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Current Research Journal of History 
Published: December 08, 2020 | Pages: 6-9 

Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/crjh/Volume01Issue01-2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

The article tells about the rich history of the Samarkand region, the stages of the historical formation 
of the Samarkand region, the existing historical monuments in the region, the origin of the 
geographical location of the region. 

 

 

 

KEYWORDS  

Zarafshan oasis, the Great-historical monuments, Karakhanids, Karakhitians, Registan ensemble, Gori 
Amir mausoleum, Bibikhanim (Amir Temur) mosque, Aksarai monuments, Rukhabad and Chorsu, 
Khoja Abdu Berun, Khoja Abdu  Darun monuments, Nadir  Devonbegi, Namazgokh and Khazrati Khizr 
mosque, Sheikh Nuriddin Bashir's temple, Khoja Daniel's grave, Ulugbek observatory. 
 
 
 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Uzbekistan still remains a country of historical 

monuments that have preserved their beauty 

and splendor. The monuments created in our 

country by our creative people, preserved for 

centuries, fascinate the peoples of the world. 

Many of them are included in the UNESCO 

World Heritage List. Historical monuments are 

part of the cultural heritage of the country 

and the people, part of spiritual 

enlightenment. 

Samarkand Is A Tourist City With A Glorious Past, Happy Present And Great 

Future 
 

Farangiz Khudoyorova 
3rd year student, 

Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Uzbekistan 

 

Gulshan Kabilova 
Teacher, 

School 55 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan 

 

Abubakir Ravshanov 
2nd year student, 

Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service, Uzbekistan 

 



Current Research Journal of History, Volume 01 Issue 01-2020 7 

 

  
 

Current Research Journal of History 
Published: December 08, 2020 | Pages: 6-9 

Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/crjh/Volume01Issue01-2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

The Republic of Uzbekistan the “Land of the 

Uzbeks” lies in the heart of Asia, between the 

two major rivers of Central Asia, the Syr Darya 

(Jaxartes)and the Amu Darya(Oxus), in the 

territory known since ancient times as Bactria, 

Maverannahr (The land beyond the river), and 

later on as Turkistan. Uzbekistan boarders 

from Kazakhstan to the north, Krgyzstan and 

Tajikistan to the east and southest, 

Turkmenistan to the southwest, as well as 

Afghanistan to the south.  

Samarkand region is one of the largest and 

most centralized tourist zones in Uzbekistan 

with a rich history.  The city of Samarkand, 

located in the central part of the Zarafshan 

oasis, is one of the cultural centers of 

humanity in world history.  This city, 

considered the most beautiful in the world, 

was called Samarkand in ancient Eastern 

sources, and Moroccan in Greek and Roman.  

In Morocco, the term Samarkand is a Greek 

pronunciation.  In the Chinese sources of the 

5th century, the name of the city is 

pronounced as Sivangin (Sakmangin). 

 

 

Old Samarkand 

 

 

 

 



Current Research Journal of History, Volume 01 Issue 01-2020 8 

 

  
 

Current Research Journal of History 
Published: December 08, 2020 | Pages: 6-9 

Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/crjh/Volume01Issue01-2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 

New Samarkand 

 

Samarkand is one of the oldest cities in the 

world.  Founded 2,750 years ago, the city was 

famous for its excellent climate, natural and 

material resources.  In the 5th century BC 

Samarkand was included in the Achaemenid 

Empire, and later in 329 - in the state of 

Alexander the Great.  From the 4th to the 5th 

century BC, Samarkand was the capital of 

Sogd, which was originally part of Greek 

Bactria and then part of the Kushan state.  In 

the 6th century, it became part of the Turkish 

Khanate and was ruled by local authorities.  

Since the beginning of the 7th century, the 

Zarafshan Valley came under the rule of 

Samarkand governors.  In 712, Samarkand was 

captured by Arab troops led by Kuteiba ibn 

Muslim.  Beginning in the 1920s, local 

landowners became involved in governing 

Mavorounnahr and the provinces.  In 

particular, control over Samarkand passed 

into the hands of the Samanids.  Since then 

Samarkand has been the capital of the 

Samanid state.  Samarkand, which was part of 

the Karakhanid state in the 11th century, was 

occupied by the Karakhanids in the 12th 

century. 

 In 1210, Samarkand, part of the state of 

Muhammad Khorezmshah, was occupied by 

the troops of Genghis Khan in 1220 and 

replaced the modern city of Samarkand. 

The next period of Samarkand's rise is 

associated with the activities of Amir Temur.  

Samarkand, world renowned as the capital of 

the Timurid empire, has many luxurious 

buildings. 

 Although Samarkand lost its status as a 

capital during the Shaybanid period, it 

retained its status as a major economic and 

cultural center of the Bukhara Emirate. 

After Uzbekistan gained independence in 

1991, Samarkand became a major cultural 

center of Uzbekistan.  At the same time, 



Current Research Journal of History, Volume 01 Issue 01-2020 9 

 

  
 

Current Research Journal of History 
Published: December 08, 2020 | Pages: 6-9 

Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/crjh/Volume01Issue01-2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

Samarkand was awarded the Order of Amir 

Temur for a great role in the history of our 

country and a great contribution to the 

development of our culture.  The order was 

presented on October 18, 1996 by the first 

President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam 

Karimov.  Various international conferences 

are currently being held in Samarkand.  It is 

especially important to hold the International 

Music Festival "Sharq Taronalari" in 

Samarkand since 1997. 

Several world-famous historical monuments 

have been erected in the Samarkand region, 

such as the Registan ensemble, the Gori Amir 

mausoleum, the Bibikhanim (Amir Temur) 

mosque and the Bibikhanim mausoleum, the 

Shokhi Zinda ensemble.  In the central part of 

the city there are monuments Oksaray, 

Rukhobod and Chorsu.  Also around the city 

are the monuments of Khoja Abdu Berun, 

Khoja Abdu Darun, Ishratkhan, Nadir 

Devonbegi Madrasah, Hazrati Khizr Prayer and 

Mosque, Sheikh Nuriddin Bashir Temple, Khoja 

Daniel's Tomb, Ulugbek Observatory situated. 

Today in the region there are 1105 

archaeological, 670 architectural, 37 

monuments, 18 monumental, 21 memorials, a 

total of 1851 objects of material and cultural 

heritage.  There are over 1000 tourist 

destinations in the region, of which about 400 

are currently fully usable as tourist attractions. 

REFERENCES 

1. Architectural monuments of Uzbekistan. 

M. Yunusov, M. Saidov / Toshkent-2011 

2. Guide to Uzbekistan. / Global Study 

Publishing House. Tashkent-2011 

3. Khakkulov A. Historical Monuments T., 

1983. 

4.  Karimov I.A. There is no future without 

historical memory - T., "Shark", 1998. 

5. facebook.com 

 

 


