




































CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(7): 34-41, July 2021      
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-07 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 26th July, 2021 &  Published 31thJuly, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

34 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

 

PROCESSES OF PUBLIC POLICY TRANSFORMATION FOR WOMEN 
 

Nodira Odiljonovna Toliboeva 

(PhD), Uzbek State University of World Languages Senior Teacher of the Department of History of Uzbekistan 

 

INTRODUCTION 

Uzbekistan has become a party to more than 60 
international human rights treaties, 23 of which 
are directly aimed at protecting the interests of 
women. One of the important directions of state 
policy is to increase the political activity of 
women, to create new jobs for them to solve 
their social problems, to increase their prestige 
in the economic sphere, entrepreneurship, 
science and technology and state building. As a 
result, the legal framework for the protection of 
women, the family, motherhood and childhood 
has been created. 

At the same time, at a new stage of development 
of Uzbekistan, since women's activism plays an 
important role in increasing the effectiveness of 
reforms, more stable and dynamic development 
of the country, there was a need to develop forms 
of structural mechanisms aimed at supporting 

women legally and comprehensively based on an 
approach of treating them differently. 

METHODS 

Methods such as historical, systematic, 
comparative, quantitative analysis, chronological 
and interdisciplinary approaches, and surveys 
are used in the article. A number of studies have 
been conducted on the role of women in the 
family and society, increasing their socio-
political and economic activity, social protection, 
legal culture, employment, as well as women's 
issues. Scientists such as S.Safaeva, M.Irisova, 
S.Khodjaeva, E.Sultanova, A.Huseynova, 
G.Ganieva, N.Djuraeva are among them. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 

The experience of developed countries shows 
that a policy based on gender equality fully 

ABSTRACT  
 
The article analyzes the changes in the state policy towards women in the Republic of Uzbekistan and its 
main stages, the creation of the necessary legal and social guarantees for women, as well as state measures 
to solve social problems among women. It also highlights the responsibilities of the Mahalla and Family 
Support Ministry towards women. 
 
 
KEYWORDS: - State policy in relation to women, treatment of women, protection of family interests, female 
social activism, social protection, Women's Committee, Ministry of Neighborhood and Family Support. 
 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(7): 34-41, July 2021      
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-07 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 26th July, 2021 &  Published 31thJuly, 2021  

 

 
 

 

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reflects the interests of all citizens. Therefore, in 
order to achieve equal participation of women in 
society, it is necessary to provide them with 
more support, education and care. As the famous 
English sociologist E. Giddens put it: "Gender is 
not a physical difference between a man and a 
woman, but a social formation of the 
characteristics of a man and a woman" [1]. 

The creation of the necessary legal and social 
guarantees for women testifies to the fact that 
radical changes and innovations in all spheres of 
life of the republic have focused on the following 
socio-political issues related to women. In 
particular, to increase the status of women in 
society, their social and political activity, to 
ensure their participation in public 
administration, important government decisions, 
to increase the intellectual potential of women 
and to create wider and more real opportunities 
for their expression in various fields; 

to create the necessary conditions for domestic 
work in accordance with social activity, to ensure 
employment at home, to prevent any 
discrimination against women in the family and 
society, to form a healthy mother in the country , 
promoting a healthy lifestyle among the 
population and youth; 

support for women's entrepreneurship, creating 
opportunities for them to run small businesses 
and family businesses, and providing 
comprehensive support to women entrepreneurs 
[2]. 

One of the most pressing development 
challenges is to ensure the rights and interests of 
citizens and to achieve equality. That is why 
women's social activism, views on their role and 
status in society laid the groundwork for the 
achievement of equality between men and 
women in the international arena, the 
eradication of poverty and the creation of 
conditions for the full development of everyone. 

The state policy on women in the country can be 
divided into 3 stages according to their content: 

The first stage - the organizational and legal basis 
of women's socio-political activity in 1991-2000. 
In particular, the Women's Committee of 
Uzbekistan was established. A special concept for 
the provision of legal and social guarantees for 
women was developed and the committee was 
formally incorporated into the power structure 
[4]. In the Year of Women, legal acts were 
adopted to legally guarantee the interests of 
women, expand their participation in decision-
making, and ensure their economic 
independence. 

