dhrp: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called dhrp.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Covid-19; Risk; Patients; Dhr; Women; Treatment; Disease; Children; Factors; Use; Adolescents; Effects; Obesity; Healthcare; Hispanic; Sars; Border; Care; Trauma; Vaccine; Function; Cdc; Institute; Aedes

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Is the Public Outcry for Johnson & Johnson Jansen’s COVID-19 Vaccine Causing Blood Clots Justified? by Rao, sohail (2021) - Since its approval, it is estimated that over 6.8 million people in the United States have been vaccinated with J&J Jansen COVID-19 vaccine (4). Based on these early reports, on April 13, 2021, both FDA and the Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) recommended to pause the use of J&J Jansen COVID-19 vaccine pending further review and to convene a meeting of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) to review the available clinical data to make further determination (4). Keywords: covid-19; j&j; jansen; vaccine
• The Should Healthcare Facilities Mandate COVID-19 Vaccination of its Employees? by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish (2021) - Employers may provide employees and their family members with information to educate them about COVID-19 vaccines and raise awareness about the benefits of vaccination It is predictable that to ensure patient safety, conversations to mandate COVID-19 vaccinations for workers are ongoing in many healthcare facilities across the U.S. It is important to emphasize that the process to issue EUA for COVID-19 vaccines involved a very rigorous scientific review by a panel of independent experts both at the level of the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. Keywords: covid-19; employees; health; safety; u.s; vaccines
• COVID-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy and Breast Feeding is Safe and Effective : For the Mother, the Unborn Child and the Baby by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish; Vela, Efraim (2021) - Evidence concerning the safety and effectiveness of approved COVID-19 vaccines has been growing suggesting that the benefits far outweigh any known or potential risk in this population. Based on the available data that is supported by observations in our high-volume Women’s Hospital – a Level IV Maternal Facility, we conclude that pregnant women are more susceptible to SARS- CoV-2 infection and getting a COVID-19 vaccine can protect them from severe illness. Keywords: covid-19; dhr; women
• Natural vs. Vaccine Mediated COVID-19 Immunity: Scientific Justification to Mandate Vaccination of Recovered Healthcare Workers by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish (2021) - This policy has been widely debated and it has been suggested that healthcare facilities should adopt a different policy for workers who have recovered from natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and a waiver should be granted to them as far as COVID-19 vaccination mandates are concerned. Immunity Scientific Justification to Mandate Vaccination of Recovered Healthcare Workers To protect the vulnerable patients, many healthcare facilities (including DHR Health System) have mandated COVID-19 vaccination of its healthcare workers, vendors, contractors, students, residents, and fellows. Keywords: cov-2; covid-19; healthcare; sars
• Insufficient Scientific Evidence Supporting the Use of Ivermectin in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 by Rao, Sohail; Vasquez-Kanhere, Alec; Singh, Manish (2021) - 2021, Vol. 1 (S4) 17-19 https://doi.org/10.47488/dhrp.v1iS4.28 http://dhrproceedings.org 17 © DHR Health Institute for Research and Development EDITORIAL Insufficient Scientific Evidence Supporting the Use of Ivermectin in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Ivermectin– a drug obtained following fermentation of Streptomyces avermitilis, was discovered in 1975 and was approved for medical use in 1981. Alec Vasquez-Kanhere: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-1724 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41429-021-00430-5 https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/frontiers-pulls-special-covid-19-issue-after-content-dispute-68721 https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/frontiers-pulls-special-covid-19-issue-after-content-dispute-68721 https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/frontiers-pulls-special-covid-19-issue-after-content-dispute-68721 https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD015017.pub2/full https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD015017.pub2/full https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/why-you-should-not-use-ivermectin-treat-or-prevent-covid-19 https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/why-you-should-not-use-ivermectin-treat-or-prevent-covid-19 https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/why-you-should-not-use-ivermectin-treat-or-prevent-covid-19 https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/han00449.asp?ACSTrackingID=USCDC_511-DM64535&ACSTrackingLabel=HAN%20449%20-%20General%20Public&deliveryName=USCDC_511-DM64535 https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/han00449.asp?ACSTrackingID=USCDC_511-DM64535&ACSTrackingLabel=HAN%20449%20-%20General%20Public&deliveryName=USCDC_511-DM64535 https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/han00449.asp?ACSTrackingID=USCDC_511-DM64535&ACSTrackingLabel=HAN%20449%20-%20General%20Public&deliveryName=USCDC_511-DM64535 https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/han00449.asp?ACSTrackingID=USCDC_511-DM64535&ACSTrackingLabel=HAN%20449%20-%20General%20Public&deliveryName=USCDC_511-DM64535 https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/han00449.asp?ACSTrackingID=USCDC_511-DM64535&ACSTrackingLabel=HAN%20449%20-%20General%20Public&deliveryName=USCDC_511-DM64535 https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/texas-poison-center-calls-triple-for-people-self-treating-covid-19-with-ivermectin/ar-AANP5wz https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/texas-poison-center-calls-triple-for-people-self-treating-covid-19-with-ivermectin/ar-AANP5wz https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/texas-poison-center-calls-triple-for-people-self-treating-covid-19-with-ivermectin/ar-AANP5wz https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/press-releases/ama-apha-ashp-statement-ending-use-ivermectin-treat-covid-19 https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/press-releases/ama-apha-ashp-statement-ending-use-ivermectin-treat-covid-19 https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/press-releases/ama-apha-ashp-statement-ending-use-ivermectin-treat-covid-19 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5027-9992 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5027-9992 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-1724 DHRP, 2021, Vol. 1 (S4) 17-19 Editorial http://dhrproceedings.org 19 © DHR Health Institute for Research and Development Manish Singh, MD, FACS Chief Executive Officer, DHR Health, 5501 S. McColl Road, Edinburg, Texas Disclosures: None ORCID: Manish Singh: https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 4146-3282 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-3282 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-3282 Keywords: covid-19; ivermectin; prevention; use
• Will Molnupiravir be the First Oral Treatment for High-Risk Non-Hospitalized Patients with Mild-Moderate COVID-19? by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish (2021) - In a recent non-peer reviewed article, Fischer, et.al., have claimed that Molnupiravir – an experimental anti-viral agent when administered orally in patients with mild to moderated SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced the risk of hospitalization or death by about 50% as compared to the placebo (5). These observations prompted a recent news release by Merck (who developed Molnupiravir in partnership with Ridgeback Biotherapeutics) indicating that they will be submitting an investigational new drug application to the FDA seeking EUA for oral treatment of patients with mild-moderate COVID- 19 (6). Keywords: covid-19; molnupiravir; patients; sars; treatment
• Don't Don’t abandon your mask (and other public health measures) quite yet. : None by Forse, R. Armour; Obinna, Anthony O.; Singh, Manish (2021) - A systematic review med analysis of Public Health masks to prevent person to person transmission concluded that the facemask had good results with an 85% reduction in risk of infection. No, but we do have to rethink our personal approach to Public Health measures and Infection Control. Keywords: covid-19; hand; health; hygiene; masks; public
• Is There Any Advantage of Using Polyclonal vs. Monoclonal Antibodies for Passive Enhancement of Immunity in Patients with COVID-19? by Rao, Sohail; White, Caitlin; Singh, Manish (2021) - Produced in vitro from immortalized plasma cells, monoclonal antibodies have single specificity and affinity which, reduces the probability of cross reactivity (Figure 1). Due to batch-to-batch homogeneity, effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies is much more predictable, and they serve as an ideal candidate for use in diagnostic immunoassays. Keywords: antibodies; covid-19; health; monoclonal
