1071 D3000 new imprint Word template Vol 13, No 1 (2025) ISSN 2167-8677 (online) DOI 10.5195/d3000.2025.1071 http://dentistry3000.pitt.edu Connection of Some Growth Parameters and Teething in Infants Sulafa Khair Al-Deen Banoosh College of Den*stry, University of Tikrit, Iraq Abstract Objec7ve: Eruption of teeth can be de1ined as a normal physiological process of move- ment of the teeth through the alveolar bone and it takes its place in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to 1ind if there was any relation between growth parameters and eruption of teeth in infants. Materials and Methods: 77 infants and their families ac- cepted to be in this study. 11 questions were asked to their parents related to the normal growth of the children. Oral examination was done by using dental probe and mirror. Results: In this study, there was a signi1icant delay of teething in children that had a ce- sarean delivery in comparison to normal delivery (P< 0.001), and a signi1icant delay in males compared to females (P< 0.001). Conclusions: The type of delivery is associated with differences in the eruption of teeth. Open Access Cita%on: Banoosh SKA. (2025) Connec%on of Some Growth Parametrs and Teething in Infants. Den%stry 3000. 1:a001 doi:10.5195/d3000.2025.1071 Received: October 11, 2025 Accepted: October 15, 2025 Published: November 10, 2025 Copyright: ©2025 Banoosh SKA. This is an open access ar%cle licensed under a Crea%ve Commons ASribu%on Work 4.0 United States License. Email: sulafa.khairy@yahoo.com Introduc)on Most parents view an infant's first tooth as one of several major developmental milestones, and an "old wives' tale" claims that its early erupPon indicates high intelligence [1]. During the development of deciduous teeth- ing, a variety of genePc and environmental fac- tors, including race, gender, systemic condi- Pons, environmental condiPons, socioeco- nomic level, maternal breasUeeding, infant nu- triPonal status, and physical development, in- teract to affect the Pming of dental erupPon. None of these factors act independently [2,3]. The Pme of teeth erupPon in a healthy infant may depend on growth factors and feeding habits [4]. According to certain research, the develop- ment of the primary teeth is predominantly in- fluenced by the gestaPonal age, the severity of the neonatal sickness, postnatal nutriPon, and the degree of prematurity. According to other studies, low and normal birth weight are associated to the primary denPPon's erupPon pa\ern [5]. NutriPonal aspects have an impact on tooth emergence and odontogenesis [6]. Lack of nutrients, such as a calcium deficit, can impact the cellular architecture of the organic matrix, including the maturaPon process of amelogenesis and calcificaPon, as well as the morphology and pa\ern of teeth erupPon [7], during the development of teeth. The erupPon of deciduous teeth can also be delayed by other disorders like intrauterine growth restricPon, inadequate size for gesta- Ponal age, and long-term parenteral feeding [9]. When preterm and low birth weight (LBW) combine, the delay makes the condiPon worse, especially in those who are in a key develop- mental stage when they are diagnosed with a systemic disease at birth [10,11]. The aim of this study was to assess the relaPon- ship between gestaPonal age, birth weight, neonatal sickness, and the first deciduous tooth's erupPon Pming. Materials and Methods This was a cross-secPonal study that focused on children aged between one and two years who were carefully selected by methodical ar- bitrary specimen from the children a\ending Ibn Rushd, Ibn Sina, and Al-Razy primary health care centers in Tikrit city. Any child with a seri- ous illness that could affect the scoring presen- taPon of children, or the erupPon of the teeth was excluded from the study. The period of employment included March 2017 unPl the end of January 2018. The study's inclusion criteria were met by 77 youngsters. As a screening tool for develop- mental delays, the third ediPon of the Age and Stages QuesPonnaire was employed [12]. These invesPgaPons focused on 10 main is- sues. To ascertain the tooth erupPon, an oral examinaPon was conducted in a well-lit area ConnecPon of Some Growth Parameters and Teething in Infants Vol 13, No 1 (2025) DOI 10.5195/d3000.2025.1071 http://dentistry3000.pitt.edu 2 using a dental mirror and probe. The staPsPcal analysis was done using Microsoi excel 2013, with a p-value of 0.05 as showing significance. Results Table 1 shows summary staPsPcs of teething and some factors related to infant life. Delayed teething was seen more among those born by cesarean secPon than normal delivery, and among males more than females. Discussion Tooth erupPon is a series of metabolic events in alveolar bone defined by bone resorpPon and creaPon on opposite sides of the dental follicle. When it comes to the producPon of teeth, some vitamin and hormone deficits can have a negaPve impact on the formaPve cells and the matrix they create. ProducPon of hy- poplasPc Pssue could occur if the organic ma- trix content is reduced. The end consequence would be a hypoplasPc matrix that is also hy- pomineralized [13]. In this study, we discovered that newborns whose mothers deliver them via cesarean sec- Pon had significantly higher staPsPcal tooth erupPon delays than kids whose mothers’ birth normally. Finding the cause of these results is challenging because any changes during a cesarean secPon are only temporary (like general anesthesia and medicaPons), and teeth usually don't erupt unPl at least six months aier the baby is born. However, the authors believe that cal- cium or vitamin D deficiency may be one of the causes of cesarean delivery or lower their blood levels. Because vitamin D is essenPal for maintaining calcium homeostasis, the greater serum calcium level contributed to the mecha- nism of labor's onset [14]. The infant's development and the emergence of the baby's deciduous teeth may be impacted by this condiPon's potenPal to induce the same shortage in the body aier delivery [7,8]. This fact needs to be demonstrated by analyz- ing the serum calcium levels in both the mother and the newborn following the deliv- ery by marine infecPon. Another conclusion in this study is that boys ex- perience a staPsPcally significant teething de- lay compared to girls. This finding is consistent with research done in 2001 on Korean new- borns by Choi and Yang, who found that males experience tooth emergence earlier than fe- males [15]. This result can be explained by the fact that males have thicker mandibular alveo- lar bones than females do [16], Previous data report on the subject were not clear [16-20]. No one pa\ern can adequately define sex vari- aPons in the pa\ern and Pme of emerging globally, according to Tanguay et al.'s hypothesis that ethnic characterisPcs may un- derlie sex differences in tooth development [21]. In addiPon, Tanguay et al. noted that, except for the first deciduous molar, males' teeth typ- ically appeared one month earlier than girls' teeth. According to Holman and Jones, there is less support for the idea that sex differences in the erupPon of deciduous teeth are mediated by ethnicity. However, they agreed with Demi- rijian and Levesque's theory of a developmen- tal crossover in which females lead males for the posterior teeth and vice versa [22]. This trend starts in utero, when males acquire their teeth more quickly than females [23]. According to Holman et al., the pa\ern seems to correspond to a spaPal gradient in tooth po- siPon that emerges early in dental develop- ment and corresponds to sex differences [24]. Even in several trials where sex differences were not determined to be staPsPcally signifi- cant, this overall developmental crossover trend persisted [25]. Acknowledgments All praise and appreciaPon to the Community Medicine Department of Tikrit University Col- lege of Medicine. References 1. G. T. McIntyre1 and G. M. McIntyre, Teething trou- bles? Bri