It is known that in the early years of 
independence, the main task of women's councils 
was to protect women from unemployment due 
to the closure of enterprises that could not justify 
themselves in a market economy, the 
privatization of most enterprises, the reduction 
of management. Therefore, in the discussion of 
the meeting of the Committee on Health, 
Women's Affairs, Motherhood and Childhood of 
the Supreme Council of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan on February 4, 1991, in order to 
ensure the social protection of women in the 
future, the following proposals were considered: 

- Granting women who have worked for 20 
years and raised five children the right to 
retire at the age of 45; 

- Retirement at the age of 50, for those who 
have worked for 30 years, regardless of the 
number of children; 

- Reduction of women's working days with 
full pay; 

- Adoption of the Republican Law on 
Restriction of Child Labor in the 
Organization of Family Contracts; 

- Increasing family responsibility through 
education. 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(7): 34-41, July 2021      
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-07 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 26th July, 2021 &  Published 31thJuly, 2021  

 

 
 

 

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Also, on March 27, 1991, at the Republican 
Congress of Agricultural Workers, the 
employment of women at home, the opening of 
employment records, pensions, assistance, the 
creation of the necessary benefits and conditions, 
freeing them from hard work, the need to create 
a shorter working day, to create cultural and 
living conditions for daily life, and to eliminate 
shortcomings in this area as soon as possible 
were emphasized [6]. 

 However, as important as the above proposals 
are in protecting the interests of women and the 
family, they have not been legally consolidated 
for many years. 

In accordance with the Decree of the Cabinet of 
Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 
March 1, 1991 "On the Women's Committee of 
the Republic of Uzbekistan" at the conference 
held on December 27 in Termez (Certificate No. 
098) the formation of the Women’s committee 
was also an important historical event. The main 
task of the Committee is to implement the state 
policy towards women, to increase the role of 
women in society, to protect their interests, to 
meet the various spiritual and cultural needs, as 
well as socio-economic, legal and moral support, 
protection of family, motherhood and childhood. 
It should be noted that in accordance with a 
special concept for the provision of legal and 
social guarantees for women, "Ecology and 
Women", "Social Protection of Women's Labor", 
"Women, Family and Community", activities 
within the framework of practical programs such 
as "Healthy generation is the basis of a healthy 
society" during the years of independence have 
had a positive impact on strengthening the status 
of women in the family and society and their 
development. 

In this regard, on the basis of the Law of the 
Republic of Uzbekistan "On Public Organizations" 
in 1991, based on the goals and objectives of the 
Women's Committee of Uzbekistan, the Charter 

was revised (this Charter was approved in 1987) 
[ 8]. The charter was amended based on the goals 
and objectives of the committee. First, the 
Charter perfectly describes the main tasks of the 
committee, and second, it defines the main tasks 
of the labor collectives and the provincial, city 
and district women's committees. Third, the 
Charter sets out the legal basis for the 
committee's work. 

According to the Special Presidential Decree No. 
PF-1084 of March 2, 1995 "On measures to 
enhance the role of women in the state and social 
construction of the Republic of Uzbekistan", the 
Chairman of the Women's Committee of 
Uzbekistan, O ' The Deputy Prime Minister of the 
Republic of Uzbekistan, the Chairman of the 
Women's Committee of the Republic of 
Karakalpakstan were given the status of Deputy 
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers, the 
chairmen of the Women's Committees of 
Tashkent city and regions were given the status 
of deputy governors. This ensured the formal 
inclusion of women’s committees in the power 
structure and led to their participation as an 
active subject rather than as an object of policy. 
At the same time, the position of educator was 
established in the mahallas with the formation of 
a monthly salary from the local budgets for work 
with women and families. However, 
appointments to this position were not made 
without taking into account their qualifications 
and sufficient life experience. It is known that the 
social activity of women is determined by the 
reform, improvement of the socio-political and 
economic system and their active participation in 
the political process. As a result of the state's 
policy of care, a number of reforms have been 
carried out, and regulations have been adopted, 
but their implementation has not been fully 
covered. 

In order to ensure the implementation of the 
tasks set out in the state programs adopted in 
connection with the years "Family", "Women", 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(7): 34-41, July 2021      
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-07 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 26th July, 2021 &  Published 31thJuly, 2021  

 

 
 

 

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ISSN – 2767-472X 

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"Healthy Generation", the basis for legal 
strengthening of the family was created, 
attention was paid to women's social protection 
and healthy mothers and children. A number of 
measures have been taken to implement the 
principle. 

The second stage is 2001-2010. Within the 
framework of the state programs adopted on the 
occasion of the Year of Mothers and Children, the 
Year of Harmoniously Developed Generation, 
strengthening maternal health, strengthening 
attention and care for the birth of a healthy 
generation, women's social development in the 
family and society  - work has been done to 
increase the economic status and role, to create 
the necessary conditions for the formation of a 
strong and healthy family, to strengthen the role 
of mother and family in the upbringing and 
physical and spiritual development of the child. 

