Subjects Index Volume 58 3D acrylic resin, 107 Acceptance, 14 Acid etching, 157 Acrylic resins, 1 Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, 95 Adipic acid, 107 Aesthetic, 81 Age estimation, 295 Ameloblastoma, 144 Anatomic variation, 231 ANB angle, 262 Angiogenesis, 388 Animal model, 207 Anterior crossbite, 415 Antibacterial, 171, 256 Antibiotics, 45, 128 Anti-inflammatory agent, 367, 395 Anxiety, 267 Apoptosis, 355 Artificial teeth, 74 Attitude, 52 Bacteria, 128 Bacterial adherence, 256 Biomarkers, 314 Biomaterial, 23 Biscuits, 280 Black seed, 7 Body mass index, 30 remains, 409 Bombyx mori, 395 Bone defect, 7, 388 graft, 100 healing, 7 morphogenetic protein 2, 395 Burn victim, 295 CAD/CAM, 402 Calcification of mandibular second molars, 60 Calcium level, 157 Candida albicans, 66 Caspases, 355 CBCT, 88 Cell cycle, 273 Cement factory, 382 Characteristics, 135 Children, 30, 280 with eB, 249 Chitosan, 107 gelatin suspension, 135 Chronic inflammation, 367 Cigarette, 289 Class III malocclusion, 415 Cleft lip and palate, 342 Cluster of difference 34, 144 Cocoa pod husk, 37 Comminuted, 81 Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture, 163 Concentration, 242 Cone-beam computed tomography, 113, 231, 325 Corncob powder, 242 Corrosion rate, 376 Curcumin, 367 CVMS, 60 Cyclooxygenase, 367 DBBM, 23 Dc-FDBB, 23 Decayed, 289 Defensins, 314 Dental air abrasions, 1 Dental anxiety, 14, 237, 267, 301 Dental care, 237 caries, 30, 280 education, 45 fear, 301 identification, 409 materials, 120, 219 maturation, 60 phobia, 301 professionals, 52 Dentistry, 171 Denture base, 74, 163 repairing, 1 teeth, 74 Deoxyribonucleic acid damage, 273 Depression, 267 Deutro Malay, 262 Diabetes mellitus, 198, 361 Dicarboxylic acid, 107 Diclofenac sodium, 367 e-cigarette, 289 enamel surface, 157 endemic, 52 endodontics, 45 er,Cr:YSGG, 163 erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers, 1 ethanol extracts of Rhynchosia nulubilis, 273 ethanolic extract of African leaves, 376 Factory workers, 382 FDBB, 23 FGF-2, 361 Fibroblast, 37 Filled teeth index, 289 Flexural strength, 107 Fluoride, 180 Follicular type, 144 Food intake, 336 Forensic odontology, 409 Fractal analysis, 347 dimension, 347 Gag reflex, 14 Gelatin, 171 Generalized chronic periodontitis, 198 Genetic engineering, 219 Glass ionomer restoration, 180 Glycated hemoglobin, 198 Gracilaria verrucosa, 66 Growth, 60 Hardness, 107 Head posture, 262 Health promotion, 224 Hemisection, 100 Hemostatic effect, 171 Herbal products, 7 Hookah, 289 Human and health, 100 Hydrophobicity, 66 Ibuprofen, 355 Immunohistochemistry, 144 Implant stability, 330 Implant, 187 supported overdenture, 330 Injection molding, 187 Inlay wax, 242 Interceptive treatment, 415 Interleukins, 314 Intraoral approach, 81 Invasion, 355 Knowledge and perception, 249 Laportea interupta extract, 256 Learning exposure, 342 Level of knowledge, 342 Linear dimension, 325 Locator, 330 Low-level laser therapy, 95 Mandibular Kennedy Class I, 402 trabecular bone, 347 Mann method, 295 Maxillary sinus, 325 septa, 231 Maxillofacial defect, 23 Mechanical properties, 242 Medicine, 14, 45, 60, 107, 113, 120, 135, 144, 157, 171, 180, 207, 219, 224, 256, 325, 388, 395 Mental health, 267 Mesiobuccal canal, 113 Metalloproteinase, 367 Microporosity, 151 Microstructural changes, 376 Missing, 289 Musical app, 14 Musical intervention, 14 Myofunctional appliance, 415 Nanohybrid composite, 151 Nigella sativa, 7 Nigeria, 301 Non-surgical treatment, 194 Novaloc, 330 Novamin, 157 Obesity, 30 Odontectomy, 128 Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, 194 myxoma, 88 Odontophobia, 301 Onlays, 187 Oral health, 249, 382 Oroantral communication, 194 Orthodontic tooth movement, 207 Orthodontic wire, 376 Osteoblast, 37 Osteoclast, 37 Overweight, 30 Palatine suture obliteration, 295 Pandemic, 52 Panoramic, 88 radiograph, 347 Parent, 249 Particle size, 388 Pediatric dentistry, 45 drugs, 120 mandibular fracture, 81 PeeK, 402 Penaeus monodon shell, 135 Perception, 52 Periodontitis, 314 Phospholipase enzyme, 66 Phosphorus level, 157 Physical properties, 242 Platelet rich plasma, 361 fibrin, 100 Polymethyl methacrylate, 1 Post tooth extraction, 37 Profilometer, 120 Prosthetic dentistry, 330 Protein aggregation, 219 Proteomics, 314 Pulp canal anatomy, 113 Qualitative, 224 Radiation-induced oral mucositis, 95 Recharge, 180 Recombinant protein, 219 Release, 180 Retention, 402 Root canal treatment, 113 RPD, 402 Saliva, 314 Salivary glucose levels, 336 Scaffold, 23 Sensitivity, 128 Shear bond strength, 74 Shift schedule, 382 Silicon-based soft liner, 163 Silk, 128 Sinus lift surgery, 231 Skeletal maturation, 60 Skeletonized, 409 Smoking, 289 Social determinant, 382 media, 224 Stainless steel, 376 Streptococcus