	republic	NOUN
cice-11371	236	58	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	236	59	1949	1949	NUM
cice-11371	236	60	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	236	61	the	the	DET
cice-11371	236	62	constitution	constitution	NOUN
cice-11371	236	63	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	236	64	guaranteed	guarantee	VERB
cice-11371	236	65	respect	respect	NOUN
cice-11371	236	66	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	236	67	minority	minority	NOUN
cice-11371	236	68	languages	language	NOUN
cice-11371	236	69	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	237	1	however	however	ADV
cice-11371	237	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	237	3	the	the	DET
cice-11371	237	4	varying	vary	VERB
cice-11371	237	5	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	237	6	policies	policy	NOUN
cice-11371	237	7	over	over	ADP
cice-11371	237	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	237	9	years	year	NOUN
cice-11371	237	10	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	237	11	meant	mean	VERB
cice-11371	237	12	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	237	13	this	this	DET
cice-11371	237	14	respect	respect	NOUN
cice-11371	237	15	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	237	16	not	not	PART
cice-11371	237	17	always	always	ADV
cice-11371	237	18	been	be	AUX
cice-11371	237	19	granted	grant	VERB
cice-11371	237	20	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	238	1	some	some	DET
cice-11371	238	2	minorities	minority	NOUN
cice-11371	238	3	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	238	4	had	have	VERB
cice-11371	238	5	success	success	NOUN
cice-11371	238	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	238	7	becoming	become	VERB
cice-11371	238	8	literate	literate	ADJ
cice-11371	238	9	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	238	10	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	238	11	own	own	ADJ
cice-11371	238	12	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	238	13	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	238	14	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	238	15	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
cice-11371	238	16	others	other	NOUN
cice-11371	238	17	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	238	18	not	not	PART
cice-11371	238	19	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	238	20	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	238	21	our	our	PRON
cice-11371	238	22	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	238	23	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	238	24	still	still	ADV
cice-11371	238	25	alive	alive	ADJ
cice-11371	238	26	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	238	27	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	238	28	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	238	29	;	;	PUNCT
cice-11371	239	1	zhou	zhou	PROPN
cice-11371	239	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	239	3	2000	2000	NUM
cice-11371	239	4	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	239	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	240	1	even	even	ADV
cice-11371	240	2	where	where	SCONJ
cice-11371	240	3	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	240	4	are	be	VERB
cice-11371	240	5	bilingual	bilingual	ADJ
cice-11371	240	6	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	240	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	240	8	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	240	9	parents	parent	NOUN
cice-11371	240	10	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	240	11	been	be	AUX
cice-11371	240	12	reluctant	reluctant	ADJ
cice-11371	240	13	to	to	PART
cice-11371	240	14	send	send	VERB
cice-11371	240	15	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	240	16	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	240	17	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	240	18	these	these	DET
cice-11371	240	19	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	240	20	since	since	SCONJ
cice-11371	240	21	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	240	22	believe	believe	VERB
cice-11371	240	23	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	240	24	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
cice-11371	240	25	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	240	26	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	240	27	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	240	28	more	more	ADV
cice-11371	240	29	critical	critical	ADJ
cice-11371	240	30	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	240	31	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	240	32	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	240	33	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	240	34	future	future	NOUN
cice-11371	240	35	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	240	36	hong	hong	PROPN
cice-11371	240	37	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	240	38	1998	1998	NUM
cice-11371	240	39	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	240	40	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	241	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	241	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
cice-11371	241	3	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	241	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	241	5	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	241	6	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	241	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	241	8	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	241	9	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	241	10	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	241	11	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	241	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	241	13	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	241	14	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	241	15	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	241	16	limited	limit	VERB
cice-11371	241	17	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	241	18	differs	differ	VERB
cice-11371	241	19	greatly	greatly	ADV
cice-11371	241	20	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	241	21	quality	quality	NOUN
cice-11371	241	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	242	1	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	242	2	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	242	3	families	family	NOUN
cice-11371	242	4	struggle	struggle	VERB
cice-11371	242	5	to	to	PART
cice-11371	242	6	find	find	VERB
cice-11371	242	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	242	8	money	money	NOUN
cice-11371	242	9	to	to	PART
cice-11371	242	10	pay	pay	VERB
cice-11371	242	11	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	242	12	schooling	schooling	NOUN
cice-11371	242	13	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	242	14	often	often	ADV
cice-11371	242	15	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	242	16	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	242	17	illegally	illegally	ADV
cice-11371	242	18	imposed	impose	VERB
cice-11371	242	19	extra	extra	ADJ
cice-11371	242	20	fees	fee	NOUN
cice-11371	242	21	just	just	ADV
cice-11371	242	22	as	as	SCONJ
cice-11371	242	23	local	local	ADJ
cice-11371	242	24	authorities	authority	NOUN
cice-11371	242	25	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	242	26	levied	levy	VERB
cice-11371	242	27	illegal	illegal	ADJ
cice-11371	242	28	taxes	taxis	NOUN
cice-11371	242	29	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	242	30	chan	chan	PROPN
cice-11371	242	31	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	242	32	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	242	33	;	;	PUNCT
cice-11371	242	34	li	li	PROPN
cice-11371	242	35	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	242	36	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	242	37	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	242	38	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	243	1	to	to	PART
cice-11371	243	2	alleviate	alleviate	VERB
cice-11371	243	3	this	this	DET
cice-11371	243	4	problem	problem	NOUN
cice-11371	243	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	243	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	243	7	ministry	ministry	PROPN
cice-11371	243	8	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	243	9	education	education	PROPN
cice-11371	243	10	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	243	11	ordered	order	VERB
cice-11371	243	12	all	all	DET
cice-11371	243	13	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	243	14	fees	fee	NOUN
cice-11371	243	15	to	to	PART
cice-11371	243	16	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	243	17	publicized	publicize	VERB
cice-11371	243	18	to	to	PART
cice-11371	243	19	increase	increase	VERB
cice-11371	243	20	transparency	transparency	NOUN
cice-11371	243	21	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	243	22	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	243	23	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	243	24	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	243	25	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	243	26	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	243	27	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	243	28	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	243	29	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	244	1	even	even	ADV
cice-11371	244	2	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	244	3	greater	great	ADJ
cice-11371	244	4	transparency	transparency	NOUN
cice-11371	244	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	244	6	the	the	DET
cice-11371	244	7	fact	fact	NOUN
cice-11371	244	8	remains	remain	VERB
cice-11371	244	9	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	244	10	compulsory	compulsory	ADJ
cice-11371	244	11	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	244	12	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	244	13	not	not	PART
cice-11371	244	14	free	free	ADJ
cice-11371	244	15	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	244	16	places	place	VERB
cice-11371	244	17	a	a	DET
cice-11371	244	18	drain	drain	NOUN
cice-11371	244	19	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	244	20	the	the	DET
cice-11371	244	21	family	family	NOUN
