INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS EDUCATION: IS ENOUGH BEING DONE? Developments In Business Simulation & Experiential Exercises, Volume 20,1993 133 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS EDUCATION: IS ENOUGH BEING DONE? John D. Overby, The University of Tennessee at Martin B. Wayne Kemp, The University of Tennessee at Martin ABSTRACT World-wide business operations increasingly require personnel with cross-cultural skills and knowledge of the cultural norms of foreign countries. The extent and nature of baccalaureate business programs in American colleges are examined. The paper argues for the enhancement of cross- cultural business education by increasing the number of international business majors offered at doctorate granting universities. INTRODUCTION There is concern about the extent of “internationalization” of business curricula, and the depth of international programs. Among these are concerns that doctoral programs do not prepare graduates to teach international topics and uncertainty as to whether to offer a greater number of international courses or place more emphasis on international issues in all functional offerings. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND FINDINGS The research described here was to determine the extent to which international business majors are offered by four-year American colleges. From 556 deans or units heads surveyed, 127 responses (64 private, 63 public) were received. Crosstabulated data show twelve international majors offered; eleven were by AACSB-accredited or member schools. Six were at small, private schools with an enrollment of fewer than 5,000 students. ANOVA under the SAS General Linear Model procedure were used (six variables analyzed) to examine the general state of international business majors being offered. Next, bi-variable predictor models with respective interactions were analyzed to examine the complexities of offerings. Variables found to be statistically significant predictors of an international business major were: (1) Master’s Program, (2) AACSB accreditation, (3) AACSB membership, (4) Geographic location, (5) total Student enrollment and the (6) Number of Majors offered, with the latter having the highest significance (p=.0001). One pairwise combination model proved statistically insignificant, Geographic Area and Master’s Program. The presence of an international business major is related to a number of internal variables, but primarily a large number of curriculum majors must be offered before an international business major will be offered. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS A finding that only 9.45 percent of respondents offer programs in international business suggests an inadequate level of international business education exists. Second, institutional predictor variables statistically significant to the presence of international business major are: (1) Master’s Program, (2) Geographic Location, (3) Total student enrollment, (4) Number of Majors offered, and (5) AACSB Membership. Using these, a profile of institutions offering an International Business major is smaller schools; having a relatively larger number of majors (minimum = six; maximum = 11; modal = 5 schools with nine majors); are likely to be members of AACSB. Geographic Location is also a relevant factor, but requires additional analysis to determine the nature of the relationship. Third, predictor variables not statistically significant to an international major are whether the institution was Public or Private, and presence of a Doctoral Program. Absence of these variables seem significant in that leadership in the development of International Business education is not being provided by public institutions any more or less than private institutions. Most significantly, leadership is not being provided by doctoral granting institutions in that they are not offering BS-level international majors any more or less than are schools without a doctoral program. Given concerns about adequacy of doctoral-level preparation for cross-cultural instruction, one might argue that a BS-level international business program, in which doctoral candidates could be given instructional and/or research responsibilities, might provide an excellent vehicle for developing cross-cultural backgrounds of future educators. Not all doctoral candidates could be given such assignments, but simply interaction with and instruction by faculty having high quality international credentials, would enrich the educational experience, and enhance their own credentials. Synergistic benefits for a doctoral program would be derived from a resource base supporting the undergraduate program and a commitment to an “internationalization” throughout the university. If forecasts of greater needs for business graduates with cross-cultural skills and if concerns about the slow pace and limited extent of “internationalization” of American business education have merit, it may well be that the best avenue for allaying the concerns and meeting the needs will be the introduction of more baccalaureate level international business programs, particularly at doctorate granting institutions. Table of Contents Volume 20, 1993 Dominant Personality Types and Total Enterprise Simulation Performance Shelf Wars: A Grocery Channel Simulation Shared Cultural Perspectives: An Experiential Exercise Utilizing International Students to Globalize the