• What is the Definition of being Fully Vaccinated? : Should the Three-dose Vaccination with the mRNA Vaccines be the New Standard by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish; Singh, Manish (2021) - A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5027-9992 mailto:s.rao@dhr-rgv.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-3282 DHRP, 2021, Vol. 1 (S5) 11-14 Definition of Fully Vaccinated? http://dhrproceedings.org 12 © DHR Health Institute for Research and Development Table 1: FDA and CDC Approved and/or Authorized COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States Pfizer BioNTech (ComirnatyTM) Moderna Jansen (Johnson and Johnson) Based on these and similar clinical observations which provided unequivocal evidence underscoring the effectiveness of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines in enhancing protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, on August 12, 2021, FDA authorized a 3rd dose of Pfizer and/or Moderna vaccine for certain immunocompromised individuals (7). Keywords: cov-2; covid-19; dose; pfizer; sars; vaccine
• Growing Shortage of Healthcare Workers Poses an Existential Threat to the Public Health System: Strategies to Mitigate this Challenge in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish (2021) - The focus of this manuscript was to underscore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare industry and to propose innovative solutions to mitigate the shortage of healthcare workers. Understand the local epidemiology of COVID-19- related indicators (e.g., community transmission levels)  Communicate with local healthcare coalitions and federal, state, and local public health partners (e.g., public health emergency preparedness and response staff) to identify additional healthcare personnel (e.g., hiring additional healthcare personnel, recruiting retired healthcare personnel, using students or volunteers), when needed Under these revised CDC guidelines, healthcare workers who either have asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or higher-risk exposure (6) are allowed to return to onsite work as long as there is strict screening and surveillance protocol in place (Table 1). Keywords: covid-19; dhr; healthcare; shortage; workers
• Can we Abandon our Masks? Deciphering CDC’s New Guidelines about Masking by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish; Hemnani, Khushboo; Arroyo, Carlos (2022) - Despite of all the evidence that masks are critical to lessen the spread of respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, the wearing of face masks has become one of the most contentious issues in the United States (6-8). Consequently, many states in the United States have or will in the very near future eliminate the mandate for indoor masks as well as in the schools (10). Keywords: cdc; covid-19; dhr; health; institute; mask
• Youth Minorities Struggle With COVID-19 by Tejeda, Emma; Garcia , Dulce ; Ruiz, Evelina; Trejo, Keyla ; Sanchez, Ana ; Esquivel, Destiny ; Martinez, Cytlali; Nieto, Nevan ; Ferreira, Katelynn (2022) - However, as the lockdown went on for months, researchers confirmed that COVID-19 negatively affected and further isolated young minorities who were already suffering with mental health disorders (2). COVID contributed to the decline in teens’ mental health, especially in youth minorities. Keywords: anxiety; covid-19; depression; health; mental; minorities; youth
• Changes in Adolescents' Mental Health After COVID-19 by Santoyo Rustrian, Isaac; Maddox Mina; Stefany Estrada; Amerie Varela ; Itzel Loreto (2022) - They also found that duration of loneliness was more strongly correlated with mental health symptoms than intensity of loneliness (4). Annual Junior Clinical Research Internship Program, DHR Health Institute for Research & Development, 5323 S McColl Road, Edinburg Texas, 78539 Received 06/17/2022 Accepted for publication 07/14/2022 Published 07/14/2022 Keywords: COVID-19, Social isolation, Depression, Anxiety, Mental health, Loneliness, Pandemic, Adolescents Introduction In February 2020, The United States was shocked with a virus that abruptly changed citizens’ lives, particularly those of adolescents. Keywords: adolescents; anxiety; covid-19; depression; health; loneliness; research
• How Did COVID-19 Affect the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers? by Garcia, Daniella; Alonso, Eleana; Rivera, Joshua; Sauceda, Kaylen; Valadez, Yuliana; Ledezma, Oliver (2022) - During this time, healthcare workers around the world began experiencing mental illnesses such as depression (77.6%), insomnia (50.4%), and anxiety 7(60.2%) due to the pandemic [1]. These burdens caused healthcare workers to be greatly overworked and led to physical and emotional exhaustion. Keywords: covid-19; healthcare; nurses; pandemic; research; workers
• Long Term Effects Post-COVID-19 by garcia, kailee; Rangel, Amani; Reynoso, Melery; Cano, Emily; Lopez, Destiny (2022) - In November 2020, a global analysis published in the journal Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism found that up to 14.4% of people who were hospitalized with severe COVID-19 also developed diabetes [7]. COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. Keywords: covid-19; effects; health; june; pandemic; people; research; smell; symptoms
• Paxlovid Rebound: Proposed Strategy to Prevent Reinfection Following Treatment of COVID-19 Positive Nonhospitalized Patients by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish (2022) - In a recent study involving 13,600 patients, it was reported that 7-day and 30-day COVID-19 rebound rates after Paxlovid treatment were 3.53% and 5.40% for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2.31% and 5.87% for COVID-19 symptoms, and 0.44% and 0.77% for hospitalizations (8). Rebound of COVID-19 symptoms following the use of Paxlovid treatment is likely due to insufficient drug exposure: not enough of the drug was getting to infected cells to stop all viral replication. Keywords: covid-19; dhr; patients; paxlovid; rebound; treatment
• The Rising Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Greater Rio Grande Valley: Is the COVID-19 Pandemic Over? by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish (2022) - Sohail Rao, MD, MA, DPhil,1 and Manish Singh, MD, FACS, FASMBS2 1Executive Vice President for Research & Leadership Development, DHR Health, 5501 S. McColl Road, Edinburg, Texas 78539, and Founding President & Chief Executive Officer, DHR Health Institute for Research & Development, 5323 S. McColl Road, Edinburg, Texas 78539. These observations are alarming considering the results of a recent study that was published in the journal Science which suggested that COVID-19 vaccine boosters provided adequate protection against Omicron sub-lineages (8). Keywords: cov-2; covid-19; infection; people; sars
• The Effects of COVID-19 on the Increasing Trend of Depression in Males by Tijerina, Ramiro; Rodriguez, Rodolfo; Reyes, Ashley; Flores, Naomi; Ballardo, Diana; Saucedo, Emilio; Hernandez, Cesar; Reyna, Amelie; Ortiz, Fernanda; Moreno, Ramiro; Coronado, Aaliyah; Guerrero, Brianna (2023) - November 1, 2023 Published: November 16, 2023 Introduction According to the National Institute of Mental Health, in 2020, approximately 1.3 million males in the United States had at least one major depressive episode.1 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common and serious mental illness that negatively affects how a person feels, the way they think, and how they act.2 People suffering from depression may experience persistent feelings of sadness, increased apathy towards previously enjoyed pastimes, and even suicidal ideations.2,3 While depression can manifest for a variety of reasons, this paper will focus on the effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease) on depression in males.4 Demographics Men are less likely to seek help, be diagnosed, and in turn, be more likely to commit suicide due to untreated depression at a rate four times higher than women.5,6 Males are not only at a social but psychological disadvantage because of the stigma that is associated with depression.6 This stigma is based on social constructs, gender roles, stereotypes, and traditional ideologies about masculinity and mental health in men.7 Figure 3 shows the prevalence of depression symptoms on a global scale with data from a study conducted across 114 different countries measuring depressive symptoms of men of varying age groups. Keywords: covid-19; depression; doi; health; men; pandemic; research; symptoms; vol
• Psychological Effect of Domestic Abuse on Children During COVID by Sustayta, Lilian; Rodriguez, Odalis; Garza, Genesis; Leal, Mia; Arafat, Sami; Sanchez, Evelyn; Nunez, Keina; Garcia, Alexxa; Chavez, Emily; Lerma, Rebecca; Perez, Gabriela (2023) - Reasons for the domestic abuse increase were financial issues, substance abuse and wrong coping mechanisms.4 Studies done by the US Davis Health, show that fewer reports of child abuse during COVID-19 pandemic which may lead to believe abuse reports were missed during distance learning.5 Their studies indicate that although there may have been a rise in domestic abuse though it was not reported. Children who experience domestic abuse may feel hopeless, unmotivated, and struggle to express their emotions. Keywords: abuse; children; covid-19; health; mental; pandemic; violence; vol