cice-11371	244	22	income	income	NOUN
cice-11371	244	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	245	1	one	one	NUM
cice-11371	245	2	way	way	NOUN
cice-11371	245	3	to	to	PART
cice-11371	245	4	make	make	VERB
cice-11371	245	5	ends	end	NOUN
cice-11371	245	6	meet	meet	VERB
cice-11371	245	7	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	245	8	to	to	PART
cice-11371	245	9	send	send	VERB
cice-11371	245	10	a	a	DET
cice-11371	245	11	family	family	NOUN
cice-11371	245	12	member	member	NOUN
cice-11371	245	13	to	to	PART
cice-11371	245	14	find	find	VERB
cice-11371	245	15	work	work	NOUN
cice-11371	245	16	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	245	17	the	the	DET
cice-11371	245	18	cities	city	NOUN
cice-11371	245	19	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	246	1	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	246	2	a	a	DET
cice-11371	246	3	result	result	NOUN
cice-11371	246	4	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	246	5	all	all	DET
cice-11371	246	6	these	these	DET
cice-11371	246	7	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
cice-11371	246	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	246	9	females	female	NOUN
cice-11371	246	10	have	have	VERB
cice-11371	246	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	246	12	highest	high	ADJ
cice-11371	246	13	rates	rate	NOUN
cice-11371	246	14	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	246	15	dropouts	dropout	NOUN
cice-11371	246	16	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	246	17	illiteracy	illiteracy	NOUN
cice-11371	246	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	247	1	“	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	247	2	80	80	NUM
cice-11371	247	3	percent	percent	NOUN
cice-11371	247	4	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	247	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	247	6	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	247	7	million	million	NUM
cice-11371	247	8	new	new	ADJ
cice-11371	247	9	illiterates	illiterate	NOUN
cice-11371	247	10	each	each	DET
cice-11371	247	11	year	year	NOUN
cice-11371	247	12	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	247	13	females	female	NOUN
cice-11371	247	14	”	"	PUNCT
cice-11371	247	15	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	247	16	hansen	hansen	PROPN
cice-11371	247	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	247	18	2001	2001	NUM
cice-11371	247	19	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	247	20	p.	p.	NOUN
cice-11371	247	21	405	405	NUM
cice-11371	247	22	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	247	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	248	1	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	248	2	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	248	3	future	future	ADJ
cice-11371	248	4	research	research	NOUN
cice-11371	248	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	248	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	248	7	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	248	8	interviewed	interview	VERB
cice-11371	248	9	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	248	10	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	248	11	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	248	12	forthright	forthright	ADJ
cice-11371	248	13	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	248	14	pointing	point	VERB
cice-11371	248	15	out	out	ADP
cice-11371	248	16	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	248	17	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	248	18	can	can	AUX
cice-11371	248	19	not	not	PART
cice-11371	248	20	achieve	achieve	VERB
cice-11371	248	21	the	the	DET
cice-11371	248	22	goals	goal	NOUN
cice-11371	248	23	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	248	24	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	248	25	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
cice-11371	248	26	simply	simply	ADV
cice-11371	248	27	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	248	28	relying	rely	VERB
cice-11371	248	29	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	248	30	classroom	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	248	31	instruction	instruction	NOUN
cice-11371	248	32	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	249	1	if	if	SCONJ
cice-11371	249	2	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	249	3	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	249	4	to	to	PART
cice-11371	249	5	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	249	6	successful	successful	ADJ
cice-11371	249	7	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	249	8	terms	term	NOUN
cice-11371	249	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	249	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	249	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
cice-11371	249	12	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	249	13	among	among	ADP
cice-11371	249	14	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	249	15	peers	peer	NOUN
cice-11371	249	16	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	249	17	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	249	18	need	need	VERB
cice-11371	249	19	help	help	NOUN
cice-11371	249	20	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	249	21	home	home	NOUN
cice-11371	249	22	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	249	23	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	249	24	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	249	25	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	249	26	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	249	27	1999	1999	NUM
cice-11371	249	28	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	249	29	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	250	1	our	our	PRON
cice-11371	250	2	observations	observation	NOUN
cice-11371	250	3	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	250	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	250	5	neighborhood	neighborhood	NOUN
cice-11371	250	6	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	250	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	250	8	even	even	ADV
cice-11371	250	9	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	250	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	250	11	demographic	demographic	ADJ
cice-11371	250	12	advantages	advantage	NOUN
cice-11371	250	13	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	250	14	lead	lead	VERB
cice-11371	250	15	us	we	PRON
cice-11371	250	16	to	to	PART
cice-11371	250	17	conclude	conclude	VERB
cice-11371	250	18	that	that	DET
cice-11371	250	19	assistance	assistance	NOUN
cice-11371	250	20	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	250	21	home	home	NOUN
cice-11371	250	22	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	250	23	very	very	ADV
cice-11371	250	24	much	much	ADV
cice-11371	250	25	a	a	DET
cice-11371	250	26	caseby	caseby	ADJ
cice-11371	250	27	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	250	28	case	case	NOUN
cice-11371	250	29	situation	situation	NOUN
cice-11371	250	30	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	251	1	some	some	DET
cice-11371	251	2	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	251	3	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	251	4	neglected	neglect	VERB
cice-11371	251	5	while	while	SCONJ
cice-11371	251	6	others	other	NOUN
cice-11371	251	7	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	251	8	pampered	pamper	VERB
cice-11371	251	9	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	251	10	attention	attention	NOUN
cice-11371	251	11	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	252	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
cice-11371	252	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	252	3	variety	variety	NOUN
cice-11371	252	4	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	252	5	family	family	NOUN
cice-11371	252	6	environments	environment	NOUN
cice-11371	252	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	252	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
cice-11371	252	9	report	report	VERB
cice-11371	252	10	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	252	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	252	12	majority	majority	NOUN
cice-11371	252	13	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	252	14	receiving	receive	VERB
cice-11371	252	15	some	some	DET
cice-11371	252	16	kind	kind	NOUN
cice-11371	252	17	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	252	18	help	help	NOUN
cice-11371	252	19	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	253	1	however	however	ADV
cice-11371	253	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	253	3	family	family	NOUN
cice-11371	253	4	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	253	5	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	253	6	adolescent	adolescent	ADJ
cice-11371	253	7	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	253	8	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	253	9	two	two	NUM
cice-11371	253	10	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	253	11	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	253	12	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	253	13	not	not	PART
cice-11371	253	14	been	be	AUX
cice-11371	253	15	researched	research	VERB
cice-11371	253	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	254	1	another	another	DET
cice-11371	254	2	area	area	NOUN
cice-11371	254	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	254	4	research	research	NOUN
cice-11371	254	5	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	254	6	describing	describe	VERB
cice-11371	254	7	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	254	8	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	254	9	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	254	10	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	254	11	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	254	12	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	255	1	our	our	PRON
cice-11371	255	2	study	study	NOUN
cice-11371	255	3	was	be	AUX
cice-11371	255	4	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	255	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	255	6	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	255	7	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	255	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	255	9	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	255	10	although	although	SCONJ
