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Defense and Security Studies  Original Research 
Vol. 3, 2022, pp.58-66 
https://doi.org/10.37868/dss.v3.id184 

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 58 

 
 
Utilization of disused airfields of Bangladesh both during peace and 
war 
 
Majidul Haque Bhuiyan 1* 
1 Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh 
 
 

*Corresponding author E-mail: majidul.haque@northsouth.edu   

Received: Jun. 4, 2022 
Revised: Sep. 13, 2022 
Accepted: Sep.14, 2022 
Online: Sep. 19, 2022 

Abstract 

Airpower played a vital role in shaping the result of the Second World War. As a 
British colony, the Indian Sub-continent was targeted by Imperial Japan. The 
Japanese Forces came up to Myanmar (then Burma) and their next target was the 
Indian sub-continent. Due to the geographical location, Bangladesh (the then 
Bengal) was on the front line of British defense; as it was strategically important 
for Japan to occupy Bangladesh. As such, Bangladesh air space was highly 
contended by the belligerents. To support air operations, a good number of 
airfields were prepared by the British-led forces in the then Bengal. However, 
after the war, most of those airfields were abandoned. British left the region in 
1947 and Bengal became part of Pakistan. Economic, strategic, and political 
factors did not permit the maintenance of those airfields and most were left as it 
was. Only Tejgaon airfield was used by Pakistanis for both civil and military 
aviation purposes. After the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, an effort was 
made to revive some of those airfields. 

© The Author 2022. 
Published by ARDA. Keywords: Airfields, Bangladesh, Economic growth,  

1. Introduction  

Bangladesh is becoming economically stronger. With her economic growth, she needs a strong defense to 
ensure her sovereignty. To meet the future requirement, Bangladesh is preparing its defense forces under the 
national guideline named Vision -2030 which is also commonly known as Forces Goal- 2030. As per this, 
BAF is going to have more combat and combat support units with the necessary aircraft and helicopters. The 
airfield is a very important element of air power. Military power cannot be projected without airfield support. 
Presently BAF is operating from four airfields out of which three are civil airfields. The city traffic is 
increasing with the economic growth of the country day by day. It is becoming difficult for BAF aircraft to 
operate from those joint airfields because of increased city traffic. This situation will be further complex as 
several civil traffic is on the rise. So it will not be possible to operate an increased number of BAF aircraft 
from those airfields.  

As such, BAF must look for alternate airfields for her future expansion. Disused airfields are the best option as 
construction of a completely new runway is highly expensive and land scarcity in the country would it even 
more difficult. Many British-built airfields still exist in Bangladesh. In due course of time, a few of those are 
no more in existence, many of those are not in good shape due to misuse and lack of proper maintenance, but 
few are still in good condition. 

2. Research objective 

To recommend the feasibility of using disused airfields of Bangladesh both during peacetime and wartime. 



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3. Problem statement 

Bangladesh has a limited number of active airfields. BAF is operating with civil traffic in most airfields 
because of this limitation.  This is becoming difficult to operate from those airfields due to traffic congestion. 
It hampers effective training, and the economy of effort and jeopardizes flight safety. The situation will 
aggravate in the future when the number of both BAF and civil traffic will increase. Bangladesh has many 
disused airfields. If BAF takes over some of those airfields and maintains them to operable standards then it 
would be beneficial in case of the national requirement. This will also help BAF to operate more effectively 
both in peace and wartime. The core issues with this research are disused airfields (independent variable) and 
utilization of those airfields by BAF in peace and war (dependent variable). To search for a pragmatic solution 
to the problem statement, this research has been limited to the following questions. Primary question is:what 
may be the peacetime and wartime utilization of disused airfields of Bangladesh? 
Secondary Questions are: what is the BAF's requirement for the airfield to meet the expansion plan as per 
Forces Goal-2030? And what are the airfields that may be developed for future requirements?  

4. Limitations and assumptions 

This research is mainly based on the primary data available from different sources and interviews with 
specialists. It is not possible to check the physical condition of those airfields which would give a better 
understanding of the present condition of those airfields due to time constrain and the scope of the research. 