mutans, 256 Stress, 267 Students, 342 Supplement, 207 Surface gloss, 151 roughness, 120, 151 treatment, 74 Thymoquinone, 7 Tissue engineering, 23, 219 Tongue cancer cell, 355 posture; 415 Tooth brushing, 120, 280 graft, 388 wear, 187 Transforming growth factor beta 1, 395 Traumatic ulcer, 361 Tumor benign, 88 Type 2 diabetes mellitus, 336 I collagen, 361 Vascular endothelial growth factor, 144 Vegetarian, 347 Vital signs, 237 Vitamin, 207 Volumetric analysis, 325 Wistar rats, 37 Young adults, 224 Authors Index Volume 57 Alfahdawi, Ibrahim H., 1 Abdelaziz, Amr Magdy Ibrahim, 402 AL-Dabbagh, Aya Thanoon, 180 Al-Niaimi, Ali Idrees, 7 Al-Takai, Ihssan F., 107 Ariawan, Dwi, 342 Asturini, Putri Ganesha, 415 Azzahra, R.e. Haura, 382 Azzahra, Rissa Shabira, 249 Bahirrah, Siti, 376 Baskara, Bima, 81 Belal, Ammar Omar, 330 Bin Fadly Loo, Muhamad Faizran Loo Szen, 187 Dipankara, Jackson, 194 Dogan, Gizem Karagoz, 45 endriani, Rita, 128 eseadi, Chiedu, 301 Farahanny, Wandania, 151 Fauzia, Malianawati, 388 Gani, Basri A., 66 Ghadge, Komal K., 198 Ghanim, Layth M., 289 Guler, Ridvan, 231 Hutomo, Suryani, 256 Hwang, Young Sun, 273 Irnawati, Dyah, 242 Ismiyatin, Kun, 100 Kartika, Dewi, 347 Lubis, Hilda Fitria, 207 Mahmood, Israa Ali, 163 Mohd, Farah Natashah, 267 Othman, Noor Ilyani, 113 Pilco-Chicaiza, Joselyn G., 237 Pradana, Septian, 144 Pradopo, Seno, 60 Prananingrum, Widyasri, 135 Prastyo, eko, 295 Puspita, Sartika, 395 Putri, Annisa Galuh Rahmawati Hendra, 262 Rahayu, Yani Corvianindya, 37 Rahman, Fazliny Abd., 52 Ramya V., 314 Riskayanti, Ni Putu, 361 Robin, Dwi Merry Christmarini, 367 Rozykulyyeva, Lale, 171 Saleh, Hajar M., 74 Singhai, Anuroop, 325 Sugianto, Gabriel Maria Ferdilia, 88 Supriatno, 355 Theresia, Tiarma Talenta, 280 Tjahajawati, Sri, 336 Utari, Tita Ratya, 157 Vidarta, Ramadhan Pramudya, 23 Wicaksono, Imme Kris, 95 Widyantoro, Indira, 219 Yaseen, Hadeel Abdullah, 30 Yatma, Debby, 409 Yildiz, Şemsettin, 120 Zaberi, Zarikh Hafizah Saqina, 224 Zarudin, Nur Irdina Nasmi, 14 Guide for authors The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) publishes original articles on all aspects of dentistry and dental-related disciplines. Articles are considered for publication on condition that they have not been previously published or submitted for publication by other academic journals. Articles can be classified as original articles, case reports or review articles that inform readers about current issues, innovative cases and reviews in the field of dentistry. They should also promote scientific advancement, education and dental practice development. All manuscripts submitted to the journal must be written in English. Since manuscripts will be published in english, it is the author’s responsibility to ensure that the language of submitted material is of appropriate clarity and quality. Manuscripts must not exceed the maximum number of words, must not contain numbers in the form of figures and must be free of typing errors. Articles must be between ten and twelve pages in length. Manuscripts must be typed on a word processer and submitted in the form of a soft copy file. The obligatory Times New Roman font should be size 14 pt for the title and 12 pt for all other sections of text. Headlines should be written in bold type with any Latin names presented in italics. Manuscripts must be of A4 format typed with one and a half space between lines and a 2.5 cm (1 inch)-wide margin. Authors are strongly advised to follow the manuscript preparation guidelines provided below. All Original articles, Case reports, and Review articles must contain:  Title: brief, specific, informative and written in english. It must contain a maximum of ten words (not exceeding a total of 40 letters and spaces) with the first word starting with a capital letter.  Name(s) of Author(s): should include author(s)’ full name(s), mailing address(es) for proofs, name(s) and address(es) of the department(s) to which the work should be attributed listed sequentially using a number (1) symbol. Example: Jamal Bin Razak1, Matsuo Hamada2, Ninuk Hartati3 and Harold Whitfield4 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan 3 Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 4 Department of endodontics, School of Dental and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia  Abstract: a concise (maximum 250 words), one-paragraph description in english with single space formatting. Footnotes, references, and abbreviations are not to be included in the abstract.  The Abstract in Original articles should consist of a single paragraph containing Background:, Purpose:, Methods:, Results: and Conclusion: written in bold type.  