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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-15 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 24th June, 2021 & Published 29thJune, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

67 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

 

STATUS OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL LABOR MIGRATION IN UZBEKISTAN 
 

Dusmurodov Obidjon Shomirzayevich 

Lecturer At The Faculty Of History, National University Of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan 

 

INTRODUCTION 

In recent years, modern approaches to solving 
the problem of migration in developed countries, 
with special emphasis on the substantiation of 
the leading trends in the phenomenon of 
migration. Today, the world's leading research 
centers have established centers specializing in 
the study of the impact of international 
migration on the political and social stability of 
society and the experience of international and 
foreign countries in this area. Uzbekistan pays 
special attention to effective migration policy, 
improvement of conditions related to external 
migration processes, and a number of targeted 
measures are being taken[1,70]. This will help in 
the main areas of activity of diplomatic missions 
in the field of work with migrant workers today, 
in the implementation of measures to ensure the 
personal safety and social protection of citizens 
of Uzbekistan abroad. 

 

 

THE MAIN PART 

Joining many norms of international law, 
Uzbekistan pays great attention to the protection 
of human rights, including the rights of migrant 
workers. In order to further improve the system 
of external labor migration, radically expand its 
organizational forms, ensure the protection of 
labor and social rights of citizens leaving the 
country to work, adopt a number of regulations 
to expand the involvement of returning migrant 
workers in entrepreneurship and labor was 
made. 

In particular, the Resolution of the President of 
the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 5, 2018 No 
3839 "On additional measures to further 
improve the system of external labor migration 
of the Republic of Uzbekistan" defines the main 
directions of regulation of external labor 
migration [2,552].  According to this decision, 

ABSTRACT  
 
In recent years, Uzbekistan has been paying serious attention to creating new jobs and ensuring the stability 
of existing jobs in order to increase employment and economic activity. The main focus is on reducing 
unemployment, ensuring the employment of graduates of educational institutions entering the labor market 
for the first time, increasing the employment of vulnerable groups, in particular, women, people with 
disabilities, convicts, victims of human trafficking, external migration and others. In this regard, the 
normative legal acts adopted in recent years define a number of important tasks facing the Ministry of 
Employment and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 
 
 
KEYWORDS: - Uzbekistan, migration, migrants, employment, women, human trafficking, law, decision, 
worker, unemployment, attitude. 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(6): 67-71, June 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-15 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 24th June, 2021 & Published 29thJune, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

68 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

from September 1, 2018, legal entities registered 
in the Republic of Uzbekistan will have the 
following rights: employment of citizens of the 
Republic of Uzbekistan abroad on the basis of a 
license issued by the Ministry of Employment 
and Labor Relations of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan; Accreditation in the Ministry of 
Employment and Labor Relations of the Republic 
of Uzbekistan, activities to certify the 
professional qualifications of citizens of the 
Republic of Uzbekistan going to work abroad, 
including the acquisition of professional skills 
and knowledge of foreign languages. 

At the same time, in order to improve the 
registration of citizens of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan going abroad for work and to conduct 
research to assess the socio-economic impact of 
labor migration on society, the Cabinet of 
Ministers on May 15, 2007 Resolution No. 97 "On 
improving the registration of citizens of the 
Republic of Uzbekistan"[3,197]. According to 
paragraph 4 of the resolution, the Ministry of 
Employment and Labor Relations will conduct an 
in-depth special sociological study of labor 
migration of citizens of Uzbekistan. 

Today, in the era of international relations, the 
world's leading research centers have 
established centers specializing in the impact of 
international migration on the political and 
social stability of society and the experience of 
international and foreign countries in this area. 
In particular, research on migration processes is 
currently being conducted by international 
organizations such as The Center to Migration 
Studies of New York (CMS) and The Global 
Migration Center (GMC). 

Many economists around the world have been 
working on labor migration. In particular, M. 
Bassand, N.N. Abakumova, V.V. Adamchuk, N.A. 
Volgin, B.M. Genkin, P.V. Juravlev, S.A. Kartashev, 
M.G. Kolosnitsyna, N.M. Kuzmina, I.I. Kulintsev, 
Y.G. Odegov, V.A. Pavlenkov, G.G. Rudenko, A.I. 