5. Hypothesis 

Bangladesh has had many disused airfields since World War II. If BAF takes over some of those airfields and 
maintains them, those airfields may be used for regular use, disaster management, or natural calamity. It will 
reduce the traffic congestion on the jointly operated airfields, provide effective and economical training to 
BAF and promote Flight Safety. In wartime, this will provide good options for more operating surfaces, 
dispersal of the assets, and increased radius of action for friendly aircraft. 

6. Present state of airfields in Bangladesh 

Bangladesh is a small country with growing demand for land for industry and agriculture. In 2011 government 
planned to build a new airport at Munshigonj (Arial bill), which is a marshy land. But in the face of strong 
protest from local people, the government abandoned the project. The runway length of Bogra airfield could 
not be extended as land could not be acquired yet. In light of this fact, it is very important to maintain the 
disused airfields not only for BAF, but also to facilitate civil aviation and other national requirements. If 
disused airfields are renovated; civil airliners and any other agencies may also be benefited. This would 
improve responsiveness during times of natural calamities like floods and earthquakes. During wartime, the 
airfield is the platform from where military force can be projected through aircraft [7]. The existence of an 
active airfield and associated infrastructure is an additional factor in regional, social and economic 
development. It is a very costly affair to construct an airfield even if the land is available.  

Present State of Airfields in Bangladesh: Bangladesh possesses 43 airfields/landing strips. These airfields can 
be classified as operational airfields, STOL Ports, or Disused and Usable airfields. After independence, the 
country only developed a few airfields to meet the requirement [1][2]. Out of all the available airfields, BAF 
jointly operates with CAAB from all those airfields except Tejgaon which is dedicated to BAF operation 
(except fighters). BAF also uses Bogra for basic trainer aircraft and Shamshernagar for limited air transport 
operations. Cox’s Bazaar airfield is fit for the emergency operation of BAF jet aircraft. However, Cox's Bazar 
runway is likely to be extended by another 1,500 feet which would allow fighter jets to operate from Cox's 
Bazar. Recently BAF has signed an MOU with CAAB, where BAF is authorized to establish necessary 
installations around the Barisal airfield and operate from there. 

6.1   Active/operational airfields 

In total 12 airfields are classified as operational; those are Kurmitola (Hazrat Shahjalal International), 
Tejgaon, Chittagong, Jessore, Cox’s Bazar, Rajshahi, Saidpur, Sylhet, Barisal, Bogra, Shamshernagar, and 
Lalmonirhat.  

6.2   STOL ports 

There are three STOL ports; Comilla, Ishurdi, and Thakurgoan. 



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6.3   Disused and usable airfields 

Some airfields were used earlier during World War II and are not in use now. These airfields have basic 
structures and more importantly, the land is not yet grabbed by locals. There are 15 airfields of this kind, 
which can be used for undertaking major or minor repair works. The following table shows the name of these 
airfields along with info.  

6.4   Disused and unusable airfields 

The remaining 13 airfields are not recoverable or unusable [4][5][9][10][11]. In this case, most of the 
operating surface is either damaged by the local population or in possession of land grabbers. 

7. Considerations for taking over a runway 

Some factors must be kept in mind while taking over or making a runway operational. These are: 

7.1   Strategic considerations 

To establish a runway for military use, strategic considerations must be taken into account. This should 
include own VAs, VPs, enemy VAs, VPs, location of probable adversary's air bases, probable enemy avenue 
of approach, potential enemy’s capability, and other geopolitical considerations.  

7.2   Runway length 

A runway of at least 6,000 ft (1,829 m) in length is usually adequate for aircraft weights below approximately 
200,000 lb (90,718 kg). BAF should look for an airfield that can accommodate fighter aircraft [17][18]. As 
such the runway length should be 7500 feet or more for fighter operation.  

7.3   Availability of land 

To establish an air base, a lot of infrastructure development will be needed. This will require a huge area of 
land in and around the airfield. So availability of land is a concern for taking over an airfield.  