• Adolescent Added Sugar Consumption and Colon Cancer Risk in Hispanic Adults: A Public Health Perspective by Acosta, Marisol (2025) - Adolescent Sugar Intake and CRC Risk: An Overview Numerous studies have investigated the link between sugar intake and CRC risk, but the evidence remains complex and often contradictory [3], [4]. Sugar Intake and Colorectal Cancer risk: a Prospective Japanese Cohort Study. Keywords: cancer; consumption; crc; doi; health; intake; research; risk; studies; sugar
• Monosodium Glutamate Exposure in Fast Food and Its Contribution to Obesity Risk Among College-Aged Hispanics on the Texas-Mexico Border by Acosta, Marisol (2025) - Furthermore, the role of cultural norms and food preferences in shaping dietary choices should be considered in future interventions aiming to improve dietary quality among Hispanic groups.14 MSG Exposure from Fast Food and Obesity Risk: Connecting the Dots While no studies directly address the specific contribution of MSG exposure from fast food to obesity risk in college-aged Hispanics on the Texas-Mexico border, several lines of evidence suggest potential indirect associations. This would require detailed dietary assessments and analysis of MSG content in commonly consumed fast-food items within the region.18 Thirdly, studies should investigate the interaction between MSG exposure and other dietary and lifestyle factors that contribute to obesity risk in this population.12,14-15 This includes examining the impact of acculturation, socioeconomic status, access to healthy food, and physical activity levels.16-17 Fourthly, research should investigate the potential mediating role of emotional eating and other psychological factors in the relationship between MSG exposure and obesity.19 Finally, culturally relevant interventions are needed to address dietary habits and promote healthier eating behaviors within this community.14,24 Furthermore, the role of food marketing and its impact on the consumption of MSG-containing fast food, particularly among youth, needs further investigation.24 Conclusion While the direct link between MSG exposure from fast food and obesity risk in college-aged Hispanics on the Texas-Mexico border is not definitively established, several indirect associations exist. Keywords: college; doi; exposure; factors; food; msg; obesity; research; risk; vol
• Why is Alzheimer’s Disease More Prevalent in the Hispanic Community? by Chavez , Emma; Lopez, Alyna ; Gallardo, Bethany ; Ortiz , Deyanira; Picazo , Mia ; Morales, Raelyn; Aguirre, Sherlin (2022) - Unfortunately, we also have other diseases such as diabetes, cancer and, especially, Alzheimer’s that have no proven cure and will slowly cause death. Alzheimer Disease in the Hispanic Community https://doi.org/10.47488/dhrp.v2iS2.55 DHR Proceedings ǀ http://dhrproceedings.org 62 2022, Vol. 2 Keywords: age; alzheimer; dementia; disease; research; risk; symptoms; treatment
• Cervical Cancer Risks and Outcomes in Hispanic Women by Brizuela, Mia; Salinas, Adrian; Barrera, Daniella; Cordova, Andrea; Palau, Natalia; Gonzalez, Alysa; Correa, Juan; Villarreal, Rosa (2022) - Cervical cancer affects women throughout the world from all walks of life. Certain geographic locations such as the Rio Grande Valley have higher incidence of cervical cancer. Keywords: cancer; cervix; dhr; health; hpv; journal; research; risk; stage; tumor; women
• What are the Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease? by Benedetti, Brittney; Singh, Shiv; Vargas, Darlene; El-Zaim, Leith; Pruneda, Ashley; Padron, Mia; Ramirez, Nadia (2022) - There isn't a set timeline for Alzheimer’s and everyone's experience with the disease is different. Alzheimer’s usually progresses in Benedetti, et al. Keywords: alzheimer; brain; dementia; disease; factors; memory; patients; research; researchers; risk; stage
• Type 2 Diabetes and its Effect on the Elderly Population by Guerrero, Brisaeda; Guerrero, Brandy; Garcia, Vicente ; martinez, meranda; Aleman, Mayte ; Aleman, Gonzalo; Mareli (2022) - Type II diabetes is a more complicated disorder that includes the pancreas, insulin system, liver, kidneys, gut, muscle, fat cells, and brain [4]. Type II diabetes is a chronic disease in which your blood glucose is high. Keywords: blood; diabetes; doi; glucose; ii diabetes; insulin; july; patients; pmid; risk; type; type ii
• Breast Cancer in Men by Camila Urquizo; Perales, America (2022) - While cases are rare, its presentation and prognosis in men, the development of the disease, the genetic mutations that show higher risk of breast cancer in one sex over the other, and slight but notable differences in the pathophysiology of male breast cancer compared to female breast cancer are topics worthy of discussion and further study [5]. Additionally, genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 can predispose some men to develop male breast cancer, and are more likely to develop the disease if they have a blood relative who has developed breast cancer [10]. Keywords: breast; breast cancer; cancer; disease; female; male; mbc; men; risk; survival; therapy; treatment; women
• Breast Cancer in Hispanic Women by Garza, Jaraeth; Reyes, Darleny (2022) - Treatment Cost The yearly cost of breast cancer treatment in the United States is $16.5 billion according to the CDC (39). In the United States, there are about 287,850 women diagnosed with breast cancer every year (3). Keywords: august; breast; breast cancer; cancer; dhr; doi; effects; hispanic; patients; pmid; risk; treatment; women
• Factors/Maternal Behaviors That Affect Fetal Development by Milova, Vladislava; Sienna Herndon; Han Phung; Jorge Gonzalez; Victoria Guajardo; Victoria Cazares; Kamyshla Galvan; Celeste Garza; Ximena Munoz; Janessa Trevino; Amy Aldaz (2023) - The prevalence of drug use in pregnancy is not accurately represented due to the small amount of well-validated tests.9 There are no specific guidelines for drug screening during pregnancy, so the number of affected births is unknown.9 Published: November 16, 2023 Introduction Since the dawn of time, birth defects have always been a major issue. Keywords: alcohol; birth; defects; development; drugs; fetal; health; mother; pregnancy; research; risk; vol; women
• What Environmental Factors Increase the Risk of Cerebral Palsy in Unborn Children? by Lopez, Alexa; Blanco, Alexis; Rivera, Savannah; Gutierrez, Juan; Garcia, Victoria; Manzanares , Jayden; Mireles, Sophia; Grover, Saachi; Garza, Aolani; Nguma, Amani; Alam, Mahir (2023) - Out of the 8,473 children with cerebral palsy, 7.6% of their mothers had a chorioamnionitis diagnosis, compared to only 2.0% of mothers of children without cerebral palsy.19 The correlation between chorioamnionitis and cerebral palsy supports the claim that the amniotic inflammation from chorioamnionitis has an increased chance of damaging the fetal brain and leading to cerebral palsy. The Field School, Washington, DC 8 Thelma R. Salinas STEM Early College High School, La Joya, TX Received: June 29, 2023 Accepted for publication: September 1, 2023 Published: November 16, 2023 Introduction Approximately 1 in 345 children are diagnosed with cerebral palsy and 85%-90% of these cases are congenital.1 Cerebral palsy is a complex and multifaceted neurological disorder that has significant implications for individuals and their families. Keywords: children; factors; health; june; mothers; palsy; pregnancy; research; risk
• Substance Use Disorder in Young Adults Across the United States by Patel, Shreya; Martinez, Gabriel; Bernal, Anahi; Garcia, Isabella; Tapia, Stephany; Hernandez, Jocelin; Martinez, Daniel; Zuniga, Christian; Acevedo, Abril; Molina, Eric (2023) - With over 100 million people suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD) in 2016, AUD continues to be a global public health concern, in which there were over 15 million reported cases in the US since 2018 according to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).9 When compared to older individuals, young adults (ages 18 to 25) are more prone to engage in heavy episodic drinking and a variety of harmful alcohol-related activities, such as drunk driving. The impact of alcohol use disorders (AUD) on the physiological well-being of individuals presents a need for understanding of its detrimental effects on many bodily systems. Keywords: abuse; adults; alcohol; alcohol use; disorder; doi; drug; effects; health; marijuana; marijuana use; opioid; pmid; research; risk; states; substance; use; use disorder; vol
• Benefits of GLP-1 Agonist by Alaniz, Julian Ruben; Avila, Juan; Cantu, Klarissa Renee; Cruz, Joe Frank; Jaramillo, Aileen; De la Cruz, Hector; Sanchez, Fabiola Lopez; Pena, Gia; Salinas, Alan; Viera, Sadie Faye; Cantu, Karely; Garcia, Jacob Ryan (2023) - The regulation of GLP-1 agonists indirectly nourishes cells through the process of glycolysis; models of astrocytes in persons with Alzheimer’s disease show that they are lacking this process which is why they develop the disease in the first place.10 Anti-addictive properties There are copious amounts of research into the effect that GLP-1 agonists have on addictions such as alcohol use disorder, or AUD, primarily done on non-human mammals. GLP-1 agonists mobilize the afferent vagus nerve in order to release the nucleus tractus solitarii preproglucagon (NTS PPG) and nucleus tractus solitarii dopamine beta-hydroxylase (NTS DBH).12 NTS PPG is used in order to generate major hormones and NTS DBH starts the process of altering dopamine into norepinephrine. Keywords: agonists; benefits; blood; body; diabetes; disease; glp-1; insulin; liver; research; risk; system; type; vol