cice-11371	255	11	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	255	12	compared	compare	VERB
cice-11371	255	13	two	two	NUM
cice-11371	255	14	different	different	ADJ
cice-11371	255	15	kinds	kind	NOUN
cice-11371	255	16	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	255	17	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	255	18	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	255	19	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	255	20	were	be	AUX
cice-11371	255	21	both	both	CCONJ
cice-11371	255	22	good	good	ADJ
cice-11371	255	23	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	255	24	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	255	25	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	256	1	how	how	SCONJ
cice-11371	256	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	256	3	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	256	4	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	256	5	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	256	6	coping	cope	VERB
cice-11371	256	7	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	256	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	256	9	task	task	NOUN
cice-11371	256	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	256	11	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	256	12	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	256	13	a	a	DET
cice-11371	256	14	question	question	NOUN
cice-11371	256	15	about	about	ADP
cice-11371	256	16	which	which	PRON
cice-11371	256	17	there	there	PRON
cice-11371	256	18	is	be	VERB
cice-11371	256	19	very	very	ADV
cice-11371	256	20	little	little	ADJ
cice-11371	256	21	information	information	NOUN
cice-11371	256	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	257	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
cice-11371	257	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	257	3	how	how	SCONJ
cice-11371	257	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	257	5	migrant	migrant	ADJ
cice-11371	257	6	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	257	7	deals	deal	VERB
cice-11371	257	8	with	with	ADP
cice-11371	257	9	their	their	PRON
cice-11371	257	10	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	257	11	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	257	12	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	257	13	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	257	14	an	an	DET
cice-11371	257	15	area	area	NOUN
cice-11371	257	16	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	257	17	needs	need	VERB
cice-11371	257	18	to	to	PART
cice-11371	257	19	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	257	20	explored	explore	VERB
cice-11371	257	21	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	258	1	conducting	conduct	VERB
cice-11371	258	2	research	research	NOUN
cice-11371	258	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	258	4	particularly	particularly	ADV
cice-11371	258	5	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cice-11371	258	6	research	research	NOUN
cice-11371	258	7	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	258	8	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	258	9	continues	continue	VERB
cice-11371	258	10	to	to	PART
cice-11371	258	11	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	258	12	very	very	ADV
cice-11371	258	13	difficult	difficult	ADJ
cice-11371	258	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	259	1	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	259	2	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	259	3	the	the	DET
cice-11371	259	4	questions	question	NOUN
cice-11371	259	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	259	6	whether	whether	SCONJ
cice-11371	259	7	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	259	8	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	259	9	about	about	ADP
cice-11371	259	10	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	259	11	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	259	12	or	or	CCONJ
cice-11371	259	13	family	family	NOUN
cice-11371	259	14	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	259	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	259	16	invariably	invariably	ADV
cice-11371	259	17	carry	carry	VERB
cice-11371	259	18	a	a	DET
cice-11371	259	19	political	political	ADJ
cice-11371	259	20	edge	edge	NOUN
cice-11371	259	21	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	260	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	260	2	results	result	NOUN
cice-11371	260	3	could	could	AUX
cice-11371	260	4	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	260	5	less	less	ADJ
cice-11371	260	6	than	than	ADP
cice-11371	260	7	complementary	complementary	ADJ
cice-11371	260	8	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	260	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	260	10	authorities	authority	NOUN
cice-11371	260	11	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	261	1	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	261	2	what	what	DET
cice-11371	261	3	extent	extent	NOUN
cice-11371	261	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	261	5	authorities	authority	NOUN
cice-11371	261	6	can	can	AUX
cice-11371	261	7	tolerate	tolerate	VERB
cice-11371	261	8	criticism	criticism	NOUN
cice-11371	261	9	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	261	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	261	11	researchers	researcher	NOUN
cice-11371	261	12	’	’	PART
cice-11371	261	13	constant	constant	ADJ
cice-11371	261	14	calculation	calculation	NOUN
cice-11371	261	15	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	261	16	gamble	gamble	NOUN
cice-11371	261	17	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	262	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cice-11371	262	2	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	262	3	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	262	4	described	describe	VERB
cice-11371	262	5	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	262	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	262	7	terms	term	NOUN
cice-11371	262	8	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	262	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	262	10	task	task	NOUN
cice-11371	262	11	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	262	12	as	as	ADV
cice-11371	262	13	well	well	ADV
cice-11371	262	14	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	262	15	social	social	ADJ
cice-11371	262	16	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	262	17	cultural	cultural	ADJ
cice-11371	262	18	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	262	19	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	263	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	263	2	three	three	NUM
cice-11371	263	3	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	263	4	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	263	5	interrelated	interrelate	VERB
cice-11371	263	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	263	7	that	that	ADV
cice-11371	263	8	is	is	ADV
cice-11371	263	9	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	263	10	a	a	X
cice-11371	263	11	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	263	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	263	13	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	263	14	norms	norm	NOUN
cice-11371	263	15	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	263	16	writing	write	VERB
cice-11371	263	17	carry	carry	VERB
cice-11371	263	18	the	the	DET
cice-11371	263	19	most	most	ADJ
cice-11371	263	20	prestige	prestige	NOUN
cice-11371	263	21	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	263	22	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	263	23	b	b	X
cice-11371	263	24	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	263	25	the	the	DET
cice-11371	263	26	standard	standard	ADJ
cice-11371	263	27	spoken	spoken	ADJ
cice-11371	263	28	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	263	29	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	263	30	used	use	VERB
cice-11371	263	31	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	263	32	the	the	DET
cice-11371	263	33	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
cice-11371	263	34	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	263	35	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	263	36	to	to	PART
cice-11371	263	37	insure	insure	VERB
cice-11371	263	38	john	john	PROPN
cice-11371	263	39	e.	e.	PROPN
cice-11371	263	40	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	263	41	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	263	42	kate	kate	PROPN
cice-11371	263	43	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	263	44	114	114	NUM
cice-11371	263	45	may	may	PROPN
cice-11371	263	46	12	12	NUM
cice-11371	263	47	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	263	48	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	263	49	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	263	50	speaking	speak	VERB
cice-11371	263	51	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	263	52	will	will	AUX
cice-11371	263	53	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	263	54	learned	learn	VERB
cice-11371	263	55	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	263	56	finally	finally	ADV
cice-11371	263	57	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	263	58	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	263	59	c	c	X
cice-11371	263	60	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	263	61	participating	participate	VERB
cice-11371	263	62	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	263	63	the	the	DET
cice-11371	263	64	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	263	65	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	263	66	seen	see	VERB
cice-11371	263	67	as	as	ADP
cice-11371	263	68	an	an	DET
cice-11371	263	69	act	act	NOUN
cice-11371	263	70	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	263	71	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	263	72	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	263	73	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	264	1	at	at	ADP
cice-11371	264	2	the	the	DET
cice-11371	264	3	same	same	ADJ
cice-11371	264	4	time	time	NOUN