7.4   Topography 

There should be sufficient plain land in and around the airfield so that the approach and landing path are clear 
of obstacles. Overrun areas are also constructed at the end of runways as emergency space to stop aircraft that 
overrun the runway when the landing may go wrong, or to stop the aircraft on an aborted takeoff. 

8. Threat perception 

Bangladesh is a very small country thus the geographical depth is also very less. It is minimum aerial depth is 
140nm in East-West and 213nm in the North-South direction. The map showing the geographical depth of our 
country is given as Annex B. With a combat speed of 800 KPH, a fighter ground attack aircraft can reach 
DHAKA from the east in 5 min 25 seconds, from the North in 10 min 45 seconds [1], and from the west in 12 
min 30 seconds [20][21][22][23][24][25][27]. Attacking Chittagong from the North will take 5 min 50 
seconds. She is surrounded by the big neighbor India on three sides (for air power on four sides as Indian 
Naval air arm can attack from the south too). She has both a land and maritime border with Myanmar. The 
probable threats from those two neighbors are discussed below: 

8.1   Air threat from India 

Indian Air Force (IAF) is the fourth largest air force in the world. IAF's Eastern Air Command (EAC) would 
be the main threat to Bangladesh. EAC has 15 air bases in its AOR. Among these Kolkata, Barakpur, 
Bagdogra, Hashimara, Baranpani, Agartala, and Kumbhirgram are located close to our border. EAC has 
different types of fighter aircraft, such as   MiG-21, MiG-23, MiG-25, MiG-27, MiG-29, Mirage-2000, and 
Su-30. IAF is in the process of purchasing RAFAEL, Su-30 MKI, and Su T-50 within 2022. Due to less 
geographical depth, we would get very less reaction time to encounter the air threat from EAC [2][3][4][8]. 
Indian Naval aircraft carrier would be able to pose threat from the South and may block the Sea Lines of 
Communication (SLOC).  

8.2 Air threat from Myanmar 

Myanmar has developed a balanced air force. With the changed geopolitical situation,  Myanmar is 
becoming a more important factor in the region. This will lead Myanmar to acquire a more capable platform 



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for military use. As of now, Myanmar Air Force (MAF) has around 132 combat aircraft including MiG-29, A-
5C, F-7, G-4 Super Galeb, and K-8 [12][13][14][15][16]. MAF reportedly has or acquiring the Maritime 
version of MiG-29 too. The MAF quality of training and manpower skill is difficult to determine. With 
present capability, MAF could launch a limited strike on Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar and threatens our SLOC 
and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) MAF may utilize civil airfields as front-line airfields in case of 
hostilities. 

9. Peacetime and wartime use of disused airfields  

Airfields may be used by BAF for the following purposes in peacetime: 

9.1.1   Disaster management 

Bangladesh is a disaster-prone country. Whenever any natural calamity hits, relief operations are conducted. 
In case of any earthquake or massive floods, many of the airfields may become unusable. Sometimes even 
relief operations become difficult because of the non-availability of a staging base despite the availability of 
local and international relief. If we can maintain those disused airfields to an operable condition then it will 
give us the freedom to continue with relief operations. Relief and rescue operation is one of the prime 
responsibilities of BAF. So BAF may take over and maintain some of those airfields at different locations of 
the country and help in times of disaster.  

9.1.2   Pesticide control 

Many of the disused airfields were used by the Bangladesh Department of Agriculture Extension in the early 
70s and 80s. Due to the nonavailability of funds, this project was stopped. If Bangladesh can manage local or 
international funds then this can be revived. The disused airfields can be used for this purpose. This will 
ultimately help Bangladesh to improve its agricultural sector. 

9.1.3   Increase the efficiency of BAF 

Most of the time BAF traffic needs to hold for a long time for departure and rejoin from the joint airfield. This 
reduces air time, the aircrew gets less time to practice flying exercises, and sometimes it creates crew fatigue 
as they hold on the ground for a long time. If BAF would have separate airfields then these problems would 
not be there and that would increase the operational efficiency of the BAF as a whole.  This will also enhance 
the efficiency of BAF personnel in maintaining an airfield. 

