Current Research Journal of History, Volume 01 Issue 01-2020 15 Current Research Journal of History Published: December 20, 2020 | Pages: 15-18 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/crjh/Volume01Issue01-4 ABSTRACT The article describes the socio-demographic situation in the Fergana Valley, the number of young people in it, the type of employment, the problems faced by young people. KEYWORDS valley, youth, migration, entrepreneurship, micro-firm, enterprise. INTRODUCTION Andijan, Namangan and Fergana regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan are located in the Fogan Valley. These regions are second only to Tashkent in terms of population density [1]. 1 km2 - Adnijon - 723.3 people, Fergana - 552.2 people, Namangan - 375.8 people (as of October 1, 2019) [2]. Andijan region: located in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley. Founded on March 6, 1941. Area 4.2 thousand km2. In Andijan region there are 14 rural districts, 5 cities and 95 rural gatherings (2000). The center is the city of Andijan. The permanent population of the Andijan region as of January 1, 2018 was 3,011.7 thousand people, which is 49.2 thousand people or 2% more than at the beginning of the year. Of these, 1630.5 thousand people live in urban areas (54.1% of the total population) and 1318.1 thousand people - in rural areas (45.9%) [4]. Of the total population, 935 794 children are children aged 0-15, 1,012 208 children aged 16-34, 88 7020 people aged 35-59 and 231 857 people aged 60-85 and older [5]. The general average age of the population is 27.7 years, of which the average age of women is 28.2 years, of men - 27.1 years [6]. Social And Demographic Situation Of Uzbekistna (On The Example Of The Regions Of The Ferghana Valley) Sardorbek Jamoliddinovich Mirzakhalov Basic doctoral student, Namangan State University, Uzbekistan Current Research Journal of History, Volume 01 Issue 01-2020 16 Current Research Journal of History Published: December 20, 2020 | Pages: 15-18 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/crjh/Volume01Issue01-4 THE MAIN PART The figures show that the majority of the population is made up of adults and working- age youth. One of the problems facing young people in the region is unemployment. As of the end of December 2017, the number of people registered with employment offices as job seekers was 5,121,000, which is 10 times more than in the same period in 2016 (0.42,000). According to the methodology for registering unemployed people in need of employment, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on May 24, 2007 No. 106, the number of unemployed in January- December 2017 amounted to 84.9 thousand people, and the unemployment rate relative to the economically active population was 6.0 percent [ 8]. As a unique solution for youth employment in the Andijan region, as well as in other regions of the country, is the support of small business and private entrepreneurship. As of January 1, 2018, the total number of registered small businesses (businesses) was 21,631 people. In January-December 2017, 72.0% of the gross regional product (77.5% in January-December 2016) was produced by small businesses. In January-December 2017, small businesses employed: - 1114.9 thousand people (84.5% of those employed in the economy), including 732 thousand employed as individual entrepreneurs, 193.9 thousand enterprises and microfirms; - The volume of industrial production amounted to 4,551.4 billion rubles. soums (34.4% of total industrial production) or the growth rate against January- December 2016 amounted to 101.0%; - 7392.1 billion rubles. Sum, the growth rate was 101.1% (99.7% of the gross output of agriculture, forestry and fisheries) [9]. Andijan region differs from other regions of the republic in culture, social significance and potential. The republic is one of the leading regions in terms of industrial and cultural development. It supplies 2.6% oil to the country, 8.3% cotton, 8.7% cotton fiber and 8.7% vegetable oil (2000; against the plan). There are industries based on natural resources, agricultural raw materials, as well as enterprises that produce consumer goods. Entrepreneurship is well developed in the region. To support this, 2 billion. Loans were issued for over 3.4 million soums. Foreign investments were attracted in the amount of US dollars (2000). In 1995-2000, 23.5 billion soums were invested in the regional economy. UZS [10] The city of Andijan, Asaka and Shakhrikhan districts of the Andijan region are small industrial zones [11]. Namangan region: formed on March 11, 1941 (annexed to the Andijan and Fergana regions on January 25, 1960. Reorganized on December 18, 1967). Namangan region is located in the east of the republic, in the northwestern part of the Fergana Valley, on the slopes of the Tien Shan ridge - Kurama and Chatkal. The total population was 2,752,880 people. Of these, 840,067 children aged 0-15 years, 940,744 children aged 16-34 years, 776,122 children aged 35-59 years and 195947 children aged 60-85 years and older [12]. The overall average age of the population is 27.2 years, including 27.6 for women and 26.7 for men. In Namangan region, as in other regions of the country, there is a problem of youth unemployment. The presence of unemployed among the economically active population is a vivid example of this. For example, if we analyze the statistics for 2000-2018, then in 2000 the total number of economically active population of the Namangan region was 611.9 thousand people, 609.0 thousand people were economically employed, 2.9 thousand people were unemployed, which is 0.5% of the total number of unemployed. reached Similar Current Research Journal of History, Volume 01 Issue 01-2020 17 Current Research Journal of History Published: December 20, 2020 | Pages: 15-18 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/crjh/Volume01Issue01-4 indicators in 2018 will amount to 1162.6 thousand people, of which 1051.5 thousand people are economically employed, 111.1 thousand people are unemployed, which is 9.6% of the total number of employed [14]. Comparative analysis shows that the number of unemployed increased by 9.01% (researcher). Namangan region has its own folk