• Overview of Glioblastoma by Alvarez, Obed; Martinez, Alvaro; Maldonado, Cassandra; de Leon, Galilea; Agustin, Jennifer; Montelongo, Yolanda; Ramirez, Amber; Gomez, Clarissa; Perez, Marlina (2022) - Why glioblastoma tumors like John McCain’s are so aggressive. Glioblastomas are a type of glioma, which is one of the most common types of brain tumors. Keywords: brain; cancer; gbm; glioblastoma; patients; research; symptoms; treatment; tumor
• Eating Disorders in Adolescents by Serna, Nevaeh; Serna, Nevaeh ; Anguiano, Angela (2022) - Prevalence in Adolescents Eating disorders can begin at any age; however, if left untreated, eating disorders may last for many years. Eating disorders are severe, potentially fatal illnesses that affect people of all ages, particularly affecting adolescents' physical and psychological development (1). Keywords: adolescents; anorexia; binge; bulimia; disorders; doi; eating; health; nervosa; patients; pmid; treatment
• Parkinson's Disease by Sulibella Alcantara (2022) - Incidence of Parkinson's disease: variation by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Long-term effects of exercise and physical therapy in people with Parkinson disease. Keywords: disease; doi; motor; non; parkinson; patients; pmid; research; symptoms
• The Progression of Lupus and Its Manifestation in Women Throughout Age by Portales, Sharlie; Rios, Hermelindo; Gomez, Casandra; Garcia, Mia; Gottimukkala, Saanvi; Gonzalez, Destiny; Gonzalez, Etziel; Vela, Matthew; Hernandez, Ryan (2023) - During the early stages of pregnancy in women, certain autoantibodies that the fetus had exposure to via the placenta (passive mother to fetus), such as anti-La (SSB) and anti-Ro (SSA) resulted in Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus (NLE).5 Only 2% of NLE cases are estimated to affect fetuses where the mother had Sjogren Syndrome and came into contact with these antibodies.6 Skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, and even the brain are some of the organs that Lupus disease can affect. Keywords: disease; erythematosus; june; lupus; patients; sle; symptoms; women
• How Breast Cancer Treatments Affect Hispanic Women Psychologically Post-Treatment by Hernandez, Elise; Herrera, Abigail; Espinoza, Samantha; Bonilla, Estevan; Puente, Savannah; Saucedo, Fernando; Rios, Iliana; Perez, Faith; Perez, Natasha; Gonzalez, Julian (2023) - In a recent study, 32% of breast cancer patients experienced symptoms of anxiety.21 Having anxiety impacts these women's lives. The rate of breast cancer patients getting depression ranges from 1.5-50% depending on the diagnosis.29 Patients' social lives affect how they interact with their family and friends throughout therapy, and some even start to doubt their religious beliefs and ask God why they were diagnosed. Keywords: anxiety; body; breast; cancer; health; life; patients; research; women
• Psychosomatic Disorder in Women with Exposure to Violence or Stress by Alejandro, Abigail; Guerra, Catherin; Reyna, Lanika; Garcia, Juan; Garza, Victoria; Garza, Mia; Hernandez, Christin; Benavidez, Grecia; Cruz, Ailee; Vela, Graciela; Montes, Fatima; Olvera, Jocelyn (2023) - These constant, abnormal, thoughts are one of the many factors of a mental illness defined as psychosomatic disorder. Psychosomatic disorder is one of the most difficult disorders to diagnose in patients because it is often associated without any medical explanation. Keywords: disorder; health; mental; patients; research; stress; symptoms; women