9.1.4   Promoting flight safety 

Once operating from its airfield, aircrew will be free of tension from excess traffic management, and will not 
need to hold for departure or rejoin. This will reduce traffic congestion in joint airfields which will ultimately 
enhance Flight Safety. 

9.1.5   Reduce fuel cost of BAF 

BAF aircraft hold for a long time before takeoff and also holds during rejoining. Thereby a lot of fuel is burnt 
without any effective output. If BAF would have a dedicated runway then this fuel cost would reduce just like 
the cost of traffic jams in Dhaka city. 

9.1.6   Effective communication 

If the disused airfields are maintained, then commercial airliners would also provide their service. If BAF 
maintains those airfields then BAF may get reimbursement from those agencies. 

9.1.7   Establishing educational institute 

BAF may establish several schools/colleges/universities in different places in the country around those 
disused airfields. This will help to promote the social development of the country. These Shaheen schools and 
colleges may become a good breeding ground for future BAF recruitment also. 

9.2   Use of airfields during wartime  

Airfields may be used for the following purposes in wartime: Platform to Project Force. 



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For takeoff and landing most aircraft need a runway. So without a runway, it is almost impossible to project 
military force during the war. One of the limitations of airpower is a base dependency for refueling, re-arm, 
and changing the crew. So, without an airfield, it is not possible to conduct any air operation. 

9.3   Dispersal  

During war passive air defense, and distributed dispersal is very effective. Airfields must be vulnerable from 
the strategic point of view as it contain high-value targets.  From a passive defense point of view to survive for 
a long time air assets may be kept in reserve in those dispersed airfields. This dispersion may create 
difficulties for the enemies for detection and destruction. 

9.3.1   Vital targets under reach 

ROA is increased for friendly aircraft when operating from FABs. This would allow more enemy targets 
within the reach.  These disused airfields may be utilized for this purpose.  

9.3.2   Reduced interception time 

If we have forward bases then it will take less time to intercept enemy attackers. 

9.3.3   More enemy effort 

If we have more runways then the enemy will have an increased number of runways to neutralize. It will have 
more chances to attack the enemy. 

9.4   Disused airfields and forces Goal-2030  

BAF would have 10 combat squadrons by 2030 as per Vision-2030. These ten combat squadrons would 
include 04 Air Defence fighter squadrons, 03 Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA) squadrons, 02 squadrons 
of Long Range Ground Attack Aircraft, and 01 Maritime attack squadron [30][31][32][33][34][35]. Presently, 
BAF has only 03 Squadrons of Air Defence fighters and 01 Ground Attack squadron. Therefore, BAF will add 
one Air Defence fighter Squadron, three squadrons of MRCA, one squadron of Ground attack squadron, and 
one Maritime attack squadron. Considering the operational priority, BAF would add 01 medium-lift transport 
aircraft squadron with extended range by 2030. One more utility helicopter squadron (medium lift), 01 Lands 
SAR, and 01 Maritime SAR squadron would be added to the present helicopter fleet of BAF [27][31]. To 
enhance AEW capability 03 AEW aircraft may be added. BAF plans to add 03 LRMPA by 2030. 

9.5   Present operational bases of BAF  

Presently BAF has four operational (flying) bases (BAF BBD, BAF BSR, BAF ZHR, and BAF MTR) among 
which Tejgaon runway is not fit for fighter operation. Runways of BAF BBD, BAF ZHR, and MTR are 
jointly operated. Flying Instructors School (FIS) operates only PT-6 from Bogra airfield. Due to traffic 
congestion, it would be neither possible nor wise to increase operation from these airfields. As such, BAF 
should look for alternate airfields for her operation.  

The increased number of flying squadrons as desired by vision 2030 would require additional runways and 
Bases [26][28][29]. The number of operational bases would be increased by another 3-4 for the smooth and 
safe conduct of air operations. 

