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 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-08-05 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 16th August, 2021 &  Published 21thAugust, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

22 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

 

MULTICULTURALISM, INTELLIGENCE AND PRESENTING AUTOMATION AND ITS 
IMPACT ON AFRICAN HISTORIOGRAPHY 
 

Victoria Abraham 

Department Of History And International Studies, Kogi State University, Nigeria 

Patrick Ukase, PH.D 

Senior Lecturer, Department Of History And International Studies, Kogi State University,Nigeria 

 

INTRODUCTION 

Multiculturalism seems, by all accounts, to be the 
most recent expression in for all intents and 
purposes all talk. It has unarguably drawn in 
much conversation, discussions and remarks, 
due to the significant effect it has had, is as yet 
having on the existences of individuals 
everywhere. In light of the centrality of 
multiculturalism in all circles, particularly in the 
domain of scholarly talk, many have come to 
recognize that we are living in "Another World 
Order" [NWO] – a Global Village, made 
conceivable by the astounding creations in the 
space of Intelligence and Presenting Automation. 
What benefits, along these lines, do students of 
history get from multiculturalism, particularly 
inside the setting of chronicled and 

historiographical examines? Historiography 
fundamentally alludes to the composition of 
history dependent on the basic assessment of 
sources – the choice of specifics into an account 
that will stand the trial of basic methods. The 
way of thinking of history of which 
historiography is the final result, is by and large 
comprehended as covering two unmistakable 
kinds of enquiry: First, is theoretical or 
meaningful way of thinking of history which is 
comprehensively taken to have as its subjects 
matter, the real human past, saw from a general 
viewpoint and concentrated determined to 
reveal the general functions and meaning of the 
chronicled cycle considered as a whole. The 
subsequent which premium us more than 
anything else is basic or logical way of thinking of 
history which is principally coordinated towards 

ABSTRACT  
 
This paper basically looks at the effect of multiculturalism, data and correspondence innovation (ICT) on 
African historiography. The paper contends that the approach of multiculturalism and the presentation of 
ICT has presented the history specialist to a treasure trove of sources which can be effectively gotten to. This 
improvement has most likely diminished, generally, the difficulties related with source materials for the 
recreation of different parts of African history, which were until recently undeniably challenging to get to. 
Inspecting the different sources accessible for the recreation of African history (that is their qualities and 
shortcomings), the paper focuses on the requirement for antiquarians to treat the torrential slide of sources 
got from ICT with doubt until their genuineness and dependability is set up. This would over the long haul 
give more solid presumptions and ends in the reproduction of African history. 
 
KEYWORDS: - Multiculturalism, ICT, History, Historiography, Sources. 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(8): 22-25, August 2021      
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-08-05 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 16th August, 2021 &  Published 21thAugust, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

23 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

examining the way wherein rehearsing 
antiquarians continue over the span of inspiring 
and deciphering specific occasions and 
improvements, which the human past is 
composed. From the prior, in this way, the art of 
the antiquarian, which is essentially the 
remaking of man's past movement, is predicated 
on the accessibility of sources which would help 
with the release of his specialty. 
Notwithstanding, different examinations have 
shown that chronicled research in Africa during 
the pioneer and post provincial period was beset 
by the difficulties of source materials. For 
example oral sources which were are as yet 
significant in the recreation of early African 
history, particularly at a moment that composed 
sources were meagerly accessible have their 
constraints. These incorporate issues of 
sequence, twists, interpretation, the pollution or 
contaminated of oral practice by early preacher 
accounts, and so forth It is notwithstanding these 
huge difficulties in the remaking of African 
history that there is the requirement for 
Historians to cross-check their sources, by 
utilizing different sources to validate the 
veracity, honesty and unwavering quality of their 
investigation.  

