Subjects Index Volume 57 3D-printed bite riser, 292 β-tricalcium phosphate, 87 Adhesive remnant index, 45 Adult, 292 Anti-inflammatory, 195 Antioxidants, 74 Artificial teeth, 208 Artocarpus lakoocha, 102 Attitude, 280 Audiovisual, 4 Autism spectrum disorder, 267 Beta III titanium intrusion arch, 9 Biofilm, 189 formation, 254 BioFlx, 80 Blood vessels, 56 Bone alkaline phosphatase, 28 graft, 158 regeneration, 91 substitute, 158 tissue engineering, 87 Bovine teeth, 33 Cadre, 164 Caffeine, 118 Calcium hydroxide, 201 Caries-free, 164 Cartoons, 4 Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate varnish, 248 CBCT, 1 CCLAD, 228 Cell phone radiation, 28 Cephalometry, 97 Children, 15 Chitosan, 87 Chronic inflammation, 234 Cleft lip, 184 palate, 184 Cocoa, 118 Collagen, 38 Complete denture, 208 Condylar cartilage, 22 Connecticut intrusion arch, 9 Continuous moderate-intensity exercise, 38 Cooperation predictor, 267 Coronavirus disease-19, 221 COVID-19, 110 pandemic, 15 survivors, 50 Crossbite anterior, 292 Curcuma xanthorrhiza, 124 Deep learning, 62 Deformation, 80 Degradation, 87 Dental, 317 Dental caries, 33, 62, 189 fear and anxiety, 4 health behavior, 164 implant, 158 procedure, 267 trauma, 298 Dentigerous cyst, 298 Dentin demineralization, 33 desensitizer, 248 sensitivity, 248 Dentistry, 22 Denture base, 273 Desensitizing agent, 45 Detection, 62 Diabetes mellitus, 124 Distraction, 4 EDTA, 178 Effect, 68 Electromagnetic radiation, 28 Enamel microporosity, 131 Endodontic irrigation material, 178 management; 1 Enucleation, 298 Epigallocatechin gallate, 254 Exocad program, 259 Face, 310 Fear, 221 Fibrinogen-like protein 1, 139 Fibroblast, 56, 102, 124 Finite element analysis, 80 Fluoride, 131 Foot, 317 Forensic anthropology, 97 Full-mouth rehabilitation, 152 Gait, 317 Ganoderma lucidum, 195 Gelatin, 87 Gene polymorphism, 234 General anesthesia, 310 Gingivitis, 50 Glass ionomer cement, 172 Glide path, 145 Growth, 189 Hard palate, 305 Hardness, 273 test, 172 Hemimaxillectomy, 215 Holistic treatment, 152 Human disease, 254 umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, 91 Immune escape, 139 Impacted teeth, 298 Implant, 91, 241 retained complete overdentures, 259 In silico, 110 Incisor display, 9 In-office bleaching, 45 Intraoral scanners, 241 Intraosseous injection, 228 Investing method, 208 Jatropha multifida linn., 110 Jaw curve, 241 Knowledge, 280 Long COVID, 50 standing, 305 Magnetic attachment, 259 Malocclusion, 317 Malondialdehyde, 74 Mauli banana stem gel, 33 Maxillary first molar, 1 obturator, 215 Medicine, 22, 38, 91, 131, 178, 208, 254 Methylation, 184 MI varnish, 248 Minor salivary gland, 305 Mouthwash, 110 MTHFR, 184 Multiple caries, 152 Neglected diseases, 221 Negotiation, 145 Nitinol intrusion arch, 9 Non-carious lesions, 248 Occlusal disharmony, 22 Octenidine dihydrochloride, 201 Odontogenic keratocyst, 298 Oral cancer, 234 health, 286 health literacy, 280 rehabilitation, 215 Orthodontics, 292 bracket, 45 tooth movement, 118 Osteoblasts, 102 Osteocalcin, 28 Osteocytes, 102 Osteoporosis, 91 Overdenture attachments, 215 Oxidative stress, 74 Pain control, 228 Painless pediatric endodontic, 228 Parents, 15, 164 Paresthesia, 221 Periodontal disease, 50 Periodontitis, 50, 195 Peripheral-bone-removal protocol, 158 Persuasive communication training, 164 Pleomorphic adenoma, 305 PMMA, 273 Positioner attachment, 259 Posterior bite collapse, 292 Posture, 317 Povidone-iodine, 110 Precision, 241 Pressure sensors, 259 side, 118 Propolis, 172 Prostaglandin E2, 195 Purple leaves extract, 56 Pyrosequencing, 184 Quality of life, 152, 286 Questionnaire development, 267 Radiography, 97 Reactive oxygen species, 74 Root canal curvature, 145 treatment, 201 Saliva, 74 Satisfaction, 15 Sealer, 178 SEM-EDX, 33 Sequential drilling protocol, 158 Shear bond strength, 45 Silver citrate, 178 Skull base, 97 SNP, 234 Soft tissue, 310 Streptococcus gordonii, 254 mutans, 189 Stress generation, 80 Students, 280 Surface roughness, 172 Surveys and questionnaires, 286 Tegillarca granosa shell, 131 Teledentistry, 15, 62, 68 Telemedicine, 68 Temporomandibular disorders, 22, 68 TGF-β1, 118 Toddler, 310 Tooth extraction, 38, 56, 124 movement, 208 Transverse strength, 273 Trauma, 310 Treatment needs, 62 Trueness, 241 Tumor necrosis factor alpha, 195 Two palatal roots, 1 Utility arch, 9 Vitis vinifera, 131 Warthin’s tumor, 139 Water absorption, 172 Wound healing, 38, 102, 124 Zinc oxide eugenol, 201 Zirconia, 80 Zirconium oxide nanoparticle, 273 Ziziphus mauritiana lam, 189 Zygomatic fractures, 