Rofe, S.Y. Roshchin, B.L. Tokarskiy, G.S. Toniyants 
and others have focused their research on labor 
migration issues.  

The basic concepts of immigration, emigration, 
reemigration, “remnants of migration” used in 
the study of international migration problems 
were proposed by Nikolaeva[4,62]. The main 
types of external labor migration of the 
population have been studied by professor V.A. 
Iontsev in terms of classification of factors and 
forms of impact on the country of origin and the 
country of entry[5,78]. On the scale of the 
Republic of Uzbekistan can be mentioned the 
names of R.A. Ubaydullaeva, K.H. Abdurahmanov, 
L.P. Maksakova, F.U. Mamarasulov, D.N. 
Rahimova, Z.Y. Khudoiberdiev and others. 

According to the Resolution of the Cabinet of 
Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 
November 12, 2003 "On measures to improve 
the organization of labor activity of citizens of 
the Republic of Uzbekistan abroad" Tashkent, 
Fergana, Nukus, Bukhara and Karshi regional 
employment bureaus. 

Implementation of the Action Strategy of the 
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 
February 7, 2017 "On the Strategy for further 
development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 
2017-2021" January 17, 2019 "On the five 
priority areas of development of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan for 2017-2021" Decree of the 
Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 
May 24, 2017 "On measures to further improve 
and increase the effectiveness of state policy in 
the field of employment", March 5, 2019 "On the 
state order of employment and creation of new 
jobs in 2019" , July 14, 2018 "On measures to 
improve and increase the efficiency of work to 
ensure employment." Adoption of well-
developed legal and regulatory documents by the 
Government will play an important role in 
achieving results in the implementation of work 
in this area and the emergence of positive 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(6): 67-71, June 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-15 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 24th June, 2021 & Published 29thJune, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

69 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

developments. As a result of effective results in 
this area, we will be able to achieve great results 
in the future, making a significant contribution to 
the economic growth and development of the 
country. 

Globalization is helping to increase human 
mobility and the migration process in the world. 
At the same time, population migration is 
becoming an important factor in economic and 
social development for developing countries. At 
the present stage, no country has been left out of 
migration relations, albeit to one degree or 
another. The labor force between countries 
unites the national labor market of international 
migration into a single market. With the 
development of globalization, the flow of 
migration is also accelerating, and a 
comprehensive solution to this problem is 
becoming a requirement of the times. 

According to the International Organization for 
Migration (IOM), the total number of 
international migrants worldwide is about 272 
million, two-thirds of whom are labor migrants. 
It was noted that labor migration plays an 
important role in world economic relations. 
According to the data, informal labor migration is 
increasing worldwide. Such workers are socially 
and legally unprotected, and in most cases highly 
skilled professionals have to work as ordinary 
workers and in some cases are paid several times 
lower than local workers. In case of disclosure of 
such illegal activity, the employer and the 
employee will be subject to large fines, which has 
become a global problem. 

It should be noted that according to the data, 
migrant workers who do not require higher 
education and training are sent to construction 
work. Among migrant workers, there are also 
those who give up a relatively high level of 
employment and return before the end of the 
contract period, which is due to the severity of 
working conditions. As a result, there is an 

increase in the share of highly qualified 
specialists among them. 

A number of practical works are being organized 
in Uzbekistan to study both theoretical and 
practical aspects of international migration, 
migrants' rights, and illegal migration from a 
scientific point of view. 

The transformation of the republic as an 
independent state into an equal member of the 
world community, a bold step towards building a 
democratic state governed by the rule of law and 
a free civil society is a huge socio-historical 
process. The historical path traversed by the 
population during the years of independence, the 
great achievements and milestones achieved, 
their essence and significance are incomparable. 
These achievements have been made possible by 
the prudent policy pursued under the leadership 
of the First President Islam Karimov and the 
selfless work of the working people to 
strengthen independence. An important 
component of the ongoing reforms in the country 
is the implementation of the constitutional rights 
of citizens to work, and large-scale work is being 
carried out in this area within the basic 
principles of state policy. One of the key factors 
in the development of any state is the creation of 
jobs, employment and thus increase the welfare 
of the population. The country is paying serious 
attention to this topical issue on the basis of a 
programmatic approach and is taking targeted 
measures. Its purpose is to implement 
comprehensive and interrelated measures on 
employment through the mobilization of the 
potential of the regions and sectors of the 
economy, to promote the development of 
effective forms of employment, taking into 
account demographic and labor market factors. 