 

METHODS  

 

Multiculturalism  

 

The possibility of multiculturalisms was first 
propounded by an abstract pundit, Marshall 
McLuhan when he expressed that: "the new 
electronic reliance reproduces the world in the 
picture of a worldwide village." The development 
and presentation into famous utilization of more 
complex TVs, radio beneficiaries, telephone 
frameworks, satellite interchanges devices, 

incredible PCs and the overall web network 
administrations, and so forth since 1962 affirms 
McLuhan's prediction. This "electronic 
association transforming the world into a 
genuinely worldwide town appears to have been 
realized," with unfurling occasions on the planet. 
What do we mean by multiculturalism? As per 
Hoogvelt: Multiculturalism can be characterized 
as the strengthening of overall social relations 
which connect far off areas so that neighborhood 
happenings are molded by occasions somewhere 
far off and bad habit versa. Heywood 
correspondingly characterized multiculturalism 
as: A perplexing trap of interconnectedness 
through which life is progressively formed by 
choices or occasions taken a ways off; 
multiculturalism mirrors the expanding 
penetrability of the country state.  

 

The astounding simplicity of correspondence in 
the cutting edge age is simply aspect of the 
wondrous appearances of the marvel regularly 
portrayed as multiculturalism. In scholastic 
speech, the term is very pervasive and famous 
with the end goal that it has procured different 
implications, whose ramifications stretch out to 
for all intents and purposes all circle of human 
undertaking viz: Economic, social, political, 
natural just as religious. Such examination and 
clarifications of the different measurements and 
viewpoints - be it sure or negative has been 
plainly explained by different researchers and 
we, accordingly, don't have to reproduce them in 
this essay. What is, in any case, more distracting 
to us in this talk is that, if we like it, we should 
figure out how to live with, and use its great 
viewpoints and right its insufficiencies to make 
the world a preferred spot over we discovered it.  

 

Note that until recently, history was 
characterized as the investigation of man's "past" 
occasions and this definition seem to have 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(8): 22-25, August 2021      
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-08-05 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 16th August, 2021 &  Published 21thAugust, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

24 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

wrapped most rehearsing antiquarians. 
Nonetheless, contemporary recorded 
investigations have gone past the simple 
investigation of man's past movement to bring a 
jump into the present and what's to come. In this 
association, antiquarians presently study a 
stunning assortment of contemporary issues 
utilizing a verifiable structure or approaches. 
These incorporate wellbeing, affliction, 
wrongdoing, equity, urbanization, psychological 
warfare, and so on this extreme flight which we 
plan to unmistakably underscore is to show that 
the discipline in presently not slanted to simply 
an investigation of the past. Constantly, the 
approach of ICT seems to have moved this 
interest much more. It is a result of the change in 
outlook in authentic examinations from the 
discount fixation on man's past action to his 
present and future that the utilization of ICT has 
become an original hotspot for the history 
specialist. In the event that the errand of a 
student of history is basically and fundamentally 
that of reproducing man's past, present and 
future, it clearly implies that the antiquarian 
requires different materials/sources to do this 
undertaking. Hence, aside from the traditional 
sources which are very normal [i.e. essential, 
auxiliary and assistant sources] and are at times 
restricted or deficient, what are different 
alternatives accessible to the students of history? 
This is the place where there is a nexus among 
multiculturalism and historiography. The crucial 
inquiry, accordingly, is how does 
multiculturalism which is likewise connected 
with ICT work with or help the antiquarian in his 
specialty of chronicled reproduction? Put in an 
unexpected way, how would we factor 
multiculturalism, particularly, Intelligence and 
Presenting Automation into the recreation of 
history? We will endeavor to clarify and break 
down this and other variegated issues in the 
procedure areas.  

