Subject Index Volume 43 1% carrageenan, 113 Acrylic resin, 40 plate, 201 Aesthetics, 157 Aggressive periodontitis, 210 Alkaline phosphatase, 176 Alveolar resorption, 141 bone necrosis, 151 Ampicillin, 146 Ankylosis, 67 Anti-inflammation, 113 Apical leakage, 102 Aspirin, 113 Assisted drainage, 97 Atrophic ridge, 181 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 190 Augmentation, 181 Australomelanesoid, 81 Autogenous bone graft, 11 Baby bottle tooth decay syndrome, 44 Bacterial colonization, 131 Black tea, 201 blaZ, 146 Bleeding disorder, 163 Bonding material, 62 Bone defects, 11 Bruxism, 97 Bucco-lateral defect, 195 Calcium hydroxide, 168 lactate, 141 Candida albicans, 201 Carbamazepine, 49 Caries, 186 Cervical end preparation design, 131 Children, 17, 97 Chitosan, 168 Chlorhexidine, 102 Chronic periodontitis, 210 Citotoxicity, 62 Collarless metal ceramic crown, 131 Complete unilateral cleft lip, 172 Compomer, 190 Computer-aided system, 107 Condylar fracture, 67 Contact hypersensitivity, 126 Curing method, 40 Delayed root formation, 76 Dental anxiety, 17 modifications, 81 pulp, 186 Dentin surface drying technique, 54 Dentist, 163 Direct pulp capping, 168 Effectiveness, 122 Enamel defect, 91 hypoplasia, 157 Endodontic therapy, 205 Endo-perio lesion, 195 Erythema multiforme, 49 Estrogen, 117 receptor a and b, 117 Etiology, 1 Extraction wound, 31 Fibroblast, 31 cells, 62 Fluoride, 72 Furcation involvement, 205 HEMA, 62 Honey solution, 58 Human leukocyte antigen, 26 Hybrid prosthesis, 136 Hydroxyethyl methacrylate dentin bonding agent, 54 Hypersensitivity, 49 Indirect veneer, 157 Indonesian chronology, 81 Injectable bone xenografi, 176 hydroxyapatite, 176 hydroxyapatite-chitosan, 176 Interleukin-1ß, 210 Intrauterine growth restriction, 91 Line strength, 107 Malnutrition, 6 Management, 6, 195 Mandible, 181 Mandibular fracture location, 1 growth disturbance, 67 Medicine and dentistry applications, 81 Mengkudu (Morinella citrifolia Linn.) gel, 31 MFP implant, 72 Miacalcic, 141 Millard’s surgical technique, 172 Mongoloid, 81 Mononuclear cell, 126 Mouth-rinse, 58 Mozart effect, 17 MTA, 102 MTT viability, 176 215 Mynocycline gel, 21 Nerve fibers, 186 Night guard, 97 Noma, 6 Nostril sill, 172 Odontoblast-like cells, 168 Odontoma, 76 Oral mucosal epithelium, 26 rinse, 21 Oroantral fistula, 151 closure, 151 Orthodontic treatment, 35 Osteoblast, 176 Osteoporosis, 107 Panoramic radiographs, 107 Periodontal care, 58 disease/severity, 117 pocket, 117 Plaque control, 58 Pocket depth, 21 Porcelain, 157 Precision attachment, 136 Protein gene product 9.5, 186 Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 26 Resin, 62 Restrain, 190 Retrograde filling, 102 Rhinosinusitis, 97 Risk factor, 44 Root resection, 205 resorption, 35 Rounded end bristle, 122 Saline, 102 Sardinella longiceps oil, 113 Sharp alveolar process, 136 end bristle, 122 Small for gestational age, 91 Soft liner, 136 Spontaneous eruption, 76 Staphylococcus aureus, 146 Systemic lupus erythematosus,6 Tell show do, 190 Tensile bond strength, 54 The frequency of bottle-feeding, 44 The incisors of white rats, 72 Thrombocytopenia, 163 Tissue engineering, 11, 176 Tongue piercing, 126 Toothbrush, 122 Trabecular bone, 107 Transverse strength, 40 Trauma mechanisms, 1 Traumatized anterior teeth, 190 Vestibuloplasty, 181 Vitamin C, 141 216 Author Index Volume 43 Anggani, Haru S, 35 Apriasari, Maharani Laillyza, 49 Arifin, Agus Zainal, 107 Augustina, Eka Fitria, 21 Bachtiar EW, 176 Da’at Arina, Yuliana Mahdiyah, 117 Endrajana, 67 Ernawati, Diah Savitri, 26 Fakhrurrazi, 1 Haniastuti, Tetiana, 186 Harijadi, Achmad, 76 Herachakri P, Ananta, 126 Irna Sufiawati, 6 Ismiyatin, Kun, 54 Januar, Paulus, 122 Juniarti, Devi Eka, 157 Kentjananingsih, Sri, 141 Khoswanto, Christian, 31 Kuntjoro, Mefina, 181 Laksmiastuti, S. Ratna, 163 Machmud, Edy, 131 Mulyawati, Ema, 102 Nugraeni, Yuli, 195 Nurul M, Dewi, 58 Prahasanti, Chiquita, 210 Pramono D, Coen, 172 Prananingrum, Widyasri, 168 Rizal, Mochamad Fahlevi, 44 Salim, Sherman, 40 Saraswati, Widya, 62 Sari, Rima Parwati, 113 Satari, Mieke, 146 Setiawan, Arlette Suzy, 17 Setiawati, Ernie Maduratna, 205 Soebagio, 201 Sukaedi, 136 Sumarta, Ni Putu Mira, 151 Suriyanto, Rusyad Adi, 81 Syarif,, Willyanti S, 91 Utomo, Haryono, 97 Veranica, 190 Vitria, Evy Eida, 11 Widjijono, 72 217 thanks to editor in duty of dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Volume ��� number � March ����: 1. Prof. Dr. Peter Agus, drg., MS., Sp.BM (Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery – Airlangga University) 