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Cover Art  |  Dermatol Pract Concept 2011;1(1):1 1

Moulage: “Lupus erythematosus”
Beatrix Patzak, M.D. 1

1Director of the Federal Pathologic-Anatomical Museum, Vienna, Austria

Citation: Patzak B. Cover art: Lupus erythematosus. Dermatol Pract Concept 2011;1(1):1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5826/dpc.0101a01.

Copyright: ©2011 Patzak. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which 
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Corresponding author: Beatrix Patzak, M.D., Pathologic-Anatomical Museum, Uni Campus, Spitalgasse 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria. 
Email: pat@narrenturm.at.

Figure 1. Moulage. “Lupus erythematosus”. 
Federal Pathologic-Anatomical Museum. 
Vienna, Austria, 1894.

The first description of lupus erythematosus was given 

by Pierre Louis Alphée Cazenave, who was a coworker of 

Laurent-Théodore Biett, in 1851. He used the French term 

“lupus erythemateux.” In 1856 Ferdinand Hebra translated 

this work into German and coined the term lupus erythema-

tosus, which is the Latin translation, and in 1863 Isidor Neu-

mann propagated the Greek term “lupus erythematodes.” In 

1869 Moritz Kaposi published a comprehensive description 

of the cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus. [1]

The Federal Pathologic-Anatomical Museum in Vienna 

houses 36 moulages with the diagnosis of lupus erythemato-

sus, one of which is shown on the cover of the first issue of 

Dermatology: Practical and Conceptual (Figure 1). The old-

est one dates back to 1894. Most moulages originate from 

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patients of Moritz Kaposi and Gustav Riehl, who succeeded 

his teacher Kaposi as the professor of Dermatologie und 

Syphilis at the University of Vienna in 1902. 

Moulages are wax preparations (molds from real 

patients) made for teaching purposes.  All moulages at the 

Federal Pathologic-Anatomical Museum in Vienna were 

fabricated by the manufacturer Karl Henning and his son 

Theodor. 

Reference

1. Scholz A, Holubar K, Burg G. Geschichte der deutschsprachigen 
Dermatologie. Dresden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.