EDITORIAL TEAM OF DENTAL JOURNAL (MAJALAH KEDOKTERAN GIGI) SK: 15/UN3.1.2/2022 January 4 – December 31, 2022 Patron: Dean of Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Advisors: Vice Dean I, Vice Dean II, Vice Dean III of Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Editor in Chief: Muhammad Dimas Aditya Ari Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 57200578006] Editorial Address: Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Jl. Mayjen. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47 Surabaya 60132, INDoNeSIA Phone. +62 31 5039478, 5030255. Fax. +62 31 5039478, 5026288 email: dental_journal@fkg.unair.ac.id; Website: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/index Accredited No. 158/e/KPT/2021 Cover photo purchased from: https://stock.adobe.com order number: Ae00770304146CID Volume 55, Issue 1, March 2022 p-ISSN: 1978-3728 e-ISSN: 2442-9740 Editorial Boards Roeland Jozef Gentil De Moor, Department of Restorative dentistry and endodontology, Dental School, Ghent University, Belgium [Scopus ID: 7005928380] Cortino Sukotjo, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry, United States [Scopus ID: 6508194317] Guang Hong, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan [Scopus ID: 7203031334] Kenji Yoshida, Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Japan [Scopus ID: 57080640700] Miguel Rodrigues Martins, Co-Worker Aachen Dental Laser Center, RWTH Aachen University, Germany [Scopus ID: 55993479000] Sajee Sattayut, Department of oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Thailand [Scopus ID: 55431381300] Samir Nammour, Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium [Scopus ID: 6602922393] Reza Fekrazad, Laser Reseach Center in Medical Science, Dental Faculty, AJA University of Medical Science, Iran [Scopus ID: 22952665700] Hong Sai Loh, Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore [Scopus ID: 7202491277] Hamid Nurrohman, Missouri School of Dentistry & oral Health, A.T. Still University, United States [Scopus ID: 52564067000] Harry Huiz Peeters, Laser Research Center, Bandung, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 51864447300] Rahmi Amtha, Department of oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 26031894400] Elza Ibrahim Auerkari, Department of oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 10139113000] R. Darmawan Setijanto, Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 55212583700] Anita Yuliati, Department of Dental Material Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 43462222100] Udijanto Tedjosasongko, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga [Scopus ID: 6508026751] Managing Editors Ketut Suardita, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, IIK Bhakti Wiyata, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 6506788956] Alexander Patera Nugraha, Department of orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 57194112535] Astari Puteri, Department of oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 57200385443] Nastiti Faradilla Ramadhani, Department of oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 57191881659] Associate Editors Beshlina Fitri Widayanti Roosyanto Prakoeswa, Department of Forensic odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 57467259800] Saka Winias, Department of oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 57211330310] Aulia Ramadhani, Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 57205630113] Beta Novia Rizqy, Department of Forensic odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia [Scopus ID: 57214805206] Administrative Assistant Novi Dian Prastiwi, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga; Abdullah Mas’udy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Printed by: Airlangga University Press. Campus C UNAIR Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115, Indonesia. Phone. +62 31 5992246, 5992247, Fax. +62 31 5992248. email: adm@aup.unair.ac.id Volume 55, Issue 1, March 2022 p-ISSN: 1978-3728 e-ISSN: 2442-9740 1. Progressivity analysis of pleomorphic adenoma toward carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma Mei Syafriadi, Dina Zakiyatul Ummah, Aisyah Izzatul Muna, Maria Evata Krismawati Surya ................................................................................................................................................. 1–6 2. The effect of an 8% cocoa bean extract gel on the healing of alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction in Wistar rats Isnandar, Olivia Avriyanti Hanafiah, Muhammad Fauzan Lubis, Lokot Donna Lubis, Adzimatinur Pratiwi, Yeheskiel Satria Yoga Erlangga ............................................................... 7–12 3. A comparison of the accuracy of the cervical vertebrae maturation stage method and Demirjian’s method on mandibular length growth Alfira Putriana Dewi, Seno Pradopo, Sindy Cornelia Nelwan .................................................... 13–15 4. Association between age, gender and education level with the severity of periodontitis in pre-elderly and elderly patients Pitu Wulandari, Dody Widkaja, Aini Hariyani Nasution, Armia Syahputra, Gebby Gabrina ............................................................................................................................................. 16–20 5. The effect of brotowali (Tinospora crispa L.) stem ethanolic extract on the inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm formation Suryani Hutomo, Christiane Marlene Sooai, Maria Silvia Merry, Ceny Gloria Larope, Haryo Dimasto Kristiyanto ............................................................................................................. 21–25 6. Tumor necrosis factor-α and osterix expression after the transplantation of a hydroxyapatite scaffold from crab shell (Portunus pelagicus) in the post-extraction socket of Cavia cobaya Irvan Salim, Michael Josef Kridanto Kamadjaja, Agus Dahlan ................................................. 26–32 7. Addition of gourami (Osphronemus goramy) fish scale powder on porosity of glass ionomer cement Erawati Wulandari, Farah Rachmah Aulia Wardani, Nadie Fatimattuzahro, I Dewa Ayu Ratna Dewanti .................................................................................................................................. 33–37 8. The effects of unilateral posterior crossbite toward the superficial masseter and anterior temporalis on muscle activity during mastication: A surface electromyographic study Agnes Imelda Izach, Christnawati, Darmawan Sutantyo ............................................................ 38–43 CONTENTS Original articles Page Case reports 9. The aesthetic management of a midline diastema with direct composite using digital smile design, putty index and button shade technique: A case report Nirawati Pribadi, Sukaton, Galih Sampoerno, Sylvia, Hendy Jaya Kurniawan, Maya Safitri, Rahmadanty Mustika ...................................................................................................................... 44–48 10. Management of patients with aphthous-like ulcers related to aplastic anaemia in the CoVID-19 pandemic era through teledentistry: A case report Lani Berlina Talahatu, Bima Ewando Kaban, Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas, Intan Noha Brilyanti, Adiastuti Endah Parmadiati, Desiana Radithia, Aulya Setyo Pratiwi ...................... 49–55 Review article 11. exercise as a method to reduce the risk of oral cancer: A narrative review Anis Irmawati, Lia Aulia Rachma, Sidarningsih, Muhammad Naufal Hatta, Ira Arundina, Mohammed Aljunaid ....................................................................................................................... 56–61