2. Achmad Harijadi, drg., MS., Sp.BM (Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery – Airlangga University) 3. Kus Harijanti, drg., MS., Sp.PM (Oral Medicine – Airlangga University) 4. Dr. Retno Indrawati, drg., M.Si (Oral Biology – Airlangga University) 5. Dr. Ernie Maduratna Setiawati, drg., M.Kes., Sp.Perio (Periodontic – Airlangga University) 6. David Buntoro Kamadjaja, drg., MDS., Sp.BM (Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery – Airlangga University) 7. Hendrik Setiabudi, drg., M.Kes. (Oral Biology – Airlangga University) Volume ��� number � June ����: 1. Prof. Widowati Witjaksono, DDS, Ph.D (Kulliyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia) 2. Prof. Dr. Peter Agus, drg., MS., Sp.BM (Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery – Airlangga University) 3. Dr. Ernie Maduratna Setiawati, drg., M.Kes., Sp.Perio (Periodontic – Airlangga University) Volume ��� number �� September ����: 1. Prof. Dr. Trijoedani Widodo, drg., MS., Sp.KG. (Conservative Dentistry – Airlangga University) 2. Endrajana, drg., MS., Sp.BM. (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – Airlangga University) 3. Dr. Retno Indrawati, drg., MSi. (Oral Biology – Airlangga University) 4. Dr. Indah Listiana Kriswandini, drg., M.Kes. (Oral Biology – Airlangga University) 5. Dr. Theresia Indah BS, drg., M.Kes. (Oral Biology – Airlangga University) 6. Hendrik Setiabudi, drg., M.Kes. (Oral Biology – Airlangga University) Volume ��� number � december ����: 1. Prof. Dr. H. Boedi Oetomo Roeslan, drg., MBiomed (Biochemistry – Trisakti University) 2. Prof. Dr. Adioro Soetojo, drg., MS., Sp.KG(K) (Conservative Dentistry – Airlangga University) 3. Els Sunarsih Budipramana, drg., MS., Sp.KGA(K) (Pediatric Dentistry – Airlangga University) 4. Endrajana, drg., MS., Sp.BM. (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – Airlangga University) 5. Ester Arjani Rachmat, drg., MS (Oral Biology – Airlangga University) 6. Dr. Retno Indrawati, drg., M.Si. (Oral Biology – Airlangga University) 7. Rostiny, drg., M.Kes., Sp.Pros(K) (Prosthodontic – Airlangga University) 8. Hendrik Setiabudi, drg., M.Kes. (Oral Biology – Airlangga University) 218 Guide for authors Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) only publishes original articles on all aspects of dentistry and dental related disciplines. Articles are considered for publication with the condition that they have not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere. Articles can be classified as research reports, case reports and literature reviews that keep the readers informed of current issues, innovative cases and reviews in dentistry. They should also support scientific advancement, education and dental practice development. Manuscripts will be published in English therefore it is the author’s responsibility to ensure the submitted manuscript to be provided in appropriate English. The language used in manuscript must be non numeral, and free of mistypes. The length of manuscript must be proportional. The manuscript must be submitted in soft copy file via CD or e-mail. Manuscript should be typed using MS Word program. The font used should be Times New Roman, sizing 14 pt for the title, and 12 pt for others. Headlines are typed in bold, while Latin names are typed in italics. Three legible copies of the manuscript which are typed in double space with the left, right, top, and bottom margin should be 2.5 cm or 1 inch length, printed on good quality A4 white paper (210 × 297mm) should also be enclosed. The length of article should not below 10 pages and should not exceed 12 pages. Authors should also follow the manuscript preparation guidelines. format for research reports: • title should be brief, specific and informative. The title must contain maximum 10 words (not exceeding 40 letters and spaces) with capital letter on the first word of the title. The title must be provided in English and Bahasa Indonesia. • name of author(s) should include full names of author(s), address to which proofs are to be sent, name and address of the department(s) to which the work should be attributed and appointed accordingly with asterisk (*) symbol. Example: Jamal Bin Razak*, Matsuo Hamada**, Ninuk Hartati***, and Harold Whitfield**** * Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry - University of Malaya Malaysia ** Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry - Hiroshima University Japan *** Department of Dental Public Health Faculty of Dentistry - Airlangga University Indonesia **** Department