It is known that in 2004, in order to improve the 
work of the Women's Committee, the position of 
advisor on religious education and spiritual and 
moral education was introduced in citizens' 
assemblies. At the same time, a 30% quota has 
been set in accordance with the target 
recommendation of the UN Commission on the 
Status of Women in decision-making and 
participation in elections. The formation of a 
bicameral parliament has led to an increase in 
women's participation in political life. 

However, the number of women senators and 
members of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy 
Majlis, as well as members of local councils of 
people's deputies, remained low. The reasons 
can be explained by: 

- lack of experience in the struggle for political 
power among women and insufficient 
promotion of political career opportunities; 

- insecurity of male managers towards women 
and the advantage of underestimating the 
leadership skills of female professionals; 

- having difficulty obtaining the information 
and data necessary for the election 
campaign; 

- lack of attention in organizations to the 
preparation of candidates for the reserve; 

- women are a minority in government. 

It is known that the Decree of May 25, 2004 No. 
PF-3434 “On additional measures to support the 
activities of the Women's Committee of 
Uzbekistan" created new opportunities for 
further development of women's activities. By 
this time, as a result of the rise of religious 
beliefs, some families were exposed to various 
religious-political and extremist currents, which 
created the need to improve the socio-spiritual 
environment and inculcate national values in 
young people. In this regard, in order to ensure 
the effectiveness of the Women's Committee in 
mahallas, the position of consultant on the issues 
of religious enlightenment and spiritual and 
moral education was introduced in particular in 
mahallas with at least 500 families, in 
settlements, villages and auls, where there are no 
mahallas. In 2005, in accordance with the 
approved Regulation on “The activities of the 
adviser on religious enlightenment and spiritual 
and moral education of citizens 'assemblies", 
religious enlightenment was carried out jointly 
with the citizens' self-government bodies. To the 
positions of advisers on spiritual and moral 
education , the most influential and active 
women were appointed who could influence 
with experience in life, which is positive for the 
population, especially for young people, women 
who could transmit decision-making on healthy 
lifestyles, preservation and development of 
exemplary national and religious traditions and 
customs. [11]. 

The Mahalla Foundation of Uzbekistan in 
cooperation with the Republican Administration 
and the Women's Committee of Uzbekistan held 
regional training seminars on “Religious 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(7): 34-41, July 2021      
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-07 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 26th July, 2021 &  Published 31thJuly, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

38 

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enlightenment and improving the social and 
spiritual environment in the country, increasing 
the effectiveness of youth education. Tasks of 
consultants on spiritual and moral education ”. 
During the training seminars, the specific 
problems of each region were studied, the 
assistance of qualified specialists was organized 
in the field, the work of consultants was carried 
out, and reception days for lawyers and 
psychologists were organized in each 
neighborhood. 

According to the decree, the main tasks of the 
Women's Committee are the implementation of a 
national policy in the field of active participation 
of women in state building, the development of a 
set of measures to promote a healthy lifestyle, 
their work and study in rural areas. A number of 
measures have been taken to improve the living 
conditions of women, to develop programs 
aimed at attracting women to entrepreneurship, 
to explain and adhere to national and religious 
traditions, and to effectively organize efforts to 
combat their involvement in extremist and 
terrorist activities. Despite the expanding power 
of the Committee's work as a non-governmental 
organization , lack of financial resources, lack of 
concrete mechanisms for addressing women's 
issues, inadequate staffing, inexperience and lack 
of education have shown a negative impact on 
work efficiency. This is reflected in external and 
internal migration processes, family problems, 
unemployment, one-day employment (manual 
labourer), and increasing divorces. 

Opportunities for women's greater involvement 
in political processes, as well as their 
participation in public administration and 
decision-making, were further expanded with 
the adoption of the 2008 Constitutional Law. The 
development of the 2010 Concept identified 
measures to ensure freedom of suffrage and the 
development of electoral legislation, increase the 
role of the community in ensuring social activism 
and strengthen the system of targeted social 

support, development of private 
entrepreneurship and family business. However, 
the active participation of women in public life 
has not been fully achieved. 