As the world economy develops and interstate 
integration ties intensify, so does labor 
migration. The steady widening of the gap 
between developed and economically backward 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(6): 67-71, June 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-15 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 24th June, 2021 & Published 29thJune, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

70 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

countries also has a strong impact on 
accelerating these processes[6,224]. Because 
labor migration is a special type of migration at 
the current stage of development of human 
society, aimed at finding decent work and high 
incomes, it has become one of the main tools to 
address the acute problems of employment and 
wages in less developed countries with difficult 
economies. Naturally, Uzbekistan, which has 
achieved political independence, but is faced 
with the need to address the serious problems of 
the legacy of the past in socio-economic 
development, has not been able to stay out of the 
phenomenon of the twentieth century - labor 
migration. 

Radical changes in Uzbekistan's transition to a 
market economy have had a profound effect on 
labor relations in the first place. As a result, in 
the process of economic reforms, the 
phenomenon of unemployment, which is 
inherent in the economic system based on 
market relations, is an integral part and a 
constant companion. As a result of objective 
processes in the economy, thousands and 
millions of people lost their jobs and lost their 
source of income. The system of vocational 
education in the newly independent Republic has 
not yet adapted to the system of training and 
retraining of qualified specialists, given the real 
needs of the rapidly emerging market in the 
country. As a result, there was a sharp structural 
imbalance between labor supply and demand in 
the labor market, and market relations deepened 
as they were established. All this became a real 
tragedy for hired workers, whose wages were 
the sole source of family income, forcing them to 
find a way out of the crisis, to provide for the 
family. 

Indeed, at the time of Uzbekistan's 
independence, agriculture was one of the leading 
sectors of the national economy, with 1/3 of the 
population employed in socially useful work, and 
now it has dropped to 26 percent. Considering 

that the labor force in the rural population 
increased 1.6 times during this period, we can 
see that the gap between the supply and demand 
for labor in the labor market in rural areas has 
deepened, and we can be sure that rising 
unemployment is a natural process. In general, 
the declining number of people employed in 
agriculture and the decline in the share of the 
population employed in the total economy are 
typical of global trends in the world economy, 
and in our view, these processes will inevitably 
accelerate in Uzbekistan. The fact that in the 
economically developed Western countries this 
figure is around 3-5 percent, and in Germany less 
than 2 percent is a clear proof of our opinion. 
This means that a western farmer provides 20-
33 people, a German farmer 50 people, and an 
Uzbek farmer only 4 people. 

In the future, as a result of improving the 
financial situation of farms, the material and 
technical base of agriculture will develop and the 
process of reducing employment will accelerate, 
and under the influence of this factor, the 
situation in the labor market will worsen. 

CONCLUSION 

In short, first of all, the problem of labor 
migrants should be considered as one of the 
most important, central issues of socio-economic 
development of Uzbekistan in terms of present 
and future. This issue should be in the constant 
focus of state leaders, public organizations, 
scientists, the general public and self-
government bodies. In this regard, I believe that 
a strategy and "road map" of actions aimed at the 
export of labor of our country should be 
developed and gradually implemented in 
practice. According to the analysis, the 
intensification of external labor migration in 
Uzbekistan is a matter of time, which is natural in 
a healthy economy, which provides a large 
balance in the labor market. 



CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(6): 67-71, June 2021      
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-15 
ISSN 2767-472X 
©2021 Master Journals 

   
  Accepted 24th June, 2021 & Published 29thJune, 2021  

 

 
 

 

CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY                           
ISSN – 2767-472X 

71 

   https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH 

 

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