221 Authors Index Volume 57 Al-Ali, Ahmed Asim, 208 Al-Bdrany, Ahmed A., 259 Abdat, Munifah, 62 Alghamdi, Nuha, 1 Alhamdani, Faaiz, 158 Alhasyimi, Ananto Ali, 292 AlTarawneh, Hazem Mofreh Dakhilallah, 215 Ananda, Nissia, 221 Andini, Restian Febi, 195 Anggayanti, Nyoman Ayu, 124 Arifin, Grandissyaikhu Kamila, 139 Bhat, Pallavi, 248 Brown, Michelle Antonette, 286 Carabelly, Amy Nindia, 33 Chairunnisa, Ricca, 68 Deolikar, Sayali, 80 Effendi, Muhammad Chair, 110 Fikri, Annisa Nurul, 118 Hanafiah, Olivia Avriyanti, 102, 305 Hendrijantini, Nike, 91 Irmawati, Anis, 38 Kılınç, Delal Dara, 9 Kurmaena, Iceu Estu, 178 Kurniawati, Atik, 56 Louisa, Marie, 50 Maskoen, Ani Melani, 184 Mohialdeen, Hasan Khiraldeen, 241 Nelson, Ashlianne, 74 Nelwan, Sindy Cornelia, 28 Octavia, Alfini, 267 Oktadewi, Fitri Diah, 280 Olivia Avriyanti Hanafiah, 305 Orhan, Ayşegül, 201 Padmanabhan, Vivek, 4 Pamungkas, Gufa Bagus, 45 Pratiwi, Deviyanti, 172 Purnamasari, Shinta, 298 Putra, Anak Agung Istri Devi Wulandari, 152 Putri, Tansza Setiana, 87 Ramadhani, Nabila Almira, 97 Rarasati, Swarantika Aulia, 310 Rosselle, Veronica Regina, 145 Setiawan, Arlette Suzy, 164 Setiawan, Grace Caroline, 131 Shehab, Marwah M., 273 Sofyanti, Ervina, 317 Suciati, Khomsah, 228 Suhartini, 22 Sujatmoko, Prisninda Prilyan Geraldine, 15 Syafriza, Dharli, 189 Ummer, Hiba, 234 Wicaksono, Dimas Prasetianto, 254 Guide for authors The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) publishes original articles on all aspects of dentistry and dental-related disciplines. Articles are considered for publication on condition that they have not been previously published or submitted for publication by other academic journals. Articles can be classified as original articles, case reports or review articles that inform readers about current issues, innovative cases and reviews in the field of dentistry. They should also promote scientific advancement, education and dental practice development. All manuscripts submitted to the journal must be written in English. Since manuscripts will be published in English, it is the author’s responsibility to ensure that the language of submitted material is of appropriate clarity and quality. Manuscripts must not exceed the maximum number of words, must not contain numbers in the form of figures and must be free of typing errors. Articles must be between ten and twelve pages in length. Manuscripts must be typed on a word processer and submitted in the form of a soft copy file. The obligatory Times New Roman font should be size 14 pt for the title and 12 pt for all other sections of text. Headlines should be written in bold type with any Latin names presented in italics. Manuscripts must be of A4 format typed with one and a half space between lines and a 2.5 cm (1 inch)-wide margin. Authors are strongly advised to follow the manuscript preparation guidelines provided below. All Original articles, Case reports, and Review articles must contain:  Title: brief, specific, informative and written in English. It must contain a maximum of ten words (not exceeding a total of 40 letters and spaces) with the first word starting with a capital letter.  Name(s) of Author(s): should include author(s)’ full name(s), mailing address(es) for proofs, name(s) and address(es) of the department(s) to which the work should be attributed listed sequentially using a number (1) symbol. Example: Jamal Bin Razak1, Matsuo Hamada2, Ninuk Hartati3 and Harold Whitfield4 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan 3 Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 4 Department of Endodontics, School of Dental and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia  Abstract: a concise (maximum 250 words), one-paragraph description in English with single space formatting. Footnotes, references, and abbreviations are not to be included in the abstract.  The Abstract in Original articles should consist of a single paragraph containing Background:, Purpose:, Methods:, Results: and Conclusion: written in bold type.  The Abstracts in Case reports should consist of Background:, Purpose:, Case(s):, Case Management: and Conclusion: typed in bold within one paragraph.  The Abstracts in Review articles should be divided into Background:, Purpose:, Review:, and Conclusion: typed in bold within one paragraph.  Keywords: 3-5 words and/or a phrase must be provided below the abstract. Key standard scientific phrases or words must be provided in English. Each word/phrase in the keywords section should be separated by a semicolon (;).  