The Abstracts in Case reports should consist of Background:, Purpose:, Case(s):, Case Management: and Conclusion: typed in bold within one paragraph.  The Abstracts in Review articles should be divided into Background:, Purpose:, Review:, and Conclusion: typed in bold within one paragraph.  Keywords: 3-5 words and/or a phrase must be provided below the abstract. Key standard scientific phrases or words must be provided in english. each word/phrase in the keywords section should be separated by a semicolon (;).  Correspondence: details of the lead author with complete mailing and e-mail addresses (consisting of full name, name of institution, mailing address, telephone number, fax number and email address). Correspondence is followed by the following sections according to type of article (Original articles, Case reports, or Review articles) as follows: I. Contents in Original articles: The original articles should contain the following sections: introduction, materials and methods, and results.  Introduction: background to the problem, formulation and purpose of the work, case or review and prospects for future research. The rationale of the study is stated together with the main problem under investigation, any resulting findings and, finally, the references consulted.  Materials and Methods: clear description of materials consulted, experiments conducted and methods applied. These are deemed necessary to facilitate duplication of the research and re-assessment of its validity. Reference should be made to any novel methods employed. Research ethics relating to the use of animal and/or human subjects must also be outlined in accordance with academic convention.  Results: presented accurately and concisely in a logical sequence with the minimum number of tables and illustrations necessary to summarize the most important observations. Undue repetition of text and tables should be avoided. Tables must be presented horizontally (without vertical line separation) to facilitate understanding of their content. Calculation results should be reported in SI units. Mathematical Equations should be clearly expressed. Mathematical symbols unavailable on computer keyboards may be hand-written using a soft lead pencil. Decimal numbers should be identifiable by the appropriate location of a decimal point (.). Tables, illustrations, and photographs should be cited consecutively within, but presented separately to, the manuscript text. Titles and detailed explanations of figures should appear in the legends corresponding to illustrations (figures, graphs) rather than within the illustrations themselves. All non-standard abbreviations used must be explained in the footnotes. II. Contents in Case Reports: The case reports should contain the following sections: introduction, case(s), and case management.  Introduction: outlines the background and formulation of the problem, the purpose of the work, case or review and prospects for the future. The rationale for the study is stated, a number of references identified and the main problem and unusual clinical cases highlighted or the use of cutting-edge technology in a clinical case.  Case(s): contains a clear and detailed description of the case(s) presented, including: anamnesis and clinical examinations. The specific system of tooth nomenclature: Zygmondy, World Health Organization or Universal must be clearly stated.  Case management: presented accurately and concisely in chronological order supported with figures and a detailed description of the research methodology employed. III. Contents in Review articles Literature reviews are reviews provided by expert in its field with verified supporting credentials. The literature reviews should contain the following sections: introduction, and overviews.  Introduction comprises the problem's background, its formulation and purpose of the work or case or review and prospect for the future. Introduction in review articles are followed by headline topics and overviews to be discussed. All Original articles, Case reports, and Review articles must be followed by:  Discussion explains the meaning of the examination's results, not repeating the result, in what way the reported result can solve the problems, differences and equalities with previous study and development possibilities. This section should include the conclusion of the reported work or case and suggestion for further studies if necessary.  Acknowledgements to all research contributors, if any, should be stated in brief at the manuscript, prior to references.  References should be arranged according to the Vancouver superscript no et al. style. References must be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text, and listed at the end of the text in numeric, not alphabetical order. Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in superscript. References must be valid and taken within the last 10 years of publication, containing at least 70% of primary references (from journals, books, thesis, dissertations, and patent documents). Unpublished sources, such as manuscripts in preparation and personal communication, are not acceptable as references. Only those sources cited in the text should appear in the reference list. The names of authors must be written in a consistent manner throughout the text. The numbers and volumes of journals must be cited, with edition, publisher, city and page numbers of textbooks also included. References to downloaded internet sources must include the time of access and web address. Any abbreviations of journal titles must comply with dental and medical index conventions. Original articles and case report should include at least ten references. Review articles should include more than 30 references. Citation format for journal articles: 1. Tiisanoja A, Syrjälä AMH, Kullaa A, Ylöstalo P. Anticholinergic burden and dry mouth in middle-aged people. JDR Clin Transl Res. 2020; 5(1): 62–70. Citation format for textbooks: 1. Blom A, Warwick D, Whitehouse M. Apley & Solomon’s system of orthopaedics and trauma. 10th ed. Oxford: CRC Press; 2018. p. 455–89. Citation format for proceedings: 1. Virbanescu CA. Bone augumentations with autologous bone in oral implantology. In: 2nd International Conference on Dental Health and Oral Hygiene. London, UK: Allied Academies; 2019. p. 45. Citation format for thesis and dissertations: 1. Alharbi I. Study the effects of cigarette smoke on gingival epithelial cell growth and the expression of keratins. Thesis. Québec: Université Laval; 2015. p. 22–24, 42. Citation format for electronic publications (web page): 1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization Media Centre Fact Sheet. 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/ detail/obesity-and-overweight. Accessed 2020 Nov 10. Citation format for patents: 1. Zhang Z, Liu R, Zou S, Wu L, Zeng Y, Deng X. Digital integrated molding method for dental attachments. United States; US20210000575A1/2021. Figures or illustration All figures, illustrations and photos must be concise, relevant, informative, referenced and contained in a file (high resolution JPEG, PNG or TIFF format at least 300dpi). The maximum number of figures, illustrations, photos and tables contained in the original articles and review articles is 4 (four), while that for case reports is 8 (eight). All figures, illustrations and photos must be separated from the manuscript text. Images should be referred to in the text and figure legends should be listed at the end of the manuscript, citing illustrations in numerical order (figure 1, figure 2, etc.) as they appear in the text. Written permission must be obtained for the reproduction of content previously published in copyrighted material, including: tables, figures and quoted text exceeding 150 words in length. Signed patient release forms are required in cases of photographs featuring identifiable persons. A copy of all written permission and patient release forms must accompany the manuscript. The editor reserves the right to edit the manuscript, tailor articles to the available space in order to ensure conciseness, clarity and stylistic consistency. All manuscripts accepted, together with their accompanying illustrations, become the permanent property of the publisher. As such, they may not be published elsewhere in full or in part, in print form or electronically, without the written permission of the publisher. All data presented and all opinions or statements expressed in the manuscript remain the sole responsibility of the author(s). Accordingly, the publisher, the editorial board, and their respective employees of the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinions, or statements. Tables Tables should be submitted in the same format as the article and embedded in the document where the table should be cited. If table(s) are presented in excel format, they must be copied and pasted into the manuscript file. In extreme circumstances, excel files can be uploaded as supplementary files. However, this is not advised as they will not be accepted should the article subsequently be approved for publication. Tables should be self- explanatory, containing data that is not duplicated within the text and figures. Online submission  The author should first register as author and/or offer to be a reviewer via the following address: https://e-journal.unair. ac.id/MKG/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions  The author can also submit the manuscript by sending email via the following account: dental_journal@fkg.unair.ac.id