• Adverse Effects of Red 40 in PepsiCo Products on Neurodevelopmental Health in Low-Income Hispanic Communities Near the Texas-Mexico Border by Acosta, Marisol (2025) - Wolfson AR, Harkins E, Johnson M, Marco C. Effects of the Young Adolescent Sleep Smart Program on Sleep Hygiene practices, Sleep Health efficacy, and Behavioral well-being. Sleep Health. Keywords: communities; dhr; doi; environmental; food; health; outcomes; potential; red; research; sleep; vol
• An Evolving Public Health Crisis Caused by the Rapid Spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant: The Protective Effect of Vaccination by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish (2021) - Figure 1: The percentage of Delta variants in patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 in the US. Delta variant causes more than 90% of new Covid cases in UK. Keywords: cov-2; dhr; health; sars; variant
• Bacteriophage Therapy: An Alternative Solution for Antibiotics by Sompalli, Srinidhi; Salinas, Angela ; Trevino, Valeria ; Pena , April; lopez, molisha; Castillo, Elanie; Pina , Mandy; Layla Arellano (2022) - In this review, the information below will serve to explain the concept of phage therapy, from the pros and cons of phage therapy to the amount of availability that bacteriophage therapy can reach. When dealing with bacteriophage therapy, one of the most common disadvantages is that researchers must choose one specific phage and weigh whether the benefits of phage therapy outweigh the risks. Keywords: antibiotics; bacteria; bacteriophage; dhr; infections; phages; research; resistance; therapy; use
• The Effects of Nicotine Vaping on High Schoolers in South Texas by Escobedo, Ricardo; Julia Martinez; Annasophia Castillo; Brittney Grimaldo; Esmeralda Guevara; Adhira Tippur; Frida Aguilar; Kaeli Castillo; Daisy De Leon (2023) - Some signs of nicotine addiction may include feeling anxious, experiencing strong cigarette cravings, or going out of your way to buy it.36 After quitting nicotine use, individuals who are addicted may also encounter symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, such as feeling depressed or experiencing difficulty sleeping properly.36 Brain Development Throughout the teenage years, the brain continues to grow, and nicotine use during this crucial time can have a variety of negative effects. The impact of nicotine vaping unfolds insidiously, often going unnoticed by users. Keywords: addiction; adolescents; age; cigarette; dhr; effects; health; high; https://doi.org/10.47488/dhrp.v3is2.91; nicotine; research; school; smoking; system; teens; use; vape; vaping; vol; youth

• The Effects of Alzheimer's: Gender, Race, & Ethnicity by Rodriguez, Kenya; Marcela Trevino; Castro, Galilea; Rodriguez , Hannah Rodriguez ; Royal, Nah'Re ; Ortiz, Grace; Garza, Jorge; Aleman, Selena; Alvarez, Allison (2022) - Alzheimer’s in America: Race & Ethnicity The occurrence of AD in people aged 65 or older is about 1 in 10. If an individual is diagnosed with Alzheimer’s (based on symptoms and factors), the development of AD to death ranges 4-20 years [12]. Keywords: alzheimer; brain; disease; individuals; memory; research; women
• The Effects of Teenage Pregnancy on Maternal Mental Health by Bechtold, Isabella; Rios, Sarai; Vinoj, Siya; Solis, Helena; Rodriguez, Jaclyn; Santoyo Rustrian, Debora; Ramirez, Laura; Trevino, Angelina; Paz, Emily; Perez, Jesus; Salgado, Leslie; Rubio, Lorenzo; Menon, Gouri (2023) - In addition, teenage pregnancy has declined in recent years due to encouragement of contraception use and less teenagers engaging in sexual intercourse.10 Teen pregnancy greatly attributes to decline in mental health and can severely affect teenage pregnant girls. Teenage pregnancy and mental health beyond the postpartum period: a systematic review Published February 8, 2018 5. Keywords: august; changes; health; mothers; pregnancy; ptsd; school; teen; vol; women

• Pediatric Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia by Salinas, Nolan; Paez, Edith; Lopez-Torres, Danika ; Garza, Kimberly ; Garcia, Raul; Contreras, Ashley; Gonzalez, Matthew; Canales, Paris; Esguerra, Gerald; Serna Herrera, Kayra (2022) - The production of blood cells goes out of control causing the cancer to spread throughout your body. ● Recurrent fevers/infections may demonstrate elevated quantities of white blood cells that are immature and do not fight infection. Keywords: acute; blood; bone; cancer; cells; children; july; leukemia; marrow; treatment
• The Relations Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease by Yazmin Cantu-Villarreal; Herrera, Diana; Dunzz, Kiza; Salas, Jocelyn; Cantu Villarreal, Yazmin; Rodriguez, Alondra; Chapa, Jacqueline; Martinez, Emely; Valdez, Mia (2022) - A common health risk seen within many obesity cases is cardiovascular disease. The most commonly known form of cardiovascular disease is the coronary artery disease (CAD). Keywords: american; blood; disease; health; heart; hispanics; obesity; population; treatment; weight
• AI-Powered Precision Oncology: Computational Insights Redefining Therapeutic Landscapes by Tippur, Adhira (2023) - Issa NT, Stathias V, Schürer S, Dakshanamurthy S. Machine and deep learning approaches for cancer drug repurposing. Ranging from its role in imaging enhancement to its prowess in predictive analytics, these applications showcase AI's multifaceted potential in transforming cancer care. Keywords: applications; artificial; cancer; care; challenges; data; deep; drug; healthcare; intelligence; learning; machine; medicine; patient; potential; precision; treatment

