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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-08 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 14th June, 2021 &  Published 19thJune, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

34 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

 

MECHANISMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM IN UZBEKISTAN 
 

Aziza Mirzaeva 

Master's Degree Student Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute Tashkent, Uzbekistan 

 

INTRODUCTION 

To date, in Uzbekistan, the mountains in the 
Tashkent region are relatively well developed in 
terms of mountain tourism. There are 7 
recreational zones, 4 of which are fully formed 
recreation and treatment zones. Development is 
not high, although there are many recreational 
and mountain tourism facilities in the 
mountainous areas of other provinces. There are 
opportunities for further development of 
international mountain tourism in the 
mountainous areas of Jizzakh, Samarkand, 
Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya regions and in the 
mountains around the Fergana Valley, where 
most of the area is occupied by mountains, in 
recreational areas and with the effective use of 
tourist facilities. 

The main results and findings 

For the first time in the effective development of 
international mountain tourism in the 
mountainous region of Uzbekistan, the effective 
use of existing opportunities (ie technical 

facilities - hotels, camping, restaurants, etc.), ie 
the effective use of recreational resources for the 
natural, historical and cultural heritage of our 
country. We recommend a tourist route system. 
It is no secret that currently it is very difficult to 
build hotels for international tourists in the 
mountainous regions of Uzbekistan. In the cities 
of the foothills of Uzbekistan (Shahrisabz, Urgut, 
Samarkand, Jizzakh and Chirchik), there are 
enough hotels for tourists. There are also roads 
from some mountainous cities to mountainous 
areas (e.g., from Zaamin to the Turkestan 
Mountains, from Gazalkent to the Chimgan 
Mountains). At the same time, the tourist routes 
will be directed from the plains to historical 
monuments, oases, artificial hydraulic structures, 
etc. - to the mountains (exotic landscapes). 

The main part. Historically, there have been 
many migrations of the population from plain to 
mountain and from mountain to plain. We can 
see that cattle breeders, farmers and hunters 
moved from the plains to the mountains or from 
the mountains to the plains depending on the 
seasons and lived a seasonal life. 

ABSTRACT  
 
Mechanisms for the development of ecotourism have been developed with a comprehensive study of natural 
and tourist sites in Uzbekistan. 
 
 
KEYWORDS: - Ecotourism, recreation zone, recreation, treatment zones, tourist routes, exotic landscapes of 
foreign tourists, recreational resources, tourist route, from plain to mountain in Uzbekistan. 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(6): 34-38, June 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-08 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 14th June, 2021 &  Published 19thJune, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

35 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

The mountain ranges surrounding the Zarafshan 
valley also allow for the development of various 
forms of tourism. The proximity of Samarkand, 
Urgut, Kattakurgan and other cities to the 
mountainous areas allows foreign tourists to 
relax and unwind in the mountains of Zarafshan, 
as well as to see the historical monuments on the 
plains. The Zarafshan valley is characterized by a 
variety of natural conditions. The relief of the 
Zarafshan mountains makes it possible to 
organize various tourist hikes, especially in the 
field of mountaineering. 

There are more than 30 caves and thousands of 
karsts in the Zarafshan mountains, which allow 
the development of underground tourism. The 
Zarafshan mountains are composed of light-
melting, karst-forming Devonian limestones. 
Therefore, these mountains are distinguished by 
the abundance of ancient karst caves. 

There is a world-famous Amankoton cave, 
especially 40 km south of Samarkand. 
Omonkoton cave is located at an altitude of 1220 
m along the Samarkand-Kitab road. The cave was 
opened in 1947 by D.N. Lev, an associate 
professor at SamSU, and it was discovered that 
ancient people lived in the Ustya period. 