Correspondence: details of the lead author with complete mailing and e-mail addresses (consisting of full name, name of institution, mailing address, telephone number, fax number and email address). Correspondence is followed by the following sections according to type of article (Original articles, Case reports, or Review articles) as follows: I. Contents in Original articles: The original articles should contain the following sections: introduction, materials and methods, and results.  Introduction: background to the problem, formulation and purpose of the work, case or review and prospects for future research. The rationale of the study is stated together with the main problem under investigation, any resulting findings and, finally, the references consulted.  Materials and Methods: clear description of materials consulted, experiments conducted and methods applied. These are deemed necessary to facilitate duplication of the research and re-assessment of its validity. Reference should be made to any novel methods employed. Research ethics relating to the use of animal and/or human subjects must also be outlined in accordance with academic convention.  Results: presented accurately and concisely in a logical sequence with the minimum number of tables and illustrations necessary to summarize the most important observations. Undue repetition of text and tables should be avoided. Tables must be presented horizontally (without vertical line separation) to facilitate understanding of their content. Calculation results should be reported in SI units. Mathematical Equations should be clearly expressed. Mathematical symbols unavailable on computer keyboards may be hand-written using a soft lead pencil. Decimal numbers should be identifiable by the appropriate location of a decimal point (.). Tables, illustrations, and photographs should be cited consecutively within, but presented separately to, the manuscript text. Titles and detailed explanations of figures should appear in the legends corresponding to illustrations (figures, graphs) rather than within the illustrations themselves. All non-standard abbreviations used must be explained in the footnotes. II. Contents in Case Reports: The case reports should contain the following sections: introduction, case(s), and case management.  Introduction: outlines the background and formulation of the problem, the purpose of the work, case or review and prospects for the future. The rationale for the study is stated, a number of references identified and the main problem and unusual clinical cases highlighted or the use of cutting-edge technology in a clinical case.  Case(s): contains a clear and detailed description of the case(s) presented, including: anamnesis and clinical examinations. The specific system of tooth nomenclature: Zygmondy, World Health Organization or Universal must be clearly stated.  Case management: presented accurately and concisely in chronological order supported with figures and a detailed description of the research methodology employed. III. Contents in Review articles Literature reviews are reviews provided by expert in its field with verified supporting credentials. The literature reviews should contain the following sections: introduction, and overviews.  Introduction comprises the problem's background, its formulation and purpose of the work or case or review and prospect for the future. Introduction in review articles are followed by headline topics and overviews to be discussed. All Original articles, Case reports, and Review articles must be followed by:  Discussion explains the meaning of the examination's results, not repeating the result, in what way the reported result can solve the problems, differences and equalities with previous study and development possibilities. This section should include the conclusion of the reported work or case and suggestion for further studies if necessary.  Acknowledgements to all research contributors, if any, should be stated in brief at the manuscript, prior to references.  References should be arranged according to the Vancouver superscript no et al. style. References must be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text, and listed at the end of the text in numeric, not alphabetical order. Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in superscript. References must be valid and taken within the last 10 years of publication, containing at least 70% of primary references (from journals, books, thesis, dissertations, and patent documents). Unpublished sources, such as manuscripts in preparation and personal communication, are not acceptable as references. Only those sources cited in the text should appear in the reference list. The names of authors must be written in a consistent manner throughout the text. The numbers and volumes of journals must be cited, with edition, publisher, city and page numbers of textbooks also included. References to downloaded internet sources must include the time of access and web address. Any abbreviations of journal titles must comply with dental and medical index conventions. Original articles and case report should include at least ten references. Review articles should include more than 30 references. Citation format for journal articles: 1. Tiisanoja A, Syrjälä AMH, Kullaa A, Ylöstalo P. Anticholinergic burden and dry mouth in middle-aged people. JDR Clin Transl Res. 2020; 5(1): 62–70. Citation format for textbooks: 1. Blom A, Warwick D, Whitehouse M. Apley & Solomon’s system of orthopaedics and trauma. 10th ed. Oxford: CRC Press; 2018. p. 455–89. Citation format for proceedings: 1. Virbanescu CA. Bone augumentations with autologous bone in oral implantology. In: 2nd International Conference on Dental Health and Oral Hygiene. London, UK: Allied Academies; 2019. p. 45. Citation format for thesis and dissertations: 1. Alharbi I. Study the effects of cigarette smoke on gingival epithelial cell growth and the expression of keratins. Thesis. Québec: Université Laval; 2015. p. 22–24, 42. Citation format for electronic publications (web page): 1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization Media Centre Fact Sheet. 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/ detail/obesity-and-overweight. Accessed 2020 Nov 10. Citation format for patents: 1. Zhang Z, Liu R, Zou S, Wu L, Zeng Y, Deng X. Digital integrated molding method for dental attachments. United States; US20210000575A1/2021. Figures or illustration All figures, illustrations and photos must be concise, relevant, informative, referenced and contained in a file (high resolution JPEG, PNG or TIFF format at least 300dpi). The maximum number of figures, illustrations, photos and tables contained in the original articles and review articles is 4 (four), while that for case reports is 8 (eight). All figures, illustrations and photos must be separated from the manuscript text. Images should be referred to in the text and figure legends should be listed at the end of the manuscript, citing illustrations in numerical order (figure 1, figure 2, etc.) as they appear in the text. Written permission must be obtained for the reproduction of content previously published in copyrighted material, including: tables, figures and quoted text exceeding 150 words in length. Signed patient release forms are required in cases of photographs featuring identifiable persons. A copy of all written permission and patient release forms must accompany the manuscript. The editor reserves the right to edit the manuscript, tailor articles to the available space in order to ensure conciseness, clarity and stylistic consistency. All manuscripts accepted, together with their accompanying illustrations, become the permanent property of the publisher. As such, they may not be published elsewhere in full or in part, in print form or electronically, without the written permission of the publisher. All data presented and all opinions or statements expressed in the manuscript remain the sole responsibility of the author(s). Accordingly, the publisher, the editorial board, and their respective employees of the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinions, or statements. Tables Tables should be submitted in the same format as the article and embedded in the document where the table should be cited. If table(s) are presented in excel format, they must be copied and pasted into the manuscript file. In extreme circumstances, excel files can be uploaded as supplementary files. However, this is not advised as they will not be accepted should the article subsequently be approved for publication. Tables should be self- explanatory, containing data that is not duplicated within the text and figures. Online submission  The author should first register as author and/or offer to be a reviewer via the following address: https://e-journal.unair. ac.id/MKG/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions  The author can also submit the manuscript by sending email via the following account: dental_journal@fkg.unair.ac.id