of Endodontics School of Dental and Health Sciences - The University of Melbourne Australia • abstract should be structured with concise description (contains not more than 250 words, formatted in single space, and done in one paragraph). The abstract must be provided in English and Bahasa Indonesia. Footnotes, references, and abbreviations are not used in the abstract. abstract in research reports should consists of “Background:”, “Purpose:”, “Methods:”, “results:” and “Conclusion:” typed in bold within one paragraph. • Key words contain 3–5 words and/or phrases and must be provided below the abstract. The key words must be provided in English and Bahasa Indonesia, with standard scientific phrase or word. • Correspondence should contain details of the author in charge with detailed mailing address and e-mail (Consists of full name, name of institution, mailing address, telephone number, Fax number and Email address). • introduction comprises the problem’s background, its formulation and purpose of the work or case or review and prospect for the future. Introduction in literature reviews are followed by headline topics and exposures to be discussed. • Materials and Methods contain clear description on used materials and scheme of experiments as well as methods in order to enable other examiners to undertake retrial or duplication and validity checked if necessary. Reference should be given to the unknown method. Research ethics on animal and human subjects must be stated accordingly, if applicable. • results should be presented accurately and concisely in logical sequence with the minimum number of tables and illustrations necessary for summarizing only important observations. Tables must be made in horizontal (without vertical line separation) for simple viewing. Mathematical Equations should be clearly stated. When mathematical symbols are not available on computer, hand written symbols with soft lead pencil could be used. decimal numbers should be separated by point (.). tables, illustrations, and photographs should be cited in the text in consecutive order and provided separately from the texts of manuscript. The titles and detailed explanations of the figures belong in the legends for illustrations (figures, graphs) not on the illustrations themselves. All non-standard abbreviations that are used must be explained in footnotes. • discussion explains the meaning of the examination’s results, not repeating the result, in what way the reported result can solve the problems, differences and equalities with previous study and development possibilities. This section should include the conclusion of the reported work or case and suggestion for further studies if necessary. • acknowledgements to all research contributors, if any, should be stated in brief at the manuscript, prior to references. • references should be arranged according to the Vancouver system. References must be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text, and listed at the end of the text in numeric, not alphabetical order. Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in superscript. References must be valid and taken within the last 10 years of publication, containing at least 70% of primary references (from journals, thesis, dissertations, and patent documents). Unpublished sources, such as manuscripts in preparation and personal communications are not acceptable as references. Only sources cited in the text should appear in the reference list. The name of authors must be written in consistency. The number and volume of journals must be included. Edition, publisher, city, and page numbers of textbooks must be included. Internet downloaded references must include the time of access and web address. Any abbreviation of journals must comply with dental index and medic index. All research reports should have more than 10 references. Citation format for journal articles: 1. Thesleff I. The genetic basis of tooth development and dental defects. Am J Med Genet. 2006; 140(23): 2530–5.Am J Med Genet. 2006; 140(23): 2530–5.. 2. Fekonja A. Hypodontia in orthodontically treated children. Eur J of Orthod. 2005; 27: 457–60. Citation format for textbooks: 1. Anusavice KJ. Phillips’ science of dental materials. 11th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2003. p. 205–9, 231–48. 2. Craig RG, Powers JM. Restorative dental materials. 11th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Co; 2002. p. 330–40. Citation format for electronic publications: 1. Departemen Kehutanan. Perlebahan di Indonesia. 