The best route for foreign tourists is Samarkand-
Amankoton cave. Outside the cave, foreign 
tourists see mixed forests created by human 
hands on the slopes of the mountain a century 
and a half ago around the Amonkoton River. 
Another route in the region is the Kyrgyz plateau 
with a unique exotic landscape, located at an 
altitude of 2200-2300 m at the watershed of the 
Zarafshan ridge, 50 km south of Samarkand. It 
has a terrific lunar “landscape” and is composed 
of Devonian limestone from the plateau, which is 
an example of the extensive, intensive and 
classical development of karst processes in 
Central Asia. There are more than 3,000 karst 
tunnels, 64 cavities, as well as 5 horizontal caves, 
56 wells and mines. The deepest mine is 1080 m 

deep and has a large catchment lake. This karst 
lake supplies water to Urgut district of 
Samarkand region and Kitob district of 
Kashkadarya region. This Kiev karst cave is the 
deepest natural cave on the Asian continent. On 
the surface, it ranks 3rd among the deepest 
natural caves. 

Tourists walk along the route Samarkand-
Kamongoron (Urgut district) to see the Kiev 
karst cave (there is a bus route to the village of 
Kamongoron). From the village of Kamongoron 
you can go to the Kiev karst cave on horseback or 
by helicopter. This route is not expensive for 
foreign tourists. 

Above, we have expressed some ideas about the 
routes of vertical movement from the plain to the 
mountain in the example of the Zarafshan valley. 
As the plateau rises from the plains to the 
mountains, the number of tourist attractions also 
increases. Taking into account the characteristics 
of vertical landscape zones also plays an 
important role in the development of mountain 
tourism. 

The need to build health resorts in the mountains 
is associated with the deterioration of the 
ecological situation in the plains of the country, 
environmental pollution in major cities. In 
summer, the heat on the plains is exacerbated by 
the prevailing hot weather and, accordingly, 
limited opportunities for recreation. As a result, 
the population’s holiday season is now 
spontaneously increasing in the mountains. The 
chaotic nature of the holiday does a lot of 
damage to the natural environment. 

Therefore, it is necessary to create recreational 
bases that are of international importance and 
meet environmental requirements, as opposed to 
the spontaneous use of recreational resources. 

It should be noted that the mountain resorts of 
Sante Fe in the United States and Lordjini in 
India, located in conditions similar to the 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(6): 34-38, June 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-08 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 14th June, 2021 &  Published 19thJune, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

36 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

mountainous conditions in Uzbekistan, are also 
famous all over the world. In terms of climatic 
conditions, topography and unique complex 
natural conditions, the Supa Plateau in the 
Turkestan ridge is more convenient than many 
mountain sports centers in the world. Only here, 
a lot of creative work needs to be done to 
develop international mountain tourism. 

Along with the development of recreational 
opportunities in the mountainous regions of 
Uzbekistan and the development of mountain 
tourism, it is important to study the scientific and 
theoretical aspects of tourism. In the scientific-
theoretical assessment of tourism, it is necessary 
to determine the stability of landscape 
recreational resources to anthropogenic load and 

the recreational size of the area. 

It should be noted that in the future, along with 
the development of mountain tourism in 
Uzbekistan, geographers will have a new task to 
protect the landscape, that is, to protect the 
landscape for tourists - to maintain the beauty, 
attractiveness and productivity of landscapes. 

As a result of many years of research, 4 natural 
complexes have been identified in the Zominsuv 
basin of the Turkestan ridge according to the 
change of landscapes depending on the altitude 
zones. Natural complexes of each region were 
identified according to their tourist significance 
and its tourist potential was assessed. 

