THE JOHARI WINDOW AS A MEASURE OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Developments in Business Simulation & Experiential Exercises, Volume 9, 1982 146 THE JOHARI WINDOW AS A MEASURE OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Michael D. Crino, Louisiana State University Steven A. Rubenfeld, University of Minnesota-Duluth INTRODUCTION This paper represents an attempt to objectively measure the impact of a series of experiential exercises using the Johari Window [1] as a measure of change in individual se]f- perception. These exercises were designed to increase self- awareness, willingness to experiment with new behaviors, and to instill a willingness to be open in interpersonal relations. We began our series of exercises with an explanation of the Johari Window. We phrased our objectives in a manner consistent with the Johari Window. We then requested each individual to assess his or her own distribution across the blind, private, public, and unknown areas of the Johari Window and to develop individual’ goals articulated by a ‘desired distribution’ across these same areas. Our contribution was to provide opportunities for, and guidance in accomplishing this desired distribution through the exercises and activities scheduled. Given our dependence upon the Johari Window as a goal articulation device, it seemed reasonable that it might prove useful as a measure of goal accomplishment as well. PROCEDURE We asked a group of subjects (n50) to provide their goals for the session in terms of the Johari Window. This was accomplished by providing each participant with a square, and asking him/her to divide that square into the four areas in a fashion consistent with their current feelings about themselves (baseline data). A second square was then provided. The subjects were requested to divide that square in a fashion consistent with how they wanted themselves to be (goal articulation). We then compared these desired distributions to their initial distributions across areas. The differences were used as a measure of desired change. In addition, both distributions were compared with a third square partitioned at the end of the series of experiential exercises. This third square was to be divided in a manner consistent with how they felt about themselves at that point. RESULTS As Table 1 indicates, subjects did have very definite desires to increase that area which is public and to reduce that area of themselves that was unknown. Table 2 indicates that neither desire was satisfied for this group. In both instances the end of class “areas” were significantly short of the stated goals. In fact, Table 3 provides data demonstrating that no changes across these areas occurred. CONCLUSION Although it is disappointing that all that we had wished to accomplish was not accomplished, the Johari Window did seem to perform well as a goal articulation device, arid as a measure of change in individual self-perception. A great deal more must be done before real confidence can be placed in the use of the Johari Window for these purposes. However, the results of this preliminary study do provide encouragement in that regard. REFERENCES [l] Luft, Joseph and Ingham, Harry, “The Johari Window, A Graphic Model of Interpersonal Awareness” Proceedings of the Western Training Laboratory in Group Development (Los Angeles: UCLA, Extension Office, 1955). Table 1. Johari Window Estimates Percent Distribution Across Areas At Beginning Class Desired Future Distribution Significance of Difference Public 30.46 40.04 p.000 Private 31.58 30.04 p=.623 Blind 18.53 18.58 p.609 Unknown 19.81 12.53 p.000 Note: Percents computed by dividing area (e.g., blind, private) labeled by student (n=50) by total area: Totals may exceed 100% due to rounding. a The test statistic was the t test for paired samples. Table of Contents Volume 9, 1982 The Value of Conjoint Analysis in Enhancing Experiential Learning The Effect of Participation in a Collective Bargaining Simulation on the Expectations and Attitudes of Union and Management Representatives Conflict Resolution in Experiential Learning The Use of Simulation to Test Theories of Bargaining in a Business Context The Nominal Group Technique: A Vehicle for Improving Case Method Courses A Framework for Developing a Business Policy Case Produce Your Own Video Cases for Classroom Use: A Demonstration An Experiential Effect from Charismatic Encounters Nine Topic Oriented Mini Simulations: Descriptions, Purposes, and Observations A Hospital Simulator (HOSPSIM) A Report of the Model and Results Expected from Field Testing An Evaluation of SLIM (A System Laboratory for Information Management) An Experiential Exercise Introducing