9.6   Future plan of BAF (Vision 2030) regarding airfield  

BAF has already signed an MOU with CAAB to establish necessary infrastructures and operations from the 
Barisal airfield. Moreover, In Vision-2030, eight stations (BAF Shulukia, BAF Patuakhali, BAF Tangail, BAF 
Bazitpur, BAF Shamsher Nagar, BAF Lalmonirhat, BAF Chiringa, and BAF Comilla) are considered for 
development. Among these Shamshernagar and Lalmonirhat are already under BAF. 

9.7   Proposed development plan for the airfields  

Options of Active Airfields for BAF Use: Some airfields are active but not used by BAF jets. Considering the 
geographical location, runway length, surface condition, response time in case of interception, operational 
reach, and ubiquity; BAF may plan to develop and operate from the following active airfields:  

9.7.1   Cox's Bazar airfield 



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If we consider runway length (6700'), other infrastructure availability, geo-strategic importance, etc then Cox's 
Bazar is the best option for the South-east axis (To encounter Myanmar threat) [13][19]. Two fighter 
squadrons and one helicopter squadron may be deployed there. 

9.7.2   Barishal airfield 

Barisal would give us maximum defense in depth and related advantages. Barisal may be used to defend 
against Indian Naval air arm attack also. The runway length is also comfortable (6000'). Extending the runway 
by another 2000', BAF would be able to operate at least two to three squadrons with a lot of flexibility. BAF 
may have a big plan regarding Barisal. 

9.7.3   Sylhet airfield 

BAF may operate from Sylhet (8500') airfield with minimum effort. Only the required infrastructure for BAF 
operation is enough and it would enhance the ROA of BAF aircraft to a great extent. 1 fighter squadron and 1 
Transport squadron may be positioned there. It will safeguard the North-East axis. 

9.7.4   Saidpur airfield 

Among Lalmonirhat, Thakorgaon, and Saidpur; Saidpur is geographically in the best location. The runway 
length is 6000', so another 2000' would be enough for any aircraft operation.  BAF may deploy one Fighter 
Squadron and one 1Helicopter Squadron to cover the North-West axis. 

9.8   Development of unused airfields:  

The following disused airfields may be developed. 

9.8.1   Tangail airfield 

The runway length is only 1800' and it is difficult to extend much due to its surroundings [6]. 

i. SAR squadron may be placed there to occupy the airfield. This would be good in the future as we have a 
training area there. 

ii. Patuakhali:  Runway length is only 1800'. But it would be very good to have a maritime helicopter 
squadron there. Moreover, that area is disaster-prone, so whenever needed it may be used as a forward base.  

9.8.2   Char Sulukia 

The runway length is only 1800'. One SAR squadron may be placed there. This airfield would provide very 
good support in case of any natural disaster in Chittagong. 

9.8.3   Samachar (Kishoregonj) 

The runway length is 1800'. May be developed as a C&M unit. This airfield would provide very good support 
in case of an earthquake in Dhaka. 

9.8.4   Miscellaneous 

BAF Shamsher Nagar, Ishurdi, and Lalmonirhat may be developed for emergency operations only. The 
infrastructure available should be maintained with other training units. Though the Chiringa airfield is almost 
grabbed by locals, BAF may take a drive to capture it if possible, as it would be a good alternative to Cox's 
Bazar and Chittagong in case of emergency or if any of those airfields become unusable. BAF may take over 
all the airfields so that those are not occupied by the land grabbers.BAF may take these airfields and establish 
schools, Colleges, and Universities. 

10. Doctrinal implication 

Airfields played a very vital role in the development of air power. Since its inception, airpower has been 
dependent on airfield support. Air-to-air refueling and a multi-fuel tank may have increased the endurance, or 
Vertical takeoff and landing capable aircraft may not require a conventional runway but there is no provision 
yet which can rearm or change crew up in the air. Enemy airpower can be destroyed by a successful attack on 
its airfield by any means. So the safety and security of the airfield are one of the top priorities of the concerned 
personnel.  



