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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-07 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 22th May, 2021 &  Published 29th May, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

23 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

 

SOCIAL CONDITION OF HOLY PLACE IN WEST INDIA: ACCUMULATION FROM 
SIGNATURE (C. 11TH TO THIRTEENTH CENTURY CE) 

 

Narayana Swami G. 

Department Of History  , Karnatak University Dharwad,India 

 

 

INTRODUCTION 

It shows up from early Indian history  up to 
c.1300 CE  that people have utilized both land 
and water to satisfy the necessaries of life. This is 
upheld by archaeological confirmations 
Chakrabarti 1998 and verifiable encounters 
Chakravarti 2012  through hundreds of years 
from as right on time as the times of the 
preliterate stage in early India. From these 
confirmations we discover that individuals have 
related their exercises to various sections of the 
earth. These are the bumpy territory, the riverine 
region, the agrarian region, the littoral region, 
the peaceful region or even the crude region 
Chattopadhyaya 2004:40. Hence they have 
changed their actual scene as and when they 

have felt it important to do. In doing this, 
individuals have assembled, as we learn, 
different encounters regarding their associations 
with their environmental factors through ages. In 
this association we like to recommend that 
people have created two fundamental feelings. 
The first is identified with the possibility of 
causation associated with spirits, divinities or 
forces of nature in the universe and the second is 
worried about the possibility of a spirit alluding 
to the post-existence  Hastings 1956: 676 . We 
are informed that it is just Knowledge  
Brahmavidyā that can guarantee discharge  
mokṣa  for people from a wide range of 
servitude. Along these lines we go to 'the tenet of 
immigration   sansāra.' According to the 
convention, after death a man returns to this 

ABSTRACT  
 
The sanctuary means one's convictions. Its primary highlights have likewise stood out for one. George 
Michell, Stella Kramrisch, Krishna Deva and some different researchers have examined the 'which means and 
structures', expressive, strict and otherworldly meaning of the sanctuary. We additionally discover the 
sanctuary being referenced regarding a comprehension of early Indian political, monetary and socio-strict 
exercises in north and south India. Furthermore, the sanctuary is additionally known to have been related 
with social exhibitions like dramatization and so on Luckily, in such manner we have various epigraphic 
records from west India, especially from Rajasthan and Gujarat, which point out the social part of the 
sanctuary during the c. 11th to thirteenth century CE. The current article looks to consider this part of the 
sanctuary. 
 
 
KEYWORDS:- West India, sanctuary, social angle, engravings, epigraphic record 
 
 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(5): 23-25, May 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-07 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 22th May, 2021 &  Published 29th May, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

24 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

world. In this association we track down that the 
activities  karma of a person influence their 
resurrection  Michell 1976: 15. We discover that 
there are approaches to definite delivery and one 
of the ways is journey. It is accepted that journey 
guarantees discharge for the individuals who 
have controlled their brains and activities. 
Consequently we approach the event of 
consecrated spots  tīrthakṣetra like Dvārakā, 
Badri and so forth  Bhardwaj 1972 . We are 
additionally informed that in these spots divine 
beings consistently stay. One can get last delivery  
mokṣa  from a particularly consecrated spot 
Kramrisch 1997: 3-3 . A correspondence with 
heavenly nature is hence settled. Such contact is 
set up through one's convictions. We track down 
that the sanctuary as a connection between 
people and divine beings addresses the human 
journey for contact with godlikeness  Michell 
1976: 62 . Accordingly the sanctuary implies 
their convictions. Thusly one trademark 
highlight of a consecrated spot might be the 
sanctuary  Kramrisch 1997: 6  Devālaya . The 
underlying highlights of the sanctuary are 
notable to have pulled in the consideration of the 
researcher.  

 

DISCUSSION 

 

We are informed that a Sanskrit play called 
Karṇasundarī Nāṭikā by Bihlaṇa was acted in the 
sanctuary of Ādinātha. The show was created 
during the rule time of Karṇa of VS 1112-1151  
CE 1064-1092 . We are additionally informed 
that individuals used to see such social execution 
at the sanctuary. Presumably some of them 
comprehended the feeling of the show. Such 
social execution was hung on happy event.  
Sandesara: 17 . We gain from the Arthuna  close 
to Banswara lat. 241 south, long. 741 east, 
Rajasthan  engraving of the Paramāra lord 

Chāmuṇḍarāja of Vikrama-Saṁvat 1137  CE 
1078  that the two celebrations for the benefit of 
the Maṇḍaleśa  Śiva  sanctuary were held; one 
was the Caitra     March-April  celebration  
Caitryām and the different was 'the celebration 
of the consecrated string'  Pavitryām  Barnett 
1981: 285-283, 301, 308. We are informed that 
the two such celebrations Caitra and 
Pavitraiwere yearly celebrated in numerous 
South Indian sanctuaries  Narasimhachar 1908: 
52 .The sanctuary's investment in the 
celebrations was upheld by the broker. Now we 
may allude to another social exhibition of the 
sanctuary. Regarding the parade related 
celebration  Yātrāmahotsava  of Mahāvīra a 
Sanskrit dramatization named Moharājaparājaya  
success on lord Moha or obliviousness  by 
Yaśaḥpāla was acted at the sanctuary developed 
by the Chaulukya ruler Kumārapāla of VS 1201-
1228  CE 1142-1170. The play depicts that 
Kumārapāla was changed over to Jainism. He was 
disallowed from creature slaughtering and kept 
from taking properties of the individuals who 
passed on without beneficiaries. The 
dramatization was arranged to show that the Jain 
religion had a part in the guideline of the realm. 
Sandesara: 14.  

 

CONCLUSION 

 

 From the conversation made that far creates the 
impression that the sanctuary other than its 
compositional significance was a valuable 
medium to the ruler to solidify his force and 
authority. The sanctuary gave the space which 
the merchant found supportive to carry on his 
financial exercises. Accordingly the political and 
financial parts of the sanctuary are notable. Aside 
from these the sanctuary as a social organization 
additionally assumed a social part and imparted 
tasteful sense to the everyday citizens in south 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(5): 23-25, May 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-07 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 22th May, 2021 &  Published 29th May, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

25 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

India, yet additionally in west India.  

 

REFERENCES  

 
1. Beneth, deniel D. 1983. 'Arthuna 

Inscription of the Paramara 
Chamundaraja Vikrama-Samvat 1137', 
Epigraphia Indica XIV (21): 294-297, 301, 
308.  

 
2. Bhuwanishankar, v. R. 1913 'Anāvāā 

stone engraving of Sāraṅgadeva  Vikrama 
Saṁvat 1349', Indian Antiquary:21-22.  

 
3. Bhuwanishankar, v. j. 1982. 'Lālrāī Stone 

Inscription of Lākhaṇapāla and 
Abhayapāla;  Vikrama Saṁvat 1234', 
Epigraphia Indica XI (XVI): 55-52.  

 
4. Bhuwanishankar, v.j.. 1981. 'The 

Chahamanas of Marwar', Epigraphia 
Indica XI(XIX): 55-56.  

 
5. vasudeva r.p.s.. 1981. 'Bhinmal Stone 

Inscription of Udayasiṁhadeva; 
[Vikrama] Saṁvat 1307', Epigraphia 
Indica XI (XX):56-58.  

 
6. Bhuwanishankar,  v.j.. 1974. Hindu Places 

of Pilgrimage in India (A Study in Cultural 
Geography). Berkeley: University of 
California Press 