Students to the Role Ambiguity Faced by Salespersons The Advertising Research Project as an Innovative Experiential Learning Technique The Small Group Research Project: An Experiential Learning Approach for Undergraduate Marketing Research Students The Relationship of Cognitive Style Maps to the Preference for Experiential Learning of Undergraduate Students The Learning Style Inventory Debate Revisited: An Empirical Assessment fo the Construct Validity Issue Related to Experiential Learning Theory Conducting a Classroom to Facilitate Career Goal Attainment Corporation Executives' Ratings of Policy Learning Techniques The Generation and Application of Evaluation Criteria for Management Policy and Strategy Simulation Games Experiential Opportunities with Microcomputers Leading Students to Learning: The Teacher's Obligation An Experiment in Teaching Principles Courses: The Mini Debate Formula Developing Creative Thinking Through Experiential Learning Heuristic and Systematic Evaluation of Policy: Exercise in Decision Making A Case Study Approach for the Litigation Decision: Employing Decision Analysis to Determine When a Business Should Settle or Go to Court Learning Negotiation Skills Through Simulation Union vs. Management: A Simulation of Collective Bargaining in Action Inside the Black Box: An Analysis of Underlying Demand Functions in Contemporary Business Simulations A Review of Channel Exercises and the Description of a New Alternative SIMCON I: A computer Based Simulation Model for Evaluating Physical Distribution Strategies Involving Order Consolidation Toward Competency-Based Management Education: The Interpersonal/Communications cluster The Value of Pre-Teaching in Role Playing Some Effects of Positive Personal Reinforcement upon Socializing Students in an Experiential Learning Course Who Gains and Who Does Not from Experiential learning Toward the Ultimate Experiential Exercise, the Student View Simulating Professional Writing Experiences in the Classroom The Johari Window as a Measure of Personal Development Windows Into Management: A Participative Aid to Learning Get Your Faculty Involved A Pedagogical Approach to Business Gaming for the Commuter Student Super Service for Computer Game Administrators Expand the Role of Simulation with Creative Scenarios The Delivery, Administration, and Evaluation of an Executive Development Program Using a Total Enterprise Business Game An Application of Experiential Learning in International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment International Management: Building Bridges Analysis of a Business Simulation Exercise: Organizational Survival and Success The FALRIS Organizational Scavenger Hunt Trainee V. Trainee Subordinates' Evaluation of Experiential Learning Longitudinal Analysis of an Innovative Teaching Intervention Student Perceptions of Effective Teacher Behaviors Revisited Realism and Learning: The Evolution of a Management Game A Merger and Acquisition Simulation A Stock Market Investor Simulation Experiential Learning in Consumer Behavior: Perceptual and Attitude Change Exercises The Recycling Industry Problems of Women in Management: A Role Playing Exercise for a Course in Contemporary Organizational Problems Experimental Three Weekend Course: Empirical Results A Process for the Analysis and Development of Course Content and Instructional Methodology for Large Class Sections Problems Associated with the Assessment of Experiential learning Using the Multiple Choice Test Combining Lecture and Simulation Teaching Methodologies Qualitative Determinants of Team Performance in a Simulation Game The Effects of Different Team Sizes on Business Game Performance Comparison of Problem-Solving Technologies: A Free Simulation Approach Consistency in Business Games A computer Simulation of Personnel Selection Decisions Giving Praise Exercise Job Enrichment A Look at the Spoken and Written Word in Organizations A Pattern of Group Communication A New Generation in Business Simulation Adapting Mainframe Business Simulations to Min Computers File Access is the Essential Prerequisite to Time-Flexible and Interactive Computer Simulation A Microcomputer Simulation for Teaching Retail Location Strategy Blocks & Chips: A computer-Assisted, Geno-Typical Entrepreneurial Game Development of a Self-Paced Course in Business Statistics The Involvement of Student Bodies in the Teaching of Advanced Technical Concepts Systems Learning Sequence: An Experiential Course Module for Management Information Systems An Experiential Approach to Developing Managerial Competencies Communication Research, Inc. An Experiential Learning Activity Developed as a Practicum for a Course in Organizational Communication