cice-11371	264	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	264	6	since	since	SCONJ
cice-11371	264	7	a	a	DET
cice-11371	264	8	roman	roman	ADJ
cice-11371	264	9	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN
cice-11371	264	10	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	264	11	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	264	12	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	264	13	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	264	14	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	264	15	used	use	VERB
cice-11371	264	16	to	to	PART
cice-11371	264	17	learn	learn	VERB
cice-11371	264	18	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	264	19	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	264	20	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	264	21	characters	character	NOUN
cice-11371	264	22	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	264	23	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	264	24	have	have	AUX
cice-11371	264	25	noticed	notice	VERB
cice-11371	264	26	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	264	27	studying	study	VERB
cice-11371	264	28	the	the	DET
cice-11371	264	29	letters	letter	NOUN
cice-11371	264	30	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	264	31	hanyu	hanyu	PROPN
cice-11371	264	32	pinyin	pinyin	PROPN
cice-11371	264	33	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	264	34	similar	similar	ADJ
cice-11371	264	35	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	264	36	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	264	37	the	the	DET
cice-11371	264	38	letters	letter	NOUN
cice-11371	264	39	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	264	40	foreign	foreign	ADJ
cice-11371	264	41	languages	language	NOUN
cice-11371	264	42	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	265	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	265	2	this	this	DET
cice-11371	265	3	process	process	NOUN
cice-11371	265	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	265	5	the	the	DET
cice-11371	265	6	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	265	7	begin	begin	VERB
cice-11371	265	8	to	to	PART
cice-11371	265	9	acquire	acquire	VERB
cice-11371	265	10	an	an	DET
cice-11371	265	11	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	265	12	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	265	13	the	the	DET
cice-11371	265	14	global	global	ADJ
cice-11371	265	15	context	context	NOUN
cice-11371	265	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	266	1	this	this	DET
cice-11371	266	2	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	266	3	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	266	4	further	far	ADV
cice-11371	266	5	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
cice-11371	266	6	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	266	7	the	the	DET
cice-11371	266	8	popularization	popularization	NOUN
cice-11371	266	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	266	10	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	266	11	english	english	PROPN
cice-11371	266	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	266	13	which	which	PRON
cice-11371	266	14	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	266	15	already	already	ADV
cice-11371	266	16	part	part	NOUN
cice-11371	266	17	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	266	18	the	the	DET
cice-11371	266	19	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
cice-11371	266	20	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	266	21	many	many	ADJ
cice-11371	266	22	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	266	23	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	266	24	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	267	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	267	2	media	medium	NOUN
cice-11371	267	3	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	267	4	play	play	VERB
cice-11371	267	5	a	a	DET
cice-11371	267	6	role	role	NOUN
cice-11371	267	7	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	267	8	shaping	shape	VERB
cice-11371	267	9	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	267	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	268	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	268	2	our	our	PRON
cice-11371	268	3	study	study	NOUN
cice-11371	268	4	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	268	5	textbook	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	268	6	illustrations	illustration	NOUN
cice-11371	268	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	268	8	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	268	9	living	living	NOUN
cice-11371	268	10	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	268	11	promoted	promote	VERB
cice-11371	268	12	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	268	13	traditional	traditional	ADJ
cice-11371	268	14	gender	gender	NOUN
cice-11371	268	15	roles	role	NOUN
cice-11371	268	16	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	268	17	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
cice-11371	268	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	269	1	these	these	DET
cice-11371	269	2	images	image	NOUN
cice-11371	269	3	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	269	4	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	269	5	stark	stark	ADJ
cice-11371	269	6	contrast	contrast	NOUN
cice-11371	269	7	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	269	8	the	the	DET
cice-11371	269	9	social	social	ADJ
cice-11371	269	10	realities	reality	NOUN
cice-11371	269	11	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	269	12	the	the	DET
cice-11371	269	13	majority	majority	NOUN
cice-11371	269	14	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	269	15	the	the	DET
cice-11371	269	16	population	population	NOUN
cice-11371	269	17	that	that	PRON
cice-11371	269	18	lives	live	VERB
cice-11371	269	19	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	269	20	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	269	21	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	269	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	270	1	we	we	PRON
cice-11371	270	2	also	also	ADV
cice-11371	270	3	raised	raise	VERB
cice-11371	270	4	the	the	DET
cice-11371	270	5	issue	issue	NOUN
cice-11371	270	6	that	that	SCONJ
cice-11371	270	7	not	not	PART
cice-11371	270	8	all	all	DET
cice-11371	270	9	identities	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	270	10	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	270	11	learned	learn	VERB
cice-11371	270	12	or	or	CCONJ
cice-11371	270	13	freely	freely	ADV
cice-11371	270	14	chosen	choose	VERB
cice-11371	270	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	271	1	some	some	PRON
cice-11371	271	2	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	271	3	imposed	impose	VERB
cice-11371	271	4	through	through	ADP
cice-11371	271	5	an	an	DET
cice-11371	271	6	intricate	intricate	ADJ
cice-11371	271	7	system	system	NOUN
cice-11371	271	8	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	271	9	household	household	NOUN
cice-11371	271	10	registration	registration	NOUN
cice-11371	271	11	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	272	1	as	as	ADV
cice-11371	272	2	long	long	ADV
cice-11371	272	3	as	as	SCONJ
cice-11371	272	4	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	272	5	remain	remain	VERB
cice-11371	272	6	where	where	SCONJ
cice-11371	272	7	they	they	PRON
cice-11371	272	8	are	be	AUX
cice-11371	272	9	registered	register	VERB
cice-11371	272	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	272	11	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	272	12	can	can	AUX
cice-11371	272	13	have	have	VERB
cice-11371	272	14	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	272	15	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	272	16	varying	vary	VERB
cice-11371	272	17	levels	level	NOUN
cice-11371	272	18	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	272	19	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	272	20	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	272	21	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN
cice-11371	272	22	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	273	1	migration	migration	NOUN
cice-11371	273	2	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	273	3	economic	economic	ADJ
cice-11371	273	4	purposes	purpose	NOUN
cice-11371	273	5	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	273	6	unofficially	unofficially	ADV
cice-11371	273	7	condoned	condone	VERB
cice-11371	273	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	273	9	but	but	CCONJ
cice-11371	273	10	right	right	ADV
cice-11371	273	11	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	273	12	abode	abode	NOUN
cice-11371	273	13	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	273	14	not	not	PART
cice-11371	273	15	granted	grant	VERB
cice-11371	273	16	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	273	17	thus	thus	ADV
cice-11371	273	18	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	273	19	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	273	20	schooling	schooling	NOUN
cice-11371	273	21	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	273	22	denied	deny	VERB
cice-11371	273	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	274	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
cice-11371	274	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	274	3	a	a	DET
cice-11371	274	4	person	person	NOUN
cice-11371	274	5	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	274	6	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	274	7	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	274	8	terms	term	NOUN
cice-11371	274	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	274	10	household	household	NOUN
cice-11371	274	11	registration	registration	NOUN
cice-11371	274	12	can	can	AUX
cice-11371	274	13	affect	affect	VERB
cice-11371	274	14	even	even	ADV
cice-11371	274	15	access	access	NOUN
cice-11371	274	16	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	274	17	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	274	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	275	1	references	reference	NOUN
cice-11371	275	2	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	275	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	275	4	k.	k.	PROPN