Classroom An Instrument for Investigating the Effectiveness of Teaching Methods in the Business Policy and Strategy Formulation Course Providing Better Trained Graduates for Accounting Employers The Ambition Gradient Approach to Evaluation of Computer Simulation Game Team Performance Alphatec: A Negotiation Exercise with Logrolling and Bridging Potential Using the Ideafisher Idea Generation System as a Decision Support System in Marketing Strategy Courses A Dynamic Market Share Allocation Model For Computerized Business Simulations Multi-Cultural Adaptability Using Experiential Learning in a Graduate Course Development of Experiential Applications in HRM: Practicing What Preach and Preaching for Practice Linking Students and Business Leaders Through Portfolios Debriefing International Experiential Learning Exercises: Road Signs for Effectiveness Sales Manager: A Simulation Modeling Interactive Effects in Mathematical Functions for Business Simulations: A Critique of Goosen's Interpolation Reducing the Complexity of Interactive Variable Modeling in Business Simulations Through Interpolation Antecedent Biases of Experiential Learners: Trainee Occupation and Subgroup Diversity Pax in Terra Sancta: Simulating the Middle East Peace Negotiations A Multiple Regression Case In Experiential Learning Changes in Ethnocentric/Geocentric Orientation by Business Students after Exposure to a One Summer Course in International Marketing's A Systematic Approach to the Development and Evaluation of Experiential Exercises Entrepreneurs Evaluate Experiential Education A Linear Programming Approach to Open System Total Enterprise Simulations Reflecting Leader Behavior from the Looking Glass, Inc. Simulation Linking Cognitive Styles, Teaching Methods, Educational Objectives and Assessment: A Decision Tree Approach Restructuring Management Education in Post-Communist Countries: How Western Experts Can Help Managerial and Cultural Pre-Conditions for Superior Performance in a Global Setting: An Experimental Study with the Aid of Business Games Multiple Industries in Computerized Business Gaming Simulations Content or Process? - Content and Process! Some Observations and Reflections About Management Education in Central Europe Out-of-Class Experiences to Promote Volunteerism Enacting the Linguistic Consciousness of the Modern Managerial Mind: Post-Modernism and Experiential Learning Intergrating Experiential Exercises into the College Curriculum: The Case of Internationalizing the Business Curriculum Simulation Marketing Oversights Incorporating Advertising Creative Strategy into Computer-Based Business Simulations The Dynamics of a Partnership Between Business and Education Collaborative Education Done Globally Experiential Systems Analysis CADPLAN: A Simulation for Comparative Advertising A Doctoral Symposium: Preparing Students for Conference Behavior Comparing the Simulation with the Case Approach: Again! Total Quality Management: A Model for Continuous Quality Improvement The Quality Audit: An Experiential Exercise for Business Students Extending the Reach of Simulations: DECIDE Heads for the Inner City Lessons Learned from a Customized Management Development Simulation The Foreign Exchange Spot Trading Simulation Using Lotus 1-2-3 to complete a Triple Play in a Simulated Competition International Business Education: Is Enough Being Done? Matching of Student-Teacher Cognitive Style as a Factor in Student Success in an Introduction to Information Systems Course Breathing (More) Life into the Case Approach Lord of the Flies: A Live Case Approach to Leadership Cooperative Case Studies: Experiential Tools for Teaching Business Problem Solving Tools Strategy Simulations in Context: An Evaluation of Key Dimensions The Distribution Channel Game Evaluation of a Simulation Game as an Education Tool for Utility Professionals The Relationship Between Total Enterprise Simulation Performance and Learning Total Quality Management does not Happen by Magic, but it can be Taught Using a Pedagogical Methodology that Utilizes Magic Effectively Preparing Students for Careers in a Global Environment by Integrating Total Quality Management Thoughout the Business Curriculum An Empirical Investigation of Cognitive and Performance Consistency in a Marketing Simulation Game Environment Using MARSGAP with LAPTOP: (A Marketing Simulation Game Analysis Program) with LAPTOP: A Marketing Simulation Adapting TQM Implementation to Organizational Level An MBA Business Simulation: Executive Interaction Experiential Exercises and Pedagogy Track Workshop: Experiencing Cultural Diversity in the Classroom (and the Hotel Meeting Room) Closing the Gap between Corporate and National Culture The Dynamic Manufacturing Company The Use of Experiential Techniques in Corporate Training The State of Simulation Gaming in Easter European Countries- Principally Russia An Experiential Exercise in Cross-Cultural Training Valuing Differences: A Conceptual Framework Demonstration of an Experiential Exercise Effectively Using Experiential Learning to Impart TQM Concepts in a High Technology Environment The Older Worker Questionnaire: An Exercise Concerning Older Worker Stereotypes and Behaviors The Crime Fighting Task Force: An Exercise in Organizational Politics Welcome to the Party! An Expression of Vocational Preference Experiential Exercise for Imparting Cross-Cultural Appreciation Six Swift Simulations on Globalization Overview of BASF Delegate Program