• Link Between Supplements and Alzheimer's Disease by Aguilar, Jonathan; Garza, Allen ; Martinez, Brenda; Fraire, Derek ; Sendejo, Nataly; Suarez, Stephanie; Regalado, Jaime (2022) - Vitamin D and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease. High-dose B vitamin supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial. Keywords: alzheimer; brain; diet; disease; research; supplements; system; vitamin
• What are the Common Risk Factors of Obesity in Children? by villegas, stacy; Perez, Sandra; Zarate, Judith; Gonzalez, Sheyla; Hernandez, Michelle; Antonio, Melanie; Rincon, Viviana; Gutierrez, Ligia; Ramirez, Monica (2022) - Tips for Parents–Ideas to Help Children Maintain a Healthy Weight. No. S2 https://doi.org/10.47488/dhrp.v2iS2.54 DHR Proceedings ǀ http://dhrproceedings.org 55 2022, Vol. 2 No. S2 55-60 COMMENTARY What are the Common Risk Factors of Obesity in Children? Keywords: blood; children; diabetes; disease; food; health; heart; high; obesity; weight

• Conditions Associated with Autism by Martinez, Yarely; Cid, Diana; Hinojosa, Lyzzette; Belmontes IV, Artemio; Reyes, Orlando; Gonzalez, Sarahi; De Leon, Sara; Torres, Kiveli; Reyna, Ariana; Solis, Ashley; Gomez, Judith; Valdez, Trista (2023) - Children with High Functioning Autism (HFA) are a bit more likely to get anxiety, and children who are diagnosed with Low Functioning Autism (LFA) are more prone to depression.5 Children with ASD also have problems with communication that can result in trouble understanding the feeding needs of the child such as if they are hungry, full, or what their food preferences are.20 There are factors linked with feeding disorders in children with ASD that are considered to be multifactorial like sensory, behavioral, and psychological. Keywords: adhd; anxiety; asd; autism; children; ocd; symptoms; therapy
• Primary Hereditary Microcephaly: A Review by Antonio, Yudith; Lozano, Ernesto; Garcia, Nicole M.; Izaguirre, Gisela J.; Juarez, Abner N.; Pena, Ruben M.; Garza, Jasmine N.; De Los Santos, Elodia Ann; Garza, Krystin; Cano, Lilliana D.; Sanchez, Rose (2023) - Nutritional monitoring aids in rebuilding strength and energy levels, therefore helping microcephaly patients with growth. Cognitive Development Primary microcephaly will be present in a patient’s brain throughout their entire lifetime. Keywords: brain; children; development; gene; microcephaly; patient; primary; protein; research; therapy; vol
• Health Effects of Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Children: Pregnancy Through Preadolescence by Huerta, Itzel; Cruz, Thomas; Silva, Lauren; Ortega, Sarah; Guerra, Violeta; Garza, Dominick (2022) - Studies taken on the Asian-American community showed that approximately 38.3% of secondhand smoke exposure happened at home (15). The percentage of secondhand smoke exposure was similar for females and males and was higher for youth aged 3-11 years compared to youth aged 12-17 years. Keywords: cause; children; doi; effects; exposure; health; pmid; research; secondhand; secondhand smoke; smoke; smoking; study
• Physiological Effects of Melatonin in Pediatric Population by Lara, Samantha; Martinez, Saul (2022) - The results obtained from these tests help show the difference in melatonin levels in the patients. Long term use of melatonin delays sexual maturity by interrupting the decline in melatonin levels that occur at night and on the beginning of puberty [21]. Keywords: august; blood; children; effects; hypertension; levels; melatonin; research; sleep; use

• Obesity and Food Affordability: The Influence of Addictive Processed Foods in Hispanic Young Adults by Acosta, Marisol (2025) - Miller et al. identified a strong association between acculturation and unhealthy dietary patterns, with US- born, English-speaking Hispanics consuming more fast food and processed food [9]. Trans fats, common in processed foods, are linked to food addiction in African American adolescents with obesity [18]. Keywords: addiction; adults; consumption; doi; eating; factors; food; health; high; obesity; research; vol
• Socioeconomic Barriers to Health Outcomes in Hispanic Populations Impact by Fentanyl along the Texas-Mexico Border  by Acosta, Marisol (2025) - Recommendations for Policy Changes Combating the fentanyl crisis and improving Hispanic border population health outcomes requires comprehensive policy changes. These initiatives demonstrate diverse approaches to addressing border health disparities. Keywords: access; border; communities; community; disparities; factors; fentanyl; health; healthcare; hispanic; research; texas; use; vol
• High Fructose Corn Syrup's Role in Obesity Among Hispanic Adolescent Females in the Texas-Mexico Border by Acosta, Marisol (2025) - Role of High-Fructose Corn Syrup While the exact contribution of HFCS to obesity among Hispanic adolescent females in the Texas-Mexico border region isn't explicitly addressed in all provided documents, the extensive research linking HFCS consumption to weight gain warrants consideration. HFCS consumption has significantly increased in the United States in recent decades [12], coinciding with a rise in obesity rates [12]. Keywords: adolescents; border; consumption; doi; factors; health; hfcs; high; hispanic; interventions; obesity; research; studies; vol
• The Bidirectional Impact of Irregular Sleep Patterns on Cognitive Function in Adolescents Aged 14–17: A Developmental Perspective by Acosta, Marisol (2025) - Children and adolescents from lower SES backgrounds often face environmental stressors such as noise pollution and overcrowding, which can negatively impact sleep quality.16 These stressors can further exacerbate the already increased risk of sleep disturbance among adolescents from minority groups.16,18 Furthermore, access to healthcare and resources to address sleep problems may be limited for families with lower SES, potentially leading to untreated sleep disorders and their associated cognitive consequences. 11,12 However, pre-existing cognitive difficulties, such as those associated with neurodevelopmental disorders like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), can also contribute to sleep problems. Keywords: adolescents; doi; factors; function; health; impact; mental; problems; research; sleep; vol
• Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Alcohol Abuse in Hispanic Adolescents (Ages 13-19) in the Rio Grande Valley: A Review of Cognitive and Structural Brain Impacts by Acosta, Marisol (2025) - No. S2 https://doi.org/10.47488/dhrp.v4iS2.7 DHR Proceedings ǀ http://dhrproceedings.org 57 2024, Vol. 4 No. S1 Pg. 55-62 Structural Brain Impacts of Alcohol Abuse Neuroimaging studies reveal significant structural brain changes associated with alcohol abuse, particularly in adolescents.2,10-11 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have documented alterations in both gray and white matter volumes indicating significant structural damage during critical developmental periods.2,10 Specific brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, show greater vulnerability to alcohol's neurotoxic effects.1,10 Moreover, studies using MRI have demonstrated disrupted cortical volume changes in individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure, suggesting that alcohol's effects on brain structure can begin even before birth.12 In adolescents, alcohol exposure leads to decreased plasticity and increased loss of cortical structure, highlighting the long-term consequences of alcohol abuse on brain development.12 Research using Mendelian randomization suggests a causal relationship between heavy alcohol use and reductions in subcortical brain volumes, specifically impacting the amygdala and hippocampus.11 These subcortical structures play vital roles in emotional regulation and memory, suggesting that alcohol-induced damage in these areas can have significant long-term consequences on mental health and cognitive function.11 The study by Durazzo et al. found that individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) exhibited significant morphological abnormalities in brain regions, particularly the frontal lobe, before treatment.13 Relapsers after treatment demonstrated greater bilateral frontal gray matter volume deficits compared to those who maintained abstinence, suggesting that persistent frontal gray matter volume deficits may serve as an endophenotype for relapse susceptibility.13 55-63 MANUSCRIPT Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Alcohol Abuse in Hispanic Adolescents (Ages 13-19) in the Rio Grande Valley: A Review of Cognitive and Structural Brain Impacts Marisol Acosta1, Jessica P. Carvajal1,3, Natalia Del Castillo1,3, Valeria I. Garcia1,2,Kaitlyn R. Lewis1,2, Hannah N. Navarro1,2, Dominic R. Policarpio1,2, Kai R. Saenz1,2 1DHR Health High School and Community Outreach 2 South Texas ISD Health Professions 3 South Texas ISD Medical Professions Received: June 21, 2024 Accepted for publication: February 5, 2025 Introduction This literature review examines the neurodevelopmental consequences of alcohol abuse in Hispanic adolescents (ages 13-19) residing in the Rio Grande Valley. Keywords: abuse; adolescents; alcohol; brain; doi; factors; grande; research; rio; vol