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More airfields provide the commander freedom of action and maneuver his flying machines. There is no 
alternative to an airfield to project military power through aircraft. National requirements, location of the 
airfield, and future force structuring should be kept in mind while developing a disused airfield. 

10.1   Organizational setup 

Organizational setup includes activities such as job distribution, coordination, and supervision, which are 
directed toward the achievement of organizational objectives. Proper utilization of disused runways certainly 
needs short-term and long-term organizational setup by BAF. 

10.2   Short-term organizational setup 

These are the structural reforms to achieve an immediate goal. The following may be required for this 
purpose: 

 Set up a cell at Air Headquarters to identify the prospect of disused airfields. 
 Take up the case to appropriate government agencies to hand over those airfields to BAF. 
 Top-level government policymakers to be convinced and motivated about the importance of those 

airfields including benefits for the civil sector. 
 To establish & approve small-scale TO&E for C&M Units to look after those airfields..Initiate repair 

works of those airfields by convincing the Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB) [8] as far 
as possible. 

10.3   Long-term organizational set-up 

These are the structural reforms to achieve a long-term goal. Keeping in mind the ‘Forces Goal -2030’ the 
following may be done: 

a.Prioritize the airfields that BAF wishes to take over. Accordingly, establish infrastructures and start flying 
from those airfields. 

b. Take up the case for an extension of the runway wherever required.  Local people should be well motivated 
to cooperate with BAF. Projects of BAF Shaheen School/College may help to motivate the local population. 

c.Initiation of new TO&E for bases. 

d.Acquisition of combat platforms that would be suitable to operate from those bases. 

Above mentioned setup may look very highly ambitious. As a developing nation, the government has many 
priority sectors other than Armed Forces. The economic strength of the country may improve in the future. At 
that time government might have the capability to support this sector.  

10.4   Financial implication 

Construction of an airfield is very expensive and sometimes it costs a major amount of the yearly national 
budget of a developing country. Although this paper will not go into details on financial aspects, some 
endeavor was made to know the approximate cost to make an airfield. As per the Chief Engineer of CAAB, it 
varies on the requirement and type of runway we wish to make. As per rough estimation, it may take 50 core 
to 5000 core taka to prep a runway of 6000-8000 feet. 

11. Conclusions 

Air power is very effective as an instrument of war but is always limited by the need for complex, rigid 
operational and legal bases. More airfields are very good options for a commander to orchestrate his plan and 
equipment for the successful conduct of war. Airfields are the place where there is a runway with all new 
storage and maintenance facilities from where air power can be projected. So far most of the aircraft need a 
runway for takeoff and landing and BAF is likely to require an airfield in the foreseeable future for its 
operation. Bangladesh inherited a good number of airfields some of which are still in useable condition and 
others are damaged due to a lack of proper initiative and maintenance. Valuable items & accessories from 
these airfields were taken by interested parties. To augment the defensive capability of Bangladesh, these 
assets need to be protected. If BAF could take over and make some of those airfields operational, it would be 
beneficial in both peacetime and wartime for the country. In war, it would be difficult for men to attack more 
airfields, and also it would provide good options for us to attack the enemy. Civil aviation would also benefit 



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from those airfields. A greater number of airfields would give freedom of relief operation during natural 
calamity and disaster management. By 2030, BAF needs another 4-5 airfields to conduct its operational and 
training activities. Considering the present condition and location Cox's Bazar, Barisal, Sylhet, and Saidpur 
may be utilized. Patuakhaki, Tangail, Sarar Char, and Char Sulukia airfields may be used for the operation. 
More airfields will give BAF better training opportunities, reduce fuel costs, and reduce traffic congestion in 
joint airfields thereby promoting flight safety. It may be used for national requirements by reacting faster 
when required.  

Declaration of competing interest 

The authors declare that they haven’t any known financial or non-financial competing interests in any material 
discussed in this paper. 

Funding information 

No funding was received from any financial organization to conduct this research. 

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