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Defense and
Vol. 2, May 2
https://doi.org

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Analysis
systems 
 
Roman Km
Faculty of Secu
 

*Correspond
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2021. 
Published by
ARDA. 

 

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 DSS Vol. 2, May 2021, pp.53-62 

54 

2. Analysis of current practical solutions 
The crime map is currently a commonly used tool by public authorities, primarily intended for the population, 
but also security forces and services, to increase the sense of security of the population [9]. Within the 
selected region, certain crime indicators are presented, which are filtered by the users of this map based on 
selected criteria. In this case, we can talk about the functionalities, depending on the crime indicators that 
individual crime maps offer. Based on their comparison, it can be stated that some crime maps represent a 
greater added value, whether for the police, local governments or residents.  

2.1. Case of  the Slovak Republic 
In 2013, the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic published a map of criminal offenses in SR 
(Figure 1). The map shows the number of crimes in individual police districts with a percentage of clarified 
crimes [10]. The information is freely available to the general public (residents), who can choose either 
general crime or a certain type of crime (economic, property, moral, violent) for a certain period (quarter, half-
year or year) [11]. 

 
Figure 1. Map of crimes in Slovakia, the year 2020 [10] 

However, this map brings with it some shortcomings that can distort the real state of crime. First, we can 
mention the fact that the map works with absolute and not relative data [12]. This means that the crime map 
shows the overall status and not the level of crime, which results in the absence of a crime rate. The map has 
up to 12 categories of crimes, each with a different color. Clarification rate is expressed as a percentage 
rounded once to two decimal places and once to six. Somewhere the character "%" is listed and somewhere it 
is missing. Based on these facts, the map can have a misleading, chaotic and confusing impression [11]. 

2.2. Case of the Czech Republic 
The primary reason for the creation of this application was the need to share the content of information 
processed by the Police of CZ to locate crimes and administrative offenses with the public and self-
government entities in CZ. The application thus combines in one place information on the occurrence of 
offenses registered by the   Police of CZ so as not to violate the personal data protection of victims, their 
secondary victimization as well as violation of personal data protection of persons suspected of committing a 
crime [13]. 



 DSS Vol. 2, May 2021, pp.53-62 

55 

The application contains basic data on administrative offenses and selected types of crimes that were reported 
by the Police of CZ in the selected period or which were registered by the Police of CZ through its activities 
(Figure 2). At the same time, only data containing location information is displayed (display of data from 
2013). The application displays those types of crime in which the disclosure may be preventive and their 
disclosure does not hinder the tactical aspect. The type is e.g., property, violent crime, extremism, drug crime, 
etc. In the case of administrative offenses, the scope of the data is not limited in this way [13]. 
In the application, any user can view or export spatial data on the occurrence of offenses registered by the 
Police of CZ for the territory of  CZ or individual municipalities in the territory of  CZ. This information may 
be further shared or used following the license for the creation of other technical means intended for crime 
prevention in CZ [13]. 

 
Figure 2. Display of the crime of the Ostrava police district [13] 

The primary reason for the application was the need to share the content of information managed by the Police 
of CZ to locate crimes and administrative offenses with local government entities (with a focus on 
municipalities) in CZ. In this case, local governments, with a focus on municipalities, are considered to be an 
authorized user who has access to the basic functionality intended for the receipt, evaluation, analysis and 
sharing of published data, not only by the Police of CZ [13]. 
The content cards also include clear statistics within the territorial division of the municipality (Figure 3), 
optimization of the map for the selected location, insertion or user overview of individual offenses within the 
scope of the municipality and others [13]. 

 
Figure 3. composition of criminal activity within a specific municipality of CZ [adopted from 13] 

0
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Fire, explosion

Violence
Composition of criminal activity in the municipality



 DSS Vol. 2, May 2021, pp.53-62 

56 

2.3. Case of United Kingdom 
The crime map website displays open data on crime and policing in England, Wales and Northern Ireland 
(Figure 4). The user is provided with data on crime, individual police forces or neighborhood patrols through 
an interactive map. Furthermore, you can easily download this data in CSV format to your PC [14]. 
There is also room to download data on police activities over a period and a range of other data related to 
police activities, including the apprehension of the perpetrator or the processing of emergency calls. 
All information on this website is made available under the Open Government License [14]. 