The third stage is 2011-2020. At this stage, to 
further increase the economic activity of women, 
to further expand opportunities for small 
business and private entrepreneurship, to ensure 
family stability, to create an environment of high 
moral and spiritual values in the family, to 
support young families, to raise girls a number of 
tasks have been undertaken to assist them in 
acquiring, acquiring modern knowledge and 
professions. However, at the new stage of 
development of Uzbekistan, the need to address 
current and pending issues in the socio-
economic and spiritual spheres has led to a 
radical change in attitudes towards women. In 
accordance with the Decree  “On measures to 
radically improve the activities in the field of 
support of women and strengthening the 
institution of the family" [12], increasing the 
socio-economic activity of women, strengthening 
their role in government and society , improving 
working and living conditions, guaranteeing the 
right to work and to further support women's 
entrepreneurial initiatives, radically changing 
their position in society and in the family, 
creating opportunities for  combining family 
responsibilities with social activities, 
strengthening families, as well as a number of 
problems and shortcomings in the work were 
identified and a number of measures to address 
them were emphasized. 

Lack of targeted support system for women in 
need of social protection and in difficult social 
situations, lack of practice of individual work 
with unemployed and socially inactive women , 
ineffective organization of activities to promote 
employment and entrepreneurship among 
women; 

- Secondly, lack of targeted work to prepare 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(7): 34-41, July 2021      
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-07 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 26th July, 2021 &  Published 31thJuly, 2021  

 

 
 

 

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young people for family life, the formation of 
a modern model family, its spiritual and 
moral foundations and strengthening 
traditional family values, the effectiveness of 
measures to prevent early marriages, family 
conflicts and divorces further increase; 

- Third, to further strengthen the activities to 
protect the reproductive health of women, 
especially in remote rural areas, to establish 
an effective system for the prevention and 
treatment of maternal and perinatal 
diseases; 

- Fourth, to organize effective measures for 
the prevention of crime and delinquency 
among women, as well as to further improve 
the legal culture of women, to strengthen the 
mechanisms of legal advice to modernize 
them; 

- Fifth, the creation of organizational and staff 
units with the necessary authority in the 
system of women's committees, which will 
address the most important issues of women 
and fully mobilize their strengths and 
capabilities; 

- Sixth, to achieve the effective 
implementation of the tasks assigned to it on 
the formation of the administrative 
apparatus and sources of funding of the 
regional branches of the Republican 
Research and Practice Center "Family", the 
study of family problems and the 
development of practical, science-based 
proposals; 

- Seventh, pending issues such as preparing 
young people for family life, strengthening 
the family, improving the skills of staff in the 
field of conflict prevention and divorce, and 
the organization of their retraining were 
identified. 

From April 1, 2018, the position of Adviser on 
Religious Enlightenment and Spiritual and Moral 

Education of Citizens' Assemblies was 
transferred to the structure of district (city) 
women's committees on the basis of the relevant 
state units. The position of a specialist in working 
with women and strengthening the spiritual and 
moral values in families was introduced in each 
neighborhood, and in neighborhoods with more 
than 2,000 families, while maintaining the order 
of funding from the local budget. 8,800 
specialists worked to improve women's family 
relationships, prevent conflicts, divorces, early 
marriages, strengthen family values, and educate 
women spiritually and morally. 

It should be noted that the issue of gender 
equality in the development of the XXI century is 
one of the important factors in achieving the UN 
goals. Accordingly, the improvement and 
implementation of gender approaches remains a 
key issue in achieving social justice, equality and 
sustainability of citizens. Within the framework 
of cooperation between UN agencies in 
Uzbekistan, a special group on gender issues has 
been established, which includes representatives 
of almost all UN agencies. In this regard, the draft 
"Strategy for achieving gender equality in the 
Republic of Uzbekistan in 2020-2030" is being 
prepared and agreed with government and non-
governmental organizations. It is noteworthy 
that all the directions in this strategy are 
developed in accordance with the UN Sustainable 
Development Goals until 2030. 

The introduction of a number of legislative 
changes in Uzbekistan as a measure to ensure 
gender equality is one of the important steps 
taken to make women's rights and 
discrimination against women a single 
mechanism. In particular, the laws adopted in 
September 2019 to protect the rights and 
interests of women [13], 1 Presidential Decree, 4 
Presidential Decrees, 13 Cabinet of Ministers 
resolutions, including “Equal rights for women 
and men” in accordance with the Law on 
Guarantees of Rights and Opportunities, 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(7): 34-41, July 2021      
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-07 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 26th July, 2021 &  Published 31thJuly, 2021  

 

 
 

 

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ISSN – 2767-472X 

40 

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Advisory Councils on gender equality have been 
established in all ministries and departments. In 
order to prevent discrimination against women, 
a commission on gender equality has been 
established in the Republic of Uzbekistan. 