 

Altitude zones of the Zominsuv basin and 

their tourist opportunities 
№ Altitude landscape 

zones 

Natural complexes of tourist 

importance 

Tourist opportunities 

 

I Pre-mountain plain and 

Zominsuv spread (450-

850 m) 1. The upper 

part of the spread 

 

1. The upper part of the spread 

2. The border of the spread is the 

city of Zaamin and its recreation 

areas 

 

The border of the spread is 

the city of Zaamin and its 

recreation areas 

Agro landscapes 

 

II  Low-mountain dry-

subtropical zone with 

hilly ridges (900-1800 

m) 

3. River valley, terrace 

landscapes 

4. Inter-river watershed Short-

term rest in summer 

 

Inter-river watershed Short-

term rest in summer 

Excursion in the spring 

 

III Medium high mountain 

forest zone with steep 

slopes (1800-2000, 

2600-2800 m) 

5. Kizilmozor complex 

consisting of Pomogen-Neocene 

lines 

6. Wavy high mountain plateau 

platform complex 

7. Karst incident curves typical 

of rare tropical zones 

8. Excursion to the rock 

sculptures "Forty-girls" of the 

. Excursion to the rock 

sculptures "Forty girls" 

Travel to the gorge where 4 

rivers (Sharillak, Kizilsuv, 

Kashkasuv and Kolsay) are 

connected, which has tourism 

opportunities of world 

importance. 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(6): 34-38, June 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-08 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 14th June, 2021 &  Published 19thJune, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

37 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

Chortangi landscape 

Travel to the gorge where 4 

rivers (Sharillak, Kizilsuv, 

Kashkasuv and Kolsay) join the 

world-famous tourism 

opportunities. 

 

IV High mountain 

watershed subalpine 

zone 

9. Complex of Shahristan 

and Goralash passes 

10. Large water intake 

complex 

11. Giant steep cliffs 

(called "Meeting", "Wait" and 

others) In the summer you can 

ride in the car to the ancient 

denudation faces. 

 

In the summer, you can ride 

on the old denudation faces in 

the car. 

Short excursions in summer. 

Excursions to the rocks called 

"Wait" and "Meeting" are 

available 

 

When describing the landscapes of the Zaamin 
basin as natural complexes of altitude zones, 
relief, geological and geomorphological 
components are taken as a basis. Components of 
these natural complexes, such as climate, 
hydrological and biological, are very suitable for 
the development of mountain tourism. 

CONCLUSION 

 Along with the large-scale development of 
international mountain tourism in Uzbekistan, 
there are some factors that hinder it. Factors 
hindering the development of international 
mountain tourism in the mountains are 
conditionally divided into 2. These are internal 
and external factors. 

Internal factors that hinder the establishment of 
recreation areas in the mountains include 
problems such as frequent floods in early spring 
and early summer, road construction, and power 
supply. Large floods are observed in the 
mountains when snow melts and rains coincide. 

The relief features of the mountains are very 
inconvenient for road construction. This, in turn, 
will cause great damage to nature if large-scale 
road construction works are carried out in the 
mountains. Laying power lines to high 
mountainous areas is expensive. 

External factors that hinder the organization of 
recreation areas in the mountains are the fact 
that many mountains in Uzbekistan are located 
close to the state borders with neighboring 
republics. Therefore, the establishment of large 
recreation areas in these areas is not in line with 
the state strategy. 

According to the results of the research, it is 
necessary to organize modern tents (pastures), 
rather than the construction of large buildings, 
which have become a traditional method of 
organizing recreation areas. Holiday tents can be 
set up seasonally, even in the vicinity of the state 
borders of the mountains. Since holiday tents do 
not require a large area, it will be possible to 
place them away from flood paths. Also, if 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(6): 34-38, June 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-08 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 14th June, 2021 &  Published 19thJune, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

38 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

alternative energy (solar, wind and bioenergy) is 
used efficiently to supply tents with electricity, 
large sums of money will not be required for the 
transmission of power lines. 

When building highways in the mountains, the 
slope should not exceed 12-150. In areas where 
the slope is high in the mountains, it is necessary 
to build cable cars. Some trails can be traversed 
by local animals such as donkeys, camels. 
Through such movements, the mountain nature 
is fully enjoyed. It also prevents mountain 
diseases that occur during rapid ascent from the 
plains to the mountains. Most importantly, such 
recreation in the bosom of nature does not 
adversely affect the environment and, moreover, 
fully complies with the requirements of the 
"Environmental Program" developed by the UN. 

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