 
Figure 4. Crime in the city of London [14] 

The data displayed by the web application provides a complete overview of crime level overview (Figure 5), 
type of crimes (Figure 6), the results of criminal proceedings and data on reports or searches that are 
statistically reported for a specific period. Published statistics are updated monthly, with the possibility of 
downloading data from the archive from 2013 [14]. 

 
Figure 5. Display of the seasonal state of the crime 

of the examined locality [14] 

 
Figure 6. Display of the number of selected types of 

crimes of the locality [14] 



 DSS Vol. 2, May 2021, pp.53-62 

57 

2.4. Case of Germany 
The crime map shows brief information on the crimes, perpetrators and victims available for each region of 
the sixteen Länder of Germany (Figure 7). Each region is assigned a specific color, which provides an initial 
indication of the crime rate per 100,000 inhabitants, with the rule that the darker the color, the greater the 
crime burden. Within the structure of crime, selected types of crime are statistically processed, such as murder 
and homicide, rape and sexual assault, robbery, motor vehicle theft, drug offenses and others [15]. 

 
Figure 7. Interactive map of Germany - initial display of crime rate [15] 

After selecting a specific area in the interactive map or the appropriate coat of arms of a specific area, the 
system generates a PDF document [15] that contains statistically processed data, presented in the form of 
graphs (Figure 8, 9) and tables (Table 1). 

Table 1. Development of the number of crimes and their clear-up rate in the Bavaria region [adopted from 15] 

Year Crime total Clear-up rate [%] Registered Explained 
2013 635 131 406 873 64,1 
2014 650 868 419 482 64,4 
2015 805 915 584 128 72,5 
2016 882 473 581 860 65,9 
2017 629 512 420 440 66,8 



 DSS Vol. 2, May 2021, pp.53-62 

58 

 

 
Figure 8. Graph of percentage distribution of crime in the Bavaria region by age in 2017 [adopted from 15] 

 
Figure 9. Graph of crime development by nationality of the offender region of Bavaria [adopted from 15] 

2.5. Case of the United States of America 
A project to map crime in US was developed to help police and law enforcement reduce the level of crime. 
Through better information of the population about the current state of crime in the vicinity of their residence, 
there is a subjective perception of crime, which can reflect the real values of crime. This fact represents the 
creation of greater self-confidence among the inhabitants of one defined area, who can help reduce the level of 
crime by their activity [16]. 
Crime data are obtained at regular intervals from the registration system of individual police departments, 
which results in the possibility of displaying the most currently available data. The extraction, processing and 
presentation of data are preceded by their verification, while they are generalized by blocking to ensure their 
protection and at the same time, they cannot be misused [16]. 
The interactive map offers a series of search criteria, which are used to specify the search for specific 
incidents of the defined space for the selected period (Figure 10) [16]. 

 
Figure 10. Showing specific incidents in Oakland, California from 01/04/2021 to 01/31/2021 [15] 

3% 8%

11%

78%

Percentage distribution of crime by age

Child (up to 14 years old)

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62 

or 100,000 [21]. The inhabitant can thus find out the level of crime in the space of which he is a part, which 
can represent for him the added value of the output of the display of crime [20]. 
For the needs of the police, law enforcement and self-government, the added value of the output lines in the 
point representation of the crimes of the assessed area. The presentation of data in this form opens the space 
for the application of targeted and effective security measures, which can actively contribute to reducing the 
level of crime, which can ultimately positively affect the perception of crime by the population. 

Acknowledgments 

This article was supported by the institutional grant project UNIZA Interactive Map of Offenses of the 
Selected Site KOR / 1041/2020 

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