cice-11371	275	5	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	275	6	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	275	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	275	8	j.	j.	PROPN
cice-11371	275	9	e.	e.	PROPN
cice-11371	275	10	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	275	11	1998	1998	NUM
cice-11371	275	12	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	275	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	276	1	what	what	PRON
cice-11371	276	2	do	do	AUX
cice-11371	276	3	you	you	PRON
cice-11371	276	4	want	want	VERB
cice-11371	276	5	to	to	PART
cice-11371	276	6	be	be	AUX
cice-11371	276	7	when	when	SCONJ
cice-11371	276	8	you	you	PRON
cice-11371	276	9	grow	grow	VERB
cice-11371	276	10	up	up	ADP
cice-11371	276	11	?	?	PUNCT
cice-11371	277	1	an	an	DET
cice-11371	277	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cice-11371	277	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	277	4	primary	primary	ADJ
cice-11371	277	5	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	277	6	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	277	7	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	277	8	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	277	9	the	the	DET
cice-11371	277	10	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	277	11	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	277	12	republic	republic	PROPN
cice-11371	277	13	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	277	14	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	277	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	278	1	journal	journal	PROPN
cice-11371	278	2	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	278	3	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ
cice-11371	278	4	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	278	5	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
cice-11371	278	6	development	development	NOUN
cice-11371	278	7	19(3	19(3	NUM
cice-11371	278	8	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	278	9	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	278	10	171	171	NUM
cice-11371	278	11	-	-	SYM
cice-11371	278	12	181	181	NUM
cice-11371	278	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	279	1	chan	chan	PROPN
cice-11371	279	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	279	3	a.	a.	NOUN
cice-11371	279	4	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	279	5	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	279	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	279	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	280	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	280	2	culture	culture	NOUN
cice-11371	280	3	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	280	4	survival	survival	NOUN
cice-11371	280	5	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	280	6	lives	life	NOUN
cice-11371	280	7	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	280	8	migrant	migrant	ADJ
cice-11371	280	9	workers	worker	NOUN
cice-11371	280	10	through	through	ADP
cice-11371	280	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	280	12	prism	prism	NOUN
cice-11371	280	13	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	280	14	private	private	ADJ
cice-11371	280	15	letters	letter	NOUN
cice-11371	280	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	281	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	281	2	p.	p.	PROPN
cice-11371	281	3	link	link	PROPN
cice-11371	281	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	281	5	r.	r.	PROPN
cice-11371	281	6	p.	p.	PROPN
cice-11371	281	7	madsen	madsen	PROPN
cice-11371	281	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	281	9	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	281	10	p.	p.	PROPN
cice-11371	281	11	g.	g.	PROPN
cice-11371	282	1	pickowicz	pickowicz	PROPN
cice-11371	282	2	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	282	3	eds	ed	NOUN
cice-11371	282	4	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	282	5	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	282	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	282	7	popular	popular	ADJ
cice-11371	282	8	china	china	NOUN
cice-11371	282	9	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	282	10	unofficial	unofficial	ADJ
cice-11371	282	11	culture	culture	NOUN
cice-11371	282	12	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	282	13	a	a	DET
cice-11371	282	14	globalizing	globalize	VERB
cice-11371	282	15	society	society	NOUN
cice-11371	282	16	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	282	17	pp.163	pp.163	PROPN
cice-11371	282	18	-	-	ADJ
cice-11371	282	19	188	188	NUM
cice-11371	282	20	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	282	21	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	283	1	lanham	lanham	PROPN
cice-11371	283	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	283	3	md	md	PROPN
cice-11371	283	4	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	283	5	rowman	rowman	PROPN
cice-11371	283	6	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	283	7	littlefield	littlefield	PROPN
cice-11371	283	8	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	284	1	chan	chan	PROPN
cice-11371	284	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	284	3	k.	k.	PROPN
cice-11371	284	4	w.	w.	PROPN
cice-11371	284	5	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	284	6	li	li	PROPN
cice-11371	284	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	284	8	z.	z.	PROPN
cice-11371	284	9	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	284	10	1999	1999	NUM
cice-11371	284	11	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	284	12	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	285	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	285	2	hukou	hukou	PROPN
cice-11371	285	3	system	system	NOUN
cice-11371	285	4	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	285	5	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	285	6	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	285	7	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	285	8	migration	migration	NOUN
cice-11371	285	9	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	285	10	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	285	11	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	285	12	processes	process	NOUN
cice-11371	285	13	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	285	14	changes	change	NOUN
cice-11371	285	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	286	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	286	2	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	286	3	quarterly,160(4	quarterly,160(4	PROPN
cice-11371	286	4	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	286	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	286	6	818	818	NUM
cice-11371	286	7	-	-	SYM
cice-11371	286	8	855	855	NUM
cice-11371	286	9	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	287	1	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	287	2	expands	expand	VERB
cice-11371	287	3	compulsory	compulsory	ADJ
cice-11371	287	4	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	287	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	287	6	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	287	7	areas	area	NOUN
cice-11371	287	8	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	288	1	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	288	2	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	288	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	288	4	may	may	AUX
cice-11371	288	5	10	10	NUM
cice-11371	288	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	288	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	289	1	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	289	2	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	289	3	daily	daily	ADJ
cice-11371	289	4	online	online	NOUN
cice-11371	289	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	290	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
cice-11371	290	2	february	february	PROPN
cice-11371	290	3	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	290	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	290	5	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	290	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	290	7	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	290	8	http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200205/09/eng20020509_95383.shtml	http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200205/09/eng20020509_95383.shtml	PUNCT
cice-11371	290	9	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	290	10	makes	make	VERB
cice-11371	290	11	schooling	schooling	NOUN
cice-11371	290	12	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	290	13	migrant	migrant	ADJ
cice-11371	290	14	children	child	NOUN
cice-11371	290	15	easier	easy	ADJ
cice-11371	290	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	291	1	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	291	2	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	291	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	291	4	july	july	PROPN
cice-11371	291	5	10	10	NUM
cice-11371	291	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	291	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	292	1	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	292	2	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	292	3	daily	daily	ADJ
cice-11371	292	4	online	online	NOUN
cice-11371	292	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	293	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
cice-11371	293	2	february	february	PROPN
cice-11371	293	3	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	293	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	293	5	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	293	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	293	7	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	293	8	http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200207/10/eng20020710_99453.shtml	http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200207/10/eng20020710_99453.shtml	PROPN
cice-11371	293	9	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	293	10	to	to	PART
cice-11371	293	11	popularize	popularize	VERB
cice-11371	293	12	mandarin	mandarin	NOUN
cice-11371	293	13	by	by	ADP
cice-11371	293	14	2010	2010	NUM
