Current Research Journal of History, Volume 01 Issue 01-2020 19 

 

  
 

Current Research Journal of History 
Published: December 21, 2020 | Pages: 19-21 

Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/crjh/Volume01Issue01-5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

The bestowing of clinical instruction in Pakistan since antiquated to bygone eras has been a topic of 
exploration among a few history specialists like Mark Harrison, Deepak Kumar, Anil Kumar, Syed Ali 
Nadeem Rezavi, Irfan Habib and others, who had attempted to feature scattering of clinical 
information, illnesses, cures and progress in clinical practices. This article implies to give an outline of 
granting of clinical schooling in middle age India, feature the significance of Ayurvedic doctors, Unani 
clinical specialists hakims; pretended by a few Indian rulers in upgrading the clinical instruction; 
educator understudy relationship in clinical calling; two route going of doctors from Iran to 
Pakistanand bad habit a-versa. This article depends on top to bottom investigation of a few essential 
Persian verifiable records, diary and letters and all the while with a few European travel records. 

 

KEYWORDS  

Medieval Medical Education, Hakims, Tibb, vaids, Unani Medicine 
 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
The clinical training in Pakistancan be followed 

from the old occasions when the information 

was granted and drilled by the vaidyas who 

appreciated a capable situation in the general 

public. Both Charaka and Susruta are generally 

known for having been acceptable doctors and 

educators who set out specific standards for the 

men of medication. Susruta looked for specific 

characteristics in a doctor. As indicated by both 

Charaka and Susruta a decent doctor should be 

an individual who is knowledgeable in the study 

of medication and has taken care of showing of 

a medical procedure and medication. Plus, a 

doctor should rehearse the mending 

workmanship, and is spotless, bold, light gave 

completely furnished with provisions of 

medication, careful instruments and apparatus. 

Along with this, a doctor likewise should be 

Bits of knowledge on Imparting Medical Education in Medieval Pakistan 
 

Henna Khan 
Assistant Professor, Department of General History, University of Karachi, Pakistan 

 



Current Research Journal of History, Volume 01 Issue 01-2020 20 

 

  
 

Current Research Journal of History 
Published: December 21, 2020 | Pages: 19-21 

Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/crjh/Volume01Issue01-5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

clever, all around read, and is a name of 

prepared assets and is additionally supported 

with every ethical prudence.  

 

The Ayurvedic doctors or vaidya shaped a 

perceived art bunch not unmistakable as a 

station but rather regularly following the calling 

of their dads and ancestors. They circulated the 

drugs to their patient, which were set up by 

them. The connection between the vaidyas and 

their patients was absolutely strict. They were 

knowledgeable in strict issues. They additionally 

filled in as educators and prepared their 

students in the craft of recuperating. Individuals 

from the different stations were occupied with 

this honorable calling. For instance it is 

accounted for from Orissa that a town vaidya, 

who was an individual from the champion class 

and a holder of a little plot of land, have 

restored numerous individuals of their 

sicknesses. This demonstrates that individuals 

having a place with various rank and class 

additionally rehearsed as vaidya.  

 

METHODS 

Abu-al-Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al Biruni 

gives us an understanding into the quick 

advancement that Arabic and Persian writing 

were then making in disclosing the rich store of 

information imbedded in both Sanskrit and 

Greek writing. Antiquated math, space science, 

soothsaying, reasoning, medication and 

pharmacology were most loved subjects of 

study with Muslim researchers. The 

interpretations of Indian works, including a 

huge segment of story writing was being made 

into Arabic and Persian by these enthusiastic 

and curious researchers.  

Firoz Shah Tughlaq was himself gifted in the 

Science of medication, rationale, stargazing and 

math. He used to go to on patients beset with 

any exceptional sickness to familiarize him with 

its symptoms11. Another contemporary work of 

Abdul Abbas Ahmed specifies that at the regal 

court at Delhi, there were 1,000 writers 

talented in one of the three dialects, for 

example, Arabic, Persian, or Indian and twelve 

hundred physicians. Regarding fix focuses or 

clinics likewise makes reference to that in Delhi 

alone there were a great many schools and 

around seventy clinics called Daru-sh-shifa or 

place of fix.  

 

A significant number of doctors of Mughal 

period obtained the information from different 

scholastics in spots like Lihijan, Mashhad, 

Ishfahan, Iran, Shiraz and Arab came to 

Pakistanfor their better fortune. But some 

current confirmations show that in spite of the 

above progression of researchers from outside 

some Indian researchers likewise went to Iran 

for preparing and training in tibb. Ahmad 

Thattavi went to Iran from Sindh and studies in 

Shiraz and Muhammad Akbar Arzani, the court 

doctor of Aurangzeb and local of Delhi went to 

Iran for additional concentrated in tibb.  

 

To the extent madarsas in the Mughal Empire 

giving training in tibb is concerned, the biggest 

data comes from the rule of Aurangzeb. During 

his rule a few such madrasas were set up. 

Exceptional notice might be made of Firangi 

maha lmadarsa at Lucknow which arose as one 

of the renowned and progressed madarsas of 

the eighteenth century India.  

 

After the breakdown of Mughal Empire Unani 

medication went under the support of 

provincial elites or rich/prominent individuals 

like zamindars, talluqdars and the nawabs. 

From the mid eighteenth century forward their 

situation of doctors was additionally fortified by 



Current Research Journal of History, Volume 01 Issue 01-2020 21 

 

  
 

Current Research Journal of History 
Published: December 21, 2020 | Pages: 19-21 

Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/crjh/Volume01Issue01-5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

virtue of the disclosures of new components 

and strategies in the domain of the clinical 

sciences.  

 

The technique for educating in Unani 

arrangement of medication in Mughal period 

was chiefly instructor situated and the 

understudies concentrated a few books of 

medication and were connected to the centers 

of some praised doctors. The understudies 

invested a large portion of their energy with 

their instructor, sat close by when he inspected 

the patients, viewed the analysis tuned in to the 

report given by the patients the inquiry put to 

him and recorded remedy as directed. During 

off hours or around evening time the senior 

tabib showed his understudies. The 

understudies additionally occupied with 

readiness of drugs. The centers of presumed 

doctors filled in as school or instructional 

exercises where training in Unani medication 

both in principle and commonsense were given. 

There were likewise ideas of doctor's family in 

Mughal period. These doctors used to 

encourage Tibb to their children at their homes 

and made them knowledgeable in the clinical 

calling, the dad or the granddad went about as 

the instructor or enter for their a few and 

pompous.  

 

CONCLUSION  

 

At last, one can reason that in old period we 

have sparse data about how educating was 

granted regarding the matter. Medication was 

drilled and neighborhood level establishments 

were kept up by individual vaidyas. Clinical 

instruction got some force during the middle 

age time frame. The financial success of Mughal 

Pakistangave abundant chance to the hakims to 

raise their position. They likewise appreciated a 

good status in the general public and were 

generously compensated for their training. 

Mughal Emperors likewise looked into the 

improvement of clinical sciences and thus 

settled various focuses and establishments for a 

similar reason.  

 

REFERENCES  

 

1. M.S., 'Training of Unani Medicine During 

Mughal Period', Studies in History of 

Medicine, Vol. vi, No.2, September, 1985, 

pp. 180-185.  

 

2. K.L. Bansal, "The act of Medicine in Ancient 

and Medieval India", 1976  

 

3. Abdul Baqi Nahawandi ed. Hadayat 

Hussein, Vol. I, Calcutta, 1983