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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-21 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 25th May, 2021 &  Published 31th May, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

93 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

 

THE ROLE OF EMBROIDERY AND HOME WORK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF 
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UZBEKISTAN 
 

Nilufar Mustaqimovna Rakhmatova 

Independent Researcher Navoi State Pedagogical Institute Navoi, Uzbekistan 

 

INTRODUCTION 

Uzbekistan is one of the few countries in the 
world where traditional crafts play an important 
role in traditional and material culture. Effective 
efforts in this direction are fully reflected in the 
study of ancient and medieval art monuments, 
traditional crafts, folklore, cultural heritage, 
which are considered spiritual and cultural 
heritage. In recent years, Uzbekistan has created 
the necessary economic and social conditions for 
the revival of forgotten traditional crafts and the 
future development of its surviving types.  

The Decree of the First President of the Republic 
of Uzbekistan IA Karimov № 1741 of March 31, 
1997 “On measures to support the further 
development of folk arts and crafts through the 
state” was issued in this connection, in this 
regard, exemplary work has been done in the 

cities of the Fergana Valley, such as Andijan, 
Namangan, Fergana, Kokand, Margilan. In 
particular, craft associations were established in 
all of these cities, which were engaged in the 
development of handicrafts in cities and villages, 
the restoration and continuation of handicraft 
traditions. 

THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS 

Embroidery has a special place in the handicrafts 
of the Uzbek people. Embroidery, a traditional 
type of handicraft, has an ancient history and has 
developed in almost all regions of Uzbekistan, 
preserving its traditions. In urban and rural 
neighborhoods, the family was engaged in 
tanning, jewelry, carpet weaving, embroidery, 
weaving, and more. If in large cities the 
population was usually engaged in farming in the 
early spring and autumn, in the autumn-winter it 
was mostly engaged in handicrafts. In the Soviet 

ABSTRACT  
 
This article discusses the creation of favorable economic and social conditions for the revival of forgotten 
traditional handicrafts in Uzbekistan in recent years and the future development of its surviving varieties. In 
the Soviet era, domestic labor was initially opposed for political and ideological reasons, but later, under the 
notion of “self-employment,” domestic production was not strongly opposed, but not enough attention was 
paid to its development. 
 
 
KEYWORDS: - Favorable economic, social conditions, traditions, handicrafts, Uzbekistan, development, 
surviving varieties, Soviet era, domestic labor, political reasons, ideological reasons, domestic production, 
employment, attention, traditional culture, material culture. 
 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(5): 93-97, May 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-21 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 25th May, 2021 &  Published 31th May, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

94 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

era, domestic labor was initially opposed for 
political and ideological reasons, but later, under 
the notion of “self-employment,” domestic 
production was not strongly opposed, but not 
enough attention was paid to its development.  

If we pay attention to the history of embroidery, 
in order to preserve the craft of embroidery, it 
was necessary to create embroidery in harmony 
with the ancient traditions, all kinds of methods 
of making embroidery products, embroideries. 
Although handicrafts made by artisans are labor-
intensive, they are low-cost and are designed to 
meet the needs of the local population. Cotton 
fabrics woven by artisans or manufactured in the 
factory were considered the main material for 
embroidery. The textile industry is unique in 
different regions of Uzbekistan, and includes 
several industries, such as spinning, weaving and 
dyeing. The main raw materials of spinners were 
cotton, wool and silk. 

The development of embroidery species was 
largely dependent on the sedentary, semi-
sedentary nature of the population, nature, the 
availability of raw materials. In the regions of 
Uzbekistan, embroidery has traditionally been 
developed at home, mainly by women and girls. 
For women to weave fabric at home, cotton seeds 
were separated using a special tool “khalaji”. 
Cotton and wool yarns are spun using a wheel. A 
variety of fabrics are made from spun yarn in a 
weaving machine called a “shop”. The masters 
used local plants such as rhubarb, spinach, 
mango, ginger, pomegranate and walnut skins to 
make the color [1.7].  