cice-11371	293	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	294	1	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	294	2	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	294	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	294	4	june	june	PROPN
cice-11371	294	5	17	17	NUM
cice-11371	294	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	294	7	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	294	8	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	294	9	daily	daily	ADJ
cice-11371	294	10	online	online	NOUN
cice-11371	294	11	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	295	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
cice-11371	295	2	february	february	PROPN
cice-11371	295	3	3	3	NUM
cice-11371	295	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	295	5	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	295	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	295	7	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	295	8	http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200209/13/eng20020913_103122.shtml	http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200209/13/eng20020913_103122.shtml	ADP
cice-11371	295	9	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	295	10	schools	school	NOUN
cice-11371	295	11	urged	urge	VERB
cice-11371	295	12	to	to	PART
cice-11371	295	13	publicize	publicize	VERB
cice-11371	295	14	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	295	15	charges	charge	NOUN
cice-11371	295	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	296	1	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	296	2	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	296	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	296	4	june	june	PROPN
cice-11371	296	5	17	17	NUM
cice-11371	296	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	296	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	297	1	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	297	2	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	297	3	daily	daily	ADJ
cice-11371	297	4	online	online	NOUN
cice-11371	297	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	298	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
cice-11371	298	2	february	february	PROPN
cice-11371	298	3	20	20	NUM
cice-11371	298	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	298	5	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	298	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	298	7	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	298	8	http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200206/17/eng20020617_98018.shtml	http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200206/17/eng20020617_98018.shtml	PUNCT
cice-11371	298	9	first	first	ADJ
cice-11371	298	10	steps	step	NOUN
cice-11371	298	11	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	298	12	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	298	13	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	298	14	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	298	15	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
cice-11371	298	16	current	current	ADJ
cice-11371	298	17	issues	issue	NOUN
cice-11371	298	18	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	298	19	comparative	comparative	ADJ
cice-11371	298	20	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	298	21	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	298	22	vol.5	vol.5	PROPN
cice-11371	298	23	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	298	24	2	2	NUM
cice-11371	298	25	)	)	SYM
cice-11371	298	26	115	115	NUM
cice-11371	298	27	efforts	effort	NOUN
cice-11371	298	28	made	make	VERB
cice-11371	298	29	to	to	PART
cice-11371	298	30	wipe	wipe	VERB
cice-11371	298	31	out	out	ADP
cice-11371	298	32	illiteracy	illiteracy	NOUN
cice-11371	298	33	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	299	1	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	299	2	1991	1991	NUM
cice-11371	299	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	299	4	april	april	PROPN
cice-11371	299	5	23	23	NUM
cice-11371	299	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	299	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	300	1	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	300	2	daily	daily	PROPN
cice-11371	300	3	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	301	1	fu	fu	PROPN
cice-11371	301	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	301	3	z.	z.	PROPN
cice-11371	301	4	putonghua	putonghua	PROPN
cice-11371	301	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	302	1	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	302	2	1992	1992	NUM
cice-11371	302	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	302	4	may	may	AUX
cice-11371	302	5	18	18	NUM
cice-11371	302	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	302	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	303	1	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	303	2	daily	daily	PROPN
cice-11371	303	3	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	304	1	gustafsson	gustafsson	PROPN
cice-11371	304	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	304	3	b.	b.	PROPN
cice-11371	304	4	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	304	5	zhong	zhong	PROPN
cice-11371	304	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	304	7	w.	w.	PROPN
cice-11371	304	8	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	304	9	2000	2000	NUM
cice-11371	304	10	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	304	11	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	305	1	how	how	SCONJ
cice-11371	305	2	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	305	3	why	why	SCONJ
cice-11371	305	4	has	have	AUX
cice-11371	305	5	poverty	poverty	NOUN
cice-11371	305	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	305	7	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	305	8	changed	change	VERB
cice-11371	305	9	?	?	PUNCT
cice-11371	306	1	a	a	DET
cice-11371	306	2	study	study	NOUN
cice-11371	306	3	based	base	VERB
cice-11371	306	4	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	306	5	microdata	microdata	NOUN
cice-11371	306	6	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	306	7	1988	1988	NUM
cice-11371	306	8	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	306	9	1995	1995	NUM
cice-11371	306	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	307	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	307	2	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	307	3	quarterly	quarterly	PROPN
cice-11371	307	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	307	5	164(4	164(4	NUM
cice-11371	307	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	307	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	307	8	983	983	NUM
cice-11371	307	9	-	-	SYM
cice-11371	307	10	1006	1006	NUM
cice-11371	307	11	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	308	1	hansen	hansen	PROPN
cice-11371	308	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	308	3	m.	m.	PROPN
cice-11371	308	4	h.	h.	PROPN
cice-11371	308	5	92001	92001	NUM
cice-11371	308	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	308	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	309	1	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
cice-11371	309	2	minority	minority	NOUN
cice-11371	309	3	girls	girl	NOUN
cice-11371	309	4	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	309	5	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	309	6	school	school	NOUN
cice-11371	309	7	benches	bench	NOUN
cice-11371	309	8	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	309	9	gender	gender	NOUN
cice-11371	309	10	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
cice-11371	309	11	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	309	12	minority	minority	NOUN
cice-11371	309	13	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	309	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	310	2	g.	g.	PROPN
cice-11371	310	3	peterson	peterson	PROPN
cice-11371	310	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	5	r.	r.	PROPN
cice-11371	310	6	hayhoe	hayhoe	PROPN
cice-11371	310	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	8	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	310	9	y.	y.	PROPN
cice-11371	310	10	lu	lu	PROPN
cice-11371	310	11	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	12	eds	eds	PROPN
cice-11371	310	13	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	14	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	15	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	16	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	310	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	18	culture	culture	NOUN
cice-11371	310	19	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	20	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	310	21	identity	identity	NOUN
cice-11371	310	22	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	310	23	twentieth	twentieth	ADJ
cice-11371	310	24	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	25	century	century	NOUN
cice-11371	310	26	china	china	NOUN
cice-11371	310	27	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	28	pp.403	pp.403	NOUN
cice-11371	310	29	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	30	429	429	NUM
cice-11371	310	31	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	310	32	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	311	1	hong	hong	PROPN
cice-11371	311	2	kong	kong	PROPN
cice-11371	311	3	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	311	4	hong	hong	PROPN
cice-11371	311	5	kong	kong	PROPN
cice-11371	311	6	university	university	PROPN
cice-11371	311	7	press	press	NOUN
cice-11371	311	8	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	312	1	hong	hong	PROPN
cice-11371	312	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	312	3	x.	x.	NOUN
cice-11371	312	4	1998	1998	NUM
cice-11371	312	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	313	1	minority	minority	NOUN
cice-11371	313	2	languages	language	NOUN
cice-11371	313	3	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	313	4	dehong	dehong	ADJ
cice-11371	313	5	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	313	6	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	313	7	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	313	8	policy	policy	NOUN
cice-11371	313	9	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	313	10	reality	reality	NOUN
cice-11371	313	11	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	314	1	journal	journal	NOUN