 

Since historiography is inseparable from the 
craft of composing history, is it reasonable to say 
that Africans in the pre-proficient time had no 
set of experiences or anything of any 
considerable incentive for verifiable 
documentation in a composed structure? One 
reason for this customary origination of history 
was that it depended on documentation as 
composed writings. The contention accordingly 
followed that in case there were no composed 
archives, there could be no history.20 In this 
association, it was normal and furthermore 
sensible to assign as pre-history any period prior 
to composing. In any case, late investigations 
appear to penetrate the contention which 
endeavor to attach history to narrative proof 
alone. For example, Daniel MacCall, in the same 
way as other different antiquarians have given 
new viewpoints to this issue. Focusing on the 
matchless quality of proof as the reason for 
history, he suggested the way that "in case there 
is proof, there can be history, in case there is no 
proof, there isn't anything to expound on." This 
recipe or methodological methodology 
adumbrated by MacCall was proposed in the 
adolescent of the 20th century however was not 
used for quite a while. This recipe demonstrates 
that historiography could go past just composed 
sources to the utilization of oral sources like 
paleohistory, authentic etymology, oral customs, 
ethno natural science, and another fields of study 
in the recreation of history. As we will solidly 
show later in this talk, utilizing this 
methodological methodology, contemplates that 
were relevant to Africa, step by step started to 
show up. A portion of this works are alluded to 
as "pre-narrative history." This new vista which 
has for quite some time been consolidated into 
historiography likewise perceives the need to co 
pick the consequences of different disciplines 
into history in the way that ideas of human 
science, financial aspects and brain research, 
(which have been basically synchronic) have 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(8): 22-25, August 2021      
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-08-05 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 16th August, 2021 &  Published 21thAugust, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

25 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

become a piece of historiography. It is similarly 
intriguing to take note of that for a large portion 
of sub-Saharan Africa, until years and years 
prior, and for parts of Asia, Oceania, pre-
Columbian America and Australia, history was 
basically gotten from unwritten sources or proof. 
Such entries by MacCall and different 
antiquarians invalidates the old charge by Hugh 
Trevor Roper that Africans had no history. This 
invalidation depends on the quantity of studies 
distributed over the most recent thirty years 
utilizing this recipe. A few researchers have even 
gone further to uncover that there is a 
connection between non-educated a lot periods 
and this gives congruity in African history.  

 

CONCLUSION 

 

All we have endeavored to do in this exposition 
is to show the effect of multiculturalism on the 
investigation and remaking of African history. 
We have shown that the appearance of 
multiculturalism and with the presentation into 
well known utilization of ICT, the antiquarian has 
been presented to a mother lode of sources 
which can be handily gotten to. This 
advancement has presumably diminished, 
generally, the difficulties related with source 
materials for the recreation of different parts of 
African history, which were until recently truly 
challenging to get to. Looking at the different 
sources accessible for the remaking of African 
history, the paper focuses on the requirement for 
antiquarians to treat this torrential slide of 
sources with doubt until their genuineness and 
dependability is set up. This would over the long 
haul give more solid presumptions and ends in 
the recreation of African history.  

 

REFERENCES  

 

1. See E.C. Ayangaor and P.I. Ukase, 
"Historiography of Multiculturalism," Text of 
a Ph.D Seminar Paper, Department of 
History, Benue State University, Makurdi, 
(2004), 1.  

 

2. For more intricate points of interest See A. I. 
Onoja, "History and Historiography," 
unpublished M.A. Course Paper, Department 
of History, University of Nigeria, Nsukka-
Nigeria, (2008), 5.  

 

3. For additional subtleties, see Baba. T. Bingel, 
"African Historiography from Early Times to 
the Period of Decolonization" in M. O. Odey, 
J. G. Ningel and O. O. Okpeh (eds), History, 
Research and Methodology in Africa, 
(Makurdi, 2007), 39–50.  

 

4. Also see B. T. Bingel, "African Historiography 
from Early Times", in M. O. Odey, J. G. Ningel 
and O. O. Okpeh (eds), History, Research and 
Methodology in Africa, (Makurdi, 2007), 40.  

 

5. See Edwin Broges, Greggory Hunter, Page 
Putnam Miller, David Thelen and Gerhard 
Weinberg, "Student of history and Archivist: 
A Rationale for Cooperation," p. 179.  

 

6. E.C Ayangaor, and P.I. Ukase, 
"Historiography of Multiculturalism", 3. 