Doppi, jiyak, small and large embroideries are 
sewn in the embroidery centers of the Fergana 
Valley. The textile industry is also well developed 
here, especially in such centers as Namangan and 
Margilan. Made of cotton fabrics, alacha, chit, 
semi-semi-fabric, beqasam, banoras, adras,  
velvet, silk, satin, khonatlas. Ипак тўқиш ҳунари 
билан асосан, шаҳар ҳамда шаҳар атрофидаги 

қишлоқ аҳолиси шуғулланган [2.5]. Hand-
operated looms are usually installed in the home 
of the artisan. One room has two or more looms, 
in which silk, semi-silk fabrics, satin are woven.  

In the second half of the XIX century in the 
Fergana valley developed the art of embroidery. 
Chitgar masters used Islamic patterns, such as 
various flowers, leaves, almonds, pomegranates, 
as well as the moon and talismans. At present, 
black and red handicrafts are preserved in the 
Fergana Valley. In the early twentieth century, 
the markets in the major cities of the Fergana 
Valley differed from other regional markets by 
their density, the variety and quantity of goods 
sold, their structure, and the diversity of the 
ethnic composition of the market population. In 
the trade turnover of the markets, embroidery 
was the fabric used in embroidery, and women 
were the mainstay [3.56]. 

The development of embroidery in the 
Kashkadarya region was also associated with the 
historically formed way of life of the local 
population. The most widespread areas of 
traditional embroidery have long been 
considered to be the central and especially the 
north-eastern districts of the Shakhrisabz-Kitab 
school [4.8]. Carpets were widely used by 
nomadic and pastoral Uzbek tribes, as well as 
Turkmens and Arabs, who lived in the western 
and south-western part of Kashkadarya region. 
The population living in the foothills of the 
Nurata Mountains (White and Black Ridge) is 
made of printed felt, from simple woven shawls 
to bald carpets, julkhirs, koli carpets. The rarest 
example of Nurata carpets is the “shield type”, 
which attracts attention with its elegance and 
unique charm. In Surkhandarya region, 
traditional embroidery has a long history of 
development, where the leading center of 
embroidery is Boysun district.     

Based on the above information, it should be 
noted that embroidery alone plays an important 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(5): 93-97, May 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-21 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 25th May, 2021 &  Published 31th May, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

95 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

role in the development of domestic labor in the 
country, and thus in the employment of the 
population, especially women (home-based 
work).  Although home-based work is not a new 
direction in the development of our country, over 
the years of independence, its activity has 
become a revived, cultured and legally 
strengthened field. At present, labor resources, 
family structure, means of production in 
Uzbekistan ensure the development of home-
based work. Craftsmanship is convenient, 
especially for sewing, embroidery, furniture 
making, etc., which require needlework. 

Therefore, in order to ensure employment and 
employment in Uzbekistan, special attention was 
paid to the field of embroidery. First of all, 
centers for various areas of traditional 
handicrafts were established and workshops 
were restored. In 2002, Boysun, one of the major 
centers of traditional folk culture, together with 
the National Commission and the UNESCO Office 
in Uzbekistan, was recognized by UNESCO as a 
masterpiece of the Oral Intangible Heritage of 
Humanity, along with 18 cities around the world. 
In 2006, about 570,000 jobs were created in the 
country due to the structural changes and 
growth rates in the economy, the development of 
small business and entrepreneurship, the rapid 
development of the service sector, the creation of 
conditions for people to engage in various forms 
of home-based work. Especially in 2006, home-
based work was actively developed on the basis 
of cooperation with large industrial enterprises, 
which created more than 60,000 jobs [5]. For 
example, in Kasbi district of Kashkadarya region, 
which has a population of more than 170,000 
people, 5,462 new jobs were created in 2013 
under the program of job creation and 
employment, and this year about 80 women 
engaged in handicrafts were provided with 
employment records. The first President created 
the conditions for home-based enterprises on the 
basis of the relevant decree [6]. In this regard, 

the Decree of the First President of the Republic 
of Uzbekistan “On measures to encourage the 
expansion of cooperation between large 
industrial enterprises and production and 
services based on the development of home-
based work” of January 5, 2006 According to it, 
the development of the “Regulations on home-
based work” by the Cabinet of Ministers of the 
Republic of Uzbekistan was an important step in 
the development of handicrafts, as well as the 
opening of home-based work [7]. In this regard, 
the first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan 
said: “In order to establish home-based work, 
which does not require large investments, we 
have given various machines and equipment to 
local people and families.  As a result, 60,000 
families received additional income. These 
people, so to speak, have changed their 
worldview. They now live in front of their 
families and children, contribute to the 
development of the country and the Motherland 
[8],” emphasized. 