cice-11371	314	2	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	314	3	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ
cice-11371	314	4	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	314	5	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
cice-11371	314	6	development	development	NOUN
cice-11371	314	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	314	8	19(3	19(3	NUM
cice-11371	314	9	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	314	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	314	11	221	221	NUM
cice-11371	314	12	-	-	SYM
cice-11371	314	13	235	235	NUM
cice-11371	314	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	315	1	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	NOUN
cice-11371	315	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	315	3	j.	j.	PROPN
cice-11371	315	4	e.	e.	PROPN
cice-11371	315	5	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	315	6	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	315	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	315	8	k.	k.	PROPN
cice-11371	315	9	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	315	10	1999	1999	NUM
cice-11371	315	11	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	315	12	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	316	1	learning	learn	VERB
cice-11371	316	2	to	to	PART
cice-11371	316	3	read	read	VERB
cice-11371	316	4	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	316	5	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	316	6	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	316	7	sociolinguistic	sociolinguistic	ADJ
cice-11371	316	8	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
cice-11371	316	9	on	on	ADP
cice-11371	316	10	the	the	DET
cice-11371	316	11	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
cice-11371	316	12	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	316	13	literacy	literacy	NOUN
cice-11371	316	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	317	1	lewiston	lewiston	PROPN
cice-11371	317	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	317	3	ny	ny	PROPN
cice-11371	317	4	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	317	5	edwin	edwin	PROPN
cice-11371	317	6	mellen	mellen	PROPN
cice-11371	317	7	press	press	PROPN
cice-11371	317	8	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	318	1	kwong	kwong	PROPN
cice-11371	318	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	318	3	j.	j.	PROPN
cice-11371	318	4	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	318	5	1985	1985	NUM
cice-11371	318	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	318	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	319	1	changing	change	VERB
cice-11371	319	2	political	political	ADJ
cice-11371	319	3	culture	culture	NOUN
cice-11371	319	4	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	319	5	changing	change	VERB
cice-11371	319	6	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
cice-11371	319	7	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	319	8	an	an	DET
cice-11371	319	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cice-11371	319	10	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	319	11	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	319	12	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
cice-11371	319	13	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	319	14	the	the	DET
cice-11371	319	15	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	319	16	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	319	17	republic	republic	PROPN
cice-11371	319	18	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	319	19	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	319	20	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	320	1	comparative	comparative	ADJ
cice-11371	320	2	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	320	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	320	4	21(2	21(2	NUM
cice-11371	320	5	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	320	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	320	7	197	197	NUM
cice-11371	320	8	-	-	SYM
cice-11371	320	9	208	208	NUM
cice-11371	320	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	321	1	lepage	lepage	PROPN
cice-11371	321	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	321	3	r.	r.	PROPN
cice-11371	321	4	b.	b.	PROPN
cice-11371	321	5	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	321	6	1964	1964	NUM
cice-11371	321	7	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	321	8	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	322	1	the	the	DET
cice-11371	322	2	national	national	ADJ
cice-11371	322	3	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	322	4	question	question	NOUN
cice-11371	322	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	323	1	london	london	PROPN
cice-11371	323	2	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	323	3	oxford	oxford	PROPN
cice-11371	323	4	university	university	PROPN
cice-11371	323	5	press	press	NOUN
cice-11371	323	6	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	324	1	li	li	PROPN
cice-11371	324	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	324	3	z.	z.	PROPN
cice-11371	324	4	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	324	5	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	324	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	324	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	325	1	urban	urban	ADJ
cice-11371	325	2	experiences	experience	NOUN
cice-11371	325	3	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	325	4	social	social	ADJ
cice-11371	325	5	belonging	belong	VERB
cice-11371	325	6	among	among	ADP
cice-11371	325	7	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	325	8	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	325	9	migrants	migrant	NOUN
cice-11371	325	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	326	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	326	2	p.	p.	PROPN
cice-11371	326	3	link	link	PROPN
cice-11371	326	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	326	5	r.	r.	PROPN
cice-11371	326	6	p.	p.	PROPN
cice-11371	326	7	madsen	madsen	PROPN
cice-11371	326	8	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	326	9	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	326	10	p.	p.	PROPN
cice-11371	326	11	g.	g.	PROPN
cice-11371	327	1	pickowicz	pickowicz	PROPN
cice-11371	327	2	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	327	3	eds	ed	NOUN
cice-11371	327	4	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	327	5	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	327	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	327	7	popular	popular	ADJ
cice-11371	327	8	china	china	NOUN
cice-11371	327	9	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	327	10	unofficial	unofficial	ADJ
cice-11371	327	11	culture	culture	NOUN
cice-11371	327	12	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	327	13	a	a	DET
cice-11371	327	14	globalizing	globalize	VERB
cice-11371	327	15	society	society	NOUN
cice-11371	327	16	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	327	17	pp.275	pp.275	PROPN
cice-11371	327	18	-	-	PUNCT
cice-11371	327	19	299	299	NUM
cice-11371	327	20	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	327	21	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	328	1	lanham	lanham	PROPN
cice-11371	328	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	328	3	md	md	PROPN
cice-11371	328	4	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	328	5	rowman	rowman	PROPN
cice-11371	328	6	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	328	7	littlefield	littlefield	PROPN
cice-11371	328	8	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	328	9	mallee	mallee	PROPN
cice-11371	328	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	328	11	h.	h.	PROPN
cice-11371	328	12	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	328	13	2000	2000	NUM
cice-11371	328	14	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	328	15	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	329	1	migration	migration	NOUN
cice-11371	329	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	329	3	hukou	hukou	NOUN
cice-11371	329	4	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	329	5	resistance	resistance	NOUN
cice-11371	329	6	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	329	7	reform	reform	PROPN
cice-11371	329	8	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	329	9	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	330	1	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	330	2	e.	e.	PROPN
cice-11371	330	3	j.	j.	PROPN
cice-11371	330	4	perry	perry	PROPN
cice-11371	330	5	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	330	6	m.	m.	PROPN
cice-11371	330	7	selden	selden	PROPN
cice-11371	330	8	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	330	9	eds	ed	NOUN
cice-11371	330	10	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	330	11	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	330	12	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	330	13	chinese	chinese	ADJ
cice-11371	330	14	society	society	NOUN
cice-11371	330	15	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	330	16	change	change	NOUN
cice-11371	330	17	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	330	18	conflict	conflict	NOUN
cice-11371	330	19	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	330	20	resistance	resistance	NOUN
cice-11371	330	21	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	330	22	pp	pp	ADJ
cice-11371	330	23	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	330	24	83	83	NUM
cice-11371	330	25	-	-	SYM
cice-11371	330	26	101	101	NUM
cice-11371	330	27	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	330	28	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	331	1	london	london	PROPN
cice-11371	331	2	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	331	3	routledge	routledge	PROPN
cice-11371	331	4	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	332	1	our	our	PRON
cice-11371	332	2	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	332	3	still	still	ADV
cice-11371	332	4	alive	alive	ADJ
cice-11371	332	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	333	1	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	333	2	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	333	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	333	4	february	february	PROPN