• Impact of Benzodiazepine Misuse on Adolescent Brain Development in Hispanic Youth on the Texas-Mexico Border: A Literature Review by Acosta, Marisol (2025) - This longitudinal study offers valuable insights into the long-term effects of adolescent substance use on brain development. While the existing literature provides a foundation for understanding the broader impacts of BZDs and adolescent substance use, there is a critical need for targeted research to address the unique challenges faced by this vulnerable population. Keywords: border; brain; development; doi; misuse; research; substance; use
• Vaping and Respiratory Health: A Literature Review Focused on Hispanic Adolescents in the Rio Grande Valley by Acosta, Marisol (2025) - Prevalence of E-cigarette Use Among Hispanic Adolescents in the RGV While precise data on e-cigarette prevalence specifically within the RGV's Hispanic adolescent population is limited, national and state-level studies provide a crucial foundation for understanding the scope of the problem. Introduction The rising prevalence of e-cigarette use among adolescents is a significant public health concern, particularly within specific demographic groups and geographic locations. Keywords: adolescents; cigarette; doi; health; hispanic; research; rgv; use; vaping

• The Effects of Anorexia on Adolescents by Ruiz, Annabella; Villegas, Vanessa; Sifuentes, Miranda; Hernandez, Miguel; Moreno, Brianna; Coronado, Adalyn; Reyes, Alejandro; Gondi, Mahaa; Mendoza, Jaiden; Acosta, Melanie; Elizondo, Isabela; Martinez, Annalisa; Rodriguez, Aliyah (2023) - Eating disorders are a heavily misunderstood subject throughout the world. Eating disorders. Keywords: adolescents; anorexia; body; culture; diet; disorders; eating; health; nervosa; patient; research; therapy; vol

• Splenda and Health Disparities: Examining its Effects on Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in the Texas-Mexico Border by Acosta, Marisol (2025) - While artificial sweeteners are often used to aid weight loss, some studies have reported a paradoxical association between artificial sweetener consumption and weight gain.14 This may be due to several mechanisms, including altered gut microbiota, increased appetite, and changes in energy balance. The impact of artificial sweetener consumption on kidney function and the risk of chronic kidney disease is currently unclear. Keywords: border; effects; health; mexico; region; research; splenda; studies; sweeteners; texas; vol

• Epidemiology and Other Factors Affecting Weight Loss in Hispanics by Espinoza, Ivan; Xiomara Rodriguez; Orfelinda Lopez; Daryl Trejo; Lluvia Villa; Melanie Cruz; San Juanita Gonzalez; Luis Salazar; Angelica Gonzalez; Anahi De Leon; Anahi Ybarra; Alondra Martinez (2023) - the Semaglutide (Ozempic) is an effective FDA-approved drug for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or over-weight.18 However, there are concerns about its cost, access, and affordability, particularly in underserved and underrepresented communities, such as the Hispanic community.18 In this study, researchers found that 57.1% of Semaglutide-eligible adults who had attempted to lose weight in the past 12 months were Hispanics.18 Cohen, and Gadde, researched other drugs that can help with weight loss therapy that have been approved in the United States are known as orlistat, lorcaserin, liraglutide, phentermine or topiramate, and naltrexone/bupropion.19 Ongoing stigma plays a huge role as to why many individuals do not seek the medical attention needed when they are stressed and overwhelmed which can also lead to weight loss. Keywords: activity; health; hispanic; loss; obesity; population; research; surgery; vol; weight

• Bridging the Gap: Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Medical Education by Tippur, Adhira (2023) - Current Applications of AI in Medical Education Given the expanding scope of medical knowledge, integrating technologies like AI into medical education is imperative, especially considering its transformative potential in medical imaging, diagnosis, and treatment (Figure 1). In the current environment, AI's role in medical education predominantly revolves around its capacity to deliver personalized feedback, thereby providing tailored learning support (9). Keywords: artificial; challenges; education; healthcare; intelligence; learning; medical

• The Long-Term Impacts of Domestic Abuse on Hispanics in their Teens by Costilla, Nick; Medrano, Leyla; Sosa, Melissa; Vazquez, Heidi; Muniz, Valeria; Jalomo, Hector; Perez, Mariah; Limon, Debra; Eligio, Mireya; Villarreal, Savannah; Perez, Isabelle (2023) - Moreover, data analysis have shown that children that live in a household with domestic violence are more susceptible to experiencing physical, sexual, and emotional abuse later on in their life.11 Domestic violence can to lead to posttraumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, and more difficulty with relationships.12 In addition, there are some physical impacts on domestic abuse victims, such as having difficulty eating, sleeping, and physical complaints such as headaches. Published: November 16, 2023 Introduction Domestic violence/abuse affects an estimated 10 million people every year, yet it is one of the least reported incidents.1 Domestic abuse includes maltreatment economically, sexually, physically, emotionally, and psychologically.1 Although awareness for victims of domestic abuse has been on the rise, awareness in the Hispanic community has been at a constant low. Keywords: abuse; community; doi; health; help; hispanic; mental; research; victims; violence; vol

• The Newly Detected B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant of SARS-CoV-2 With Multiple Mutations: Implications for transmission, diagnostics, therapeutics, and immune evasion by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish (2021) - Figure 1: Modeling of Spread of COVID-19 Cases in South Africa from Infection with B.1.1.529 Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Using S-gene Target Failure Data* *Source: Financial Times analysis of data from Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) and the South African National Health Laboratory Service Given these alarming observations, the Technical Advisory Group of the World Health Organization (WHO) met on November 26, 2021, and classified the B.1.1.529 as the Variant of Concern and named it “Omicron” (6). The Delta variant was believed to be more than five times as contagious as previous variants, and studies have shown that it may be more likely than the original virus to put infected people in the hospital. Keywords: b.1.1.529; cov-2; health; sars; variant