The various spiritual and ideological threats that 
are growing in the context of globalization 
require reforms to improve the socio-spiritual 
environment in society, further support the 
institution of the neighborhood, and improve the 
system of work with families and women. That is, 
in order to achieve efficiency in women's issues, 
to ensure the implementation of the tasks set out 
in the adopted legal acts, to radically change the 
mechanism of work to strengthen the activities 
of the Ministry of Mahalla and Family Support of 
the Republic of Uzbekistan began its activities. 
The Ministry noted that on February 18, 2020, 
the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan 
signed a decree  “On measures to improve the 
socio-spiritual environment in society, further 
support the institution of the community and 
bring the system of work with families and 
women to a new level." PF-5938 and Resolution 
PQ-4602 "The organization of the Ministry of 
Mahalla and Family Support of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan." 

Approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of 
Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 
April 15, 2020 No 228 on “Approval of regulatory 
legal acts in the field of regulation of the Ministry 
of Mahalla and Family Support of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan" The Regulation on the Ministry of 
Mahalla and Family Support of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan defines the tasks of the Ministry of 
Mahalla and Family Support of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan in supporting women [14]. 

In particular, to strengthen the institution of the 
family, first of all, to pursue a unified state policy 
aimed at implementing the idea of "Healthy 
family - healthy society", the organization of 
targeted assistance to troubled and troubled 

families; 

-Ensuring the effective implementation of state 
policy on support of women, protection of their 
rights and legitimate interests, increasing their 
role and activity in the socio-political life of the 
country, guaranteeing equal rights and 
opportunities for women and men ; 

-timely identification of women's problems, 
provision of social, legal, psychological and 
financial assistance to women in need and in 
difficult social situations, including women with 
disabilities; 

-providing comprehensive support for women's 
employment, improving working conditions, and 
involving women, especially young girls in rural 
areas, in family and private entrepreneurship 
and handicrafts. 

In recent years, Uzbekistan has expanded its 
institutional and legal framework for gender 
equality. Indeed, since 2019, there have been 197 
Rehabilitation and Adaptation Centers for 
Victims of Violence in the regions. This is 
evidenced by the establishment of a new 
Committee on Women and Gender Equality, 
which deals with the harmonization of 
international standards in legislation. 

CONCLUSION 

Mechanisms to ensure state-guaranteed benefits 
have been established on the basis of legal and 
regulatory documents on social support for 
women. The experience of developed countries 
shows that a policy based on gender equality 
only fully reflects the interests of all citizens. 
Therefore, on the basis of radical changes, the 
public and the state are pursuing a policy of 
further support, education and care for women 
in order to increase their participation in 
decision-making. At the level of public policy, 
attention was paid to improving the quality of 
life of the family and ensuring social protection, 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(7): 34-41, July 2021      
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-07 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 26th July, 2021 &  Published 31thJuly, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

41 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

protection of motherhood and childhood. At a 
new stage of development in Uzbekistan, due to 
the need to address the social problems of 
women, the tasks of supporting women and 
strengthening the family have changed radically. 

REFERENCES  

1. Lushnikov A.M., Lushnikova M.V., Tarusina 
N.N. Gender in the law. - Moscow: Prospect. 
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2. UzNA. M-69 fund, list 1, case 93, sheet 82. 

3. UzNA. M-37 stock, list 1, case 2565, sheet 90. 

4. Decree PF-1084 of March 2, 1995  ”On 
measures to increase the role of women in 
the state and social construction of the 
Republic of Uzbekistan"// lex.uz. 

5. UzNA. M-69 fund, 1st list, 88th case, 53rd 
sheet. 

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8. UzNA. M-69 fund, 1st list, 88th case, 53rd 
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10. Decree of the President of the Republic of 
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11. Collection of Legislation of the Republic of 
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https://lex.uz/docs/214651. 

12. Decree of the President of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan dated February 2, 2018 No PF-
5325 “On measures to radically improve the 
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and strengthening the institution of the 
family" (National Database of Legislation, 
February 3, 2018, No. 06/18/5325/0653). 

13. Laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 
September 2, 2019 on “Protection of women 
from oppression and violence" and on 
“Guarantees of equal rights and 
opportunities for women and men"// lex.uz. 

14. National Database of Legislation, 16.04.2020, 
09/20/228/0444, 07.12.2020, 
09/20/772/1605. 