cice-11371	333	5	28	28	NUM
cice-11371	333	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	333	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	334	1	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	334	2	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	334	3	daily	daily	ADJ
cice-11371	334	4	online	online	NOUN
cice-11371	334	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	335	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
cice-11371	335	2	february	february	PROPN
cice-11371	335	3	21	21	NUM
cice-11371	335	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	335	5	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	335	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	335	7	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	335	8	http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200202/28/eng20020228_91144.shtml	http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200202/28/eng20020228_91144.shtml	SYM
cice-11371	335	9	wang	wang	PROPN
cice-11371	335	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	335	11	c.	c.	PROPN
cice-11371	335	12	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	335	13	ed	ed	NOUN
cice-11371	335	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	335	15	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	335	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	336	1	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	336	2	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	336	3	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	336	4	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	337	1	mingpai	mingpai	NOUN
cice-11371	337	2	xiaoxue	xiaoxue	PROPN
cice-11371	337	3	ruxue	ruxue	PROPN
cice-11371	337	4	ceshi	ceshi	PROPN
cice-11371	337	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	338	1	shanghai	shanghai	PROPN
cice-11371	338	2	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	339	1	shanghai	shanghai	PROPN
cice-11371	339	2	wabao	wabao	VERB
cice-11371	339	3	fan	fan	PROPN
cice-11371	339	4	shi	shi	PROPN
cice-11371	339	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	340	1	who	who	PRON
cice-11371	340	2	should	should	AUX
cice-11371	340	3	pay	pay	VERB
cice-11371	340	4	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	340	5	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	340	6	rural	rural	ADJ
cice-11371	340	7	primary	primary	ADJ
cice-11371	340	8	education	education	NOUN
cice-11371	340	9	?	?	PUNCT
cice-11371	341	1	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	341	2	2002	2002	NUM
cice-11371	341	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	341	4	december	december	PROPN
cice-11371	341	5	21	21	NUM
cice-11371	341	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	341	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	342	1	people	people	NOUN
cice-11371	342	2	’s	’s	PART
cice-11371	342	3	daily	daily	ADJ
cice-11371	342	4	online	online	NOUN
cice-11371	342	5	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	343	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
cice-11371	343	2	february	february	PROPN
cice-11371	343	3	20	20	NUM
cice-11371	343	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	343	5	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	343	6	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	343	7	from	from	ADP
cice-11371	343	8	http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200212/21/eng20021221_108837.shtml	http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200212/21/eng20021221_108837.shtml	PROPN
cice-11371	343	9	zhang	zhang	PROPN
cice-11371	343	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	343	11	q.	q.	PROPN
cice-11371	343	12	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	343	13	zhu	zhu	PROPN
cice-11371	343	14	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	343	15	j.	j.	PROPN
cice-11371	343	16	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	343	17	eds	eds	PROPN
cice-11371	343	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	343	19	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	343	20	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	344	1	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	344	2	1999	1999	NUM
cice-11371	344	3	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	344	4	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	345	1	yuwen	yuwen	NOUN
cice-11371	345	2	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	346	1	nanjing	nanjing	PROPN
cice-11371	346	2	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	346	3	jiangsu	jiangsu	PROPN
cice-11371	346	4	jiaoyu	jiaoyu	PROPN
cice-11371	346	5	chubanshe	chubanshe	PROPN
cice-11371	346	6	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	347	1	zhou	zhou	PROPN
cice-11371	347	2	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	347	3	m.	m.	NOUN
cice-11371	347	4	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	347	5	2000	2000	NUM
cice-11371	347	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	347	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	348	1	language	language	NOUN
cice-11371	348	2	policy	policy	NOUN
cice-11371	348	3	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	348	4	illiteracy	illiteracy	NOUN
cice-11371	348	5	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	348	6	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
cice-11371	348	7	minority	minority	NOUN
cice-11371	348	8	communities	community	NOUN
cice-11371	348	9	in	in	ADP
cice-11371	348	10	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	348	11	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	349	1	journal	journal	PROPN
cice-11371	349	2	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	349	3	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ
cice-11371	349	4	and	and	CCONJ
cice-11371	349	5	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
cice-11371	349	6	development	development	NOUN
cice-11371	349	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	349	8	21(2	21(2	NUM
cice-11371	349	9	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	349	10	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	349	11	129	129	NUM
cice-11371	349	12	-	-	SYM
cice-11371	349	13	148	148	NUM
cice-11371	349	14	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	350	1	john	john	PROPN
cice-11371	350	2	e.	e.	PROPN
cice-11371	350	3	ingulsrud	ingulsrud	PROPN
cice-11371	350	4	&	&	CCONJ
cice-11371	350	5	kate	kate	PROPN
cice-11371	350	6	allen	allen	PROPN
cice-11371	351	1	116	116	NUM
cice-11371	351	2	may	may	PROPN
cice-11371	351	3	12	12	NUM
cice-11371	351	4	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	351	5	2003	2003	NUM
cice-11371	351	6	zhu	zhu	PROPN
cice-11371	351	7	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	351	8	y.	y.	PROPN
cice-11371	351	9	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
cice-11371	351	10	want	want	VERB
cice-11371	351	11	to	to	PART
cice-11371	351	12	stop	stop	VERB
cice-11371	351	13	‘	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	351	14	pollution	pollution	NOUN
cice-11371	351	15	’	'	PUNCT
cice-11371	351	16	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	351	17	chinese	chinese	PROPN
cice-11371	351	18	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	352	1	(	(	PUNCT
cice-11371	352	2	1991	1991	NUM
cice-11371	352	3	,	,	PUNCT
cice-11371	352	4	june	june	PROPN
cice-11371	352	5	7	7	NUM
cice-11371	352	6	)	)	PUNCT
cice-11371	352	7	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	353	1	china	china	PROPN
cice-11371	353	2	daily	daily	PROPN
cice-11371	353	3	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	354	1	background	background	NOUN
cice-11371	354	2	to	to	ADP
cice-11371	354	3	this	this	DET
cice-11371	354	4	article	article	NOUN
cice-11371	354	5	:	:	PUNCT
cice-11371	354	6	cice	cice	NOUN
cice-11371	354	7	is	be	AUX
cice-11371	354	8	not	not	PART
cice-11371	354	9	responsible	responsible	ADJ
cice-11371	354	10	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	354	11	the	the	DET
cice-11371	354	12	content	content	NOUN
cice-11371	354	13	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	354	14	external	external	ADJ
cice-11371	354	15	links	link	NOUN
cice-11371	354	16	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	355	1	un	un	PROPN
cice-11371	355	2	tech	tech	PROPN
cice-11371	355	3	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	356	1	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
cice-11371	356	2	among	among	ADP
cice-11371	356	3	dev	dev	PROPN
cice-11371	356	4	.	.	PUNCT
cice-11371	357	1	countries	country	NOUN
cice-11371	357	2	http://www.tcdcwide.net/tcdcweb/index.html	http://www.tcdcwide.net/tcdcweb/index.html	PROPN
cice-11371	357	3	cooperation	cooperation	PROPN
cice-11371	357	4	south	south	PROPN
cice-11371	357	5	journal	journal	PROPN
cice-11371	357	6	http://tcdc.undp.org/coopsouth/default.asp	http://tcdc.undp.org/coopsouth/default.asp	PROPN
cice-11371	357	7	un	un	PROPN
cice-11371	357	8	web	web	NOUN
cice-11371	357	9	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	357	10	information	information	NOUN
cice-11371	357	11	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	357	12	development	development	NOUN
cice-11371	357	13	http://www.undp.org/tcdc/wide/	http://www.undp.org/tcdc/wide/	PROPN
cice-11371	357	14	buenos	buenos	PROPN
cice-11371	357	15	aires	aires	PROPN
cice-11371	357	16	plan	plan	NOUN
cice-11371	357	17	of	of	ADP
cice-11371	357	18	action	action	NOUN
cice-11371	357	19	http://www.iisd.ca/climate/cop5/bapa.html	http://www.iisd.ca/climate/cop5/bapa.html	ADV
cice-11371	357	20	oas	oas	VERB
cice-11371	357	21	horizontal	horizontal	ADJ
cice-11371	357	22	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
cice-11371	357	23	program	program	NOUN
cice-11371	357	24	http://www.cidi.oas.org/coophoreng.asp	http://www.cidi.oas.org/coophoreng.asp	VERB
cice-11371	357	25	brazilian	brazilian	ADJ
cice-11371	357	26	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
cice-11371	357	27	agency	agency	PROPN
cice-11371	357	28	http://www.abc.mre.gov.br	http://www.abc.mre.gov.br	PROPN
cice-11371	357	29	south	south	PROPN
cice-11371	357	30	asian	asian	PROPN
cice-11371	357	31	association	association	PROPN
cice-11371	357	32	for	for	ADP
cice-11371	357	33	regional	regional	ADJ
cice-11371	357	34	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
cice-11371	357	35	http://www.saarc-sec.org/	http://www.saarc-sec.org/	X