crafts and many years of historical experience, based on the experience of Andijan in solving the problems of unemployment through trade, folk crafts, floriculture, greenhouse business, gardening, trade, intensive farming and other types of entrepreneurship. In order to support entrepreneurship, on June 8, 2020, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan signed Decree No. PP-4742 "On measures to simplify state regulation of entrepreneurial activity and self-employment" [15]. In the decree, the self-employed population and business entities received many benefits and opportunities. For example, family businesses have received tax breaks. They are now eligible to pay value added tax at a reduced rate of 50% of the prescribed amount, subject to the following conditions: - is engaged in activities provided for the self-employed; - if the number of participants is at least 3 [16]. Namangan region occupies one of the leading places in the industrial and cultural development of the republic. The main industries of the region: mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, chemistry, cotton, food industry. There are over 170 industrial enterprises in Namangan region. From the largest industrial enterprises - mechanical engineering, car repair, brick, oil, cotton ginning, food (winery, brewery, Namangan soft drinks, Rohat, Namangankonserva, Shirinlik, Kosonsoykonserva enterprises), chemistry, leading an enterprise of the production association "Electroterm", a silk factory, a factory of art products, etc. There are 3402 small, 249 companies, 76 joint ventures. Among them: "Navruz" Uzbekistan-Canada, "Shahi-Sozana", "Nestle-Uzbekistan", "Shams LTD", "Hip", "Akhangar", "Chust-knife", "Namanganshina", "Kosonsoy-Tekmen", "Popfen", "Silk Road", "Kasmir Deri", "Namangan Paper", "Yanis IV", Uzbek-Russian enterprises "Chemtosh", "Shifo", Uzbek- Chinese JV "Channa-Textile", Uzbekistan- Turkey " Kosonsoytextile "and others [17]. The FEZ "Kosonsoy-farm" (Free Economic Zone) operates in the Namangan region. FEZ is exempt from the following fees: - land tax; - corporate income tax; - property tax for legal entities; - Single tax payment for micro-enterprises and small businesses; - customs duties on equipment, raw materials, materials and components imported for their own production needs. - Customs duties on building materials not produced in the country and imported under projects, according to the lists approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The administration of the Namangan region is taking a number of measures to provide jobs for young people. In particular, the Higher School of Folk Crafts, Architecture and Design was established by order of the khokim Khairulla Bozorov. A large exhibition "New items of folk crafts, architecture and design" is planned. A regional governor's competition is announced for projects with innovative solutions in folk crafts, architecture and design, and the winning projects are purchased from the author for practical application [19]. Such efforts by the governor will surely bear fruit in the future. The administrative-territorial structure of the Fergana region began on January 15, 1938. The territory of the region is 6.8 thousand square Current Research Journal of History, Volume 01 Issue 01-2020 18 Current Research Journal of History Published: December 20, 2020 | Pages: 15-18 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/crjh/Volume01Issue01-4 kilometers, or 1.53% of the territory of our country, located in the southern part of the Fergana Valley. The administrative center of the region is the city of Fergana. The total population was 3 683 300 people. Of these, 1,090,108 children aged 0 to 15 years, 1,233,910 children aged 16 to 34 years, 1,070,782 children aged 35 to 59 years and 298,500 children aged 60 to 85 years and older [21]. The average age of the population is 28, including 28.3 for women and 27.4 for men. CONCLUSION In the Fergana Valley, the number of young people aged 14-30 is increasing from year to year (Appendix 1) [23]. As the number of young people grew, so did the various problems associated with them. Young people are most affected by the problem of unemployment. Many young people tried to become independent, expanding their financial opportunities through entrepreneurship, but were forced to emigrate abroad, unable to find start-up capital for entrepreneurship. The migration process was temporary, and they worked mainly until the initial capital was found to start a business, especially a family one. Currently, youth entrepreneurship is supported by state and non-state organizations. The Youth Union of Uzbekistan, the Women's Association, local authorities, heads of regional sectors, the Future of Youth Foundation and other organizations help young people find start-up capital through entrepreneurship. REFERENCES 1. Almanax Uzbekistan, 2013 2. Stat.uz Statistics on population density as of October 1, 2019 3. National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan 4. Statistical bulletin of Andijan region 5. Stat.uz Statistics on age as of January 1, 2019 6. Almanax Uzbekistan 2013. –Tashkent, 2013.-B. 70. 7. Statistical bulletin of Andijan region 8. Statistical bulletin of Andijan region 9. Statistical bulletin of Andijan region 10. uz.wikipedia.org 11. www.chamber.uz/uz/page/5385 - Official website of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Uzbekistan 12. Stat.uz Age statistics as of January 1, 2019 13. Almanax Uzbekistan 2013. –Tashkent, 2013.-B. 70. 14. Stat.uz Number of economically active population, employed and unemployed 28.12.2019 15. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-4742 Lex.uz. 16. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-4742 Lex.uz. 17. www.wikiwand.com/uz/Namangan_(regi on) 18. www.chamber.uz/uz/page/5385 - Official website of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Uzbekistan 19. uza.uz - National News Agency of Uzbekistan 20. FVDA, Fund 1220, List 3, Case 31, p 21. Stat.uz Age statistics as of January 1, 2019 22. Almanax Uzbekistan 2013. –Tashkent, 2013.-B. 70. 23. The information is received from the State Statistics Committee and is stored in the personal archive of the researcher