2005.2005. Available at: http://www.dephut.go.id/informasi/humas/lebah. htm. Accessed December 25, 2009. 2. Yu F. Management of thumbs duplication. Emerg Infect Dis (on line) http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/eid.html. 1997. Accessed April 30, 2010. Citation format for proceedings: 1. Syafiar L. Titanium as metallic implant material. Prosiding TIMNAS V & Lustrum XVI. Surabaya; 2009. p. 16–20. 2. Sutowijoyo A, Suardita K, Prasetyo EP. Restoring mastication 219 by one visit endodontic as a preliminary treatment for immediate overdenture. Prosiding Temu Ilmiah Nasional IKORGI I. Surabaya; 2010. p. 131–4. Citation format for thesis and dissertations: 1. Munadziroh E. Karakterisasi, ekspresi dan kloning gen penyandi protein secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor membrana emnion sebagai kandidat untuk mempercepat penyembuhan luka gingiva. Dissertation. Surabaya: Pascasarjana Universitas Airlangga; 2008. p. 8–21. Citation format for patents: 1. Setijanto D. Tusuk gigi bentuk setengah bulat. HC-H3.02. P01.012.1796/2002 format for Case reports: • title should be brief, specific and informative. The title must contain maximum 10 words (not exceeding 40 letters and spaces) with capital letter on the first word of the title. The title must be provided in English and Bahasa Indonesia. • name of author(s) should include full names of author(s), address to which proofs are to be sent, name and address of the department(s) to which the work should be attributed and appointed accordingly with asterisk (*) symbol. Example: Jamal Bin Razak*, Matsuo Hamada**, Ninuk Hartati***, and Harold Whitfield**** * Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry - University of Malaya Malaysia ** Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry - Hiroshima University Japan *** Department of Dental Public Health Faculty of Dentistry - Airlangga University Indonesia **** Department of Endodontics School of Dental and Health Sciences - The University of Melbourne Australia • abstract should be structured with concise description (contains not more than 250 words, formatted in single space, and done in one paragraph). The abstract must be provided in English and Bahasa Indonesia. Footnotes, references, and abbreviations are not used in the abstract. abstract in Case reports should consists of “Background:”, “Purpose:”, “Case(s):”, “Case Management:” and “Conclusion:” typed in bold within one paragraph. • Key words contain 3-5 words and/or phrases and must be provided below the abstract. The key words must be provided in English and Bahasa Indonesia, with standard scientific phrase or word. • Correspondence should contain details of the author in charge with detailed mailing address and e-mail (Consists of full name, name of institution, mailing address, telephone number, Fax number and Email address). • introduction comprises the problem’s background, its formulation and purpose of the work or case or review and prospect for the future. • Case(s) contain clear and detailed description on presented case(s) including anamnesis and clinical examinations. Tooth nomenclature must be explained, whether using Zygmondy system, World Health Organization system, or Universal system. • Case(s) management should be presented accurately and concisely in chronological sequence supported with figures and detailed descriptions on what was done. • discussion explains the meaning of the examination’s results, not repeating the result, in what way the reported result can solve the problems, differences and equalities with previous study and development possibilities. This section should include the conclusion of the reported work or case and suggestion for further studies if necessary. • acknowledgements to all research contributors, if any, should be stated in brief at the manuscript, prior to references. • references should be arranged according to the Vancouver system. References must be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text, and listed at the end of the text in numeric, not alphabetical order. Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in superscript. References must be valid and taken within the last 10 years of publication, containing at least 70% of primary references (from journals, thesis, dissertations, and patent documents). Unpublished sources, such as manuscripts in preparation and personal communications are not acceptable as references. Only sources cited in the text should appear in the reference list. The name of authors must be written in consistency. The number and volume of journals must be included. Edition, publisher, city, and page numbers of textbooks must be included. Internet downloaded references must include the time of access and web address. Any abbreviation of journals must comply with dental index and medic index. All Case Reports should have more than 10 references. Citation format for journal articles: 1. Thesleff I. The genetic basis of tooth development and dental defects. Am J Med Genet. 2006; 140(23): 2530–5.Am J Med Genet. 2006; 140(23): 2530–5.. 2. Fekonja A. Hypodontia in orthodontically treated children. Eur J of Orthod. 2005; 27: 457–60. Citation format for textbooks: 1. Anusavice KJ. Phillips’ science of dental materials. 11th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2003. p. 205-9, 231–48. 2. Craig RG, Powers JM. Restorative dental materials. 11th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Co; 2002. p. 330–40. Citation format for electronic publications: 1. Departemen Kehutanan. Perlebahan di Indonesia. 2005.Available2005. Available at: http://www.dephut.go.id/informasi/humas/lebah.htm. Accessed December 25, 2009. 2. Yu F. Management of thumbs duplication. Emerg Infect Dis (on line) http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/eid.html. 1997. Accessed April 30, 2010. Citation format for proceedings: 1. Syafiar L. Titanium as metallic implant material. Prosiding TIMNAS V & Lustrum XVI. Surabaya; 2009. p. 16–20. 2. Sutowijoyo A, Suardita K, Prasetyo EP. Restoring mastication by one visit endodontic as a preliminary treatment for immediate overdenture. Prosiding Temu Ilmiah Nasional IKORGI I. Surabaya; 2010. p. 131–4. Citation format for thesis and dissertations: 1. Munadziroh E. Karakterisasi, ekspresi dan kloning gen penyandi protein secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor membrana emnion sebagai kandidat untuk mempercepat penyembuhan luka gingiva. Dissertation. Surabaya: Pascasarjana Universitas Airlangga; 2008. p. 8-21. Citation format for patents: 1. Setijanto D. Tusuk gigi bentuk setengah bulat. HC-H3.02. P01.012.1796/2002 format for literature reviews: • title should be brief, specific and informative. The title must contain maximum 10 words (not exceeding 40 letters and spaces) with capital letter on the first word of the title. The title must be provided in English and Bahasa Indonesia. • name of author(s) should include full names of author(s), address to which proofs are to be sent, name and address of the department(s) to which the work should be attributed and appointed accordingly with asterisk (*) symbol. Example: Jamal Bin Razak*, Matsuo Hamada**, Ninuk Hartati***, and Harold Whitfield**** * Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry - University of Malaya Malaysia ** Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry - Hiroshima University Japan *** Department of Dental Public Health Faculty of Dentistry - Airlangga University Indonesia **** Department of Endodontics School of Dental and Health Sciences - The University of Melbourne Australia • abstract should be structured with concise description (contains not more than 250 words, formatted in single space, and done in one paragraph). The abstract must be provided in English and Bahasa Indonesia. Footnotes, references, and abbreviations are not used in the abstract. abstract in literature reviews should consists of “Background:”, “Purpose:”, “reviews:”, and “Conclusion:” typed in bold within one paragraph. • Key words contain 3–5 words and/or phrases and must be provided below the abstract. The key words must be provided in English and Bahasa Indonesia, with standard scientific phrase or word. • Correspondence should contain details of the author in charge with detailed mailing address and e-mail (Consists of full name, name of institution, mailing address, telephone number, Fax number and Email address). • introduction comprises the problem’s background, its formulation and purpose of the work or case or review and prospect for the future. Introduction in literature reviews are followed by headline topics and overviews to be discussed. • review contains points and detailed matters based on literature which correlates with the discussed subject, to be discussed in the discussion section. • discussion explains the meaning of the examination’s results, not repeating the result, in what way the reported result can solve the problems, differences and equalities with previous study and development possibilities. This section should include the conclusion of the reported work or case and suggestion for further studies if necessary. • acknowledgements to all research contributors, if any, should be stated in brief at the manuscript, prior to references. • references should be arranged according to the Vancouver system. References must be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text, and listed at the end of the text in numeric, not alphabetical order. Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in superscript. References must be valid and taken within the last 10 years of publication, containing at least 70% of primary references (from journals, thesis, dissertations, and patent documents). Unpublished sources, such as manuscripts in preparation and personal communications are not acceptable as references. Only sources cited in the text should appear in the reference list. The name of authors must be written in consistency. The number and volume of journals must be included. Edition, publisher, city, and page numbers of textbooks must be included. Internet downloaded references must include the time of access and web address. Any abbreviation of journals must comply with dental index and medic index. All literature reviews should have more than 30 references. Citation format for journal articles: 1. Thesleff I. The genetic basis of tooth development and dental defects. Am J Med Genet. 2006; 140(23): 2530–5.. 2. Fekonja A. Hypodontia in orthodontically treated children. Eur J of Orthod. 2005; 27: 457–60. Citation format for textbooks: 1. Anusavice KJ. Phillips’ science of dental materials. 11th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2003. p. 205–9, 231–48. 2. Craig RG, Powers JM. Restorative dental materials. 11th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Co; 2002. p. 330–40. Citation format for electronic publications: 1. Departemen Kehutanan. Perlebahan di Indonesia. 2005. Available2005. Available at: http://www.dephut.go.id/informasi/humas/lebah.htm. Accessed December 25, 2009. 2. Yu F. Management of thumbs duplication. Emerg Infect Dis (on line) http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/eid.html. 1997. Accessed April 30, 2010. Citation format for proceedings: 1. Syafiar L. Titanium as metallic implant material. Prosiding TIMNAS V & Lustrum XVI. Surabaya; 2009. p. 16–20. 2. Sutowijoyo A, Suardita K, Prasetyo EP. Restoring mastication by one visit endodontic as a preliminary treatment for immediate overdenture. Prosiding Temu Ilmiah Nasional IKORGI I. Surabaya; 2010. p. 131–4. Citation format for thesis and dissertations: 1. Munadziroh E. Karakterisasi, ekspresi dan kloning gen penyandi protein secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor membrana emnion sebagai kandidat untuk mempercepat penyembuhan luka gingiva. Dissertation. Surabaya: Pascasarjana Universitas Airlangga; 2008. p. 8–21. Citation format for patents: 1. Setijanto D. Tusuk gigi bentuk setengah bulat. HC-H3.02. P01.012.1796/2002 All figures, illustrations and photos must be relevant, informative, concise, and referred if any, provided in file (in JPEG or TIFF format). Non-file photos should be printed in clear glossy paper. The size should meet with the minimum measurement of 125 x 195mm. The maximum number of figures, illustrations, photos, and tables in research report and literature review is 4 (four). The maximum number of figures, illustrations, photos, and tables in case report is 8 (eight). All figures, illustrations and photos must be separated from the texts of manuscript. Written permission must be obtained for material that has been published in copyrighted material; this includes tables, figures, and quoted text that exceeds 150 words. Signed patient release forms are required for photographs of identifiable persons. A copy of all permissions and patient release forms must accompany the manuscript. The editor reserves the right to edit the manuscript, fit articles into space availability, and ensure conciseness, clarity, and stylistic consistency. All accepted manuscripts and their accompanying illustrations will become the permanent property of the publisher, and may not be published elsewhere in full or in part, in print or electronically, without written permission from the publisher. All data, opinions or statements appeared on the manuscript are the sole responsibility of the author(s). Accordingly, the publisher, the editorial board, and their respective employees of the Dental Journal will accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinions, or statements.