• The Role of Microplastics in Male Fertility Decline: A Review of Hispanic Populations Along the Texas-Mexico Border by Acosta, Marisol (2025) - Microplastics and Male Reproductive Health: No. S2 https://doi.org/10.47488/dhrp.v4iS2.1 DHR Proceedings ǀ http://dhrproceedings.org 1 2024, Vol. 4 No. S2 Pg. 1-7 MANUSCRIPT The Role of Microplastics in Male Fertility Decline: A Review of Hispanic Populations Along the Texas-Mexico Border Marisol Acosta1, Jocelyn B. Armendariz1,2, Juan L. Flores 1,3, Daniella E. Guerrero1,3, Teresa J. Hidalgo1,2, Jessica A. López1,2, Leonel A. Nuñez1,2, and Angie J. Ruiz1,2 1DHR Health High School and Community Outreach 2 South Texas ISD Health Professions 3 South Texas ISD Medical Professions Received: July 3, 2024 Accepted for publication: January 24, 2025 Introduction The pervasive presence of microplastics in the environment poses a significant threat to human health, including reproductive health.1,3 This literature review focuses on the emerging evidence linking microplastic exposure to male fertility decline, specifically examining studies involving Hispanic populations along the Texas-Mexico border. Keywords: border; doi; environmental; exposure; fertility; health; male; microplastics; research; vol

• DHR Health Trauma Services: Providing the Critical Care the Rio Grande Valley Deserves: Critical Care in the RGV by Volcy, Jennifer (2021) - Gaining the knowledge and experience in trauma care from the military to working in the Doctor's Hospital Trauma Services Department has increased that desire to serve my community and help this region achieve what it deserves. This hidden gem in the United States of America should not lack in trauma care to its natives. Keywords: care; health; trauma
• 'Twas the night before Christmas, Only a Trauma Was Stirring: A Christmas Story by Skubic, Jeffrey (2021) - These are categories defined by national standards for trauma care in hospitals. Trauma Center Verification is an evaluation process done by the American College of Surgeons (ACS) to evaluate and improve trauma care. Keywords: care; level; trauma
• Critical Care in the Air- When Seconds Matter Airmed South Texas: Critical care in the air by Allua, Jonathan (2021) - In The Air – When Seconds Matter Airmed South Texas Jonathan Allua 1 1 EMS Operations, Hidalgo County EMS, and AirMed South Texas, Edinburg, Texas, USA E-mail: jallua@hidalgocountyems.org Received 12/17/2020 Accepted for publication 01/08/2021 Published 03/05/2021 Keywords: Trauma; Injury; Emergency; Helicopter; Critical care There are a “few” adages in emergency medicine, “time is muscle” referring to a heart attack, “time is brain” referring to a stroke, and the pinnacle, “the golden hour” referring to a trauma patient, and the importance of reaching a trauma facility within the first hour from injury. JA is the Chief of EMS Operations and Chief Flight Nurse for Hidalgo County EMS & AirMed South Texas. Keywords: care; transport
• Sociology of Sleep Health in the Rio Grande Valley by Rao, Sohail; DEVANI, JIYA; SRIVASTAVA, DEEPAK (2022) - Sleep health is a burgeoning yet neglected health concern; various biological and social variables intertwine to contribute to this burden, which has far-reaching implications at the individual, social, and societal levels. Sleep health is a burgeoning yet neglected health concern; various biological and social variables intertwine to contribute to this burden, which has far- reaching implications at the individual, social, and societal levels. Keywords: care; disorders; health; hispanics; outcomes; population; rgv; sleep; texas; vol

• What Does a Level 1 Trauma Center Mean for the Valley? Nursing and trauma Level 1 by Megan Molina (2021) - Megan Molina1 1 Trauma Prevention and Outreach, DHR Trauma Services, DHR Health, Edinburg, TX, USA E-mail: meg.molina@dhr-rgv.com Received 03/02/2021 Accepted for publication 03/03/2021 Published 03/05/2021 Keywords: Nursing; Trauma; Injury; Emergency; Community As a new nurse, I didn’t understand what the different levels of trauma meant. While working at this Level 1 facility, I also learned that we received a large amount of transfer patients from surrounding towns and cities. Keywords: level; trauma

• Messenger RNA Vaccines are Safe & Effective and do not Modify Host DNA by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish (2021) - 2021, Vol. 1 (S4) 13-14 https://doi.org/10.47488/dhrp.v1iS4.26 http://dhrproceedings.org 13 © DHR Health Institute for Research and Development EDITORIAL Messenger RNA Vaccines are Safe & Effective and do not Modify Host DNA Despite the fact that over 5.3 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered globally, there still exists measurable hesitancy in a select cohort of the population to get vaccinated. In this editorial, we plan to provide scientific evidence to repudiate these misconceptions and to alleviate concerns related to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Keywords: mrna; pfizer; vaccine

• Engineering of Viruses and Pathogens for Gain-of-Function Research : Viral gain-of-function by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish (2021) - Scientists are conflicted as to the value of GoF research which has been used in the past to enhance viral pathogenicity, transmissibility, antigenicity, and tropism (2-4). Subsequent to implementation of this “pause,” both the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine organized a number of symposiums to discuss the potential risks and benefits of GoF research. Keywords: function; gain; gof; health; research

• Why Should Vaccinated People Wear Masks Indoors in Areas of High Community Transmission: Rationale for CDC's Recent Recommendaiton by Rao, Sohail; Singh, Manish (2021) - As part of this new advisory, masking was not required (both indoors and outdoors) for vaccinated individuals except for certain conditions in which it was mandatory for all irrespective of their vaccination status. The recent surge in infections with the SARS-CoV- 2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant and the evolving public health crisis has prompted the CDC to reconsider and reverse its earlier advisory about masking for vaccinated individuals (1). Keywords: cdc; individuals

• Challenges and Opportunities in Conducting Translational and Clinical Research in Academic Institutions and Universities by Rao, Sohail (2022) - These resources form the infrastructure that currently supports clinical research in the United States. This divergence between the priorities of society https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5027-9992 mailto:s.rao@dhr-rgv.com DHRP, 2022, Vol. 2 (S1) 4-6 Clinical Research in Academic Institutions http://dhrproceedings.org 5 © DHR Health Institute for Research and Development and industry is notable as the nation discusses how to address the current gaps in clinical research and medical decision making. Keywords: health; institute; research; trial

• The Use of Transgenic Mosquitoes to Control Vertical Transmission of Arbovirus-related Illnesses : The Rationale for Conducting a Field Trial in the Florida Keys and its Relevance to South Texas by Rao, Sohail (2021) - It is common knowledge that male mosquitoes do not bite but rather feed on nectar from flowers. Similarly, using genetic technology, a self- limiting strain of Aedes aegypti male mosquitoes (OX513A) when released in the field have shown an 81%-95% suppression of population of this strain as compared to adjacent no-release control field (8). Keywords: aedes; aegypti; mosquitoes; ox5034

Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-23