Based on international experience, in order to 
restore old technologies, natural dyes, use the 
classic patterns of the leading centers of Uzbek 
textiles in harmony with the market situation 
and marketing, The UNESCO Office in Uzbekistan 
has proposed to hold the Atlas Bayrami Festival 
of Traditional Textiles in 2015 in Margilan, 
Uzbekistan, where dynastic masters and leading 
designers have applied for a UNESCO Quality 
Certificate on a competitive basis. In this regard, 
the UNESCO Office in Uzbekistan has 
implemented a number of projects aimed not 
only at the development and restoration of 
traditional crafts, but also their scientific 
understanding and promotion. Published a 
number of scientific literature - books, albums, 
articles and practical manuals on the technology 
of dyeing yarns, fabrics in folk textiles, held 
events with the involvement of foreign experts 
[9.9]. Naturally, these cases can be considered 
not only as the development of embroidery, but 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(5): 93-97, May 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-21 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 25th May, 2021 &  Published 31th May, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

96 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

also as the first steps towards the restoration of 
old traditions, the employment of women in 
domestic labor and the development of home-
based work.  

In recent years, with increasing attention to the 
field, special attention was paid to the 
organization of home-based work in accordance 
with the requirements of the times. The Action 
Strategy for the five priority areas of 
development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 
2017-2021 and, of course, Resolution of the 
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On 
measures to create favorable conditions for 
further development of cash” May 24, 2017 № 
PP-2996, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers 
of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 
20, 2019 № 919 “On measures to further 
improve the system of employment of women, 
including the development of entrepreneurship” 
also played an important role [10]. According to 
the resolution, the types of home-based work 
include the production of textiles and knitwear, 
haberdashery, confectionery and bakery 
products, furniture, repair and maintenance of 
electrical products, horticulture and landscaping 
[11]. The document states that one of the most 
pressing issues is to increase the income of the 
family budget by further developing home-based 
work and expanding the use of financial 
resources for the purchase of modern machinery, 
equipment, raw materials and supplies. 

In 2017, at the initiative of the Women’s 
Committee of Uzbekistan, for the first time the 
Republican Forum of Women Entrepreneurs was 
held under the motto “The role of women’s 
entrepreneurship in the development of society”. 
Its purpose was to determine the prospects for 
the development of women's entrepreneurship 
in the country by supporting women’s 
entrepreneurship and providing them with 
employment. The forum also discussed the topic 
“Opportunities and challenges in the 
employment of women in rural areas: 

international experience, ways to apply it in 
Uzbekistan” [12.7]. Issues related to the 
development of direct home-based work were 
also discussed here. Meanwhile, public control 
groups have been set up in the country to study 
the problems in women’s lives. In total, more 
than 5 million homes were visited and measures 
were taken to address the issues raised by 
families. In particular, 22,000 families were 
prevented from divorce, 36,000 people were 
employed, and 14.5 thousand people were 
provided with soft loans. In his Address to the 
Parliament, President Sh. Mirziyoyev: “The 
situation of women in the field is very difficult, 
no one knows the pain of an ordinary woman, if 
the chairperson of women takes responsibility 
without sitting in meetings” [13], “Apart from the 
important issue of creating permanent jobs for 
women, the development of family business, 
home-based work, handicrafts and horticulture 
is also lagging behind,” he said [14.281]. 

CONCLUSION 

In conclusion, at the same time, in addressing the 
challenges of ensuring sustainable employment 
and income growth of the population of 
Uzbekistan, priority was given to the 
development of various forms of home-based 
work, including the expansion of cooperation 
with large industrial enterprises. Therefore, the 
role of home-based work in raising living 
standards has become especially important 
[15.5-9]. In this regard, the establishment of the 
“Consortium to support home-based work”, the 
reduction of taxes, home-based work has also 
developed in the regions. Currently, the share of 
the population engaged in various silk products, 
confectionery, textiles, leather goods and other 
industries, especially home-based work, has 
increased in the provinces.  

REFERENCES 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(5): 93-97, May 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-21 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 25th May, 2021 &  Published 31th May, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

97 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

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15. Hasanov R. Economic and social necessity 
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